subject:(Street canyon)

Universiteit Utrecht

1. Eeftens, M.R. Spatial contrasts in air pollution and the effects on lung function in children.

Degree: 2015, Universiteit Utrecht

URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/315552

► Within the framework of the ESCAPE project (European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects), we aimed to characterize and explain spatial contrasts in ambient… (more)

▼ Within the framework of the ESCAPE project (European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects), we aimed to characterize and explain spatial contrasts in ambient air pollution within and between European study areas. Following a standard protocol, project partners selected “street” and “background” measurement sites in 36 study areas, and measured using identical equipment. NO2 and NOX measurements were available from 40 different sites in each area (80 in The Netherlands/Belgium and Catalunya). PM2.5 (particles <2.5 µm), PM2.5 absorbance (the “blackness” of PM2.5 filters; an indicator for soot), PM10 (particles <10 µm) and PMcoarse (PM10 minus PM2.5) measurements were available for 20 of those areas, for a subset of 20 sites per area (40 in The Netherlands/Belgium and Catalunya). Significant contrasts between street and background concentrations were seen for all pollutants, but most clearly for NO2 and NOX. The measured concentrations formed the basis for the development of land use regression (LUR) models for each study area. LUR models for PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance, PM10 and PMcoarse were developed by evaluating which environmental factors (represented by variables derived from a Geographic Information System (GIS)) were best able to explain the spatial variability in pollution concentration. Derived LUR models explained a moderate to high portion of variance for all pollutants using predictors related to traffic intensity, population density and nearby industrial and harbour sites. LUR models cannot accurately predict the high concentrations measured in urban canyons: narrow streets with (relatively) tall buildings. Using 3-dimensional building data and GIS, we derived four indicators for this canyon effect, among which the SkyView Factor (the total fraction of sky visible from the measurement site). Basic LUR models were developed based on NO2 and NOX data from 132 sites in the Netherlands. Although consideration of the canyon indicators increased the explained variance only modestly, the P10-P90 range of the SkyView Factor explained substantial concentration differences for both NO2 (5.6 μg/m³)and NOX (10.9 μg/m³). Particulate matter is a heterogeneous mixture of particles which differ in size, shape and composition and hence –presumably- toxicity. We estimated long-term exposure to eight elemental constituents of particulate matter (copper, iron, potassium, nickel, sulphur, silicon, vanadium, zinc) at the homes of 4659 children involved in five birth cohorts. FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in the first second of exhalation) was determined when the children were 6 or 8 years old. After combining cohort-specific findings into a meta-analysis, we found a small decrease in FEV1 associated with exposure to nickel and sulphur. However, heterogeneity was larger for the various PM constituents than for PM10 and PM2.5 mass, and low FEV1 was more consistently associated with PM mass. Recent advancements in the application of LUR models have targeted the concentration data, the predictor variables, the… Advisors/Committee Members: Brunekreef, B., Hoek, G., Beelen, R.M.J..

Subjects/Keywords: Air pollution; Particulate matter; Street canyon; Modelling; Lung function

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APA (6^th Edition):

Eeftens, M. R. (2015). Spatial contrasts in air pollution and the effects on lung function in children. (Doctoral Dissertation). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/315552

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Eeftens, M R. “Spatial contrasts in air pollution and the effects on lung function in children.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/315552.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Eeftens, M R. “Spatial contrasts in air pollution and the effects on lung function in children.” 2015. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Eeftens MR. Spatial contrasts in air pollution and the effects on lung function in children. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/315552.

Council of Science Editors:

Eeftens MR. Spatial contrasts in air pollution and the effects on lung function in children. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2015. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/315552

University of Utah

2. Addepalli, Bhagirath. Flow and dispersion in urban areas: experimental investigation, event reconstruction, and form optimization.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2016, University of Utah

URL: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/4115/rec/1044

► The present work focuses on developing a holistic understanding of flow and dispersion in urban environments. Toward this end, ideas are drawn from the fields… (more)

▼ The present work focuses on developing a holistic understanding of flow and dispersion in urban environments. Toward this end, ideas are drawn from the fields of physical modeling, inverse modeling, and optimization in urban fluid dynamics. The physical modeling part of the dissertation investigates flow in the vicinity of tall buildings using wind tunnel two-dimensional particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements. The data obtained have been used to evaluate and improve urban wind and dispersion models. In the inverse modeling part of the dissertation, an event reconstruction tool is developed to quickly and accurately characterize the source parameters of chemical / biological / radiological (CBR) agents released into the atmosphere in an urban domain. Event reconstruction is performed using concentration measurements obtained from a distributed sensor network in the city, where the spatial coordinates of the sensors are known a priori. Source characterization comprises retrieving several source parameters including the spatial coordinates of the source, the source strength, the wind speed, and wind direction at the source, etc. The Gaussian plume model is adopted as the forward model, and derivative-based optimization is chosen to take advantage of its simple analytical nature. The solution technique developed is independent of the forward model used and is comprised of stochastic search with regularized gradient optimization. The final part of the dissertation is comprised of urban form optimization. The problem of identification of urban forms that result in the best environmental conditions is referred to as the urban form optimization problem (UFOP). The decision variables optimized include the spatial locations and the physical dimensions of the buildings and the wind speed and wind direction over the domain of interest. For the UFOP, the quick urban and industrial complex (QUIC) dispersion model is used as the forward model. The UFOP is cast as a single optimization problem, and simulated annealing and genetic algorithms are used in the solution procedure.

Subjects/Keywords: genetic algorithms; inverse problems; PIV; source inversion; street canyon; urban optimization

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APA (6^th Edition):

Addepalli, B. (2016). Flow and dispersion in urban areas: experimental investigation, event reconstruction, and form optimization. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Utah. Retrieved from http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/4115/rec/1044

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Addepalli, Bhagirath. “Flow and dispersion in urban areas: experimental investigation, event reconstruction, and form optimization.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Utah. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/4115/rec/1044.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Addepalli, Bhagirath. “Flow and dispersion in urban areas: experimental investigation, event reconstruction, and form optimization.” 2016. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Addepalli B. Flow and dispersion in urban areas: experimental investigation, event reconstruction, and form optimization. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Utah; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/4115/rec/1044.

Council of Science Editors:

Addepalli B. Flow and dispersion in urban areas: experimental investigation, event reconstruction, and form optimization. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Utah; 2016. Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/4115/rec/1044

Clemson University

3. Baratian-ghorghi, Zahra. Flushing of a Dense Fluid from an Isolated Urban Canyon.

Degree: PhD, Civil Engineering, 2012, Clemson University

URL: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/887

► The mechanics of shear-driven flushing of a dense fluid from a canyon is investigated through a series of laboratory experiments. Such a flow has many… (more)

▼ The mechanics of shear-driven flushing of a dense fluid from a canyon is investigated through a series of laboratory experiments. Such a flow has many environmental applications including the removal of dense pollutants trapped in urban canyons and the purging of salt water from bed depressions at river mouths. While there is an extensive literature on flow in canyons and cavities for the neutrally buoyant case, the problem of flushing a dense fluid from canyon has received considerably less attention. To understand the dynamics of the mixing and to quantify the buoyant contaminant flushing rate, a broad range of experimental results using multiple techniques to quantify the flushing rate are presented First the effect of the fluid density in the canyon, which is parameterized in terms of the flow Richardson number, is examined. For a square canyon a total of 26 experiments were conducted for Richardson numbers ranging from 0.08 to 4.5. The effect of the buoyancy on the in-canyon flow structure is examined and the regime diagram showing the flow observed in different ranges of Richardson number is presented. Also the flushing time and decay rate of the dense fluid is quantified. Three different mean stratifications are observed, namely well-mixed, continuously stratified, and two-layer. Increasing the Richardson number decreases the rate of flushing from the cavity. Curve fits through the measured buoyancy over time were used to calculate the flushing rate. The effect of canyon aspect ratio on the flushing of a dense fluid is considered through four series of finite release experiments for different aspect ratios (W/H=0.45, 0.75, 1, 2). A total of 64 experiments are conducted over a range of Richardson numbers. The effect of the canyon width on the observed flow regime, in-canyon vortex structure and buoyancy stratification is demonstrated. Empirical equations for the initial decay rate are also determined for all aspect ratios and their results are compared with the existing data in the literature. For high Richardson numbers which is a two-layer stratification, the lower dense layer in the stratification acts as a soft bottom to the canyon, alters the effective aspect ratio of the canyon and changes the flow dynamics. Narrower canyons were found to flush more slowly as the large scale vortex that drives most of the mixing is restricted laterally and, therefore, does not penetrate deep into the canyon. An experimental investigation of the effect of the upstream surface roughness is also provided in order to highlight the impact of the upstream boundary properties on the flushing. This is the first such systematic investigation of the role of turbulence intensity on flushing of fluid form a canyon. Three series of tests for different upstream surface roughness (d84= 1.14, 0.83 and 0 cm) have been conducted. It is shown that the initial purging of dense fluid is driven by the mean flow. However, at later stages, the turbulence within the flow is the dominant cause of mixing. <br… Advisors/Committee Members: Kaye, Nigel B, Khan , Abdul A, Overcamp , Thomas J, Sill , Ben.

Subjects/Keywords: Aspect Ratio; Dense Pollutant; Dispersion; Street Canyon; Surface Roughness; Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Baratian-ghorghi, Z. (2012). Flushing of a Dense Fluid from an Isolated Urban Canyon. (Doctoral Dissertation). Clemson University. Retrieved from https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/887

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Baratian-ghorghi, Zahra. “Flushing of a Dense Fluid from an Isolated Urban Canyon.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Clemson University. Accessed March 06, 2021. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/887.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Baratian-ghorghi, Zahra. “Flushing of a Dense Fluid from an Isolated Urban Canyon.” 2012. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Baratian-ghorghi Z. Flushing of a Dense Fluid from an Isolated Urban Canyon. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Clemson University; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/887.

Council of Science Editors:

Baratian-ghorghi Z. Flushing of a Dense Fluid from an Isolated Urban Canyon. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Clemson University; 2012. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/887

4. Thouron, Laëtitia. Modélisation dynamique multi-échelle de la pollution atmosphérique en milieu urbain : Multiscale dynamic modeling of atmospheric pollution in urban environment.

Degree: Docteur es, Sciences et Techniques de l'Environnement, 2017, Université Paris-Est

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1206

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La pollution atmosphérique en milieu urbain a été identifiée comme une cause importante d’impacts sanitaires, y compris de décès prématurés. En particulier, les concentrations ambiantes… (more)

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La pollution atmosphérique en milieu urbain a été identifiée comme une cause importante d’impacts sanitaires, y compris de décès prématurés. En particulier, les concentrations ambiantes de polluants gazeux tels que le dioxyde d’azote (NO2) et de particules (PM10 et PM2,5) sont réglementées, ce qui implique que des stratégies de réductions d’émissions doivent être mises en place pour diminuer ces concentrations dans les lieux où la réglementation correspondante n’est pas respectée. Par ailleurs, la pollution atmosphérique peut contribuer à la contamination d’autres milieux, par exemple à travers la contribution des dépôts atmosphériques à la contamination des eaux de ruissellement.Les aspects multifactoriels et multiéchelle de la pollution en ville rendent l’identification des sources difficile. En effet, le milieu urbain est un espace hétérogène caractérisé par des structures architecturales complexes (bâti ancien côtoyant un bâti plus moderne, zones résidentielles, commerciales, industrielles, axes routiers…), des émissions de polluants atmosphériques non uniformes et par conséquent une exposition de la population à la pollution qui est variable dans l’espace et le temps.La modélisation de la pollution atmosphérique urbaine a pour vocation de comprendre l’origine des polluants, leur étendue spatiale et leur niveau de concentrations/dépôt. Certains polluants ont des temps de résidence long et peuvent séjourner plusieurs semaines dans l’atmosphère (PM2,5) et donc être transportés sur de longues distances, d’autres au contraire, sont plus locaux (NOx en proximité du trafic). La répartition spatiale d’un polluant dépendra alors de plusieurs facteurs et notamment des surfaces rencontrées. La qualité de l’air, elle, dépend fortement des conditions météorologiques, du bâti (rue-canyon) et des émissions.L’objectif de cette thèse est de traiter certains de ces aspects en modélisant : (1) la pollution urbaine de fond avec un modèle de chimie-transport (Polyphemus/POLAIR3D), qui permet d’estimer les dépôts de polluants atmosphériques par type de surfaces urbaines (toits, murs et chaussées), (2) la pollution à l’échelle de la rue en intégrant explicitement les effets du bâti de manière tridimensionnelle avec d’une part un modèle multiéchelle de chimie-transport (SinG) et d’autre part un modèle de mécanique des fluides (Code_Saturne) et (3) un processus de micro-échelle qui est la réémission des particules présentes sur la chaussée par le trafic routier avec trois formulations différentes (déterministe, semi-empirique et empirique). L’intérêt de cette thèse est de pouvoir comparer et évaluer l’opérabilité et la performance de plusieurs modèles de qualité de l’air à plusieurs échelles (région, quartier et rue) afin de mieux appréhender la caractérisation de la qualité de l’air en milieu urbain

Urban air pollution has been identified as an important cause of health impacts, including premature deaths. In particular, ambient concentrations of gaseous pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM10 and…

Advisors/Committee Members: Seigneur, Christian (thesis director).

Subjects/Keywords: Pollution urbaine; Dépôts par surface; Rue-Canyon; Effet du bâti; Réémission; Urban pollution; Surface depositions; Canyon-Street; Building effect; Resuspension

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Thouron, L. (2017). Modélisation dynamique multi-échelle de la pollution atmosphérique en milieu urbain : Multiscale dynamic modeling of atmospheric pollution in urban environment. (Doctoral Dissertation). Université Paris-Est. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1206

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Thouron, Laëtitia. “Modélisation dynamique multi-échelle de la pollution atmosphérique en milieu urbain : Multiscale dynamic modeling of atmospheric pollution in urban environment.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Université Paris-Est. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1206.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Thouron, Laëtitia. “Modélisation dynamique multi-échelle de la pollution atmosphérique en milieu urbain : Multiscale dynamic modeling of atmospheric pollution in urban environment.” 2017. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Thouron L. Modélisation dynamique multi-échelle de la pollution atmosphérique en milieu urbain : Multiscale dynamic modeling of atmospheric pollution in urban environment. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Université Paris-Est; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1206.

Council of Science Editors:

Thouron L. Modélisation dynamique multi-échelle de la pollution atmosphérique en milieu urbain : Multiscale dynamic modeling of atmospheric pollution in urban environment. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Université Paris-Est; 2017. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1206

Delft University of Technology

5. De Vries, M.N. (author). Ventilation efficiency of street canyons with intersections.

Degree: 2016, Delft University of Technology

URL: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e8f8e567-513a-4fe7-b858-4de33154fd2c

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When looking at domains with several building densities, the resulting average concentrations caused by traffic when unknown, are often linearised between known building densities. To… (more)

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When looking at domains with several building densities, the resulting average concentrations caused by traffic when unknown, are often linearised between known building densities. To verify if this assumption is correct, several cases of street canyons with intersections, are simulated using the DALESURBAN model. The traffic is represented by a constant emission line source spanning the entire width of the periodic domain. The building density is increased, by increasing the span wise width of the obstacles, while keeping the obstacle height and stream wise obstacle width constant. The aspect ratio of the street canyons is kept constant for all cases and thereby remains in the skimming flow regime. Four span wise obstacle widths are compared in this study and tested under four wind angles ranging from perpendicular to the street canyon to almost parallel to the street canyon. To test the effects of obstacle placement on the spreading of pollutant, the obstacles are placed in an constant and non-constant pattern. For the constant spreading the stream wise streets are all of equal width, and for the non-constant pattern, a wide street is followed by a small street resulting in an alternating pattern. The resulting mean volume-averaged concentrations for the cases above complemented with, mean retention time, ACH and PCH at roof level of the volume show a linear trend for almost all cases. The exceptions in this linear trend are found at the non-perpendicular wind angles. Where at the two lowest wind angles and the highest building density, the pollutant is recirculated in the domain through the span wise periodic boundaries, resulting in a steep increase in mean volume-averaged concentration and mean retention time. Another exception is there for the wind angle just below the perpendicular one, where a large concentration is contained in the cavity at high building density, which is not present at lower building densities.

Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering

Process and Energy

Advisors/Committee Members: Pourquie, M.J.B.M. (mentor), Tomas, J.M. (mentor).

Subjects/Keywords: street canyon; cavity; pollution; traffic; intersections; LES; numerical; building density; front facing area

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APA (6^th Edition):

De Vries, M. N. (. (2016). Ventilation efficiency of street canyons with intersections. (Masters Thesis). Delft University of Technology. Retrieved from http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e8f8e567-513a-4fe7-b858-4de33154fd2c

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

De Vries, M N (author). “Ventilation efficiency of street canyons with intersections.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Delft University of Technology. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e8f8e567-513a-4fe7-b858-4de33154fd2c.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

De Vries, M N (author). “Ventilation efficiency of street canyons with intersections.” 2016. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

De Vries MN(. Ventilation efficiency of street canyons with intersections. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e8f8e567-513a-4fe7-b858-4de33154fd2c.

Council of Science Editors:

De Vries MN(. Ventilation efficiency of street canyons with intersections. [Masters Thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2016. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e8f8e567-513a-4fe7-b858-4de33154fd2c

University of Notre Dame

6. Ann R. Dallman. Flow and Turbulence in Urban Areas</h1>.

Degree: Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, 2013, University of Notre Dame

URL: https://curate.nd.edu/show/9w032229p6h

► Three experimental projects are described herein concerning different spatial scales of atmospheric flows in urban areas. The first consisted of a field experiment performed… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: buoyancy; turbulence; street canyon; nocturnal boundary layer; urban boundary layer; thermal circulation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Dallman, A. R. (2013). Flow and Turbulence in Urban Areas</h1>. (Thesis). University of Notre Dame. Retrieved from https://curate.nd.edu/show/9w032229p6h

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dallman, Ann R.. “Flow and Turbulence in Urban Areas</h1>.” 2013. Thesis, University of Notre Dame. Accessed March 06, 2021. https://curate.nd.edu/show/9w032229p6h.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dallman, Ann R.. “Flow and Turbulence in Urban Areas</h1>.” 2013. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Dallman AR. Flow and Turbulence in Urban Areas</h1>. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Notre Dame; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: https://curate.nd.edu/show/9w032229p6h.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Dallman AR. Flow and Turbulence in Urban Areas</h1>. [Thesis]. University of Notre Dame; 2013. Available from: https://curate.nd.edu/show/9w032229p6h

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki (AUTH); Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης (ΑΠΘ)

7. Ανδρέου, Ελένη. Η διερεύνηση των παραγόντων που διαμορφώνουν το μικροκλίμα στα αστικά φαράγγια: το παράδειγμα παραδοσιακών και νεόδμητων οικισμών της Τήνου.

Degree: 2011, Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki (AUTH); Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης (ΑΠΘ)

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/25242

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The thesis examines the parameters that influence the microclimatic conditions in urban canyons, as well as their degree of influence. The investigation was carried out… (more)

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The thesis examines the parameters that influence the microclimatic conditions in urban canyons, as well as their degree of influence. The investigation was carried out through extensive measurements of air and surface temperature and air velocity, which took place in two sites with different characteristics in terms of street geometry, urban density and materials. The first experimental site was a traditional settlement and the second a newly built part of the capital city of Tinos. The thesis also aims in investigating the relationship between the microclimatic conditions in streets and the effect on the energy performance of buildings. Moreover, thermal comfort conditions in outdoor spaces were extensively examined. The investigation was carried out through parametric analysis and use of special computational tools. The thesis also aims in examining the traditional settlements in terms of climatic response and energy performance of outdoor spaces and buildings. The thesis deals with all of the parameters involved in a synthetic way and investigates the relationship between microclimatic conditions in streets and energy performance of buildings. Also in contrast to existing studies, the thesis concludes in a hierarchy of the parameters, according to their degree of influence. Moreover, the traditional settlements in the area examined are evaluated in terms of energy performance, climatic response and thermal comfort in outdoor spaces. The evaluation is based on experimental measurements, and parametric analysis. Finally, specific proposals are formulated on building and urban design, for the area examined.

Αντικείμενο της διατριβής είναι η διερεύνηση του βαθμού επίδρασης των διαφόρων παραγόντων, στη διαμόρφωση των μικροκλιματικών συνθηκών σε αστικά φαράγγια. Η διερεύνηση των παραγόντων πραγματοποιήθηκε μέσω εκτεταμένων πειραματικών μετρήσεων θερμοκρασίας αέρα, επιφανειών και ταχύτητας ανέμου σε δύο περιοχές με διαφορετικά χαρακτηριστικά, μια νεόδμητη περιοχή και έναν παραδοσιακό οικισμό. Αντικείμενο της μελέτης ήταν επίσης η διερεύνηση της επίδρασης του μικροκλίματος δρόμων στην ενεργειακή συμπεριφορά των κτιρίων και στις συνθήκες θερμικής άνεσης στο περιβάλλον των δρόμων. Η διερεύνηση πραγματοποιήθηκε μέσω παραμετρικής ανάλυσης με χρήση ειδικών υπολογιστικών εργαλείων. Επίσης μια από τις επιδιώξεις ήταν η αξιολόγηση των παραδοσιακών οικισμών στην περιοχή που εξετάζεται μέσα από το πρίσμα της ενεργειακής συμπεριφοράς των υπαίθριων χώρων λαμβάνοντας υπόψη και τα κτίρια. Βασική επιδίωξη ήταν η διατύπωση προτάσεων/οδηγιών για την παραγωγή του κτισμένου χώρου στην περιοχή που εξετάζεται. Στην εργασία γίνεται συνθετική αντιμετώπιση του συνόλου των παραγόντων μέσω παραμετρικής ανάλυσης, καθώς και διερεύνηση της αλληλεπίδρασης των υπαίθριων χώρων με την ενεργειακή συμπεριφορά των κτιρίων. Ακόμα, πραγματοποιείται ιεράρχηση της σημασίας και του βαθμού επιρροής των παραγόντων στο μικροκλίμα, σε αντιπαράθεση με τις μέχρι τώρα μελέτες. Επίσης πραγματοποιείται αξιολόγηση των παραδοσιακών οικισμών στην περιοχή που εξετάζεται…

Subjects/Keywords: Μικροκλίμα; Αστικά φαράγγια; Αστικές χαράδρες; Θερμική άνεση; Γεωμετρικά χαρακτηριστικά δρόμων; Παραδοσιακοί οικισμοί; Microclimate; Urban canyon; Outdoor spaces; Thermal comfort; Canyon geometry; Street geometry; Traditional settlements

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ανδρέου, . �. (2011). Η διερεύνηση των παραγόντων που διαμορφώνουν το μικροκλίμα στα αστικά φαράγγια: το παράδειγμα παραδοσιακών και νεόδμητων οικισμών της Τήνου. (Thesis). Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki (AUTH); Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης (ΑΠΘ). Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/25242

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ανδρέου, Ελένη. “Η διερεύνηση των παραγόντων που διαμορφώνουν το μικροκλίμα στα αστικά φαράγγια: το παράδειγμα παραδοσιακών και νεόδμητων οικισμών της Τήνου.” 2011. Thesis, Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki (AUTH); Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης (ΑΠΘ). Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/25242.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ανδρέου, Ελένη. “Η διερεύνηση των παραγόντων που διαμορφώνουν το μικροκλίμα στα αστικά φαράγγια: το παράδειγμα παραδοσιακών και νεόδμητων οικισμών της Τήνου.” 2011. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Ανδρέου �. Η διερεύνηση των παραγόντων που διαμορφώνουν το μικροκλίμα στα αστικά φαράγγια: το παράδειγμα παραδοσιακών και νεόδμητων οικισμών της Τήνου. [Internet] [Thesis]. Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki (AUTH); Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης (ΑΠΘ); 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/25242.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ανδρέου �. Η διερεύνηση των παραγόντων που διαμορφώνουν το μικροκλίμα στα αστικά φαράγγια: το παράδειγμα παραδοσιακών και νεόδμητων οικισμών της Τήνου. [Thesis]. Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki (AUTH); Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης (ΑΠΘ); 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/25242

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

8. Doya, Maxime. Analyse de l'impact des propriétés radiatives de façades pour la performance énergétique de bâtiments d'un environnement urbain dense : Analysis of façade radiative properties for building energy efficiency in a dense urban environment.

Degree: Docteur es, Génie civil, 2010, La Rochelle

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2010LAROS296

►

L’interaction des phénomènes de transfert de chaleur et de masse dans un tissu urbain avec les apports anthropiques participent à l’îlot de chaleur urbain et… (more)

▼

L’interaction des phénomènes de transfert de chaleur et de masse dans un tissu urbain avec les apports anthropiques participent à l’îlot de chaleur urbain et à la dégradation de la performance énergétique des bâtiments. L’objectif de cette étude est de définir l’impact de la modification des propriétés radiatives aux façades des bâtiments qui peut être réalisée par l’utilisation de revêtements sélectifs colorés récemment développés pour les toitures. Les flux sensibles et l’impact sur les bâtiments sont étudiés pour une morphologie caractéristique des milieux urbains denses, la rue canyon. Un suivi expérimental mené sur des surfaces élémentaires de propriétés radiatives différentes nous a permis de développer par une méthode d’optimisation un procédé de détermination simultané du coefficient de convection et des absorptivités solaires effectives sur la période de mesure. L’utilisation de peintures sélectives dans la configuration canyon retenue est ensuite analysée expérimentalement. Pour cela une maquette (1/10ème) de scène urbaine a été conçue sur la base de 5 rangées de cuves de béton creux qui ont fait l’objet de mesures de températures et de flux radiatifs. Dans un premier temps, le traitement de deux mois de mesures a permis de caractériser les évolutions de champs de températures liés à cette forme urbaine. Par la suite, trois configurations de propriétés radiatives aux façades ont été étudiées simultanément et ont permis d’analyser les modifications spécifiques sur les champs de température, de sur-faces et d’air. Afin d’estimer les économies d’énergie réalisables sur un bâtiment réel ainsi que l’impact sur son environnement proche, une étude paramétrique des revêtements de façade et de la chaussée a été effectuée par des simulations de l’interaction du bâti et du micro-climat. Les méthodes et expériences établies dans cette étude nous permettent d’envisager le développement du traitement des façades et de la caractérisation de leurs performances globales.

Modified heat and mass transfer in the urban built and anthropogenic loads contribute to the urban heat island phenomenon as to the deterioration of building energy efficiency. The scope of this study is to define the impact implied by the modification of façade radiative properties that can be achieved by using selective cool-coloured coatings initially developed for roofing. Sensible heat transfers and consequences on building comfort are studied through a characteristic morphology from dense urban environment, the street canyon. Monitoring of surface energy budget on elementary discs of different radiative properties allowed us to develop, through optimisation method, a process to determine simultaneously the effective solar absorptivities and a convective heat transfer coefficient on the measurement period. The following step consists in an experimental analysis of cool selective paints in the chosen canyon configuration. A reduced-scale model (1/10th) of an urban scene has been designed with 5 rows of hollow concrete tanks that had temperatures and…

Advisors/Committee Members: Allard, Francis (thesis director).

Subjects/Keywords: Caractérisation des propriétés radiatives; Peintures sélectives; Rue canyon; Maquettes; Microclimat urbain; Consommation énergétique; Performance thermique; Radiative properties; Selective cool paints; Urban microclimate; Street canyon; Reduce scale model

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Doya, M. (2010). Analyse de l'impact des propriétés radiatives de façades pour la performance énergétique de bâtiments d'un environnement urbain dense : Analysis of façade radiative properties for building energy efficiency in a dense urban environment. (Doctoral Dissertation). La Rochelle. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2010LAROS296

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Doya, Maxime. “Analyse de l'impact des propriétés radiatives de façades pour la performance énergétique de bâtiments d'un environnement urbain dense : Analysis of façade radiative properties for building energy efficiency in a dense urban environment.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, La Rochelle. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2010LAROS296.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Doya, Maxime. “Analyse de l'impact des propriétés radiatives de façades pour la performance énergétique de bâtiments d'un environnement urbain dense : Analysis of façade radiative properties for building energy efficiency in a dense urban environment.” 2010. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Doya M. Analyse de l'impact des propriétés radiatives de façades pour la performance énergétique de bâtiments d'un environnement urbain dense : Analysis of façade radiative properties for building energy efficiency in a dense urban environment. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. La Rochelle; 2010. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2010LAROS296.

Council of Science Editors:

Doya M. Analyse de l'impact des propriétés radiatives de façades pour la performance énergétique de bâtiments d'un environnement urbain dense : Analysis of façade radiative properties for building energy efficiency in a dense urban environment. [Doctoral Dissertation]. La Rochelle; 2010. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2010LAROS296

NSYSU

9. Wen, Chi-Shemg. Influence of traffic exhausts on the air quality in a street canyonï¼A case study of measurement results in Fung-Shan City, Kaohsiung County.

Degree: Master, Environmental Engineering, 2004, NSYSU

URL: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0619104-145735

► Spatial distributions of gaseous pollutants CO, NOx, and SO2 in a street canyon in Fung-Shan, Kaohsiung County were measured. The street runs west-to-east with two… (more)

▼ Spatial distributions of gaseous pollutants CO, NOx, and SO2 in a street canyon in Fung-Shan, Kaohsiung County were measured. The street runs west-to-east with two lanes in a single direction: traffic flows only from west to east. The street canyon is 60 m long (= L) and 20 m wide (= W). The heights of the five-story buildings on both sides of the street are about 16 m (= H). Therefore, the street canyon has an aspect ratio AR (= H/W) = 0.8, and a length to width ratio L/H = 3. Air was sampled on site on three consecutive days, 3 September to 5 September, in 2003. The sampling period were 20 h long, from 00:00 to 19:00 on September 4, but covered only the two rush hours, 07:00-10:00 and 16:30-20:00, on the other two days. Traffic emissions were also estimated using available emission factors from TANEEB (1992). Results show that motorcycles are dominant vehicle in the street. Emission estimations indicate that motorcycle contributed to about 75% of CO emission, automobiles contributed about 80% of NOx emissions, while motorcycles and automobiles each contributed about 50% of SO2 emissions. Variations of traffic emissions generally follow traffic flow rates, indicating reasonable estimations of traffic emissions. When wind blows perpendicularly to the street canyon, air pollutants tend to accumulate in the leeward side. For example, concentration of CO in the leeward side is about two times that in the windward side. Generally, concentrations of air pollutants decrease with height, about 10% to 20% reduction in concentration, particularly noticeable in the leeward side. Results also show that, on leeward side, concentrations of air pollutants in the corridor were lower than those outside the corridor, being about 53.3% difference in CO concentration. However, on windward side, concentrations of air pollutants in the corridor were higher than those outside the corridor, being about 100% difference in NO2 concentration. Keywords: Street Canyon, Mobile Sources, Air Quality, Emission Factor. Advisors/Committee Members: Chen, Kang-Shin (committee member), Jie-Chung Lou (chair), Ming-Shean Chou (chair).

Subjects/Keywords: Air Quality; Mobil Sources; Emission Factor; Street Canyon

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wen, C. (2004). Influence of traffic exhausts on the air quality in a street canyonï¼A case study of measurement results in Fung-Shan City, Kaohsiung County. (Thesis). NSYSU. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0619104-145735

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wen, Chi-Shemg. “Influence of traffic exhausts on the air quality in a street canyonï¼A case study of measurement results in Fung-Shan City, Kaohsiung County.” 2004. Thesis, NSYSU. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0619104-145735.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wen, Chi-Shemg. “Influence of traffic exhausts on the air quality in a street canyonï¼A case study of measurement results in Fung-Shan City, Kaohsiung County.” 2004. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Wen C. Influence of traffic exhausts on the air quality in a street canyonï¼A case study of measurement results in Fung-Shan City, Kaohsiung County. [Internet] [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2004. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0619104-145735.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wen C. Influence of traffic exhausts on the air quality in a street canyonï¼A case study of measurement results in Fung-Shan City, Kaohsiung County. [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2004. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0619104-145735

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

UCLA

10. Wu, Lisa. Identifying Traffic-Related Air Pollution Hotspots in the Built Environment.

Degree: Urban and Regional Planning, 2014, UCLA

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4hd826m4

► This study characterizes the spatial and temporal distribution of air pollution in an urban street environment given traffic and meteorological conditions. A mobile air monitoring… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Urban planning; Transportation planning; Environmental health; Los Angeles; street canyon; traffic-related air pollution; transit oriented development; urban design

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wu, L. (2014). Identifying Traffic-Related Air Pollution Hotspots in the Built Environment. (Thesis). UCLA. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4hd826m4

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wu, Lisa. “Identifying Traffic-Related Air Pollution Hotspots in the Built Environment.” 2014. Thesis, UCLA. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4hd826m4.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wu, Lisa. “Identifying Traffic-Related Air Pollution Hotspots in the Built Environment.” 2014. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Wu L. Identifying Traffic-Related Air Pollution Hotspots in the Built Environment. [Internet] [Thesis]. UCLA; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4hd826m4.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wu L. Identifying Traffic-Related Air Pollution Hotspots in the Built Environment. [Thesis]. UCLA; 2014. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4hd826m4

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Western Ontario

11. Jaroslawski, Tomek. The spanwise structure of the roof-level turbulence in a street canyon flow.

Degree: 2018, University of Western Ontario

URL: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5715

► In the present work, for the first time, the spanwise organization of turbulent flow along an urban street canyon subjected to wind normal to the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Boundary layer; Street canyon; Turbulence; Particle Image Velocimetry; Wind tunnel; Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics; Environmental Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Jaroslawski, T. (2018). The spanwise structure of the roof-level turbulence in a street canyon flow. (Thesis). University of Western Ontario. Retrieved from https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5715

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jaroslawski, Tomek. “The spanwise structure of the roof-level turbulence in a street canyon flow.” 2018. Thesis, University of Western Ontario. Accessed March 06, 2021. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5715.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jaroslawski, Tomek. “The spanwise structure of the roof-level turbulence in a street canyon flow.” 2018. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Jaroslawski T. The spanwise structure of the roof-level turbulence in a street canyon flow. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5715.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Jaroslawski T. The spanwise structure of the roof-level turbulence in a street canyon flow. [Thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2018. Available from: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5715

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki (AUTH); Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης (ΑΠΘ)

12. Chatzimichailidis, Arsenios. Study and modelling of flow phenomena in urban street canyons.

Degree: 2020, Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki (AUTH); Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης (ΑΠΘ)

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/47368

► Air pollution is a major health hazard for the people that live in cities. Street-scale Air Quality Models (AQMs) are a cheap and efficient way… (more)

▼ Air pollution is a major health hazard for the people that live in cities. Street-scale Air Quality Models (AQMs) are a cheap and efficient way to study it and provide solutions. AQMs employ empirical parameterisations to include all the complex phenomena of wind flow between buildings. The modelling of the recirculating flows inside street canyons comprises the dominant parameter for the accuracy of the results. This work aims to propose an explicit or implicit description of the recirculation zone. This could improve the ability of street scale AQMs, to predict the concentration of airborne pollutants inside street canyons. To achieve this, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is developed and the results obtained are analyzed with Machine Learning techniques. In the first Chapter the scale of the air pollution problem is presented and the main parameters of the wind flow in street canyons are reviewed. Furthermore, there is a brief discussion on the core assumptions of the most well-known AQMs regarding the recirculation zone and the thesis objectives are outlined. In the second Chapter, the most important flow parameters in street canyons are reviewed and the current approaches of street scale AQMs are discussed. It is highlighted that AQMs divide the street canyon in regions with different flow characteristics. The assumptions behind such divisions originate mainly from experimental studies. After the demonstration of the problem’s complexity, a relatively simple case of perpendicular to the street wind flow is selected for further study. In Chapter 3, the details of the employed numerical methods are presented. These include the Large Eddy Simulation methodology, the respective CFD model in OpenFOAM open source code and the theory behind k-means clustering. In Chapter 4 the extended validation procedure is described. The current model’s results are compared with experimental and CFD data from the literature, presenting satisfactory agreement. In Chapter 5, the predicted wind velocity and pollutant concentration results for the selected geometries are analyzed using the previously described in Chapter 3 list of exploratory techniques. The flow pattern differences for the studied building height to street width ratios are shown, while the importance of source location is demonstrated for the wide canyons. The four expressions which can describe four regions with common flow characteristics inside the canyon, derive from the results obtained from the k-means clustering method. These expressions are strongly dependent on the street canyon dimensions and are also independent of the wind velocity. This constitutes an implicit definition of the recirculation zone, through the parametric description of the velocity field and can be expanded to cover more parameters, such as oblique wind direction. In Chapter 6, the main conclusions from the present thesis are outlined and the physical meaning of the proposed four regions is discussed. Moreover, the future directions and the limitations of the proposed numerical…

Subjects/Keywords: Αστική ποιότητα αέρα; Υπολογιστική ρευστοδυναμική; Αστική χαράδρα; Αλγόριθμοι ομαδοποίησης; Urban air quality; Computational fluid dynamics; Street canyon; Clustering algorithms

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Chatzimichailidis, A. (2020). Study and modelling of flow phenomena in urban street canyons. (Thesis). Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki (AUTH); Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης (ΑΠΘ). Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/47368

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chatzimichailidis, Arsenios. “Study and modelling of flow phenomena in urban street canyons.” 2020. Thesis, Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki (AUTH); Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης (ΑΠΘ). Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/47368.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chatzimichailidis, Arsenios. “Study and modelling of flow phenomena in urban street canyons.” 2020. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Chatzimichailidis A. Study and modelling of flow phenomena in urban street canyons. [Internet] [Thesis]. Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki (AUTH); Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης (ΑΠΘ); 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/47368.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Chatzimichailidis A. Study and modelling of flow phenomena in urban street canyons. [Thesis]. Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki (AUTH); Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης (ΑΠΘ); 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/47368

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Oklahoma

13. Fithian, Lee. Active Building Facades to Mitigate Urban Street Pollution.

Degree: PhD, 2019, University of Oklahoma

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/323255

► This multidisciplinary research utilizes current thinking in planning, engineering, science and architecture, and proposes an interdisciplinary solution for addressing urban air pollution related to increasing… (more)

▼ This multidisciplinary research utilizes current thinking in planning, engineering, science and architecture, and proposes an interdisciplinary solution for addressing urban air pollution related to increasing urbanization. The premise that buildings are interconnected with urban infrastructure, with buildings serving as a resource and not just as a load, and the use of an active building facade to remediate environmental air pollutants beyond the building’s perimeter, represents a fundamental paradigm shift as to the nature of buildings in the urban environment. Form Based Codes (FBCs) are urban design guidelines which also provide requirements for street dimensions between building facades and height limitations of buildings based upon the number of stories. If these FBCs do not control for height to width ratios, they can result in a morphology called an urban street canyon. The vertical dimension of a street canyon corresponds to the height of a building (H) which is typically regulated by the number of stories (floors). The horizontal dimension of a street canyon, the width of the street (W) and associated frontage, corresponds to the right of way (ROW) which is the space between building lot lines. The most important geometric detail about a street canyon is the ratio of the canyon height (H) to canyon width (W), H:W, which is defined as the aspect ratio because when the value of the aspect ratio is >= 1:1, air pollution can accumulate at the street level. The problem becomes one where FBCs are setting urban design guidelines for streets, ostensibly for walkability, but are unintentionally creating street canyons which are accumulating unhealthy air pollutants in the very locations where they hope to encourage people to walk. Within the envelope of an urban building, air quality is an issue addressed almost completely as an internal requirement. Building ventilation systems rely on internal air quality monitoring and are designed to optimize energy efficiency for the building and its occupants. There are no studies that suggest that the building HVAC system should be used to ameliorate air pollution found outside the building, except for use within the building perimeter. This research investigated the capacity of a double-skin-facades (DSF), an active façade system typically used only for building HVAC, to evacuate air at the street level within the frontage zone of influence, as well as whether the DSF could actually remove criteria pollutants from the streetscape where human interaction is being promoted. Aside from matters of cost, DSFs have had little impact in the United States because they do not effectively filter air pollutants, which is especially troubling if they are to be used for fresh air intake. Plant integration into a DSF has been proposed for thermal mitigation; however, the suggestion that the plants could also create a functional component to filter the air has not. The NEDLAW vegetated biofilter reduces concentrations of toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-xylene as well as other VOCs and… Advisors/Committee Members: Siddique, Zahed (advisor), Coffman, Reid (committee member), Klein, Petra (committee member), Mistree, Farrokh (committee member), Nairn, Robert (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: double skin façade; street canyon; active building façade; vegetated biofilter; urban air pollution; CFD; form-based codes

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Fithian, L. (2019). Active Building Facades to Mitigate Urban Street Pollution. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oklahoma. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/323255

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fithian, Lee. “Active Building Facades to Mitigate Urban Street Pollution.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oklahoma. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11244/323255.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fithian, Lee. “Active Building Facades to Mitigate Urban Street Pollution.” 2019. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Fithian L. Active Building Facades to Mitigate Urban Street Pollution. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oklahoma; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/323255.

Council of Science Editors:

Fithian L. Active Building Facades to Mitigate Urban Street Pollution. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oklahoma; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/323255

14. Eeftens, M.R. Spatial contrasts in air pollution and the effects on lung function in children.

Degree: 2015, University Utrecht

URL: https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/315552 ; URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1874-315552 ; 1874/315552 ; urn:isbn:9789039363263 ; URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1874-315552 ; https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/315552

► Within the framework of the ESCAPE project (European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects), we aimed to characterize and explain spatial contrasts in ambient… (more)

▼ Within the framework of the ESCAPE project (European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects), we aimed to characterize and explain spatial contrasts in ambient air pollution within and between European study areas. Following a standard protocol, project partners selected “street” and “background” measurement sites in 36 study areas, and measured using identical equipment. NO2 and NOX measurements were available from 40 different sites in each area (80 in The Netherlands/Belgium and Catalunya). PM2.5 (particles <2.5 µm), PM2.5 absorbance (the “blackness” of PM2.5 filters; an indicator for soot), PM10 (particles <10 µm) and PMcoarse (PM10 minus PM2.5) measurements were available for 20 of those areas, for a subset of 20 sites per area (40 in The Netherlands/Belgium and Catalunya). Significant contrasts between street and background concentrations were seen for all pollutants, but most clearly for NO2 and NOX. The measured concentrations formed the basis for the development of land use regression (LUR) models for each study area. LUR models for PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance, PM10 and PMcoarse were developed by evaluating which environmental factors (represented by variables derived from a Geographic Information System (GIS)) were best able to explain the spatial variability in pollution concentration. Derived LUR models explained a moderate to high portion of variance for all pollutants using predictors related to traffic intensity, population density and nearby industrial and harbour sites. LUR models cannot accurately predict the high concentrations measured in urban canyons: narrow streets with (relatively) tall buildings. Using 3-dimensional building data and GIS, we derived four indicators for this canyon effect, among which the SkyView Factor (the total fraction of sky visible from the measurement site). Basic LUR models were developed based on NO2 and NOX data from 132 sites in the Netherlands. Although consideration of the canyon indicators increased the explained variance only modestly, the P10-P90 range of the SkyView Factor explained substantial concentration differences for both NO2 (5.6 μg/m³)and NOX (10.9 μg/m³). Particulate matter is a heterogeneous mixture of particles which differ in size, shape and composition and hence –presumably- toxicity. We estimated long-term exposure to eight elemental constituents of particulate matter (copper, iron, potassium, nickel, sulphur, silicon, vanadium, zinc) at the homes of 4659 children involved in five birth cohorts. FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in the first second of exhalation) was determined when the children were 6 or 8 years old. After combining cohort-specific findings into a meta-analysis, we found a small decrease in FEV1 associated with exposure to nickel and sulphur. However, heterogeneity was larger for the various PM constituents than for PM10 and PM2.5 mass, and low FEV1 was more consistently associated with PM mass. Recent advancements in the application of LUR models have targeted the concentration data, the predictor variables, the… Advisors/Committee Members: Brunekreef, B., Hoek, G., Beelen, R.M.J..

Subjects/Keywords: Air pollution; Particulate matter; Street canyon; Modelling; Lung function

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Eeftens, M. R. (2015). Spatial contrasts in air pollution and the effects on lung function in children. (Doctoral Dissertation). University Utrecht. Retrieved from https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/315552 ; URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1874-315552 ; 1874/315552 ; urn:isbn:9789039363263 ; URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1874-315552 ; https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/315552

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Eeftens, M R. “Spatial contrasts in air pollution and the effects on lung function in children.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University Utrecht. Accessed March 06, 2021. https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/315552 ; URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1874-315552 ; 1874/315552 ; urn:isbn:9789039363263 ; URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1874-315552 ; https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/315552.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Eeftens, M R. “Spatial contrasts in air pollution and the effects on lung function in children.” 2015. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Eeftens MR. Spatial contrasts in air pollution and the effects on lung function in children. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University Utrecht; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/315552 ; URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1874-315552 ; 1874/315552 ; urn:isbn:9789039363263 ; URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1874-315552 ; https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/315552.

Council of Science Editors:

Eeftens MR. Spatial contrasts in air pollution and the effects on lung function in children. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University Utrecht; 2015. Available from: https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/315552 ; URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1874-315552 ; 1874/315552 ; urn:isbn:9789039363263 ; URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1874-315552 ; https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/315552

NSYSU

15. Tsai, Meng-YU. Measurements and Three-Dimensional Modeling of Air Pollutant Dispersion in an Urban Street Canyon.

Degree: PhD, Environmental Engineering, 2005, NSYSU

URL: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0606105-231609

► In this study, Three-dimensional (3D) airflow and dispersion of pollutants were modeled under various excess wall temperature and traffic rate using the RNG k-Îµ turbulence… (more)

▼ In this study, Three-dimensional (3D) airflow and dispersion of pollutants were modeled under various excess wall temperature and traffic rate using the RNG k-Îµ turbulence model and Boussinesq approximation, which was solved numerically using the finite volume method. The street canyon is 60 m long (=L) and 20 m wide (=W). The height of five-story buildings on both sides of the street are about 16 m (=H). Hence, the street canyon has an aspect ratio (AR=H/W) of 0.8 and a length to width ratio of 3 (=L/W). Vehicle emissions were estimated from the measured traffic flow rates and modeled as banded line sources. 3D simulations reveal that the vortex line, joining the centers of cross-sectional vortices of the street canyon, meanders between street buildings. Notably, there is also a horizontal vortex within street canyon. Pollutant concentrations decline as the height increases, and are higher on the leeward side than on the windward side. The ratio of CO pollutants between leeward side and windward side is related to wind velocity. As wind smaller than 0.7 m/sec , the ratio is 1.23ï¼however, the ratio is 2.03 with more wind speed above 1.2 m/sec. The CO concentration reveals that the predicted values generally follow the hourly zigzag traffic rate, indicating that CO is closely related to the traffic emissions in a street canyon. The 3D airflow in the street canyon is dominated by both wind fields on buildings top and street exit. The 3D simulations reveal that air flux is 50% higher than 2D. Entrainment of outside air reduces pollutant concentrations, thus reducing concentrations of COãNOxãand SO2 by about 51%ã68% and 70% ,respectively. Thermal boundary layers are very thin. Entrainment of outside air increases and pollutant concentration decreases with increasing heating condition. For T = 5 K, the upward velocity on leeward side increases by about 10%, Also, the downward velocity on windward side decreases by about 28 %. Furthermore, simulation showed that the averaged inflow speed in the lateral direction increases by about 100% as compared with T = 0 K. Hence, the pollutant concentrations with T = 5 K is ony 50% of those without heating. Simulations are followed measurements in street canyon. The averaged simulated concentrations with no heating conditions are about 11~24% and 22~36% lower than measured for CO and NOx , respectively. For heating conditions and without outside traffic source, the averaged simulated concentrations with T = 2 K are 29~36% lower than the measurements. Even at T = 5 K , the concentrations are only about 54% of those without heating, due to the fact that pollutant dilution is enhanced by buoyancy force as to having more outside air entrained into the canyon. However, when traffic emissions outside two ends of canyon were considered, the simulated CO concentrations are 23% and 19% higher than those without outside traffic sources at T = 0 K and T = 2 K, respectively. Traffic-produced turbulence (TPT) enhances the turbulent kinetic energy and the mixing of temperature and admixtures in… Advisors/Committee Members: Shui-Jen Chen (chair), Ming-Shean Chou (chair), Jim.J Lin (chair), Chen Kang-shin (committee member), Jeffrey Chen (chair).

Subjects/Keywords: Street canyon; traffic produced turbulence; mobile source; air pollutant; Three-dimensional modeling

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tsai, M. (2005). Measurements and Three-Dimensional Modeling of Air Pollutant Dispersion in an Urban Street Canyon. (Doctoral Dissertation). NSYSU. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0606105-231609

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tsai, Meng-YU. “Measurements and Three-Dimensional Modeling of Air Pollutant Dispersion in an Urban Street Canyon.” 2005. Doctoral Dissertation, NSYSU. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0606105-231609.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tsai, Meng-YU. “Measurements and Three-Dimensional Modeling of Air Pollutant Dispersion in an Urban Street Canyon.” 2005. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Tsai M. Measurements and Three-Dimensional Modeling of Air Pollutant Dispersion in an Urban Street Canyon. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. NSYSU; 2005. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0606105-231609.

Council of Science Editors:

Tsai M. Measurements and Three-Dimensional Modeling of Air Pollutant Dispersion in an Urban Street Canyon. [Doctoral Dissertation]. NSYSU; 2005. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0606105-231609

16. Blackman, Karin. Influence of approach flow conditions on urban street canyon flow.

Degree: 2014, University of Western Ontario

URL: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/2177

► The turbulent flow within a street canyon and the approaching boundary layer has been studied using idealized wind tunnel models and a semi-idealized field experiment… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Boundary layer; Street canyon; Particle Image Velocimetry; Wind tunnel; Field experiment; Sonic Anemometry; Applied Mechanics

…63 viii List of Figures Figure 1 Mean flow pattern in urban street canyon… …4 Figure 3 a) Plan view; b) side view of street canyon defining length… …x29; within street canyon [4]… …within street canyons. Above the canyon turbulent organized structures in the form of low… …Defining the street canyon model 1.1.1 Boundary layer Urban structures that make up urban…

10 more images…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Blackman, K. (2014). Influence of approach flow conditions on urban street canyon flow. (Thesis). University of Western Ontario. Retrieved from https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/2177

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Blackman, Karin. “Influence of approach flow conditions on urban street canyon flow.” 2014. Thesis, University of Western Ontario. Accessed March 06, 2021. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/2177.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Blackman, Karin. “Influence of approach flow conditions on urban street canyon flow.” 2014. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Blackman K. Influence of approach flow conditions on urban street canyon flow. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/2177.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Blackman K. Influence of approach flow conditions on urban street canyon flow. [Thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2014. Available from: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/2177

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

17. Χαμπηλομάτης, Γεώργιος. Προσομοιώσεις πεδίου ροής και πεδίου συγκέντρωσης ρύπων στην ατμόσφαιρα.

Degree: 2015, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA); Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο (ΕΜΠ)

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/41601

► Numerical simulations of flow field and pollutants concentration field in the atmosphere is the objective of this dissertation. The final aim is the computation of… (more)

▼ Numerical simulations of flow field and pollutants concentration field in the atmosphere is the objective of this dissertation. The final aim is the computation of ultrafine particles concentration, developed by computational fluid dynamics tools, in an urban street canyon, an environment with high population exposure to air pollution. Ultrafine particles, that have become a research peak in aerosol science, are considered as the particulate fraction with the most serious adverse health effects. The main part of this dissertation is based on the mesoscopic method of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), lattice Boltzmann. A tailor made model lattice Boltzmann has been developed and applied, for the needs of the current research effort. The model evaluation showed that flow field and concentration field of UFP in a street canyon, are in accordance with other research efforts. Its satisfactory reliability and the fitness for the simulation of the phenomenon, with relatively small required computational power, have been emerged. In addition, UFP field measurements have been exploited so much for the evaluation of model’s attribution as much as for the computation of UFP emission source rates from vehicles (necessary as input data for the model). Its satisfactory ability and appropriateness, for the successful application of the phenomenon, has been found with relatively little computing power.This dissertation is a first research attempt of the development and the application of the lattice Boltzmann method, for the simulation of air pollutants field, and especially of ultrafine particles concentration field. Most recent studies, concerning ultrafine particles adverse health effects, orient the total research effort to a further study of the relationship between UFP emissions from vehicles, and its inhalation from some population subgroups. The application of the intake fraction (iF) parameter, for an emitted air pollutant in the atmosphere from a specific source, which finally is inhaled by a population subgroup in a specific microenvironment, was considered a necessity. Exposure assessment of population subgroups to air pollution, expressed to concentration levels of pollutants in the atmosphere, is now concerned as an outdated and an ineffective approach. The application of the modern parameter iF is the first stage of a total dosimetry study (source-to-dose relationships) of an air pollutant to the human organism, for the assessment of adverse health effects (source-to-health effects). Its application in a street canyon scale is limited and doesn’t exist until now, with the use of a computational fluid dynamic tool. The required concentration field of UFP in the street canyon, for iF estimation of different population subgroups emerged from α first publicated application of a suitable three dimensional CFD model. The application results of iF method shows its utility a) to assessment topics of different population subgroups, in a specific microenvironment with high concentrations levels of air pollutants b)…

Subjects/Keywords: Προσομοιώσεις; Υπολογιστική ρευστοδυναμική; Υπέρλεπτα σωματίδια; Συντελεστής εκπομπής υλικών; Ρυθμός εκπομπής πηγής; Οδικό φαράγγι; Κλάσμα εισπνοής; Κυτταρικά αυτόματα; Simulations; Computational fluid dynamics; Ultrafine particles; Emission factor; Emission source rate; Street canyon; Intake fraction; Cellular automata

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Χαμπηλομάτης, . �. (2015). Προσομοιώσεις πεδίου ροής και πεδίου συγκέντρωσης ρύπων στην ατμόσφαιρα. (Thesis). National Technical University of Athens (NTUA); Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο (ΕΜΠ). Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/41601

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Χαμπηλομάτης, Γεώργιος. “Προσομοιώσεις πεδίου ροής και πεδίου συγκέντρωσης ρύπων στην ατμόσφαιρα.” 2015. Thesis, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA); Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο (ΕΜΠ). Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/41601.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Χαμπηλομάτης, Γεώργιος. “Προσομοιώσεις πεδίου ροής και πεδίου συγκέντρωσης ρύπων στην ατμόσφαιρα.” 2015. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Χαμπηλομάτης �. Προσομοιώσεις πεδίου ροής και πεδίου συγκέντρωσης ρύπων στην ατμόσφαιρα. [Internet] [Thesis]. National Technical University of Athens (NTUA); Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο (ΕΜΠ); 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/41601.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Χαμπηλομάτης �. Προσομοιώσεις πεδίου ροής και πεδίου συγκέντρωσης ρύπων στην ατμόσφαιρα. [Thesis]. National Technical University of Athens (NTUA); Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο (ΕΜΠ); 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/41601

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of New South Wales

18. Irger, Matthias. The Effect of Urban Form on Urban Microclimate.

Degree: Built Environment, 2014, University of New South Wales

URL: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/53733 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:12428/SOURCE02?view=true

► Urban heat islands aggravated by accelerating climate change present significant threats to human health and economic productivity, increasing energy consumption to maintain human comfort and… (more)

▼ Urban heat islands aggravated by accelerating climate change present significant threats to human health and economic productivity, increasing energy consumption to maintain human comfort and thus the ecological footprint of cities and their inhabitants. Most Australian capital cities have developed strategies to absorb significant population growth within existing boundaries by promoting a more compact settlement form to limit further urban sprawl, increase the efficiency of infrastructure and reduce transport related greenhouse gas emissions. In the absence of climate sensitive considerations, however, contemporary planning policy disregards the fact that higher urban densities potentially intensify urban heat islands, as evident not only in compact city centres, but also in recent suburban developments.This PhD research demonstrates how the design of neighbourhoods can influence the urban microclimate at local scale, and thus the carbon footprint and liveability of our cities. The study compared the morphology of precincts and streets in relation to air and surface temperatures, with the focus on the modifying effect of individual urban form parameters such as vegetation, street geometry, volumetric building density, and urban surface characteristics. Airborne remote high-resolution thermal and hyper-spectral imaging and Lidar were employed to examine the spatial structure of neighbourhoods and their diurnal thermal patterns across the Sydney metropolitan area. Two flights were carried out at midnight and noon on calm and clear days in August 2012 in conjunction with simultaneous in-situ measurements obtained in automobile transects.Key outcomes include the development of a methodology for automated morphological classification into Local Climate Zones and city-wide thermal mapping based on a combination of remotely sensed data sets. The comparative analysis of local surface heat island magnitudes allows the assessment of a neighbourhood’s vulnerability to urban warming within the context of different urban densities.A statistical analysis quantified individual contributions of derived urban form parameters to air and surface temperature modification at precinct and street scale, including urban canyon geometry, vegetation abundance, surface cover and albedo. The resulting predictive statistical models enable the assessment of the heat island potential of proposed urban developments and scenario modelling of urban warming mitigation strategies in existing neighbourhoods. Advisors/Committee Members: Peters, Alan, Built Environment, Faculty of Built Environment, UNSW, Osmond, Paul, Built Environment, Faculty of Built Environment, UNSW, Barnett, Guy, Urban Systems Program, CSIRO.

Subjects/Keywords: Airborne remote sensing; Urban heat island; Urban warming; Microclimate; Canopy layer heat island; Precinct scale; Hyperspectral imagery; Lidar; Thermal infrared; High resolution remote imaging; Heat island mitigation; Heat island assessment; Local climate zone; Imperviousness; Urban form; Albedo; Vegetation; Urban density; Volumetric density; Height-width ratio of urban canyon; Micro scale; Local scale; Subprecinct scale; Neighborhood scale; Street scale; Urban morphology; Sydney winter time heat island; Urban canyon geometry; Automated urban classification; Spatial regression; Spatial modelling; Spatial error model; Heat island mitigation; Surface heat island

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Irger, M. (2014). The Effect of Urban Form on Urban Microclimate. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New South Wales. Retrieved from http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/53733 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:12428/SOURCE02?view=true

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Irger, Matthias. “The Effect of Urban Form on Urban Microclimate.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New South Wales. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/53733 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:12428/SOURCE02?view=true.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Irger, Matthias. “The Effect of Urban Form on Urban Microclimate.” 2014. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Irger M. The Effect of Urban Form on Urban Microclimate. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/53733 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:12428/SOURCE02?view=true.

Council of Science Editors:

Irger M. The Effect of Urban Form on Urban Microclimate. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2014. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/53733 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:12428/SOURCE02?view=true

19. Αγγελίδης, Διονύσιος. Αριθμητική μελέτη χαρακτηριστικών ροής ανέμου και διασποράς ρυπαντών σε μια τυπική αστική οδική χαράδρα των Αθηνών.

Degree: 2010, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA); Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο (ΕΜΠ)

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/18449

►

The main objective of this thesis is the numerical study of airflow and pollutant dispersion within urban street canyons for various scenarios of street geometries,… (more)

▼

The main objective of this thesis is the numerical study of airflow and pollutant dispersion within urban street canyons for various scenarios of street geometries, wind characteristics and thermal stratification. In this context, a new two-dimensional flow solver based on the Navier-Stokes equations and the finite volume method was developed to simulate incompressible laminar or turbulent viscous flow fields. The computational code incorporates a local grid refinement technique in order to increase the numerical accuracy in areas of particular interest keeping computational effort low. Additionally, inclined to the flow direction wall boundaries are implemented on Cartesian meshes with the aim to simulate the flow field developed around complex curvilinear geometries. The algebraic system of the discretized differential equations is solved utilizing an extension of the ADI algorithm for unstructured grids, which was also developed. The overall method is extended to three dimensions in order to study the flow field within complex topography of cities. Simulations revealed that where one primary vortex is developed, high levels of pollutants are found in the leeward side of street canyons. Convection proves to be the principal mechanism of transport within canyons while the mechanism of pollutant dispersion from street canyons to the outside flow layers is turbulent diffusion and the possible unsteadiness of flow fields. In cases where buildings have inclined roofs, mechanisms of pollutant dispersion vary considerably due to the appearance of double structure vortices. When unstable stratification prevails, an increase in the intensity of the vertical movements and the dominant recirculation is observed. Thermal instability favors pollutant dispersion and increases the unsteadiness of flow fields. When intensive temperature stability occurs, the levels of turbulent kinetic energy and velocity speed are significantly reduced. The numerical investigation of wind flow and pollutant dispersion in a large area of Athens indicates that the pollutant levels depend heavily on the geometric asymmetry of the street canyons, the roofs’ geometry and the angle between the prevailing wind direction and the roads. Open space areas within building complex seem to be places where levels of pollution appear low.

Ο βασικός στόχος της παρούσας διατριβής είναι η αριθμητική μελέτη της ροής του αέρα και της διασποράς ρύπων σε οδικές χαράδρες για διάφορα σενάρια γεωμετριών των οδικών χαραδρών, πνέοντος ανέμου και θερμοκρασιακής διαστρωμάτωσης. Σε αυτά τα πλαίσια αναπτύχθηκε νέος διδιάστατος υπολογιστικός κώδικας ο οποίος έχει την δυνατότητα προσομοίωσης στρωτής ή τυρβώδους ασυμπίεστης συνεκτικής ροής, επιλύοντας τις εξισώσεις Navier-Stokes με την μέθοδο των πεπερασμένων όγκων. Στον υπολογιστικό κώδικα ενσωματώθηκε μια τεχνική τοπικής πύκνωσης του υπολογιστικού πλέγματος με σκοπό την αύξηση της υπολογιστικής ακρίβειας σε περιοχές ιδιαίτερου ενδιαφέροντος με μικρό υπολογιστικό κόστος. Επιπλέον, αναπτύχθηκε μία νέα τεχνική διαχείρισης…

Subjects/Keywords: Οδική χαράδρα; Μόλυνση, Αστική; Υπολογιστική ρευστοδυναμική; Ατμοσφαιρική ευστάθεια; Μη δομημένα καρτεσιανά πλέγματα; Πεπερασμένοι όγκοι, Μέθοδος; Street canyon; Air pollution, Urban; Computational fluid dynamics; Atmospheric stability; Unstructured cartesian grids; Finite volume method

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Αγγελίδης, . �. (2010). Αριθμητική μελέτη χαρακτηριστικών ροής ανέμου και διασποράς ρυπαντών σε μια τυπική αστική οδική χαράδρα των Αθηνών. (Thesis). National Technical University of Athens (NTUA); Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο (ΕΜΠ). Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/18449

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Αγγελίδης, Διονύσιος. “Αριθμητική μελέτη χαρακτηριστικών ροής ανέμου και διασποράς ρυπαντών σε μια τυπική αστική οδική χαράδρα των Αθηνών.” 2010. Thesis, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA); Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο (ΕΜΠ). Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/18449.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Αγγελίδης, Διονύσιος. “Αριθμητική μελέτη χαρακτηριστικών ροής ανέμου και διασποράς ρυπαντών σε μια τυπική αστική οδική χαράδρα των Αθηνών.” 2010. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Αγγελίδης �. Αριθμητική μελέτη χαρακτηριστικών ροής ανέμου και διασποράς ρυπαντών σε μια τυπική αστική οδική χαράδρα των Αθηνών. [Internet] [Thesis]. National Technical University of Athens (NTUA); Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο (ΕΜΠ); 2010. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/18449.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Αγγελίδης �. Αριθμητική μελέτη χαρακτηριστικών ροής ανέμου και διασποράς ρυπαντών σε μια τυπική αστική οδική χαράδρα των Αθηνών. [Thesis]. National Technical University of Athens (NTUA); Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο (ΕΜΠ); 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/18449

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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