subject:(Toxicity of Pesticides)

Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

1. Silva, P.M.C.S. De. Pesticide effects on earthworms : A tropical perspective .

Degree: 2009, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

Subjects/Keywords: Toxicity of pesticides to earth worms in tropical soil; Pesticides; soil polution; tropical; earthworms; sustainability

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APA (6^th Edition):

Silva, P. M. C. S. D. (2009). Pesticide effects on earthworms : A tropical perspective . (Doctoral Dissertation). Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1871/15407

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Silva, P M C S De. “Pesticide effects on earthworms : A tropical perspective .” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. Accessed December 12, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1871/15407.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Silva, P M C S De. “Pesticide effects on earthworms : A tropical perspective .” 2009. Web. 12 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Silva PMCSD. Pesticide effects on earthworms : A tropical perspective . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; 2009. [cited 2019 Dec 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1871/15407.

Council of Science Editors:

Silva PMCSD. Pesticide effects on earthworms : A tropical perspective . [Doctoral Dissertation]. Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1871/15407

Mahatma Gandhi University

2. Sulekha, B T. Certain biological aspects on the effects of pesticides in fishes;.

Degree: Zoology, 2015, Mahatma Gandhi University

URL: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/35266

newline

Bibliography p. 161-180, Plates p. i-xc

Advisors/Committee Members: Mercy, T V Anna.

Subjects/Keywords: Carcass proximate; Effect of pesticides; Fishes; Gill; Health; Histopathology; Kidney; Lethal toxicity; Liver; Sublethal toxicity

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sulekha, B. T. (2015). Certain biological aspects on the effects of pesticides in fishes;. (Thesis). Mahatma Gandhi University. Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/35266

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sulekha, B T. “Certain biological aspects on the effects of pesticides in fishes;.” 2015. Thesis, Mahatma Gandhi University. Accessed December 12, 2019. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/35266.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sulekha, B T. “Certain biological aspects on the effects of pesticides in fishes;.” 2015. Web. 12 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Sulekha BT. Certain biological aspects on the effects of pesticides in fishes;. [Internet] [Thesis]. Mahatma Gandhi University; 2015. [cited 2019 Dec 12]. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/35266.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Sulekha BT. Certain biological aspects on the effects of pesticides in fishes;. [Thesis]. Mahatma Gandhi University; 2015. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/35266

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Western Sydney

3. Nicholas, Adrian H. The pest status and management of woolly aphid in an Australian apple orchard IPM program.

Degree: 2000, University of Western Sydney

URL: http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/330

► The thesis studied the biological control of woolly aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum Hausm.) using European earwig (Forficula auricularia L.) in an Australian apple orchard IPM program.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD); apple; orchard; woolly aphid; pests; earwigs; toxicity; pesticides; fruit; chemical; biological; infestation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Nicholas, A. H. (2000). The pest status and management of woolly aphid in an Australian apple orchard IPM program. (Thesis). University of Western Sydney. Retrieved from http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/330

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nicholas, Adrian H. “The pest status and management of woolly aphid in an Australian apple orchard IPM program.” 2000. Thesis, University of Western Sydney. Accessed December 12, 2019. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/330.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nicholas, Adrian H. “The pest status and management of woolly aphid in an Australian apple orchard IPM program.” 2000. Web. 12 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Nicholas AH. The pest status and management of woolly aphid in an Australian apple orchard IPM program. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Western Sydney; 2000. [cited 2019 Dec 12]. Available from: http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/330.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Nicholas AH. The pest status and management of woolly aphid in an Australian apple orchard IPM program. [Thesis]. University of Western Sydney; 2000. Available from: http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/330

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

4. Sen, K.M. Studies on the influence of some auxin herbicides on grass-seed crops.

Degree: 1960, Pudoc

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/474983 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-474983 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-474983 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/474983

► Applications of 2,4-D or MCPA may cause malformations in the initiated leaves of both grasses and cereals, during vegetative stages of development. 2,4,5-TP also caused… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: gewasbescherming; herbiciden; plantenvermeerdering; auxinen; voedergrassen; Toxiciteit van bestrijdingsmiddelen; plant protection; herbicides; propagation; auxins; fodder grasses; Toxicity of Pesticides

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sen, K. M. (1960). Studies on the influence of some auxin herbicides on grass-seed crops. (Doctoral Dissertation). Pudoc. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/474983 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-474983 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-474983 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/474983

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sen, K M. “Studies on the influence of some auxin herbicides on grass-seed crops.” 1960. Doctoral Dissertation, Pudoc. Accessed December 12, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/474983 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-474983 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-474983 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/474983.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sen, K M. “Studies on the influence of some auxin herbicides on grass-seed crops.” 1960. Web. 12 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Sen KM. Studies on the influence of some auxin herbicides on grass-seed crops. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Pudoc; 1960. [cited 2019 Dec 12]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/474983 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-474983 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-474983 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/474983.

Council of Science Editors:

Sen KM. Studies on the influence of some auxin herbicides on grass-seed crops. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Pudoc; 1960. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/474983 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-474983 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-474983 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/474983

University of Florida

5. Keller, Anne E., 1952-. Toxicity testing with fish, zooplankton and mussels a comparison of sensitivities.

Degree: 1989, University of Florida

URL: http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00003768

Subjects/Keywords: Fish; Fresh water; Juveniles; Minnows; Mussels; Pesticides; Species; Toxicity; Toxicity tests; Zooplankton; Freshwater fishes – Effect of water pollution on; Unionidae – Effect of water pollution on; Water – Pollution – Toxicology; Zooplankton – Effect of water pollution on

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APA (6^th Edition):

Keller, Anne E., 1. (1989). Toxicity testing with fish, zooplankton and mussels a comparison of sensitivities. (Thesis). University of Florida. Retrieved from http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00003768

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Keller, Anne E., 1952-. “Toxicity testing with fish, zooplankton and mussels a comparison of sensitivities.” 1989. Thesis, University of Florida. Accessed December 12, 2019. http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00003768.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Keller, Anne E., 1952-. “Toxicity testing with fish, zooplankton and mussels a comparison of sensitivities.” 1989. Web. 12 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Keller, Anne E. 1. Toxicity testing with fish, zooplankton and mussels a comparison of sensitivities. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Florida; 1989. [cited 2019 Dec 12]. Available from: http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00003768.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Keller, Anne E. 1. Toxicity testing with fish, zooplankton and mussels a comparison of sensitivities. [Thesis]. University of Florida; 1989. Available from: http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00003768

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

6. Ohayo - Mitoko, G.J.A. Occupational pesticide exposure among Kenyan agricultural workers : an epidemiological and public health perspective.

Degree: 1997, Agricultural University

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39730 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39730 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39730 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39730

► This study was part of the Kenyan component of a multi-centre epidemiologic survey, the East African Pesticides Project. The general objective was to assess… (more)

▼ This study was part of the Kenyan component of a multi-centre epidemiologic survey, the East African Pesticides Project. The general objective was to assess the health hazards posed by pesticide handling, storage and use in agricultural estates and small farms in selected rural agricultural communities in Kenya where cotton, tobacco, flowers and other horticultural crops are grown, with a view to developing strategies for the prevention and control of pesticide poisoning. 666 agricultural workers, 120 agricultural extension workers and 108 health care workers from Naivasha, Wundanyi, Homabay and Migori comprised the study population. It was found that the 370 formulations registered for use in Kenya by the Pest Products Control Board (PCPB), represented 217 active ingredients. About 22% of the volume imported were highly hazardous, 20%, moderately hazardous, 45% slightly hazardous and the rest, unclassified. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition occurred in agricultural workers ( 390 exposed; 276 unexposed) as a result of exposure to organophosphate and carbamate pesticides. Acetylcholinesterase levels of 29.6% of exposed individuals were depressed to values below 60% of baseline. Workers from Naivasha had the largest inhibition (36%), followed by Homabay (35%), and Wundanyi (33%); workers from Migori had by far, the least inhibition (26%). Empirical modelling techniques were used to identify and quantify factors affecting exposure to cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides. The models were adequate as they explained 57-70% of the observed variability in acetylcholinesterase. There was no significant difference in personal hygiene practices between areas. Access to a washing and bathing facility had a positive effect while washing hands and bathing was found to be more reactive than proactive. Spraying had a more profound effect on cholinesterase levels than mixing of pesticides. It has also been shown that workers who sprayed less hazardous pesticides had less inhibition than their counterparts who sprayed more toxic pesticides. However, hardly any variability existed in factors such as personal protective devices and hygienic behaviour within areas, thereby limiting the power of the models to detect the effects of these potential factors affecting exposure. The prevalence of symptoms in this population was described in order to relate levels of inhibition to reported symptoms and to evaluate at which inhibition levels symptoms become elevated. The prevalence of symptoms was found to be higher during the high exposure period than during the low exposure period in the exposed subjects. The presence of a relationship between acetylcholinesterase inhibition, acetylcholinesterase level and respiratory, eye and central nervous system symptoms was established. Increased symptom prevalence was observed at acetylcholinesterase levels which are generally considered as non-adverse. The knowledge, perceptious, observed and reported practices were assessed for the population of agricultural workers. Knowledge was found to be low… Advisors/Committee Members: J.S.M. Boleij, H. Kromhout, M.A. Koelen.

Subjects/Keywords: beroepskwalen; toxische stoffen; toxicologie; gewasbescherming; pesticiden; nadelige gevolgen; gewervelde dieren; mens; kenya; Arbeidsomstandigheden, arbeidsvoorwaarden; Toxiciteit van bestrijdingsmiddelen; occupational disorders; toxic substances; toxicology; plant protection; pesticides; adverse effects; vertebrates; man; kenya; Working Conditions; Toxicity of Pesticides

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ohayo - Mitoko, G. J. A. (1997). Occupational pesticide exposure among Kenyan agricultural workers : an epidemiological and public health perspective. (Doctoral Dissertation). Agricultural University. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39730 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39730 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39730 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39730

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ohayo - Mitoko, G J A. “Occupational pesticide exposure among Kenyan agricultural workers : an epidemiological and public health perspective.” 1997. Doctoral Dissertation, Agricultural University. Accessed December 12, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39730 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39730 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39730 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39730.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ohayo - Mitoko, G J A. “Occupational pesticide exposure among Kenyan agricultural workers : an epidemiological and public health perspective.” 1997. Web. 12 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Ohayo - Mitoko GJA. Occupational pesticide exposure among Kenyan agricultural workers : an epidemiological and public health perspective. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1997. [cited 2019 Dec 12]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39730 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39730 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39730 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39730.

Council of Science Editors:

Ohayo - Mitoko GJA. Occupational pesticide exposure among Kenyan agricultural workers : an epidemiological and public health perspective. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1997. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39730 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39730 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39730 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39730

7. Everts, J.W. Sensitive indicators of side-effects of pesticides on the epigeal fauna of Arable land.

Degree: 1990, Agricultural University

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/12578 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-12578 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-12578 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/12578

► The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the possible impact of pesticides on epigeal arthropods in arable land. It was also… (more)

▼ The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the possible impact of pesticides on epigeal arthropods in arable land. It was also envisaged to develop a predictive model for possible undesirable effects of pesticides on the epigeal arthropod fauna using an indicator species from the field. The strategy was the following. In the field, species were identified that were (1) sensitive to a number of pesticides, (2) abundant, (3) regular in time and space and (4) easy to sample and identify (Phase I). Two species, the erigonid spiders Oedothorax apicatus (Blackwall) and Erigone atra (Blackwall) were selected for toxicity studies in the laboratory using deltamethrin as a model compound (Phase II). The results of these studies were used to develop a predictive model which was tested under field conditions (Phase III). Phase I: Initial Field Observations Phase I was implemented in the South Flevoland Polder, in cooperation with the State Authority for the Development of the Lake IJssel Polders. Observations on the above-ground arthropods were conducted in 17 commercially farmed fields and in one experimental field, from March 1985 to November 1986, during two growing seasons and one winter. The arthropods were sampled by pitfall traps in oilseed rape fields which were treated with a number of insecticides and herbicides, and in cereal fields which were either treated with herbicides or weeded chemically against herbs, at recommended dosages. In the experimental field, dosages were varied and the effect of ploughing was observed. During the treatments in situ bioassays were carried out with captive spiders. From @ 5100 pitfall samples over 200,000 specimens were identified, belonging to 147 taxa. The observed short term effects were the following. A limited number of species were significantly affected by the treatments with insecticides. These were the carabids Clivina fossor after deltamethrin applications and Trechus quadristriatus after fenitrothion, and 7 spider species. The latter were reduced after treatments with either deltamethrin, fenitrothion or bromophos-ethyl. No effects were observed of herbicide treatments. It was also demonstrated, however, that the effect of mechanical disturbance by ploughing was comparable to the strongest effects of insecticides. It was concluded that an assemblage of spider species consisting of Oedothorax apicatus , Erigone atra , E. dentipalpis , Meioneta rurestris and Bathyphantes gracilis may be a sensitive indicator for early detection of side-effects of insecticides. This group represents 80-90% of the erigonid and linyphiid fauna of arable land and they are common throughout North-Western Europe. The most abundant species, E. atra and O.apicatus were selected for further study. Possible long-term effects on the spider fauna have been studied in a transversal study in fields with different cultivation histories. The differences were… Advisors/Committee Members: J.H. Koeman.

Subjects/Keywords: gewasbescherming; pesticiden; pesticidenresiduen; persistentie; bodemfauna; micro-organismen; onbedoelde effecten; ecotoxicologie; bioaccumulatie; Toxiciteit van bestrijdingsmiddelen; plant protection; pesticides; pesticide residues; persistence; soil fauna; microorganisms; nontarget effects; ecotoxicology; bioaccumulation; Toxicity of Pesticides

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APA (6^th Edition):

Everts, J. W. (1990). Sensitive indicators of side-effects of pesticides on the epigeal fauna of Arable land. (Doctoral Dissertation). Agricultural University. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/12578 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-12578 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-12578 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/12578

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Everts, J W. “Sensitive indicators of side-effects of pesticides on the epigeal fauna of Arable land.” 1990. Doctoral Dissertation, Agricultural University. Accessed December 12, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/12578 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-12578 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-12578 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/12578.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Everts, J W. “Sensitive indicators of side-effects of pesticides on the epigeal fauna of Arable land.” 1990. Web. 12 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Everts JW. Sensitive indicators of side-effects of pesticides on the epigeal fauna of Arable land. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1990. [cited 2019 Dec 12]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/12578 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-12578 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-12578 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/12578.

Council of Science Editors:

Everts JW. Sensitive indicators of side-effects of pesticides on the epigeal fauna of Arable land. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1990. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/12578 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-12578 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-12578 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/12578

8. Heer, de, H. Measurements and computations on the behaviour of the insecticides azinphosmethyl and dimethoate in ditches.

Degree: 1979, Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/73036 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-73036 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-73036 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/73036

► The unintentional pollution of surface water was studied during spraying of the insecticides azinphos-methyl and dimethoate on two fruit farms. Spray drift depended closely on… (more)

▼ The unintentional pollution of surface water was studied during spraying of the insecticides azinphos-methyl and dimethoate on two fruit farms. Spray drift depended closely on the local situations at the fruit farms (windbreaks, distance from trees to ditches, paths) and on way of application. During application, the concentrations of both insecticides in water and in ditch bottoms were measured. Methods were adapted or developed for sampling, extraction, clean-up and gas-chromatography. Shortly after spraying, concentrations were several hundreds of mg m ^-3. The half-lives of azinphos- methyl ranged from 3 to 4 d; those for dimethoate ranged from 4 to 13 d. Water flow from and to ditch sections was estimated on both fruit farms during application. Flow through the ditch bottom was estimated as a closing item in a balance equation. All items of water balance were introduced into computation models of the behaviour of pesticides in surface water and bottom material. The set of differential equations was solved numerically after programming in the computer language CSMP III. Simulation of a trial with low discharge from a siphon-linked ditch indicated that conversion of both compounds in water was 70-90% of the material balances. Penetration into the ditch bottom was slow. During water flow through the ditches, convective transport and dispersion were predominant. Decline of azinphos-methyl and dimethoate was also measured in outdoor tank systems with a bottom layer. Fluctuations in pH and variations in light penetration influenced decline rates. Computations for the tank system indicated that conversion in the water compartment was the major item in material balance. The computed and measured masses of the insecticides in the bottom layer were less than 10% of the amount added. Conversion rates in surface water and in systems with anaerobic bottom material were measured in the laboratory at 10 and 20 °C. Conversion in water in the dark was slow, with half-lives of both compounds at about 100 d at 20 °C. The conversion rates of azinphos-methyl in anaerobic bottom material at 20 °C. was about ten times those in surface water. Copper ions were catalytic in the conversion of both insecticides in water. Advisors/Committee Members: W.H. van der Molen, A.F.H. Besemer.

Subjects/Keywords: sloten; insecticiden; pesticiden; oppervlaktewater; waterverontreiniging; aquatische toxicologie; fruitteelt; monitoring; Toxiciteit van bestrijdingsmiddelen; Waterkwaliteit; ditches; insecticides; pesticides; surface water; water pollution; aquatic toxicology; fruit growing; monitoring; Toxicity of Pesticides; Water Quality

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APA (6^th Edition):

Heer, de, H. (1979). Measurements and computations on the behaviour of the insecticides azinphosmethyl and dimethoate in ditches. (Doctoral Dissertation). Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/73036 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-73036 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-73036 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/73036

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Heer, de, H. “Measurements and computations on the behaviour of the insecticides azinphosmethyl and dimethoate in ditches.” 1979. Doctoral Dissertation, Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen. Accessed December 12, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/73036 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-73036 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-73036 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/73036.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Heer, de, H. “Measurements and computations on the behaviour of the insecticides azinphosmethyl and dimethoate in ditches.” 1979. Web. 12 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Heer, de H. Measurements and computations on the behaviour of the insecticides azinphosmethyl and dimethoate in ditches. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen; 1979. [cited 2019 Dec 12]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/73036 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-73036 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-73036 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/73036.

Council of Science Editors:

Heer, de H. Measurements and computations on the behaviour of the insecticides azinphosmethyl and dimethoate in ditches. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen; 1979. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/73036 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-73036 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-73036 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/73036

9. Jespers, A.B.K. Mode of action of the phenylpyrrole fungicide fenpiclonil in Fusarium sulphureum.

Degree: 1994, Agricultural University

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/24307 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-24307 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-24307 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/24307

► In the last few decades, plant disease control has become heavily dependent on fungicides. Most modem fungicides were discovered by random synthesis and empirical… (more)

▼ In the last few decades, plant disease control has become heavily dependent on fungicides. Most modem fungicides were discovered by random synthesis and empirical optimization of lead structures. In general, these fungicides have specific modes of action and meet modem enviromnental criteria. A disadvantage of modem fungicides is the potency of plant pathogens to acquire fungicide resistance. This phenomenon urges the agrochemical industry to search for chemicals with new modes of action. Natural products often have unique modes of action and can be used as lead structures in chemical synthesis programmes. One natural lead structure is the antifungal antibiotic pyrrolnitrin, produced by several Pseudomonas species. Its use in an optimization programme of CIBA-GEIGY A.G., Basel, Switzerland, led to the development of the highly active phenylpyrrole fungicides fenpiclonil (CGA 142705) and fludioxonil (CGA 173506). The elucidation of the mode of action of fenpiclonil is the topic of this thesis. Fenpiclonil is toxic to representatives of Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes. Its effect on several physiological processes was studied using the fungus Fusarium sulphureum as a sensitive target organism. The EC ₅₀ of fenpiclonil to radial growth on PDA and mycelial growth in Czapek Dox liquid medium is 0.5 and 4 μM, respectively. Fenpiclonil accumulates to a high level in mycelium of F. sulphureum and in artificial liposomes. The accumulation appears to be the result of a physico-chemical partitioning of the fungicide over lipids in mycelium and the medium. Accumulation is reversible as the fungicide is readily released from mycelium by washing with water. The fungus does not metabolize fenpiclonil upon incubation for 24 hours. At its EC ₅₀ (4 μM), feripiclonil does not immediately affect oxygen consumption, nuclear division, and DNA-, RNA-, protein-, chitin-, ergosterol- and (phospho)lipid biosynthesis. However, accumulation of amino acids and sugars is instantaneously inhibited at concentrations ranging from 4.2- 42 μM), The reduction in accumulation is accompanied by an increased accumulation of the membrane potential probe tetraphenylphosphonium(TPP ⁺) bromide (TPP ⁺) and a marginal change of the proton gradient probe propionic acid. This suggests that the biochemical mechanism of action of fenpiclonil may be related to membrane dependent transport processes. The increased accumulation of TPP ⁺is probably the result of changes of potentials over membranes of various cell compartments rather than from plasma membrane hyperpolarization. The fungicide neither influences membrane fluidity in artificial liposomes nor amino acid accumulation in bacterial vesicles. Thus, accumulation of the fungicide does not aspecifically effect functioning of various types of membranes. At its EC ₁₅ (0.4 μM), fenpiclonil selectively inhibits accumulation and incorporation of various monosaccharides into macromolecules of F.… Advisors/Committee Members: P.J.G.M. de Wit, M.A. de Waard.

Subjects/Keywords: gewasbescherming; pesticiden; pesticidenwerking; ongediertedodende eigenschappen; fungiciden; derivaten; deuteromycotina; pyrrool; tuberculariaceae; Fungiciden, bactericiden; Toxiciteit van bestrijdingsmiddelen; plant protection; pesticides; pesticidal action; pesticidal properties; fungicides; derivatives; deuteromycotina; pyrrole; tuberculariaceae; Fungicides, Bactericides; Toxicity of Pesticides

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Jespers, A. B. K. (1994). Mode of action of the phenylpyrrole fungicide fenpiclonil in Fusarium sulphureum. (Doctoral Dissertation). Agricultural University. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/24307 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-24307 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-24307 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/24307

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jespers, A B K. “Mode of action of the phenylpyrrole fungicide fenpiclonil in Fusarium sulphureum.” 1994. Doctoral Dissertation, Agricultural University. Accessed December 12, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/24307 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-24307 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-24307 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/24307.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jespers, A B K. “Mode of action of the phenylpyrrole fungicide fenpiclonil in Fusarium sulphureum.” 1994. Web. 12 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Jespers ABK. Mode of action of the phenylpyrrole fungicide fenpiclonil in Fusarium sulphureum. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1994. [cited 2019 Dec 12]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/24307 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-24307 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-24307 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/24307.

Council of Science Editors:

Jespers ABK. Mode of action of the phenylpyrrole fungicide fenpiclonil in Fusarium sulphureum. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1994. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/24307 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-24307 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-24307 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/24307

10. Jagers op Akkerhuis, G. Physical conditions affecting pyrethroid toxicity in arthropods.

Degree: 1993, Agricultural University

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/22860 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-22860 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-22860 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/22860

► The aim of this thesis was to obtain mechanistic information about how the toxicity of pesticides in the field is affected by physical factors,… (more)

▼ The aim of this thesis was to obtain mechanistic information about how the toxicity of pesticides in the field is affected by physical factors, pesticide bioavailability and arthropod behaviour. The pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin and linyphiid spiders were selected as pesticide-effect model. In Part I of this thesis the relationships between the toxic action of deltamethrin, physical factors and spider behaviour were studied in field experiments, and attention was focused on the contribution of walking behaviour to pesticide exposure. in Part 11 laboratory experiments were carried out where special attention was payed to residual bioavailability of deltamethrin and the effects of this compound on the behaviour and hygrothermal physiology of female O. apicatus . Part I: Field studies Field studies have shown that high walking activity in spiders after deltamethrin application leads to a strong reduction of the trapping success (Chapter 6). This supports the hypothesis that walking activity is an important means of exposure to residues of deltamethrin for spiders on the soil surface. The testing of the above hypothesis was made possible by the spraying of the pesticide under conditions of low and high spider walking activity, the use of small plots that still allowed for independent replication, and the use of a low level of toxicant application rate. The low application rate was chosen so that trapping success would then depend both on physical factors and the effect of the toxicant. The prediction of daily spider walking activity in relation to physical factors was based on observations of the effects of physical factors and internal activity rhythms on trapping success. Factors showing a very high positive or negative relationship with trapping success were identified in an experiment in which the number of spiders trapped daily in 30 pitfall traps for a period of 72 days was correlated with a number of easily measurable physical factors using multivariate analysis (Chapter 2). Another experiment demonstrated that spiders posess highly predictable, species dependent nicthemeral activity rhythms which are little affected by varying physical conditions, the latter implying an internal mechanism, i.e. some physiological factor (Chapter 3). It was shown that the independence of treatments for at least one week could be assured when traps in a certain field are surrounded by a similarly treated boundery of 7 meters, as spider migration into a sprayed plot was found to be relatively slow; however, the spatial distribution of spider activity showed rapid changes in relation to microclimatic conditions in the crop (Chapter 4). An appropriate low dose rate for deltamethrin was determined to be between 0.2 and 0.5 g ai ha ^-1deltamethrin (Chapter 5). Part II: Laboratory studies Laboratory experiments were used to study the bioavailability of deltamethrin in substrate, and the effect of deltamethrin on the hygrothermal physiology and… Advisors/Committee Members: J.H. Koeman.

Subjects/Keywords: geleedpotigen; gewasbescherming; insecticiden; acariciden; mollusciciden; pesticiden; pesticidenwerking; ongediertedodende eigenschappen; Insecticiden, acariciden; Toxiciteit van bestrijdingsmiddelen; arthropods; plant protection; insecticides; acaricides; molluscicides; pesticides; pesticidal action; pesticidal properties; Insecticides, Acaricides; Toxicity of Pesticides

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Jagers op Akkerhuis, G. (1993). Physical conditions affecting pyrethroid toxicity in arthropods. (Doctoral Dissertation). Agricultural University. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/22860 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-22860 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-22860 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/22860

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jagers op Akkerhuis, G. “Physical conditions affecting pyrethroid toxicity in arthropods.” 1993. Doctoral Dissertation, Agricultural University. Accessed December 12, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/22860 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-22860 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-22860 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/22860.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jagers op Akkerhuis, G. “Physical conditions affecting pyrethroid toxicity in arthropods.” 1993. Web. 12 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Jagers op Akkerhuis G. Physical conditions affecting pyrethroid toxicity in arthropods. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1993. [cited 2019 Dec 12]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/22860 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-22860 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-22860 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/22860.

Council of Science Editors:

Jagers op Akkerhuis G. Physical conditions affecting pyrethroid toxicity in arthropods. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1993. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/22860 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-22860 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-22860 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/22860

11. Debets, F.M.H. Contribution to the elucidation of the mechanism of hepatic porphyria induced by hexachlorobenzene and related polyhalogenated hydrocarbons.

Degree: 1981, Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/74369 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-74369 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-74369 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/74369

► Polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons are known to cause hepatic porphyria in man and in various species of animals. This disorder in porphyrin metabolism is attributed to… (more)

▼ Polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons are known to cause hepatic porphyria in man and in various species of animals. This disorder in porphyrin metabolism is attributed to a defect in the activity of the intermediary enzyme uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase in the heme biosynthetic parhway and leads to an accumulation (in the liver) and excretion (in urine and feces) of large amounts of mainly uroporphyrin. However, the mechanism underlying this block in the hepatic heme biosynthesis is not known.The present studies have been carried out to further elucidate the mechanism of action of polyhalogenated aromatic compounds (PHAs) on the hepatic heme biosynthesis. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB),. a member of this group of foreign chemicals, was used as a model compound in our investigations.Chapter 1 gives a review of literature data on those aspects of the toxicology, pharmacokinetics and biotransformation of PHAs that are relevant to explain their effects on the hepatic heme synthesis. Special emphasis is given to HCB.Chapter 2 describes the effects of pentachlorophenol (one of the main metabolites of HCB) on the induction of hepatic porphyria and mixed function oxygenases in female rats administered HCB. The porphyrinogenic effect of HCB was enhanced by simultaneous treatment with pentachlorophenol. whereas rats receiving pentachlorophenol alone developed no symptoms of hepatic porphyria. Pentachlorophenol showed a high affinity for membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (see also Chapter 4) and it was found to destroy cyrochrome P-450 in vitro. From these results it is concluded that pentachlorophenol is not the metabolite that ultimately causes hepatic porphyria. However. pentachlorophenol may contribute indirectly to the porphyrinogenic action of HCB by stimulating the heme biosynthesis as a result of an accelerated breakdown of cytochrome P-450 heme. The concomitant increased production of heme exacerbates the porphyria caused by the defect of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase.Chapter 3 deals with the effects of several compounds interfering with the biotransformation reactions of PHAs on the accumulation of porphyrins in primary cultures of chick embryo liver cells treated with PHAs. Pre-induction of the enzyme system involved in the biotransformation of PHAs markedly enhanced the porphyrinogenic effect of PHAs in chick embryo liver cells. Inhibition of the induction of δ-aminolevulinic acid synthase with increasing concentrations of hemin could not prevent PHA-induced porphyrin accumulation. inhibition of the mixed function oxygenase system or addition of elec trophile-trapping agents protected chick embryo liver cells against the porphyrinogenic effect of PHAs. A decrease of the level of intracellular glutathione with glutathione-depleting agents led to an enhancement of the cytotoxicity of PHAs in chick embryo liver cell cultures. It is suggested that a reactive intermediate, formed by biotransformation of the PHA, reacts with the catalytic SH-containing part of the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylating… Advisors/Committee Members: J.H. Koeman, J.J.T.W.A. Strik.

Subjects/Keywords: gechloreerde koolwaterstoffen; chlorofyl; hexachloorbenzeen; flavonoïden; leverziekten; organische chloorverbindingen; porfyrie; toxicologie; Toxiciteit van bestrijdingsmiddelen; Chemische bestrijding; chlorinated hydrocarbons; chlorophyll; hexachlorobenzene; flavonoids; liver diseases; organochlorine compounds; porphyria; toxicology; Toxicity of Pesticides; Chemical Control; cum laude

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Debets, F. M. H. (1981). Contribution to the elucidation of the mechanism of hepatic porphyria induced by hexachlorobenzene and related polyhalogenated hydrocarbons. (Doctoral Dissertation). Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/74369 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-74369 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-74369 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/74369

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Debets, F M H. “Contribution to the elucidation of the mechanism of hepatic porphyria induced by hexachlorobenzene and related polyhalogenated hydrocarbons.” 1981. Doctoral Dissertation, Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen. Accessed December 12, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/74369 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-74369 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-74369 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/74369.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Debets, F M H. “Contribution to the elucidation of the mechanism of hepatic porphyria induced by hexachlorobenzene and related polyhalogenated hydrocarbons.” 1981. Web. 12 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Debets FMH. Contribution to the elucidation of the mechanism of hepatic porphyria induced by hexachlorobenzene and related polyhalogenated hydrocarbons. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen; 1981. [cited 2019 Dec 12]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/74369 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-74369 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-74369 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/74369.

Council of Science Editors:

Debets FMH. Contribution to the elucidation of the mechanism of hepatic porphyria induced by hexachlorobenzene and related polyhalogenated hydrocarbons. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen; 1981. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/74369 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-74369 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-74369 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/74369

12. Vink, J.P.M. Pesticide biotransformation and fate in heterogeneous environments.

Degree: 1997, Agricultural University

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39045 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39045 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39045 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39045

► The effects and relative impacts of environmental variables on the behaviour of pesticides, through the effect on pesticide-degrading microorganisms, was studied in a broad… (more)

▼ The effects and relative impacts of environmental variables on the behaviour of pesticides, through the effect on pesticide-degrading microorganisms, was studied in a broad spectrum and covered the most relevant emission routes. It is shown that the effect of landscape geochemistry, which is a pre-set condition in an agricultural management, may be significant (chapter 2). Adjoining soil types, which occur within short distance in an agricultural unit, were characterized and tested on their pesticide leachability and potential risk to groundwater. The use of a ¹⁴C radio-labelled pesticide enabled accurate study of its movement in soil layers. Distinctly different pesticide behaviour in topsoil and subsoil layers were observed within this soil series sequence. An alternative of conventional (i.e. uniform) pesticide application rates, which generally results in over-treating some sites and under-treating others, is site specific treatment. In such managements, doses are tailored to individual soil types or soil properties. This may be beneficial from both an economical as an environmental point of view. A prerequisite in such pest managements is the accuracy and reliability in which the leaching potentials of pesticides in various soils are predicted. Of much concern is the fact that there appears to be little agreement between the existing pesticide leaching models in predicting the residence time in soil and subsequent leaching to groundwater (chapter 3). This may be especially valid in soils that display preferent flow patterns, in which solutes by-pass the soil matrix without being subjected to significant sorption and degradation. It was concluded that the introduction of a variety of conceptual descriptions, thus covering ranges in specific soil properties, may improve the applicability of such models. From an environmental point of view, it is necessary to approximate concentrations not only in terms of magnitude but also at the time and the duration at which these occur. With conventional application rates, distinctly different leaching behaviour was observed in a clay lysimeter for aldicarb, a carbamate nematicide, and simazine, an s- triazine herbicide. Aldicarb leached almost instantaneously, but its aerobe metabolites were found in very high concentrations which did not meet the EC-norm level for water over a period of 300 days. A mass balance for aldicarb showed that 0.35% of the initial dose had leached from the soil. However, when the two isosteric metabolites aldicarb-sulfoxide and aldicarb-sulfone were included in the mass balance, this percentage increased dramatically to almost 20%. The concentrations of both metabolites far exceeded those of the parent compound over a long period. Aldicarb is isosteric to acetylcholine, which plays an important role in the nerve system of organisms, and is therefore capable of inhibiting the performance of acetylcholine-esterase. Since aldicarb's metabolites are oxidation products, in which the critical molecular length is not… Advisors/Committee Members: F.A.M. de Haan, S.E.A.T.M. van der Zee.

Subjects/Keywords: pesticiden; pesticidenresiduen; milieuafbraak; microbiële afbraak; biotransformatie; fysicochemische eigenschappen; bodemeigenschappen; bodemchemie; rivieren; waterlopen; kanalen; oppervlaktewater; nederland; Toxiciteit van bestrijdingsmiddelen; Milieutoxicologie, ecotoxicologie; pesticides; pesticide residues; environmental degradation; microbial degradation; biotransformation; physicochemical properties; soil properties; soil chemistry; rivers; streams; canals; surface water; netherlands; Toxicity of Pesticides; Environmental Toxicology, Ecotoxicology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Vink, J. P. M. (1997). Pesticide biotransformation and fate in heterogeneous environments. (Doctoral Dissertation). Agricultural University. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39045 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39045 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39045 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39045

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Vink, J P M. “Pesticide biotransformation and fate in heterogeneous environments.” 1997. Doctoral Dissertation, Agricultural University. Accessed December 12, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39045 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39045 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39045 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39045.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Vink, J P M. “Pesticide biotransformation and fate in heterogeneous environments.” 1997. Web. 12 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Vink JPM. Pesticide biotransformation and fate in heterogeneous environments. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1997. [cited 2019 Dec 12]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39045 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39045 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39045 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39045.

Council of Science Editors:

Vink JPM. Pesticide biotransformation and fate in heterogeneous environments. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1997. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39045 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39045 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-39045 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/39045

13. Ntow, W.J. The use and fate of pesticides in vegetable-based agroecosystems in Ghana.

Degree: 2008, NARCIS

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/360668 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-360668 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-360668 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/360668

► The use of a wide range of chemicals to destroy pests and weeds is an important aspect of agricultural practice in Ghana, contributing to increased… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: pesticiden; endosulfan; lekkage; oppervlakkige afvoer; beroepsgevaren; choline esterase; ghana; acetylcholine esterase; milieuafbraak; agro-ecosystemen; persistente organische verontreinigende stoffen; bioaccumulatie; Toxiciteit van bestrijdingsmiddelen; pesticides; endosulfan; leakage; runoff; occupational hazards; cholinesterase; ghana; acetylcholinesterase; environmental degradation; agroecosystems; persistent organic pollutants; bioaccumulation; Toxicity of Pesticides

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ntow, W. J. (2008). The use and fate of pesticides in vegetable-based agroecosystems in Ghana. (Doctoral Dissertation). NARCIS. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/360668 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-360668 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-360668 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/360668

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ntow, W J. “The use and fate of pesticides in vegetable-based agroecosystems in Ghana.” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, NARCIS. Accessed December 12, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/360668 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-360668 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-360668 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/360668.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ntow, W J. “The use and fate of pesticides in vegetable-based agroecosystems in Ghana.” 2008. Web. 12 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Ntow WJ. The use and fate of pesticides in vegetable-based agroecosystems in Ghana. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. NARCIS; 2008. [cited 2019 Dec 12]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/360668 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-360668 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-360668 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/360668.

Council of Science Editors:

Ntow WJ. The use and fate of pesticides in vegetable-based agroecosystems in Ghana. [Doctoral Dissertation]. NARCIS; 2008. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/360668 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-360668 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-360668 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/360668

14. Brink, van den, P.J. Ecological and statistical evaluation of effects of pesticides in freshwater model ecosystems.

Degree: 1999, Agricultural University

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/60720 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-60720 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-60720 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/60720

► Aquatic risk assessment of pesticides The first tier in the aquatic risk assessment procedure consists of a comparison between a Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC)… (more)

▼ Aquatic risk assessment of pesticides The first tier in the aquatic risk assessment procedure consists of a comparison between a Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC) with a No Effect Concentration (NEC). A requirement for registration is that the PEC should not exceed the NEC. The NEC is calculated from the toxicity of the pesticide for defined standard test species (viz. algae Daphnia , fish) and an assessment factor, which accounts for potential differences between standard test species and indigenous species. The assessment factors used are 100 (to be multiplied with the acute EC50 of Daphnia and fish) or 10 (to be multiplied with the chronic NOEC of fish or EC50 of algae). Because this approach lacks ecological realism, the first aim of the present thesis was to validate the assessment factors used in the first tier by evaluating three chemicals with different modes of action (insecticide, herbicide, fungicide) as benchmark compounds. We compared the No Observed Effect Concentrations (NOECs), resulting from microcosm and mesocosm experiments using these compounds, with the NECs as used for the risk assessment procedure. Table 1 summarises the standards calculated from the first tier criteria set by the Uniform Principles (UP-standard), as well as the NOEC _ecosystem for acute and chronic exposure regimes for the three substances. In addition, Table 1 lists the Dutch water quality standards. The assessment factors seem to protect the tested aquatic ecosystem against acute and chronic exposure to the insecticide chlorpyrifos and against chronic exposure to the herbicide linuron and the fungicide carbendazim (Table 1; chapters 2, 3 and 4). Dutch water quality standards for these three compounds were lower than the UP-standards and thus also seem to protect the aquatic ecosystems tested when exposed to individual compounds. A comparison between the UP-standards and the Lowest Observed Effect Concentration at the ecosystem level (LOEC _ecosystem ) indicates that when the NEC is exceeded by a factor of 10, effects cannot be excluded in the case of chronic exposure. In the case of a single application of the insecticide chlorpyrifos, however, the assessment factor can be considered overprotective; an assessment factor of 10 instead of 100 would also seem to suffice. Two extensive literature reviews on the impact of insecticides and herbicides on aquatic microcosms and mesocosms also demonstrate that the first tier criteria of the Uniform Principles are generally adequate to protect different aquatic ecosystems from pesticide stress (Lahr et al., 1998; Van Wijngaarden et al., 1998). For compounds such as fungicides, however, hardly any information could be found in the open literature, so that validation of the assessment factors for these types of pesticide needs further attention. <TABLE CELLSPACING="1" CELLPADDING="4"" BORDER="1"><TR VALIGN="Top"><TD VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=6>Table 1:Derived UP-standards, Dutch water quality… Advisors/Committee Members: M. Scheffer, T.C.M. Brock, C.J.F. ter Braak.

Subjects/Keywords: ecosystemen; zoet water; verontreiniging; pesticiden; pesticidenresiduen; zoetwaterecologie; milieueffect; risicoschatting; habitats; modellen; herbiciden; fungiciden; insecticiden; waterinvertebraten; stress omstandigheden; aquatische ecosystemen; ecotoxicologie; Ecologie (algemeen); Toxiciteit van bestrijdingsmiddelen; ecosystems; fresh water; pollution; pesticides; pesticide residues; freshwater ecology; environmental impact; risk assessment; habitats; models; herbicides; fungicides; insecticides; aquatic invertebrates; stress conditions; aquatic ecosystems; ecotoxicology; Ecology (General); Toxicity of Pesticides

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Brink, van den, P. J. (1999). Ecological and statistical evaluation of effects of pesticides in freshwater model ecosystems. (Doctoral Dissertation). Agricultural University. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/60720 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-60720 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-60720 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/60720

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Brink, van den, P J. “Ecological and statistical evaluation of effects of pesticides in freshwater model ecosystems.” 1999. Doctoral Dissertation, Agricultural University. Accessed December 12, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/60720 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-60720 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-60720 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/60720.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Brink, van den, P J. “Ecological and statistical evaluation of effects of pesticides in freshwater model ecosystems.” 1999. Web. 12 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Brink, van den PJ. Ecological and statistical evaluation of effects of pesticides in freshwater model ecosystems. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1999. [cited 2019 Dec 12]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/60720 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-60720 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-60720 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/60720.

Council of Science Editors:

Brink, van den PJ. Ecological and statistical evaluation of effects of pesticides in freshwater model ecosystems. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1999. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/60720 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-60720 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-60720 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/60720

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Open Access Theses and Dissertations