subject:(Tampons)

Rochester Institute of Technology

1. Borowski, Ann. Are American women turning to reusable and greener menstrual products due to health and environmental pollution concerns?.

Degree: Civil Engineering Technology Environmental Management and Safety (CAST), 2011, Rochester Institute of Technology

URL: https://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses/544

► This research investigates environmental and health concerns related to disposable tampons and sanitary napkins. Much like diapers, tampons and sanitary napkins are comprised of synthetic… (more)

▼ This research investigates environmental and health concerns related to disposable tampons and sanitary napkins. Much like diapers, tampons and sanitary napkins are comprised of synthetic materials that do not readily decompose. A woman will menstruate for approximately 40 years of her life. During that time, a significant amount of disposable feminine hygiene products accumulate in landfills and at times wash up on the shores of local beaches. Additionally, during the manufacturing and bleaching process, there is potential for dioxin to be created which has both health and environmental impacts. From a health perspective, many women experience discomfort, infection, and in some cases, are stricken with cancer. Given that disposables are a potential concern from a health and environmental perspective, this study examined the following question: "Are American women turning to reusable and greener menstrual products due to health and environmental pollution concerns"? For this work, 160 people were surveyed to answer this question and determine if women were aware of these environmental and health issues and if they knew of greener and healthier alternatives other than conventional disposable pads and tampons. Additionally, interviews were conducted with a product developer of conventional pads and tampons, a manufacturer of reusable pads and feminine cups, a therapist who has worked with consumer development, as well as a woman who uses alternative menstruation products. The results of the study suggest that women are most concerned about the price of products and environmental impact. Many women would consider switching to a "greener" product such as a 100% organic cotton tampon or pad, but as learned during interviews and additional research, the definition of "green" is open for debate. While reusable menstruation products such as reusable pads or insertable cups are in fact the "greenest" option, many women would not consider these as they must be cleaned or laundered. Although this research suggests that women are willing to consider reusable and greener menstrual products, there needs to be a better understanding of what is indeed "green" from both a health and environmental perspective. As learned in this research, what is better for the environment is not always better from a women's health perspective. Key Words: green; greener, greenest; menstruation; period; disposable; pads; sanitary napkins; tampons; insertable cups; feminine products; feminine cups; feminine hygiene; alternative menstruation products; reusable; safety; decompose; decomposition; biodegrade; gynecological; environment; environmental; organic; cotton; rayon; synthetic fibers; health, women's health; pollution; waste; purchasing; cost. Advisors/Committee Members: Morelli, John.

Subjects/Keywords: Disposable; Green; Health; Menstruation; Pads; Tampons

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APA (6^th Edition):

Borowski, A. (2011). Are American women turning to reusable and greener menstrual products due to health and environmental pollution concerns?. (Thesis). Rochester Institute of Technology. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses/544

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Borowski, Ann. “Are American women turning to reusable and greener menstrual products due to health and environmental pollution concerns?.” 2011. Thesis, Rochester Institute of Technology. Accessed January 20, 2021. https://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses/544.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Borowski, Ann. “Are American women turning to reusable and greener menstrual products due to health and environmental pollution concerns?.” 2011. Web. 20 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Borowski A. Are American women turning to reusable and greener menstrual products due to health and environmental pollution concerns?. [Internet] [Thesis]. Rochester Institute of Technology; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 20]. Available from: https://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses/544.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Borowski A. Are American women turning to reusable and greener menstrual products due to health and environmental pollution concerns?. [Thesis]. Rochester Institute of Technology; 2011. Available from: https://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses/544

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

2. Thomson, Anne T. Noninfectious factors associated with cervical inflammation on Pap smear results.

Degree: 2000, Texas Woman's University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11274/7324

► The purpose of this study was to establish if there is a relationship between degree of tampon use and cervical inflammation of women with no… (more)

▼ The purpose of this study was to establish if there is a relationship between degree of tampon use and cervical inflammation of women with no history of sexually transmitted disease, previous abnormal Pap smears, and no current abnormal vaginal symptoms. This non-experimental retrospective study was conducted using medical record review with complete confidentiality of the sample maintained at all times. The study population consisted of women who accessed a family practice clinic in the Dallas/Fort Worth area for a physical examination including a Pap smear between March 1 , 1999 and February 29, 2000. Forty-four women met the study sample criteria of history of normal Pap smears , no history of sexually transmitted disease, having monthly menstrual cycles, and between 18 and 40 years of age . The methodology consisted of reviewing medical records to collect descriptive statistics on the sample which included: (a) tobacco use, (b) last menstrual period, (c) last occurrence of intercourse, (d) last occurrence of douching, and (e) type of birth control. Self-reported data on tampon use was also obtained from the medical records and the researcher computed the percentage of tampon use per menstrual cycle. The variables of tampon use were recorded as never use, tampon use 1% to 25% of time per menstrual cycle, tampon use 26% to 50% of time per menstrual cycle, and tampon use 51% to 100% of time per menstrual cycle. Degree of inflammation reported on the Pap smear laboratory sheet was recorded as none, mild, moderate, or marked. Using Chi-square for data analysis, a statistically significant relationship was found between tampon use and cervical inflammation based on Pap smear results. A statistically significant relationship was also found between degree of tampon use and degree of inflammation based on Pap smear results. Study findings suggests that health care providers and patient educators should assume a more active role in explaining the appropriate use, benefits, and potential risk of tampon use .

Subjects/Keywords: Pap test; Vaginitis; Tampons – Complications

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APA (6^th Edition):

Thomson, A. T. (2000). Noninfectious factors associated with cervical inflammation on Pap smear results. (Thesis). Texas Woman's University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11274/7324

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Thomson, Anne T. “Noninfectious factors associated with cervical inflammation on Pap smear results.” 2000. Thesis, Texas Woman's University. Accessed January 20, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11274/7324.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Thomson, Anne T. “Noninfectious factors associated with cervical inflammation on Pap smear results.” 2000. Web. 20 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Thomson AT. Noninfectious factors associated with cervical inflammation on Pap smear results. [Internet] [Thesis]. Texas Woman's University; 2000. [cited 2021 Jan 20]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11274/7324.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Thomson AT. Noninfectious factors associated with cervical inflammation on Pap smear results. [Thesis]. Texas Woman's University; 2000. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11274/7324

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

3. Linscott, Margaret. An analysis of public and feminist rhetoric for menstrual equity.

Degree: 2018, James Madison University

URL: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/honors201019/617

► In August of 2017, James Madison University installed free tampon and pad dispensers in major restrooms across its campus. This development was the result of… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: menstruation; social activism; menstrual equity; tampons; public writing; period stigma; Rhetoric

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Linscott, M. (2018). An analysis of public and feminist rhetoric for menstrual equity. (Masters Thesis). James Madison University. Retrieved from https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/honors201019/617

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Linscott, Margaret. “An analysis of public and feminist rhetoric for menstrual equity.” 2018. Masters Thesis, James Madison University. Accessed January 20, 2021. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/honors201019/617.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Linscott, Margaret. “An analysis of public and feminist rhetoric for menstrual equity.” 2018. Web. 20 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Linscott M. An analysis of public and feminist rhetoric for menstrual equity. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. James Madison University; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 20]. Available from: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/honors201019/617.

Council of Science Editors:

Linscott M. An analysis of public and feminist rhetoric for menstrual equity. [Masters Thesis]. James Madison University; 2018. Available from: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/honors201019/617

4. Debortoli, Nathan Dos Santos. Régime des pluies et déforestation en Amazonie Méridionale : O regime de chuvas na Amazônia Meridional e sua relação com o desmatamento.

Degree: Docteur es, Géographie, 2013, Rennes 2; Universidade de Brasília

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2013REN20037

►

207 postes pluviométriques de l’Agence brésilienne sur l’eau (ANA) dans le sud de l'Amazonie et au nord du Cerrado sont analysés, tout en utilisant des… (more)

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207 postes pluviométriques de l’Agence brésilienne sur l’eau (ANA) dans le sud de l'Amazonie et au nord du Cerrado sont analysés, tout en utilisant des tests non-paramétriques de Pettitt qui identifie les ruptures dans les séries chronologiques de pluviométrie, le test de Mann-Kendall qui détecte des tendances annuelles et saisonnières des indices pluviométriques, ainsi qu’un modèle de régression linéaire qui identifie les tendances subtiles de croissance ou décroissance dans les précipitations. Le test de Pettitt a indiqué 16% des ruptures dans les séries chronologiques des précipitations, et le test mensuel/saisonnière de Mann-Kendall a mis en évidence que 41% des postes ont des tendances négatives, principalement dans les saisons de transition (début et fin de la saison de pluie). Le modèle de régression linéaire a montré que 63% des données ont présenté des tendances négatives. Et en fine échelle les données temporelles nous ont permis d’identifier les dates de début et fin de la saison des pluies. Les résultats suggèrent qu'il existe de forts contrastes entre l'Amazonie et le Cerrado. Cette analyse chronologique a également indiqué que durant la période couverte par l’étude il y a eu un retard dans le début de la saison des pluies pour 84% des postes pluviométriques, et pour la fin un décalage prématuré de 76%, et pour son ampleur une diminution en 88%. L’analyse de krigeage exponentielle ordinaire des postes pluviométriques dans les zones déboisées a également révélé qu’il y a d’importantes chances que la déforestation soit un adjuvant à l'affaiblissement de la saison des pluies, en particulier dans les zones fortement déboisées de l’État de Mato Grosso et les régions au nord de l’État de Rondônia. Dans ce travail, des séries chronologiques des précipitations sont mises en corrélation avec des données d’occupation du sol, acquises par des images satellites Landsat 5, à partir d'une perspective temporelle. Cette analyse des zones tampons (1-50km) est divisée par 3 périodes de couverture forestière (avant 1997, parmi 1997-2010 et 2010) a indiqué que sur le plan local, au niveau des précipitations, il n’existe pas de corrélation. Pourtant, la méthodologie des zones tampons a suggéré que dans les grandes zones forestières, elle peut éventuellement s’appliquer. Malgré que les données climatiques ne montrent pas decorrélation significative avec les données de la couverture forestière, les analyses de Pettit, Mann-Kendall, la régression linéaire et l'identification de la saison des pluies rejoignent des découvertes récentes sur les modèles de circulation de large-échelle

207 Rain Gauges (RG) of the Brazilian National Agency for Water (ANA) were analyzed using statistical non-parametrical tests. The Pettitt’s test identified ruptures in the chronological rainfall series, while the Mann-Kendall’s test detected annual and seasonal tendencies in rainfall indexes and a linear regression analysis identified slight gain or loss in precipitation. Pettitt’s test indicated 16% of ruptures in the chronological rainfall series…

Advisors/Committee Members: Dubreuil, Vincent (thesis director), Filho, Saulo Rodrigues (thesis director).

Subjects/Keywords: Pluviométrie; Saison des Pluies; Zones Tampons; Rainfall; Rainy Season; Buffer Zones; Pluviometria; Estação Chuvosa; Zonas Tampão; 551.6; 577.3

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Debortoli, N. D. S. (2013). Régime des pluies et déforestation en Amazonie Méridionale : O regime de chuvas na Amazônia Meridional e sua relação com o desmatamento. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rennes 2; Universidade de Brasília. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2013REN20037

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Debortoli, Nathan Dos Santos. “Régime des pluies et déforestation en Amazonie Méridionale : O regime de chuvas na Amazônia Meridional e sua relação com o desmatamento.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Rennes 2; Universidade de Brasília. Accessed January 20, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN20037.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Debortoli, Nathan Dos Santos. “Régime des pluies et déforestation en Amazonie Méridionale : O regime de chuvas na Amazônia Meridional e sua relação com o desmatamento.” 2013. Web. 20 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Debortoli NDS. Régime des pluies et déforestation en Amazonie Méridionale : O regime de chuvas na Amazônia Meridional e sua relação com o desmatamento. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rennes 2; Universidade de Brasília; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 20]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2013REN20037.

Council of Science Editors:

Debortoli NDS. Régime des pluies et déforestation en Amazonie Méridionale : O regime de chuvas na Amazônia Meridional e sua relação com o desmatamento. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rennes 2; Universidade de Brasília; 2013. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2013REN20037

University of New Orleans

5. Reuter, Erik Shaun. Ice Cream, You Scream.

Degree: M.F.A., Film, Theatre, and Communication Arts, 2010, University of New Orleans

URL: https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1225

► I set out to make a lighthearted comedy punctuated with some scary moments. I wanted this story to come from a seven-year-old girl's point… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Ice cream; Scream; Thesis; Shadow; Monster; Cow; Film; Movie; Black; White; Magic; Phone; Sister; Lighting; Doctor; Knife; Hippo; Maxi pads; Tampons

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APA (6^th Edition):

Reuter, E. S. (2010). Ice Cream, You Scream. (Thesis). University of New Orleans. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1225

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Reuter, Erik Shaun. “Ice Cream, You Scream.” 2010. Thesis, University of New Orleans. Accessed January 20, 2021. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1225.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Reuter, Erik Shaun. “Ice Cream, You Scream.” 2010. Web. 20 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Reuter ES. Ice Cream, You Scream. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of New Orleans; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 20]. Available from: https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1225.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Reuter ES. Ice Cream, You Scream. [Thesis]. University of New Orleans; 2010. Available from: https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1225

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

6. Froger, Vincent. Couches minces de chalcogénures de zinc déposées par spray-CVD assisté par rayonnement infrarouge pour des applications photovoltaïques : Zinc chalcogenides thin films deposited by infrared assisted spray-CVD for photovoltaic applications.

Degree: Docteur es, Génie énergétique, 2012, Paris, ENSAM

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2012ENAM0040

►

Parmi les différentes cellules photovoltaïques existantes, les technologies à base de CIGS représentent aujourd'hui une alternative sérieuse à celles basées sur le silicium. De même,… (more)

▼

Parmi les différentes cellules photovoltaïques existantes, les technologies à base de CIGS représentent aujourd'hui une alternative sérieuse à celles basées sur le silicium. De même, les technologies organiques émergent en vue d'applications sur le marché de la faible puissance. Afin d'être parfaitement concurrentielle, ces cellules doivent s'affranchir au maximum de la présence d'indium (surcoût) au sein de leurs structures (TCO, couche absorbante), ou de matériaux toxiques comme le CdS utilisé en tant que couche tampon. Les chalcogénures de zinc tels que le Zn1-xMgxO ou le ZnOzS1-z peuvent être employées à la place du CdS grâce à leurs propriétés semi-conductrices. En dopant le Zn1-xMgxO par un ou plusieurs atomes métalliques trivalents, on peut également créer des électrodes transparentes (TCO) pouvant substituer les électrodes traditionnelles à base d'indium (ITO). Les couches minces synthétisées au cours de ce travail ont été réalisées par spray-CVD, une technique de dépôt hybride et innovante utilisant un mode de chauffage radiatif. Les améliorations apportées au réacteur expérimental et les avantages qu'elles dégagent en font une alternative crédible aux techniques traditionnelles. Les couches de Zn1-xMgxO ainsi synthétisées exhibent de très bonnes propriétés, dont une énergie de gap facilement ajustable, une forte mobilité électronique et une très bonne transparence. De même, des couches de ZnS ont été réalisées par l'usage d'un précurseur original, permettant de s'affranchir du ZnCl2 (corrosif) couramment utilisé en spray pyrolyse. Les différents TCO étudiés ont montré de faibles résistivités (10-3 Ω.cm) et ont pu être testés dans des cellules solaires organiques en structures inverses.

In the field of photovoltaic devices, organic and CIGS-based solar cells are both promising way to compete with silicon-based technologies for low and high power generation. In order to provide safe and cost-effective thin films for these devices, zinc chalcogenides layers represent interesting opportunities to replace indium (expensive) and cadmium-based (toxic) layers. Semiconductors like Zn1-xMgxO and ZnS had been synthesized using an infrared assisted spray-CVD apparatus. The interaction between an aerosol and the infrared radiation is the main innovation in this process and sparked off many advantages. With this simple, vacuum-free and chemical soft technique, Zn1-xMgxO thin films exhibit excellent optical transparency, high electrical conductivity and an easily band gap adjustment. The obtained properties, compared with those reported by other traditional techniques, classed infrared assisted spray-CVD as an interesting and promising alternative technique in order to deposit thin films for such applications. ZnS thin films had been prepared with an original chemical precursor which enable to work without ZnCl2, the traditional corrosive chemical precursor in spray pyrolysis. In addition to that, some transparent conductive oxides (TCO) had been investigated by doping ZnO and Zn1-xMgxO layers with aluminum and/or…

Advisors/Committee Members: Bouteville, Anne (thesis director).

Subjects/Keywords: Couches minces; Chalcognéures de zinc; Spray-CVD; Cellules solaires; Couches tampons; Électrodes transparentes; Thin films; Zinc chalcogenides; Spray-CVD; Solar cells; Buffer layers; Transparent conductive materials

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Froger, V. (2012). Couches minces de chalcogénures de zinc déposées par spray-CVD assisté par rayonnement infrarouge pour des applications photovoltaïques : Zinc chalcogenides thin films deposited by infrared assisted spray-CVD for photovoltaic applications. (Doctoral Dissertation). Paris, ENSAM. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2012ENAM0040

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Froger, Vincent. “Couches minces de chalcogénures de zinc déposées par spray-CVD assisté par rayonnement infrarouge pour des applications photovoltaïques : Zinc chalcogenides thin films deposited by infrared assisted spray-CVD for photovoltaic applications.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Paris, ENSAM. Accessed January 20, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENAM0040.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Froger, Vincent. “Couches minces de chalcogénures de zinc déposées par spray-CVD assisté par rayonnement infrarouge pour des applications photovoltaïques : Zinc chalcogenides thin films deposited by infrared assisted spray-CVD for photovoltaic applications.” 2012. Web. 20 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Froger V. Couches minces de chalcogénures de zinc déposées par spray-CVD assisté par rayonnement infrarouge pour des applications photovoltaïques : Zinc chalcogenides thin films deposited by infrared assisted spray-CVD for photovoltaic applications. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Paris, ENSAM; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 20]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2012ENAM0040.

Council of Science Editors:

Froger V. Couches minces de chalcogénures de zinc déposées par spray-CVD assisté par rayonnement infrarouge pour des applications photovoltaïques : Zinc chalcogenides thin films deposited by infrared assisted spray-CVD for photovoltaic applications. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Paris, ENSAM; 2012. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2012ENAM0040

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