subject:(Spiders)

Oregon State University

1. Hill, David Edwin. The structure of the central nervous system of jumping spiders of the genus Phidippus (Araneae:Salticidae).

Degree: MS, Zoology, 1975, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/44510

► The central nervous system of Phidippus, while comparable to that of other spiders in most respects, is distinguished by the extraordinary development of visual processing… (more)

▼ The central nervous system of Phidippus, while comparable to that of other spiders in most respects, is distinguished by the extraordinary development of visual processing centers, associated with the complex visually-directed behavior of these animals. The primary neuropile of the anterior medial eyes consists of two distinct columnar synapsing regions. There is some evidence that the geometry of this structure may correspond to the arrangement of receptors in the anterior medial eyes. First-order interneurons link this primary neuropile with a less structured, massive secondary neuropile at the top of the syncerebrum. The optic nerve fibers of each lateral eye synapse in a convoluted primary neuropile. Two distinct first order interneuron types join this neurcroile to a lateral eye neuropile and the protocerebrum on one hand, and to the glomerular layer of the corpora pedunculata on the other. Each of these interneurons branches to form two separate synapsing regions in the primary neuropile. The small optic nerve of the posterior medial eyes synapses in a glomerular neuropile. Large interneuron fibers associated with this neuropile lead to the protocerebrum. This structure suggests a special role for information provided by the posterior medial eyes, perhaps in the regulation of diurnal activity patterns. In the corpora pedunculata, intrinsic fibers synapse anteriorly with first-order interneurons of the lateral eyes, and form linear fibers bearing numerous synaptic glomeruli in the pedunculus. The latter is the site of extensive synapsing with extrinsic fibers. The corpora pedunculata are considered to be secondary visual centers, quite possibly concerned with directed orientation to visual stimuli. In structure they are the analogs, rather than the homologs, of similar structures observed in annelids and in other arthropods. This distinction supports the separation of the Chelicerata from the latter groups. The structure of the central body agrees with its accepted role as either a major association center, or as the source of complex programmed behavior. Advisors/Committee Members: Bayne, Christopher J. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Spiders

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hill, D. E. (1975). The structure of the central nervous system of jumping spiders of the genus Phidippus (Araneae:Salticidae). (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/44510

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hill, David Edwin. “The structure of the central nervous system of jumping spiders of the genus Phidippus (Araneae:Salticidae).” 1975. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/44510.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hill, David Edwin. “The structure of the central nervous system of jumping spiders of the genus Phidippus (Araneae:Salticidae).” 1975. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Hill DE. The structure of the central nervous system of jumping spiders of the genus Phidippus (Araneae:Salticidae). [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 1975. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/44510.

Council of Science Editors:

Hill DE. The structure of the central nervous system of jumping spiders of the genus Phidippus (Araneae:Salticidae). [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 1975. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/44510

Michigan State University

2. Olive, Cader Wesley. Foraging specializations in orb-weaving spider.

Degree: PhD, Department of Zoology, 1979, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:42179

Subjects/Keywords: Spiders

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APA (6^th Edition):

Olive, C. W. (1979). Foraging specializations in orb-weaving spider. (Doctoral Dissertation). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:42179

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Olive, Cader Wesley. “Foraging specializations in orb-weaving spider.” 1979. Doctoral Dissertation, Michigan State University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:42179.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Olive, Cader Wesley. “Foraging specializations in orb-weaving spider.” 1979. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Olive CW. Foraging specializations in orb-weaving spider. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Michigan State University; 1979. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:42179.

Council of Science Editors:

Olive CW. Foraging specializations in orb-weaving spider. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Michigan State University; 1979. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:42179

Michigan State University

3. Vail, Harry David, 1943-. Spiders associated with dwellings in Michigan with special emphasis on the predatory behavior of Chiricanthium inclusum Hentz (araneae: clubionidae).

Degree: PhD, Department of Zoology, 1974, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:5922

Subjects/Keywords: Spiders

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APA (6^th Edition):

Vail, Harry David, 1. (1974). Spiders associated with dwellings in Michigan with special emphasis on the predatory behavior of Chiricanthium inclusum Hentz (araneae: clubionidae). (Doctoral Dissertation). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:5922

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Vail, Harry David, 1943-. “Spiders associated with dwellings in Michigan with special emphasis on the predatory behavior of Chiricanthium inclusum Hentz (araneae: clubionidae).” 1974. Doctoral Dissertation, Michigan State University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:5922.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Vail, Harry David, 1943-. “Spiders associated with dwellings in Michigan with special emphasis on the predatory behavior of Chiricanthium inclusum Hentz (araneae: clubionidae).” 1974. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Vail, Harry David 1. Spiders associated with dwellings in Michigan with special emphasis on the predatory behavior of Chiricanthium inclusum Hentz (araneae: clubionidae). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Michigan State University; 1974. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:5922.

Council of Science Editors:

Vail, Harry David 1. Spiders associated with dwellings in Michigan with special emphasis on the predatory behavior of Chiricanthium inclusum Hentz (araneae: clubionidae). [Doctoral Dissertation]. Michigan State University; 1974. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:5922

Michigan State University

4. Drew, Leslie Clinton. The spider fauna of Baker Woodlot and vicinity, Michigan State University, including life histories.

Degree: MS, 1957, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:7347

Subjects/Keywords: Spiders

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APA (6^th Edition):

Drew, L. C. (1957). The spider fauna of Baker Woodlot and vicinity, Michigan State University, including life histories. (Masters Thesis). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:7347

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Drew, Leslie Clinton. “The spider fauna of Baker Woodlot and vicinity, Michigan State University, including life histories.” 1957. Masters Thesis, Michigan State University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:7347.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Drew, Leslie Clinton. “The spider fauna of Baker Woodlot and vicinity, Michigan State University, including life histories.” 1957. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Drew LC. The spider fauna of Baker Woodlot and vicinity, Michigan State University, including life histories. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Michigan State University; 1957. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:7347.

Council of Science Editors:

Drew LC. The spider fauna of Baker Woodlot and vicinity, Michigan State University, including life histories. [Masters Thesis]. Michigan State University; 1957. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:7347

Michigan State University

5. Sherman, Robert G. The origin of the heartbeat in the spider Geolycosa missouriensis.

Degree: MS, Dept. of Zoology, 1967, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:11494

Subjects/Keywords: Spiders

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sherman, R. G. (1967). The origin of the heartbeat in the spider Geolycosa missouriensis. (Masters Thesis). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:11494

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sherman, Robert G. “The origin of the heartbeat in the spider Geolycosa missouriensis.” 1967. Masters Thesis, Michigan State University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:11494.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sherman, Robert G. “The origin of the heartbeat in the spider Geolycosa missouriensis.” 1967. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Sherman RG. The origin of the heartbeat in the spider Geolycosa missouriensis. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Michigan State University; 1967. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:11494.

Council of Science Editors:

Sherman RG. The origin of the heartbeat in the spider Geolycosa missouriensis. [Masters Thesis]. Michigan State University; 1967. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:11494

6. Anderson, Alissa G. Color change and ecology in female Misumenoides formosipes crab spiders.

Degree: Thesis (M.S.), 2013, Ball State University

URL: http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/197143

► Female Misumenoides formosipes crab spiders, unlike their highly mobile, short-lived male counterparts, are relatively sedentary predators that forage long after the males have died off.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Crab spiders – Ecology; Crab spiders – Color

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APA (6^th Edition):

Anderson, A. G. (2013). Color change and ecology in female Misumenoides formosipes crab spiders. (Masters Thesis). Ball State University. Retrieved from http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/197143

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Anderson, Alissa G. “Color change and ecology in female Misumenoides formosipes crab spiders.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Ball State University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/197143.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Anderson, Alissa G. “Color change and ecology in female Misumenoides formosipes crab spiders.” 2013. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Anderson AG. Color change and ecology in female Misumenoides formosipes crab spiders. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Ball State University; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/197143.

Council of Science Editors:

Anderson AG. Color change and ecology in female Misumenoides formosipes crab spiders. [Masters Thesis]. Ball State University; 2013. Available from: http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/197143

University of Montana

7. Ricards, David Raynor. An investigation of the ecology of the wolf spider Pardosa groenlandica th. (Araneae Lycosidae).

Degree: MA, 1967, University of Montana

URL: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/6730

Subjects/Keywords: Wolf spiders.; Spiders.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ricards, D. R. (1967). An investigation of the ecology of the wolf spider Pardosa groenlandica th. (Araneae Lycosidae). (Masters Thesis). University of Montana. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/6730

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ricards, David Raynor. “An investigation of the ecology of the wolf spider Pardosa groenlandica th. (Araneae Lycosidae).” 1967. Masters Thesis, University of Montana. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/6730.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ricards, David Raynor. “An investigation of the ecology of the wolf spider Pardosa groenlandica th. (Araneae Lycosidae).” 1967. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Ricards DR. An investigation of the ecology of the wolf spider Pardosa groenlandica th. (Araneae Lycosidae). [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Montana; 1967. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/6730.

Council of Science Editors:

Ricards DR. An investigation of the ecology of the wolf spider Pardosa groenlandica th. (Araneae Lycosidae). [Masters Thesis]. University of Montana; 1967. Available from: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/6730

Cornell University

8. Cardillo, Marissa. Developmental Differences Between Social And Solitary Spiders: Why Do Social But Not Solitary Huntsman Spiders Have An Extra Non-Feeding Instar?.

Degree: M.S., Entomology, Entomology, 2015, Cornell University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/40978

► The physiological bases for major ontogenetic differences in developmental patterns of closely related social and solitary huntsman spiders (Sparassidae: Deleninae) were explored in two social… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Spiders; Metabolism; Development

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cardillo, M. (2015). Developmental Differences Between Social And Solitary Spiders: Why Do Social But Not Solitary Huntsman Spiders Have An Extra Non-Feeding Instar?. (Masters Thesis). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/40978

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cardillo, Marissa. “Developmental Differences Between Social And Solitary Spiders: Why Do Social But Not Solitary Huntsman Spiders Have An Extra Non-Feeding Instar?.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Cornell University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1813/40978.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cardillo, Marissa. “Developmental Differences Between Social And Solitary Spiders: Why Do Social But Not Solitary Huntsman Spiders Have An Extra Non-Feeding Instar?.” 2015. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Cardillo M. Developmental Differences Between Social And Solitary Spiders: Why Do Social But Not Solitary Huntsman Spiders Have An Extra Non-Feeding Instar?. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Cornell University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/40978.

Council of Science Editors:

Cardillo M. Developmental Differences Between Social And Solitary Spiders: Why Do Social But Not Solitary Huntsman Spiders Have An Extra Non-Feeding Instar?. [Masters Thesis]. Cornell University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/40978

Victoria University of Wellington

9. Sirvid, Phil J. The taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of the New Zealand Thomisidae (Arachnida: Araneae).

Degree: 2014, Victoria University of Wellington

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/8711

► The New Zealand Thomisidae (crab spiders) are represented in New Zealand by two subfamilies (Stephanopinae and Thomisinae) and were used as a model group to… (more)

▼ The New Zealand Thomisidae (crab spiders) are represented in New Zealand by two subfamilies (Stephanopinae and Thomisinae) and were used as a model group to test two competing theories on the origins of the New Zealand spider fauna. The New Zealand thomisids are also given their first full taxonomic revision. The two origin models essentially represent species radiations following recent dispersal or ancient vicariance events. Modern distribution data suggested that the stephanopines are poor dispersers and may provide evidence demonstrating a long period of separation from Australia; while in contrast, thomisines are known to be excellent dispersers. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses of cytochrome c suboxidase subunit I (COI), 28S ribosomal RNA (28S), histone H3 (H3), NADH dehyrogenase 1 (ND1) data and a combined genetic dataset was undertaken. Results indicate New Zealand stephanopines and thomisines form distinct endemic groups separate from sampled Australian species and appear to have separated from them around 5-6 million years ago. Additionally, genetic data from this study showed i) colour variations are not indicative of cryptic species; ii) previously described species are genetically distinct; iii) several suspected new species are also genetically distinct; iv) the relatively recent establishment of two Australian stephanopines and the occurrence of similar COI haplotypes in disjunct locations suggest that the dispersal ability of stephanopines is greater than previously thought and that radiation following colonization from Australia is a plausible explanation for the current diversity of the New Zealand thomisid biota. The taxonomic revision raises the number of described species from eight to eleven based on a combination of morphological and genetic data. In the stephanopines, Bryantymella Gen. nov. is erected to contain the type species Bryantymella angularis (Urquhart, 1885) comb. nov. as well as B. angulata (Urquhart, 1885) comb. nov., B. thorini sp. nov. and B. brevirostris sp. nov. Two Australian species, Sidymella longipes (Koch, 1874) and S. trapezia (Koch, 1874), are also recorded for New Zealand. Sidymella benhami (Hogg, 1910) is considered to be a junior synonym of Bryantymella angulata (Urquhart, 1885). In the thomisines, all species are now included in the previously monotypic genus Cymbachina Bryant, 1933. The genus now encompasses the type species C. albobrunnea (Urquhart, 1893), C. ambara (Urquhart, 1885) comb. nov., C. albolimbata (L. Koch, 1893) comb. nov., C. sphaeroides (Urquhart, 1885) comb. nov. and D. urquharti sp. nov. Synema suteri Dahl, 1907 is regarded as a junior synonym of C. ambara (L. Koch 1893). All previously described species are redescribed to a modern standard and sexes for some species are described for the first time. Three new species are described. Photographs of adults and diagnostic genitalic characters are included, as are diagnostic keys and updated synonymic, geographic and biological information. Overall, this study indicates that New Zealand… Advisors/Committee Members: Lester, Phil, Chambers, Geoff.

Subjects/Keywords: Spiders; Taxonomy; Phylogenetics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sirvid, P. J. (2014). The taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of the New Zealand Thomisidae (Arachnida: Araneae). (Doctoral Dissertation). Victoria University of Wellington. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10063/8711

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sirvid, Phil J. “The taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of the New Zealand Thomisidae (Arachnida: Araneae).” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Victoria University of Wellington. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/8711.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sirvid, Phil J. “The taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of the New Zealand Thomisidae (Arachnida: Araneae).” 2014. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Sirvid PJ. The taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of the New Zealand Thomisidae (Arachnida: Araneae). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/8711.

Council of Science Editors:

Sirvid PJ. The taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of the New Zealand Thomisidae (Arachnida: Araneae). [Doctoral Dissertation]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/8711

Macquarie University

10. Peckmezian, Tina. Jumping spiders as a model system for comparative visual cognition.

Degree: 2016, Macquarie University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1161200

►

Thesis by publication.

1. Introduction – 2. Electric shock for aversion training of jumping spiders: towards an arachnid model of avoidance learning – 3. Factors… (more)

▼

Thesis by publication.

1. Introduction – 2. Electric shock for aversion training of jumping spiders: towards an arachnid model of avoidance learning – 3. Factors influencing place avoidance learning and memory in a jumping spider – 4. Jumping spiders ignore predictive visual information in an active avoidance conditioning task – 5. A virtual reality paradigm for the study of visually mediated behaviour and cognition in spiders – 6. Visual working memory in jumping spiders: an expectancy violation paradigm in virtual reality – 7. General discussion – Appendices.

Uncertainty is a common feature of the natural world. Associative learning, which enables animals to form predictive relationships between contingent events, reduces uncertainty and equips animals to respond adaptively. Associative learning is widespread across the animal kingdom, and has been particularly well characterized in a few key invertebrate model taxa. Invertebrates exhibit a broad repertoire of associative learning abilities, have significant molecular overlap with vertebrate systems, and are considerably more amenable to analyses at cellular and behavioural levels. Jumping spiders (Salticidae) - and arachnids as a whole - have been underrepresented in the comparative cognition literature but possess many traits that make them suitable and interesting models. The principle aim of this thesis was to begin to bridge the gap between spiders and traditional invertebrate model taxa. To do so, I developed methods that permitted rigorous and repeatable analysis of cognitive processes, and assessed how salticids integrate different sources of information during learning and meVmory. My research focuses on an Australian salticid, Servaea incana, but the methods and principles developed here should be relevant to other cursorial arachnids or invertebrates in which vision is well developed. I develop a novel method to produce electric shock platforms that is precise, easy to use, and highly repeatable, and isolate the changes in mobility and behaviour that are dependent on shock. Additionally, to overcome the constraints of commonly used playback methods, I develop an immersive, closed-loop virtual reality system tailored for studies of salticid cognition. Using passive and active avoidance conditioning assays coupled with the aversive electric shock stimulus, and a change detection paradigm in virtual reality, I characterize the critical determinants of learning and memory in salticids. These experiments reveal that the ecological relevance, or ‘salience’ of available visual cues, together with hunger level and the temporal nature of the training protocol, play a significant role in determining performance. At the same time, when spiders are provided with a number of cues predicting an aversive event, they learn an operant escape response while ignoring reliable visual information. These results are very surprising given the extent to which vision is known to mediate behaviour and decision making in jumping spiders.

1 online…

Advisors/Committee Members: Macquarie University. Department of Biological Sciences.

Subjects/Keywords: Jumping spiders – Research; Jumping spiders – Behavior; Spiders – Behavior; Salticidae; associative learning in spiders; cognition in spiders; memory; attention

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APA (6^th Edition):

Peckmezian, T. (2016). Jumping spiders as a model system for comparative visual cognition. (Doctoral Dissertation). Macquarie University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1161200

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Peckmezian, Tina. “Jumping spiders as a model system for comparative visual cognition.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Macquarie University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1161200.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Peckmezian, Tina. “Jumping spiders as a model system for comparative visual cognition.” 2016. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Peckmezian T. Jumping spiders as a model system for comparative visual cognition. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Macquarie University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1161200.

Council of Science Editors:

Peckmezian T. Jumping spiders as a model system for comparative visual cognition. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Macquarie University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1161200

Macquarie University

11. McGinley, Rowan H. Fighting strategies and mechanisms behind contest resolution in the jumping spider Servaea incana.

Degree: 2015, Macquarie University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1137732

►

Thesis by publication.

"This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy".

1. General introduction – 2. Natural history and display behaviour of… (more)

▼

Thesis by publication.

"This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy".

1. General introduction – 2. Natural history and display behaviour of Servaea incana, a common and widespread Australian jumping spider (Araneae, Salticidae) – 3. Seasonal variation in sexual opportunities of Servaea incana jumping spiders – 4. Assessment strategies and decision-making in male-male contests of Servaea incana jumping spiders – 5. Video playback experiments support a role for visual assessment of opponent size in male-male contests of Servaea incana jumping spiders – 6. Hunger influences behaviour but not outcome in male-male contests of Servaea incana jumping spiders – 7. Whole-organism performance in a jumping spider, Servaea incana (Araneae: Salticidae): links with morphology and between performance traits – 8. General discussion – Appendices.

Contests over limited resources are commonplace and widespread across animal taxa. Rather than unconstrained fighting, animals are expected to adopt strategies designed to reduce contest costs. One such strategy is mutual assessment, where each rival performs ritualised signals of fighting ability or resource holding potential (RHP), allowing animals to economically determine which is weaker. However, as assessment itself may also be costly or difficult, an alternative strategy to limit the costs associated with contests may be for rivals to persist until they reach an internal cost-threshold. Each strategy allows for determination of the winner while limiting the costs of fighting. Jumping spiders, with their excellent vision, elaborate displays and dangerous weapons present excellent models for the study of decision making in animal contests. In this thesis I describe the biolgy of the jumping spider Servaea incana and examine the decision rules used in the male-male contests. Size is a strong predictor of contest outcome and also of whole-organism performance capacity. Correlations between size and levels of contest escalation suggest that smaller spiders are less willing to escalate, regardless of opponent size, and this suggests use of internal thresholds rather than mutual assessment. Video playback experiments reveal that visual assessment of opponent size may influence the decision to display towards or approach an opponent. Hunger may also influence contest behaviour; hungry spiders are more likely to attack conspecifics and may be more likely to engage in contests. The potential for injury, or even death, may explain the unwillingness of small spiders to engage in escalated contests.

1 online resource (vii, 238 pages) colour illustrations

Advisors/Committee Members: Macquarie University. Department of Biological Sciences.

Subjects/Keywords: Spiders – Australia – Behaviour; Jumping spiders – Australia; Jumping spiders – Behavior; contests; salticidae; mutual assessment; self-assessment

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APA (6^th Edition):

McGinley, R. H. (2015). Fighting strategies and mechanisms behind contest resolution in the jumping spider Servaea incana. (Doctoral Dissertation). Macquarie University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1137732

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

McGinley, Rowan H. “Fighting strategies and mechanisms behind contest resolution in the jumping spider Servaea incana.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Macquarie University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1137732.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

McGinley, Rowan H. “Fighting strategies and mechanisms behind contest resolution in the jumping spider Servaea incana.” 2015. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

McGinley RH. Fighting strategies and mechanisms behind contest resolution in the jumping spider Servaea incana. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Macquarie University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1137732.

Council of Science Editors:

McGinley RH. Fighting strategies and mechanisms behind contest resolution in the jumping spider Servaea incana. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Macquarie University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1137732

Portland State University

12. Brandt, Erin. Externally-Expressed Fluorescence across Sexes, Life Stages, and Species of Spiders.

Degree: MS(M.S.) in Biology, Biology, 2012, Portland State University

URL: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/893

► Although all spiders possess fluorophores in their hemolymph, the expression of external fluorescence is much more restricted. The purpose of this study was to… (more)

▼ Although all spiders possess fluorophores in their hemolymph, the expression of external fluorescence is much more restricted. The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in externally-expressed fluorescence between sexes, life stages, and species of spiders. To approach this question, we developed novel instrumentation to capture fluorescence with photographs of our specimens. We paired these fluorescence measurements with spectrometer measurements to attempt to determine the role that fluorescence plays in the overall coloration in spiders. The study was divided into four sections. First, we examined how fluorescence varies in sexes and life stages in Misumena vatia, an ambush predator that typically preys on insects when they are on flowers. We found that adult females possess brighter external fluorescence than males in all body areas that we measured. We also found that external fluorescence remains relatively similar through life stages in females, but darkens over the course of a male's life. It is likely that the differences between males and females relate to differences in feeding ecology. External fluorescence may contribute to a visual signal allowing females to visually blend in with flowers. The second study involved a series of experiments to determine whether freezing spiders at a temperature of -80°C affects their fluorescence intensity. In spiders considered “white thomisids”, fluorescence intensity increased after freezing, whereas fluorescence brightness in darker-pigmented spiders did not change to any similar extent. It seems likely that tissue trauma due to freezing is the cause of increased fluorescence intensity after freezing. The third study examined fluorescence brightness across ages and life stages of Araneus diadematus, a spider which is exposed to the sun, but builds large webs in which to snare prey. We found that, unlike M. vatia, adult males are the more brightly fluorescent sex, with adult females and all immature life stages possessing significantly less bright external fluorescence. It is unclear why these differences exist, but differences in ecology between adult males and all other life stages could play a role. Additionally, dim fluorescence may contribute to subtle patterning and/or convey photoprotection benefits to immatures and adult females. In the final study, we examined external fluorescence across the Thomisidae family. Because of a relatively large number of species with a small sample size, we divided them into “white” and “dark” thomisids based on taxonomy and what is known about ecology. The white thomisids tend to be prey on insects on the exposed surfaces of flowers, whereas dark thomisids more often reside in leaf litter and crevices. We found that white thomisids fluoresce more brightly than dark thomisids. There were no differences between the sexes in either group, however. The differences between white and dark thomisids may be related to differences in feeding ecology, whereas males and females of the same group tend to have similar… Advisors/Committee Members: Susan Masta.

Subjects/Keywords: Spiders – Fluorescence; Spiders – Ecophysiology; Spiders – Physiology; Biology; Entomology; Other Animal Sciences; Zoology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Brandt, E. (2012). Externally-Expressed Fluorescence across Sexes, Life Stages, and Species of Spiders. (Masters Thesis). Portland State University. Retrieved from https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/893

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Brandt, Erin. “Externally-Expressed Fluorescence across Sexes, Life Stages, and Species of Spiders.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Portland State University. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/893.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Brandt, Erin. “Externally-Expressed Fluorescence across Sexes, Life Stages, and Species of Spiders.” 2012. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Brandt E. Externally-Expressed Fluorescence across Sexes, Life Stages, and Species of Spiders. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Portland State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/893.

Council of Science Editors:

Brandt E. Externally-Expressed Fluorescence across Sexes, Life Stages, and Species of Spiders. [Masters Thesis]. Portland State University; 2012. Available from: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/893

Oregon State University

13. Tachella, Ramsey. Design and Development of a Salticid Inspired Jumping Robot.

Degree: MS, Robotics, 2016, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/59358

► The ability to jump allows small robots to traverse rough terrain, clear large obstacles, and quickly reach elevated locations. These abilities have applications in a… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Robotics; Jumping spiders – Jumping

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tachella, R. (2016). Design and Development of a Salticid Inspired Jumping Robot. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/59358

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tachella, Ramsey. “Design and Development of a Salticid Inspired Jumping Robot.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/59358.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tachella, Ramsey. “Design and Development of a Salticid Inspired Jumping Robot.” 2016. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Tachella R. Design and Development of a Salticid Inspired Jumping Robot. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/59358.

Council of Science Editors:

Tachella R. Design and Development of a Salticid Inspired Jumping Robot. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/59358

Cornell University

14. Shamble, Paul. Eight Legs And A Brain: Locomotor Mimicry Of Ants And Neuroethology Of Jumping Spiders.

Degree: PhD, Behavioral Biology, 2015, Cornell University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/41002

► This thesis explores the ecology, behavior, and sensory neurobiology of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). The first section (Chapters 1 and 2) investigates antmimicry by the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Jumping spiders; Ant-mimicry; Neuroethology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Shamble, P. (2015). Eight Legs And A Brain: Locomotor Mimicry Of Ants And Neuroethology Of Jumping Spiders. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/41002

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Shamble, Paul. “Eight Legs And A Brain: Locomotor Mimicry Of Ants And Neuroethology Of Jumping Spiders.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Cornell University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1813/41002.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Shamble, Paul. “Eight Legs And A Brain: Locomotor Mimicry Of Ants And Neuroethology Of Jumping Spiders.” 2015. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Shamble P. Eight Legs And A Brain: Locomotor Mimicry Of Ants And Neuroethology Of Jumping Spiders. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cornell University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/41002.

Council of Science Editors:

Shamble P. Eight Legs And A Brain: Locomotor Mimicry Of Ants And Neuroethology Of Jumping Spiders. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cornell University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/41002

University of Tasmania

15. Gilroy, LJ. The feasibility of using computer-based treatment for specific phobia ; A controlled comparison of computer-based vicarious exposure versus live exposure in the treatment of spider phobia.

Degree: 1999, University of Tasmania

URL: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/19698/1/whole_GilroyLisa1999_thesis.pdf

► Literature review An important goal in clinical psychology is the development of safe, cost effective, widely available treatment strategies. This review targets a particular problem,… (more)

▼ Literature review An important goal in clinical psychology is the development of safe, cost effective, widely available treatment strategies. This review targets a particular problem, specific phobia, as a reference point in exploring the feasibility of using computers in delivering behavioural treatment for anxiety disorders. This review summaries conventional treatment methods, and evaluates their efficacy and availability. It addresses the advantages as well as the ethical and technical limitations of the use of computers in delivering psychological treatments and reviews current developments and outcome studies. It is concluded that although computer-based treatments are still in their infancy, significant advances have been made in establishing such strategies as an effective, safe and efficient treatment for phobias. Further research to establish computer-based behavioural treatment as a comparable alternative to therapist-directed live exposure for phobias, will allow the efficacy of computer-based treatment to be accurately weighed against the ethical issues. Empirical study The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of a computer-based vicarious exposure treatment for spider phobia compared to the standard treatment, therapist-directed live exposure. A total of 45 participants diagnosed with specific phobia (spiders) were included in the study following assessment. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions: computer-based treatment, therapist-directed live exposure treatment or a relaxation placebo treatment. Each treatment group received three 45 minute sessions. Phobic symptomatology was measured at pre treatment and post treatment and at a three month follow-up by the Spider Questionnaire, Fear Questionnaire, Phobic Targets and Work Adjustment Scale and a Behavioural Assessment Test. The results showed that the computer-based treatment was an effective treatment for spider phobia and comparable to therapist-directed live exposure, in producing a significant improvement on all relevant measures of phobic symptomatology. Both the computer-based and live exposure treatments were more effective than the relaxation placebo treatment. The computer-based treatment required substantially less therapist time than that of the live exposure treatment and was rated by participants as a helpful and acceptable treatment. These finding warrant the further development of the computer-based techniques in treating phobic disorders.

Subjects/Keywords: Spiders; Phobias

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gilroy, L. (1999). The feasibility of using computer-based treatment for specific phobia ; A controlled comparison of computer-based vicarious exposure versus live exposure in the treatment of spider phobia. (Thesis). University of Tasmania. Retrieved from https://eprints.utas.edu.au/19698/1/whole_GilroyLisa1999_thesis.pdf

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gilroy, LJ. “The feasibility of using computer-based treatment for specific phobia ; A controlled comparison of computer-based vicarious exposure versus live exposure in the treatment of spider phobia.” 1999. Thesis, University of Tasmania. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/19698/1/whole_GilroyLisa1999_thesis.pdf.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gilroy, LJ. “The feasibility of using computer-based treatment for specific phobia ; A controlled comparison of computer-based vicarious exposure versus live exposure in the treatment of spider phobia.” 1999. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Gilroy L. The feasibility of using computer-based treatment for specific phobia ; A controlled comparison of computer-based vicarious exposure versus live exposure in the treatment of spider phobia. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Tasmania; 1999. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/19698/1/whole_GilroyLisa1999_thesis.pdf.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Gilroy L. The feasibility of using computer-based treatment for specific phobia ; A controlled comparison of computer-based vicarious exposure versus live exposure in the treatment of spider phobia. [Thesis]. University of Tasmania; 1999. Available from: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/19698/1/whole_GilroyLisa1999_thesis.pdf

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Hawaii

16. Suman, Theodore William. Spiders of the family Thomisidae in Hawaii.

Degree: PhD, 2009, University of Hawaii

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/11444

Typescript.

Bibliography: leaves [183]-186.

xi, 262 l illus., maps, tables

Subjects/Keywords: Crab spiders

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APA (6^th Edition):

Suman, T. W. (2009). Spiders of the family Thomisidae in Hawaii. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Hawaii. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10125/11444

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Suman, Theodore William. “Spiders of the family Thomisidae in Hawaii.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Hawaii. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/11444.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Suman, Theodore William. “Spiders of the family Thomisidae in Hawaii.” 2009. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Suman TW. Spiders of the family Thomisidae in Hawaii. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Hawaii; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/11444.

Council of Science Editors:

Suman TW. Spiders of the family Thomisidae in Hawaii. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Hawaii; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/11444

17. Venus Saksongmuang. Population Dynamics and Prey Composition of Tetragnatha Spider in Semi-Organic Rice Field of Ranot Distritc, Songkhla Province, Southern Thailand .

Degree: คณะวิทยาศาสตร์ ภาควิชาชีววิทยา, 2018, Prince of Songkla University

URL: http://kb.psu.ac.th/psukb/handle/2016/12693

Subjects/Keywords: Spiders Ecology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Saksongmuang, V. (2018). Population Dynamics and Prey Composition of Tetragnatha Spider in Semi-Organic Rice Field of Ranot Distritc, Songkhla Province, Southern Thailand . (Thesis). Prince of Songkla University. Retrieved from http://kb.psu.ac.th/psukb/handle/2016/12693

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Saksongmuang, Venus. “Population Dynamics and Prey Composition of Tetragnatha Spider in Semi-Organic Rice Field of Ranot Distritc, Songkhla Province, Southern Thailand .” 2018. Thesis, Prince of Songkla University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://kb.psu.ac.th/psukb/handle/2016/12693.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Saksongmuang, Venus. “Population Dynamics and Prey Composition of Tetragnatha Spider in Semi-Organic Rice Field of Ranot Distritc, Songkhla Province, Southern Thailand .” 2018. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Saksongmuang V. Population Dynamics and Prey Composition of Tetragnatha Spider in Semi-Organic Rice Field of Ranot Distritc, Songkhla Province, Southern Thailand . [Internet] [Thesis]. Prince of Songkla University; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://kb.psu.ac.th/psukb/handle/2016/12693.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Saksongmuang V. Population Dynamics and Prey Composition of Tetragnatha Spider in Semi-Organic Rice Field of Ranot Distritc, Songkhla Province, Southern Thailand . [Thesis]. Prince of Songkla University; 2018. Available from: http://kb.psu.ac.th/psukb/handle/2016/12693

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

The Ohio State University

18. Tripp, John Rathbone. The descriptive embryogeny and post-embryogeny of the mygalomorph spider, Antrodiaetus unicolor.

Degree: PhD, Graduate School, 1970, The Ohio State University

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486659302581197

Subjects/Keywords: Biology; Spiders

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tripp, J. R. (1970). The descriptive embryogeny and post-embryogeny of the mygalomorph spider, Antrodiaetus unicolor. (Doctoral Dissertation). The Ohio State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486659302581197

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tripp, John Rathbone. “The descriptive embryogeny and post-embryogeny of the mygalomorph spider, Antrodiaetus unicolor.” 1970. Doctoral Dissertation, The Ohio State University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486659302581197.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tripp, John Rathbone. “The descriptive embryogeny and post-embryogeny of the mygalomorph spider, Antrodiaetus unicolor.” 1970. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Tripp JR. The descriptive embryogeny and post-embryogeny of the mygalomorph spider, Antrodiaetus unicolor. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 1970. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486659302581197.

Council of Science Editors:

Tripp JR. The descriptive embryogeny and post-embryogeny of the mygalomorph spider, Antrodiaetus unicolor. [Doctoral Dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 1970. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486659302581197

Michigan State University

19. Klee, George Edwin, 1944-. Studies on seasonal abundance and ecology of Michigan Opiliones.

Degree: MS, Dept. of Entomology, 1968, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:11588

Subjects/Keywords: Opiliones; Spiders

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APA (6^th Edition):

Klee, George Edwin, 1. (1968). Studies on seasonal abundance and ecology of Michigan Opiliones. (Masters Thesis). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:11588

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Klee, George Edwin, 1944-. “Studies on seasonal abundance and ecology of Michigan Opiliones.” 1968. Masters Thesis, Michigan State University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:11588.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Klee, George Edwin, 1944-. “Studies on seasonal abundance and ecology of Michigan Opiliones.” 1968. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Klee, George Edwin 1. Studies on seasonal abundance and ecology of Michigan Opiliones. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Michigan State University; 1968. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:11588.

Council of Science Editors:

Klee, George Edwin 1. Studies on seasonal abundance and ecology of Michigan Opiliones. [Masters Thesis]. Michigan State University; 1968. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:11588

University of Technology, Sydney

20. Chong, Y. Characterisation of novel insecticidal ion channel toxins from araneomorph and mygalomorph spider venoms.

Degree: 2011, University of Technology, Sydney

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10453/23403

► The high potency and selectivity of various peptide neurotoxins within spider venoms means these toxins are being considered as leads for the development of new… (more)

▼ The high potency and selectivity of various peptide neurotoxins within spider venoms means these toxins are being considered as leads for the development of new environmentally-benign biopesticides that target pest insects. Currently, the ω-HXTX family of 37-residue arthropod-selective peptide neurotoxins from Australian hexathelid spider venoms are considered a prime candidate for biopesticide development. ω-HXTX-Hv1a, a prototypic member of the ω-HXTX-1 family, was electrophysiologically characterised by voltage-clamp analysis using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique on cockroach dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurons. ω-HXTX-Hv1a exerted a reversible, concentration-dependent, voltage-independent block of barium currents (/Ba) through mid-low voltage-activated (M-LVA) and high voltage-activated (HVA) voltage-activated calcium (Caᵥ) channels without alteration in the activation or inactivation kinetics of the Caᵥ channel. To improve the structural stability of this disulfide-rich peptide under biologically reducing conditions, and thereby increase its commercial viability, a synthetic ω-HXTX-Hv1a mutant was produced with the replacement of one disulfide bond with a Sec1,4 diselenide bridge. The selenocysteine mutant had comparable oral activity to the native toxin in blowflies and there was no significant difference between the native and diselenide toxin in terms of block of M-LVA and HVA Caᵥ channels. This demonstrated that selenocysteine substitution had the potential to improve peptide stability without altering the biological activity of the toxin. There is a continuous need to identify novel insecticidal peptide toxins for biopesticide development. By screening the venom of mygalomorph Sydney funnel-web (Atrax robustus) and Eastern mouse (Missulena bradleyi) spiders; two novel insect-selective peptide neurotoxins were isolated: ω-HXTX-Ar1a from A. robustus is a homolog of ω-HXTX-Hv1a, and ω-AOTX-Mb1a from M. bradleyi has up to 59% homology with the ω-HXTX family. In acute toxicity tests in house crickets, these neurotoxins induced potent neuroexcitatory symptoms followed by paralysis and death. Vertebrate nerve-muscle preparations showed that the toxins lacked overt vertebrate toxicity at concentrations up to 1 μM. To further characterise the molecular target of ω-HXTX-Ar1a and ω-AOTX-Mb1a on insects, whole-cell patch-clamp experiments were undertaken on cockroach DUM neurons. ω-HXTX-Ar1a induced a reversible, and the ω-AOTX-Mb1a an irreversible, block of both M-LVA and HVA Caᵥ channels. The level of block was concentration-dependent and occurred in the absence of alterations in the voltage-dependence of Caᵥ channel activation. The block was voltage-independent, suggesting that these toxins are Caᵥ channel pore blockers rather than channel gating modifiers. Both ω-HXTX-Ar1a and ω-AOTX-Mb1a are promising biopesticide candidates and their activity on M-LVA and HVA Caᵥ channels validates insect Caᵥ channels as a novel molecular target for insecticides. Apart from their insecticidal properties, spider venom…

Subjects/Keywords: Poisonous spiders.; Venom.; Australia.; Funnel-web spiders.; Insecticides.; Biological control.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chong, Y. (2011). Characterisation of novel insecticidal ion channel toxins from araneomorph and mygalomorph spider venoms. (Thesis). University of Technology, Sydney. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10453/23403

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chong, Y. “Characterisation of novel insecticidal ion channel toxins from araneomorph and mygalomorph spider venoms.” 2011. Thesis, University of Technology, Sydney. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10453/23403.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chong, Y. “Characterisation of novel insecticidal ion channel toxins from araneomorph and mygalomorph spider venoms.” 2011. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Chong Y. Characterisation of novel insecticidal ion channel toxins from araneomorph and mygalomorph spider venoms. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Technology, Sydney; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10453/23403.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Chong Y. Characterisation of novel insecticidal ion channel toxins from araneomorph and mygalomorph spider venoms. [Thesis]. University of Technology, Sydney; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10453/23403

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of California – Berkeley

21. Ledford, Joel M. Studies on the Cave- Spider Family Leptonetidae.

Degree: Environmental Science, Policy, & Management, 2011, University of California – Berkeley

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/17t4g7dn

► The spider family Leptonetidae Simon, 1890 includes 17 genera and 213 species worldwide. They are broadly distributed in the Holarctic and typically associated with cool,… (more)

▼ The spider family Leptonetidae Simon, 1890 includes 17 genera and 213 species worldwide. They are broadly distributed in the Holarctic and typically associated with cool, moist habitats such as leaf litter, moss, rotting logs, and caves. The North American fauna is divided into two subfamilies, the Archoleptonetinae and Leptonetinae, with representatives in California through the Southern U.S. and Mexico. Five genera are currently recognized (Platnick, 2010), the most diverse of which is Neoleptoneta Brignoli, 1972 with a center of diversity in Texas where most species are known only from caves (Gertsch, 1974). Their restricted distributions and specialized biology have made them conservation priorities and two Texas species, Neoleptoneta microps (Gertsch, 1974) and N. myopica (Gertsch, 1974), are listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. The impetus for this study was a series of collections produced over the past thirty years which have dramatically increased the number of records for the family, including the discovery of several unknown sexes and new species. Additionally, detailed morphological study using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has revealed a wealth of new characters many of which have implications for relationships within the family and among spiders as a whole. Lastly, fresh collections for several genera in Alabama, California, Mexico, and Texas have facilitated the use of molecular data to develop phylogenetic hypotheses within the family for the first time. The primary objective for the study is to revise the systematics of the North American genera, with particular emphasis on the taxonomy and relationships within the Archoleptonetinae and the Texas cave fauna. The study is divided into three chapters, the results of which are briefly summarized below. In the first chapter, a detailed morphological study of the genus Archoleptoneta revealed the presence of a cribellum an calamistrum representing the first cribellate member of the Leptonetidae. The morphology and relationships for the family are reviewed and the genus Darkoneta is described to include the ecribellate archoleptonetines. Three new species are also described from California, Mexico, and Guatemala. The second chapter uses molecular sequence variation from three genes to produce a phylogeny for the North American Leptonetidae, with emphasis on the relationships of Neoleptoneta Brignoli, 1972. The placement of two incertae sedis species, Leptoneta brunnea (Gertsch, 1974) and Leptoneta sandra (Gertsch, 1974) are also considered and four new genera are described. Morphological data are traced on the molecular phylogeny and patterns of cave evolution are discussed. The third chapter revises the taxonomy of the genus Tayshaneta, including the descriptions of ten new species from Texas. All Tayshaneta species are diagnosed and keyed, and comparative images using scanning electron and compound light microscopy are provided. Relationships among Tayshaneta are also discussed, including detailed descriptions of their morphology. Lastly,…

Subjects/Keywords: Biology; Caves; Endangered Species; Phylogeny; Spiders

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ledford, J. M. (2011). Studies on the Cave- Spider Family Leptonetidae. (Thesis). University of California – Berkeley. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/17t4g7dn

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ledford, Joel M. “Studies on the Cave- Spider Family Leptonetidae.” 2011. Thesis, University of California – Berkeley. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/17t4g7dn.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ledford, Joel M. “Studies on the Cave- Spider Family Leptonetidae.” 2011. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Ledford JM. Studies on the Cave- Spider Family Leptonetidae. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/17t4g7dn.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ledford JM. Studies on the Cave- Spider Family Leptonetidae. [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2011. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/17t4g7dn

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of California – Berkeley

22. Lew, Stephen Ellis. The Holarctic Hacklemesh Spider Genus Callobius (Araneae: Amaurobiidae): Morphology, Systematics, and Population Biology.

Degree: Environmental Science, Policy, & Management, 2011, University of California – Berkeley

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/59s2d2tc

► Interest in the California Floristic Province as a study region for scientists interested in biodiversity, evolution, systematics, and phylogeography has been increasing over the last… (more)

▼ Interest in the California Floristic Province as a study region for scientists interested in biodiversity, evolution, systematics, and phylogeography has been increasing over the last several years. The amaurobiid spider genus Callobius (Chamberlin) occurs throughout the Northern Hemisphere, but is particularly common in western North America and particularly diverse in the California Floristic Province. An understanding of the evolutionary history of Callobius would contribute a great deal to this growing body of work, but the genus has received little attention since being revised in 1972. Since that time, a great deal has changed in the way biodiversity is studied. The Hennigian revolution changed the fundamental framework of systematics, and molecular techniques based on DNA sequences have brought enormous inferential power to bear on questions of systematics and population genetics, as well as almost every other discipline in organismal biology. In my doctoral work I have approached Callobius in the context of phylogenetic systematics and the biogeography of the California Floristic Province. First, I have taken a broad approach to the morphology of Callobius, particularly the morphology of the copulatory organs, as it might apply to cladistic investigations both within Callobius and more broadly among spiders. Second, I have undertaken a phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily Amaurobiinae, to illuminate evolutionary pattern within Callobius as well as between Callobius and other amaurobiine genera. And thirdly, I have used geometric morphometrics and population genetics to look for divergence within the widespread species Callobius severus. I have produced an atlas to the genitalic morphology of Callobius, and propose a morphological diagnosis that is more consistent with principles of homology than those previously in use. I have also found and described the male of Callobius pauculus, previously known only from females. Although my phylogenetic analysis did not resolve the relationships between the amaurobiine genera, it does offer some support for the monophyly of Callobius and identifies a clade of California Floristic Province neoendemic species. My study of Callobius severus supports infra-specific structure, and suggests that the geography of the California Floristic Province is influencing the evolution of Callobius in patterns similar to its influence on other taxa.

Subjects/Keywords: Zoology; Biology; California; Morphology; Morphometrics; Spiders; Systematics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lew, S. E. (2011). The Holarctic Hacklemesh Spider Genus Callobius (Araneae: Amaurobiidae): Morphology, Systematics, and Population Biology. (Thesis). University of California – Berkeley. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/59s2d2tc

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lew, Stephen Ellis. “The Holarctic Hacklemesh Spider Genus Callobius (Araneae: Amaurobiidae): Morphology, Systematics, and Population Biology.” 2011. Thesis, University of California – Berkeley. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/59s2d2tc.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lew, Stephen Ellis. “The Holarctic Hacklemesh Spider Genus Callobius (Araneae: Amaurobiidae): Morphology, Systematics, and Population Biology.” 2011. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Lew SE. The Holarctic Hacklemesh Spider Genus Callobius (Araneae: Amaurobiidae): Morphology, Systematics, and Population Biology. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/59s2d2tc.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Lew SE. The Holarctic Hacklemesh Spider Genus Callobius (Araneae: Amaurobiidae): Morphology, Systematics, and Population Biology. [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2011. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/59s2d2tc

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

23. Ruiz, Gustavo Rodrigo Sanches. Análise cladística de Dendryphantinae (Araneae: Salticidae).

Degree: PhD, Zoologia, 2010, University of São Paulo

URL: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-28092010-133234/ ;

► Análise Cladística de Dendryphantinae (Araneae: Salticidae) Gustavo R.S. Ruiz Resumo Salticidae (jumping spiders) é a família de aranhas mais diversa, contendo 5.245 espécies descritas (Platnick,… (more)

▼ Análise Cladística de Dendryphantinae (Araneae: Salticidae) Gustavo R.S. Ruiz Resumo Salticidae (jumping spiders) é a família de aranhas mais diversa, contendo 5.245 espécies descritas (Platnick, 2010). A família é um dos poucos clados inquestionáveis dentro das aranhas, sendo caracterizada pelo par de olhos medianos anteriores bem desenvolvidos, que lhes permitem visão acurada e propiciam a evolução de comportamentos sexuais e estratégias de predação complexos. Apesar de sua monofilia, não há consenso sobre que grupo de aranhas seria o grupo-irmão dos salticídeos. Entretanto, espera-se que a posição filogenética das famílias do polifilético grupo Dionycha seja determinada em breve através dos estudos moleculares do projeto AToL. Embora pouco seja conhecido sobre as relações na base de Salticidae, trabalhos recentes sobre sua filogenia mostram que mais de 90% das espécies formam um único grande clado, os Salticoida, facilmente reconhecidos morfologicamente pela perda da unha tarsal dos palpos, entre outros caracteres. Dentro dos Salticoida, são reconhecidos atualmente três grandes clados. Um deles inclui os Astioida, as subfamílias Baviinae e Ballinae e os Marpissoida. O clado Marpissoida inclui as subfamílias Dendryphantinae, Marpissinae, Synagelinae e alguns gêneros pouco compreendidos, como Itata Peckham & Peckham. Dentre todos os salticídeos, a subfamília Dendryphantinae é um dos poucos grupos com limites bem estabelecidos, incluindo centenas de espécies com carenas na face retrolateral das quelíceras dos machos e palpos dos machos com êmbolos espirais reduzidos. Em geral, os machos também têm faixas longitudinais nas laterais da carapaça e abdômen, enquanto as fêmeas têm o dorso do abdômen marcado por pares de manchas escuras. As quelíceras e o primeiro par de pernas dos machos também são frequentemente robustos e alongados. Apesar de ser uma das maiores subfamílias de Salticidae, Dendryphantinae apresenta uma grande homogeneidade morfológica ao longo de todos seus subgrupos. A falta de caracteres diagnósticos para seus gêneros causou a descrição de um número indiscriminado de novos gêneros com limites pouco estabelecidos. Devido a isso, a classificação atual da subfamília encontra-se em um nível caótico e precisa ser revisada sob um ponto de vista filogenético. Em 2001, foi conduzida uma análise filogenética para a subfamília, utilizando dados moleculares, para investigar sua filogenia e evolução. A amostragem usada, entretanto, não permitiu muitas conclusões, e a posição de cerca de 30 gêneros de Dendryphantinae não incluídos nessa análise ainda é incerta. Baseando-se em uma filogenia mais inclusiva, problemas sobre a sistemática do grupo poderiam ser resolvidos; grupos naturais de gêneros poderiam ser revisados, permitindo sua simplificação e fácil reconhecimento. Devido à morfologia extremamente conservativa no grupo, dados moleculares são necessários para a reconstrução de sua filogenia. Os principais objetivos deste trabalho foi o seqüenciamento de quatro regiões de DNA (os nucleares 28S e Actina e os… Advisors/Committee Members: Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, Maddison, Wayne Paul.

Subjects/Keywords: Aranhas; Evolução; Evolution; Filogenia; Phylogeny; Spiders

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ruiz, G. R. S. (2010). Análise cladística de Dendryphantinae (Araneae: Salticidae). (Doctoral Dissertation). University of São Paulo. Retrieved from http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-28092010-133234/ ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ruiz, Gustavo Rodrigo Sanches. “Análise cladística de Dendryphantinae (Araneae: Salticidae).” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, University of São Paulo. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-28092010-133234/ ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ruiz, Gustavo Rodrigo Sanches. “Análise cladística de Dendryphantinae (Araneae: Salticidae).” 2010. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Ruiz GRS. Análise cladística de Dendryphantinae (Araneae: Salticidae). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of São Paulo; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-28092010-133234/ ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Ruiz GRS. Análise cladística de Dendryphantinae (Araneae: Salticidae). [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of São Paulo; 2010. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-28092010-133234/ ;

24. Cabra García, Jimmy Jair. Revision and phylogenetic analysis of the spider genus Glenognatha Simon, 1887 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae).

Degree: Mestrado, Zoologia, 2013, University of São Paulo

URL: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-20032014-082237/ ;

►

A taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the spider genus Glenognatha Simon, 1887 is presented. The analysis is based on a data set including 24… (more)

▼

A taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the spider genus Glenognatha Simon, 1887 is presented. The analysis is based on a data set including 24 Glenognatha species plus eight outgroup representatives of three additional tetragnathine genera and one metaine, scored for 82 morphological characters. Eight unambiguous synapomorphies support the monophyly of Glenognatha, all free of homoplasy. Some internal clades within the genus are well-supported and its relationships are discussed. The genus Glenognatha has a broad distribution occupying the Neartic, Neotropic, Afrotropic, Indo-Malaya and Oceania ecozones. As revised here, Glenognatha comprises 27 species, four of them only know from males. New morphological data are provided for the description of thirteen previously described species. Eleven species are newly described: G. sp. nov. 1, G. sp. nov. 3, G. sp. nov. 4 and G. sp. nov. 7 from southeast Brazil, G. sp. nov. 6, G. sp. nov. 9 and G. sp. nov. 10 from the Amazonian region, G. sp. nov. 2, G. sp. nov. 5 and G. sp. nov. 8 from northern Andes and G. sp. nov. 11 from central Mexico and Southern United States. Females of G. minuta Banks, 1898, G. gaujoni Simon, 1895 and G. gloriae (Petrunkevitch, 1930) and males of G. globosa (Petrunkevitch, 1925) and G. hirsutissima (Berland, 1935) are described for the first time. Three new combinations are proposed in congruence with the phylogenetic results: G. argyrostilba (O. P.-Cambridge, 1876), G. dentata (Zhu & Wen, 1978) and G. tangi (Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003), all previously included in Dyschiriognatha. The following taxa are newly synonymized: Dyschiriognatha montana Simon, 1897, Glenognatha mira Bryant, 1945 and Glenognatha maelfaiti Baert, 1987 with Glenognatha argyrostilba (O. P.-Cambridge, 1876) and Glenognatha centralis Chamberlin, 1925 with Glenognatha minuta Banks, 1898. A key to species of Glenognatha and distribution maps are provided.

A revisão taxonômica e análise cladística do gênero Glenognatha Simon, 1887 é apresentada. A análise é baseada em uma matriz que inclui 24 espécies de Glenognatha, oito representantes do grupo externo, incluindo três gêneros da subfamília Tetragnathinae e um de Metainae, e 82 caracteres morfológicos. Oito sinapomorfias não ambíguas sustentam a monofilia de Glenognatha, todas não homoplásticas. Alguns clados internos dentro do gênero são bem suportados e suas relações são discutidas. O gênero Glenognatha apresenta uma ampla distribuição ocupando as regiões Neártica, Neotropical, Afrotropical, Indo-Malaya, Australasia e Oceania. Vinte e sete espécies de Glenognatha são reconhecidas, quatro delas somente conhecidas por machos. Novos dados morfológicos são fornecidos para a descrição de treze espécies previamente conhecidas. Onze espécies novas são descritas: G. sp. nov. 1, G. sp. nov. 3, G. sp. nov. 4 e G. sp. nov. 7 do sudeste do Brasil, G. sp. nov. 6, G. sp. nov. 9 e G. sp. nov. 10 da região Amazônica, G. sp. nov. 2, G. sp. nov. 5 e G. sp. nov. 8 do norte da cordilheira dos Andes e G. sp. nov. 11 da região central do…

Advisors/Committee Members: Brescovit, Antonio Domingos.

Subjects/Keywords: Aranhas; Sistemática; Spiders; Systematics; Taxonomia; Taxonomy

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Cabra García, J. J. (2013). Revision and phylogenetic analysis of the spider genus Glenognatha Simon, 1887 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae). (Masters Thesis). University of São Paulo. Retrieved from http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-20032014-082237/ ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cabra García, Jimmy Jair. “Revision and phylogenetic analysis of the spider genus Glenognatha Simon, 1887 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae).” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of São Paulo. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-20032014-082237/ ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cabra García, Jimmy Jair. “Revision and phylogenetic analysis of the spider genus Glenognatha Simon, 1887 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae).” 2013. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Cabra García JJ. Revision and phylogenetic analysis of the spider genus Glenognatha Simon, 1887 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae). [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-20032014-082237/ ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Cabra García JJ. Revision and phylogenetic analysis of the spider genus Glenognatha Simon, 1887 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae). [Masters Thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2013. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-20032014-082237/ ;

Durban University of Technology

25. Weston, Marion. A group analysis evaluation of the class Arachnida in terms of known materia medica.

Degree: 2010, Durban University of Technology

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10321/575

►

Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Homoeopathy, Durban University of Technology, 2010.

Two centuries ago it was… (more)

▼

Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Homoeopathy, Durban University of Technology, 2010.

Two centuries ago it was possible to practice with only 100 remedies. Today with the constantly expanding materia medica, complexity itself tempts the homeopath to remain inside this range of remedies. It is due to the pioneering work of authors like Scholten (1993) and Sankaran (2005) that the vast materia medica of today can be summarized and understood through a method like group analysis which links naturally related substances via their common symptomatology. This not only offers new aspects to well known remedies, but highlights the smaller, not so well known remedies, resulting in a more comprehensive understanding of the materia medica. Relatively few homeopathic remedies derived from the Araneae order are extensively utilized for the homeopathic treatment of patients. Therefore the spider remedies represented in the literature of Mac Rep computer program® were subjected to the group analysis method in order to extend the overall knowledge of this particular group of homeopathic remedies. The spider remedies were first analyzed in terms of their quantitative representation in the repertory (amount of rubrics) and then a sample group was chosen. This selection was screened for common sensations using the above mentioned computer program. The significance of a common sensation was confirmed by cross-checking the materia medica of all16 homeopathic spider remedies listed in Mac Reference® computer software for its occurrence. The findings were interpreted within the backdrop of the established animal characteristics of homeopathic remedies (Sankaran, 2005:24-31). The primary sensations extracted and confirmed in the rest of the Araneae group were stinging, stitching, shooting, sensitive, sore, cold, faint, paralytic, twitching and full. Significant synonyms of the first order analysis were heaviness, spasm, cramp, numbness and weakness. Second order and third order analysis not only provided symptoms of the mind, but led to the proposed themes common in spider remedies. The majority of themes like hyperactivity, restlessness, increased sexuality, impulsive violence and aggression, the periodicity of complaints, heightened sensitivity to music and the love for dancing are comparable to Mangliavori’s (2004) clinical findings and to Sankaran’s (2005) proposed spider characteristics. A miasmatic differentiation of each member of the sample group was performed according to Sankaran’s extended miasmatic model (2005:7). Araneus diademus was found to belong to the sycotic- as well as malarial miasm, Latrodectus hasseltii to the syphilitic-, Loxoceles reclusa to the leprous- and Tarentula hispanica and Theridion curassavicum to the tubercular miasm. Pathological tendencies of the Araneae remedies were found to involve the nervous system, eyes, heart, muscular – skeletal system, sexual organs and…

Advisors/Committee Members: Ross, Ashley Hilton Adrian.

Subjects/Keywords: Homeopathy; Spiders; Homeopathy – Materia medica and therapeutics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Weston, M. (2010). A group analysis evaluation of the class Arachnida in terms of known materia medica. (Thesis). Durban University of Technology. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10321/575

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Weston, Marion. “A group analysis evaluation of the class Arachnida in terms of known materia medica.” 2010. Thesis, Durban University of Technology. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/575.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Weston, Marion. “A group analysis evaluation of the class Arachnida in terms of known materia medica.” 2010. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Weston M. A group analysis evaluation of the class Arachnida in terms of known materia medica. [Internet] [Thesis]. Durban University of Technology; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10321/575.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Weston M. A group analysis evaluation of the class Arachnida in terms of known materia medica. [Thesis]. Durban University of Technology; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10321/575

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Universidade Estadual de Campinas

26. Peres, Elen Arroyo, 1985-. Filogeografia de duas espécies neotropicais do gênero Araneus (Araneidae) = Phylogeography of two neotropical species of the genus Araneus (Araneidae): Phylogeography of two neotropical species of the genus Araneus (Araneidae).

Degree: 2015, Universidade Estadual de Campinas

URL: http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317341

► Abstract: In this work, we have studied the phylogeographic patterns of two spiders of the genus Araneus (Araneidae) to contribute to the knowledge about the… (more)

▼ Abstract: In this work, we have studied the phylogeographic patterns of two spiders of the genus Araneus (Araneidae) to contribute to the knowledge about the biogeography of the Neotropical region. For both species, we estimated the genetic diversity, the population structure, haplotype networks, phylogenetic inferences and the demographic history using one mitochondrial (Cytochrome Oxidase I, COI) and one nuclear (Internal Transcribed Subunit II, ITS2) marker; and presented the results in two separate manuscripts. In the first, "Pleistocene niche stability and lineage diversification in the subtropical spider Araneus omnicolor", we have tested the influence of the Quaternary climatic oscillations on the demography of A. omnicolor, a species restricted to South American subtropical region. The paleoclimatic modeling indicated that A. omnicolor¿s distribution remained stable during the Late Pleistocene. Besides, the comparison among 14 demographic models through an Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) approach pointed to panmixia with stability as the most probable model, although the other demographic analyses had indicated recent expansion, suggesting a complex scenario for this species. In the second manuscript, "Conexões entre Amazônia e Mata Atlântica reveladas por Araneus venatrix", we have analyzed the patterns of A. venatrix, a species that occurs in humid Neotropical environments (Amazonia, Atlantic Forest and gallery forests located in the dry diagonal between these biomes). We have detected a deep divergence between a clade restricted to Southern Atlantic Forest and the other, distributed in all other Brazilian regions, on Late Miocene. These results suggest that the expansion of Cerrado biome and the consequent split of rainforests are coincident with a progressive cooling and dryness that occurred during the Tertiary, although some degree of connectivity between these biomes had remained until today. The analyses showed that the northern Atlantic Forest populations are genetically more similar to Amazonian populations than to the ones from southern Atlantic Forest, indicating that the processes related to the lineages diversification in these biomes are not completely independent. This work has showed that studies focused on widely distributed taxa contribute with important information regarding the history of Neotropical Rainforests. Both manuscripts suggest intriguing scenarios for South America and reveal the importance of more research with organisms as spiders, which are abundant but scarcely explored in Neotropics. Our results contribute to the general knowledge of the group and also to a better comprehension of the biogeographic history of Neotropical region Advisors/Committee Members: UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS (CRUESP), Solferini, Vera Nisaka, 1957- (advisor), Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Biologia (institution), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular (nameofprogram), Miyaki, Cristina Yumi (committee member), Romero, Gustavo Quevedo (committee member), Batista, Marcos Roberto Dias (committee member), Thomé, Maria Tereza Chiarioni (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Filogeografia; Aranha; Araneus; Phylogeography; Spiders; Araneus

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Peres, Elen Arroyo, 1. (2015). Filogeografia de duas espécies neotropicais do gênero Araneus (Araneidae) = Phylogeography of two neotropical species of the genus Araneus (Araneidae): Phylogeography of two neotropical species of the genus Araneus (Araneidae). (Thesis). Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Retrieved from http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317341

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Peres, Elen Arroyo, 1985-. “Filogeografia de duas espécies neotropicais do gênero Araneus (Araneidae) = Phylogeography of two neotropical species of the genus Araneus (Araneidae): Phylogeography of two neotropical species of the genus Araneus (Araneidae).” 2015. Thesis, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317341.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Peres, Elen Arroyo, 1985-. “Filogeografia de duas espécies neotropicais do gênero Araneus (Araneidae) = Phylogeography of two neotropical species of the genus Araneus (Araneidae): Phylogeography of two neotropical species of the genus Araneus (Araneidae).” 2015. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Peres, Elen Arroyo 1. Filogeografia de duas espécies neotropicais do gênero Araneus (Araneidae) = Phylogeography of two neotropical species of the genus Araneus (Araneidae): Phylogeography of two neotropical species of the genus Araneus (Araneidae). [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317341.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Peres, Elen Arroyo 1. Filogeografia de duas espécies neotropicais do gênero Araneus (Araneidae) = Phylogeography of two neotropical species of the genus Araneus (Araneidae): Phylogeography of two neotropical species of the genus Araneus (Araneidae). [Thesis]. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; 2015. Available from: http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317341

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Universidade Estadual de Campinas

27. Fontes, Fernanda Von Hertwig Mascarenhas, 1985-. Análise filogeográfica de duas espécies do gênero Aglaoctenus (Araneae, Lycosidae) = Phylogeographical analysis of two Aglaoctenus species (Araneae, Lycosidae): Phylogeographical analysis of two Aglaoctenus species (Araneae, Lycosidae).

Degree: 2016, Universidade Estadual de Campinas

URL: http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/321153

► Abstract: The great biodiversity and complex geological history of South America offers a number of issues to be addressed with the use of phylogeography. The… (more)

▼ Abstract: The great biodiversity and complex geological history of South America offers a number of issues to be addressed with the use of phylogeography. The aim of this study was to test hypotheses about the biological diversity in the Neotropical region, contributing to understand the consequences of the establishment of an open vegetation area in the central region of the continent separating its two large rainforest, the Amazon and the Atlantic. In order to get distinct perspectives about this scenario we studied phylogeographical patterns of two Aglaoctenus spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae): A. lagotis, distributed in a variety of phytophysiognomies, and A. castaneus, restricted to the wet forests, both limited to the Neotropical region of South America. We estimated genetic diversity and structure, built haplotype networks, made bayesian phylogenetic inferences and demographic analyses. Results were summarized in two manuscripts that correspond to the two chapters in this thesis. In the first chapter, entitled "Insights on the Neotropical history provided by a multilocus phylogeographic study of the web spider Aglaoctenus lagotis (Araneae, Lycosidae)", we analyzed 26 populations distributed from eastern Amazon to southern Atlantic Forest and gathered three nuclear (ITS2, H3 and TIF5A) and one mitochondrial (COI) markers. A. lagotis diversification started on Pliocene, but genetic structure strongly increased on Pleistocene, suggesting that climate oscillations from this period may have contributed to this pattern. Results also suggest distinct colonization events of tropical and subtropical portions of Atlantic Forest. In chapter two, "Phylogeographical patterns of Aglaoctenus castaneus (Araneae, Lycosidae) between Amazon and Atlantic Forest", we used six populations and two molecular markers (COI and ITS2). The high genetic structure between the two biomes suggests a vicariant role for the dry diagonal; however, the estimated divergence between clades correspondent to each rainforest was posterior to the emergence of this savanna region, indicating gene flow maintenance between populations within each forest until Quaternary. Lineages from each biome also presented genetic structure, suggesting that historical events in a regional scale also contributed to shape the current diversity pattern of this species. Our results agree with the general consensus that Neotropical biomes history is complex, mainly due to orogenic and climatic changes that influenced the landscape over time, and highlight the importance of using different organisms with a broader distribution to elucidate biogeographical questions in the Neotropics Advisors/Committee Members: UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS (CRUESP), Solferini, Vera Nisaka, 1957- (advisor), Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Biologia (institution), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular (nameofprogram), Batista, Marcos Roberto Dias (committee member), Espin, Ana Maria Lima de Azeredo (committee member), Moraes, Evandro Marsola de (committee member), Amaral, Fábio Sarubbi Raposo do (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Filogeografia; Biogeografia; Aranha; Phylogeography; Biogeography; Spiders

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APA (6^th Edition):

Fontes, Fernanda Von Hertwig Mascarenhas, 1. (2016). Análise filogeográfica de duas espécies do gênero Aglaoctenus (Araneae, Lycosidae) = Phylogeographical analysis of two Aglaoctenus species (Araneae, Lycosidae): Phylogeographical analysis of two Aglaoctenus species (Araneae, Lycosidae). (Thesis). Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Retrieved from http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/321153

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fontes, Fernanda Von Hertwig Mascarenhas, 1985-. “Análise filogeográfica de duas espécies do gênero Aglaoctenus (Araneae, Lycosidae) = Phylogeographical analysis of two Aglaoctenus species (Araneae, Lycosidae): Phylogeographical analysis of two Aglaoctenus species (Araneae, Lycosidae).” 2016. Thesis, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/321153.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fontes, Fernanda Von Hertwig Mascarenhas, 1985-. “Análise filogeográfica de duas espécies do gênero Aglaoctenus (Araneae, Lycosidae) = Phylogeographical analysis of two Aglaoctenus species (Araneae, Lycosidae): Phylogeographical analysis of two Aglaoctenus species (Araneae, Lycosidae).” 2016. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Fontes, Fernanda Von Hertwig Mascarenhas 1. Análise filogeográfica de duas espécies do gênero Aglaoctenus (Araneae, Lycosidae) = Phylogeographical analysis of two Aglaoctenus species (Araneae, Lycosidae): Phylogeographical analysis of two Aglaoctenus species (Araneae, Lycosidae). [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/321153.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Fontes, Fernanda Von Hertwig Mascarenhas 1. Análise filogeográfica de duas espécies do gênero Aglaoctenus (Araneae, Lycosidae) = Phylogeographical analysis of two Aglaoctenus species (Araneae, Lycosidae): Phylogeographical analysis of two Aglaoctenus species (Araneae, Lycosidae). [Thesis]. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; 2016. Available from: http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/321153

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Oregon State University

28. Halaj, Juraj. Abundance and community composition of arboreal spiders : the relative importance of habitat structure, prey availability and competition.

Degree: PhD, Entomology, 1996, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34526

► This work examined the importance of structural complexity of habitat, availability of prey, and competition with ants as factors influencing the abundance and community composition… (more)

▼ This work examined the importance of structural complexity of habitat, availability of prey, and competition with ants as factors influencing the abundance and community composition of arboreal spiders in western Oregon. In 1993, I compared the spider communities of several host-tree species which have different branch structure. I also assessed the importance of several habitat variables as predictors of spider abundance and diversity on and among individual tree species. The greatest abundance and species richness of spiders per 1-m-long branch tips were found on structurally more complex tree species, including Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco and noble fir, Abies procera Rehder. Spider densities, species richness and diversity positively correlated with the amount of foliage, branch twigs and prey densities on individual tree species. The amount of branch twigs alone explained almost 70% of the variation in the total spider abundance across five tree species. In 1994, I experimentally tested the importance of needle density and branching complexity of Douglas-fir branches on the abundance and community structure of spiders and their potential prey organisms. This was accomplished by either removing needles, by thinning branches or by tying branches. Tying branches resulted in a significant increase in the abundance of spiders and their prey. Densities of spiders and their prey were reduced by removal of needles and thinning. The spider community of needle-sparse branches was dominated by orb weavers (Araneidae), whereas tied branches were preferably colonized by sheet-web weavers (Linyphiidae and Micryphantidae), and nocturnal hunting spiders (Anyphaeilidae and Clubionidae). Spider species richness and diversity increased in structurally more complex habitats. In 1994 and 1995, I excluded foraging Camponotus spp. ants from canopies of sapling Douglas-fir. Biomass of potential prey organisms, dominated by Psocoptera, increased significantly by 1.9 to 2.4-fold on the foliage following ant exclusion. Hunting spiders, dominated by the Salticidae, increased significantly by 1.5 to 1.8-fold in trees without ants in the late summer. The exclusion of ants did not affect the abundance of web-building spiders. Documented aggressive behavior of aphid-tending ants suggests interference competition between hunting spiders and ants. Advisors/Committee Members: Lattin, John D. (advisor), Perry, David A. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Spiders – Ecology – Oregon

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APA (6^th Edition):

Halaj, J. (1996). Abundance and community composition of arboreal spiders : the relative importance of habitat structure, prey availability and competition. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34526

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Halaj, Juraj. “Abundance and community composition of arboreal spiders : the relative importance of habitat structure, prey availability and competition.” 1996. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34526.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Halaj, Juraj. “Abundance and community composition of arboreal spiders : the relative importance of habitat structure, prey availability and competition.” 1996. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Halaj J. Abundance and community composition of arboreal spiders : the relative importance of habitat structure, prey availability and competition. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1996. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34526.

Council of Science Editors:

Halaj J. Abundance and community composition of arboreal spiders : the relative importance of habitat structure, prey availability and competition. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1996. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34526

University of Arizona

29. Beatty, Joseph Albert, 1931-. The spiders and scorpions of the Santa Catalina Mountain Area, Arizona .

Degree: 1961, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/551513

Subjects/Keywords: Spiders – Arizona.; Scorpions.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Beatty, Joseph Albert, 1. (1961). The spiders and scorpions of the Santa Catalina Mountain Area, Arizona . (Masters Thesis). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/551513

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Beatty, Joseph Albert, 1931-. “The spiders and scorpions of the Santa Catalina Mountain Area, Arizona .” 1961. Masters Thesis, University of Arizona. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/551513.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Beatty, Joseph Albert, 1931-. “The spiders and scorpions of the Santa Catalina Mountain Area, Arizona .” 1961. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Beatty, Joseph Albert 1. The spiders and scorpions of the Santa Catalina Mountain Area, Arizona . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Arizona; 1961. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/551513.

Council of Science Editors:

Beatty, Joseph Albert 1. The spiders and scorpions of the Santa Catalina Mountain Area, Arizona . [Masters Thesis]. University of Arizona; 1961. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/551513

Virginia Tech

30. Whalen, Rebecca Anne. Influence of Selective Insecticides and Cropping System on Arthropod Natural Enemies in Soybean.

Degree: PhD, Entomology, 2016, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71653

► Arthropod natural enemies play a key role in controlling potentially damaging pest populations in agroecosystems. An abundant and diverse natural enemy community is associated with… (more)

▼ Arthropod natural enemies play a key role in controlling potentially damaging pest populations in agroecosystems. An abundant and diverse natural enemy community is associated with higher yields in a variety of crops. Certain aspects of soybean production can make a field more or less amenable to a robust natural enemy community. For instance, commonly used broad-spectrum insecticides which are highly toxic to most arthropods can decrease natural enemy densities and allow for secondary pest outbreaks. Selective insecticides that have less impact on natural enemy populations allow for pest control while preserving important predators. Another production decision that could alter natural enemy communities is the choice of cropping system, specifically planting early (full season) or late, after small grain harvest (double crop). My research objectives were to examine how 1) selective insecticides and 2) cropping system affect the density and diversity of natural enemies in Virginia soybean. To address the first objective I compared the natural enemy community in soybean plots that were exposed to selective insecticides, broad-spectrum insecticides or no insecticide. I sampled insects using three different techniques and found that the two selective insecticides I tested, both from a new class called diamides, did not reduce the natural enemy community compared to controls. To examine how cropping system affects the natural enemy community I sampled full season and double crop fields during the growing season for two years. In 2014 ground-dwelling spider diversity was higher in full season soybean. In both years, double crop soybeans had higher abundance of spiders and insect natural enemies on the ground and in the foliage compared with full season soybean. This was unexpected, since double crop soybeans are planted later than full season and arthropod populations would have less time to colonize and grow. When I compared diversity of a family of predatory beetles I found higher diversity in full season soybean. The similarity in spider and insect natural enemy diversity and abundance trends suggests that a greater number of species can co-exist in full season soybean, while in double crop soybeans a few dominant natural enemies thrive. Advisors/Committee Members: Herbert, D. Ames Jr. (committeechair), Kuhar, Thomas P. (committee member), Reisig, Dominic Duane (committee member), Pfeiffer, Douglas G. (committee member), Brewster, Carlyle C. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Natural enemies; spiders; soybean; diversity; biological control

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Whalen, R. A. (2016). Influence of Selective Insecticides and Cropping System on Arthropod Natural Enemies in Soybean. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71653

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Whalen, Rebecca Anne. “Influence of Selective Insecticides and Cropping System on Arthropod Natural Enemies in Soybean.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71653.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Whalen, Rebecca Anne. “Influence of Selective Insecticides and Cropping System on Arthropod Natural Enemies in Soybean.” 2016. Web. 27 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Whalen RA. Influence of Selective Insecticides and Cropping System on Arthropod Natural Enemies in Soybean. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71653.

Council of Science Editors:

Whalen RA. Influence of Selective Insecticides and Cropping System on Arthropod Natural Enemies in Soybean. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71653

Open Access Theses and Dissertations