You searched for subject:(Tropical cyclone boundary layer).
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Colorado State University
1.
Delap, Eleanor G.
Simplified approach to understanding boundary layer structure impacts on tropical cyclone intensity, A.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Atmospheric Science, 2018, Colorado State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/193145 
► The relationship between tropical cyclone boundary layer (TCBL) structure and tropical cyclone (TC) intensity change is difficult to understand due to limited observations of the…
(more)
▼ The relationship between
tropical cyclone boundary layer (TCBL) structure and
tropical cyclone (TC) intensity change is difficult to understand due to limited observations of the complex, non-linear interactions at both the top and bottom boundaries of the TCBL. Consequently, there are debates on how the TCBL interacts with surface friction and how these interactions affect TC intensity change. To begin to address these questions, a conceptual framework of how axisymmetric dynamics within the TCBL can impact TC intensity change is developed from first principles in the form of a new, simple logistic growth equation (LGE). Although this LGE bears some similarities to the operational LGE Model (LGEM; DeMaria 2009), the difference is that our growth-limiting term incorporates TCBL structure and surface drag. The carrying capacity of the LGE—termed the instantaneous logistic potential intensity (ILPI) in this study—is used to explore the relationship between TCBL structure and TC intensity. The LGE is also further solved for the drag coefficient (CD) to explore the relationships between it and both TCBL structure and TC intensity. The validity of this new LGE framework is then explored in idealized numerical modeling using the axisymmetric version of Cloud Model 1 (CM1; Bryan and Fritsch 2002). Results show that CM1 exhibits changes to TCBL structure and TC intensity that are consistent with the LGE framework. Sensitivity of these results to the turbulent mixing lengths, Lh and Lv, are also explored, and general LGE relation- ships still hold as CD is increased. Finally, the LGE framework is applied to observations, and initial CD retrievals indicate that while this new method is low compared to Bell et al. (2012), they are still plausible estimates.
Advisors/Committee Members: Bell, Michael M. (advisor), Maloney, Eric D. (committee member), Venayagamoorthy, Subhas Karan (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: boundary layer structure; TCBL; tropical cyclone intensity; ILPI; boundary layer; tropical cyclone
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APA (6th Edition):
Delap, E. G. (2018). Simplified approach to understanding boundary layer structure impacts on tropical cyclone intensity, A. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/193145
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Delap, Eleanor G. “Simplified approach to understanding boundary layer structure impacts on tropical cyclone intensity, A.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10217/193145.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Delap, Eleanor G. “Simplified approach to understanding boundary layer structure impacts on tropical cyclone intensity, A.” 2018. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Delap EG. Simplified approach to understanding boundary layer structure impacts on tropical cyclone intensity, A. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/193145.
Council of Science Editors:
Delap EG. Simplified approach to understanding boundary layer structure impacts on tropical cyclone intensity, A. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/193145
Colorado State University
2.
Williams, Gabriel Jason.
Effects of environmental flow on the internal dynamics of tropical cyclones, The.
Degree: PhD, Atmospheric Science, 2012, Colorado State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/67955
► This dissertation focuses on two projects that examine the interaction between the internal dynamics of tropical cyclones and the large-scale environmental flow using a hierarchy…
(more)
▼ This dissertation focuses on two projects that examine the interaction between the internal dynamics of
tropical cyclones and the large-scale environmental flow using a hierarchy of numerical model simulations. Diabatic heating from deep moist convection in the hurricane eyewall produces a towering annular structure of elevated potential vorticity (PV) called a hollow PV tower. For the first project, the three-dimensional rearrangement of hurricane-like hollow PV towers is examined in an idealized framework. For the adiabatic PV tower in the absence of environmental flow, barotropic instability causes air parcels with high PV to be mixed into the eye preferentially at lower levels, where unstable PV wave growth rates are the largest. When the diabatic forcing is included, diabatic PV production accompanies the inward mixing at low levels, and similarly diabatic PV destruction accompanies the outflow at upper-levels. The largest variation in PV is produced when the diabatic forcing is placed within the radius of maximum winds (RMW) due to its ability to efficiently extract kinetic energy from the specified heating source. For the adiabatic PV tower in vertical shear, the initial response of the vortex to the vertical shear is to tilt downshear and rotate cyclonically about the mid-level center. The cyclonic precession of the vortex around the center demonstrates the existence of an azimuthal wavenumber-1 quasimode that prevents the vertical alignment of the vortex. When the effects of diabatic forcing are included, the increase in inertial stability causes the resonant damping of the quasimode to become more efficient, leading to the emission of sheared vortex Rossby waves (VRWs) and vortex alignment. Generally, it is shown that the vortex response to vertical shear depends sensitively on the Rossby deformation radius, Rossby penetration depth, and the vortex beta Rossby number of the vortex. For the second project, we examine the development of shock-like structures in the
tropical cyclone boundary layer for a stationary and slowly moving
tropical cyclone. Using a two-dimensional slab
boundary layer model and a three-dimensional
boundary layer model, we show that both
boundary layer models approximate the nonlinear viscous Burgers' equation in the
tropical cyclone boundary layer. For the stationary
tropical cyclone, radial inflow creates a circular shock near the surface while vertical mixing communicates the shock throughout the
boundary layer. The peak Ekman pumping occurs at a height of 600 m, which is also the location of maximum turbulent transport, consistent with Hurricane Hugo (1989). For a moving TC, the asymmetry in the frictional drag causes an asymmetry in the
boundary layer response. As the translation speed of the TC increases, the nonlinear asymmetric advective interactions amplify, leading to an anticyclonic spiral in the vertical velocity field and pronounced inflow in the right-front quadrant of the storm.
Advisors/Committee Members: Schubert, Wayne H. (advisor), Dangelmayr, Gerhard (committee member), Maloney, Eric D. (committee member), van den Heever, Sue (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: shocks; PV tower; tropical cyclone; boundary layer; hurricanes
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APA (6th Edition):
Williams, G. J. (2012). Effects of environmental flow on the internal dynamics of tropical cyclones, The. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/67955
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Williams, Gabriel Jason. “Effects of environmental flow on the internal dynamics of tropical cyclones, The.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado State University. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10217/67955.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Williams, Gabriel Jason. “Effects of environmental flow on the internal dynamics of tropical cyclones, The.” 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Williams GJ. Effects of environmental flow on the internal dynamics of tropical cyclones, The. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/67955.
Council of Science Editors:
Williams GJ. Effects of environmental flow on the internal dynamics of tropical cyclones, The. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/67955
University of Miami
3.
Hildebrand, Edward.
Validation of Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) Data Using GPS Dropsondes.
Degree: MS, Meteorology and Physical Oceanography (Marine), 2010, University of Miami
URL: https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/50
► The vertical structures of tropospheric temperature and moisture over the oceans have not been well observed to date. The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) aboard…
(more)
▼ The vertical structures of tropospheric temperature and moisture over the oceans have not been well observed to date. The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) aboard NASA's Aqua satellite offers the opportunity to provide observed soundings of these variables. This thesis focuses on the validation and application of AIRS soundings in the
tropical troposphere over the Atlantic Ocean, with emphasis on the Saharan Air
Layer (SAL). SAL outbreaks occur every few days, producing a warm air mass that is particularly dry at the middle levels. These westward-propagating plumes inhibit convection and are thereby thought to possess a detrimental effect on African easterly waves and
tropical cyclones (TCs). First, AIRS soundings are compared with concurrent Global Positioning System (GPS) dropwindsonde data released from NOAA's Gulfstream-IV jet aircraft, for three TC cases. In SAL environments, temperature soundings from both instruments are usually consistent. Additionally, AIRS is able to capture the very dry air in the middle levels, but it generally underestimates the moisture in the
boundary layer and often misses the sharp vertical moisture gradient at the SAL base (~850 hPa). In the moist
tropical boundary layer, AIRS also exhibits a dry bias. Cloud cover also prevents AIRS from accurately sampling the low-level moisture. Next, total precipitable water is derived from AIRS soundings and averaged over daily, monthly and seasonal timescales. The significant monthly and interannual variability of the moisture distribution is found to be consistent with expectations. A peak in the probability density function of mixing ratio corresponding to dry air is observed in the lower-mid troposphere in early summer, consistent with the increased frequency of SAL outbreaks during this period. Finally, the relationship between dry air derived from AIRS and TC intensity is explored. As the amount of dry air increases, particularly in the southeast and northeast quadrants of the TC, the TC becomes more likely to weaken. In the presence of high wind shear or low sea surface temperature, the likelihood of weakening increases further. While these results highlight some shortcomings of the AIRS data, their importance and uniqueness are emphasized via new applications of AIRS soundings over data sparse regions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Chidong Zhang, Sharanya Majumdar, Jason Dunion.
Subjects/Keywords: SAL; Saharan Air Layer; Tropical Cyclone Environments
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APA (6th Edition):
Hildebrand, E. (2010). Validation of Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) Data Using GPS Dropsondes. (Thesis). University of Miami. Retrieved from https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/50
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hildebrand, Edward. “Validation of Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) Data Using GPS Dropsondes.” 2010. Thesis, University of Miami. Accessed January 16, 2021.
https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/50.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hildebrand, Edward. “Validation of Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) Data Using GPS Dropsondes.” 2010. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Hildebrand E. Validation of Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) Data Using GPS Dropsondes. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Miami; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/50.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Hildebrand E. Validation of Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) Data Using GPS Dropsondes. [Thesis]. University of Miami; 2010. Available from: https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/50
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
York University
4.
Kennell, Joanne Michelle.
Sensitivity of Simulated Hurricane Eyewall Replacement Cycles to Horizontal Turbulent Mixing.
Degree: MSc -MS, Earth & Space Science, 2016, York University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10315/32804
► Eyewall replacement cycles (ERCs) are naturally occurring phenomena in some intense tropical cyclones. The exact mechanisms of ERCs are currently not known and successful numerical…
(more)
▼ Eyewall replacement cycles (ERCs) are naturally occurring phenomena in some intense
tropical cyclones. The exact mechanisms of ERCs are currently not known and successful numerical simulations of ERCs are also rare. The objectives of this thesis are to 1) validate the current ERC theories for a set of numerical simulations which resolved ERC processes, 2) investigate the role of
boundary layer turbulence in ERCs, and 3) propose a mechanism for ERCs. Using the Advanced Research and Weather Forecasting (WRF-ARW) model, Hurricane Danielle (2010) was simulated. The ERCs that occurred in simulated Danielle are sensitive to parameterized horizontal turbulent mixing. Five theories on the initiating mechanisms of eyewall replace cycles are discussed with respect to each of our simulations and based on the results, a new idea of how the eyewall replacement process formed in our simulations is proposed. Two sensitivity experiments are performed to test the validity of this mechanism.
Advisors/Committee Members: Chen, Yongsheng (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Atmospheric sciences; Hurricane; Tropical cyclone; Eyewall replacement cycle; Secondary eyewall; Turbulence; Boundary layer; Severe weather; Smagorinsky; Hurricane Danielle; Horizontal turbulent mixing
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APA (6th Edition):
Kennell, J. M. (2016). Sensitivity of Simulated Hurricane Eyewall Replacement Cycles to Horizontal Turbulent Mixing. (Masters Thesis). York University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10315/32804
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kennell, Joanne Michelle. “Sensitivity of Simulated Hurricane Eyewall Replacement Cycles to Horizontal Turbulent Mixing.” 2016. Masters Thesis, York University. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10315/32804.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kennell, Joanne Michelle. “Sensitivity of Simulated Hurricane Eyewall Replacement Cycles to Horizontal Turbulent Mixing.” 2016. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Kennell JM. Sensitivity of Simulated Hurricane Eyewall Replacement Cycles to Horizontal Turbulent Mixing. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. York University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10315/32804.
Council of Science Editors:
Kennell JM. Sensitivity of Simulated Hurricane Eyewall Replacement Cycles to Horizontal Turbulent Mixing. [Masters Thesis]. York University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10315/32804
University of Hawaii
5.
Li, Tsung-Han.
The Role of Boundary Layer Dynamics in Tropical Cyclone Intensification.
Degree: 2019, University of Hawaii
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/62044
Subjects/Keywords: Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Boundary layer; Hurricanes/typhoons; Surface drag coefficients; Tropical cyclone intensity; Tropical cyclones; Tropical cyclone structure
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Li, T. (2019). The Role of Boundary Layer Dynamics in Tropical Cyclone Intensification. (Thesis). University of Hawaii. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10125/62044
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Li, Tsung-Han. “The Role of Boundary Layer Dynamics in Tropical Cyclone Intensification.” 2019. Thesis, University of Hawaii. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10125/62044.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Li, Tsung-Han. “The Role of Boundary Layer Dynamics in Tropical Cyclone Intensification.” 2019. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Li T. The Role of Boundary Layer Dynamics in Tropical Cyclone Intensification. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Hawaii; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/62044.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Li T. The Role of Boundary Layer Dynamics in Tropical Cyclone Intensification. [Thesis]. University of Hawaii; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/62044
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
6.
Bu, Yizhe.
Influence of cloud-radiative forcing and the planetary boundary layer on tropical cyclone structure.
Degree: Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences, 2015, UCLA
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5d697087
► This dissertation focuses on two projects related to tropical cyclone (TC) structure. The first project is about understanding how and why the cloud-radiative forcing (CRF)…
(more)
▼ This dissertation focuses on two projects related to tropical cyclone (TC) structure. The first project is about understanding how and why the cloud-radiative forcing (CRF) modulates the structure of TCs. The second project is about the influence of planetary boundary layer (PBL) mixing on TC structure.The first project demonstrates that CRF, the interaction of hydrometeors with longwave and shortwave radiation, can significantly modulate the TC structure through the employment of “semi- idealized” integrations of the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting model (HWRF) and an axisymmetric cloud model. Averaged through a diurnal cycle, CRF consists of pronounced cooling along the anvil top and weak warming through the cloudy air, which locally reverses the large net cooling that occurs in the troposphere under clear-sky conditions. CRF itself depends on the microphysics parameterization and represents one of the major reasons why simulations can be sensitive to microphysical assumptions.By itself, CRF enhances convective activity in the TC’s outer core, leading to a wide eye, a broader tangential wind field, and a stronger secondary circulation. This forcing also functions as a positive feedback, assisting in the development of a thicker and more radially extensive anvil than would otherwise have formed. These simulations clearly show that the weak (primarily longwave) warming within the cloud anvil is the major component of CRF, directly forcing stronger upper- tropospheric radial outflow as well as slow, yet sustained, ascent throughout the outer core. In particular, this ascent leads to enhanced convective heating, which in turn broadens the wind field, as demonstrated with dry simulations using realistic heat sources.The second project examines the TC response to the different PBL-generated mixing magnitudes in the GFS PBL scheme that is used in the operational HWRF model, in which the vertical eddy mixing is tuned by a parameter α. This parameter can strongly modify TC structure when the environment is favorable. With large α values, the GFS PBL scheme can produce momentum diffusion that is larger than the magnitudes suggested by observations, which can dramatically broaden the TC horizontal extent. However, this sensitivity is case-dependent, and decreases as the environment becomes less favorable for convective activity.The influence of PBL mixing on storm structure is dramatic, but also complex, because it emerged that the vertical mixing of moisture and momentum represent competing influences. Decreasing moisture diffusion causes the storms to be weaker and much narrower, because to acts to limit moisture availability in the hurricane outer core and thus reduce peripheral convective activity. On the other hand, decreasing momentum diffusion acts to strengthen the wind field at all radii via enhancing the radial inflow and reducing the momentum sink. The TC structure is also found to be sensitive to the vertical shape of the eddy mixing profile, specifically the height of where the mixing magnitude is at…
Subjects/Keywords: Atmospheric sciences; boundary layer; Cloud radiative forcing; tropical cyclone
…44
Influence of the planetary boundary layer on tropical cyclone structure and intensity… …12
Influence of cloud-radiative forcing on tropical cyclone structure… …4.1.2
Observation of the tropical cyclone PBL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4.1.3… …x28;AAM) within the boundary layer
is very important for the vortex spin-up process and… …x28;CRF) and planetary boundary layer (PBL) mixing on TC structure.
Therefore…
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Bu, Y. (2015). Influence of cloud-radiative forcing and the planetary boundary layer on tropical cyclone structure. (Thesis). UCLA. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5d697087
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bu, Yizhe. “Influence of cloud-radiative forcing and the planetary boundary layer on tropical cyclone structure.” 2015. Thesis, UCLA. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5d697087.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bu, Yizhe. “Influence of cloud-radiative forcing and the planetary boundary layer on tropical cyclone structure.” 2015. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Bu Y. Influence of cloud-radiative forcing and the planetary boundary layer on tropical cyclone structure. [Internet] [Thesis]. UCLA; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5d697087.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Bu Y. Influence of cloud-radiative forcing and the planetary boundary layer on tropical cyclone structure. [Thesis]. UCLA; 2015. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5d697087
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Colorado State University
7.
Musgrave, Kate D.
Tropical cyclone inner core structure and intensity change.
Degree: PhD, Atmospheric Science, 2011, Colorado State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/70459
► This dissertation focuses on two projects that examine aspects of the relationship between tropical cyclone (TC) storm-scale dynamics and intensity. TC intensity change is a…
(more)
▼ This dissertation focuses on two projects that examine aspects of the relationship between
tropical cyclone (TC) storm-scale dynamics and intensity. TC intensity change is a forecast challenge combining influences from the large-scale environment, the underlying ocean state, and the storm-scale dynamics within the TC. In particular structures and processes involving the TC eye are observed to have an impact on current and future intensity. The first project examines observations of TC eyes from aircraft reconnaissance flown into Atlantic basin TCs over the period 1989-2008. Relationships between TC eye diameter and type and intensity and intensity change are investigated. Consistent with previous studies, eye diameter does not display a direct relationship with intensity. Smaller eye diameters are observed at all intensities, though both the most and least intense TCs with eyes have smaller average eye diameters. Smaller eyes also have the largest variability in intensity change. Larger eyes show smaller ranges for intensity change, and the largest eyes tend to maintain or weaken in intensity. TCs with eyes reported had higher intensification rates and higher probabilities of undergoing rapid intensification. The second project takes a theoretical approach to examining the TC response to the location of the convection within the vortex structure using the balanced vortex model. An annular ring of heating is placed along an idealized axisymmetric vortex. The largest increase in intensity is produced when the heating is placed within the radius of maximum winds. Intensification still occurs at a lessened rate when the heating is contained within the vorticity skirt, and when the heating is outside the vorticity skirt the vortex does not intensify. The strength of the vortex increases in all cases, though less so than the intensity when the heating is within the radius of maximum winds.
Advisors/Committee Members: Schubert, Wayne (advisor), Davis, Christopher (advisor), Johnson, Richard (committee member), Thompson, David (committee member), Kirby, Michael (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: tropical cyclone
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APA (6th Edition):
Musgrave, K. D. (2011). Tropical cyclone inner core structure and intensity change. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/70459
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Musgrave, Kate D. “Tropical cyclone inner core structure and intensity change.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado State University. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10217/70459.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Musgrave, Kate D. “Tropical cyclone inner core structure and intensity change.” 2011. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Musgrave KD. Tropical cyclone inner core structure and intensity change. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/70459.
Council of Science Editors:
Musgrave KD. Tropical cyclone inner core structure and intensity change. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/70459
The Ohio State University
8.
Hennon, Paula Ann.
The role of the ocean in convective burst initiation:
implications for tropical cyclone intensification.
Degree: PhD, Atmospheric Sciences, 2006, The Ohio State University
URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1135914268
► The upper ocean significantly influences tropical cyclone structure and intensity. These effects, however, are not well understood mostly due to a lack of oceanic and…
(more)
▼ The upper ocean significantly influences
tropical
cyclone structure and intensity. These effects, however, are not
well understood mostly due to a lack of oceanic and atmospheric
boundary layer observations within the inner-core region. This
study relates ocean-atmosphere energy exchange processes to
mid-to-upper tropospheric latent heating using mesoscale inner-core
convective burst events. A global survey of convective burst events
in
tropical cyclones from the year 1999 – 2001 was
constructed. This study shows that 80% of
tropical cyclones have at
least one convective burst event and that convective burst events
usually occur during the intensification phase of the storm life
cycle. Latent and sensible heat flux estimates and a measure of
upper-ocean energy utilization were calculated for the inner-core
(<.5° radius) and the near-core (.5° - 1° radius). This study
found that
tropical cyclones generally utilize only about 8% of the
total enthalpy flux available from the ocean/atmosphere
boundary
layer. Storms with convective bursts utilize more energy from the
ocean (11%) than storms with no convective burst (2%). Sea-air
fluxes are greatly enhanced (doubled) during convective burst time
periods. These along-track ocean-atmosphere analyses was compared
to vertical profiles of atmospheric latent heating calculated using
a combined active and passive TRMM PR and TMI retrieval algorithm.
Results show strong positive space and time correlations between
ocean-air fluxes and mid-upper tropospheric latent heating.
Additionally, the 30 storms analyzed were categorized by the
presence or absence of convective burst events during the storm
lifecycle. Composite atmospheric latent heating profiles
constructed for each group show a two-fold release in energy for
the storms with convective burst events compared to storms with no
convective burst event. Finally, seven case studies are presented
which attempt to resolve the upscale energy cascade of the
tropical
cyclone with a convective burst event from the ocean through the
troposphere. For these case studies, the TRMM vertical profiles of
latent heating are compared with AMSU temperature anomalies in an
attempt to link the enhanced tropospheric latent heat release with
a developing inner-eye warm core anomaly.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hobgood, Jay (Advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: hurricane; tropical cyclone intensification; theta-e; sea-air interaction; air-sea interaction; remotely-sensed flux; tropical cyclone boundary layer; ocean planetary boundary layer; hurricane heat content; TRMM latent heat; tropical cyclone latent heat r
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Hennon, P. A. (2006). The role of the ocean in convective burst initiation:
implications for tropical cyclone intensification. (Doctoral Dissertation). The Ohio State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1135914268
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hennon, Paula Ann. “The role of the ocean in convective burst initiation:
implications for tropical cyclone intensification.” 2006. Doctoral Dissertation, The Ohio State University. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1135914268.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hennon, Paula Ann. “The role of the ocean in convective burst initiation:
implications for tropical cyclone intensification.” 2006. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Hennon PA. The role of the ocean in convective burst initiation:
implications for tropical cyclone intensification. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 2006. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1135914268.
Council of Science Editors:
Hennon PA. The role of the ocean in convective burst initiation:
implications for tropical cyclone intensification. [Doctoral Dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 2006. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1135914268
North Carolina State University
9.
Diaz, Michael.
Isentropic Descent beneath the Saharan Air Layer and its Impact on Tropical Cyclogensis.
Degree: MS, Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, 2009, North Carolina State University
URL: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/1581
► We investigate the driving mechanism behind strong climatological isentropic descent in the eastern Atlantic and how it affects tropical cyclogenesis from African Easterly Waves (AEW).…
(more)
▼ We investigate the driving mechanism behind strong climatological isentropic descent in the eastern Atlantic and how it affects
tropical cyclogenesis from African Easterly Waves (AEW). Our results suggest that this isentropic descent is forced by the warm thermal structure associated with the Saharan Air
Layer (SAL) combined with northerly flow on the eastern flank of the Azores high. Since this northerly flow travels from the drier middle troposphere at higher latitudes to the lower troposphere at lower latitudes, it provides a nearly continuous source of dry air off the West African coast. Thus, AEWs traveling south of the SAL often ingest dry air from the middle latitudes into their circulation. Being dry, this air mass may suppress the moist convection required for
tropical cyclogenesis. Although this process is intimately linked with the SAL, the air mass involved is distinctly different; it originates from the middle latitudes and travels beneath the SAL. In contrast, previous research emphasizes the negatives impact of the SAL itself on
tropical cyclogenesis and concentrates primarily on how strong vertical wind shear, dry mid-level air, and high static stability suppress
tropical cyclone convection. In this study, we use the Global Forecast System (GFS) analyses from 2000 to 2008 to perform a back trajectory analysis of air within 191 AEW cases to determine dominant air mass source regions. We ﬠnd that AEWs contain a large fraction of low level air mass which has undergone isentropic descent along the African coast. Our results suggest that AEWs containing larger amounts of this air mass tend to have weaker convection and a lower probability of
tropical cyclogenesis.
We then investigate the role of sea surface temperature along the northwest African coast north of where AEWs track in moistening the dry air from isentropic descent and thus counteracting its inhibiting impact on convection and
tropical cyclogenesis. Based on a series of numerical modeling case studies, we ﬠnd that warming (cooling) SST north of 15◦ N along the African coast increases (decreases) the probability that an AEW will become a
tropical cyclone.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Lian Xie, Committee Member (advisor), Dr. Anantha Aiyyer, Committee Member (advisor), Dr. Fredrick Semazzi, Committee Chair (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Saharan Air Layer; African Easterly Wave; tropical cyclone
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APA (6th Edition):
Diaz, M. (2009). Isentropic Descent beneath the Saharan Air Layer and its Impact on Tropical Cyclogensis. (Thesis). North Carolina State University. Retrieved from http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/1581
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Diaz, Michael. “Isentropic Descent beneath the Saharan Air Layer and its Impact on Tropical Cyclogensis.” 2009. Thesis, North Carolina State University. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/1581.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Diaz, Michael. “Isentropic Descent beneath the Saharan Air Layer and its Impact on Tropical Cyclogensis.” 2009. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Diaz M. Isentropic Descent beneath the Saharan Air Layer and its Impact on Tropical Cyclogensis. [Internet] [Thesis]. North Carolina State University; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/1581.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Diaz M. Isentropic Descent beneath the Saharan Air Layer and its Impact on Tropical Cyclogensis. [Thesis]. North Carolina State University; 2009. Available from: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/1581
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Louisiana State University
10.
Zhang, Xiongping.
Design and implementation of an ocean observing system: WAVCIS (Wave-Current-Surge Information System) and its application to the Louisiana coast.
Degree: PhD, Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2003, Louisiana State University
URL: etd-0708103-012004
;
https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/1270
► WAVCIS (Wave-Current-Surge Information System for Coastal Louisiana) was designed to measure meteorological and hydrodynamic phenomena along the Louisiana coast. The information measured includes waves, currents,…
(more)
▼ WAVCIS (Wave-Current-Surge Information System for Coastal Louisiana) was designed to measure meteorological and hydrodynamic phenomena along the Louisiana coast. The information measured includes waves, currents, water depth, surge, turbidity, salinity and meteorological conditions. WAVCIS collects data and transfers it back to the data processing laboratory at LSU through wireless communication. The data undergo post-processing and archiving. Users can access the real-time or archived information through the World Wide Web. This dissertation utilized the information provided by WAVCIS stations and NDBC buoys during Hurricane Lili and Tropical Storm to examine temporal and spatial variations of storm induced meteorological and oceanographic dynamics. The results show that waves during Hurricane Lili ranged from 1.8 meters in Terrebonne Bay, 6.2 meters offshore at a depth of 20 meters and 12 meters in Central Gulf of Mexico. The track of Hurricane Lili passed over CSI 3 where the peak in significant wave height reached 2.7 meters. The maximum current speeds near sea surface and near bottom generated by Hurricane Lili were 1.8 m/s and 1.1 m/s respectively. During the peak of the storm the water column was dominated by a northwest current. Currents were initially impacted by the storms when they encountered the continental shelf. Within approximately twice the radius of maximum wind (Rw) during Hurricane Lili, the current measured by an ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) exhibited an almost perfect logarithmic profile extending to near the sea surface from the bottom. The range of the estimated shear velocity during the passage of Hurricane Lili was 5-12.5 cm/s. Storm wave energy dumping occurred along the muddy shelf in western Louisiana. Waves generated by Hurricane Lili and Tropical Storm Isidore showed considerable difference in both time and space domains. Wave spectra for Tropical Storm Isidore showed distinct peaks for both swell and wind-driven waves. The wave spectra for Hurricane Lili demonstrated complicated multiple peaks throughout the entire frequency domain. Swells with longer periods tended to survive longer in the space domain and shorter in the time domain. Hurricane Lili generated 1.4 meters of storm surge at CSI 3. The surges appeared lower than modeled estimates.
Subjects/Keywords: Louisiana coast; ocean observing system; coastal GIS; boundary layer; tropical cyclone; wave; surge; current
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APA (6th Edition):
Zhang, X. (2003). Design and implementation of an ocean observing system: WAVCIS (Wave-Current-Surge Information System) and its application to the Louisiana coast. (Doctoral Dissertation). Louisiana State University. Retrieved from etd-0708103-012004 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/1270
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Zhang, Xiongping. “Design and implementation of an ocean observing system: WAVCIS (Wave-Current-Surge Information System) and its application to the Louisiana coast.” 2003. Doctoral Dissertation, Louisiana State University. Accessed January 16, 2021.
etd-0708103-012004 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/1270.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Zhang, Xiongping. “Design and implementation of an ocean observing system: WAVCIS (Wave-Current-Surge Information System) and its application to the Louisiana coast.” 2003. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Zhang X. Design and implementation of an ocean observing system: WAVCIS (Wave-Current-Surge Information System) and its application to the Louisiana coast. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Louisiana State University; 2003. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: etd-0708103-012004 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/1270.
Council of Science Editors:
Zhang X. Design and implementation of an ocean observing system: WAVCIS (Wave-Current-Surge Information System) and its application to the Louisiana coast. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Louisiana State University; 2003. Available from: etd-0708103-012004 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/1270
Colorado State University
11.
Thompson, Elizabeth J.
Tropical warm pool rainfall variability and impact on upper ocean variability throughout the Madden-Julian Oscillation.
Degree: PhD, Atmospheric Science, 2016, Colorado State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/173341
► Heating and rain freshening often stabilize the upper tropical ocean, bringing the ocean mixed layer depth to the sea surface. Thin mixed layer depths concentrate…
(more)
▼ Heating and rain freshening often stabilize the upper
tropical ocean, bringing the ocean mixed
layer depth to the sea surface. Thin mixed
layer depths concentrate subsequent fluxes of heat, momentum, and freshwater in a thin
layer. Rapid heating and cooling of the
tropical sea surface is important for controlling or triggering atmospheric convection. Ocean mixed
layer depth and SST variability due to rainfall events have not been as comprehensively explored as the ocean’s response to heating or momentum fluxes, but are very important to understand in the
tropical warm pool where precipitation exceeds evaporation and many climate phenomena such as ENSO and the MJO (Madden Julian Oscillation) originate. The first part of the dissertation investigates
tropical, oceanic convective and stratiform rainfall variability and determines how to most accurately estimate rainfall accumulation with radar from each rain type. The second, main part of the dissertation uses central Indian Ocean salinity and temperature microstructure measurements and surrounding radar-derived rainfall maps throughout two DYNAMO MJO events to determine the impact of precipitating systems on upper-ocean mixed
layer depth and resulting SST variability. The ocean mixed
layer was as shallow as 0-5 m during 528/1071 observation hours throughout 2 MJOs (54% of the data record). Out of 43 observation days, thirty-eight near-surface mixed
layer depth events were attributed to freshwater stabilization, called rain-formed mixed layers (RFLs). Thirty other mixed
layer stratification events were classified as diurnal warm layers (DWLs) due to stable temperature stratification by daytime heating. RFLs and DWLs were observed to interact in two ways: 1) RFLs fill preexisting DWLs and add to total near-surface mixed
layer stratification, which occurred ten times; 2) RFLs last long enough to heat, creating a new DWL on top of the RFL, which happened nine times. These combination stratification events were responsible for the highest SST warming rates and some of the highest SSTs leading up to the most active precipitation and wind stage of the each MJO. DWLs without RFL interaction helped produce the highest SSTs in suppressed MJO conditions. As storm intensity, frequency, duration, and the ability of storms to maintain stratiform rain areas increased, RFLS became more common in the disturbed and active MJO phases. Along with the barrier
layer, DWL and RFL stratification events helped suppress wind-mixing, cooling, and mixed
layer deepening throughout the MJO. We hypothesize that both salinity and temperature stratification events, and their interactions, are important for controlling SST variability and therefore MJO initiation in the Indian Ocean. Most RFLs were caused by submesoscale and mesoscale convective systems with stratiform rain components and local rain accumulations above 10 mm but with winds mostly below 8 m s-1. We hypothesize that the stratiform rain components of storms helped stratify the ocean by providing weak but widespread, steady, long-lived…
Advisors/Committee Members: Rutledge, Steven A. (advisor), Moum, James N. (advisor), Maloney, Eric D. (committee member), Johnson, Richard H. (committee member), Chandrasekar, V. (committee member), Fairall, Christopher W. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: buoyancy; rainfall; boundary layer; tropical warm pool; radar
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APA (6th Edition):
Thompson, E. J. (2016). Tropical warm pool rainfall variability and impact on upper ocean variability throughout the Madden-Julian Oscillation. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/173341
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Thompson, Elizabeth J. “Tropical warm pool rainfall variability and impact on upper ocean variability throughout the Madden-Julian Oscillation.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado State University. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10217/173341.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Thompson, Elizabeth J. “Tropical warm pool rainfall variability and impact on upper ocean variability throughout the Madden-Julian Oscillation.” 2016. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Thompson EJ. Tropical warm pool rainfall variability and impact on upper ocean variability throughout the Madden-Julian Oscillation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/173341.
Council of Science Editors:
Thompson EJ. Tropical warm pool rainfall variability and impact on upper ocean variability throughout the Madden-Julian Oscillation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/173341
Texas A&M University
12.
Wang, Yue.
The Effect of Teleconnections on North Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Precipitation.
Degree: MS, Geography, 2015, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155063
► This study identified how tropical cyclone precipitation (TCP) in the North Atlantic (NAT) varies in space and time. It also determined how climatic oscillations influence…
(more)
▼ This study identified how
tropical cyclone precipitation (TCP) in the North Atlantic (NAT) varies in space and time. It also determined how climatic oscillations influence TCP in the NAT using 14 years of satellite-derived (TRMM) precipitation data. The analysis focused on the entire NAT as well as the Gulf of Mexico (GMX), Caribbean (CAR), and East Coast (ECO) sub-basins.
Tropical cyclones (TC) contributed a mean of 76 mm of precipitation per year in the NAT. TCP is generally higher in the western and central NAT and little TCP occurs in the eastern NAT and south of 15°N latitude. The highest mean annual TCP occurs in the Gulf of Honduras (333 mm). Although there is substantial interannual variability in TCP, no statistically significant trends was detected in TCP volume, total rainfall, and TCP fraction in the NAT between 1998 and 2011. TCP is strongly correlated with TC frequency and intensity. Seasons with more frequent and intense TCs also receive more TCP.
The relationship between TCP and four climate oscillations (El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) and Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM)) was evaluated. AMM has the strongest influence on TCP, especially in the CAR region. The positive phase of AMM is related to increased TCP. NAO also has an influence on TCP, but the sign of the relationship varies by sub-basin because NAO influences the movement of TCs. TCP tends to increase (decrease) in the CAR (ECO) when NAO is positive. Although ENSO has an influence on TCP in NAT, it is not as strong as AMM or NAO. TCP is enhanced during La Niña phase and suppressed during El Niño phase. There is no obvious correlation between TCP and QBO.
Advisors/Committee Members: Quiring , Steven M. (advisor), Frauenfeld , Oliver W. (committee member), Korty, Robert (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Tropical cyclone precipitation; Teleconnection
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Wang, Y. (2015). The Effect of Teleconnections on North Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Precipitation. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155063
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wang, Yue. “The Effect of Teleconnections on North Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Precipitation.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155063.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wang, Yue. “The Effect of Teleconnections on North Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Precipitation.” 2015. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Wang Y. The Effect of Teleconnections on North Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Precipitation. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155063.
Council of Science Editors:
Wang Y. The Effect of Teleconnections on North Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Precipitation. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155063
North Carolina State University
13.
Hill, Kevin Anthony.
The Sensitivity of Tropical Cyclone Simulations in the WRF Model to Surface Layer and Planetary Boundary Layer Parameterization.
Degree: MS, Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, 2007, North Carolina State University
URL: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/2722
► The high wind speeds found in tropical cyclones fundamentally change the physical processes by which heat, moisture and momentum are transferred between the ocean and…
(more)
▼ The high wind speeds found in
tropical cyclones fundamentally change the physical processes by which heat, moisture and momentum are transferred between the ocean and the lower atmosphere. Despite this fact, surface and
boundary layer parameterization schemes in many numerical models that are frequently used for
tropical cyclone simulations are based on assumptions made in more tranquil atmospheric conditions. Limited observations in the high wind speed conditions found in strong
tropical cyclones suggest that spray and foam can enhance the transfer of heat and moisture from the ocean to the atmosphere, while reducing drag. Inclusion of the effects due to sea spray in a numerical model leads to stronger
tropical cyclones (Wang et al. 2001, Perrie et al. 2005).
Based upon the absence of sea spray effects and the values of the exchange coefficients in the WRF model, it was anticipated that simulations using an idealized vortex and ambient environment would not reach the thermodynamically estimated theoretical maximum intensity (MPI) limit of Emanuel (1986). In addition, it was expected that simulations of Hurricane Ivan would not reach the intensity of the observed storm. The sensitivity of the model results to surface
layer and PBL parameterization, and model grid spacing was tested, with the hypothesis that the simulated
tropical cyclones would remain weaker than MPI theory (for the idealized simulations) or observations (for the Hurricane Ivan studies) regardless of the model physical parameterization choice. Grid spacing was also hypothesized to impact the simulated TC intensity, with the expectation that simulations with smaller grid spacing would produce more intense TCs, based on the results of previous studies.
Simulated TC intensity is found to be highly sensitive to model grid spacing in experiments with Hurricane Ivan or with an idealized initial vortex. Simulations using 4-km grid spacing were able to produce TCs that exceeded the MPI of the idealized environment (determined by minimum sea level pressure), while simulations using coarser (12 or 36-km) grid spacing were not. Simulations of Hurricane Ivan using 4-km grid spacing, initialized with a vortex that was ˜60 hPa weaker than observations reached the maximum intensity of the observed system, and exceeded the observed intensity during the latter stages of the simulation. These results suggest that the WRF model, in its current configuration, overestimates TC intensity, especially with small values of horizontal grid spacing. If the exchange of moisture, heat and momentum were adjusted to more accurately portray the conditions found in high wind speed conditions, the idealized
tropical cyclone would likely exceed the theoretical MPI by an even larger amount. Therefore, it is concluded that some other aspect of the model formulation may lead to an overestimation of
tropical cyclone intensity, or that there are deficiencies in MPI theory.
In the near future, a version of the WRF model designed for the prediction of hurricanes (HWRF)…
Advisors/Committee Members: Gary M Lackmann, Committee Chair (advisor), Lian Xie, Committee Member (advisor), Sethu Raman, Committee Member (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: WRF; tropical cyclone; grid spacing; surface layer parameterization; ivan
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APA (6th Edition):
Hill, K. A. (2007). The Sensitivity of Tropical Cyclone Simulations in the WRF Model to Surface Layer and Planetary Boundary Layer Parameterization. (Thesis). North Carolina State University. Retrieved from http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/2722
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hill, Kevin Anthony. “The Sensitivity of Tropical Cyclone Simulations in the WRF Model to Surface Layer and Planetary Boundary Layer Parameterization.” 2007. Thesis, North Carolina State University. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/2722.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hill, Kevin Anthony. “The Sensitivity of Tropical Cyclone Simulations in the WRF Model to Surface Layer and Planetary Boundary Layer Parameterization.” 2007. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Hill KA. The Sensitivity of Tropical Cyclone Simulations in the WRF Model to Surface Layer and Planetary Boundary Layer Parameterization. [Internet] [Thesis]. North Carolina State University; 2007. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/2722.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Hill KA. The Sensitivity of Tropical Cyclone Simulations in the WRF Model to Surface Layer and Planetary Boundary Layer Parameterization. [Thesis]. North Carolina State University; 2007. Available from: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/2722
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
14.
Lee, Chia-Ying.
Understanding the Effect of Atmosphere-Wave-Ocean Coupling on Tropical Cyclone Structure.
Degree: PhD, Meteorology and Physical Oceanography (Marine), 2012, University of Miami
URL: https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/902
► It is well-recognized that tropical cyclone (TC) intensity is strongly modulated by air-sea interactions. However, how and to what extent air-sea interactions affect TC structure…
(more)
▼ It is well-recognized that
tropical cyclone (TC) intensity is strongly modulated by air-sea interactions. However, how and to what extent air-sea interactions affect TC structure remains an open question. The overall goal of this study is to better understand the physical processes of the atmosphere-wave-ocean couplings and their impact on TC structure. Because the
boundary layer connects the air-sea interface to TC convection, it is also important to understand how the couplings modulate
boundary layer structure. In this study, coupled atmosphere-(wave)-ocean models and observations from two field programs are used in this study: Coupled
Boundary Air-Sea Transfer (CBLAST, 2003-04), and Impact of Typhoons on the Ocean in the Pacific (ITOP, 2010). High-resolution numerical experiments with and without ocean and/or wave couplings are conducted for Hurricane Frances (2004), Typhoon Choiwan (2009), and Typhoon Fanapi (2010). Results show that both ocean- and wave-couplings cause significant changes in TC and TC
boundary layer structures. In particular, a stable
boundary layer forms over the storm-induced cold wake. Tracer and trajectory analyses in a coupled-model simulation suggest that the stable
boundary layer thermodynamically suppresses convection in and downstream of the cold wake, and dynamically causes the surface wind to turn further inward. The stabilized air tends to stay in the
boundary layer longer and penetrate further into the eyewall. This stabilized air then brings extra energy into the eyewall due to enhanced fluxes downstream of the cold wake. The
boundary layer in a TC has been seen as a passive
layer that is driven by both the TC vortex above and by the ocean underneath. This study shows that the
boundary layer, when in the presence of the storm-induced cold wake, can actively influence TC structure through the formation of an internal stable
boundary layer. Although the stable
boundary layer is a consequence of the TC-induced cold wake that has a negative impact on TC intensity, it appears counter-intuitive that the stable
boundary layer has a positive impact on TC intensity via this separate mechanism. In summary, we find that atmosphere-wave-ocean coupling affects
boundary layer structure and the physical properties of the near-surface air flow in TCs, which in turn changes the convective organization and eventually affects TC structure, energetics and intensity. This indicates that atmosphere-wave-ocean coupling affects TC structure via complex physical processes. Hence it is difficult to parameterize the atmosphere-wave-ocean coupling processes in TCs without a fully coupled model.
Advisors/Committee Members: Shuyi S. Chen, William M. Drennan, Mark A. Donelan, Jimy Dudhia, Ralph Foster, James F. Price, Chun-Chieh Wu.
Subjects/Keywords: tropical cyclone; hurricane; air-sea interaction; atmosphere-wave-ocean coupling; coupled model; wave; boundary layer; tracer; trajectory
…72
Tropical Cyclone Structure and Stable Boundary Layer in Super Typhoon
Choiwan… …surface waves on TC intensity and structure . . . . . . . 17
Atmospheric boundary layer in TCs… …22
2.2.1
Conventional definitions and the characteristics of the boundary
layer depth… …22
2.2.2
3
Boundary layer stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29… …Hurricane Boundary Layer Structure in TCs
44
4.1
Hurricane Frances (2004)…
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Lee, C. (2012). Understanding the Effect of Atmosphere-Wave-Ocean Coupling on Tropical Cyclone Structure. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Miami. Retrieved from https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/902
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lee, Chia-Ying. “Understanding the Effect of Atmosphere-Wave-Ocean Coupling on Tropical Cyclone Structure.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Miami. Accessed January 16, 2021.
https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/902.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lee, Chia-Ying. “Understanding the Effect of Atmosphere-Wave-Ocean Coupling on Tropical Cyclone Structure.” 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Lee C. Understanding the Effect of Atmosphere-Wave-Ocean Coupling on Tropical Cyclone Structure. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Miami; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/902.
Council of Science Editors:
Lee C. Understanding the Effect of Atmosphere-Wave-Ocean Coupling on Tropical Cyclone Structure. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Miami; 2012. Available from: https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/902
University of Queensland
15.
Kloetzke, Thomas.
Simulation and analysis of surface wind fields during landfalling tropical cyclones.
Degree: School of Civil Engineering, 2019, University of Queensland
URL: http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:9
Subjects/Keywords: Wind; Tropical cyclones; Tropical cyclone boundary layer; Near-surface wind field; Turbulence; Surface roughness; Terrain changes; Field campaigns; WRF model; Idealised TC simulations; 0401 Atmospheric Sciences; 0915 Interdisciplinary Engineering
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Kloetzke, T. (2019). Simulation and analysis of surface wind fields during landfalling tropical cyclones. (Thesis). University of Queensland. Retrieved from http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:9
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kloetzke, Thomas. “Simulation and analysis of surface wind fields during landfalling tropical cyclones.” 2019. Thesis, University of Queensland. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:9.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kloetzke, Thomas. “Simulation and analysis of surface wind fields during landfalling tropical cyclones.” 2019. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Kloetzke T. Simulation and analysis of surface wind fields during landfalling tropical cyclones. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Queensland; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:9.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Kloetzke T. Simulation and analysis of surface wind fields during landfalling tropical cyclones. [Thesis]. University of Queensland; 2019. Available from: http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:9
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Princeton University
16.
Hsieh, Tsung-Lin.
Theory and hierarchical modeling of tropical and extratropical cyclones
.
Degree: PhD, 2020, Princeton University
URL: http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp01t435gh05w
► Aspects of tropical and extratropical cyclone dynamics and their relationships with the climate are investigated. Theoretical advances are made in the development of analytical approximations…
(more)
▼ Aspects of
tropical and extratropical
cyclone dynamics and their relationships with the climate are investigated. Theoretical advances are made in the development of analytical approximations verified in model experiments designed with hierarchical levels of process representation. Starting with the quasi-geostrophic theory, a new regime of solutions is investigated, which challenges the classical theories of wave-mean flow interaction. The results show the emergence of surface easterlies in the baroclinic zone, as opposed to the Earth-like surface westerlies, in the parameter space where the quasi-linear approximation of the large-scale midlatitude circulation breaks down.
With an increased level of complexity, a theory is developed to connect the convection-scale moist dynamics with the synoptic-scale circulation of a mature baroclinic
cyclone. Verified in a quasi-steady simulation of a moist baroclinic
cyclone, the theory establishes limits within which a rescaling of nonhydrostatic dynamics improves the representation of convection in global climate models.
A diagnostic theory is developed to explain the frequency of
tropical cyclones simulated in global climate models. The complex relationship between the
cyclone frequency and the large-scale circulation is simplified by decomposing the
cyclone development process. A hierarchy of model experiments are conducted to isolate specific processes and to evaluate the corresponding components in the theory. The theory is applied to realistic simulations of historical and future climates, as well as observational
tropical cyclone records. Physical interpretations are established regarding the diversity of
tropical cyclone simulations across models and the projected frequency in response to various global warming perturbations.
Advisors/Committee Members: Garner, Stephen T (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Baroclinic cyclone;
Climate model;
Nonhydrostatic dynamics;
Quasi-geostrophic turbulence;
Tropical cyclone
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APA (6th Edition):
Hsieh, T. (2020). Theory and hierarchical modeling of tropical and extratropical cyclones
. (Doctoral Dissertation). Princeton University. Retrieved from http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp01t435gh05w
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hsieh, Tsung-Lin. “Theory and hierarchical modeling of tropical and extratropical cyclones
.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, Princeton University. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp01t435gh05w.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hsieh, Tsung-Lin. “Theory and hierarchical modeling of tropical and extratropical cyclones
.” 2020. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Hsieh T. Theory and hierarchical modeling of tropical and extratropical cyclones
. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Princeton University; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp01t435gh05w.
Council of Science Editors:
Hsieh T. Theory and hierarchical modeling of tropical and extratropical cyclones
. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Princeton University; 2020. Available from: http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp01t435gh05w
University of Utah
17.
Alvey, George Robert.
Tropical cyclone intensity change: evaluating the effects of inner core precipitation properties and environmental influences.
Degree: MS, Atmospheric Sciences, 2015, University of Utah
URL: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/3843/rec/2798
► Despite improvements in recent years, tropical cyclone intensity change, and in particular differentiating intensification rates (especially rapid intensification, RI), remains an unresolved issue. Studies have…
(more)
▼ Despite improvements in recent years, tropical cyclone intensity change, and in particular differentiating intensification rates (especially rapid intensification, RI), remains an unresolved issue. Studies have quantified the importance of both environmental and convective properties with respect to intensity change; however, conjoined analyses have been rare. Using 15 years (1998-2012) of analysis information for Atlantic and East Pacific storms, we analyze environmental conditions to determine a threshold in which intensification is plausible. In conjunction with the environmental dataset, an expansive collection of passive microwave satellite data is used to investigate the relative importance of various convective properties (specifically those proxies for convective intensity, symmetry, and area). The Tropical Cyclone - Passive Microwave dataset (TC-PMW) statistics, and in particular, the spatial distributions of precipitation and intense convection (proxied using 85-91 GHz polarization corrected temperatures), are related to environmental conditions in an analysis of storms that meet the ""plausible"" threshold. Storms with higher intensification rates (including RI) are found to have more ""intense"" near center convection and more asymmetric distributions of precipitation prior to intensification onset (but also a greater overall areal coverage). The rate of symmetrization prior to and during intensification increases with increasing intensity change, and rapidly intensifying storms are more symmetric than slowly intensifying storms after onset. While results clearly demonstrate important contributions from intense convection, it is concluded that hot towers, alone, are neither a necessary nor sufficient condition for RI. Of possibly greater importance, intensification is more strongly correlated to the evolution of the areal, radial, and symmetric distribution of precipitation. In addition, while intensification is sensitive to changes in environmental characteristics, these variables, alone, do not consistently offer predictive value in distinguishing 24-hour intensity changes in 10-kt increments (hence the emphasis on convective and precipitation characteristics).
Subjects/Keywords: hurricane; intensification; precipitation; satellite; tropical cyclone
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APA (6th Edition):
Alvey, G. R. (2015). Tropical cyclone intensity change: evaluating the effects of inner core precipitation properties and environmental influences. (Masters Thesis). University of Utah. Retrieved from http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/3843/rec/2798
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Alvey, George Robert. “Tropical cyclone intensity change: evaluating the effects of inner core precipitation properties and environmental influences.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Utah. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/3843/rec/2798.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Alvey, George Robert. “Tropical cyclone intensity change: evaluating the effects of inner core precipitation properties and environmental influences.” 2015. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Alvey GR. Tropical cyclone intensity change: evaluating the effects of inner core precipitation properties and environmental influences. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Utah; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/3843/rec/2798.
Council of Science Editors:
Alvey GR. Tropical cyclone intensity change: evaluating the effects of inner core precipitation properties and environmental influences. [Masters Thesis]. University of Utah; 2015. Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/3843/rec/2798
University of Utah
18.
Li, Zhan.
Studying the genesis of typhoon Nuri (2008) with numerical simulations and data assimilation.
Degree: PhD, Atmospheric Sciences, 2013, University of Utah
URL: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/3482/rec/2297
► Forecasting tropical cyclone (TC) genesis is a challenging problem. Thisdissertation attempts to understand the following questions through studying the genesisof Typhoon Nuri (2008) with numerical…
(more)
▼ Forecasting tropical cyclone (TC) genesis is a challenging problem. Thisdissertation attempts to understand the following questions through studying the genesisof Typhoon Nuri (2008) with numerical simulations and data assimilation: 1) What arethe atmospheric conditions and processes that contribute to Nuri’s genesis and early rapidintensification? 2) To what extent can data assimilation improve the forecasts of Nuri’sgenesis?To address the first question, numerical simulations of Nuri’s genesis areconducted using an advanced research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model. First, initial and boundary conditions derived from two global analyses arefound to lead to remarkably different simulations of Nuri’s genesis in developing andnondeveloping cases. It is also found that the convective development into the pre-Nuricore region is a critical process for Nuri’s genesis. A strong midlevel vortex and a moistenvironment provide the favorable conditions for the convective development. Inducedby the persistent deep convection, diabatic heating at upper levels is produced from latentheat release. This substantial warming at upper levels results in the drop in Nuri’sminimum central sea level pressure.Next, the sensitivity of numerical simulations of Nuri’s genesis to the modelhorizontal resolution is examined. Results show that the simulation at a coarse-resolution(e.g., 12 km) better predicts Nuri’s rapid intensification than that at a higher resolution(e.g., 4 km). Specifically, the simulation at the coarser resolution produces strongconvective bursts and diabatic heating in the inner core region and also stronger warmingin the upper atmosphere, thus leading to a lower minimum sea level pressure (MSLP).Further experiments suggest that an appropriate microphysics scheme (e.g., the twomomentMorrison scheme) and a later initialization time (after Nuri’s early development)could help the high-resolution simulation better capture Nuri’s rapid intensification.Finally, numerical experiments are conducted to examine the impact of radar dataassimilation on numerical simulations of Nuri’s genesis using a four-dimensionalvariational data assimilation (4D-VAR) method. The radar data assimilation results insignificant improvements in the numerical simulation of Nuri’s genesis. Severalconfigurations of data assimilation are evaluated. Specifically, assimilation of radialvelocity leads to more improvement in intensity forecasts, whereas track forecasts arebetter simulated by the assimilation of radar-retrieved wind components. Improvedanalysis and forecasts are obtained when both radial velocity and retrieved winds areassimilated. In addition, 4D-VAR performs better than three-dimensional variational dataassimilation (3D-VAR) in radar data assimilation. The positive impact of radar dataassimilation can be attributed to the improved simulations of convective evolution andthe enhanced midlevel vortex and moisture conditions.
Subjects/Keywords: Data assimilation; Numerical simulation; Tropical cyclone genesis
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Li, Z. (2013). Studying the genesis of typhoon Nuri (2008) with numerical simulations and data assimilation. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Utah. Retrieved from http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/3482/rec/2297
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Li, Zhan. “Studying the genesis of typhoon Nuri (2008) with numerical simulations and data assimilation.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Utah. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/3482/rec/2297.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Li, Zhan. “Studying the genesis of typhoon Nuri (2008) with numerical simulations and data assimilation.” 2013. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Li Z. Studying the genesis of typhoon Nuri (2008) with numerical simulations and data assimilation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Utah; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/3482/rec/2297.
Council of Science Editors:
Li Z. Studying the genesis of typhoon Nuri (2008) with numerical simulations and data assimilation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Utah; 2013. Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/3482/rec/2297
Penn State University
19.
Green, Benjamin Weiss.
Multi-scale Processes Leading to Supercells in the Landfalling Outer Rainbands of Hurricane Katrina (2005).
Degree: 2011, Penn State University
URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/12558
► Shallow supercells are frequently observed within the outer rainbands – both onshore and offshore – of landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs). Such supercells can produce tornadoes…
(more)
▼ Shallow supercells are frequently observed within the outer rainbands – both onshore and offshore – of landfalling
tropical cyclones (TCs). Such supercells can produce tornadoes along the coast even when the center of the parent TC is hundreds of kilometers from land, as was the case with Hurricane Katrina (2005). A convection-permitting simulation with 1.5-km grid spacing in the innermost domain is used in conjunction with radar, radiosonde, and surface observations to investigate the multi-scale conditions conducive to supercells in the landfalling outer rainbands of Katrina. Several hours before the eye of the TC made landfall, a baroclinic zone developed along the coast; this front strongly influenced the horizontal distributions of cell-relative helicity and CAPE such that the largest values of these parameters were located over land and water, respectively. An example of a tornadic supercell in the outer rainbands of Katrina is examined. This cell intensified just before landfall and spawned a tornado along the coast, demonstrating the ability of baroclinic boundaries to enhance low-level horizontal vorticity and subsequently intensify updraft rotation within passing cells. Farther inland, the tornadic cell weakened rapidly, suggesting the presence of a narrow coastal zone in which both shear and buoyancy are favorable for tornadogenesis.
Advisors/Committee Members: Fuqing Zhang, Thesis Advisor/Co-Advisor, Fuqing Zhang, Thesis Advisor/Co-Advisor.
Subjects/Keywords: tropical cyclone; hurricane; Hurricane Katrina; tornado; supercell
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APA (6th Edition):
Green, B. W. (2011). Multi-scale Processes Leading to Supercells in the Landfalling Outer Rainbands of Hurricane Katrina (2005). (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/12558
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Green, Benjamin Weiss. “Multi-scale Processes Leading to Supercells in the Landfalling Outer Rainbands of Hurricane Katrina (2005).” 2011. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed January 16, 2021.
https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/12558.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Green, Benjamin Weiss. “Multi-scale Processes Leading to Supercells in the Landfalling Outer Rainbands of Hurricane Katrina (2005).” 2011. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Green BW. Multi-scale Processes Leading to Supercells in the Landfalling Outer Rainbands of Hurricane Katrina (2005). [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/12558.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Green BW. Multi-scale Processes Leading to Supercells in the Landfalling Outer Rainbands of Hurricane Katrina (2005). [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2011. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/12558
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee
20.
Schaffer, Jesse.
Using Evolutionary Programming to Generate a Tropical Cyclone Intensity Model.
Degree: MS, Atmospheric Science, 2019, University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee
URL: https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/2118
► An innovative statistical-dynamical tropical cyclone (TC) intensity model is developed from a large ensemble of algorithms through evolutionary programming (EP). EP mimics the evolutionary…
(more)
▼ An innovative statistical-dynamical
tropical cyclone (TC) intensity model is developed from a large ensemble of algorithms through evolutionary programming (EP). EP mimics the evolutionary principles of genetic information, reproduction, and mutation to develop through selective pressure a population of algorithms with skillful predictor combinations. From this process the 100 most skillful algorithms as determined by root-mean square error on cross-validation data is kept and bias corrected. Bayesian model combination is then used to assign individual weights to a subset of ten algorithms from the 100 best algorithms list, which are chosen to minimize mean-absolute error (MAE) and maximize mean-absolute difference across the selected algorithms. This results in combining both skillful and diverse algorithms, which together produce a forecast that is superior in skill to that from any individual algorithm. Using these methods and a perfect-prognostic approach, two similar but distinctly separate TC intensity models are developed to forecast for TC intensity every 12 h out to 120 h, with one forecasting TC intensity for the North Atlantic basin and the other for the east/central North Pacific basins. Results show improvements as defined by MAE over the “no skill” Decay Statistical Hurricane Intensity Forecast (OCD5) climatology/persistence model in the North Atlantic basin out to 96 h. In the east/central Pacific basins performance over the 12-24 h lead-time is similar to the OCD5, while at later lead times performance drops below that of OCD5. Specific case studies are analyzed to give more insight into the behavior and performance of the models.
Advisors/Committee Members: Paul Roebber, Clark Evans.
Subjects/Keywords: Evolutionary Programming; Tropical Cyclone; Atmospheric Sciences
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Schaffer, J. (2019). Using Evolutionary Programming to Generate a Tropical Cyclone Intensity Model. (Thesis). University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee. Retrieved from https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/2118
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Schaffer, Jesse. “Using Evolutionary Programming to Generate a Tropical Cyclone Intensity Model.” 2019. Thesis, University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee. Accessed January 16, 2021.
https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/2118.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Schaffer, Jesse. “Using Evolutionary Programming to Generate a Tropical Cyclone Intensity Model.” 2019. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Schaffer J. Using Evolutionary Programming to Generate a Tropical Cyclone Intensity Model. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/2118.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Schaffer J. Using Evolutionary Programming to Generate a Tropical Cyclone Intensity Model. [Thesis]. University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee; 2019. Available from: https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/2118
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee
21.
Schaffer, Jesse.
Using Evolutionary Programming to Generate a Tropical Cyclone Intensity Model.
Degree: MS, Atmospheric Science, 2019, University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee
URL: https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/2246
► An innovative statistical-dynamical tropical cyclone (TC) intensity model is developed from a large ensemble of algorithms through evolutionary programming (EP). EP mimics the evolutionary…
(more)
▼ An innovative statistical-dynamical
tropical cyclone (TC) intensity model is developed from a large ensemble of algorithms through evolutionary programming (EP). EP mimics the evolutionary principles of genetic information, reproduction, and mutation to develop through selective pressure a population of algorithms with skillful predictor combinations. From this process the 100 most skillful algorithms as determined by root-mean square error on cross-validation data is kept and bias corrected. Bayesian model combination is then used to assign individual weights to a subset of ten algorithms from the 100 best algorithms list, which are chosen to minimize mean-absolute error (MAE) and maximize mean-absolute difference across the selected algorithms. This results in combining both skillful and diverse algorithms, which together produce a forecast that is superior in skill to that from any individual algorithm. Using these methods and a perfect-prognostic approach, two similar but distinctly separate TC intensity models are developed to forecast for TC intensity every 12 h out to 120 h, with one forecasting TC intensity for the North Atlantic basin and the other for the east/central North Pacific basins. Results show improvements as defined by MAE over the “no skill” Decay Statistical Hurricane Intensity Forecast (OCD5) climatology/persistence model in the North Atlantic basin out to 96 h. In the east/central Pacific basins performance over the 12-24 h lead-time is similar to the OCD5, while at later lead times performance drops below that of OCD5. Specific case studies are analyzed to give more insight into the behavior and performance of the models.
Advisors/Committee Members: Paul Roebber, Clark Evans.
Subjects/Keywords: Evolutionary Programming; Tropical Cyclone; Atmospheric Sciences
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Schaffer, J. (2019). Using Evolutionary Programming to Generate a Tropical Cyclone Intensity Model. (Thesis). University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee. Retrieved from https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/2246
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Schaffer, Jesse. “Using Evolutionary Programming to Generate a Tropical Cyclone Intensity Model.” 2019. Thesis, University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee. Accessed January 16, 2021.
https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/2246.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Schaffer, Jesse. “Using Evolutionary Programming to Generate a Tropical Cyclone Intensity Model.” 2019. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Schaffer J. Using Evolutionary Programming to Generate a Tropical Cyclone Intensity Model. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/2246.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Schaffer J. Using Evolutionary Programming to Generate a Tropical Cyclone Intensity Model. [Thesis]. University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee; 2019. Available from: https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/2246
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Miami
22.
Komaromi, William A.
Synoptic Sensitivity Analysis of Typhoon Sinlaku (2008) and Hurricane Ike (2008).
Degree: MS, Meteorology and Physical Oceanography (Marine), 2010, University of Miami
URL: https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/61
► This thesis seeks to identify locations in which errors in numerical model initial conditions may compromise skill in tropical cyclone (TC) track forecasts. Two…
(more)
▼ This thesis seeks to identify locations in which errors in numerical model initial conditions may compromise skill in
tropical cyclone (TC) track forecasts. Two major TCs that made landfall in 2008 are analyzed: Hurricane Ike and Typhoon Sinlaku. In order to examine the sensitivity of the TC to selected synoptic features, a vorticity perturbation technique is developed. Within a chosen radius and atmospheric depth, the vorticity is amplified or decreased, followed by a re-balancing of the fields. The following questions are proposed: (1) How does the TC track vary with respect to initial perturbations of differing amplitude, spatial scale and distance to the storm? (2) How does the evolving perturbation act to modify the synoptic environment surrounding the TC, and thereby the track? (3) Is it best to follow an objective technique to determine the sensitive areas, or is it better to use a subjective method based on fundamental synoptic reasoning? Utilizing the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, the "control" simulation for each TC is found to replicate forecast errors evident in the operational global models. For Sinlaku, this includes a premature recurvature in the forecast. For Ike, this comprises a landfall too far south along the Texas coast due to no recurvature being forecast. The size, magnitude and location of vorticity perturbations to the control analysis are chosen subjectively. For Sinlaku, these locations include a large mid-latitude shortwave trough around 3000 km to the north-northwest, a smaller upper-level shortwave immediately to the north, a low-level monsoon trough to the west-southwest, a weak
tropical storm to the northeast, and a local perturbation in the immediate environment. It is found that WRF forecasts of Sinlaku exhibit high sensitivity, with large modifications to its track arising from the perturbation of each selected targets in the synoptic environment. The greatest improvement in the track forecast occurs by weakening the vorticity associated with each of two shortwaves to the north of Sinlaku, suggesting that either or both of the shortwaves may have been initialized too strongly in the model analysis, thereby contributing to an erroneous recurvature. For Ike, the perturbation locations include a large mid-latitude shortwave trough 2500 km to its north, an upper-level cutoff low to the east-northeast, a low-level shortwave trough to the northwest, a
tropical storm in the East Pacific, and a local perturbation in the immediate environment. In contrast to Sinlaku, the perturbation of synoptic targets around Ike produces less sensitivity, likely due to the fact that Ike is not in a position of imminent recurvature. The only perturbation that leads to an accurate 4-day forecast of recurvature and landfall in North Texas is the strengthening of the large mid-latitude shortwave trough, suggesting that the shortwave may have been initialized too weakly in the operational models. Finally, a comparison of targets selected objectively by the Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter…
Advisors/Committee Members: Sharanya J. Majumdar, David S. Nolan, Rolf H. Langland, Christopher S. Velden.
Subjects/Keywords: Synoptic; Sensitivity; Hurricane; Typhoon; Tropical Cyclone; Meteorology
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APA (6th Edition):
Komaromi, W. A. (2010). Synoptic Sensitivity Analysis of Typhoon Sinlaku (2008) and Hurricane Ike (2008). (Thesis). University of Miami. Retrieved from https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/61
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Komaromi, William A. “Synoptic Sensitivity Analysis of Typhoon Sinlaku (2008) and Hurricane Ike (2008).” 2010. Thesis, University of Miami. Accessed January 16, 2021.
https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/61.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Komaromi, William A. “Synoptic Sensitivity Analysis of Typhoon Sinlaku (2008) and Hurricane Ike (2008).” 2010. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Komaromi WA. Synoptic Sensitivity Analysis of Typhoon Sinlaku (2008) and Hurricane Ike (2008). [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Miami; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/61.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Komaromi WA. Synoptic Sensitivity Analysis of Typhoon Sinlaku (2008) and Hurricane Ike (2008). [Thesis]. University of Miami; 2010. Available from: https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/61
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Victoria
23.
Hyungeun, Shin.
Effect of equatorially trapped waves on the tropical cyclone drift.
Degree: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, 2019, University of Victoria
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1828/11211
► The movement of tropical cyclones (TC) is studied numerically based on a two-dimensional barotropic model, using a previously developed non-oscillatory balanced scheme. The model of…
(more)
▼ The movement of
tropical cyclones (TC) is studied numerically based on a two-dimensional barotropic model, using a previously developed non-oscillatory balanced scheme. The model of TC used here takes an exponential form, and its size and strength are selected to be of a middle scale. Without a background flow, TCs move in the northwest direction due to the beta effect. The amplitudes of high wavenumber modes of the asymmetric flow, that are believed to be responsible for the TC drift, are computed using Fourier analysis. The amplitude of wavenumber one and two modes are dominant, so they are indicators of beta conversion of energy. Also, the effect of the monsoon trough on the TC movement is investigated. The results show a sudden change of the TC propagation path, consistent with earlier work. These two studies correspond to previous works. Here, the effect of equatorially trapped waves such as Kelvin, Rossby, and Mixed Rossby Gravity, on the TC path is newly studied by varying the wavenumber and wave speed of the underlying waves. The effect of the waves is considered because they are believed to contribute to cyclogenesis. For studying the effect, the barotropic flow induced by these waves via momentum transport and its variation were simulated for 50 days, and some patterns are found in the change of maximum wind speed. At a given time during the simulation, a TC is injected and the effect of the background wave is analyzed. Using the wavefield of 11 cases from 10 days to 30 days, the trajectories are calculated, and their patterns appear to be stochastic. So, the patterns are identified by calculating the mean path and its spread. The trajectories of TCs are different for different time of the waves. Kelvin waves make small variations on the length and direction of the trajectory of TCs. On the contrary, Rossby waves cause a dramatic change in the TC path and yield longer trajectories. Meanwhile, TCs in MRG waves keep fairly the same direction and usually have longer traveling distance. These changes vary by wave conditions. Therefore, the three kinds of waves have different effects on the trajectories of the TC. For some peculiar cases, the movements are explained based on wavefields.
Advisors/Committee Members: Khouider, Boualem (supervisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Tropical cyclone; Equatorially trapped wave; Barotropic model
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APA (6th Edition):
Hyungeun, S. (2019). Effect of equatorially trapped waves on the tropical cyclone drift. (Masters Thesis). University of Victoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1828/11211
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hyungeun, Shin. “Effect of equatorially trapped waves on the tropical cyclone drift.” 2019. Masters Thesis, University of Victoria. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1828/11211.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hyungeun, Shin. “Effect of equatorially trapped waves on the tropical cyclone drift.” 2019. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Hyungeun S. Effect of equatorially trapped waves on the tropical cyclone drift. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Victoria; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1828/11211.
Council of Science Editors:
Hyungeun S. Effect of equatorially trapped waves on the tropical cyclone drift. [Masters Thesis]. University of Victoria; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1828/11211
Princeton University
24.
Ng, Ching Ho Justin.
On The Seasonal Predictability of East Asian Rainfall and Rapidly Intensifying North Atlantic Tropical Cyclones
.
Degree: PhD, 2019, Princeton University
URL: http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp017s75dg29g
► The provision of accurate weather and climate predictions at timescales of days to decades has been a major research goal in atmospheric and oceanic sciences.…
(more)
▼ The provision of accurate weather and climate predictions at timescales of days to decades has been a major research goal in atmospheric and oceanic sciences. This dissertation explores the issue of 'seasonal predictability', the potential of the climate system being predicted a season in advance. The studies in this dissertation examine the seasonal predictability of two aspects of the climate system: (1) rainfall, including its extremes; and (2)
tropical cyclones (TCs), particularly those that undergo rapid intensification (RI).
The first study examines the response of rainfall in East Asia to the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, and demonstrates an asymmetric response of rainfall to ENSO along the southeastern coast of China during boreal fall/winter. Anomalous rainfall is observed during both El Nino and La Nina compared to the ENSO-Neutral phase. We argue that precipitation anomalies during El Nino arise from anomalous onshore moisture fluxes, while those during La Nina are driven by the persistence of terrestrial moisture anomalies from earlier excess rainfall in this region, highlighting the role of land-atmosphere interactions in maintaining ENSO-climate teleconnections.
The second study explores the observational connections between the large-scale environment and the seasonal statistics of rapidly intensifying North Atlantic TCs. For TCs in the Central/Eastern
tropical North Atlantic, the interannual variability of their probability to experience RI is influenced by the seasonal large-scale environment, but not for TCs over the Gulf of Mexico and Western Caribbean Seas. We suggest that this differentiated response is due to the former region exhibiting negatively correlated seasonal anomalies of vertical wind shear and potential intensity. This motivates a subsequent chapter, which examines the physical mechanisms behind the negative correlation, and applies the findings to global TC basins.
The final chapter extends the environmental controls on RI to numerical models, and explores: (1) the simulation of the seasonal large-scale environment in climate models, as an indirect means of RI seasonal predictability; (2) the role of large-scale environmental biases in TC intensity biases in weather forecast models. Assessment of RI predictability through weather and climate models will contribute to the long-term research effort in TC modeling and prediction.
Advisors/Committee Members: Vecchi, Gabriel A (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: rainfall;
rapid intensification;
seasonal predictability;
tropical cyclone
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MLA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Ng, C. H. J. (2019). On The Seasonal Predictability of East Asian Rainfall and Rapidly Intensifying North Atlantic Tropical Cyclones
. (Doctoral Dissertation). Princeton University. Retrieved from http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp017s75dg29g
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ng, Ching Ho Justin. “On The Seasonal Predictability of East Asian Rainfall and Rapidly Intensifying North Atlantic Tropical Cyclones
.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Princeton University. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp017s75dg29g.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ng, Ching Ho Justin. “On The Seasonal Predictability of East Asian Rainfall and Rapidly Intensifying North Atlantic Tropical Cyclones
.” 2019. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Ng CHJ. On The Seasonal Predictability of East Asian Rainfall and Rapidly Intensifying North Atlantic Tropical Cyclones
. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Princeton University; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp017s75dg29g.
Council of Science Editors:
Ng CHJ. On The Seasonal Predictability of East Asian Rainfall and Rapidly Intensifying North Atlantic Tropical Cyclones
. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Princeton University; 2019. Available from: http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp017s75dg29g
Princeton University
25.
Ballinger, Andrew Peter.
Tropical Cyclone Activity in an Aquaplanet General Circulation Model
.
Degree: PhD, 2015, Princeton University
URL: http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp018623j105j
► Understanding the influence of large-scale environmental factors on tropical cyclone (TC) formation is a task of great scientific and societal importance. While much has been…
(more)
▼ Understanding the influence of large-scale environmental factors on
tropical cyclone (TC) formation is a task of great scientific and societal importance. While much has been learned about the genesis of
tropical cyclones over recent decades, a dynamical theory linking the annual global frequency of TCs to the large-scale environment remains elusive. This investigation is motivated by previous studies that have shown that future projections of TC activity will depend critically on the reliability of projections of the change in the pattern of sea surface temperature (SST).
Atmospheric general circulation models are now routinely run at sufficient resolution to enable the internal generation of TC-like disturbances within the simulations and can thus provide an important tool for investigating the behavior of TCs in different climates. This study employs an aquaplanet configuration of the High-Resolution Atmospheric Model (HiRAM) developed at NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory. Through systematically modifying HiRAM¿s lower
boundary condition, this research has explored the impact of changes in the meridional and zonal pattern of SST on the simulated TC activity.
Within these simulations we find that TCs prefer to form near 15N on the poleward flank of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). The underlying meridional SST pattern influences the position of the ITCZ, which in turn influences the frequency of TC genesis: the number of TCs increase as the mean ITCZ latitude shifts poleward. The changes in frequency can be related to both the upward mass flux and ambient vorticity of the large-scale environment.
The evolution of TC along-track intensity was also explored. The intensity of TCs decrease as the separation in the mean latitude of the maximum SST and ITCZ decreases. The average lifetime maximum intensity of TCs is positively related to the period of intensification and the latitude at which the maximum intensity is acquired.
With the introduction of a zonally asymmetric SST perturbation the TCs preferentially form over the regions of relatively warm SST. As the mean zonal gradient of SST increases the TC occurrence density increases over the warmest regions, however the total global frequency remains relatively insensitive to the zonal SST gradient.
Advisors/Committee Members: Held, Isaac M (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: aquaplanet;
HiRAM;
hurricane;
ITCZ;
SST;
tropical cyclone
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APA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Ballinger, A. P. (2015). Tropical Cyclone Activity in an Aquaplanet General Circulation Model
. (Doctoral Dissertation). Princeton University. Retrieved from http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp018623j105j
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ballinger, Andrew Peter. “Tropical Cyclone Activity in an Aquaplanet General Circulation Model
.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Princeton University. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp018623j105j.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ballinger, Andrew Peter. “Tropical Cyclone Activity in an Aquaplanet General Circulation Model
.” 2015. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Ballinger AP. Tropical Cyclone Activity in an Aquaplanet General Circulation Model
. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Princeton University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp018623j105j.
Council of Science Editors:
Ballinger AP. Tropical Cyclone Activity in an Aquaplanet General Circulation Model
. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Princeton University; 2015. Available from: http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp018623j105j
University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
26.
Fritz, Cody.
A numerical model study about the impacts of dry air on tropical cyclone formation.
Degree: MS, 0334, 2012, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/29479
► The impacts of dry air on tropical cyclone formation are examined in the numerical model simulations of ex-Gaston (2010) and pre-Fay (2008). The former can…
(more)
▼ The impacts of dry air on
tropical cyclone formation are examined in the numerical model simulations of ex-Gaston (2010) and pre-Fay (2008). The former can be regarded as a non-developing system as it failed to redevelop after being downgraded into a remnant low, and the latter developed into a
tropical cyclone despite lateral dry air entrainment and transient upper-level dry air intrusion. Backward trajectory analysis and water budget analysis show that vertical transport of dry air from the upper troposphere, where a well-defined wave pouch is absent, contributes to mid-level drying near the pouch center and the non-development of ex-Gaston. Water vapor budget analysis at the pre-genesis stage shows that vertical moisture advection plays the dominant role in moistening the free atmosphere. Persistent mid-level drying is shown to suppress deep convection and reduce moisture supply to the free atmosphere. Three-dimensional trajectory analysis based on the numerical simulation of Fay suggests that dry air entrained at the pouch periphery does not penetrate to the pouch center due to the weak mid-level inflow. Moreover, it is shown that dry air gets moistened as it is being wrapped into the wave pouch, and lateral entrainment in the middle troposphere thus does not suppress convection near the pouch center or prevent development of
tropical storm Fay.
Advisors/Committee Members: Wang, Zhuo (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: tropical cyclone; dry air impacts; pre-genesis
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APA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Fritz, C. (2012). A numerical model study about the impacts of dry air on tropical cyclone formation. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/29479
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Fritz, Cody. “A numerical model study about the impacts of dry air on tropical cyclone formation.” 2012. Thesis, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/29479.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Fritz, Cody. “A numerical model study about the impacts of dry air on tropical cyclone formation.” 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Fritz C. A numerical model study about the impacts of dry air on tropical cyclone formation. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/29479.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Fritz C. A numerical model study about the impacts of dry air on tropical cyclone formation. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/29479
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Miami
27.
Uhlhorn, Eric Walter.
Gulf of Mexico Loop Current Mechanical Energy and Vorticity Response to a Tropical Cyclone.
Degree: PhD, Meteorology and Physical Oceanography (Marine), 2008, University of Miami
URL: https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/81
► The ocean mixed layer response to a tropical cyclone within, and immediately adjacent to, the Gulf of Mexico Loop Current is examined using a…
(more)
▼ The ocean mixed
layer response to a
tropical cyclone within, and immediately adjacent to, the Gulf of Mexico Loop Current is examined using a combination of ocean profiles and a numerical model. A comprehensive set of temperature, salinity, and current profiles acquired from aircraft-deployed expendable probes is utilized to analyze the three-dimensional oceanic energy and circulation evolution in response to Hurricane Lili's (2002) passage. Mixed-
layer temperature analyses show that the Loop Current cooled storm, in contrast to typically observed larger decreases of 3-5 degrees C. Correspondingly, vertical current shears, which are partly responsible for entrainment mixing, were found to be up to 50% weaker, on average, than observed in previous studies within the directly-forced region. The Loop Current, which separates the warmer, lighter Caribbean Subtropical water from the cooler, heavier Gulf Common water, was found to decrease in intensity by -0.18 plus/minus 0.25 m/s over an approximately 10-day period within the mixed
layer. Contrary to previous
tropical cyclone ocean response studies which have assumed approximately horizontally homogeneous ocean strucutre prior to storm passage, a kinetic energy loss of 5.8 plus/minus 6.3 kJ/m
2, or approximately -1 wind stress-scaled energy unit, was observed. Using near-surface currents derived from satellite alimetery data, the Loop Current is found to vary similarly in magnitude, suggesting storm-generated energy is rapidly removed by the pre-exiting Loop Current. Further examination of the energy response using an idealized numerical model reveal that due to: 1) favorable coupling between the wind stress and pre-existing current vectors; and 2) wind-driven currents flowing across the large horizontal pressure gradient; wind energy transfer to mixed-
layer kinetic energy can be more efficient in these regimes as compared to the case of an initially horizontally homogeneous ocean. However, nearly all of this energy is removed by advection by 2 local inertial periods after storm passage, and little evidence of the storm's impact remains. Mixed-
layer vorticity within the idealized current also shows a strong direct response, but little evidence of an near-inertial wave wake results.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lynn K. Shay, Bruce A. Albrecht, Mark A. Donelan, Kevin D. Leaman, Peter G. Black.
Subjects/Keywords: Tropical Cyclone; Hurricane; Air-sea Interaction; Mixed Layer; Ocean Response; Mechanical Energy
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Uhlhorn, E. W. (2008). Gulf of Mexico Loop Current Mechanical Energy and Vorticity Response to a Tropical Cyclone. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Miami. Retrieved from https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/81
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Uhlhorn, Eric Walter. “Gulf of Mexico Loop Current Mechanical Energy and Vorticity Response to a Tropical Cyclone.” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Miami. Accessed January 16, 2021.
https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/81.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Uhlhorn, Eric Walter. “Gulf of Mexico Loop Current Mechanical Energy and Vorticity Response to a Tropical Cyclone.” 2008. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Uhlhorn EW. Gulf of Mexico Loop Current Mechanical Energy and Vorticity Response to a Tropical Cyclone. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Miami; 2008. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/81.
Council of Science Editors:
Uhlhorn EW. Gulf of Mexico Loop Current Mechanical Energy and Vorticity Response to a Tropical Cyclone. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Miami; 2008. Available from: https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/81
28.
Krishna Mohan,K S.
Environmental Influences on the Frequency and Intensity of North Indian Ocean Tropical Cyclones.
Degree: Atmospheric Sciences, 2013, Cochin University of Science and Technology
URL: http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/3682
► Tropical cyclones genesis, movement and intensification are highly dependent on its environment both oceanic and atmospheric. This thesis has made a detailed study on the…
(more)
▼ Tropical cyclones genesis, movement and intensification are highly dependent
on its environment both oceanic and atmospheric. This thesis has made a detailed
study on the environmental factors related to tropical cyclones of North Indian
Ocean basin. This ocean basin has produced only 6% of the global tropical
cyclones annually but it has caused maximum loss of human life associated with
the strong winds, heavy rain and particularly storm surges that accompany severe
cyclones as they strike the heavily populated coastal areas.
Atmospheric factors studied in the thesis are the moisture content of the
atmosphere, instability of the atmosphere that produces thunderstorms which
are the main source of energy for the tropical cyclone, vertical wind shear to
which cyclones are highly sensitive and the Sub-Tropical westerly Jetsteram and
its Asian high speed center. The oceanic parameters studied are sea surface
temperature and heat storage in the top layer of the ocean. A major portion of the
thesis has dealt with the three temporal variabilities of tropical cyclone frequency
namely intra-seasonal (mainly the influence of Madden Julian Oscillation), inter-
annual (the relation with El Nino Southern Oscillation) and decadal variabilities.
Regarding decadal variability, a prominent four decade oscillation in the frequency
of both tropical cyclones and monsoon depressions unique to the Indian Ocean
basin has been brought out.
The thesis consists of 9 chapters.
Cochin University of Science
and Technology
Subjects/Keywords: low pressure systems; Cyclone genesis; Tropical cyclones; Madden Julian Oscillation; Tropical Cyclone Gonu
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APA (6th Edition):
S, K. M. (2013). Environmental Influences on the Frequency and Intensity of North Indian Ocean Tropical Cyclones. (Thesis). Cochin University of Science and Technology. Retrieved from http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/3682
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
S, Krishna Mohan,K. “Environmental Influences on the Frequency and Intensity of North Indian Ocean Tropical Cyclones.” 2013. Thesis, Cochin University of Science and Technology. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/3682.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
S, Krishna Mohan,K. “Environmental Influences on the Frequency and Intensity of North Indian Ocean Tropical Cyclones.” 2013. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
S KM. Environmental Influences on the Frequency and Intensity of North Indian Ocean Tropical Cyclones. [Internet] [Thesis]. Cochin University of Science and Technology; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/3682.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
S KM. Environmental Influences on the Frequency and Intensity of North Indian Ocean Tropical Cyclones. [Thesis]. Cochin University of Science and Technology; 2013. Available from: http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/3682
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Indian Institute of Science
29.
Rai, Deepika.
Variation Of Marine Boundary Layer Characteristic Over Bay Of Bengal And Arabian Sea.
Degree: MSc Engg, Faculty of Engineering, 2016, Indian Institute of Science
URL: http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2532
► The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is the lowest layer of the atmosphere where surface effects are felt on time scales of about an hour. While…
(more)
▼ The atmospheric
boundary layer (ABL) is the lowest
layer of the atmosphere where surface effects are felt on time scales of about an hour. While its properties are determined by the surface characteristics, season and synoptic conditions, they in turn determine convective cloud properties and are required for the representation of cloud processes in atmospheric models. Further, interaction of the ABL with the surface
layer of the ocean is a key component of ocean-atmosphere coupling. ABL characteristics over ocean surrounding the sub-continent become very important for understanding the monsoon processes during the monsoon season because the roots of many monsoon systems, that give rain to India, are over there.
In this thesis data used are from three major field experiments namely the Bay of Bengal Monsoon Experiment (BOBMEX, 1999), Arabian Sea Monsoon Experiment (ARMEX, in two phases, ARMEX-I during 2002 and ARMEX-II in 2003), and Continental
Tropical Convergence Zone (CTCZ) experiment (Pilot in 2009) which were carried out under the Indian Climate Research Programme (ICRP). While there have been few studies on ABL characteristics for individual cruises, a comprehensive study considering all available radiosonde data from the above cruises has been missing. This study fills this gap and focuses on the vertical structure of ABL using more than 400 high resolution Vaisala GPS radiosonde data collected over Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea.
The study attempts at first to look at the ABL characteristics of individual cruises and then compare and contrast them over the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea. ABL height Hm, estimated by using virtual potential temperature (θv) profile, shows diurnal variation during weak phase of convection while maximum in early morning during active phase of convection. Different variables i.e. moist static energy (h), specific humidity (q),
convective available potential energy (CAPE), virtual potential temperature (θv) and equivalent potential temperature (θe) also differ during weak and active convection periods. Conserved variables mixing line approach gives the height up to which ground thermals penetrate in the vertical. This height, denoted by MH that represents the actual ABL height, is 2-3 times larger than Hm when shallow convective clouds are present. In general both Hm and MH are 20-30% larger over Arabian Sea compares to that over Bay of Bengal. Comparison of surface convective available potential energy (CAPE) and equivalent potential temperature (θe) between normal and deficit monsoon years shows that convective instability was as large in deficit years. This means that dynamic and not thermodynamics, controlled the occurrence of convection.
Advisors/Committee Members: Bhat, G S (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL); Bay of Bengal - Atmospheric Boundary Layer Characteristic; Arabian Sea - Atmsopheric Boundary Layer Characteristic; Boundary Layer (Meteorology); Planetary Boundary Layer; Indian Oceans - Monsoon - Surface Variables; Indian Oceans - Weather Conditions; Bay of Bengal Monsoon Experiment (BOBMEX); Arabian Sea Monsoon Experimet (ARMEX); Continental Tropical Convergence Zone (CTCZ); Weather Conditions and Surface Variables; Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE); Meteorology
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Rai, D. (2016). Variation Of Marine Boundary Layer Characteristic Over Bay Of Bengal And Arabian Sea. (Masters Thesis). Indian Institute of Science. Retrieved from http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2532
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Rai, Deepika. “Variation Of Marine Boundary Layer Characteristic Over Bay Of Bengal And Arabian Sea.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Indian Institute of Science. Accessed January 16, 2021.
http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2532.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Rai, Deepika. “Variation Of Marine Boundary Layer Characteristic Over Bay Of Bengal And Arabian Sea.” 2016. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Rai D. Variation Of Marine Boundary Layer Characteristic Over Bay Of Bengal And Arabian Sea. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Indian Institute of Science; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2532.
Council of Science Editors:
Rai D. Variation Of Marine Boundary Layer Characteristic Over Bay Of Bengal And Arabian Sea. [Masters Thesis]. Indian Institute of Science; 2016. Available from: http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2532
University of Notre Dame
30.
Brian Robert Helgans.
Turbulent Latent and Sensible Heat Flux in the Presence of
Evaporative Droplets</h1>.
Degree: Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth
Sciences, 2015, University of Notre Dame
URL: https://curate.nd.edu/show/p2676t07f4r
► Ocean spray could possibly influence hurricane intensity through latent and sensible heat exchanges yet these physics are not resolved by large scale hurricane simulations.…
(more)
▼ Ocean spray could possibly influence
hurricane intensity through latent and sensible heat exchanges yet
these physics are not resolved by large scale hurricane
simulations. The researchers use direct numerical simulations to
better resolve the small scale droplet physics. The simulations do
not simulate the entire hurricane
boundary layer but they do
explain in detail the energy coupling between air and spray to
provide physical insight. Three cases are simulated with and
without droplets. The authors find the droplets act as a bridge
between sensible and latent heat and they can influence the total
energy flux as well as change the distribution between latent and
sensible heat transfer under certain conditions. The sea spray does
not have an additive increase to sensible heat and latent heat
because some of the sensible energy is taken from the air and
transferred into energy carried by the vapor through the droplet
evaporative mechanisms.
Advisors/Committee Members: Harindra Fernando, Committee Member, Diogo Bolster, Committee Member.
Subjects/Keywords: Tropical cyclones; Energy budget; Enthalpy flux; Turbulent fluxes; Air-sea interaction; Surface fluxes; Atmosphere-ocean interaction; Marine boundary layer
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Helgans, B. R. (2015). Turbulent Latent and Sensible Heat Flux in the Presence of
Evaporative Droplets</h1>. (Thesis). University of Notre Dame. Retrieved from https://curate.nd.edu/show/p2676t07f4r
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Helgans, Brian Robert. “Turbulent Latent and Sensible Heat Flux in the Presence of
Evaporative Droplets</h1>.” 2015. Thesis, University of Notre Dame. Accessed January 16, 2021.
https://curate.nd.edu/show/p2676t07f4r.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Helgans, Brian Robert. “Turbulent Latent and Sensible Heat Flux in the Presence of
Evaporative Droplets</h1>.” 2015. Web. 16 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Helgans BR. Turbulent Latent and Sensible Heat Flux in the Presence of
Evaporative Droplets</h1>. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Notre Dame; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 16].
Available from: https://curate.nd.edu/show/p2676t07f4r.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Helgans BR. Turbulent Latent and Sensible Heat Flux in the Presence of
Evaporative Droplets</h1>. [Thesis]. University of Notre Dame; 2015. Available from: https://curate.nd.edu/show/p2676t07f4r
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
◁ [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] … [400] ▶
. 
Open Access Theses and Dissertations
