You searched for subject:(Stable isotopes).
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University of Manitoba
1.
Li, Chenhua.
Improving the accuracy of stable isotope analysis in ecological studies of wildlife and helminth parasites.
Degree: Biological Sciences, 2017, University of Manitoba
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/32364 
► Stable isotope analysis (SIA) is increasingly being used to reconstruct wildlife diets and determine trophic structure in ecological communities. These analyses incorporate diet -tissue discrimination…
(more)
▼ Stable isotope analysis (SIA) is increasingly being used to reconstruct wildlife diets and determine trophic structure in ecological communities. These analyses incorporate diet -tissue discrimination factors (DTDFs) and assumptions about tissue turnover rates that are unknown for many species. Further, DTDFs and turnover rates can be affected by many factors, so it is often unclear whether values derived from different species or under particular conditions (e.g. diet) can be used. Using controlled feeding studies, we determined DTDFs and turnover rates for freshwater snail species and found that diet quality had a strong effect on DTDF. Incorporation rates differed depending upon diet quality and snail feeding habits. After understanding factors that influence
stable isotope ratios, we used SIA to determine how diet influenced parasite transmission in muskrat hosts. By integrating SIA and parasitism, we determined food items to sample for SIA models, and gained novel insights into parasite life cycles and transmission.
Advisors/Committee Members: Detwiler, Jillian (Biological Sciences) (supervisor), Roth, James (Biological Sciences).
Subjects/Keywords: Stable isotopes; Parasitism
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APA (6th Edition):
Li, C. (2017). Improving the accuracy of stable isotope analysis in ecological studies of wildlife and helminth parasites. (Masters Thesis). University of Manitoba. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1993/32364
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Li, Chenhua. “Improving the accuracy of stable isotope analysis in ecological studies of wildlife and helminth parasites.” 2017. Masters Thesis, University of Manitoba. Accessed March 02, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1993/32364.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Li, Chenhua. “Improving the accuracy of stable isotope analysis in ecological studies of wildlife and helminth parasites.” 2017. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Li C. Improving the accuracy of stable isotope analysis in ecological studies of wildlife and helminth parasites. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Manitoba; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/32364.
Council of Science Editors:
Li C. Improving the accuracy of stable isotope analysis in ecological studies of wildlife and helminth parasites. [Masters Thesis]. University of Manitoba; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/32364
2.
Dorio, Lindsay A. E.
Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Analysis: A Comparison of Modern Calculus, Hair and Fingernail.
Degree: 2012, University of Nevada – Reno
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11714/3614
► Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis has been used to reflect dietary signatures in humans and animals. For ancient human remains, bone collagen and bone…
(more)
▼ Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis has been used to reflect dietary signatures in humans and animals. For ancient human remains, bone collagen and bone apatite are the traditional biomaterials used to estimate
stable isotope ratios. For modern populations, hair and fingernail are used toward this end. Recent work indicates that dental calculus from ancient remains may be another viable biomaterial for
stable isotope analysis. Because its collection is technically non-destructive, the use of dental calculus for
stable isotope analysis could have benefits in cases where destructive analysis is prohibited. To help establish the utility of calculus as an isotope proxy, the present research analyzed modern calculus, along with the established biomaterials of hair and fingernail, to determine the extent to which they yield comparable isotope ratios. The analysis shows there is a strong and significant correlation between the
stable carbon isotope ratios of modern calculus, hair and fingernails. In contrast, there is no correlation for
stable nitrogen isotope ratios between calculus and either hair or nail. Based on the high weight percentages of carbon and nitrogen in some calculus samples, these findings may be complicated by components in plaque and saliva.
Advisors/Committee Members: Scott, George R. (advisor), Smith, Geoffrey (committee member), Poulson, Simon (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Calculus; Stable Isotopes
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APA (6th Edition):
Dorio, L. A. E. (2012). Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Analysis: A Comparison of Modern Calculus, Hair and Fingernail. (Thesis). University of Nevada – Reno. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11714/3614
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Dorio, Lindsay A E. “Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Analysis: A Comparison of Modern Calculus, Hair and Fingernail.” 2012. Thesis, University of Nevada – Reno. Accessed March 02, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11714/3614.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Dorio, Lindsay A E. “Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Analysis: A Comparison of Modern Calculus, Hair and Fingernail.” 2012. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Dorio LAE. Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Analysis: A Comparison of Modern Calculus, Hair and Fingernail. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Nevada – Reno; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11714/3614.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Dorio LAE. Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Analysis: A Comparison of Modern Calculus, Hair and Fingernail. [Thesis]. University of Nevada – Reno; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11714/3614
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Indiana University
3.
Smith, Joshua M.
ORIGINS OF COUNTRY ROCK-HOSTED NI-CU-PGE MASSIVE SULFIDES NEAR MAFIC-ULTRAMAFIC INTRUSIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MIDCONTINENT RIFT SYSTEM AND THE STILLWATER COMPLEX
.
Degree: 2019, Indiana University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2022/24774
► Igneous rock-hosted sulfides in mafic-ultramafic intrusions produce most of the world’s nickel and PGEs. These sulfides were produced by sulfide saturation in mafic-ultramafic magmas and…
(more)
▼ Igneous rock-hosted sulfides in mafic-ultramafic intrusions produce most of the world’s
nickel and PGEs. These sulfides were produced by sulfide saturation in mafic-ultramafic
magmas and accumulation of sulfide liquid in the magmatic systems. Some massive Ni-Cu-PGE sulfides also occur in local country rocks. Within the Midcontinent Rift System, sheet-style and conduit-style intrusions host disseminated to massive sulfides in igneous rocks. Country rockhosted massive Ni-Cu-PGE sulfides are also found near at least three Midcontinent Rift-related intrusions; the Partridge River intrusion, the Tamarack Intrusive Complex, and the Eagle Intrusion. These massive sulfides have no known physical connections to igneous rocks, and consequently, their genesis remains controversial.
The Stillwater Complex in Montana also hosts disseminated to massive sulfides throughout
the complex. Sulfide(-oxide) mineralization in the local country rocks also occurs below the
Stillwater Complex as lenticular to laminated massive sulfide(-oxides) in the metamorphic
aureole. Prevailing opinion is the sulfide(-oxides) are genetically related to igneous-hosted
sulfides within the Stillwater Complex, but their genesis remains contentious.
Trace element and isotopic analyses of country rock-hosted massive sulfides near Eagle and
Tamarack indicate minor crustal contamination of mafic-ultramafic magmas. Trace element and isotopic compositions of samples near the Partridge River intrusion require substantial crustal contamination. Country rock-hosted sulfides near Tamarack were produced as immiscible sulfide liquids from the semi-massive sulfides from the underlying CGO unit were filter-pressed from the intrusion. Country rock-hosted massive sulfides at Eagle were produced via fractional crystallization of the massive sulfides in the igneous rocks. Massive sulfides below the Partridge River intrusion were produced when relatively low R-factor sulfide liquids leaked from the base of the intrusion.
Trace element and isotopic analyses of massive sulfide(-oxides) below the Stillwater Complex
suggest the sulfide was deposited as sedimentary or seafloor hydrothermal sulfides before
emplacement of the Stillwater Complex. Contact metamorphism dehydrated the pelitic country
rocks and the Stillwater iron formation to produce anhydrous silicates, Fe-Ti oxides, and a
metamorphic-hydrothermal fluid. Increased temperatures and circulating metamorphic fluid
caused desulfidation and produced a sulfide composition more enriched in Fe-Ni-Cu and other metals, which cooled to produce hexagonal and monoclinic pyrrhotite with trace pentlandite, chalcopyrite, and cubanite.
Advisors/Committee Members: Edward M. Ripley (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Economic Geology;
Geochemistry;
Stable Isotopes;
Radiogenic Isotopes
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APA (6th Edition):
Smith, J. M. (2019). ORIGINS OF COUNTRY ROCK-HOSTED NI-CU-PGE MASSIVE SULFIDES NEAR MAFIC-ULTRAMAFIC INTRUSIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MIDCONTINENT RIFT SYSTEM AND THE STILLWATER COMPLEX
. (Thesis). Indiana University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2022/24774
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Smith, Joshua M. “ORIGINS OF COUNTRY ROCK-HOSTED NI-CU-PGE MASSIVE SULFIDES NEAR MAFIC-ULTRAMAFIC INTRUSIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MIDCONTINENT RIFT SYSTEM AND THE STILLWATER COMPLEX
.” 2019. Thesis, Indiana University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2022/24774.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Smith, Joshua M. “ORIGINS OF COUNTRY ROCK-HOSTED NI-CU-PGE MASSIVE SULFIDES NEAR MAFIC-ULTRAMAFIC INTRUSIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MIDCONTINENT RIFT SYSTEM AND THE STILLWATER COMPLEX
.” 2019. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Smith JM. ORIGINS OF COUNTRY ROCK-HOSTED NI-CU-PGE MASSIVE SULFIDES NEAR MAFIC-ULTRAMAFIC INTRUSIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MIDCONTINENT RIFT SYSTEM AND THE STILLWATER COMPLEX
. [Internet] [Thesis]. Indiana University; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2022/24774.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Smith JM. ORIGINS OF COUNTRY ROCK-HOSTED NI-CU-PGE MASSIVE SULFIDES NEAR MAFIC-ULTRAMAFIC INTRUSIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MIDCONTINENT RIFT SYSTEM AND THE STILLWATER COMPLEX
. [Thesis]. Indiana University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2022/24774
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
McMaster University
4.
Smith, Taylor.
Individual breastfeeding and weaning histories in a 19th century Spanish sample using stable isotope analysis of incremental dentine sections.
Degree: MA, 2018, McMaster University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/24238
► Through stable isotope analysis of human tooth dentine, this thesis investigates breastfeeding and weaning patterns in relation to rickets in a sample of sub-adults (n=12)…
(more)
▼ Through stable isotope analysis of human tooth dentine, this thesis investigates breastfeeding and weaning patterns in relation to rickets in a sample of sub-adults (n=12) interred in the nineteenth century sub-adult cemetery located at the Church of the Trinitarias in Madrid, Spain. The main objectives of this research are to create early life feeding histories for each individual using dentine serial sectioning techniques and apply these histories to investigate the relationship between breastfeeding, weaning, and vitamin D deficiency. The early life feeding histories allows for the determination of the onset and complete age of weaning at an individual level. These stable isotope data are then used to estimate general trends in breastfeeding and weaning practices in nineteenth century Spain. The results of this study indicate that the onset age of weaning for most of the individuals in this sample was between 10 and 14 months of age. The age at which breastmilk consumption stopped entirely was more difficult to estimate, however, in individuals that did show evidence of completed weaning, it was estimated to occur around the age of three. These ages are slightly higher than those discussed in historical sources for nineteenth century Spain. When these results are compared to contemporaneous, more industrialized, European countries the comparison shows that the initialization of weaning occurred slightly later and was a more gradual process in this Spanish sample. The results also demonstrate that there is no direct relationship between weaning patterns and the occurrence of skeletal vitamin D deficiency. It may be that the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is linked with the nuances of breastfeeding and other biocultural variables, such as a lack of sun exposure, an inadequate weaning diet, or childcare practices.
Thesis
Master of Arts (MA)
Advisors/Committee Members: Prowse, Tracy, Anthropology.
Subjects/Keywords: Weaning; Breastfeeding; Paleopathology; Stable Isotopes
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APA (6th Edition):
Smith, T. (2018). Individual breastfeeding and weaning histories in a 19th century Spanish sample using stable isotope analysis of incremental dentine sections. (Masters Thesis). McMaster University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11375/24238
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Smith, Taylor. “Individual breastfeeding and weaning histories in a 19th century Spanish sample using stable isotope analysis of incremental dentine sections.” 2018. Masters Thesis, McMaster University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11375/24238.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Smith, Taylor. “Individual breastfeeding and weaning histories in a 19th century Spanish sample using stable isotope analysis of incremental dentine sections.” 2018. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Smith T. Individual breastfeeding and weaning histories in a 19th century Spanish sample using stable isotope analysis of incremental dentine sections. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. McMaster University; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/24238.
Council of Science Editors:
Smith T. Individual breastfeeding and weaning histories in a 19th century Spanish sample using stable isotope analysis of incremental dentine sections. [Masters Thesis]. McMaster University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/24238
University of Ottawa
5.
Liedtke, Mercedes.
Pleistocene Precipitation Changes Using O and C Isotopes on a Speleothem from the Majuanas Cave System, Cuba
.
Degree: 2020, University of Ottawa
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40649
► A stalagmite was collected in the Salón de la Permencia of the Majaguas Cave, that is a part of the Majaguas-Cantera Cave System in Cuba.…
(more)
▼ A stalagmite was collected in the Salón de la Permencia of the Majaguas Cave, that is a part of the Majaguas-Cantera Cave System in Cuba. The use of this stalagmite as a natural climate archive is advantageous not only because stalagmites can record continuous episodes of growth that are thousands of years in duration but also because they are easily and reliably dated, using U/Th dating methods. With this method, the stalagmite was reliably dated to 100 ka and was still active when removed from the cave for analysis. The stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon from this stalagmite from Western Cuba presents information of significant influencing factors on Caribbean precipitation records, and past climatic events during the Pleistocene. Due to the lack of high- resolution records for Western Cuba, this study verifies and adds to our knowledge of past climate variability for the Cuban region and the Caribbean as a whole. The δ18O data in MCS-01 shows a pattern that is very similar to the D-O and Heinrich events clearly recorded in the NGRIP ice core, especially at ~82ka and between 78-70ka. This study provides a continuous precipitation record for the area during the Pleistocene, allowing a greater understanding of the climate drivers that have had an impact on past precipitation patterns in this region.
Subjects/Keywords: Pleistocene;
Precipitation;
Stable Isotopes;
Stalagmite
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APA (6th Edition):
Liedtke, M. (2020). Pleistocene Precipitation Changes Using O and C Isotopes on a Speleothem from the Majuanas Cave System, Cuba
. (Thesis). University of Ottawa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40649
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Liedtke, Mercedes. “Pleistocene Precipitation Changes Using O and C Isotopes on a Speleothem from the Majuanas Cave System, Cuba
.” 2020. Thesis, University of Ottawa. Accessed March 02, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40649.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Liedtke, Mercedes. “Pleistocene Precipitation Changes Using O and C Isotopes on a Speleothem from the Majuanas Cave System, Cuba
.” 2020. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Liedtke M. Pleistocene Precipitation Changes Using O and C Isotopes on a Speleothem from the Majuanas Cave System, Cuba
. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40649.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Liedtke M. Pleistocene Precipitation Changes Using O and C Isotopes on a Speleothem from the Majuanas Cave System, Cuba
. [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40649
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Manitoba
6.
Crook, Kevin.
Diet and distribution of green sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) on the northeast Newfoundland coast: the influence of spawning capelin (Mallotus villosus).
Degree: Biological Sciences, 2015, University of Manitoba
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30681
► Spawning capelin (Mallotus villosus) provide a pulse resource of fish eggs and dead fish on the northeast Newfoundland coast, bringing an abundance of nutrients into…
(more)
▼ Spawning capelin (Mallotus villosus) provide a pulse resource of fish eggs and dead fish on the northeast Newfoundland coast, bringing an abundance of nutrients into the system that can be relied upon by numerous predatory and scavenging species. I investigated how this annual resource pulse influenced the diet and distribution of green sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) at capelin spawning sites and the potential for urchins to impact capelin recruitment through egg predation. Urchin density was monitored using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) during the summers of 2013 and 2014, and urchins were collected from capelin spawning sites in 2014 to assess diet using nitrogen and carbon
stable isotopes. Urchins were distributed in higher densities in areas with dead capelin and were often clumped directly on dead fish. Conversely, the presence of capelin eggs negatively influenced urchin density.
Stable isotope analysis revealed an increase in 15N when capelin resources became available, suggesting urchins were consuming capelin resources. Diet preference experiments also indicated that dead capelin were preferentially consumed over eggs. Overall, urchins appear to prefer and seek out dead capelin on spawning sites suggesting urchins may be important recyclers of capelin detritus and have little impact on capelin recruitment.
Advisors/Committee Members: Davoren, Gail (Biological Sciences) (supervisor), Roth, Jim (Biological Sciences) Paterson, Michael (Entomology) (examiningcommittee).
Subjects/Keywords: Sea urchin; Capelin; Stable isotopes
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APA (6th Edition):
Crook, K. (2015). Diet and distribution of green sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) on the northeast Newfoundland coast: the influence of spawning capelin (Mallotus villosus). (Masters Thesis). University of Manitoba. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30681
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Crook, Kevin. “Diet and distribution of green sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) on the northeast Newfoundland coast: the influence of spawning capelin (Mallotus villosus).” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Manitoba. Accessed March 02, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30681.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Crook, Kevin. “Diet and distribution of green sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) on the northeast Newfoundland coast: the influence of spawning capelin (Mallotus villosus).” 2015. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Crook K. Diet and distribution of green sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) on the northeast Newfoundland coast: the influence of spawning capelin (Mallotus villosus). [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Manitoba; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30681.
Council of Science Editors:
Crook K. Diet and distribution of green sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) on the northeast Newfoundland coast: the influence of spawning capelin (Mallotus villosus). [Masters Thesis]. University of Manitoba; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30681
7.
Jenkins, Edward.
Dietary niche dynamics of breeding seabirds in coastal Newfoundland under shifting prey availability: A stable isotope-based approach.
Degree: Biological Sciences, 2018, University of Manitoba
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/33675
► On the Newfoundland coast, an annual pulse of the capelin (Mallotus villosus), provides an excellent opportunity to investigate the influence of varying prey availability on…
(more)
▼ On the Newfoundland coast, an annual pulse of the capelin (Mallotus villosus), provides an excellent opportunity to investigate the influence of varying prey availability on seabird diet. We investigated seabird species- and assemblage-level dietary responses to shifting capelin availability of three breeding auk species (Atlantic puffin Fratercula arctica, razorbill Alca torda, common murre Uria aalge), and Leach’s storm-petrel (Oceanodroma leucorhoa) using
stable isotope ratios (δ15N, δ13C). At the species level, trophic position increased, and dietary niche breadth narrowed for auks. We also conducted a controlled feeding experiment on captive adult puffins and murres to calculate diet-tissue discrimination factors (DTDFs), specifically two blood components (i.e., plasma, cellular component). After applying these DTDFs to wild birds, Bayesian mixing model results supported our other study. Using published DTDFs from other studies resulted in different prey proportions, reiterating the importance of species- and tissue-specific diet-tissue discrimination factors when reconstructing dietary proportions of wild seabirds.
Advisors/Committee Members: Davoren, Gail (Biological Sciences) (supervisor), Roth, James (Biological Sciences), Yurkowski, David (Department of Fisheries and Oceans) (guestmembers).
Subjects/Keywords: Stable isotopes; Seabirds; Newfoundland
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APA (6th Edition):
Jenkins, E. (2018). Dietary niche dynamics of breeding seabirds in coastal Newfoundland under shifting prey availability: A stable isotope-based approach. (Masters Thesis). University of Manitoba. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1993/33675
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Jenkins, Edward. “Dietary niche dynamics of breeding seabirds in coastal Newfoundland under shifting prey availability: A stable isotope-based approach.” 2018. Masters Thesis, University of Manitoba. Accessed March 02, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1993/33675.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Jenkins, Edward. “Dietary niche dynamics of breeding seabirds in coastal Newfoundland under shifting prey availability: A stable isotope-based approach.” 2018. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Jenkins E. Dietary niche dynamics of breeding seabirds in coastal Newfoundland under shifting prey availability: A stable isotope-based approach. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Manitoba; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/33675.
Council of Science Editors:
Jenkins E. Dietary niche dynamics of breeding seabirds in coastal Newfoundland under shifting prey availability: A stable isotope-based approach. [Masters Thesis]. University of Manitoba; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/33675
8.
Soudant, Alex.
Interrogating tree response to climate forcing via high resolution stable carbon isotope (δ13C) analysis of Pinus sylvestris L. and eddy covariance measurements.
Degree: PhD, 2015, Swansea University
URL: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42353
;
https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678384
► Tree-rings are natural archives of the climate variation experienced by trees during their life span. Because trees actively discriminate against 13C versus 12C in atmospheric…
(more)
▼ Tree-rings are natural archives of the climate variation experienced by trees during their life span. Because trees actively discriminate against 13C versus 12C in atmospheric carbon dioxide due to environmental forcing inducing higher assimilation of 12C in optimal conditions for growth, the ratio between these two isotopes represents a record of climate variability occurring at the time of the wood formation. Therefore, the delta13C can be used to reconstruct palaeoclimate from when the trees sampled were living. As the instrumental period from meteorological methods to measure climate is relatively short (last 150 years), the calibration between delta13C time series and climatic data can be used to improve the understanding of climate variability through longer periods. The main objective of this study is to produce a consistent methodology for the reconstruction of climate and environmental forcing on trees from the high resolution delta13C time series over the period 1997-2009 at three study sites in Europe where extensive eddy covariance measurements have been conducted. This atmospheric measurement technique permits a very fine resolution to observe the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and a land surface with additional applications in meteorology. At Hyytiala, dendrometer and microcore measurements were used to test if a methodology can be developed to predict the occurrence of radial growth during years when dendrological data are missing. The modeling of the intra-annual rate of growth is then performed via the Gompertz equation. Integration of cell life time to match climate information with time delta13C series is also assessed. The delta13C signature from both inter- and intra-annual resolution are tested against three weather variables: photosynthetically active radiation, temperature and precipitation. The results show stronger linear responses from the delta13C time series of the most northern site (Hyytiala, Finland) to the weather variables while the two other study sites (Norunda, Sweden and Loobos, the Netherlands) did not show significant linear relationships at both annual and intra-annual resolution. The approach developed in this study represents a first step in developing a generic method accessible for non-specialists in dendroclimatology for the use of delta13C time series as climate archives.
Subjects/Keywords: 550; Stable isotopes; Growth (Plants)
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APA (6th Edition):
Soudant, A. (2015). Interrogating tree response to climate forcing via high resolution stable carbon isotope (δ13C) analysis of Pinus sylvestris L. and eddy covariance measurements. (Doctoral Dissertation). Swansea University. Retrieved from https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42353 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678384
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Soudant, Alex. “Interrogating tree response to climate forcing via high resolution stable carbon isotope (δ13C) analysis of Pinus sylvestris L. and eddy covariance measurements.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Swansea University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42353 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678384.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Soudant, Alex. “Interrogating tree response to climate forcing via high resolution stable carbon isotope (δ13C) analysis of Pinus sylvestris L. and eddy covariance measurements.” 2015. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Soudant A. Interrogating tree response to climate forcing via high resolution stable carbon isotope (δ13C) analysis of Pinus sylvestris L. and eddy covariance measurements. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Swansea University; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42353 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678384.
Council of Science Editors:
Soudant A. Interrogating tree response to climate forcing via high resolution stable carbon isotope (δ13C) analysis of Pinus sylvestris L. and eddy covariance measurements. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Swansea University; 2015. Available from: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42353 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678384
University of Waterloo
9.
Brush, Jaclyn.
Fish feeding variability over space and time in natural and regulated boreal rivers.
Degree: 2016, University of Waterloo
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/10870
► Within the boreal region of Canada, river ecosystems are affected by naturally low flows in the summer months and hydropower operations, which can greatly influence…
(more)
▼ Within the boreal region of Canada, river ecosystems are affected by naturally low flows in the summer months and hydropower operations, which can greatly influence the structure and function of river food webs. Few long-term studies exist that assess spatial and temporal variation in fish feeding in natural and regulated boreal rivers. Such studies would provide improved understanding of the role that temporal and spatial scale plays in the interpretation of how environmental influences such as flow affect food aquatic webs. The overall objective of this thesis was to examine factors affecting fish feeding in natural and regulated rivers, at over short and long-term and also within multiple river reaches.
In Chapter 2, fish feeding niche and stable isotope composition were compared over two reaches and ten years within the Batchawana River (a natural boreal river in northern Ontario), and in relation to flow metrics such as mean, minimum and maximum flow and temperature. Fish δ13C and δ15N were found to be temporally invariant in upstream and downstream river reaches. Feeding niche was temporally invariant only at the lower Batchawana River reach, with a significant increase in feeding niche observed through time for the upper river reach. There was only one significant correlation between the standard deviation of δ15N and the standard deviation of mean daily flow, but no other significant correlations between fish isotope composition (δ13C or δ15N) and select flow metrics. In Chapter 3, two rivers in south-central Newfoundland allowed for comparison of stomach contents, stable isotopes and feeding niche in normal and low flow years. During a low flow year, feeding niche decreased in the natural river and was not significantly different from that of the regulated river. The work within this thesis provides a better understanding of how fish feeding varies over space and time in natural and regulated rivers and in response to normal and low flows.
Subjects/Keywords: river; fish; stable isotopes
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APA (6th Edition):
Brush, J. (2016). Fish feeding variability over space and time in natural and regulated boreal rivers. (Thesis). University of Waterloo. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10012/10870
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Brush, Jaclyn. “Fish feeding variability over space and time in natural and regulated boreal rivers.” 2016. Thesis, University of Waterloo. Accessed March 02, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10012/10870.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Brush, Jaclyn. “Fish feeding variability over space and time in natural and regulated boreal rivers.” 2016. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Brush J. Fish feeding variability over space and time in natural and regulated boreal rivers. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/10870.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Brush J. Fish feeding variability over space and time in natural and regulated boreal rivers. [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/10870
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Louisiana State University
10.
Hiers, Chaney.
Assessment of Age at Weaning for Post-Contact Maya of Tipu, Belize, Using Stable Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen Isotope Ratios.
Degree: MA, Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2014, Louisiana State University
URL: etd-04022015-144915
;
https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/1372
► Age at weaning was assessed for a post-Spanish contact Maya population, the Tipu, by sampling 25 individuals (20 subadults less than seven years of…
(more)
▼ Age at weaning was assessed for a post-Spanish contact Maya population, the Tipu, by sampling 25 individuals (20 subadults less than seven years of age and five females from 18 to 45 years of age). Whole ribs, for younger subadults, and rib fragments, for older subadults and adults, were sampled for stable nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen isotope ratios. Five lines of evidence were used to assess age at weaning: stable carbon composition from collagen (δ13Ccol), stable nitrogen composition from collagen (δ15Ncol), stable carbon composition from apatite (δ13Cap), difference in collagen and apatite composition (Δ13Cap-col), and stable oxygen composition from apatite (δ18Oap). The subadults interpreted as breastfeeding at time of death were those that displayed the trophic level effect: δ15Ncol elevated 2‰ to 3‰ above the stable nitrogen composition of the adult females and δ13Ccol elevated ~1‰ above the stable carbon composition of the adult females. For this study, three subadults less than one year, one aged one to two years, and one aged two to four years displayed the trophic level effect. The other lines of evidence (i.e., δ13Cap, Δ13Cap-col, and δ18Oap) suggest individuals less than one year of age consumed a diet of breast milk, while other subadults consumed a diet equivalent to the mother’s before two to four years of age. Breast milk and maize have similar carbon content, and therefore, the δ13Cap varied little between the subadult categories and the adult females. The difference between collagen and apatite (Δ13Cap-col) increased as maize consumption in the subadult diet increased and breast milk consumption decreased. Lastly, δ18Oap decreased as the subadults increased their consumption of environmental water. Though ethnohistoric data suggest that individuals at Tipu were weaned between three and four years of age, data from this study suggests that individuals at Tipu may have been fully weaned by two to three years of age.
Subjects/Keywords: bioarchaeology; stable isotopes; Tipu; Belize
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APA (6th Edition):
Hiers, C. (2014). Assessment of Age at Weaning for Post-Contact Maya of Tipu, Belize, Using Stable Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen Isotope Ratios. (Masters Thesis). Louisiana State University. Retrieved from etd-04022015-144915 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/1372
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hiers, Chaney. “Assessment of Age at Weaning for Post-Contact Maya of Tipu, Belize, Using Stable Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen Isotope Ratios.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Louisiana State University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
etd-04022015-144915 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/1372.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hiers, Chaney. “Assessment of Age at Weaning for Post-Contact Maya of Tipu, Belize, Using Stable Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen Isotope Ratios.” 2014. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Hiers C. Assessment of Age at Weaning for Post-Contact Maya of Tipu, Belize, Using Stable Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen Isotope Ratios. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Louisiana State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: etd-04022015-144915 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/1372.
Council of Science Editors:
Hiers C. Assessment of Age at Weaning for Post-Contact Maya of Tipu, Belize, Using Stable Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen Isotope Ratios. [Masters Thesis]. Louisiana State University; 2014. Available from: etd-04022015-144915 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/1372
University of Canterbury
11.
Moody, Louise Dawn.
Indonesian climate investigations using stable isotopic data from modern, Holocene and Pliocene corals.
Degree: MS, Geology, 2012, University of Canterbury
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/8249
► Earth’s climate system has experienced significant changes throughout its history. Tropical, glacial and interglacial conditions have persisted across the globe during the Tertiary, and the…
(more)
▼ Earth’s climate system has experienced significant changes throughout its history. Tropical, glacial and interglacial conditions have persisted across the globe during the Tertiary, and the present interglacial period with strong seasonality and episodes of warming and cooling has existed for the last several thousand years. However, rapid warming during the last century has highlighted the importance of understanding past climate behaviour, in order to predict the likely effects of such warming on our future climate. This has led to the use of proxies, such as sediment cores, tree rings, ice and carbonates, which provide high resolution palaeoclimate archives. Studies using a variety of proxies from around the globe have developed a network of site specific climate information, offering insights of climate fluctuations on a millennial scale, and identifying changing oceanic conditions as a major influence on global climate change. Coral skeletons are particularly sensitive recorders of ambient seawater conditions as they record fluctuations of oxygen and carbon in their aragonitic skeletons, which are caused by perturbations of sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS). Therefore, tropical oceans themselves provide a crucial record of climate change. Many of the coupled atmospheric-oceanographic processes that drive the global climate system occur in the Indo-Pacific, making it a particularly important region for data collection. Porites corals from the Indo-Pacific have been studied in detail and have revealed high resolution SST and SSS records, yet comprehensive investigations using other coral species are minimal. This study expands upon the current understanding of coral proxies by investigating three coral species of different ages, and provides new insights into the palaeoclimate history of the Indo-Pacific.
Goniastrea retiformis, Platygyra pini and Platygyra lamellina corals have been retrieved from Timor Leste in the Indo-Pacific, and analysed using stable and radiogenic isotopic techniques. Sclerochronology was used to determine that the 4.5 year old, modern G. retiformis coral was living from 2006-mid 2010. Uranium-thorium (U/Th) analysis provided a mid Holocene age of 4.5 ± 0.092 (2σ) ka for the fossil P. pini. Uranium-lead (U/Pb) techniques were used to obtain a 2.7 ± 0.34 (2σ) Ma age for the fossil P. lamellina. A rigorous diagenetic screening process of X-ray diffraction (XRD), petrographic analysis of thin sections, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been carried out to ascertain the extent of preservation in each coral. X-ray images allow annual density bands to be located and unique micromilling paths were developed for the three samples. This enabled us to obtain the first δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C stable isotope results for a G. retiformis coral, and the first fossil coral results for the Platygyra genus. Cross spectral analysis has been used to verify the periodicity of seasonal fluctuations visible in the data, and confirmed that these coral species are suitable…
Subjects/Keywords: Corals; stable isotopes; palaeoclimate; Indonesia
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APA (6th Edition):
Moody, L. D. (2012). Indonesian climate investigations using stable isotopic data from modern, Holocene and Pliocene corals. (Masters Thesis). University of Canterbury. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/8249
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Moody, Louise Dawn. “Indonesian climate investigations using stable isotopic data from modern, Holocene and Pliocene corals.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Canterbury. Accessed March 02, 2021.
http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/8249.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Moody, Louise Dawn. “Indonesian climate investigations using stable isotopic data from modern, Holocene and Pliocene corals.” 2012. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Moody LD. Indonesian climate investigations using stable isotopic data from modern, Holocene and Pliocene corals. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Canterbury; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/8249.
Council of Science Editors:
Moody LD. Indonesian climate investigations using stable isotopic data from modern, Holocene and Pliocene corals. [Masters Thesis]. University of Canterbury; 2012. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/8249
Virginia Tech
12.
Riegler, Mitchell Scott.
Inferring Extinct Reptilian Response To Global Warming: Insights From Modern Stable Isotope Ratios.
Degree: MS, Geosciences, 2018, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/95879
► Lizard ecology through time is largely unknown. Understanding ecology is important because of today’s drastic climate change, but this is not a unique event. Early…
(more)
▼ Lizard ecology through time is largely unknown. Understanding ecology is important because of today’s drastic climate change, but this is not a unique event. Early Cenozoic hyperthermals were comparable to the perturbations currently experienced by living species. Understanding ecology through time must acknowledge the dynamic relationship between an organism and its environment on multiple scales. Ecological inferences can be based on form equaling function, correlating certain features (e.g. leaf-shaped dentition) with certain behaviors (e.g. herbivorous diet). Though this applies to specific taxa, there are confounding examples. Ecology can also be inferred through indirect means, but these are disconnected from the taxon of interest.
Stable isotope geochemistry, however, provides an independent test. I analyzed
stable isotope ratios (δ¹⁸O, δ¹³C) from enamel, providing new data on the connection between morphology, diet, and environment. I find a trophic separation in δ¹³C, and indications of aridity through δ¹⁸O. I applied this framework to extinct lizards from an Early Eocene (Wa4) assemblage, a key time between two major global warming events (Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum and Early Eocene Climatic Optimum). I identify xenosaurid and glyptosaurine squamates and alethinophidian snakes. The xenosaurid is one of the youngest representatives of Restes rugosus, and I provide the first testable hypothesis of its ecology. These δ¹⁸O values corroborate hypotheses of a wet, tropical environment, and the δ¹³C values indicate an insectivorous or carnivorous diet for both taxa. My study provides an independent test of ecology of both extant and fossil lizards, with implications for differing survivorship throughout the early Cenozoic.
Advisors/Committee Members: Stocker, Michelle (committeechair), Gill, Benjamin C. (committee member), Nesbitt, Sterling J. (committee member), Xiao, Shuhai (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: lizards; stable isotopes; Anguimorpha; ecology
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APA (6th Edition):
Riegler, M. S. (2018). Inferring Extinct Reptilian Response To Global Warming: Insights From Modern Stable Isotope Ratios. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/95879
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Riegler, Mitchell Scott. “Inferring Extinct Reptilian Response To Global Warming: Insights From Modern Stable Isotope Ratios.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 02, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/95879.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Riegler, Mitchell Scott. “Inferring Extinct Reptilian Response To Global Warming: Insights From Modern Stable Isotope Ratios.” 2018. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Riegler MS. Inferring Extinct Reptilian Response To Global Warming: Insights From Modern Stable Isotope Ratios. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/95879.
Council of Science Editors:
Riegler MS. Inferring Extinct Reptilian Response To Global Warming: Insights From Modern Stable Isotope Ratios. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/95879
Colorado State University
13.
Dávila-Olmo, Katherine.
Stable isotope (δ2H and δ18O) characterization of the South Platte River, Colorado.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Geosciences, 2011, Colorado State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/49871
► Stable isotope compositions (δ2H and δ18O) were examined at 13 sites along the South Platte River, Colorado during the water year 2009-2010. As a natural…
(more)
▼ Stable isotope compositions (δ2H and δ18O) were examined at 13 sites along the South Platte River, Colorado during the water year 2009-2010. As a natural part of the water molecule,
stable isotope (δ2H and δ18O) compositions are used as indicators to trace flow of water in the hydrologic cycle, allowing the identification of sources of water and evaporation processes. A strong positive correlation was determined between δ2H and δ18O compositions along the South Platte River, from Henderson to Julesburg, CO. All isotope compositions plotted below the global and regional meteoric water lines, indicating these were enriched in the heavy isotope forms relative to precipitation. Isotopic compositions were observed to vary spatially and temporally and between low and high flows. Mean isotope compositions became enriched with distance downstream from Henderson (-110.2 ‰ δ2H and -14.4 ‰ δ18O) to Julesburg (-94.5 ‰ δ2H and -12.0 ‰ δ18O). Mean isotope compositions also varied during different seasonal periods, with enriched compositions in the fall (September and October) (-98.9 ‰ δ2H and -12.5 ‰ δ18O) and winter (January and February) (-100.7 ‰ δ2H and -12.5 ‰ δ18O) seasons of 2009-2010 relative to those during the summer (June and July) (-104.8 ‰ δ2H and -13.5 ‰ δ18O) of 2009 and the spring (April and May) (-102.8 ‰ δ2H and -13.6 ‰ δ18O) and summer (June) (-114.1 ‰ δ2H and -15.2 ‰ δ18O) seasons of 2010. Furthermore, mean
stable isotope compositions were generally enriched during the low flow (-99.5 ‰ δ2H and -12.8 ‰ δ18O) period from July 2009 to April 2010 relative to the high flow (-110.1 ‰ δ2H and -14.3 ‰ δ18O) period in June 2009, May and June 2010. The observed enrichment and changes in isotope compositions could have been due to: 1) the contribution to river discharge of different sources of water characterized by particular isotope signatures 2) evaporation processes where lighter isotope forms are favorably transformed to the vapor phase, concentrating the heavier isotope forms in the liquid phase 3) a change of origin of vapor sources with varying isotope signatures during different seasons and 4) a combination of the above.
Advisors/Committee Members: Sanford, William E. (advisor), Stednick, John D. (committee member), Ronayne, Michael (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: South Platte River; stable isotopes
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APA (6th Edition):
Dávila-Olmo, K. (2011). Stable isotope (δ2H and δ18O) characterization of the South Platte River, Colorado. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/49871
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Dávila-Olmo, Katherine. “Stable isotope (δ2H and δ18O) characterization of the South Platte River, Colorado.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10217/49871.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Dávila-Olmo, Katherine. “Stable isotope (δ2H and δ18O) characterization of the South Platte River, Colorado.” 2011. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Dávila-Olmo K. Stable isotope (δ2H and δ18O) characterization of the South Platte River, Colorado. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/49871.
Council of Science Editors:
Dávila-Olmo K. Stable isotope (δ2H and δ18O) characterization of the South Platte River, Colorado. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/49871
Colorado School of Mines
14.
Reed, Ariel P.
Diel redox cycling and its impact on inorganic nitrogen in an engineered wetland designed for water treatment.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Environmental Science and Engineering, 2019, Colorado School of Mines
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173018
► The Prado Wetland Basin located near Orange County, CA consists of experimental, unvegetated, wetland cells that were designed and implemented to remove incoming nitrate (NO3-)…
(more)
▼ The Prado Wetland Basin located near Orange County, CA consists of experimental, unvegetated, wetland cells that were designed and implemented to remove incoming nitrate (NO3-) from the diverted Santa Ana River, an anthropogenically-impaired drinking water source. NO3- is a federally-mandated compound that causes human disease and eutrophica- tion of waterbodies. The sediment, a.k.a. biomat, within these wetland cells is instrumental in nitrogen transformations and removal and consists of photosynthetic diatoms, bacteria, and archaea. The processes by which this biological consortium removes NO3- remain elusive. In order to assess NO3- removal in these experimental cells, surface water samples were collected at the inlet and outlet of a mature, open-water wetland cell with a hydraulic residence time of one day during June and September of 2018. Physical and chemical pa- rameters, such as pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrogen oxides, and dissolved metals, revealed that the wetland water chemistry changes on a day versus night basis, or by a predictable, diel pattern. Since the biomat is a key facilitator in nitrogen transformation and removal within the wetland cell, inorganic nitrogen species within the biomat porewater were quantified at various depths during day and night conditions. Porewater sampling revealed a diel pattern in NO3- and nitrite (NO2-) at more surficial biomat depths, as well as the presence of oxidized nitrogen species at deeper biomat depths, depths assumed to harbor extremely reduced conditions. The presence of intermediate, inorganic nitrogen species in the surface and porewater provide clues as to the fate and removal of nitrogen within the wetland.
Stable nitrogen isotope tracer experiments using 15NO2- were performed to quantify ni- trogen transformation and removal pathways on a day versus night basis. Of the measured biochemical reactions, all reactions were determined to occur faster at night than during the day. Coupled nitrification-denitrification, a metabolic process that converts aqueous nitrogen to gaseous nitrogen, was identified as the dominant nitrogen removal pathway during both the day and night. An additional pathway that does not contribute to the net removal of aqueous nitrogen was identified. More research is needed to quantify other nitrogen cycling pathways not addressed here. The identification and quantification of nitrogen transformation rates and documenta- tion of diel changes in surface and porewater chemistry on a day versus night basis within these experimental, unvegetated, wetland ecosystems can better inform wetland design and operation, leading to water quality and ecosystem optimization.
Advisors/Committee Members: Sharp, Jonathan O. (advisor), Strathmann, Timothy J. (committee member), Smith, Richard L. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: nitrogen; engineered wetlands; stable isotopes
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APA (6th Edition):
Reed, A. P. (2019). Diel redox cycling and its impact on inorganic nitrogen in an engineered wetland designed for water treatment. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173018
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Reed, Ariel P. “Diel redox cycling and its impact on inorganic nitrogen in an engineered wetland designed for water treatment.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 02, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173018.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Reed, Ariel P. “Diel redox cycling and its impact on inorganic nitrogen in an engineered wetland designed for water treatment.” 2019. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Reed AP. Diel redox cycling and its impact on inorganic nitrogen in an engineered wetland designed for water treatment. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173018.
Council of Science Editors:
Reed AP. Diel redox cycling and its impact on inorganic nitrogen in an engineered wetland designed for water treatment. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173018
University of Western Ontario
15.
Schwartz-Narbonne, Rachel E.
Reframing the Mammoth Steppe: Examining Mammoth Steppe Ecology Using Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopic Compositions of Megafauna Collagen.
Degree: 2016, University of Western Ontario
URL: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/3495
► The Pleistocene mammoth steppe was a vast biome that stretched from northwestern Europe to central Canada. A diverse set of megaherbivore and megacarnivore species lived…
(more)
▼ The Pleistocene mammoth steppe was a vast biome that stretched from northwestern Europe to central Canada. A diverse set of megaherbivore and megacarnivore species lived within this biome and there was significant ecosystem faunal and floral homogeneity. At the end of the Pleistocene, this biome disappeared, with the extinction or extirpation of many of the megafaunal species that inhabited it. This thesis reconstructs the ecology of the mammoth steppe using the isotopic compositions of carbon and nitrogen from megafaunal collagen. The reconstruction is done at a variety of ecological scales, beginning with individual animal- and season-specific isotopic studies of antlers, and then comparison to bones from the same species. This provides a framework to understand the habitat and diet of antlered species through the Pleistocene and into the Holocene. Non-ruminant species ecology is assessed using the carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of the individual amino acids that comprise their bulk collagen. The compound-specific technique allows metabolic and habitat or dietary effects to be separated and diets to be classified. These studies indicate woolly mammoths ate a distinct diet, likely comprising decayed plants, and that some horses shared this dietary niche. The Pleistocene giant beaver consumed aquatic plants, while the mastodon consumed unmodified terrestrial plant material. Finally, the bulk collagen isotopic compositions measured in this work as well as reviewed from the literature are compiled and the mathematical tool SIBER (Stable Isotope Bayesian Ellipses in R) is used to define the isotopic niche for multiple megaherbivore species at different times and sites across the mammoth steppe. This, combined with the dietary and habitat information gleaned from the antler and amino acid isotopic measurements, allows an in-depth analysis of mammoth steppe ecology. Before the LGM (Last Glacial Maximum), most species occupied consistent isotopic niches between sites across the mammoth steppe, suggesting consistent diets or habitats during the pre-LGM period. These isotopic niche patterns changed during the LGM, and the patterns were not re-established post-LGM or in the Holocene. These changes suggest that the ecosystem suffered a major disturbance during the LGM, before the extinctions that occurred at the end of the Pleistocene.
Subjects/Keywords: mammoth steppe; Pleistocene; stable isotopes; carbon isotopes; nitrogen isotopes; paleoecology; Biogeochemistry
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APA (6th Edition):
Schwartz-Narbonne, R. E. (2016). Reframing the Mammoth Steppe: Examining Mammoth Steppe Ecology Using Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopic Compositions of Megafauna Collagen. (Thesis). University of Western Ontario. Retrieved from https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/3495
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Schwartz-Narbonne, Rachel E. “Reframing the Mammoth Steppe: Examining Mammoth Steppe Ecology Using Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopic Compositions of Megafauna Collagen.” 2016. Thesis, University of Western Ontario. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/3495.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Schwartz-Narbonne, Rachel E. “Reframing the Mammoth Steppe: Examining Mammoth Steppe Ecology Using Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopic Compositions of Megafauna Collagen.” 2016. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Schwartz-Narbonne RE. Reframing the Mammoth Steppe: Examining Mammoth Steppe Ecology Using Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopic Compositions of Megafauna Collagen. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/3495.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Schwartz-Narbonne RE. Reframing the Mammoth Steppe: Examining Mammoth Steppe Ecology Using Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopic Compositions of Megafauna Collagen. [Thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2016. Available from: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/3495
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of California – Riverside
16.
Boudreau, Simone.
Stable Isotopic Composition and Phosphorus Concentration in Sediment From Two Southern California Lakes.
Degree: Environmental Sciences, 2015, University of California – Riverside
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7bb170gr
► ABSTRACT OF THE THESISStable Isotopic Composition and Phosphorus Concentration in Sediment From Two Southern California LakesbySimone Claire BoudreauMaster of Science, Graduate Program in Environmental SciencesUniversity…
(more)
▼ ABSTRACT OF THE THESISStable Isotopic Composition and Phosphorus Concentration in Sediment From Two Southern California LakesbySimone Claire BoudreauMaster of Science, Graduate Program in Environmental SciencesUniversity of California, Riverside, December 2015Dr. Michael A. Anderson, ChairpersonExcessive nutrient loading to lakes reduces water clarity, degrades biological habitat, limits light penetration, and often results in anoxia. Increased watershed urbanization is a major contributing factor of externally loaded nutrients. But even in lakes that have successfully reduced external nutrient loading rates, high nutrient concentrations may persist due to internal nutrient recycling within lake sediments. Internal phosphorus (P) cycling dynamics are a balance between sedimentation, which depends on the mineralization rate of settling organic matter; diagenetic processes within the sediment after deposition; and remobilization of P after deposition, which depends on mobile P content and elemental composition of the sediment. The interplay between these processes determines whether phosphorus is recycled or sequestered in the sediment, as well as how long it remains bioavailable. Measurement of the stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in sediment have enabled assessment of the sources and degree of cycling of organic matter, which is important in controlling Pburial and release. In this study, stable isotopic composition, elemental composition, and phosphorus forms in the sediment from two southern California lakes that are impaired due to nutrients are assessed to determine how dynamic hydrologic conditions and management actions have influenced water and sediment quality in order to gain insight into how sediment properties and biogeochemical processes respond to varying conditions in each lake. The results of the study provide a comprehensive understanding of the sedimentological processes occurring in the lakes, which is imperative to accurately predict eutrophication trajectories and the impact that future events will have on water quality in order to develop the most effective nutrient mitigation strategies.
Subjects/Keywords: Environmental science; phosphorus; sediment; stable isotopes
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APA (6th Edition):
Boudreau, S. (2015). Stable Isotopic Composition and Phosphorus Concentration in Sediment From Two Southern California Lakes. (Thesis). University of California – Riverside. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7bb170gr
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Boudreau, Simone. “Stable Isotopic Composition and Phosphorus Concentration in Sediment From Two Southern California Lakes.” 2015. Thesis, University of California – Riverside. Accessed March 02, 2021.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7bb170gr.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Boudreau, Simone. “Stable Isotopic Composition and Phosphorus Concentration in Sediment From Two Southern California Lakes.” 2015. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Boudreau S. Stable Isotopic Composition and Phosphorus Concentration in Sediment From Two Southern California Lakes. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Riverside; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7bb170gr.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Boudreau S. Stable Isotopic Composition and Phosphorus Concentration in Sediment From Two Southern California Lakes. [Thesis]. University of California – Riverside; 2015. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7bb170gr
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Queensland University of Technology
17.
Larsen, Genevieve R.
Determination of coastal ground and surface water processes and character by use of hydrochemistry and stable isotopes, Fraser Coast, Queensland.
Degree: 2012, Queensland University of Technology
URL: https://eprints.qut.edu.au/53334/
► This study was part of an integrated project developed in response to concerns regarding current and future land practices affecting water quality within coastal catchments…
(more)
▼ This study was part of an integrated project developed in response to concerns regarding current and future land practices affecting water quality within coastal catchments and adjacent marine environments. Two forested coastal catchments on the Fraser Coast, Australia, were chosen as examples of low-modification areas with similar geomorphological and land-use characteristics to many other coastal zones in southeast Queensland. For this component of the overall project, organic , physico-chemical (Eh, pH and DO), ionic (Fe2+, Fe3+), and isotopic (ä13CDIC, ä15NDIN ä34SSO4) data were used to characterise waters and identify sources and processes contributing to concentrations and form of dissolved Fe, C, N and S within the ground and surface waters of these coastal catchments. Three sites with elevated Fe concentrations are discussed in detail. These included a shallow pool with intermittent interaction with the surface water drainage system, a monitoring well within a semi-confined alluvial aquifer, and a monitoring well within the fresh/saline water mixing zone adjacent to an estuary. Conceptual models of processes occurring in these environments are presented. The primary factors influencing Fe transport were; microbial reduction of Fe3+ oxyhydroxides in groundwaters and in the hyporheic zone of surface drainage systems, organic input available for microbial reduction and Fe3+ complexation, bacterial activity for reduction and oxidation, iron curtain effects where saline/fresh water mixing occurs, and variation in redox conditions with depth in ground and surface water columns. Data indicated that groundwater seepage appears a more likely source of Fe to coastal waters (during periods of low rainfall) via tidal flux. The drainage system is ephemeral and contributes little discharge to marine waters. However, data collected during a high rainfall event indicated considerable Fe loads can be transported to the estuary mouth from the catchment.
Subjects/Keywords: Fraser Coast; water processes; stable isotopes
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APA (6th Edition):
Larsen, G. R. (2012). Determination of coastal ground and surface water processes and character by use of hydrochemistry and stable isotopes, Fraser Coast, Queensland. (Thesis). Queensland University of Technology. Retrieved from https://eprints.qut.edu.au/53334/
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Larsen, Genevieve R. “Determination of coastal ground and surface water processes and character by use of hydrochemistry and stable isotopes, Fraser Coast, Queensland.” 2012. Thesis, Queensland University of Technology. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://eprints.qut.edu.au/53334/.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Larsen, Genevieve R. “Determination of coastal ground and surface water processes and character by use of hydrochemistry and stable isotopes, Fraser Coast, Queensland.” 2012. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Larsen GR. Determination of coastal ground and surface water processes and character by use of hydrochemistry and stable isotopes, Fraser Coast, Queensland. [Internet] [Thesis]. Queensland University of Technology; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://eprints.qut.edu.au/53334/.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Larsen GR. Determination of coastal ground and surface water processes and character by use of hydrochemistry and stable isotopes, Fraser Coast, Queensland. [Thesis]. Queensland University of Technology; 2012. Available from: https://eprints.qut.edu.au/53334/
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
18.
McCarter, Jesse.
Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Cheboygan River, Michigan, Watershed: Parasitic Feeding Ecology and Origin of Adults.
Degree: MS, School for Environment and Sustainability, 2019, University of Michigan
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/150642
► Historic and recent evidence suggests that a landlocked population of Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) complete their life cycle in the upper Cheboygan watershed. In this…
(more)
▼ Historic and recent evidence suggests that a landlocked population of Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) complete their life cycle in the upper Cheboygan watershed. In this watershed, the fish communities of Burt and Mullett lakes support the parasitic-stage for this population, while the surrounding tributaries provide spawning and larval rearing habitat. The Cheboygan River lock and dam system serves as a partial barrier between this ‘upper-river’ population and Sea Lamprey that feed in Lake Huron. Despite this barrier, Lake Huron Sea Lamprey still may escape into the ‘upper-river’ and utilize the same spawning grounds as those from Burt and Mullett lakes. The objectives of this study were to determine (1) what fishes Sea Lamprey feed on in Burt and Mullett lakes and (2) whether spawning-phase Sea Lamprey from Lake Huron can be distinguished from those from Burt and Mullett lakes through morphological characteristics and
stable isotopes. Results indicate that ‘upper-river’ Sea Lamprey feed on ‘less desirable’ fishes when compared to their Lake Huron counterparts. Parasitic-phase Sea lamprey from the ‘upper river’ did not differ significantly in size relative to Sea Lamprey from Lake Huron as a group. However, when stratified by month of capture, ‘upper-river’ Sea Lamprey were significantly larger than parasites from Lake Huron. Spawning-phase Sea Lamprey differed significantly in size with Lake Huron Sea Lamprey being larger than those of unknown origins.
Stable isotope data showed that ‘upper-river’ Sea Lamprey heads had significantly lower deuterium (δ2H) and δ18O values than those from Lake Huron. Therefore, measurement of total length and weight of spawning-phase Sea Lamprey and deuterium from Sea Lamprey heads should be a useful method for managers to distinguish between spawning-phase Sea Lamprey as either originating from Lake Huron or from the ‘upper-river’, allowing for more accurate population estimates of landlocked Sea Lamprey from Burt and Mullett lakes, aiding in their control.
Advisors/Committee Members: Drevnick, Paul (advisor), Johnson, Nicholas (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: sea lamprey; stable isotopes; cheboygan river
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APA (6th Edition):
McCarter, J. (2019). Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Cheboygan River, Michigan, Watershed: Parasitic Feeding Ecology and Origin of Adults. (Masters Thesis). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/150642
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
McCarter, Jesse. “Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Cheboygan River, Michigan, Watershed: Parasitic Feeding Ecology and Origin of Adults.” 2019. Masters Thesis, University of Michigan. Accessed March 02, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/150642.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
McCarter, Jesse. “Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Cheboygan River, Michigan, Watershed: Parasitic Feeding Ecology and Origin of Adults.” 2019. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
McCarter J. Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Cheboygan River, Michigan, Watershed: Parasitic Feeding Ecology and Origin of Adults. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Michigan; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/150642.
Council of Science Editors:
McCarter J. Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Cheboygan River, Michigan, Watershed: Parasitic Feeding Ecology and Origin of Adults. [Masters Thesis]. University of Michigan; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/150642
University of Georgia
19.
Moore, Liberty Ann.
Distribution of mercury in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis), and mercury concentrations in the species across its range.
Degree: 2014, University of Georgia
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/21604
► American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) are top-level predators that can accumulate mercury in high concentrations. As human consumption of alligator continues to increase, there is an…
(more)
▼ American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) are top-level predators that can accumulate mercury in high concentrations. As human consumption of alligator continues to increase, there is an increased public health concern. I conducted
two studies examining mercury concentrations in the American alligator. The first study was conducted on alligators from the Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge (RWR), Louisiana, to determine how mercury is distributed among body organ/tissue compartments.
Samples from body organ/tissue compartments, including brain, gonad, heart, kidney, liver, and muscle were tested for mercury (Hg) and stable isotope (?13C and ?15N) signatures. Relationships between body organ/tissue compartments and non-invasive
samples (blood, claws and dermal tail scutes) were examined to determine whether concentrations in non-invasive samples could be used to monitor populations non-lethally. Mercury concentrations in all organ/tissue compartments were correlated with each
other, body size, and ?15N signatures. The ?13C signatures were not correlated with mercury concentrations or body size. Mercury was highest in the blood, followed by kidney and liver. Concentrations of mercury were lowest in gonad and brain tissue.
Because mercury concentrations from blood, claws, and scutes were correlated with those of the internal organs/tissue compartments, non-lethal sampling methods may be a viable method of indexing 2 mercury burdens in body tissues. The second study
involved examining tail muscle and liver samples from wild alligators in Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and the Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge in Louisiana, and an alligator farm in Mitchell County, Georgia to determine if mercury concentrations varied
geographically in the species. The highest Hg concentrations were found in alligators from Glynn County, Georgia and southeast Alabama, while the lowest were found in the alligators from the RWR and the alligator farm. Differences among locations
suggested that alligators could be used as biomonitors of mercury in the locations they inhabit.
Subjects/Keywords: American alligator; mercury; stable isotopes; biomonitor
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APA (6th Edition):
Moore, L. A. (2014). Distribution of mercury in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis), and mercury concentrations in the species across its range. (Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10724/21604
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Moore, Liberty Ann. “Distribution of mercury in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis), and mercury concentrations in the species across its range.” 2014. Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed March 02, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10724/21604.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Moore, Liberty Ann. “Distribution of mercury in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis), and mercury concentrations in the species across its range.” 2014. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Moore LA. Distribution of mercury in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis), and mercury concentrations in the species across its range. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/21604.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Moore LA. Distribution of mercury in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis), and mercury concentrations in the species across its range. [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/21604
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Saskatchewan
20.
Hilderman, Joel Neil.
Net percolation as a function of topographic variation in a reclamation cover over a saline-sodic overburden dump.
Degree: 2011, University of Saskatchewan
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/etd-07242011-230315
► Surface mining of oil sands in northern Alberta requires stripping of saline-sodic shale overburden, which is typically placed in large upland overburden dumps. Due to…
(more)
▼ Surface mining of oil sands in northern Alberta requires stripping of saline-sodic shale overburden, which is typically placed in large upland overburden dumps. Due to the chemical nature of this shale, engineered soil covers must be constructed over the shale to support the growth of forest vegetation. A research site on South Bison Hill (SBH), a shale overburden dump at the Syncrude Canada Ltd. Mildred Lake Mine, has been used by researchers over the past decade to study the performance of a reclamation cover.
This study was undertaken to improve the understanding of salt and moisture dynamics in the cover-shale system. In particular, the objective of this study was to develop an estimate of the net percolation rate through the cover soil and into the shale overburden.
Stable isotope (ä2H and ä18O) measurements obtained from the pore water of soil samples were used to develop
stable isotope profiles at various sampling locations along the slope and plateau of the SBH. Simulated profiles were then generated using 2D, finite element numerical modelling software and compared to the measured profiles. Model parameters were obtained from testing and the work of previous researchers. The model results revealed that the net percolation is greatest (32-50 mm/yr) for the plateau and mid-slope bench sample locations. Net percolation rates for sample locations on the slope were lower at 0-12 mm/yr.
The results from the
stable isotope modelling were utilized in a SO42- transport model to ascertain if calculated net percolation rates could explain measured salinity profiles. This modelling exercise revealed that calculated SO42- profiles are highly dependent on the assumed SO42- production rates in the shale, which is primarily attributed to pyrite oxidation. The model results showed the isotope-based net percolation rates could explain the measured SO42-profiles for a reasonable range SO42- production rates. The SO42- production rates calculated in the model were greatest for the plateau and mid-slope bench locations and lesser for the sloped locations. The model also showed that the mass of SO42- removed by interflow was minimal compared to the mass generated by pyrite oxidation and that net percolation is the dominant flushing mechanism at net percolation rates of 8 mm/yr or more.
Advisors/Committee Members: Barbour, S. Lee, Hendry, M. James, Feldman, Lisa, Elshorbagy, Amin, Helgason, Warren.
Subjects/Keywords: advection; diffusion; sulphate; stable isotopes; oil sands
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APA (6th Edition):
Hilderman, J. N. (2011). Net percolation as a function of topographic variation in a reclamation cover over a saline-sodic overburden dump. (Thesis). University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10388/etd-07242011-230315
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hilderman, Joel Neil. “Net percolation as a function of topographic variation in a reclamation cover over a saline-sodic overburden dump.” 2011. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan. Accessed March 02, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10388/etd-07242011-230315.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hilderman, Joel Neil. “Net percolation as a function of topographic variation in a reclamation cover over a saline-sodic overburden dump.” 2011. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Hilderman JN. Net percolation as a function of topographic variation in a reclamation cover over a saline-sodic overburden dump. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/etd-07242011-230315.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Hilderman JN. Net percolation as a function of topographic variation in a reclamation cover over a saline-sodic overburden dump. [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/etd-07242011-230315
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Texas A&M University
21.
Tamalavage, Anne Elizabeth.
Stable Organic Isotopic (δ^15Norg, δ^13Corg) Evidence for Climate-Forced Landscape and Aquatic Change During the Late Holocene in Abaco Island, The Bahamas.
Degree: MS, Oceanography, 2016, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158123
► The sediments that have accumulated in Blackwood Sinkhole preserve a 3000-year record of environmental change on Abaco Island, Northern Bahamas. Previous palynological data reveal that…
(more)
▼ The sediments that have accumulated in Blackwood Sinkhole preserve a 3000-year record of environmental change on Abaco Island, Northern Bahamas. Previous palynological data reveal that Abaco’s forest structure has not been constant during the late Holocene (last 3000 years), likely in response to local precipitation changes from southern migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) at 1000 Cal yrs BP. This thesis investigates the geochemical record of forest structure change with geochemical signals (δ
13Corg and δ
15Norg, C:N and Lignin-derived CuO Oxidation Products (LOP)) preserved by the bulk sedimentary organic matter (OM) within Blackwood Sinkhole.
Currently, the northern Bahamian islands (Abaco, Andros, Grand Bahamas, and New Providence) receive greater annual precipitation than those further to the south, which may be generating sufficiently mesic conditions for the northern islands to support Pinus forests. Geochemical proxies reveal shifts in OM sources throughout the core that can be classified under three distinct groupings. Measured variation in the geochemical proxies remains consistent with the effects of a southern displacement of the ITCZ at 1000 Cal yrs BP. Group 3 (approximately, 1500-3000 YBP (1700 YBP in core 3)) is characterized by a depleted δ
13Corg signature (relative to group 1), a higher mean S/V ratio relative to group 1, the highest mean C:N ratio, and a dominance of Myrtaraceae and Arecaceae. Group 2 (approximately 1000-1500 YBP) is defined by a higher mean δ
15Norg signature, the most depleted δ
13Corg signature, an increase in soft tissue LOP signatures (Cinnamyl/Vanillyl, C/V ratio), and a presence of Lemna spores within the interval. Group 1 (approximately 0-1000 YBP) is predominantly defined by a relatively enriched δ
13Corg signature, a lower Syringyl/Vanillyl (S/V) LOP ratio, and an emergence of Conocarpus, Pinus, and Typha angustifolia. OM source changes, defined by the measure of δ
13Corg and δ
15Norg, C:N and LOP signatures, within Blackwood Sinkhole support the previously compiled palynological reconstruction of forest structure change, and record regional terrestrial and aquatic response (of the surrounding watershed and in the sinkhole) to larger scale climatic changes through time.
Advisors/Committee Members: Louchouarn, Patrick (advisor), van Hengstum, Peter (advisor), Kaiser, Karl (committee member), Riggs, Eric (committee member), Thomas, Deborah (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Holocene; Sinkhole; Organic Geochemistry; Bahamas; Stable Isotopes
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APA (6th Edition):
Tamalavage, A. E. (2016). Stable Organic Isotopic (δ^15Norg, δ^13Corg) Evidence for Climate-Forced Landscape and Aquatic Change During the Late Holocene in Abaco Island, The Bahamas. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158123
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Tamalavage, Anne Elizabeth. “Stable Organic Isotopic (δ^15Norg, δ^13Corg) Evidence for Climate-Forced Landscape and Aquatic Change During the Late Holocene in Abaco Island, The Bahamas.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158123.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Tamalavage, Anne Elizabeth. “Stable Organic Isotopic (δ^15Norg, δ^13Corg) Evidence for Climate-Forced Landscape and Aquatic Change During the Late Holocene in Abaco Island, The Bahamas.” 2016. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Tamalavage AE. Stable Organic Isotopic (δ^15Norg, δ^13Corg) Evidence for Climate-Forced Landscape and Aquatic Change During the Late Holocene in Abaco Island, The Bahamas. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158123.
Council of Science Editors:
Tamalavage AE. Stable Organic Isotopic (δ^15Norg, δ^13Corg) Evidence for Climate-Forced Landscape and Aquatic Change During the Late Holocene in Abaco Island, The Bahamas. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158123
Texas A&M University
22.
Correa Valencia, Sandra Bibiana.
Trophic Ecology of Frugivorous Fishes in Floodplain forests of the Colombian Amazon.
Degree: PhD, Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-08-11839
► Diverse fish species consume fruits and seeds in the Neotropics, in particular in the lowland reaches of large rivers, such as the Amazon, Orinoco, and…
(more)
▼ Diverse fish species consume fruits and seeds in the Neotropics, in particular in the lowland reaches of large rivers, such as the Amazon, Orinoco, and Parana in South America. Floodplains of the Amazon River and its lowland tributaries are characterized by marked hydrological seasonality and diverse assemblages of frugivorous fishes, including closely related and morphologically similar species of several characiform families. Here, I investigated whether or not these fishes are capable of detecting fluctuations in food availability and if they are, how they adjust their feeding strategies. I tested predictions of optimal foraging, limiting similarity and resource partitioning theories with regard to expansion or compression of niche breadth and reduction in trophic niche overlap among species in relation with fluctuations in the availability of alternative food resources. I monitored fruiting phenology patterns to assess food availability and conducted intensive fishing during the high-, falling-, and low-water seasons in an oligotrophic river and an adjacent oxbow lake in the Colombian Amazon. I combined analysis of stomach contents and
stable isotope ratios to evaluate dietary patterns, niche breadth, and niche overlap.
Diets of six characiform fish species (Brycon falcatus, B. melanopterus, Myloplus asterias, M. rubripinnis, and M. torquatus) changed in a manner that indicated responses to fluctuations in food availability. Feeding strategies during the peak of the flood pulse were consistent with predictions of optimal foraging theory. During times of high fruit abundance, fish preferentially consumed items to which their phenotype is best adapted, maximizing net energy gain and enhancing fitness. As the flood pulse subsided and the availability of forest food resources was reduced in aquatic habitats, there was not a consistent pattern of diet breadth expansion or compression, even though diet shifts occurred, suggesting interspecific differences in foraging efficiencies. Analyses of diets and isotopic ratios revealed a general pattern of increased dietary segregation as the water level receded. Although there never was complete niche segregation among these fishes, these dietary changes effectively reduced interspecific niche overlap. Implications of these results and contribution of allochthonous food resources to diversity maintenance of floodplain fishes are discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Winemiller, Kirk (advisor), Behmer, Spence (committee member), Davis, Stephen (committee member), Gatlin, Derbert (committee member), Olszewski, Thomas (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Niche partitioning; Frugivory; Diet; Stable isotopes
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APA (6th Edition):
Correa Valencia, S. B. (2012). Trophic Ecology of Frugivorous Fishes in Floodplain forests of the Colombian Amazon. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-08-11839
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Correa Valencia, Sandra Bibiana. “Trophic Ecology of Frugivorous Fishes in Floodplain forests of the Colombian Amazon.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-08-11839.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Correa Valencia, Sandra Bibiana. “Trophic Ecology of Frugivorous Fishes in Floodplain forests of the Colombian Amazon.” 2012. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Correa Valencia SB. Trophic Ecology of Frugivorous Fishes in Floodplain forests of the Colombian Amazon. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-08-11839.
Council of Science Editors:
Correa Valencia SB. Trophic Ecology of Frugivorous Fishes in Floodplain forests of the Colombian Amazon. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-08-11839
Penn State University
23.
Thomas, Evan Michael.
Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Water Stable Isotope Compositions at the Susquehanna-shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory.
Degree: 2013, Penn State University
URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/18718
► Patterns of water flow paths and time scales are important for nearly all environmental processes within in the Critical Zone. To better understand these hydrological…
(more)
▼ Patterns of water flow paths and time scales are important for nearly all environmental processes within in the Critical Zone. To better understand these hydrological processes, a water
stable isotope network was established at the Susquehanna-Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory to determine spatial and temporal dynamics of the hydrologic pools (precipitation, soil water, groundwater, and stream water) within the catchment. Precipitation samples were collected automatically on an event basis in a clearing at the ridge top. Soil water was collected every two weeks from four distinct transects at varying depths using suction cup lysimeters. Groundwater at two locations in the stream riparian and stream water at the outlet were collected daily using automatic samplers. Groundwater was also sampled every two weeks at 18 spatially distributed wells throughout the catchment. Isotopic analysis was performed using LGR Isotope Analyzer following IAEA guidelines. Results demonstrated the strong seasonality of precipitation isotope compositions and relative stationarity of groundwater isotopic compositions around the annual amount weighted isotope composition of precipitation suggesting groundwater is recharged by precipitation from each season, but that recharge mechanisms appear to differ during the year. Results strongly demonstrate the ability of the soil profile to attenuate the seasonal isotopic composition of the input to a constant composition at a depth of 1.5 m suggesting the importance of hydrodynamic mixing of precipitation from different seasons. Spatial patterns of soil water isotope profiles showed asymmetric snow melt dynamics between the north and south slopes. Investigations of standard deviations of seasonal isotope profiles provided evidence of lateral preferential flow along soil horizon and soil-bedrock interfaces during the cold season and vertically through macropores during the warm season.
Investigation of the temporal dynamics of isotopic composition of precipitation yielded interesting results with respect to the influence of precipitation amounts and type on expected frequencies as well as the local meteoric water line. A test case of a small subset of the precipitation record showed that incorporation of precipitation amounts to one-dimensional and two-dimensional kernel density estimates shifted the distribution substantially. Full record unweighted and weighted kernel density estimates revealed that isotope compositions of precipitation were not symmetrical but skewed towards more depleted values for the four year monitoring period. Monthly weighted kernel density estimates showed the importance of snow and tropical storm isotopic composition imposing a seasonal variation to the precipitation record. Time integration of precipitation isotope compositions using an amount weighing procedure from event to seasonally amount weighted isotope compositions reduced the variability within the record yet preserved the seasonal cycle. Construction of local meteoric water lines using…
Advisors/Committee Members: Christopher J Duffy, Thesis Advisor/Co-Advisor.
Subjects/Keywords: stable isotopes; deuterium; oxygen-18; hydrology
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APA (6th Edition):
Thomas, E. M. (2013). Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Water Stable Isotope Compositions at the Susquehanna-shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/18718
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Thomas, Evan Michael. “Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Water Stable Isotope Compositions at the Susquehanna-shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory.” 2013. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/18718.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Thomas, Evan Michael. “Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Water Stable Isotope Compositions at the Susquehanna-shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory.” 2013. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Thomas EM. Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Water Stable Isotope Compositions at the Susquehanna-shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/18718.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Thomas EM. Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Water Stable Isotope Compositions at the Susquehanna-shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2013. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/18718
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Waterloo
24.
Ives, Jessica.
Isotopic niche use by the invasive mysid Hemimysis anomala in the Laurentian Great Lakes basin.
Degree: 2013, University of Waterloo
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7518
► Invasive species are a known stressor on aquatic ecosystems, particularly in the waters of the Great Lakes basin. A recent invader, Hemimysis anomala, has had…
(more)
▼ Invasive species are a known stressor on aquatic ecosystems, particularly in the waters of the Great Lakes basin. A recent invader, Hemimysis anomala, has had significant impacts on the food webs of Europe, where it invaded previous to its spread to North America. However, despite the fact that Hemimysis is now widespread in the Great Lakes basin, no analysis has been done on the trophic position of Hemimysis in North America invaded sites. This thesis used carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotopes to examine spatial and temporal patterns in Hemimysis trophic niche use in invaded North American sites in an attempt to broaden the knowledge base on this invader and to examine potential impacts this invader may have on the food webs of the Great Lakes.
A spatial comparison of trophic niche use by Hemimysis among 13 sites in Lake Erie, Lake Ontario, and the St. Lawrence River was conducted between late July and mid-September of 2011. Main sources of carbon (benthic versus pelagic production) and trophic offset, or trophic distance from basal food web items, of Hemimysis were quantified using Hemimysis δ13C and δ15N values. Results indicated that: 1) Hemimysis relied predominantly on pelagic carbon sources at the majority of sites, and isotopic differences between life-stages existed at two of the 13 sites examined, 2) the trophic offset and reliance on pelagic food sources did not differ significantly between lotic and lentic sites, and 3) the isotopic niche width of Hemimysis was spatially heterogeneous, varying by an order of magnitude among sites, but was unrelated to the degree of isotopic variation in the basal food web at each site. Observed ranges in trophic offset and the pelagic fraction of dietary carbon indicate that Hemimysis derives carbon from both benthic and water column sources, as well as at multiple trophic levels. Results support the notion that Hemimysis is an opportunistic omnivore that displays significant dietary flexibility.
To test the relative importance of key biotic and abiotic factors, taken from the literature, in driving Hemimysis isotopic variation, a temporal analysis was conducted at two North American sites, one in Lake Ontario and one in the St. Lawrence River, which were repeatedly sampled for Hemimysis and related food web items between September 2008 and January 2012. Seasonal patterns of winter enrichment – summer depletion were found in Hemimysis δ15N in Lake Ontario, but a similar pattern was not seen in the St. Lawrence River. Multiple regression models were used to determine the importance of water temperature, Hemimysis C:N ratios, Hemimysis length, and the isotopic values of basal food web components in explaining observed variation in Hemimysis δ13C and δ15N values. Significant relationships were found between Hemimysis isotopic values and water temperature, but relationships with the isotopic signatures of the pelagic basal food web were weak or nonexistent. Hemimysis δ13C values were significantly correlated with C:N ratios. Strong evidence of an ontogenetic…
Subjects/Keywords: stable isotopes; invasive species; food web
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APA (6th Edition):
Ives, J. (2013). Isotopic niche use by the invasive mysid Hemimysis anomala in the Laurentian Great Lakes basin. (Thesis). University of Waterloo. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7518
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ives, Jessica. “Isotopic niche use by the invasive mysid Hemimysis anomala in the Laurentian Great Lakes basin.” 2013. Thesis, University of Waterloo. Accessed March 02, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7518.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ives, Jessica. “Isotopic niche use by the invasive mysid Hemimysis anomala in the Laurentian Great Lakes basin.” 2013. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Ives J. Isotopic niche use by the invasive mysid Hemimysis anomala in the Laurentian Great Lakes basin. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7518.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Ives J. Isotopic niche use by the invasive mysid Hemimysis anomala in the Laurentian Great Lakes basin. [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7518
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Penn State University
25.
Holmes, George.
USING δ2H AND δ18O TO DETERMINE THE FLOWPATHS AND TIMESCALES OF WATER AT THE SUSQUEHANNA SHALE HILLS CRITICAL ZONE OBSERVATORY
.
Degree: 2011, Penn State University
URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11904
► A stable isotope sampling network was implemented at the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory. The objective was to determine the δ2H and δ18O signature…
(more)
▼ A
stable isotope sampling network was implemented at the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory. The objective was to determine the δ2H and δ18O signature in the catchment pools to determine the flowpaths and timescales of the hydrologic system. The
stable isotope network covers all phases of the hydrologic cycle, including precipitation sampled adaptively during precipitation events with an Eigenbrodt NSA-181/S wet-only collector (six-hour samples), soil water sampled weekly along four transects with 80 suction-cup lysimeters, groundwater sampled daily at two wells with ISCO automatic samplers and bi-weekly at 16 wells and stream water sampled daily with an ISCO automatic sampler. The comprehensive sampling of the network was possible because of the DLT-100 liquid water
stable isotope analyzer from Los Gatos Research, with a reproducibility of ± 0.2%0 for δ18O, ± 1.0%0 for δD and the capability to run 30 samples per day. The δ2H and δ18O data showed the dominance of cold season infiltration and recharge, with recharge specifically occurring over the period of late September – May. The δ2H and δ18O record also showed that groundwater regularly flushed the deep soil water, and that groundwater is the major component of streamflow. Preferential flowpaths in the soil during the cool or non-growing season was identified and is related to stream stormflow. A piecewise constant model for flow, tracer concentration and age was based on the work of Duffy and Cusumano (1998) and Duffy (2010), and was unique in that it solved for transient flow. The finding of the age model was that the mean age of the water in the catchment ranged between 4.5 – 9 months. The oldest ages occurred during the summer drought and the youngest ages occurred during times of maximum recharge over the winter. This research was performed as part of the NSF-funded Critical Zone Observatory and the importance of this effort multi-investigator effort was essential to the success of this research.
Advisors/Committee Members: Christopher J Duffy, Thesis Advisor/Co-Advisor, Christopher J Duffy, Thesis Advisor/Co-Advisor.
Subjects/Keywords: flowpaths; deuterium; oxygen-18; stable isotopes; age
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Holmes, G. (2011). USING δ2H AND δ18O TO DETERMINE THE FLOWPATHS AND TIMESCALES OF WATER AT THE SUSQUEHANNA SHALE HILLS CRITICAL ZONE OBSERVATORY
. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11904
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Holmes, George. “USING δ2H AND δ18O TO DETERMINE THE FLOWPATHS AND TIMESCALES OF WATER AT THE SUSQUEHANNA SHALE HILLS CRITICAL ZONE OBSERVATORY
.” 2011. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11904.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Holmes, George. “USING δ2H AND δ18O TO DETERMINE THE FLOWPATHS AND TIMESCALES OF WATER AT THE SUSQUEHANNA SHALE HILLS CRITICAL ZONE OBSERVATORY
.” 2011. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Holmes G. USING δ2H AND δ18O TO DETERMINE THE FLOWPATHS AND TIMESCALES OF WATER AT THE SUSQUEHANNA SHALE HILLS CRITICAL ZONE OBSERVATORY
. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11904.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Holmes G. USING δ2H AND δ18O TO DETERMINE THE FLOWPATHS AND TIMESCALES OF WATER AT THE SUSQUEHANNA SHALE HILLS CRITICAL ZONE OBSERVATORY
. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2011. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11904
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Texas A&M University
26.
Van Plantinga, Alexander.
Texas Brazos River Flow and Mussel Growth Reconstructions Using Stable Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Carbon Isotopes and Trace Elements.
Degree: PhD, Geology, 2015, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156303
► The interaction between drought and river regulation is monitored to better understand river flow mixing, evaporation, and surface-groundwater exchange in changing regional climates and in…
(more)
▼ The interaction between drought and river regulation is monitored to better understand river flow mixing, evaporation, and surface-groundwater exchange in changing regional climates and in increasingly regulated waterways. I compared Brazos River
stable isotope (δ
18O and δD) and electrical conductivity values with reservoir, creek, and aquifer samples in the Brazos watershed, the largest watershed in Texas. Shells from two common species of Brazos River mussel, Amblema plicata and Cyrtonaias tampicoensis, were serially-sampled in the inner and outer shell layers for δ
18O, δ
13C, and trace elements to examine the isotopic and chemical signatures of the 2011-2014 drought. Predicted aragonite δ
18O for the 2012-13 study interval has an irregular pattern that complicates development of growth chronologies in modern shells. To circumvent this problem, clumped isotope (Δ47) temperature measurements were used for interpreting segments of shell growth chronologies. To characterize the influence that biological and environmental variables have on shell chemistry, one specimen from each of the above two mussel species were studied using paired isotope-trace element analyses and cathodoluminescence.
The Brazos River Alluvium Aquifer and the Lake Whitney reservoir, both on the main river channel, represent water source endmembers of dilute runoff water and evaporated saline water, respectively. The difference between river and precipitation
Δ
18O, or Δ
18ORIV-PPT, a measurement of degree of evaporation, ranged from 0.9‰ for a small creek, to 2.7‰ for the Brazos River, to at least 3.7‰ in Lake Whitney. Δ
18O values and trends were similar in coeval shell transects, indicating that δ
18O is a valid chronometer when calibrated, although all shell had winter growth cessations. Δ
13C trends were similar between shells, suggesting strong environmental control influenced by upstream dam releases. The shell isotope chronologies can be used to reconstruct variation in river discharge, flow source, and salinity. Shell δ
13C, Sr/Ca, and Mn/Ca generally covaried in the shell regions sampled, and shell δ
13C is thought to be controlled by upstream dam releases based on previous work. Relationships between Sr/Ca and temperature are consistent with temperature-paced metabolic control on shell Sr/Ca as in other studies.
Advisors/Committee Members: Grossman, Ethan L (advisor), Roark, Erin B (advisor), West, Jason B (committee member), Marcantonio, Franco (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Geochemistry; Stable Isotopes; Rivers; Hydrology; Mussels; Sclerochronology
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APA (6th Edition):
Van Plantinga, A. (2015). Texas Brazos River Flow and Mussel Growth Reconstructions Using Stable Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Carbon Isotopes and Trace Elements. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156303
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Van Plantinga, Alexander. “Texas Brazos River Flow and Mussel Growth Reconstructions Using Stable Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Carbon Isotopes and Trace Elements.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156303.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Van Plantinga, Alexander. “Texas Brazos River Flow and Mussel Growth Reconstructions Using Stable Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Carbon Isotopes and Trace Elements.” 2015. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Van Plantinga A. Texas Brazos River Flow and Mussel Growth Reconstructions Using Stable Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Carbon Isotopes and Trace Elements. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156303.
Council of Science Editors:
Van Plantinga A. Texas Brazos River Flow and Mussel Growth Reconstructions Using Stable Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Carbon Isotopes and Trace Elements. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156303
Queens University
27.
Kjikjerkovska, Elizabeta.
Long-term hydroclimatic change and interannual variability in water sources, Apex River (Iqaluit), Baffin Island, Nunavut
.
Degree: Geography, 2016, Queens University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/14085
► The eastern Canadian Arctic is home to Canada’s largest Indigenous population, which depends on local freshwater sources for drinking water. However, small watersheds have rarely…
(more)
▼ The eastern Canadian Arctic is home to Canada’s largest Indigenous population, which depends on local freshwater sources for drinking water. However, small watersheds have rarely been analyzed for long-term hydrologic response to changing climate. This study aims to address this issue by examining the Apex River, a small watershed with a long hydroclimatic record, near Iqaluit, Nunavut. Particular emphasis was placed on the long-term changes in climate and river discharge, and the seasonal variability of water sources between two snapshots in time, 1983 and 2013. Long-term hydrological data were obtained from gauge station 10UH002, operated by Environment and Climate Change Canada, and long-term meteorological data were acquired from Environment Canada–operated stations near Iqaluit Airport. Breakpoint analysis suggested that long-term mean annual surface air temperatures have increased since 1994. In contrast, no long-term total precipitation or annual discharge changes were observed. However, river flow initiation and cessation analyses of the Apex River flow season indicates that flow extended into the autumn since the 2000s. The 2013 flow season lasted 44 days longer than the 1983 flow season. Systematic river sampling was undertaken throughout the 2013 thaw season to determine contributing proportions of event (snowmelt or rainfall) and pre-event (baseflow) water to river runoff. Results from the stable isotope hydrograph separation for 2013 were compared to findings for 1983. Snow was the main source of water to the river during the snowmelt period in 1983 and 2013, however baseflow was still an important contributor. Although there was high similarity of water sources early in the season in 1983 and 2013, the two years differed during the autumn. In 2013 there was a high rainfall runoff response that was not present in 1983, suggesting high release of late-season sub-surface water storage and an increased sensitivity to late-season rainfall events in 2013. This research provides insights into the hydrologic response of the Apex River to long-term climatic change, and highlights the need for high-quality precipitation and discharge data for effective long-term hydrological assessment.
Subjects/Keywords: Stable Water Isotopes
;
Water Sources
;
Hydrology
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Kjikjerkovska, E. (2016). Long-term hydroclimatic change and interannual variability in water sources, Apex River (Iqaluit), Baffin Island, Nunavut
. (Thesis). Queens University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1974/14085
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kjikjerkovska, Elizabeta. “Long-term hydroclimatic change and interannual variability in water sources, Apex River (Iqaluit), Baffin Island, Nunavut
.” 2016. Thesis, Queens University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1974/14085.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kjikjerkovska, Elizabeta. “Long-term hydroclimatic change and interannual variability in water sources, Apex River (Iqaluit), Baffin Island, Nunavut
.” 2016. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Kjikjerkovska E. Long-term hydroclimatic change and interannual variability in water sources, Apex River (Iqaluit), Baffin Island, Nunavut
. [Internet] [Thesis]. Queens University; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/14085.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Kjikjerkovska E. Long-term hydroclimatic change and interannual variability in water sources, Apex River (Iqaluit), Baffin Island, Nunavut
. [Thesis]. Queens University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/14085
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
North Carolina State University
28.
Childress, Laurel.
Use of Stable Isotopes and GIS Modeling to Study Late Pleistocene to Holocene Environmental Change in the Waipaoa Sedimentary System, New Zealand.
Degree: MS, Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, 2009, North Carolina State University
URL: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/2612
► The source to sink investigation of complex sedimentary systems necessitates chemical (stable isotope and elemental) and physical (modeling) analyses to elucidate temporal changes in volume…
(more)
▼ The source to sink investigation of complex sedimentary systems necessitates chemical (
stable isotope and elemental) and physical (modeling) analyses to elucidate temporal changes in volume and provenance of sediment supply. The
stable isotopic composition of organic matter in continental margin sediments provides a useful, long-term record of environmental change. The Waipaoa River watershed, New Zealand, represents a system of interest due to its location on an active margin, very large sediment supply, and well known, relatively recent history of anthropogenic disturbance. Radiocarbon measurements of three continental shelf cores taken aboard the RV Marion Dufresne in January 2006 offshore from the river mouth suggest a record extending into the late Pleistocene, dating as far back as 14,000 years. Geographic information systems (GIS) modeling suggests large increases in erosion with reduction in landcover due to natural volcanic events and anthropogenic disturbances. Carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses of terrestrial sources including soil profiles, sedimentary rocks and riverine sediments from within the watershed suggest terrestrial processes such as shoreline progradation, hillslope erosion and gully incision, volcanic eruptions, and the capture of river tributaries are possibly influencing isotopic ratios and impacting the marine stratigraphic record. Unique isotopic signatures of soil profiles from disparate areas of the watershed could explain some isotopic variation seen in the cores as deviation in delivery volume from certain tributaries. Within the marine record in all three cores exists a distinct excursion of carbon
isotopes to more positive values. Possible explanations for this include: 1) an increase in the flux of an isotopically heavy terrestrial fraction from the erosion of kerogen and 2) a decrease in the proportion of terrestrial organic matter due to dilution of river sediments with volcanic ash. Increasing nitrogen isotope values also within the excursion could suggest an increase in marine organic matter, however this could be the result of increased input of degraded refractory terrigenous organic matter or contributions of inorganic nitrogen.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Christopher Osburn, Committee Member (advisor), Dr. David DeMaster, Committee Member (advisor), Dr. Helena Mitasova, Committee Member (advisor), Dr. Elana Leithold, Committee Chair (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: stable isotopes; GIS; carbon; source to sink
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APA ·
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CSE |
Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Childress, L. (2009). Use of Stable Isotopes and GIS Modeling to Study Late Pleistocene to Holocene Environmental Change in the Waipaoa Sedimentary System, New Zealand. (Thesis). North Carolina State University. Retrieved from http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/2612
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Childress, Laurel. “Use of Stable Isotopes and GIS Modeling to Study Late Pleistocene to Holocene Environmental Change in the Waipaoa Sedimentary System, New Zealand.” 2009. Thesis, North Carolina State University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/2612.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Childress, Laurel. “Use of Stable Isotopes and GIS Modeling to Study Late Pleistocene to Holocene Environmental Change in the Waipaoa Sedimentary System, New Zealand.” 2009. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Childress L. Use of Stable Isotopes and GIS Modeling to Study Late Pleistocene to Holocene Environmental Change in the Waipaoa Sedimentary System, New Zealand. [Internet] [Thesis]. North Carolina State University; 2009. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/2612.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Childress L. Use of Stable Isotopes and GIS Modeling to Study Late Pleistocene to Holocene Environmental Change in the Waipaoa Sedimentary System, New Zealand. [Thesis]. North Carolina State University; 2009. Available from: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/2612
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Victoria University of Wellington
29.
Emanuelsson, Daniel.
High-Resolution Water Stable Isotope Ice-Core Record: Roosevelt Island, Antarctica.
Degree: 2016, Victoria University of Wellington
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/6699
► This thesis presents a water-isotope (δD) record from 1900 to 2009 for the Roosevelt Island Climate Evolution (RICE) ice core, Antarctica. Examination of the RICE…
(more)
▼ This thesis presents a water-isotope (δD) record from 1900 to 2009 for the Roosevelt Island Climate Evolution (RICE) ice core, Antarctica. Examination of the RICE isotope record with observation data (using global reanalysis and SST datasets) revealed details of the climate signal that is preserved within the full 763 m isotope record. RICE δD provides a proxy record, which captures the central tropical Pacific ENSO variability, the significant (p < 0.01) central Pacific δD-SST correlation pattern contain the Niño-4 SST region. Central tropical Pacific ENSO variability projects upon the Amundsen Sea region via a Pacific–South American pattern (PSA)-like teleconnection. RICE δD is primarily influenced by Amundsen Sea circulation, which coincides with the leading PSA pattern’s (PSA1) circulation focal point in the Amundsen Sea. Additionally, RICE regional physical setting (sheltered from direct impact from Amundsen Sea cyclones by WA orography) offers a unique setting, where enriched
isotopes only are associated with one PSA1 polarity (El Niño, PSA1+, Amundsen Sea anticyclones). In contrast, during La Niña and Amundsen Sea cyclones, δD is depleted. Combined these settings, provides a compelling explanation to why RICE δD preserves PSA1 and ENSO variability. On interannual and seasonal time scales, the RICE δD variability is well-explained by the PSA teleconnections and their interactions over the Pacific sector. The influence from PSA2 on δD is strong during the beginning of the year (December–February, DJF). In contrast, the PSA1 influence is strong during the latter part of the year, peaking in spring (September–November, SON). The isotope record appears to preserve tropical Pacific El Niño-like interdecadal variability, particularly a decadal-signal from the central-Pacific (Niño-4 SST region) and from the Pacific-wide Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). On decadal-scales RICE δD is modulated by ENSO and Southern Annular Mode (SAM); when the correlation with SAM is active (during IPO+) δD appears to be in a depleted state and when the correlation with SAM breaks down (during IPO−) δD appears to be in a relatively enriched state. A RICE δD SST proxy reconstruction can potentially provide a record longer than the currently available observational datasets, allowing for examination of intrinsic decadal-scale tropical Pacific climate variability and its extratropical impact.
Advisors/Committee Members: Bertler, Nancy, Baisden, Troy, Renwick, James.
Subjects/Keywords: Water stable isotopes; ENSO variability; ice cores
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APA (6th Edition):
Emanuelsson, D. (2016). High-Resolution Water Stable Isotope Ice-Core Record: Roosevelt Island, Antarctica. (Doctoral Dissertation). Victoria University of Wellington. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10063/6699
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Emanuelsson, Daniel. “High-Resolution Water Stable Isotope Ice-Core Record: Roosevelt Island, Antarctica.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Victoria University of Wellington. Accessed March 02, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10063/6699.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Emanuelsson, Daniel. “High-Resolution Water Stable Isotope Ice-Core Record: Roosevelt Island, Antarctica.” 2016. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Emanuelsson D. High-Resolution Water Stable Isotope Ice-Core Record: Roosevelt Island, Antarctica. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/6699.
Council of Science Editors:
Emanuelsson D. High-Resolution Water Stable Isotope Ice-Core Record: Roosevelt Island, Antarctica. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/6699
Iowa State University
30.
Carroll, Hannah M.
Late Quaternary paleoecology of the North American midcontinent.
Degree: 2020, Iowa State University
URL: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/17846
► Vegetation dynamics at regional to subcontinental scales are complex, and our understanding of the critical factors which govern them is far from complete. Temperature operates…
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▼ Vegetation dynamics at regional to subcontinental scales are complex, and our understanding of the critical factors which govern them is far from complete. Temperature operates on a roughly longitudinal gradient across North America, while precipitation gradients are roughly latitudinal. What results is a complex climate space which is then further subdivided by topography, underlying geology, surface and subsurface hydrology, and seasonality, to name but a few, into broad-scale vegetation zones, or ecoregions. I used a combination of approaches to investigate climate and vegetation dynamics at multiple spatiotemporal scales, and to develop new tools to study past climate.
Defining and delineating past ecoregions has long presented a challenge. Fossil pollen distinguishes between major biome types, i.e., grassland versus forest, with great success. However, distinguishing between prairie types at regional to subcontinental scales using the pollen record has been impossible. The ratio of Ambrosia (ragweed) to Artemisia (sagebrush, wormwood, mugwort) pollen has been shown to differentiate between tallgrass, mixed grass, and shortgrass prairie over a small portion of the modern Great Plains of North America. I extended that technique, and showed that the log-transformed Ambrosia to Artemisia ratio can reliably distinguish between subregions within the Great Plains, as well as regions immediately adjacent. In addition, I found that the relationship between Ambrosia and Artemisia pollen is best explained by precipitation rather than temperature, and that it produces reliable precipitation estimates when used to create models. This will allow for better reconstructions of past climate and improve delineations of past ecoregion boundaries.
Pollen data are routinely used in paleoenvironmental studies to understand past climate and vegetation. One existing limitation in working with pollen data is the need to write code in order to execute several of the routine analyses in paleoecological work. I developed GeoPollen, a Shiny Dashboard application, to be a streamlined, user-friendly GUI-based tool for performing these basic analyses. Users are able to utilize more than 3,000 publicly available pollen datasets from the Neotoma Paleoecology Database spanning the last 22,000 years from the United States and Canada. GeoPollen performs a suite of common tasks on demand and generates diagnostics necessary for evaluating results. I developed GeoPollen in order to increase the openness and accessibility of late Quaternary pollen data.
Boundaries between vegetation types are often highly sensitive to perturbations in climate. For example, the tallgrass prairie-temperate forest ecotone in Minnesota shifted rapidly and repeatedly during the mid-Holocene climate optimum, a warm and dry period ~9,000 - 5,000 years ago. A much less well-understood region exists at the southern limit of the prairie in southwest Missouri. This location serves as an excellent model system, as it represents a transitional zone between temperate grasslands and…
Subjects/Keywords: phytoliths; pollen; pollen ratio; prairie; stable isotopes
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Record Details
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Carroll, H. M. (2020). Late Quaternary paleoecology of the North American midcontinent. (Thesis). Iowa State University. Retrieved from https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/17846
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Carroll, Hannah M. “Late Quaternary paleoecology of the North American midcontinent.” 2020. Thesis, Iowa State University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/17846.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Carroll, Hannah M. “Late Quaternary paleoecology of the North American midcontinent.” 2020. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Carroll HM. Late Quaternary paleoecology of the North American midcontinent. [Internet] [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/17846.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Carroll HM. Late Quaternary paleoecology of the North American midcontinent. [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2020. Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/17846
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
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Open Access Theses and Dissertations
