subject:(Toxicity)

University of Plymouth

1. Mohammadbakir, Sahib. Impacts of waterborne copper and silver on the early life stage (ELS) of zebrafish (Danio rerio) : physiological, biochemical and molecular responses.

Degree: PhD, 2016, University of Plymouth

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/5157

► Toxic metals are major pollutants of the aquatic environment and are able to cause survival impairment of the early life stage of the aquatic organisms.… (more)

▼ Toxic metals are major pollutants of the aquatic environment and are able to cause survival impairment of the early life stage of the aquatic organisms. They can affect the osmoregulatory system and electrolyte balance in fishes as well as the expression of genes which are essential in the formation and development of the organs at the early embryonic stages of development. There are a lack of studies concerning the toxic effects of waterborne copper and silver on the osmoregulation, electrolytes balance and expression the genes which are responsible for the formation and development of heart and metal binding proteins in the early life stage of zebrafish. The current study aimed to assess the toxic effects of waterborne concentrations of copper as an essential trace element, and silver as a non-essential trace element, on biochemical processes and the molecular biology of the early life stages (ELS) of zebrafish. The first experiment of the current study (Chapter 3) aimed: 1. to determine the time of nkx2.5 gene expression, a gene involved in cardiac development, relative to the time of embryonic development. 2. To assess the toxic concentration of the copper and most vulnerable and sensitive stage of the embryos < 1 hour post fertilization (hpf) exposed to the copper via water route. The result of the experiment showed that the expression of the nkx2.5 gene reached a maximum at 16 hpf. The first 10 hpf of the embryonic development was the most vulnerable and critical stage of the developing embryos, and characterized by increased mortality as copper concentration increased, and delayed and decreased hatching success. Exposure of embryos for 72 hpf to a concentration of 500 µg L-1 Cu increased heart rate, whereas the exposure of the embryos at the blastula stage only, showed decreases in heart rate. The third part of the experiment evaluated the protective effect of calcium as a major cation of water hardness on Cu toxicity. Embryos age < 2 hpf were exposed to copper (0, 100, 250, and 500 µg L-1), with or without added calcium (40 mg L-1). An increase in embryonic Cu accumulation was observed in live and dead embryos exposed to Cu, with and without added calcium. Calcium concentration increased with embryonic copper tissue concentration in dead embryos. Na+ and K+ concentrations were higher in live embryos compared to dead embryos, and a 4 fold decrease in Na+K+-ATPase activity was seen in live embryos exposed to copper compared to controls. There was no effect of copper on total glutathione. Expression of nkx2.5 as one of the essential genes for the formation and development of the heart increased significantly; approximately 10 fold in the presence of Cu+Ca in comparison to the unexposed control or Cu exposure alone. Whereas expression of mt2 increased significantly 6 fold compared to the control during Cu exposure without added Ca2+. The second experiment (Chapter 4) aimed to investigate the effect of the dissolved Ag+ as AgNO3 on the survival of the early life stage of zebrafish. Embryos < 2 hpf were exposed to…

Subjects/Keywords: Metal Toxicity

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mohammadbakir, S. (2016). Impacts of waterborne copper and silver on the early life stage (ELS) of zebrafish (Danio rerio) : physiological, biochemical and molecular responses. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Plymouth. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/5157

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mohammadbakir, Sahib. “Impacts of waterborne copper and silver on the early life stage (ELS) of zebrafish (Danio rerio) : physiological, biochemical and molecular responses.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Plymouth. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/5157.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mohammadbakir, Sahib. “Impacts of waterborne copper and silver on the early life stage (ELS) of zebrafish (Danio rerio) : physiological, biochemical and molecular responses.” 2016. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Mohammadbakir S. Impacts of waterborne copper and silver on the early life stage (ELS) of zebrafish (Danio rerio) : physiological, biochemical and molecular responses. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Plymouth; 2016. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/5157.

Council of Science Editors:

Mohammadbakir S. Impacts of waterborne copper and silver on the early life stage (ELS) of zebrafish (Danio rerio) : physiological, biochemical and molecular responses. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Plymouth; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/5157

University of Georgia

2. Overmyer, Jay Paul. Utilization of black fly larvae (Diptera: Simuliidae) in biomonitoring and aquatic toxicity testing : assessing the effects of lawn-care chemicals in suburban streams.

Degree: PhD, Toxicology, 2002, University of Georgia

URL: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/overmyer_jay_p_200212_phd

► Urban and suburban watersheds have the potential to be highly impacted by chemicals, especially insecticides used to control insect pests on lawns, ornamental plants, and… (more)

▼ Urban and suburban watersheds have the potential to be highly impacted by chemicals, especially insecticides used to control insect pests on lawns, ornamental plants, and home gardens. Three of the most common lawn-care insecticides detected in urbanized watersheds, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, and malathion, have been evaluated in the laboratory to determine their acute toxicity, joint-toxicity as mixtures, bioavailability in the presence of organic matter, and effects on survival, growth and development to black fly larvae, Simulium vittatum cytospecies IS-7. An acute orbital shaker toxicity test was used to determine the 48 hr LC50 value of the three insecticides for S. vittatum IS-7 larvae. Results of the 48 hr LC50 tests showed chlorpyrifos to be the most toxic (LC50 = 0.28 µg/L) followed by carbaryl (LC50 = 23.72 µg/L), and malathion (LC50 = 54.2 µg/L). These insecticides were also tested as mixtures using a toxic unit (TU) approach. Toxicity was greater than additive for the ternary mixture of chlorpyrifos-carbaryl-malathion (LC50 = 0.56 TU), and the binary mixtures of chlorpyrifos-malathion (LC50 = 0.72 TU), and carbaryl-malathion (LC50 = 0.78 TU). The binary combination of chlorpyrifos and carbaryl was additive (LC50 = 0.98 TU). Bioavailability of the three insecticides to S. vittatum IS-7 was significantly altered in the presence of a laboratory diet. Chlorpyrifos bioavailability decreased whereas carbaryl and malathion bioavailability increased when diet concentrations were =150 mg/L. Natural seston had little effect on the bioavailability of these insecticides except in carbaryl dosed larvae where mortality was significantly increased when seston concentrations reached 150 mg/L in the flasks. Multiple pulse-exposures of chlorpyrifos, carbaryl and malathion individually and as mixtures in a trough flow-through dosing system had little effect on survival, growth and development of S. vittatum IS-7. Survival in black flies exposed to chlorpyrifos was significantly lower than survival in malathion and carbaryl exposed insects. However, this effect was not significant compared to controls. No significant differences in growth or development were detected between insecticide-exposed and control larvae. Advisors/Committee Members: Raymond Noblet.

Subjects/Keywords: Toxicity

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APA (6^th Edition):

Overmyer, J. P. (2002). Utilization of black fly larvae (Diptera: Simuliidae) in biomonitoring and aquatic toxicity testing : assessing the effects of lawn-care chemicals in suburban streams. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/overmyer_jay_p_200212_phd

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Overmyer, Jay Paul. “Utilization of black fly larvae (Diptera: Simuliidae) in biomonitoring and aquatic toxicity testing : assessing the effects of lawn-care chemicals in suburban streams.” 2002. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Georgia. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/overmyer_jay_p_200212_phd.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Overmyer, Jay Paul. “Utilization of black fly larvae (Diptera: Simuliidae) in biomonitoring and aquatic toxicity testing : assessing the effects of lawn-care chemicals in suburban streams.” 2002. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Overmyer JP. Utilization of black fly larvae (Diptera: Simuliidae) in biomonitoring and aquatic toxicity testing : assessing the effects of lawn-care chemicals in suburban streams. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Georgia; 2002. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/overmyer_jay_p_200212_phd.

Council of Science Editors:

Overmyer JP. Utilization of black fly larvae (Diptera: Simuliidae) in biomonitoring and aquatic toxicity testing : assessing the effects of lawn-care chemicals in suburban streams. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Georgia; 2002. Available from: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/overmyer_jay_p_200212_phd

University of Utah

3. Snowhill, Elaine Wyne. Effects of chronic amphetamine on central serotonergic and dopaminergic systems in rats of various ages.

Degree: PhD, Pharmacology & Toxicology;, 1983, University of Utah

URL: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd1/id/1327/rec/414

► The central neurochemical effects of chronic low doses (0.5 or 5 mg/kg s.c., every 12 h for 2 wk) if d-amphetamine (AMPH) were studied in… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Toxicity

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APA (6^th Edition):

Snowhill, E. W. (1983). Effects of chronic amphetamine on central serotonergic and dopaminergic systems in rats of various ages. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Utah. Retrieved from http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd1/id/1327/rec/414

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Snowhill, Elaine Wyne. “Effects of chronic amphetamine on central serotonergic and dopaminergic systems in rats of various ages.” 1983. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Utah. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd1/id/1327/rec/414.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Snowhill, Elaine Wyne. “Effects of chronic amphetamine on central serotonergic and dopaminergic systems in rats of various ages.” 1983. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Snowhill EW. Effects of chronic amphetamine on central serotonergic and dopaminergic systems in rats of various ages. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Utah; 1983. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd1/id/1327/rec/414.

Council of Science Editors:

Snowhill EW. Effects of chronic amphetamine on central serotonergic and dopaminergic systems in rats of various ages. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Utah; 1983. Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd1/id/1327/rec/414

University of Utah

4. Johnson, Nathan H. Adequacy of capillary lead specimens;.

Degree: MS;, Pathology;, 1995, University of Utah

URL: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd1/id/840/rec/10

► In response to the increased demand for reliable alternatives to venous lead testing, the Centers for Disease Control has called for increased research into using… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Toxicity

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APA (6^th Edition):

Johnson, N. H. (1995). Adequacy of capillary lead specimens;. (Masters Thesis). University of Utah. Retrieved from http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd1/id/840/rec/10

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Johnson, Nathan H. “Adequacy of capillary lead specimens;.” 1995. Masters Thesis, University of Utah. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd1/id/840/rec/10.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Johnson, Nathan H. “Adequacy of capillary lead specimens;.” 1995. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Johnson NH. Adequacy of capillary lead specimens;. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Utah; 1995. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd1/id/840/rec/10.

Council of Science Editors:

Johnson NH. Adequacy of capillary lead specimens;. [Masters Thesis]. University of Utah; 1995. Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd1/id/840/rec/10

University of Manchester

5. Clay, Robert. Developmental Toxicity of Aluminium and Silver to Drosophila melanogaster.

Degree: 2014, University of Manchester

URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:219559

► Aluminium (Al) and silver (Ag), through human activities, are present in the environment at concentrations sufficient to cause toxicity. The aim of this study was… (more)

▼ Aluminium (Al) and silver (Ag), through human activities, are present in the environment at concentrations sufficient to cause toxicity. The aim of this study was to administer Al and Ag to the short lived model organism Drosophila melanogaster, so that developmental toxicity and potential ameliorative interventions could be examined over a compressed timescale relative to mammalian models.Aluminium was administered to Drosophila in food as either the chloride salt or citrate complex at concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 mM and various developmental parameters were assessed. The lowest concentration to delay pupation relative to the control was 10 mM but this depended upon the food in which it was administered. Higher whole body tissue levels of Al were seen following Al citrate administration compared to AlCl3, but Al citrate was less toxic as this did not did not impair larval viability at 100 mM; 100 mM AlCl3 resulted in 100% mortality. Eclosion success was significantly impaired with either form of Al at 10 mM, but no difference was seen between the forms of Al. When Drosophila were fed AlCl3 over their entire lifespan, a small but significant reduction in the lifespan of male flies was seen. No behavioural toxicity could be demonstrated. Existing studies have demonstrated significant tissue Al concentrations and toxicity whereas these have been minimal in this study. It is suggested that these differences may have a genetic component, with food composition exerting an influence also.Silver, either as AgNO3 or Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) was administered in concentrations up to 500 micromolar and 10 mM, respectively. Either form of Ag, at 50 micromolar was sufficient to significantly retard pupation rate, although pupation or eclosion success was not impaired until 100 micromolar. The concentration-response relationship for AgNO3 was steep with pupation success dropping to nearly zero by 300 micromolar; Drosophila in this study were far more sensitive to AgNO3 than those in other reports. Animals exposed to AgNPs were still able to pupate at 500 micromolar, but these pupae were almost all non-viable when exposed to 400 micromolar AgNPs. At 1 mM and above, AgNPs, however, showed reduced toxicity compared to lower concentrations. The reasons for this are unclear. Both forms of Ag caused de-pigmentation in adults after larval exposure that may be explainable by inhibition of polyphenol oxidase enzymes by Ag (I) ions. The de-pigmentation was preventable by pre-loading larvae with Cu. Ascorbate prevented the de-pigmentation caused by AgNPs but not AgNO3 suggesting that AgNP toxicity is due to Ag (I) ion release. Oxidation of AgNPs was found to be greatly accelerated by Fe (III) and Cu (II) ions in the presence of Cl- ions. Although some of the results here conflict with the literature, developmental toxicity has been observed here, for both Al and Ag, and the variability across studies may provide an opportunity for dissecting the mechanisms behind Al and Ag toxicity through identification of the traits that confer… Advisors/Committee Members: WHITE, KEITH KN, Mccrohan, Catherine, White, Keith.

Subjects/Keywords: silver toxicity; aluminium toxicity; aluminum toxicity; nanoparticles; AgNPs; drosophila; developmental toxicity

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Clay, R. (2014). Developmental Toxicity of Aluminium and Silver to Drosophila melanogaster. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:219559

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Clay, Robert. “Developmental Toxicity of Aluminium and Silver to Drosophila melanogaster.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:219559.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Clay, Robert. “Developmental Toxicity of Aluminium and Silver to Drosophila melanogaster.” 2014. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Clay R. Developmental Toxicity of Aluminium and Silver to Drosophila melanogaster. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2014. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:219559.

Council of Science Editors:

Clay R. Developmental Toxicity of Aluminium and Silver to Drosophila melanogaster. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2014. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:219559

University of Manchester

6. Clay, Robert. Developmental toxicity of aluminium and silver to Drosophila melanogaster.

Degree: PhD, 2014, University of Manchester

URL: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/developmental-toxicity-of-aluminium-and-silver-to-drosophila-melanogaster(f9d8e295-8ce2-4627-bb38-1dae0998b57f).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.756789

► Aluminium (Al) and silver (Ag), through human activities, are present in the environment at concentrations sufficient to cause toxicity. The aim of this study was… (more)

▼ Aluminium (Al) and silver (Ag), through human activities, are present in the environment at concentrations sufficient to cause toxicity. The aim of this study was to administer Al and Ag to the short lived model organism Drosophila melanogaster, so that developmental toxicity and potential ameliorative interventions could be examined over a compressed timescale relative to mammalian models. Aluminium was administered to Drosophila in food as either the chloride salt or citrate complex at concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 mM and various developmental parameters were assessed. The lowest concentration to delay pupation relative to the control was 10 mM but this depended upon the food in which it was administered. Higher whole body tissue levels of Al were seen following Al citrate administration compared to AlCl3, but Al citrate was less toxic as this did not did not impair larval viability at 100 mM; 100 mM AlCl3 resulted in 100% mortality. Eclosion success was significantly impaired with either form of Al at 10 mM, but no difference was seen between the forms of Al. When Drosophila were fed AlCl3 over their entire lifespan, a small but significant reduction in the lifespan of male flies was seen. No behavioural toxicity could be demonstrated. Existing studies have demonstrated significant tissue Al concentrations and toxicity whereas these have been minimal in this study. It is suggested that these differences may have a genetic component, with food composition exerting an influence also. Silver, either as AgNO3 or Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) was administered in concentrations up to 500 micromolar and 10 mM, respectively. Either form of Ag, at 50 micromolar was sufficient to significantly retard pupation rate, although pupation or eclosion success was not impaired until 100 micromolar. The concentration-response relationship for AgNO3 was steep with pupation success dropping to nearly zero by 300 micromolar; Drosophila in this study were far more sensitive to AgNO3 than those in other reports. Animals exposed to AgNPs were still able to pupate at 500 micromolar, but these pupae were almost all non-viable when exposed to 400 micromolar AgNPs. At 1 mM and above, AgNPs, however, showed reduced toxicity compared to lower concentrations. The reasons for this are unclear. Both forms of Ag caused de-pigmentation in adults after larval exposure that may be explainable by inhibition of polyphenol oxidase enzymes by Ag (I) ions. The de-pigmentation was preventable by pre-loading larvae with Cu. Ascorbate prevented the de-pigmentation caused by AgNPs but not AgNO3 suggesting that AgNP toxicity is due to Ag (I) ion release. Oxidation of AgNPs was found to be greatly accelerated by Fe (III) and Cu (II) ions in the presence of Cl- ions. Although some of the results here conflict with the literature, developmental toxicity has been observed here, for both Al and Ag, and the variability across studies may provide an opportunity for dissecting the mechanisms behind Al and Ag toxicity through identification of the traits that confer…

Subjects/Keywords: drosophila; AgNPs; nanoparticles; developmental toxicity; aluminium toxicity; silver toxicity; aluminum toxicity

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Clay, R. (2014). Developmental toxicity of aluminium and silver to Drosophila melanogaster. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/developmental-toxicity-of-aluminium-and-silver-to-drosophila-melanogaster(f9d8e295-8ce2-4627-bb38-1dae0998b57f).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.756789

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Clay, Robert. “Developmental toxicity of aluminium and silver to Drosophila melanogaster.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed February 23, 2020. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/developmental-toxicity-of-aluminium-and-silver-to-drosophila-melanogaster(f9d8e295-8ce2-4627-bb38-1dae0998b57f).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.756789.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Clay, Robert. “Developmental toxicity of aluminium and silver to Drosophila melanogaster.” 2014. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Clay R. Developmental toxicity of aluminium and silver to Drosophila melanogaster. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2014. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/developmental-toxicity-of-aluminium-and-silver-to-drosophila-melanogaster(f9d8e295-8ce2-4627-bb38-1dae0998b57f).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.756789.

Council of Science Editors:

Clay R. Developmental toxicity of aluminium and silver to Drosophila melanogaster. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2014. Available from: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/developmental-toxicity-of-aluminium-and-silver-to-drosophila-melanogaster(f9d8e295-8ce2-4627-bb38-1dae0998b57f).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.756789

University of Georgia

7. Baird, Suzanne Elizabeth. Enantioselective toxicity, bioaccumulation, and biotransformation of fipronil in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas).

Degree: MS, Toxicology, 2009, University of Georgia

URL: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/baird_suzanne_e_200912_ms

► Fipronil is a relatively new chiral, phenylpyrazole insecticide used to control both agricultural and household invertebrate pests. Fipronil is applied as a racemate, or equal… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Acute Toxicity; Subchronic Toxicity; Pesticides; Chiral; Enantioselective

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APA (6^th Edition):

Baird, S. E. (2009). Enantioselective toxicity, bioaccumulation, and biotransformation of fipronil in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). (Masters Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/baird_suzanne_e_200912_ms

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Baird, Suzanne Elizabeth. “Enantioselective toxicity, bioaccumulation, and biotransformation of fipronil in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas).” 2009. Masters Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/baird_suzanne_e_200912_ms.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Baird, Suzanne Elizabeth. “Enantioselective toxicity, bioaccumulation, and biotransformation of fipronil in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas).” 2009. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Baird SE. Enantioselective toxicity, bioaccumulation, and biotransformation of fipronil in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Georgia; 2009. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/baird_suzanne_e_200912_ms.

Council of Science Editors:

Baird SE. Enantioselective toxicity, bioaccumulation, and biotransformation of fipronil in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). [Masters Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2009. Available from: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/baird_suzanne_e_200912_ms

Oregon State University

8. Almurshidi, Badria H. Toxicity of Fungal Pigments from Chlorociboria spp. and Scytalidium spp.

Degree: MS, Wood Science, 2015, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/56625

► Commercial methodologies for producing fungal pigments are of worldwide interest due to the desire to move away from synthetic dyes. Chlorociboria species and Scytalidium species… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Toxicity of fungal pigments; Dichloromethane – Toxicity testing

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APA (6^th Edition):

Almurshidi, B. H. (2015). Toxicity of Fungal Pigments from Chlorociboria spp. and Scytalidium spp. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/56625

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Almurshidi, Badria H. “Toxicity of Fungal Pigments from Chlorociboria spp. and Scytalidium spp.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/56625.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Almurshidi, Badria H. “Toxicity of Fungal Pigments from Chlorociboria spp. and Scytalidium spp.” 2015. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Almurshidi BH. Toxicity of Fungal Pigments from Chlorociboria spp. and Scytalidium spp. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 2015. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/56625.

Council of Science Editors:

Almurshidi BH. Toxicity of Fungal Pigments from Chlorociboria spp. and Scytalidium spp. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/56625

University of Utah

9. Alexander, Gary James. Comparison of selected direct reading instruments used for sampling fumigants in the grain handling industry.

Degree: MPH;, Family & Preventive Medicine;, 2008, University of Utah

URL: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd2/id/1543/rec/239

► The Miran 1A Portable Gas Analyzer, the H-Nu Photoinization Analyzer, Gastec No. 134 Detector Tubes, and Drager No.5/a Detector Tubes have been evaluated in the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Public Health; Toxicity

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APA (6^th Edition):

Alexander, G. J. (2008). Comparison of selected direct reading instruments used for sampling fumigants in the grain handling industry. (Masters Thesis). University of Utah. Retrieved from http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd2/id/1543/rec/239

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Alexander, Gary James. “Comparison of selected direct reading instruments used for sampling fumigants in the grain handling industry.” 2008. Masters Thesis, University of Utah. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd2/id/1543/rec/239.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Alexander, Gary James. “Comparison of selected direct reading instruments used for sampling fumigants in the grain handling industry.” 2008. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Alexander GJ. Comparison of selected direct reading instruments used for sampling fumigants in the grain handling industry. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Utah; 2008. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd2/id/1543/rec/239.

Council of Science Editors:

Alexander GJ. Comparison of selected direct reading instruments used for sampling fumigants in the grain handling industry. [Masters Thesis]. University of Utah; 2008. Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd2/id/1543/rec/239

10. Anitha Pius P. Fluoride toxicity: contribution of water and food a study with reference to certain fluorotic and non-fluorotic areas of Tamilnadu.

Degree: Chemistry, 1993, INFLIBNET

URL: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/16239

►

This thesis embodies the results of studies on quotFluoride toxicity Contribution of water and food, with reference to certain fluorotic and non-fluorotic areas of Tamilnaduquot.… (more)

▼

This thesis embodies the results of studies on quotFluoride toxicity Contribution of water and food, with reference to certain fluorotic and non-fluorotic areas of Tamilnaduquot. The Thesis is divided into four chapters. In the first chapter, a general introduction about the various manifestations of fluoride toxicity is given. Concepts of ionic, non-ionic and total fluoride, contribution of water and food to total intake of fluoride and various other factors influencing the fluoride toxicity are discussed. The problem of fluorosis in various parts of the world and also in several states of India has been reviewed. The need and objectives of the present study are clearly spelt at the end of this chapter. The second chapter deals with the methodology adopted in this study in detail. The criteria for the selection of controls and fluorotic areas and also for the selection of families in each area are given. Methods of analysis of drinking water for fluoride, hardness, alkalinity, pH, chlorides, sulphates, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, molybdenum, copper, zinc, manganese and strontium are presented in detail. Analysis of fluorides in chief staple food grains grown in the areas under study, by the fluoride electrode method is described. Details of analysis of trace ions by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy (ICPES) are presented. The methodology developed in the present study for assessment of contribution of water and food separately to the total intake of fluoride, and various other ions listed above is also dealt with at the end of this chapter. newline Experimental results, analysis of the data, and the related discussions comprise the third chapter of this thesis. The problem of fluoride toxicity is analysed in the light of the results of water analysis for fluoride, various chemical parameters and other constituents and also based on the results of the analysis of the diet consumed by the people, for fluoride and all other inorganic

References included

Advisors/Committee Members: Appa Rao B V.

Subjects/Keywords: Chemistry; Fluoride Toxicity

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APA (6^th Edition):

P, A. P. (1993). Fluoride toxicity: contribution of water and food a study with reference to certain fluorotic and non-fluorotic areas of Tamilnadu. (Thesis). INFLIBNET. Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/16239

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

P, Anitha Pius. “Fluoride toxicity: contribution of water and food a study with reference to certain fluorotic and non-fluorotic areas of Tamilnadu.” 1993. Thesis, INFLIBNET. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/16239.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

P, Anitha Pius. “Fluoride toxicity: contribution of water and food a study with reference to certain fluorotic and non-fluorotic areas of Tamilnadu.” 1993. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

P AP. Fluoride toxicity: contribution of water and food a study with reference to certain fluorotic and non-fluorotic areas of Tamilnadu. [Internet] [Thesis]. INFLIBNET; 1993. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/16239.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

P AP. Fluoride toxicity: contribution of water and food a study with reference to certain fluorotic and non-fluorotic areas of Tamilnadu. [Thesis]. INFLIBNET; 1993. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/16239

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Zambia

11. Chikuta, Sally. Development of aluminum toxicity tolerance selection system for Sorghum(Sorghum Bicolor L.)Moench in Zambia .

Degree: 2011, University of Zambia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/572

► Sorghum (S. bicolor, L) is a major crop of the hotter and drier regions of the tropics and subtropics grown by resource poor farmers for… (more)

▼ Sorghum (S. bicolor, L) is a major crop of the hotter and drier regions of the tropics and subtropics grown by resource poor farmers for their subsistence. It can also be cultivated in marginal lands and areas of high rainfall characterized by low pH soils high in aluminium (Al).The overall objective of this study was to characterize selected sorghum varieties for Al tolerance, while the specific objectives were, to determine performance of selected sorghum varieties grown in Al prone environments, to identify root characteristics associated with Al tolerance and to develop a selection criterion for Al tolerance in sorghum. Twenty sorghum genotypes (previously identified) were evaluated at three sites with high soil Al levels and in the laboratory. Genotypes, concentrations and interactions were significantly different (P≤0.001) for all the parameters studied in the laboratory which included root length, shoot length, number of lateral roots, shoot and root biomass. The correlation between the laboratory attributes and grain yield were highly significant. Direct effects ranged from 0.5 for lateral roots to 0.7 for shoot length. Indirect path effects towards grain yield by root length and root biomass were 0.6 and 0.5 respectively via shoot length. Significant differences (P≤0.05) were observed in the field study for seven of the nine parameters that were measured and/or derived. Interactions were significant for plant height and grain yield. The entries were significantly different for all the measured and derived parameters except for plant count, pest score and agronomic score. Significant differences were observed for location on days to 50% flowering, plant height, pest score, sundried head weight and grain yield. Associations between the measured and/or derived parameters and grain yield were significant. The direct path effects were low except for head weight which had a significant contribution of 1.4. Direct contributions on yield by other parameters were less than 0.1. Plant height, pest score and agronomic score had significant indirect effects of 0.7, 0.7 and 0.5 respectively via head weight. Results indicate that laboratory attributes can be used to predict high yielding sorghum genotypes suitable for low pH soil with Al toxicity. Selection of head weight and head harvest index would contribute effectively to high yielding sorghum genotypes in low pH soil with high Al. The superior genotypes recommended for Al tolerance are 11, 16, 17 and 20.

Subjects/Keywords: Alluminium toxicity; Sorghum

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chikuta, S. (2011). Development of aluminum toxicity tolerance selection system for Sorghum(Sorghum Bicolor L.)Moench in Zambia . (Thesis). University of Zambia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/572

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chikuta, Sally. “Development of aluminum toxicity tolerance selection system for Sorghum(Sorghum Bicolor L.)Moench in Zambia .” 2011. Thesis, University of Zambia. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/572.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chikuta, Sally. “Development of aluminum toxicity tolerance selection system for Sorghum(Sorghum Bicolor L.)Moench in Zambia .” 2011. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Chikuta S. Development of aluminum toxicity tolerance selection system for Sorghum(Sorghum Bicolor L.)Moench in Zambia . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Zambia; 2011. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/572.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Chikuta S. Development of aluminum toxicity tolerance selection system for Sorghum(Sorghum Bicolor L.)Moench in Zambia . [Thesis]. University of Zambia; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/572

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

12. VEJCHASARN, PHANCHITA. THE GENETIC REGULATION AND PHYSIOLOGY OF MANGANESE TOXICITY AND TOLERANCE IN ARABIDOPSIS.

Degree: MS, Horticulture, 2008, Penn State University

URL: https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/9190

► Acid soils and associated mineral toxicities and infertility are major constraints to agricultural production worldwide. Excessive soil acidity problems are not only the hydrogen ion… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: mangenese toxicity; arabiodopsis

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APA (6^th Edition):

VEJCHASARN, P. (2008). THE GENETIC REGULATION AND PHYSIOLOGY OF MANGANESE TOXICITY AND TOLERANCE IN ARABIDOPSIS. (Masters Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/9190

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

VEJCHASARN, PHANCHITA. “THE GENETIC REGULATION AND PHYSIOLOGY OF MANGANESE TOXICITY AND TOLERANCE IN ARABIDOPSIS.” 2008. Masters Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed February 23, 2020. https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/9190.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

VEJCHASARN, PHANCHITA. “THE GENETIC REGULATION AND PHYSIOLOGY OF MANGANESE TOXICITY AND TOLERANCE IN ARABIDOPSIS.” 2008. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

VEJCHASARN P. THE GENETIC REGULATION AND PHYSIOLOGY OF MANGANESE TOXICITY AND TOLERANCE IN ARABIDOPSIS. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Penn State University; 2008. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/9190.

Council of Science Editors:

VEJCHASARN P. THE GENETIC REGULATION AND PHYSIOLOGY OF MANGANESE TOXICITY AND TOLERANCE IN ARABIDOPSIS. [Masters Thesis]. Penn State University; 2008. Available from: https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/9190

University of Saskatchewan

13. Kallarakavumkal Thomas, Jith. Effects of dietary and in ovo selenomethionine exposure in zebrafish.

Degree: 2014, University of Saskatchewan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2014-09-1744

► Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element to most living organisms, however when compared to other ingested essential trace elements Se has the lowest margin… (more)

▼ Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element to most living organisms, however when compared to other ingested essential trace elements Se has the lowest margin of safety between essential and toxic concentrations. Oviparous vertebrates, especially fishes, are highly susceptible to dietary Se toxicity. Greater incidences of deformities and/or mortalities have been observed in F1 generation larval fishes whose parents were exposed to excess dietary Se in the form of selenomethionine (SeMet), however little information is available on effects of chronic dietary SeMet exposure to adult fish and persistent effects of in ovo SeMet exposure to F1 generation fish. This thesis investigated effects of chronic dietary exposure of excess Se in the form of SeMet on swimming performance (Ucrit), oxygen consumption (MO2), stored energy (triglycerides and glycogen), and the physiological stress response (cortisol production) in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio), as well as immediate (incidence of deformities and mortality) and persistent (e.g. changes in Ucrit, MO2, bioenergetics, the physiological stress response and reproduction) effects of in ovo exposure to SeMet in F1 generation zebrafish. In addition, the study investigated potential underlying mechanisms of SeMet-induced developmental toxicities in early life stages of zebrafish using embryo microinjection. Two separate dietary SeMet exposure studies in adult zebrafish and two in ovo SeMet maternal transfer studies in F1 generation zebrafish were conducted. The first dietary or in ovo exposure study explored effects of excess SeMet exposure on adult zebrafish or the entire life cycle of F1 generation zebrafish. The second study investigated mechanisms of observed SeMet-induced effects on adult or F1 generation zebrafish. In the first feeding study, a significant reduction in Ucrit and greater accumulation of stored energy were observed in the excess dietary SeMet exposed groups when compared to the Se-sufficient dietary control group. The second feeding study showed a greater metabolic rate, and impaired aerobic energy metabolism and triglyceride homeostasis in adult fish fed excess dietary SeMet, which was associated with a reduction in swimming performance and accumulation of triglycerides. Embryos collected from adult zebrafish in both dietary SeMet exposure studies were used to investigate effects of in ovo SeMet exposure on the entire life cycle of F1 generation fish. The first study showed a greater incidence of mortality, an increasing trend for deformities in F1 generation larval zebrafish, and reduced Ucrit in F1 generation adult fish exposed to excess SeMet via in ovo maternal transfer. However, concentrations of stored energy, cortisol and reproduction were unaltered. The second study found that impaired aerobic performance might have been responsible for the reduction in Ucrit of F1 generation adult zebrafish exposed to excess SeMet. Since there is a high variability in Se deposition among eggs via natural maternal transfer, SeMet embryo microinjection… Advisors/Committee Members: Janz, David M., Blakley, Barry, Krone, Pat, Niyogi, Som, Drew, Murray.

Subjects/Keywords: Selenomethionine Zebrafish Toxicity

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kallarakavumkal Thomas, J. (2014). Effects of dietary and in ovo selenomethionine exposure in zebrafish. (Thesis). University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2014-09-1744

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kallarakavumkal Thomas, Jith. “Effects of dietary and in ovo selenomethionine exposure in zebrafish.” 2014. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2014-09-1744.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kallarakavumkal Thomas, Jith. “Effects of dietary and in ovo selenomethionine exposure in zebrafish.” 2014. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Kallarakavumkal Thomas J. Effects of dietary and in ovo selenomethionine exposure in zebrafish. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2014. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2014-09-1744.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kallarakavumkal Thomas J. Effects of dietary and in ovo selenomethionine exposure in zebrafish. [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2014-09-1744

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Saskatchewan

14. Pettem, Connor Maurice 1991-. Cardiovascular and metabolic effects of dietary selenomethionine exposure in fishes.

Degree: 2018, University of Saskatchewan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/8475

► Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient involved in important metabolic functions for all vertebrate species. As Se is reported to have a narrow margin between… (more)

▼ Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient involved in important metabolic functions for all vertebrate species. As Se is reported to have a narrow margin between essentiality and toxicity, there is growing concern surrounding the adverse effects of elevated Se exposure caused by anthropogenic activities. Recent studies have reported that elevated dietary exposure of fish to selenomethionine (Se-Met) can alter aerobic metabolic capacity, energetics and swimming performance. My thesis aimed to further investigate mechanisms of sublethal Se-Met toxicity, particularly potential underlying cardiovascular implications of chronic exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of dietary Se-Met in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) and juvenile (yearling) rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In my first experiment, adult zebrafish were fed either control food (1.1 μg Se/g dry mass [d.m.]) or Se-Met spiked food (10.3 or 28.8 μg Se/g d.m.) for 90 d at 5% body weight per day. In the second experiment, juvenile rainbow trout were fed either control food (1.3 μg Se/g d.m.) or Se-Met spiked food (6.4, 15.8 or 47.8 μg Se/g d.m.) for 60 d at 5% body weight per day. Following exposure, ultrahigh resolution B-mode and Doppler ultrasound was used to characterize cardiac function. Chronic dietary exposure to elevated Se-Met had opposing results in zebrafish when compared to the rainbow trout. Zebrafish exposed to the highest dietary concentrations of Se-Met (28.8 μg Se/g d.m.) had significantly reduced ventricular contractile rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output, while Se-Met exposed rainbow trout had significantly greater stroke volume, ejection fraction, and cardiac output. Following ultasonography, energy stores were measured via whole body (zebrafish) and liver, heart and muscle (rainbow trout) glycogen and triglyceride concentrations. Zebrafish in the highest exposure group were observed to have greater whole body glycogen concentrations when compared to the control group, while rainbow trout exposed to Se-Met concentrations greater than 15.8 μg Se/g showed significant increases in both glycogen and triglycerides in liver relative to the control group. In addition, rainbow trout in the highest exposure group had significantly reduced capability of managing blood glucose levels as was evident after 48hrs in a glucose tolerance test. Exposure to Se-Met significantly decreased mRNA expression of a key cardiac remodelling enzyme, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), in adult zebrafish heart, however significantly increased it (MMP9) in rainbow trout heart. Selenomethionine significantly increased echodensity at the junction between atrium and ventricle in zebrafish, and these results combined with increased MMP2 expression are consistent with cardiac remodelling and fibrosis. However, rainbow trout did not show any fibrosis and also had a significant decrease in SERPINH mRNA abundance, a molecular chaperone essential for the post-translational folding of fibril-forming collagens. This, taken together with the increase in MMP9,… Advisors/Committee Members: Janz, David M, Weber, Lynn P, Janz, David M, Weber, Lynn P, Blakley, Barry, Krone, Patrick, Tierney, Keith.

Subjects/Keywords: cardiometabolic; toxicity; selenium

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APA (6^th Edition):

Pettem, C. M. 1. (2018). Cardiovascular and metabolic effects of dietary selenomethionine exposure in fishes. (Thesis). University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10388/8475

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pettem, Connor Maurice 1991-. “Cardiovascular and metabolic effects of dietary selenomethionine exposure in fishes.” 2018. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/8475.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pettem, Connor Maurice 1991-. “Cardiovascular and metabolic effects of dietary selenomethionine exposure in fishes.” 2018. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Pettem CM1. Cardiovascular and metabolic effects of dietary selenomethionine exposure in fishes. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2018. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/8475.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Pettem CM1. Cardiovascular and metabolic effects of dietary selenomethionine exposure in fishes. [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/8475

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Plymouth

15. Mohammadbakir, Sahib. Impacts of waterborne copper and silver on the early life stage (ELS) of zebrafish (Danio rerio) : physiological, biochemical and molecular responses.

Degree: PhD, 2016, University of Plymouth

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/6550

► Toxic metals are major pollutants of the aquatic environment and are able to cause survival impairment of the early life stage of the aquatic organisms.… (more)

▼ Toxic metals are major pollutants of the aquatic environment and are able to cause survival impairment of the early life stage of the aquatic organisms. They can affect the osmoregulatory system and electrolyte balance in fishes as well as the expression of genes which are essential in the formation and development of the organs at the early embryonic stages of development. There are a lack of studies concerning the toxic effects of waterborne copper and silver on the osmoregulation, electrolytes balance and expression the genes which are responsible for the formation and development of heart and metal binding proteins in the early life stage of zebrafish. The current study aimed to assess the toxic effects of waterborne concentrations of copper as an essential trace element, and silver as a non-essential trace element, on biochemical processes and the molecular biology of the early life stages (ELS) of zebrafish. The first experiment of the current study (Chapter 3) aimed: 1. to determine the time of nkx2.5 gene expression, a gene involved in cardiac development, relative to the time of embryonic development. 2. To assess the toxic concentration of the copper and most vulnerable and sensitive stage of the embryos < 1 hour post fertilization (hpf) exposed to the copper via water route. The result of the experiment showed that the expression of the nkx2.5 gene reached a maximum at 16 hpf. The first 10 hpf of the embryonic development was the most vulnerable and critical stage of the developing embryos, and characterized by increased mortality as copper concentration increased, and delayed and decreased hatching success. Exposure of embryos for 72 hpf to a concentration of 500 µg L-1 Cu increased heart rate, whereas the exposure of the embryos at the blastula stage only, showed decreases in heart rate. The third part of the experiment evaluated the protective effect of calcium as a major cation of water hardness on Cu toxicity. Embryos age < 2 hpf were exposed to copper (0, 100, 250, and 500 µg L-1), with or without added calcium (40 mg L-1). An increase in embryonic Cu accumulation was observed in live and dead embryos exposed to Cu, with and without added calcium. Calcium concentration increased with embryonic copper tissue concentration in dead embryos. Na+ and K+ concentrations were higher in live embryos compared to dead embryos, and a 4 fold decrease in Na+K+-ATPase activity was seen in live embryos exposed to copper compared to controls. There was no effect of copper on total glutathione. Expression of nkx2.5 as one of the essential genes for the formation and development of the heart increased significantly; approximately 10 fold in the presence of Cu+Ca in comparison to the unexposed control or Cu exposure alone. Whereas expression of mt2 increased significantly 6 fold compared to the control during Cu exposure without added Ca2+. The second experiment (Chapter 4) aimed to investigate the effect of the dissolved Ag+ as AgNO3 on the survival of the early life stage of zebrafish. Embryos < 2 hpf were exposed to…

Subjects/Keywords: 597; Metal Toxicity

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mohammadbakir, S. (2016). Impacts of waterborne copper and silver on the early life stage (ELS) of zebrafish (Danio rerio) : physiological, biochemical and molecular responses. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Plymouth. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/6550

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mohammadbakir, Sahib. “Impacts of waterborne copper and silver on the early life stage (ELS) of zebrafish (Danio rerio) : physiological, biochemical and molecular responses.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Plymouth. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/6550.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mohammadbakir, Sahib. “Impacts of waterborne copper and silver on the early life stage (ELS) of zebrafish (Danio rerio) : physiological, biochemical and molecular responses.” 2016. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Mohammadbakir S. Impacts of waterborne copper and silver on the early life stage (ELS) of zebrafish (Danio rerio) : physiological, biochemical and molecular responses. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Plymouth; 2016. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/6550.

Council of Science Editors:

Mohammadbakir S. Impacts of waterborne copper and silver on the early life stage (ELS) of zebrafish (Danio rerio) : physiological, biochemical and molecular responses. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Plymouth; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/6550

Univerzitet u Beogradu

16. Stanković, Vesna V., 1964-. Prediktivni značaj individualnih i kliničkih karakteristika osoba sa adenokarcinomom prostate na rizik za nastanak akutne i kasne toksičnosti nakon zračne terapije.

Degree: Medicinski fakultet, 2016, Univerzitet u Beogradu

URL: https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:14102/bdef:Content/get

►

Radiologija - Radiaciona onkologija / Radiology - Radiation Oncology

Uvod: Efekat zračenja na zdrava tkiva i organe može se javiti u toku zračne terapije i… (more)

▼

Radiologija - Radiaciona onkologija / Radiology - Radiation Oncology

Uvod: Efekat zračenja na zdrava tkiva i organe može se javiti u toku zračne terapije i neposredno nakon završetka zračne terapije kada govorimo o akutnoj toksičnosti ili se može javiti od 6 meseci do 20 god nakon završene zračne terapije, kada govorimo o kasnoj toksičnosti. Što je veći volumen zdravog tkiva koji prima visoke doze zračenja, to je i učestalost težih komplikacija veća tzv efekat volumena zračenja. Rezultati studija koji su se bavili ovom problematikom pokazali su da je osim efekta volumena zračenja na učestalost komplikacija zračne terapije mogli da utiču i individualni i klinički parametri kao što su pušenje, primena androgene deprivacije, prisustvo komorbiditeta (hemoroidi, diabetes mellitus, arterijska hipertenzija), primena antikoagulantne i antiagregacione terapije kao i prethodne abdominalne operacije. U poslednjih 10 tak godina je ispitano oko 60 gena kao mogućih faktora koji utiču na ispoljavanje individualne osetljivosti zdravih organa na zračnu terapiju, ali se nijedan od njih još uvek nije izdvojio kao gen odgovoran za povećanu radiosenzitivnost ili radiorezistentnost zdravih tkiva Ciljevi našeg istraživanja su bili određivanje incidence akutne i kasne gastrointestinalne i genitourinarne toksičnosti u pacijenata sa karcinomom prostate u lokalizovanom stadijumu, lečenih 3D konformalnom zračnom terapijom i određivanje mogućeg uticaja dozimetrijskih, individualnih I kliničkih parametara na ispoljavanje simptoma toksičnosti. Materijal i metode: Od septembra 2009 do septembra 2013 godine, 225 pacijenata sa histološki potvrđenim adenokarcinomom prostate u lokalizovanom stadijumu bolesti su lečeni 3D konformalnom zračnom terapijom, u Institutu za onkologiju I radiologiju Srbije. 94 od 225 pacijenata je ispunilo kriterijume za uključivanje u ovo istraživanje. Svi su bili u lokalizovanom stadijumu bolesti sa procenjenim rizikom za infiltraciju lgl≤15%, prema Roach-ovoj formuli, KI>80%. Svi pacijenti su primili 72Gy u 36 seansi, konformalnom tehnikom, konvencionalnom šemom frakcionisanja. Akutna I kasna gastrointestinalna I genitourinarna toksičnost je gradirana prema EORTC/RTOG skoring kriterijumima...

Advisors/Committee Members: Nikitović, Marina, 1959-.

Subjects/Keywords: prostate cancer; conformal radiotherapy; acute toxicity; late toxicity; gastrointestinal toxicity; genitourinary toxicity; genetic markers

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APA (6^th Edition):

Stanković, Vesna V., 1. (2016). Prediktivni značaj individualnih i kliničkih karakteristika osoba sa adenokarcinomom prostate na rizik za nastanak akutne i kasne toksičnosti nakon zračne terapije. (Thesis). Univerzitet u Beogradu. Retrieved from https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:14102/bdef:Content/get

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Stanković, Vesna V., 1964-. “Prediktivni značaj individualnih i kliničkih karakteristika osoba sa adenokarcinomom prostate na rizik za nastanak akutne i kasne toksičnosti nakon zračne terapije.” 2016. Thesis, Univerzitet u Beogradu. Accessed February 23, 2020. https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:14102/bdef:Content/get.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Stanković, Vesna V., 1964-. “Prediktivni značaj individualnih i kliničkih karakteristika osoba sa adenokarcinomom prostate na rizik za nastanak akutne i kasne toksičnosti nakon zračne terapije.” 2016. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Stanković, Vesna V. 1. Prediktivni značaj individualnih i kliničkih karakteristika osoba sa adenokarcinomom prostate na rizik za nastanak akutne i kasne toksičnosti nakon zračne terapije. [Internet] [Thesis]. Univerzitet u Beogradu; 2016. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:14102/bdef:Content/get.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Stanković, Vesna V. 1. Prediktivni značaj individualnih i kliničkih karakteristika osoba sa adenokarcinomom prostate na rizik za nastanak akutne i kasne toksičnosti nakon zračne terapije. [Thesis]. Univerzitet u Beogradu; 2016. Available from: https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:14102/bdef:Content/get

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Brno University of Technology

17. Marcelová, Štěpánka. Toxicita nitroderivátů toluenu a produktů jejich transformací .

Degree: 2010, Brno University of Technology

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/11691

► Tato práce je zaměřena na ověřování toxicity p-Nitrotoluenu a sloučenin vznikajících jeho aerobní transformací, a to oxidací methylové skupiny a redukcí nitroskupiny. Některé z těchto… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: toxicita; testy toxicity; toluen; nitroderiváty; toxicity; tests of toxicity; toluene; nitroderivatives

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APA (6^th Edition):

Marcelová, �. (2010). Toxicita nitroderivátů toluenu a produktů jejich transformací . (Thesis). Brno University of Technology. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11012/11691

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Marcelová, Štěpánka. “Toxicita nitroderivátů toluenu a produktů jejich transformací .” 2010. Thesis, Brno University of Technology. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11012/11691.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Marcelová, Štěpánka. “Toxicita nitroderivátů toluenu a produktů jejich transformací .” 2010. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Marcelová �. Toxicita nitroderivátů toluenu a produktů jejich transformací . [Internet] [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2010. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/11691.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Marcelová �. Toxicita nitroderivátů toluenu a produktů jejich transformací . [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/11691

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

East Carolina University

18. Douglas, Chandler D. The effects of environmental nickel toxicity upon survival, growth, reproduction, fecundity, and lifespan of nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans, Pristionchus pacificus, and Caenorhabditis briggsae.

Degree: 2012, East Carolina University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10342/4087

► Nickel (II) is a common component of many natural products and man-made devices. Due to its frequent use in everyday life, relatively large amounts of… (more)

▼ Nickel (II) is a common component of many natural products and man-made devices. Due to its frequent use in everyday life, relatively large amounts of nickel are being released into the environment. Nickel, however, is a known carcinogen; therefore, an assay must be developed in order to understand the toxic effects of this heavy metal on living organisms. Nematodes are a model animal species that have been used in sediment and water testing of contaminated environmental samples. Nematodes lend themselves perfectly to liquid and sediment assays due to their easy recovery, handling, distinction between larva and adults, and short life cycle. In this study, we used three nematode species, Caenorhabditis elegans, Pristionchus pacificus, and Caenorhabditis briggsae, in order to determine the effects of nickel on the survival, growth, reproduction, fecundity, and lifespan of these model biotic organisms. During preliminary testing, C. briggsae displayed highly variable results during both sediment and liquid assays. Thus, the majority of testing in this project was performed on C. elegans and P. pacificus. We found that C. elegans is best suited for environmental assays where there is a large portion of dissolved organic carbon in the sediment. However, P. pacificus, displayed no preference for any of the soil physio-chemical characteristics during these assays. The element Nickel (II) can either bind to substrates within a sediment, or can freely move through aqueous solution. In this study, we showed that nickel bound in sediment is highly lethal to the P0 generation of nematodes; however, the effects of nickel bound in sediment were not readily apparent on the F1 generation of both C. elegans and P. pacificus. Using liquid assays, we also determined that aqueous nickel was not detrimental to the P0 generation for all three nematode species. Interestingly, higher dosages of aqueous nickel were shown to be detrimental to the F1 generation for C. elegans, whereas P. pacificus showed no decline in the number of F1 progeny recovered. Finally, our results show that nickel bound in sediment also has an effect on longevity. Using C. elegans strain JK574: Cel-fog-2 (q71) LGV in a longevity trial, it was determined that higher dosages of bound nickel can decrease the number of days needed to reach a 50% recovery rate by 7-8 times. Overall, the results of these experiments show that both C. elegans and P. pacificus can be used as bio-indicators of nickel contaminated water and sediment samples. By developing this quick, efficient, and reliable assay, other laboratories will be able to determine the amount of nickel that can be detrimental in various ecological samples and what the toxic effects of this metal will be on living organisms.

Subjects/Keywords: Biology; Toxicity; Nickel – Toxicity testing; Nickel – Environmental aspects; Toxicity testing; Nematodes – Research

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APA (6^th Edition):

Douglas, C. D. (2012). The effects of environmental nickel toxicity upon survival, growth, reproduction, fecundity, and lifespan of nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans, Pristionchus pacificus, and Caenorhabditis briggsae. (Thesis). East Carolina University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10342/4087

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Douglas, Chandler D. “The effects of environmental nickel toxicity upon survival, growth, reproduction, fecundity, and lifespan of nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans, Pristionchus pacificus, and Caenorhabditis briggsae.” 2012. Thesis, East Carolina University. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10342/4087.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Douglas, Chandler D. “The effects of environmental nickel toxicity upon survival, growth, reproduction, fecundity, and lifespan of nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans, Pristionchus pacificus, and Caenorhabditis briggsae.” 2012. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Douglas CD. The effects of environmental nickel toxicity upon survival, growth, reproduction, fecundity, and lifespan of nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans, Pristionchus pacificus, and Caenorhabditis briggsae. [Internet] [Thesis]. East Carolina University; 2012. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10342/4087.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Douglas CD. The effects of environmental nickel toxicity upon survival, growth, reproduction, fecundity, and lifespan of nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans, Pristionchus pacificus, and Caenorhabditis briggsae. [Thesis]. East Carolina University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10342/4087

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

19. Gopinathan,C P. Studies on the Phytoplankton in the Estuarine and Marine Environments.

Degree: Marine Science;, 1983, Cochin University of Science and Technology

URL: http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/1148

Subjects/Keywords: Phytoplankton; Toxicity

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APA (6^th Edition):

P, G. (1983). Studies on the Phytoplankton in the Estuarine and Marine Environments. (Thesis). Cochin University of Science and Technology. Retrieved from http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/1148

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

P, Gopinathan,C. “Studies on the Phytoplankton in the Estuarine and Marine Environments.” 1983. Thesis, Cochin University of Science and Technology. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/1148.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

P, Gopinathan,C. “Studies on the Phytoplankton in the Estuarine and Marine Environments.” 1983. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

P G. Studies on the Phytoplankton in the Estuarine and Marine Environments. [Internet] [Thesis]. Cochin University of Science and Technology; 1983. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/1148.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

P G. Studies on the Phytoplankton in the Estuarine and Marine Environments. [Thesis]. Cochin University of Science and Technology; 1983. Available from: http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/1148

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Utah

20. Johnson-Davis, Kamisha Lynnette. Methamphetamine and mechanisms underlying tolerance to its neurotoxic effects.

Degree: PhD, Pharmacology & Toxicology;, 2004, University of Utah

URL: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd2/id/762/rec/760

► Previous studies have demonstrated that pretreating with multiple injections of escalating doses of methamphetamine (METH) induces tolerance to the long-term neurotoxic effects of METH on… (more)

▼ Previous studies have demonstrated that pretreating with multiple injections of escalating doses of methamphetamine (METH) induces tolerance to the long-term neurotoxic effects of METH on dopamine (DA) neurons. The mechanism(s) underlying this tolerance phenomenon is (are) unknown. Recent studies suggested that aberrant vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT-2) and DA transporter function contribute to the neurotoxic effects of METH. Hence, the purpose of this study was to explore the role of the VMAT-2 and DA transporter in the induction of tolerance to the long-term persistent dopaminergic and serotonergic deficits caused by METH. A second purpose was to investigate the potential role of hyperthermia and alterations in brain METH distribution in this tolerance. Thus, we hypothesize that tolerance to the neurotoxic effects of METH is possibly due to either a shift in the drug distribution of METH in the brain and/or the prevention of METH-induced alterations in monoamine transporter function. Data from this dissertation revealed that the protection from METH pretreatment was not due to changes in the distribution of METH in the brain, as both the METH-pretreated and saline-pretreated rats had similar amounts of METH and amphetamine (AMP) in the brain after the last METH challenge injection. Depending on the dosing protocol employed, the METH pretreatment regimen could slightly attenuate METH-induced hyperthermia during the challenge administration, thus possibly contributing to the protection against long-term monoamine depletion. METH pretreatment regimen attenuated both the acute METH-induced decrease in VMAT-2 function 2 h after the METH challenge administration and its resulting persistent DA deficits in the striatum as well as serotonin (5-HT) deficits in the hippocampus. However, the pretreatment regimen did not produce tolerance by altering the acute METH-induced decrease in DA transporter uptake. Furthermore, pretreatment with METH prior to a high-dose METH challenge administration also attenuated the acute METH-induced redistribution of VMAT-2 immunoreactivity within the nerve terminal. In summary, these data are the first to demonstrate an association between the prevention of acute alterations in vesicular DA uptake and the development of tolerance to the neurotoxic effects of METH.

Subjects/Keywords: Physiology; Toxicity

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APA (6^th Edition):

Johnson-Davis, K. L. (2004). Methamphetamine and mechanisms underlying tolerance to its neurotoxic effects. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Utah. Retrieved from http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd2/id/762/rec/760

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Johnson-Davis, Kamisha Lynnette. “Methamphetamine and mechanisms underlying tolerance to its neurotoxic effects.” 2004. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Utah. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd2/id/762/rec/760.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Johnson-Davis, Kamisha Lynnette. “Methamphetamine and mechanisms underlying tolerance to its neurotoxic effects.” 2004. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Johnson-Davis KL. Methamphetamine and mechanisms underlying tolerance to its neurotoxic effects. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Utah; 2004. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd2/id/762/rec/760.

Council of Science Editors:

Johnson-Davis KL. Methamphetamine and mechanisms underlying tolerance to its neurotoxic effects. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Utah; 2004. Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd2/id/762/rec/760

University of Utah

21. Downes, James Denny Carville. Tungsten inert gas welding on stainless steel: a hazard evaluation;.

Degree: MS;, Family & Preventive Medicine;, 1986, University of Utah

URL: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd1/id/1374/rec/1427

► The mean iron, chromium, hexavalent chromium, chromium, nickel, and manganese levels were found to be will below the TLV-TWA set by ACGIH. The hexavalen chromium… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Standards; Toxicity

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APA (6^th Edition):

Downes, J. D. C. (1986). Tungsten inert gas welding on stainless steel: a hazard evaluation;. (Masters Thesis). University of Utah. Retrieved from http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd1/id/1374/rec/1427

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Downes, James Denny Carville. “Tungsten inert gas welding on stainless steel: a hazard evaluation;.” 1986. Masters Thesis, University of Utah. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd1/id/1374/rec/1427.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Downes, James Denny Carville. “Tungsten inert gas welding on stainless steel: a hazard evaluation;.” 1986. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Downes JDC. Tungsten inert gas welding on stainless steel: a hazard evaluation;. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Utah; 1986. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd1/id/1374/rec/1427.

Council of Science Editors:

Downes JDC. Tungsten inert gas welding on stainless steel: a hazard evaluation;. [Masters Thesis]. University of Utah; 1986. Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd1/id/1374/rec/1427

University of Alberta

22. Wang, Nan. Ozonation and biodegradation of oil sands process water.

Degree: MS, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2011, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/5x21tg63p

► To ensure oil sands process water (OSPW) is suitable for discharge into the environment, advanced water treatment technologies are required. In this study, integrated ozonation-biodegradation… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: ozonation; naphthenic acid; toxicity; biodegradation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wang, N. (2011). Ozonation and biodegradation of oil sands process water. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/5x21tg63p

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wang, Nan. “Ozonation and biodegradation of oil sands process water.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed February 23, 2020. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/5x21tg63p.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wang, Nan. “Ozonation and biodegradation of oil sands process water.” 2011. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Wang N. Ozonation and biodegradation of oil sands process water. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2011. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/5x21tg63p.

Council of Science Editors:

Wang N. Ozonation and biodegradation of oil sands process water. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2011. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/5x21tg63p

University of Aberdeen

23. Widdowson, Alexandra. Microbial toxicity testing of inorganic nanoparticles.

Degree: PhD, 2015, University of Aberdeen

URL: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=227625 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.668985

► NPs are toxic to a wide range of organisms across trophic levels; gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli),… (more)

▼ NPs are toxic to a wide range of organisms across trophic levels; gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli), algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), crustaceans (Daphnia magna and Thamnocephalus platyurus), fish (rainbow trout, zebrafish, trout) and plants (Lactuca sativa L. and Raphanus sativus L). Due to their lack of target specificity, NPs may pose an environmental risk. The antibacterial properties of Ag and Cu nanoparticles (NP) are enhanced by their large reactive surface area, compared to bulk counterparts. Toxicity of NPs is attributed to their solubility and subsequent release of ions. However, the cytotoxic effects of NPs cannot always be attributed to the free ion fraction. The underpinning objective of this study was to link the response of microbial biosensors to detailed chemical analysis of NP dissolution products. NPs were suspended in Millipore water and in the presence of the steric stabiliser Na citrate and the resulting NP solubility characterised. Using chemical analysis this study quantified the flux of total dissolved metal (total [M]) and free metal ions [M+] from Ag and Cu NPs (Chapter 3). Two bioluminescent biosensors were used to assess the bioavailable metal fraction ([M]bio) of NP dissolution (Chapters 5 and 6). E. coli HB101 pUCD607 (bacterial) and M. citricolor (fungal) were chosen to represent NP toxicity across trophic levels using the same response mechanism. Additionally, the metal-induced bioreporter, P. fluorescens DF57-Cu15, was used to quantify the Cu bioavailability of Cu NP dissolution. By combining chemical and biological analysis this study inferred NP toxicity is not mass dependent, toxicity is dissolution dependent. Dissolution of Ag and Cu NPs in Millipore water was mostly in the [M+] form. This remained the case for Ag NPs in the presence of Na citrate. However, dissolution of Cu NPs in Na citrate was mostly as total [Cu]. This was due to Cu ions complexing readily with citrate. Toxicity of Ag NP dissolution in Millipore water was concentration dependent. Total [Ag] correlated with E. coli HB101 toxicity response. The addition of Na citrate reduced Ag NP dissolution and therefore reduced toxicity to E. coli HB101. M. citricolor was less sensitive than E. coli HB101 to the dissolution products of Ag NPs in Millipore water. However, the sensor was more sensitive to the dissolution of Ag NPs in Na citrate than E. coli HB101. Cu NPs were chemically stable in Millipore water. The bioreporter P. fluorescens DF57-Cu15 was not induced by Millipore suspensions and E. coli HB101 was not inhibited. However, M. citricolor responded to [Cu]bio of Millipore suspensions with a maximum 54% inhibition of bioluminescence. P. fluorescens DF57-Cu15 was induced by the dissolution products of Cu NPs with the addition of Na citrate, only at high NP concentrations (> 500 mg/L). [Cu]bio of the Na citrate suspensions was toxic to E. coli HB101. However, toxicity was greater for M. citricolor with a maximum…

Subjects/Keywords: 580; Nanoparticles; Toxicity testing

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APA (6^th Edition):

Widdowson, A. (2015). Microbial toxicity testing of inorganic nanoparticles. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Aberdeen. Retrieved from http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=227625 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.668985

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Widdowson, Alexandra. “Microbial toxicity testing of inorganic nanoparticles.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Aberdeen. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=227625 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.668985.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Widdowson, Alexandra. “Microbial toxicity testing of inorganic nanoparticles.” 2015. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Widdowson A. Microbial toxicity testing of inorganic nanoparticles. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Aberdeen; 2015. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=227625 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.668985.

Council of Science Editors:

Widdowson A. Microbial toxicity testing of inorganic nanoparticles. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Aberdeen; 2015. Available from: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=227625 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.668985

University of Hong Kong

24. 戎曼娜; Yung, Man-na, Mana. Influences of temperature and salinity on the physicochemical properties and toxicities of zinc oxide nanoparticles to microalgae.

Degree: PhD, 2016, University of Hong Kong

URL: Yung, M. M. [戎曼娜]. (2016). Influences of temperature and salinity on the physicochemical properties and toxicities of zinc oxide nanoparticles to microalgae. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5760954 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/226766

► As effective blockers of ultraviolet radiation, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are widely used in sunscreens and can be easily released into aquatic environments. When ZnO-NPs… (more)

▼ As effective blockers of ultraviolet radiation, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are widely used in sunscreens and can be easily released into aquatic environments. When ZnO-NPs enter the marine environment, their properties and toxicity may be altered by temperature and salinity. However, combined effects of temperature and salinity on their toxicity to aquatic organisms remain unknown. Moreover, ZnO-NPs are often coated with a synthetic layer in commercial sunscreens to enhance its adhesion to human skin and waterproof ability. Yet, what kind of coating could result in a low toxicity remains largely unknown. This study, therefore, aimed to (1) investigate the effect of environmental factors such as salinity, temperature and pH on physicochemical properties and toxicity of ZnO-NPs to microalgae, and (2) compare the physicochemical properties and toxicities of different coated and uncoated ZnO-NPs. Increases in salinity, temperature and pH enhanced the aggregation and reduced dissolution of ZnO-NPs. An increase in water temperature from 10 to 30°C reduced the zeta potential of ZnO-NPs, but an increase in salinity from 12 to 32 psu and an increase of pH from 7 to 8 did not affect their zeta potential. The increased aggregate size and decreased ion release with increasing salinity, and consequently lower concentration of bioavailable zinc ions, resulted in decreased toxicity of ZnO-NPs to the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana at higher salinity based on growth inhibition and photosynthetic responses. Their toxicity to the diatoms decreased from 10 to 25°C, and then increased at 30°C due to the incurred thermal stress. There were interacting effects of salinity and temperature on the toxicity of ZnO-NPs to T. pseudonana; their toxicity to the diatoms generally decreased with increasing salinity from 12 to 32 psu across temperatures between 10-25°C, but this trend did not hold at 30°C. Temperature is a more dominant factor than salinity, as it has strong influences on the diatom’s physiology and tolerance towards ZnO-NPs. Based on gene expression results, T. pseudonana exposed to ZnO-NPs at low salinity (12 psu) and extreme temperatures (10°C and 30°C), experienced diatom frustule damage, photosynthetic damage and oxidative stress earlier than the diatoms cultured at the high salinity (32 psu) and room temperature (25°C). Changes in gene expression patterns by temperature and salinity were related to zinc ions released from ZnO-NPs, particle-cell interactions and physiological changes in the diatoms. ZnO-NPs covered with organosilane coating suppressed aggregation and dissolution of ZnO-NPs. Toxicities of uncoated and silane-coated ZnO-NPs to six different microalgae species were species-specific. ZnO-NPs coated with hydrophobic dodecyltrichlorosilane (D-ZnO-NPs) generally exhibited lower toxicity to the microalgae than the uncoated ZnO-NPs and ZnO-NPs coated with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (A-ZnO-NPs).D-ZnO-NPs and uncoated ZnO-NPs induced oxidative stress in T. pseudonana, while A-ZnO-NPs and uncoated…

Subjects/Keywords: Zinc oxide - Toxicity; Microalgae

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APA (6^th Edition):

戎曼娜; Yung, Man-na, M. (2016). Influences of temperature and salinity on the physicochemical properties and toxicities of zinc oxide nanoparticles to microalgae. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Hong Kong. Retrieved from Yung, M. M. [戎曼娜]. (2016). Influences of temperature and salinity on the physicochemical properties and toxicities of zinc oxide nanoparticles to microalgae. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5760954 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/226766

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

戎曼娜; Yung, Man-na, Mana. “Influences of temperature and salinity on the physicochemical properties and toxicities of zinc oxide nanoparticles to microalgae.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Hong Kong. Accessed February 23, 2020. Yung, M. M. [戎曼娜]. (2016). Influences of temperature and salinity on the physicochemical properties and toxicities of zinc oxide nanoparticles to microalgae. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5760954 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/226766.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

戎曼娜; Yung, Man-na, Mana. “Influences of temperature and salinity on the physicochemical properties and toxicities of zinc oxide nanoparticles to microalgae.” 2016. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

戎曼娜; Yung, Man-na M. Influences of temperature and salinity on the physicochemical properties and toxicities of zinc oxide nanoparticles to microalgae. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Hong Kong; 2016. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: Yung, M. M. [戎曼娜]. (2016). Influences of temperature and salinity on the physicochemical properties and toxicities of zinc oxide nanoparticles to microalgae. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5760954 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/226766.

Council of Science Editors:

戎曼娜; Yung, Man-na M. Influences of temperature and salinity on the physicochemical properties and toxicities of zinc oxide nanoparticles to microalgae. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Hong Kong; 2016. Available from: Yung, M. M. [戎曼娜]. (2016). Influences of temperature and salinity on the physicochemical properties and toxicities of zinc oxide nanoparticles to microalgae. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5760954 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/226766

Baylor University

25. Bian, Jingyi, 1985-. Assessing interactions between nutrients and aquatic toxicity : influences of nitrogen and phosphorus on ionic silver toxicity to the aquatic macrophyte Lemna gibba.

Degree: Environmental Science., 2011, Baylor University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2104/8119

► Though nutrients and silver often co-occur in aquatic ecosystems, the combined effects of these environmental stressors on aquatic plants are poorly understood. Such coexposures are… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Aquatic ecosystems.; Nutrients.; Aquatic toxicity.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bian, Jingyi, 1. (2011). Assessing interactions between nutrients and aquatic toxicity : influences of nitrogen and phosphorus on ionic silver toxicity to the aquatic macrophyte Lemna gibba. (Thesis). Baylor University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2104/8119

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bian, Jingyi, 1985-. “Assessing interactions between nutrients and aquatic toxicity : influences of nitrogen and phosphorus on ionic silver toxicity to the aquatic macrophyte Lemna gibba. ” 2011. Thesis, Baylor University. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/8119.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bian, Jingyi, 1985-. “Assessing interactions between nutrients and aquatic toxicity : influences of nitrogen and phosphorus on ionic silver toxicity to the aquatic macrophyte Lemna gibba. ” 2011. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Bian, Jingyi 1. Assessing interactions between nutrients and aquatic toxicity : influences of nitrogen and phosphorus on ionic silver toxicity to the aquatic macrophyte Lemna gibba. [Internet] [Thesis]. Baylor University; 2011. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2104/8119.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Bian, Jingyi 1. Assessing interactions between nutrients and aquatic toxicity : influences of nitrogen and phosphorus on ionic silver toxicity to the aquatic macrophyte Lemna gibba. [Thesis]. Baylor University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2104/8119

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

26. Meenakshi, S. Studies on defluoridation of water with a few adsorbents and development of an indigenous defluoridation unit for domestic use;.

Degree: 2014, INFLIBNET

URL: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/16564

►

This thesis embodies the results of the laboratory studies on defluoridation of water with a few selected adsorbents. Based on these results an indigenous defluoridation… (more)

▼

This thesis embodies the results of the laboratory studies on defluoridation of water with a few selected adsorbents. Based on these results an indigenous defluoridation unit at domestic level is developed, the design and specification of which are also given. Field trials and the success of those trials are also discussed. newline newlineThe thesis is divided into three main chapters. In the first chapter a general introduction on fluoride toxicity, an over view of fluoride levels in naturally occurring water sources, fluoride bearing minerals in India and a review of various defluoridating agents studied so far in the literature are given in detail. newlineThe second chapter deals with the laboratory studies with a few selected adsorbents viz. magnesium oxide, activated alumina, tricalcium phosphate and bone charcoal for defluoridation of water. The methodology for the experimental determination of defluoridation capacities of the adsorbents is presented. Experimental details regarding the studies on the effect of certain variables like time period of contact, particle size, pH, temperature, concentrations of fluoride ion and concentrations of other ions like chloride, sulphate and bicarbonate are also presented. Determination of fluoride using the ion selective electrode method is described. Results of the experiments carried out are analysed in order to choose the best adsorbent material for development of an indigenous defluoridation unit. The mechanistic aspects of defluoridation of water with respect to each of the adsorbents are thoroughly discussed. newlineThe third chapter presents the details of the design and specifications of the model developed, cost analysis and results of the field trials. The performance of this unit and its acceptability by the users are presented in detail. newlineA consolidated list of references consulted is given at the end of the thesis to facilitate easy reference; references pertaining to each chapter are not separately listed to avoid duplication. newline newline

Advisors/Committee Members: Karthikeyan, G.

Subjects/Keywords: Defluoridation; Fluoride Toxicity; Water

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APA (6^th Edition):

Meenakshi, S. (2014). Studies on defluoridation of water with a few adsorbents and development of an indigenous defluoridation unit for domestic use;. (Thesis). INFLIBNET. Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/16564

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Meenakshi, S. “Studies on defluoridation of water with a few adsorbents and development of an indigenous defluoridation unit for domestic use;.” 2014. Thesis, INFLIBNET. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/16564.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Meenakshi, S. “Studies on defluoridation of water with a few adsorbents and development of an indigenous defluoridation unit for domestic use;.” 2014. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Meenakshi S. Studies on defluoridation of water with a few adsorbents and development of an indigenous defluoridation unit for domestic use;. [Internet] [Thesis]. INFLIBNET; 2014. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/16564.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Meenakshi S. Studies on defluoridation of water with a few adsorbents and development of an indigenous defluoridation unit for domestic use;. [Thesis]. INFLIBNET; 2014. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/16564

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

27. Jadhav, Vikas Viswas. Toxicity and risk assessment of bisphenol a; -.

Degree: Environmental Science, 2014, Shivaji University

URL: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/50418

None

Bibliography p.111 - 124

Advisors/Committee Members: Raut, P D.

Subjects/Keywords: Assessment; Toxicity

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jadhav, V. V. (2014). Toxicity and risk assessment of bisphenol a; -. (Thesis). Shivaji University. Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/50418

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jadhav, Vikas Viswas. “Toxicity and risk assessment of bisphenol a; -.” 2014. Thesis, Shivaji University. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/50418.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jadhav, Vikas Viswas. “Toxicity and risk assessment of bisphenol a; -.” 2014. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Jadhav VV. Toxicity and risk assessment of bisphenol a; -. [Internet] [Thesis]. Shivaji University; 2014. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/50418.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Jadhav VV. Toxicity and risk assessment of bisphenol a; -. [Thesis]. Shivaji University; 2014. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/50418

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Edinburgh

28. Pakravan, Nasrin. Paracetamol poisoning and its treatment in man.

Degree: 2008, University of Edinburgh

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4292

► Paracetamol is the most common drug taken in overdose in the UK. Although it has been used in overdose for about 50 years, there are… (more)

▼ Paracetamol is the most common drug taken in overdose in the UK. Although it has been used in overdose for about 50 years, there are many aspects of its toxicity and treatment that are not fully understood. In this thesis a series of related studies on paracetamol overdose are reported. The nephrotoxic effects of paracetamol in overdose have long been recognised. To better understand the mechanisms of this effect the effect of acute paracetamol overdose on plasma electrolytes were investigated, both retrospectively and, more intensively, prospectively. The results of these studies showed paracetamol overdose is associated with dose-related hypokalemia, and kaliuresis of short duration (<24h), suggesting a specific renal effect of paracetamol in overdose, perhaps via cyclo-oxygenase inhibition. This effect seems distinct from any nephrotoxic effect of paracetamol. In the third study the possible impact of features at admission, including renal impairment, on outcomes in a large cohort of patients who developed severe liver injury following paracetamol overdose was evaluated retrospectively. The key finding was that plasma creatinine, and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, at first admission appeared to be useful predictors of poor outcome. The last three studies focus on antidote treatment of paracetamol overdose. Intravenous acetylcysteine (NAC) has been used as treatment of choice for over 30 years in patients who are at risk of hepatotoxicity. There are reports of liver failure and death in patients who have “non-toxic” plasma paracetamol concentrations on the UKL nomogram, and who are therefore not treated. To better understand this, the frequency of liver failure in patients who had low paracetamol was assessed by examining retrospective data from the Scottish Liver Unit over a 12-year period. Similar data was collected in the University of Newcastle upon Tyne by colleagues there. Only a small percentage of patients developed hepatotoxicity when initial paracetamol was low. It was concluded that on a cost-benefit basis the current thresholds for antidote treatment should not be lowered. The final 2 studies examine adverse reactions (ADRs) to NAC, a common clinical problem. The pattern and mechanisms of ADRs in man are not well described or understood. Factors influencing the frequency of adverse effects were studied in a prospective manner. Paracetamol concentration and male gender were protective and family history of allergy was a risk factor for adverse effects in this cohort. In a smaller focussed study the roles of histamine and other biomarkers as underlying pathophysiological mechanisms in ADR occurrence were studied. The severity of ADRs correlated with the extent of histamine release, which was independent of tryptase increase, suggesting a non-mast cell source. The mechanisms by which paracetamol might lessen histamine release require further investigation.

Subjects/Keywords: 615.7; paracetamol toxicity; nephrotixicity; acetylcysteine

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Pakravan, N. (2008). Paracetamol poisoning and its treatment in man. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Edinburgh. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4292

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pakravan, Nasrin. “Paracetamol poisoning and its treatment in man.” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Edinburgh. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4292.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pakravan, Nasrin. “Paracetamol poisoning and its treatment in man.” 2008. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Pakravan N. Paracetamol poisoning and its treatment in man. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Edinburgh; 2008. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4292.

Council of Science Editors:

Pakravan N. Paracetamol poisoning and its treatment in man. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Edinburgh; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4292

29. Wani, Parvaze Ahmad. Heavy metal toxicity to plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, PGPR and certain legume crops;.

Degree: Agricultural Microbiology, 2008, Aligarh Muslim University

URL: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/53606

Abstract available newline newline

Summary p. 298-315, Bibliography p. 261-293, Appendix p. 294-297

Advisors/Committee Members: Khan, Mohd Saghir.

Subjects/Keywords: Toxicity; Rhizobacteria; Promoting; Legume; Growth

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wani, P. A. (2008). Heavy metal toxicity to plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, PGPR and certain legume crops;. (Thesis). Aligarh Muslim University. Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/53606

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wani, Parvaze Ahmad. “Heavy metal toxicity to plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, PGPR and certain legume crops;.” 2008. Thesis, Aligarh Muslim University. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/53606.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wani, Parvaze Ahmad. “Heavy metal toxicity to plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, PGPR and certain legume crops;.” 2008. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Wani PA. Heavy metal toxicity to plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, PGPR and certain legume crops;. [Internet] [Thesis]. Aligarh Muslim University; 2008. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/53606.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wani PA. Heavy metal toxicity to plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, PGPR and certain legume crops;. [Thesis]. Aligarh Muslim University; 2008. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/53606

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

30. Niu, Guodong. Toxicity of mycotoxins to insects and underlying molecular and biochemical mechanisms.

Degree: PhD, 0324, 2010, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/17002

► Mycotoxins are synthesized by fungi and released as secondary metabolites toxic to many animal species. The structurally diverse mycotoxins can be carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, estrogenic,… (more)

▼ Mycotoxins are synthesized by fungi and released as secondary metabolites toxic to many animal species. The structurally diverse mycotoxins can be carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, estrogenic, hemorrhagic, immunotoxic, nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, dermotoxic, and neurotoxic to humans and other mammals. To minimize the harmful effects of mycotoxins on humans, strict regulations have been established worldwide. Economic losses due to mycotoxin contamination are enormous and estimated at millions of dollars annually in the United States alone Insects inevitably encounter mycotoxins in nature when they feed on unharvested (mummy) fruits in orchard situations. Insects can be vectors of fungal spores and also facilitate fungal access to their host plants. Insects in turn may take advantage of fungi for protection against their natural enemies and for processing refractory plant constituents to increase their digestibility. This interaction is manifested in many crops as an association between insect damage and increase in mycotoxin contamination. Control of insects can thus reduce fungal toxin levels in crops. Understanding how insects deal with mycotoxins is critical in control of both insect pests and mycotoxin contamination. In this study, three insects, including Helicoverpa zea (corn earworm), Amyelois transitella (navel orangeworm) and Apis mellifera (honey bee) varying in their exposure to mycotoxins were selected to study toxicity of mycotoxins to insects and to elucidate their underlying mechanisms of toxicity. To compare toxicity of mycotoxins to H. zea with that to A. transitella, I measured the developmental delay caused by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and found that the LC50 (defined as the concentration preventing 50% of newly hatched larvae from entering the second instar within 48 hr) for AFB1 is 100 times greater for A. transitella than that for H. zea. Similarly, A. transitella first instars display substantially higher tolerance of ochratoxin A (OTA) than do H. zea. Honey bees and their resource-rich nests are hosts to a wide range of saprophytic fungi, including species that produce mycotoxins. Bioassays showed that the honey bee workers can tolerate relatively high levels of aflatoxins (1-2.5μg/g AFB1) and ochratoxins (1μg/g OTA). Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are critical in detoxification and activation of mycotoxins. In this study, I found that midgut homogenates isolated from H. zea larvae consuming diets supplemented with phytochemicals (coumarin and xanthotoxin) showed significant AFB1 disappearance and generated two metabolites, with the primary one identified as aflatoxin P1 (AFP1), an O-demethylated less toxic product of AFB1.Three P450 proteins from H. zea including CYP6B8, CYP6B27 and CYP321A1 were co-expressed with house fly reductase in insect cells and only the expressed CYP321A1 can metabolize AFB1, producing the same two metabolites as the midgut homogenates. RT-PCR gel blots indicated that the magnitude of CYP321A1 transcript induction by these chemicals is associated with… Advisors/Committee Members: Berenbaum, May R. (advisor), Schuler, Mary A. (advisor), Berenbaum, May R. (Committee Chair), Zangerl, Arthur R. (committee member), Robertson, Hugh M. (committee member), Schuler, Mary A. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: mycotoxin; cytochrome P450; toxicity; insect

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Niu, G. (2010). Toxicity of mycotoxins to insects and underlying molecular and biochemical mechanisms. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/17002

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Niu, Guodong. “Toxicity of mycotoxins to insects and underlying molecular and biochemical mechanisms.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/17002.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Niu, Guodong. “Toxicity of mycotoxins to insects and underlying molecular and biochemical mechanisms.” 2010. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Niu G. Toxicity of mycotoxins to insects and underlying molecular and biochemical mechanisms. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2010. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/17002.

Council of Science Editors:

Niu G. Toxicity of mycotoxins to insects and underlying molecular and biochemical mechanisms. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/17002

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Open Access Theses and Dissertations