subject:(Spark Assisted Compression Ignition Saci)

University of Michigan

1. Ortiz-Soto, Elliott Alexander. Combustion Modeling of Spark Assisted Compression Ignition for Experimental Analysis and Engine System Simulations.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2013, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/102314

► Advanced combustion strategies provide significant efficiency and emissions benefits compared to conventional spark ignited (SI) combustion, but challenges related to combustion control and load limits… (more)

▼ Advanced combustion strategies provide significant efficiency and emissions benefits compared to conventional spark ignited (SI) combustion, but challenges related to combustion control and load limits have made these technologies difficult to implement in practical systems. Until now, low cost reduced order models necessary for large parametric and multi-cycle studies capable of accurately capturing the full range of combustion modes from homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and spark-assisted compression ignition (SACI) to SI have not been available. This important computational gap for advanced combustion engine research was the primary motivation for this doctoral work. The outcomes of this study include powerful new tools to evaluate advanced combustion strategies as well as novel methods to incorporate important advanced combustion characteristics into reduced order models. A reduced order thermodynamic model of advanced SACI combustion was first proposed. The model was used with available experimental data and previous high fidelity simulation results to develop a new empirical auto-ignition burn rate model that captures the effects of ignition timing, composition, temperature, pressure, engine speed, stratification and flame propagation. A complete engine model was then developed and incorporated into the commercial simulation software GT-Power. The model included chemical kinetics for low temperature heat release and auto-ignition detection and the empirical burn rate model for post-ignition heat release, as well as a new flame propagation model with improved physical groundings. The calibrated engine model showed good agreement with experimental trends of HCCI, SACI and SI combustion modes. The engine model was then used to assess practical strategies for accessing the advanced combustion regime and improving engine efficiency. The results showed HCCI and SACI provide a pathway for significant efficiency benefits compared to throttled SI, with efficiency improvements between 15-25% across a range of loads from 1-7 bar BMEP. Further efficiency gains appear possible beyond the experimentally observed SACI limit. As a further exercise, the load extension potential of boosted SACI combustion was conceptually investigated using a simple thermodynamic framework incorporating the empirical burn rate model and practical operating constraints. The results indicate boosted SACI can nearly double the maximum engine load compared to naturally aspirated operation. Advisors/Committee Members: Wooldridge, Margaret S. (committee member), Assanis, Dionissios N. (committee member), Fidkowski, Krzysztof J. (committee member), Martz, Jason Brian (committee member), Lavoie, George A. (committee member), Babajimopoulos, Aristotelis (committee member), Borgnakke, Claus (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Spark Assisted Compression Ignition, Saci; Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition, Hcci, Spark Ignition, Si, Knock; Advanced Combustion Engines; Combustion Modeling; Engine Simulation; Efficiency, Fuel Economy, Load Extension, Load Expansion; Mechanical Engineering; Engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ortiz-Soto, E. A. (2013). Combustion Modeling of Spark Assisted Compression Ignition for Experimental Analysis and Engine System Simulations. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/102314

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ortiz-Soto, Elliott Alexander. “Combustion Modeling of Spark Assisted Compression Ignition for Experimental Analysis and Engine System Simulations.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/102314.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ortiz-Soto, Elliott Alexander. “Combustion Modeling of Spark Assisted Compression Ignition for Experimental Analysis and Engine System Simulations.” 2013. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Ortiz-Soto EA. Combustion Modeling of Spark Assisted Compression Ignition for Experimental Analysis and Engine System Simulations. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/102314.

Council of Science Editors:

Ortiz-Soto EA. Combustion Modeling of Spark Assisted Compression Ignition for Experimental Analysis and Engine System Simulations. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/102314

University of Michigan

2. Natarajan, Vinod Kumar. Spark -assisted compression ignition: An experimental investigation into how spark ignition advances combustion phasing in gasoline HCCI engines.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical engineering, 2006, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/126242

► Implementation of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion in gasoline engines, while operating with improved fuel economy and reduced NOx emissions, is limited by the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Advances; Combustion; Engines; Experimental; Gasoline; Hcci; Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition; How; Investigation; Phasing; Spark Ignition; Spark-assisted Compression Ignition; Spark-ignition

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APA (6^th Edition):

Natarajan, V. K. (2006). Spark -assisted compression ignition: An experimental investigation into how spark ignition advances combustion phasing in gasoline HCCI engines. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/126242

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Natarajan, Vinod Kumar. “Spark -assisted compression ignition: An experimental investigation into how spark ignition advances combustion phasing in gasoline HCCI engines.” 2006. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/126242.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Natarajan, Vinod Kumar. “Spark -assisted compression ignition: An experimental investigation into how spark ignition advances combustion phasing in gasoline HCCI engines.” 2006. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Natarajan VK. Spark -assisted compression ignition: An experimental investigation into how spark ignition advances combustion phasing in gasoline HCCI engines. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2006. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/126242.

Council of Science Editors:

Natarajan VK. Spark -assisted compression ignition: An experimental investigation into how spark ignition advances combustion phasing in gasoline HCCI engines. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2006. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/126242

3. Middleton, Robert John. Simulation of Spark Assisted Compression Ignition Combustion Under EGR Dilute Engine Operating Conditions.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2014, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/107052

► Spark Assisted Compression Ignition (SACI) combustion has been shown to provide highly efficient, potentially low NOx operation similar to Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) combustion.… (more)

▼ Spark Assisted Compression Ignition (SACI) combustion has been shown to provide highly efficient, potentially low NOx operation similar to Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) combustion. Direct control over ignition timing and burn rate through SACI operation has the ability to overcome shortcomings of HCCI operation allowing an increase in power density. Detailed SACI models capable of capturing the charge preparation process and impact of dilution method on combustion are currently limited. The current work addresses this need by developing such a model and investigating SACI combustion in an engine simulation. Modeling requires valid predictions of laminar flame speeds under SACI conditions which are not available in the literature. To address this need under highly EGR dilute, high preheat temperature SACI conditions, laminar reaction front simulations were conducted. Moderate burning velocities were observed for EGR dilutions typical SACI operation, provided that preheat temperatures were elevated and burned gas temperatures exceeded 1450K. For a given preheat and burned gas temperature, EGR dilution suppressed burning velocities relative to air dilution, behavior attributed to decreases in mixture oxygen. Correlations of laminar burning velocity and thickness were developed from these data. An existing model for HCCI, SI, and SACI combustion in KIVA-3V was extended to capture engine breathing and charge preparation by direct injection under conditions utilizing EGR dilution. The model was capable of predicting trend-wise agreement with metal engine cylinder pressure measurements for HCCI, SI, and SACI combustion. Analysis showed that during SACI operation, compression heating from reaction front heat release increased the end-gas temperature to initiate end-gas auto-ignition, providing control over the combustion process. Manipulation of the flame heat release by varying intake temperature, spark timing, and dilution composition allowed control over heat release rates independent of combustion phasing, reducing peak heat release rates while increasing load and efficiency. The influences on end-gas heat release rate were the total end-gas mass and the temperature stratification prior to auto-ignition, which evolved significantly during the flame propagation phase. Insights from this work can be used to guide SACI operating strategies to enable high efficiency engine operation at higher power density than with HCCI combustion. Advisors/Committee Members: Assanis, Dionissios N. (committee member), Wooldridge, Margaret S. (committee member), Fidkowski, Krzysztof J. (committee member), Im, Hong (committee member), Martz, Jason Brian (committee member), Lavoie, George (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Combustion; Spark Assisted Compression Ignition; Mechanical Engineering; Engineering

…121 xiv Abstract Spark Assisted Compression Ignition (SACI) combustion has… …Spark Assisted Compression Ignition (SACI) is a method of triggering HCCI combustion… …Assisted Compression Ignition (SACI), in an attempt to realize the benefits of HCCI… …Dahms et al. to study spark ignition in the SACI combustion regime under stratified charge… …Spark Ignition Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computational Improvements…

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Middleton, R. J. (2014). Simulation of Spark Assisted Compression Ignition Combustion Under EGR Dilute Engine Operating Conditions. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/107052

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Middleton, Robert John. “Simulation of Spark Assisted Compression Ignition Combustion Under EGR Dilute Engine Operating Conditions.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/107052.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Middleton, Robert John. “Simulation of Spark Assisted Compression Ignition Combustion Under EGR Dilute Engine Operating Conditions.” 2014. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Middleton RJ. Simulation of Spark Assisted Compression Ignition Combustion Under EGR Dilute Engine Operating Conditions. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/107052.

Council of Science Editors:

Middleton RJ. Simulation of Spark Assisted Compression Ignition Combustion Under EGR Dilute Engine Operating Conditions. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/107052

University of Michigan

4. Martz, Jason Brian. Simulation and Model Development for Auto-Ignition and Reaction Front Propagation in Low-Temperature High-Pressure Lean-Burn Engines.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2010, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/78870

► While Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) combustion is capable of highly efficient, ultra-low NOx operation, it lacks direct mechanisms for timing and burn rate control… (more)

▼ While Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) combustion is capable of highly efficient, ultra-low NOx operation, it lacks direct mechanisms for timing and burn rate control and suffers from marginal power densities. Concepts such as Spark-Assisted Compression Ignition (SACI) combustion have shown the ability to partially address these shortcomings, however detailed SACI models are currently lacking. To address the need for reaction front data within the ultra-dilute, high pressure and preheat temperature SACI regime, laminar premixed reaction front simulations were performed and correlations for burning velocity and front thickness were developed from the resulting dataset. Provided that preheat temperatures were elevated and that burned gas temperatures exceeded 1500 K, moderate burning velocities were observed at equivalence ratios typical of mid and high load HCCI operation. For a given burned gas temperature, burning velocities increased when moving from the SI to the SACI combustion regime, i.e. towards higher dilution and higher pre-heat temperatures. Given the proximity of SACI pre-heat temperatures to the ignition temperature, additional simulations examined the combustion regime, structure and general behavior of the reaction front as it propagated into an auto-igniting end-gas. While significant increases in burning velocity accompanied the transition from deflagrative to chemically dominated combustion, the reaction front contributed minimally to end-gas consumption once end-gas temperatures exceeded 1100 K. A model capable of capturing SI, SACI and HCCI combustion modes was formulated and implemented into KIVA-3V. Using the correlated laminar flame speed data, the model was capable of predicting trend-wise agreement with cylinder pressure and imaging data from an optical SACI engine. The simulated presence of flame surface density suggests that although the simulated reaction fronts are ultra-dilute, they are nevertheless within the flamelet regime during the deflagration portion of SACI combustion. End-gas auto-ignition occurred when the charge compression heating from boundary work and reaction front heat release combined to drive the end-gas to its ignition temperature, providing additional latitude for the execution and control of low temperature combustion processes. Additional simulations were performed to assess the ability of this additional deflagrative combustion mode to enable high efficiency operation with elevated work output relative to HCCI combustion. Advisors/Committee Members: Assanis, Dionissios N. (committee member), Babajimopoulos, Aristotelis (committee member), Driscoll, James F. (committee member), Fiveland, Scott B. (committee member), Lavoie, George (committee member), Wooldridge, Margaret S. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: HCCI; Spark Assisted Compression Ignition; Knock; Low Temperature Combustion; Flamelet; Spark Ignited; Mechanical Engineering; Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Martz, J. B. (2010). Simulation and Model Development for Auto-Ignition and Reaction Front Propagation in Low-Temperature High-Pressure Lean-Burn Engines. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/78870

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Martz, Jason Brian. “Simulation and Model Development for Auto-Ignition and Reaction Front Propagation in Low-Temperature High-Pressure Lean-Burn Engines.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/78870.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Martz, Jason Brian. “Simulation and Model Development for Auto-Ignition and Reaction Front Propagation in Low-Temperature High-Pressure Lean-Burn Engines.” 2010. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Martz JB. Simulation and Model Development for Auto-Ignition and Reaction Front Propagation in Low-Temperature High-Pressure Lean-Burn Engines. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2010. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/78870.

Council of Science Editors:

Martz JB. Simulation and Model Development for Auto-Ignition and Reaction Front Propagation in Low-Temperature High-Pressure Lean-Burn Engines. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/78870

Brunel University

5. Bureshaid, Khalifa. A study of turbulent jet ignition combustion in an optical research engine with alternative fuels.

Degree: PhD, 2019, Brunel University

URL: http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/20076 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.814396

► Turbulent Jet Ignition (TJI) is an advanced ignition process where ultra-lean mixtures can ignite in standard gasoline spark ignition engine. In this research, a TJI… (more)

▼ Turbulent Jet Ignition (TJI) is an advanced ignition process where ultra-lean mixtures can ignite in standard gasoline spark ignition engine. In this research, a TJI unit by Mahle Powertrain USA was adopted and studied in a bespoke single-cylinder engine with optical acess. The TJI device features a very small pre-chamber that is connected to the main chamber by multiple small orifices and can be separately fuelled by a direct fuel injector. The spark plug shifts from the main chamber to the pre-chamber to ignite the pre-chamber mixture. A new cylinder head was designed and manufactured to accommodate the TJI unit and optical windows on the top and sides of the cylinder head block. A new direct inejector (DI) fuel supply system was set up for direct fuel injection in the pre-chamber. A new engine control and a data system were commissioned and used for engine experiments and heat release analysis. High-speed combustion imaging and spectroscopic techniques were developed to study the ignition and combustion in the main chamber through high-speed cameras and spectrographic equipment. Thermodynamic studies on TJI combustion in a single-cylinder engine demonstrate the ability of TJI to extend the lean-burn limit of gasoline operation at different engine speeds and loads. Similar effects are also observed with engine operations fuelled with ethanol and wet-ethanol. TJI exerts the greatest effect in extending the lean-burn limit of ethanol fuel and leads to near-zero NOx emissions near the lean-burn limit. In addition, the TJI ethanol engine operation has higher thermal efficiency as well as lower HC and CO emissions than the gasoline operation. Spectroscopic results reveal that ethanol combustion produces higher chemiluminescent emissions than gasoline during the normal spark ignition combustion in the main chamber. The OH spectral peak at 310 nm is the highest throughout the ignition and combustion, followed by CH emission at 430 nm and HCO at 330 nm. Their intensities peak before the maximum heat release rates measured by the in-cylinder pressure. Emission spectra produced by the pre-chamber ignition are stronger than the normal spark ignition in the main chamber. The highest emission intensities are observed with the fuelled pre-chamber ignition even with leaner air–fuel mixture in the main chamber. As pre-chamber fuel is increased, the pre-chamber pressure rises faster to a higher peak value, producing greater pressure differential between the pre-chamber and main chamber and faster turbulent jets of partially burned products at higher temperature. The increase in the pre-chamber pressure causes the jets to travel deeper into the main chamber and enlarges the ignition sites. In addition, the ignition delay of the main chamber combustion is shortened due to the higher temperature of turbulent jets, as indicated by the stonger emission spectra. The turbulent ignition jets of ethanol are characterised with greater momentum than gasoline due to the faster combustion speed of ethanol and higher energy input. When the…

Subjects/Keywords: Mahle Jet Ignition (MJI); Spark Ignition (SI); Stratified change engine; Lean burning; The hydrogen-assisted jet ignition (HAJI)

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Bureshaid, K. (2019). A study of turbulent jet ignition combustion in an optical research engine with alternative fuels. (Doctoral Dissertation). Brunel University. Retrieved from http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/20076 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.814396

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bureshaid, Khalifa. “A study of turbulent jet ignition combustion in an optical research engine with alternative fuels.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Brunel University. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/20076 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.814396.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bureshaid, Khalifa. “A study of turbulent jet ignition combustion in an optical research engine with alternative fuels.” 2019. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Bureshaid K. A study of turbulent jet ignition combustion in an optical research engine with alternative fuels. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Brunel University; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/20076 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.814396.

Council of Science Editors:

Bureshaid K. A study of turbulent jet ignition combustion in an optical research engine with alternative fuels. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Brunel University; 2019. Available from: http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/20076 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.814396

University of Victoria

6. Pitt, Philip Lawrence. The early phase of spark ignition.

Degree: Department of Physics and Astronomy, 2018, University of Victoria

URL: https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9664

► In this dissertation, some practical ignition techniques are presented that show how some problems of lean-burn combustion can be overcome. Then, to shed light on… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Spark ignition engines

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APA (6^th Edition):

Pitt, P. L. (2018). The early phase of spark ignition. (Thesis). University of Victoria. Retrieved from https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9664

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pitt, Philip Lawrence. “The early phase of spark ignition.” 2018. Thesis, University of Victoria. Accessed March 05, 2021. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9664.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pitt, Philip Lawrence. “The early phase of spark ignition.” 2018. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Pitt PL. The early phase of spark ignition. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Victoria; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9664.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Pitt PL. The early phase of spark ignition. [Thesis]. University of Victoria; 2018. Available from: https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9664

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

7. Olesky, Laura Katherine. An Experimental Investigation of the Burn Rates of Naturally Aspirated Spark Assisted Compression Ignition Combustion in a Single Cylinder Engine with Negative Valve Overlap.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2013, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/99979

► The implementation of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) in an engine remains a challenge due to the limited operating range and lack of a direct… (more)

▼ The implementation of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) in an engine remains a challenge due to the limited operating range and lack of a direct ignition timing control mechanism. Spark assisted compression ignition (SACI) has been shown by several research groups, including the work presented here, to provide such a mechanism, helping to control the phasing and stability of a primarily auto-igniting charge, as well as provide a means of extending the high load limit of HCCI while maintaining high thermal efficiency. The approach used in this study is unique in that flexible engine valve timing allowed for independent control of the thermal/compositional stratification associated with a large internal residual fraction, allowing its effect to be isolated from other thermophysical parameters. In these experiments, a single-cylinder engine equipped with fully-flexible valve actuation was used to explore the effects of spark assist in controlling peak heat release rates. With spark assist, a small portion of the heat release occurred via flame propagation, increasing the overall duration of the combustion event and dramatically reducing peak rates of heat release. At constant engine load and combustion phasing, peak heat release rates were reduced by 40% by controlling spark timing and unburned gas temperature via changes in internal and external EGR rates. Internal EGR was adjusted by varying the duration of negative valve overlap (NVO); for the range of NVO investigated, potential variations in in-cylinder mixing and thermal/compositional stratification were found to have a weak effect on burn characteristics, confirming the notion that temperature and spark timing are the primary variables affecting SACI burn rates for a fixed mixture composition. In the experiments, heat release analysis showed that the behavior of SACI was consistent with the theoretical kinetics associated with turbulent flame propagation and auto-ignition, supporting the hypothesis that SACI is essentially two distinct energy release events coupled by compression heating from an expanding flame front. The results of this work provide new insights into the physical and chemical mechanisms important during low temperature combustion. The results confirm proposed representations of SACI, and thereby provide direction for developing new advanced low temperature engine strategies. Advisors/Committee Members: Assanis, Dionissios N. (committee member), Wooldridge, Margaret S. (committee member), Driscoll, James F. (committee member), Boehman, Andre L. (committee member), Lavoie, George A. (committee member), Martz, Jason Brian (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Spark Assisted Compression Ignition Combustion; Low Temperature Combustion; Mechanical Engineering; Engineering

…laminar flame speed SA spark advance SACI spark assisted compression ignition SI spark… …mechanism. Spark assisted compression ignition (SACI) has been shown by several research… …11], and spark assisted compression ignition [43]. With boosted strategies… …compression ignition (SACI), involves triggering HCCI combustion using a spark-ignited… …ratio HCCI homogeneous charge compression ignition AIT after (spark) ignition…

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Olesky, L. K. (2013). An Experimental Investigation of the Burn Rates of Naturally Aspirated Spark Assisted Compression Ignition Combustion in a Single Cylinder Engine with Negative Valve Overlap. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/99979

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Olesky, Laura Katherine. “An Experimental Investigation of the Burn Rates of Naturally Aspirated Spark Assisted Compression Ignition Combustion in a Single Cylinder Engine with Negative Valve Overlap.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/99979.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Olesky, Laura Katherine. “An Experimental Investigation of the Burn Rates of Naturally Aspirated Spark Assisted Compression Ignition Combustion in a Single Cylinder Engine with Negative Valve Overlap.” 2013. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Olesky LK. An Experimental Investigation of the Burn Rates of Naturally Aspirated Spark Assisted Compression Ignition Combustion in a Single Cylinder Engine with Negative Valve Overlap. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/99979.

Council of Science Editors:

Olesky LK. An Experimental Investigation of the Burn Rates of Naturally Aspirated Spark Assisted Compression Ignition Combustion in a Single Cylinder Engine with Negative Valve Overlap. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/99979

Michigan State University

8. Chinnathambi, Prasanna. Experiments on the effects of dilution and fuel composition on ignition of gasoline and alternative fuels in a rapid compression machine.

Degree: 2019, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:48224

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Thesis Ph. D. Michigan State University. Mechanical Engineering 2019.

In the first part of this work, ignition of methane-air mixtures under excess air dilution is… (more)

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Thesis Ph. D. Michigan State University. Mechanical Engineering 2019.

In the first part of this work, ignition of methane-air mixtures under excess air dilution is studied. When excess air is used in SI engine operation, thermal efficiency is increased due to increase in compression ratio together with reduced pumping and heat loses. However, stable operation with excess air is challenging due to poor flammability of the resulting diluted mixture. Hence in order to achieve stable and complete combustion a turbulent jet ignition (TJI) system is used to improve combustion of lean methane-air mixtures. Various nozzle designs and operating strategies for a TJI system were tested in a rapid compression machine. 10-90% burn duration measurements were useful in assessing the performance of the nozzle designs while the 0-10% burn durations indicated if optimal air-fuel ratio is achieved within the pre-chamber at the time of ignition. The results indicated that distributed-jets TJI system offered faster and stable combustion while the concentrated-jets TJI system offered better dilution tolerance.Knock in a SI engine occurs due to autoignition of the end gas mixture and typically occurs in the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) region of the fuel-air mixture. Dilution of intake charge with cold exhaust recirculation gases (EGR) reduces combustion temperatures and decreases mixture reactivity thereby reducing knocking tendency. This enables optimal spark timings to be used, thereby increasing efficiency of SI engines which would otherwise be knock limited. Effect of cold EGR dilution is studied in the RCM by measuring the autoignition delay times of gasoline and gasoline surrogate mixtures diluted with varying levels of CO2. The autoignition experiments in the RCM were performed using a novel direct test chamber (DTC) charge preparation approach. The DTC approach enabled mixture preparation directly within the combustion chamber and eliminated the need for mixing tanks. Effect of CO2 dilution in retarding the autoignition delay times was more pronounced in the NTC region, while it was weaker in the low temperature and high temperature regions. The retarding effect was found to be dependent on both the octane number and the fuel composition of the gasoline being studied.Finally, the effect of substituting ethanol(biofuel) in gasoline surrogates for up to 40% by volume is studied. Ethanol is an octane booster, but it blends antagonistically with aromatics such as toluene and synergistically with alkanes with respect to the resulting octane number of the blends. In order to study this blending effect, two gasoline surrogates containing only alkanes (PRF), and alkanes with large amounts of toluene (TRF) are blended with varying levels of ethanol. The ignition delay times of the resulting mixtures are measured in a rapid compression machine and kinetic analysis was carried out using numerical simulations. The kinetic analysis revealed that ethanol controlled the final stages of ignition for the PRF blends when more than 10%…

Advisors/Committee Members: Toulson, Elisa, Lira, Carl, Jaberi, Farhad, Wickman, Indrek.

Subjects/Keywords: Spark ignition engines – Ignition; Spark ignition engines – Alternative fuels; Mechanical engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chinnathambi, P. (2019). Experiments on the effects of dilution and fuel composition on ignition of gasoline and alternative fuels in a rapid compression machine. (Thesis). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:48224

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chinnathambi, Prasanna. “Experiments on the effects of dilution and fuel composition on ignition of gasoline and alternative fuels in a rapid compression machine.” 2019. Thesis, Michigan State University. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:48224.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chinnathambi, Prasanna. “Experiments on the effects of dilution and fuel composition on ignition of gasoline and alternative fuels in a rapid compression machine.” 2019. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Chinnathambi P. Experiments on the effects of dilution and fuel composition on ignition of gasoline and alternative fuels in a rapid compression machine. [Internet] [Thesis]. Michigan State University; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:48224.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Chinnathambi P. Experiments on the effects of dilution and fuel composition on ignition of gasoline and alternative fuels in a rapid compression machine. [Thesis]. Michigan State University; 2019. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:48224

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Oregon State University

9. Okhovat, Sebastian. Temperature Evolution of Spark Kernels in Quiescent and Cross-flow Conditions.

Degree: MS, Mechanical Engineering, 2015, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/57994

► Numerous physical and chemical processes are required for successful ignition of a flammable mixture, many of which have been well characterized. However, one aspect of… (more)

▼ Numerous physical and chemical processes are required for successful ignition of a flammable mixture, many of which have been well characterized. However, one aspect of the ignition process that has received limited consideration is understanding the temperature of the spark kernel. A spark kernel is the volume of heated gas that develops after plasma formation and dissipation by an electrical discharge. Thermal measurements are critical for determining if reactions become self-sustaining and improving the validity of modeling efforts. The need for quantified kernel temperatures is extended to conditions that approach the flow fields within combustion applications, such as gas turbine engines. Based on the motivation, the focus of this work was to determine the temperature of kernels and investigate the influence a cross-flow has on the temporal temperature evolution. Representative results were compared against kernel temperatures in a quiescent environment to highlight differences between the two flow conditions. In this study, a sunken fire igniter was placed in an open loop wind tunnel and discharged into a non-reacting cross-flow. Kernel temperatures, after the plasma dissipated, were determined from radiation intensity measurements and by solving the radiation transfer equation. The temperature evolution was investigated in a quiescent environment and for a range of cross-flow velocities (5.8-15.6 m/s). For both quiescent and cross-flow conditions, kernels developed into a toroidal vortex. Surrounding air was entrained into the center of the kernel, resulting in relatively lower temperatures compared to the edges. Average peak kernel temperatures in quiescent conditions were 950 K, whereas kernels in a cross-flow approached 1250 K. The higher peak temperatures were attributed to a reduced relative velocity of the vortex caused by the interaction with the cross-flow. This resulted in decreased entrainment, particularly located at the upstream side of the kernel. Most of the temperature evolution of kernels was experienced within 1.3 ms after plasma was no longer detected; up to a 500 K difference was determined between 0.6 and 1.3 ms. Kernels beyond 1.3 ms reached a uniform temperature near 600 K and had little to no variation as radiation intensities dissipated beyond optical detection. Bifurcation of kernels was detected in one-third of all spark events for both quiescent and cross-flow conditions. The sensible energy of kernels was reported to decrease with time for all cases. Higher cross-flow velocities resulted in less sensible energy. This was attributed to a reduction in apparent kernel volume even with higher temperatures. Advisors/Committee Members: Blunck, David (advisor), Squires, Nancy (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: cross-flow; Spark ignition engines

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Okhovat, S. (2015). Temperature Evolution of Spark Kernels in Quiescent and Cross-flow Conditions. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/57994

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Okhovat, Sebastian. “Temperature Evolution of Spark Kernels in Quiescent and Cross-flow Conditions.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/57994.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Okhovat, Sebastian. “Temperature Evolution of Spark Kernels in Quiescent and Cross-flow Conditions.” 2015. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Okhovat S. Temperature Evolution of Spark Kernels in Quiescent and Cross-flow Conditions. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/57994.

Council of Science Editors:

Okhovat S. Temperature Evolution of Spark Kernels in Quiescent and Cross-flow Conditions. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/57994

10. Liu, Jinlong. Investigation of Combustion Characteristics of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Retrofitted to Natural Gas Spark Ignition Operation.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 2018, West Virginia University

URL: https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.3713 ; https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/3713

► The conversion of existing diesel engines to natural-gas spark ignition operation by adding a gas injector in the intake manifold for fuel delivery and… (more)

▼ The conversion of existing diesel engines to natural-gas spark ignition operation by adding a gas injector in the intake manifold for fuel delivery and replacing the diesel fuel injector with a spark plug to initiate and control the combustion process can reduce U.S. dependence on petroleum imports and curtail engine-out emissions. As the conventional diesel combustion chamber (i.e., flat head and bowl-in-piston) creates high turbulence, the engine can operate leaner, which would increase its efficiency and reduce emissions. However, natural gas combustion in such retrofitted engines presents differences compared to that in conventional spark ignited engines. Subsequently, the main goal of this study was to investigate the characteristics of natural gas combustion inside a diesel-like, fast-burn combustion chamber using a unique array of experimental and numerical tools. The experimental platform consisted of a heavy-duty single-cylinder diesel engine converted to natural-gas spark ignition and operated at a low-speed, lean equivalence ratio, and medium-load condition. The engine can also operate in an optical configuration (i.e., the stock piston and cylinder block can be replaced with a see-through piston and an extended cylinder block), which was used to visualize flame behavior. The optical data indicated a thick and fast-propagated flame in the piston bowl but slower flame propagation inside the squish region. In addition, a 3D numerical model of the optical engine was built to better explain the geometry effects. The simulation results suggested that while the region around the spark plug location experienced a moderate turbulence that helped with the ignition process, the interaction of squish, piston motion, and intake swirl created a highly-turbulent environment that favored the fast burn inside the bowl and stabilized the combustion process. However, the squish region experienced a much lower turbulence, which, combined with the reduced temperature and pressure during the expansion stroke and its higher surface-to-volume ratio, reduced the burning velocity and the flame propagation, but also avoided knocking. Consequently, the bowl-in-piston geometry separated the lean-burn natural gas combustion into two distinct events. To extend the optical findings, the metal engine configuration was used to investigate the effects of gas composition, spark timing, equivalence ratio, and engine speed on the two-stage combustion. The results suggested that operating conditions controlled the magnitude and phasing of the two combustion events. Moreover, 3D CFD simulations of the metal engine configuration showed that the squish region contained an important mixture fraction that would burn much slower and can increase the phasing separation between the two combustion events to a point that a second peak would appear in the heat release rate. Moreover, the rapid-burn event in such an engine was much shorter compared to its traditional definition (i.e., the time in crank angle degrees between the 10% and 90%… Advisors/Committee Members: Cosmin E. Dumitrescu, Nigel N. Clark, Nigel N. Clark.

Subjects/Keywords: Natural gas; Compression ignition engine; Spark ignition operation; Piston shape effects; Bowl-in-piston combustion chamber; Automotive Engineering; Chemical Engineering; Energy Systems; Heat Transfer, Combustion; Mechanical Engineering

10 more images…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Liu, J. (2018). Investigation of Combustion Characteristics of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Retrofitted to Natural Gas Spark Ignition Operation. (Doctoral Dissertation). West Virginia University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.3713 ; https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/3713

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Liu, Jinlong. “Investigation of Combustion Characteristics of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Retrofitted to Natural Gas Spark Ignition Operation.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, West Virginia University. Accessed March 05, 2021. https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.3713 ; https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/3713.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Liu, Jinlong. “Investigation of Combustion Characteristics of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Retrofitted to Natural Gas Spark Ignition Operation.” 2018. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Liu J. Investigation of Combustion Characteristics of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Retrofitted to Natural Gas Spark Ignition Operation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. West Virginia University; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.3713 ; https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/3713.

Council of Science Editors:

Liu J. Investigation of Combustion Characteristics of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Retrofitted to Natural Gas Spark Ignition Operation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. West Virginia University; 2018. Available from: https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.3713 ; https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/3713

Brno University of Technology

11. Ševčík, Michal. Současný stav a vývojové tendence v konstrukci motorů pro osobní automobily: The present state and development trends of passenger car engines.

Degree: 2019, Brno University of Technology

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/6983

► This bachelor`s thesis is about present situation and tendences of progress in construction of passenger car engine. Here will be shown the rate of different… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: osobní automobil; vznětový motor; zážehový motor; přeplňovaný motor; válec; ventil; rozvod; vstřikování; passenger car; compression ignition engine; spark ignition engine; supercharged engine; cylinder; piston; valve; injection

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ševčík, M. (2019). Současný stav a vývojové tendence v konstrukci motorů pro osobní automobily: The present state and development trends of passenger car engines. (Thesis). Brno University of Technology. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11012/6983

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ševčík, Michal. “Současný stav a vývojové tendence v konstrukci motorů pro osobní automobily: The present state and development trends of passenger car engines.” 2019. Thesis, Brno University of Technology. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11012/6983.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ševčík, Michal. “Současný stav a vývojové tendence v konstrukci motorů pro osobní automobily: The present state and development trends of passenger car engines.” 2019. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Ševčík M. Současný stav a vývojové tendence v konstrukci motorů pro osobní automobily: The present state and development trends of passenger car engines. [Internet] [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/6983.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ševčík M. Současný stav a vývojové tendence v konstrukci motorů pro osobní automobily: The present state and development trends of passenger car engines. [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/6983

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Brno University of Technology

12. Moravec, Tomáš. Přímý vstřik benzínu: Petrol Direct Injection.

Degree: 2018, Brno University of Technology

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/35923

► This bachelor thesis is about the system of direct injection petrol engines within cars. The first chapter is designated to the history of the direct… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Přímý vstřik benzínu; zážehový motor; vznětový motor; palivový systém; výfukový systém; řídící systém.; Petrol direct injection; compression-ignition engine; spark-ignition engine; fuel system; exhaust stroke system; control system.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Moravec, T. (2018). Přímý vstřik benzínu: Petrol Direct Injection. (Thesis). Brno University of Technology. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11012/35923

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Moravec, Tomáš. “Přímý vstřik benzínu: Petrol Direct Injection.” 2018. Thesis, Brno University of Technology. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11012/35923.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Moravec, Tomáš. “Přímý vstřik benzínu: Petrol Direct Injection.” 2018. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Moravec T. Přímý vstřik benzínu: Petrol Direct Injection. [Internet] [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/35923.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Moravec T. Přímý vstřik benzínu: Petrol Direct Injection. [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/35923

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Brno University of Technology

13. Moravec, Tomáš. Přímý vstřik benzínu: Petrol Direct Injection.

Degree: 2014, Brno University of Technology

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/32553

► This bachelor thesis is about the system of direct injection petrol engines within cars. The first chapter is designated to the history of the direct… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Přímý vstřik benzínu; zážehový motor; vznětový motor; palivový systém; výfukový systém; řídící systém.; Petrol direct injection; compression-ignition engine; spark-ignition engine; fuel system; exhaust stroke system; control system.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Moravec, T. (2014). Přímý vstřik benzínu: Petrol Direct Injection. (Thesis). Brno University of Technology. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11012/32553

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Moravec, Tomáš. “Přímý vstřik benzínu: Petrol Direct Injection.” 2014. Thesis, Brno University of Technology. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11012/32553.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Moravec, Tomáš. “Přímý vstřik benzínu: Petrol Direct Injection.” 2014. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Moravec T. Přímý vstřik benzínu: Petrol Direct Injection. [Internet] [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/32553.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Moravec T. Přímý vstřik benzínu: Petrol Direct Injection. [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/32553

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Brno University of Technology

14. Dobiáš, Ladislav. Porovnání tradičních a netradičních oběhů tepelných motorů: Comparison of traditional and nontraditional cycles of heat engines.

Degree: 2019, Brno University of Technology

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/5691

► The bachelor thesis describes the thermodynamic cycles of four-stroke spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI) engine, Wankel engine and two-stroke spark ignition (SI) engine.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Tepelné oběhy; termodynamická účinnost; čtyřdobý zážehový motor; čtyřdobý vznětový motor; Wankelův motor; dvoudobý zážehový motor; p-V diagram; T-S diagram; Atkinsonův cyklus; variabilní kompresní poměr; Heat cycles; thermodynamic efficiency; four-stroke spark ignition engine; four-stroke compression ignition engine; the Wankel engine; two-stroke spark ignition engine; p-V diagram; T-S diagram; Atkinson cycle; variable compression ratio

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Dobiáš, L. (2019). Porovnání tradičních a netradičních oběhů tepelných motorů: Comparison of traditional and nontraditional cycles of heat engines. (Thesis). Brno University of Technology. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11012/5691

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dobiáš, Ladislav. “Porovnání tradičních a netradičních oběhů tepelných motorů: Comparison of traditional and nontraditional cycles of heat engines.” 2019. Thesis, Brno University of Technology. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11012/5691.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dobiáš, Ladislav. “Porovnání tradičních a netradičních oběhů tepelných motorů: Comparison of traditional and nontraditional cycles of heat engines.” 2019. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Dobiáš L. Porovnání tradičních a netradičních oběhů tepelných motorů: Comparison of traditional and nontraditional cycles of heat engines. [Internet] [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/5691.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Dobiáš L. Porovnání tradičních a netradičních oběhů tepelných motorů: Comparison of traditional and nontraditional cycles of heat engines. [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/5691

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

15. Motily, Austen. Evaluation of hot surface ignition device performance with high-pressure kerosene fuel sprays.

Degree: MS, Mechanical Engineering, 2020, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/107927

► Among the range of commercially feasible propulsion systems, compression ignition (CI) engines present many advantages for light-duty vehicle operation. In particular, CI engines remain an… (more)

▼ Among the range of commercially feasible propulsion systems, compression ignition (CI) engines present many advantages for light-duty vehicle operation. In particular, CI engines remain an optimal choice for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) designed to operate at moderate flight speeds. However, one of the primary limitations of CI engines is that they require well-characterized, highly-reactive diesel fuel to operate properly. As the United States Department of Defense implements the single fuel concept and with global efforts to develop alternatively derived fuels, it is paramount that modern CI engines have the capability to perform with a diverse variety of fuel types. At its core, this challenge can be framed as an ignition problem, where low reactivity fuels and extreme operating conditions result in long ignition delays, engine misfires, and power loss. It is for this reason that novel ignition devices be developed to support reliable CI engine operation. Hot surface energy addition devices are a promising technology to improve ignition behavior, but the mechanisms by which the heating element supports the ignition process are not well understood. This study evaluates the performance and limitations of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) heating elements in functioning as continuous-use ignition devices for kerosene-fueled CI engines. Furthermore, it examines the interaction between a single high-pressure fuel spray with a hot surface device in order to identify the most important parameters for optimizing ignition behavior. Results of these experiments demonstrate that existing heating elements can accelerate the ignition process for fuels with a wide range of reactivities, assuming a sufficient surface temperature can be achieved. Reaching these temperatures in an engine environment and maintaining these temperatures for long periods of operation, with acceptable heating element durability, will be the primary challenges in developing next-generation ignition systems. Advisors/Committee Members: Lee, Tonghun (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Hot surface ignition; Rapid compression machine; Fuel spray ignition; Energy assisted ignition; High-pressure fuel spray; Ignition modes; Ignition device; Fuel spray heat release; Low-reactivity fuels; High-speed chemiluminescence imaging

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APA (6^th Edition):

Motily, A. (2020). Evaluation of hot surface ignition device performance with high-pressure kerosene fuel sprays. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/107927

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Motily, Austen. “Evaluation of hot surface ignition device performance with high-pressure kerosene fuel sprays.” 2020. Thesis, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/107927.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Motily, Austen. “Evaluation of hot surface ignition device performance with high-pressure kerosene fuel sprays.” 2020. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Motily A. Evaluation of hot surface ignition device performance with high-pressure kerosene fuel sprays. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/107927.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Motily A. Evaluation of hot surface ignition device performance with high-pressure kerosene fuel sprays. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/107927

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Michigan

16. Cho, Wooheum. A study on pressure reactive piston for spark ignition engines.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical engineering, 2004, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/124383

► The thrust toward improving vehicle fuel economy has stimulated the development of engine technologies including Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) piston designs. Pressure Reactive Piston (PRP)… (more)

▼ The thrust toward improving vehicle fuel economy has stimulated the development of engine technologies including Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) piston designs. Pressure Reactive Piston (PRP) technology separates the piston into two pieces with a spring set located between the upper and lower pistons. The unique feature of PRP is that the upper piston reacts to the cylinder pressure during the power stroke, accommodating rapid engine load changes passively. This mechanism effectively limits the peak cylinder pressures at high loads without an additional control device, while allowing high compression ratio under low loads. The maximum compression ratio without knocking was examined, and the preload and spring constant of spring set were obtained by using a quasi-dimensional simulation program. Belleville spring was selected as the spring set of the PRP because of its compactness and ability to carry high load with small deflection. Dynamic analysis of the piston crown was performed to calculate spring deflection and instantaneous chamber volume. The baseline and PRP engine were tested on single cylinder SI engine. Dynamometer test results demonstrated that BSFC improvement of the PRP engine over the baseline ranged from 8 to 18% at part loads. Full load torque was developed with the PRP engine without knocking at a similar magnitude as the baseline. The PRP engine combustion is characterized by Reverse and Flattened Motion of piston crown near the Top Dead Center (TDC) and higher thermal efficiency. An analytic model for the geometric interaction between the spherical flame and the combustion chamber was newly developed in order to calculate the flame entrainment rate of unburned charge. The program was modified for simulating PRP motion to investigate the effect of the spring set on engine performance and emissions over various operating conditions. It was found that BSFC improvement of the PRP engine increased with engine speed and fuel conversion efficiency was gradually increased with the increase of the spring set preload until the spring set could not be compressed any more due to high preload. However, NO emissions were increased at part loads compared to the baseline due to higher compression ratio. Advisors/Committee Members: Assanis, Dennis N. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Piston; Pressure-reactive; Spark-ignition Engines; Study; Variable Compression Ratio

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cho, W. (2004). A study on pressure reactive piston for spark ignition engines. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/124383

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cho, Wooheum. “A study on pressure reactive piston for spark ignition engines.” 2004. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/124383.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cho, Wooheum. “A study on pressure reactive piston for spark ignition engines.” 2004. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Cho W. A study on pressure reactive piston for spark ignition engines. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2004. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/124383.

Council of Science Editors:

Cho W. A study on pressure reactive piston for spark ignition engines. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2004. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/124383

Brno University of Technology

17. Poulíček, Matěj. Úprava motoru Babetty: Modifying the Babetta engine.

Degree: 2020, Brno University of Technology

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/191949

► This bachelor thesis is about one of the possible modifications of two-stroke single-cylinder Babetta 210 engine for increasing of power. Further about another manufactured Babetta… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Kompresní poměr; stechiometrická směs; hlava válce; spojka; taktnost; sání; zapalovací svíčka; výkon; kroutící moment; Compression ratio; stechiometric ratio; cylinder head; clutch; stroke; intake; ignition spark plug; performance; torque

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APA (6^th Edition):

Poulíček, M. (2020). Úprava motoru Babetty: Modifying the Babetta engine. (Thesis). Brno University of Technology. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11012/191949

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Poulíček, Matěj. “Úprava motoru Babetty: Modifying the Babetta engine.” 2020. Thesis, Brno University of Technology. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11012/191949.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Poulíček, Matěj. “Úprava motoru Babetty: Modifying the Babetta engine.” 2020. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Poulíček M. Úprava motoru Babetty: Modifying the Babetta engine. [Internet] [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/191949.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Poulíček M. Úprava motoru Babetty: Modifying the Babetta engine. [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/191949

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Anna University

18. Manivannan, A. Studies on extended expansion lean burn spark ignition engine operating with gasoline; -.

Degree: Mechanical Engineering, 2014, Anna University

URL: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/27605

►

In the development of internal combustion engines there has been a newlinecontinuous effort to reduce fuel consumption and exhaust emissions newlineImproved fuel efficiency with reduced… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: burn spark ignition; engine operating; mechanical engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Manivannan, A. (2014). Studies on extended expansion lean burn spark ignition engine operating with gasoline; -. (Thesis). Anna University. Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/27605

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Manivannan, A. “Studies on extended expansion lean burn spark ignition engine operating with gasoline; -.” 2014. Thesis, Anna University. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/27605.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Manivannan, A. “Studies on extended expansion lean burn spark ignition engine operating with gasoline; -.” 2014. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Manivannan A. Studies on extended expansion lean burn spark ignition engine operating with gasoline; -. [Internet] [Thesis]. Anna University; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/27605.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Manivannan A. Studies on extended expansion lean burn spark ignition engine operating with gasoline; -. [Thesis]. Anna University; 2014. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/27605

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Arizona

19. Maynard, Samuel Edward, 1919-. Power distribution of a gasoline engine .

Degree: 1951, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/347701

Subjects/Keywords: Spark ignition engines.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Maynard, Samuel Edward, 1. (1951). Power distribution of a gasoline engine . (Masters Thesis). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/347701

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Maynard, Samuel Edward, 1919-. “Power distribution of a gasoline engine .” 1951. Masters Thesis, University of Arizona. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/347701.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Maynard, Samuel Edward, 1919-. “Power distribution of a gasoline engine .” 1951. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Maynard, Samuel Edward 1. Power distribution of a gasoline engine . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Arizona; 1951. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/347701.

Council of Science Editors:

Maynard, Samuel Edward 1. Power distribution of a gasoline engine . [Masters Thesis]. University of Arizona; 1951. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/347701

University of British Columbia

20. Dymala-Dolesky, Robert. The effects of turbulence enhancement on the performance of a spark-ignition engine.

Degree: Master of Applied Science - MASc, Mechanical Engineering, 1986, University of British Columbia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26696

► An attempt has been undertaken to enhance turbulence in an S.I. engine at the final stage of the compression stroke, without affecting the intake process.… (more)

▼ An attempt has been undertaken to enhance turbulence in an S.I. engine at the final stage of the compression stroke, without affecting the intake process. The method employed to control the turbulence level made use of an original design called the squish-jet combustion chamber. The design had potential to generate jets in the chamber before CTDC and thus create dramatically different turbulent flow patterns. Natural gas, a slow burning fuel, was used for performance tests, and different levels of turbulence were expected to markedly affect the combustion process. A flow visualization experiment was performed under conditions similar to a motored engine. As a result, the jet development in the squish-jet type combustion chamber was documented. A new type of a flat cylinder head, and a set of squish-jet pistons were designed and manufactured. Experiments conducted on the redesigned Ricardo Hydra, single cylinder research engine, evaluated the influence of the squish-jet chamber on the mixture motion and the engine performance over a wide range of operating conditions. The jet velocities were measured with a hot wire probe located in the piston bowl, and turbulence parameters with a probe inserted through a cylinder head. The squish-jet design was evaluated for 6 different configurations. As a result it has been established that the squish-jet design does not create jets strong enough to dramatically enhance the turbulent flow field. The design, however, diminished the squish effect which is shown to be very important for the middle part of flame development. The simple squish design produces faster burning rate in the first half of the combustion process and develops the highest peak pressures. Variabilities of both cyclic IMEP and peak pressure are found to be unaffected by the presence or absence of strong squish motion. This suggests that the most important phase of combustion for the cyclic variation is the initial stage of the flame development. A comparison of ensembled pressure signals between combustion chamber designs, conducted at RAFR=1.00 and at RAFR=1.25 shows less dispersion in the latter case. It appears that at lean operation mixture motion influences combustion process to a lesser degree than at stochiometric conditions.

Subjects/Keywords: Spark ignition engines

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APA (6^th Edition):

Dymala-Dolesky, R. (1986). The effects of turbulence enhancement on the performance of a spark-ignition engine. (Masters Thesis). University of British Columbia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26696

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dymala-Dolesky, Robert. “The effects of turbulence enhancement on the performance of a spark-ignition engine.” 1986. Masters Thesis, University of British Columbia. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26696.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dymala-Dolesky, Robert. “The effects of turbulence enhancement on the performance of a spark-ignition engine.” 1986. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Dymala-Dolesky R. The effects of turbulence enhancement on the performance of a spark-ignition engine. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of British Columbia; 1986. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26696.

Council of Science Editors:

Dymala-Dolesky R. The effects of turbulence enhancement on the performance of a spark-ignition engine. [Masters Thesis]. University of British Columbia; 1986. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26696

University of Texas – Austin

21. Seers, Patrice. Spark ignition: an experimental and numerical investigation.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering., 2003, University of Texas – Austin

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/940

► The four phases of a spark ignition discharge are reviewed with respect to the physics and chemistry involved. An equation based on the energy exchange… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Spark ignition engines

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APA (6^th Edition):

Seers, P. (2003). Spark ignition: an experimental and numerical investigation. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/940

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Seers, Patrice. “Spark ignition: an experimental and numerical investigation.” 2003. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/940.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Seers, Patrice. “Spark ignition: an experimental and numerical investigation.” 2003. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Seers P. Spark ignition: an experimental and numerical investigation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2003. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/940.

Council of Science Editors:

Seers P. Spark ignition: an experimental and numerical investigation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2003. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/940

22. Mouriaux, Sophie. Simulation aux grandes échelles de l'allumage par bougie turbulent et de la propagation de la flamme dans les Moteurs à allumage commandé : Large Eddy simulation of the turbulent spark ignition and of the flame propagation in spark ignition engines.

Degree: Docteur es, Combustion, 2016, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE)

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC046

► Le fonctionnement en régime très pauvre ou avec forts taux d'EGR des moteurs à allumage commandé (MAC) permet de réduire efficacement les émissions de CO2… (more)

▼ Le fonctionnement en régime très pauvre ou avec forts taux d'EGR des moteurs à allumage commandé (MAC) permet de réduire efficacement les émissions de CO2 et de Nox ; cependant ces stratégies se heurtent à l'augmentation des variabilités cycliques. Ces dernières sont principalement dues à la phase d'allumage qui devient critique de dilution. Le modèle ECFM-LES actuellement utilisé à IFPEn, basé sur la notion de densité de surface de flamme, est insuffisant pour décrire l'allumage dans ces conditions critiques. Dans ces travaux, l'approche TF-LES est adoptée, l'allumage étant alors décrit par un emballement cinétique des réactions chimiques lors d'une élévations locale de la température. Ces travaux définissent et évaluent une stratégie de simulation pour TF-LES en configuration moteur, qui permette une prédiction fine des allumages critiques et de la propagation turbulente de la flamme, afin de décrire le cycle moteur complet.Dans une première partie, des DNS d'allumages turbulents ont été réalisées, en modélisant la phase d'allumage par un dépôt d'énergie thermique (Lacaze et al., (2009)). Les calculs ont simulé les expériences d'allumage de Cardin et al. (2013), dans lesquelles l'énergie minimum d'allumage (MIE) d'un mélange mtéhane-air a été mesuré, pour différentes richesses pauvres et sous différentes intensités turbulentes. L'objectif principal des simulations a été de déterminer les paramètres numériques et physiques du modèle permettant de reproduire les allumages de l'expérience. Deux types de schémas cinétiques ont été évalués : un schéma simplifié et un schéma analytique (ARC), ce dernier reproduisant et les délais d'auto-allumage et la vitesse de flamme laminaire. Les résultats ont permis de définir des critères d'allumage et de mettre en évidence les différentes prédiction d'allumage avec les deux types de schémas cinétiques. Les résultats ont été également démontré que l'approche choisie permettait de prédire les bons niveaux d'énergie pour les allumages laminaires et à faible nombres de Kalovitz (Ka<10). Aux plus hauts nombres de Karlovitz, il a été montré que le modèle ED était insuffisant pour prédire les énergie d'allumage et qu'une description plus fine du dépôt d'énergie est nécessaire.Dans la seconde partie des travaux, un modèle de plissement dynamique (Wang et al., 2012) a été étudié, afin de décrire le développement hors-équilibre de la flamme dans la phase de propagation turbulente. Des études sur des flammes sphériques laminaires ont d'abord été menées. Ensuite, les premiers tests de configuration moteur ayant révélé des incompatibilités du modèle, des modifications ont été proposées. Le modèle de plissement dynamique modifié a été finalement évalué sur la configuration moteur ICAMDAC. Les résultats obtenus ont été comparés aux résultats obtenus par Robert et al. (2015) avec le modèle ECFM-LES, qui utilise une équation de transport de densité de surface de flamme décrivant le plissement hors-équilibre de la flamme. Les résultats obtenus avec le plissement dynamique sont en très bon accord… Advisors/Committee Members: Colin, Olivier (thesis director), Veynante, Denis (thesis director).

Subjects/Keywords: Combustion pré-mélangée; Allumage; Moteur à allumage commandé; Premixed combustion; Spark ignition; Spark ignition engines

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mouriaux, S. (2016). Simulation aux grandes échelles de l'allumage par bougie turbulent et de la propagation de la flamme dans les Moteurs à allumage commandé : Large Eddy simulation of the turbulent spark ignition and of the flame propagation in spark ignition engines. (Doctoral Dissertation). Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE). Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC046

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mouriaux, Sophie. “Simulation aux grandes échelles de l'allumage par bougie turbulent et de la propagation de la flamme dans les Moteurs à allumage commandé : Large Eddy simulation of the turbulent spark ignition and of the flame propagation in spark ignition engines.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE). Accessed March 05, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC046.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mouriaux, Sophie. “Simulation aux grandes échelles de l'allumage par bougie turbulent et de la propagation de la flamme dans les Moteurs à allumage commandé : Large Eddy simulation of the turbulent spark ignition and of the flame propagation in spark ignition engines.” 2016. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Mouriaux S. Simulation aux grandes échelles de l'allumage par bougie turbulent et de la propagation de la flamme dans les Moteurs à allumage commandé : Large Eddy simulation of the turbulent spark ignition and of the flame propagation in spark ignition engines. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE); 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC046.

Council of Science Editors:

Mouriaux S. Simulation aux grandes échelles de l'allumage par bougie turbulent et de la propagation de la flamme dans les Moteurs à allumage commandé : Large Eddy simulation of the turbulent spark ignition and of the flame propagation in spark ignition engines. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE); 2016. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC046

The Ohio State University

23. Iqbal, Asim. Fundamentals of Knock.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2012, The Ohio State University

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338146766

► In view of the declining global oil reserves and the environmental concerns associated with automotive emissions, it is imperative to improve the fuel efficiency of… (more)

▼ In view of the declining global oil reserves and the environmental concerns associated with automotive emissions, it is imperative to improve the fuel efficiency of engines. Using higher compression ratios or boosting the specific output through turbocharging are proven strategies to accomplish this goal. However, the ability to achieve elevated peak pressures required by either mechanism to be effective is limited by knock. The lack of understanding of knock also hinders the realization of potential benefits of homogeneous charge compression ignition, a promising technology that relies on controlled autoignition. Thus, knock is one of the most serious obstacles in the development of fuel efficient engines. For this reason, the phenomenon of knock has been studied extensively, but even after more than a century of mostly experimental research, the basic mechanism governing knock remains poorly understood. In order to develop a fundamental understanding of engine knock, detailed chemical kinetic modeling of the hydrocarbon oxidation mechanism associated with the autoignition process is conducted in CHEMKIN (a chemical kinetics software). Based on the insight gained from kinetic modeling, some of the key reactions and species that are instrumental to the autoignition of hydrocarbons are identified. The sensitivity of knock to various parameters including inlet pressure, inlet temperature, compression ratio, wall temperature, fuel-air equivalence ratio, and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is examined through CHEMKIN simulations. Ignition delay predictions for the autoignition of a toluene reference fuel (TRF) blend with an antiknock index of 91 (TRF 91), obtained through extensive chemical kinetic modeling in CHEMKIN for a constant volume reactor, are used to develop an improved ignition delay correlation for predicting knock in spark ignition (SI) engines. In addition to NOx control, EGR is increasingly being utilized for managing combustion phasing in SI engines to mitigate knock. Therefore, along with other operating parameters, the effects of EGR on autoignition are incorporated into the correlation to address the need for predicting ignition delay in SI engines operating with EGR. The modeling approach adopted for TRF 91 is then extended to develop an ignition delay correlation for an oxygenated surrogate fuel blend of 87 octane gasoline (with 10% ethanol). In addition, a conceptually new approach based on multiple timescales is developed to predict ignition delay for the autoignition of a primary reference fuel blend. Finally, the new ignition delay correlation for TRF 91 is implemented into the engine simulation tool GT-POWER and engine dynamometer experiments with knocking combustion are conducted to validate the knock predictions from the correlation. Comparison of knock onset predictions from GT-POWER with engine experiments illustrates the accuracy of the TRF 91 ignition delay correlation. Hence, the contributions of the present study include an enhanced understanding of the underlying physics governing… Advisors/Committee Members: Selamet, Ahmet (Advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Mechanical Engineering; Knock; Spark Ignition Engines; Combustion; Ignition Delay; Kinetics; Ignition Delay Correlation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Iqbal, A. (2012). Fundamentals of Knock. (Doctoral Dissertation). The Ohio State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338146766

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Iqbal, Asim. “Fundamentals of Knock.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, The Ohio State University. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338146766.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Iqbal, Asim. “Fundamentals of Knock.” 2012. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Iqbal A. Fundamentals of Knock. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338146766.

Council of Science Editors:

Iqbal A. Fundamentals of Knock. [Doctoral Dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 2012. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338146766

Universitat Politècnica de València

24. Pagano, Vincenzo. Analysis of a stratified pre-chamber spark ignition system under lean mixture conditions .

Degree: 2020, Universitat Politècnica de València

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10251/152486

► [EN] In the current work, the characterization of the combustion process inside a stratified pre-chamber spark ignition (PCSI) system is performed. An extensive bibliographical review… (more)

▼ [EN] In the current work, the characterization of the combustion process inside a stratified pre-chamber spark ignition (PCSI) system is performed. An extensive bibliographical review about the pre-chamber systems developed from the second half of the 20th century until modern times is presented. The review shows that the latest generation systems have the potential to accomplish the emissions limits while providing high performance and low fuel consumption. Nevertheless, many efforts of the scientific community are still needed to allow the large-scale application of the technology. Indeed, based on the outstanding challenges observed, the investigation plan is developed including both experimental and numerical parts. All experiments were performed by means of the rapid compressionexpansion machine (RCEM) in the CMT-Motores Térmicos laboratory. The original cylinder head layout was modified to allow the housing of the prechamber itself, fuel injectors, spark plug, pressure transducers in both chamber, and a thermocouple. The test methodology involved the acquisition of the pressure evolution in both main chamber and pre-chamber, the piston position (used to compute the instantaneous cylinder volume), the duration of the auxiliary injection, and the spark ignition point. These are used as input for the zero-dimensional thermodynamic model which simulates the fundamental parameters aims to characterize the PCSI system working cycle. Therefore, a deeper knowledge of the mass interchanged process, induced turbulence field, heat release rate, combustion speed, and flame regime is generated. Subsequently, to calibrate the zero-dimensional model coefficients under motoring conditions, several 3D CFD simulations were carried out by means of Converge software. Hence, the results of the simulations in terms of interchanged mass and pre-chamber turbulent kinetic energy have been used to calibrate the nozzle discharge coefficient and the turbulence sub-model coefficients for all the pre-chamber geometries. Furthermore, the 3D CFD simulations outputs are analysed to fully understand the flow field structure and the local effect induced by the different nozzles at the spark activation time. The turbulent kinetic energy in terms of intensity and orientation is investigated over several relevant pre-chamber sections. The results reveal a clear relationship between the turbulence developed within the pre-chamber and the orifices structure. Straight orifices or perpendicular jets impact, promote more intense local turbulence due to direct collision while tilted orifices guarantee more homogeneity due to the swirling motion. Additionally, increase the orifice numbers shows benefits on the fluid dynamic homogeneity. Thus, preceding the experimental campaign several fundamental aspects of the system are evaluated. The cycle-to-cycle dispersion is explored by means of the statistical assessment showing low pressure peak deviation. The auxiliary injection pressure and timing are optimized for avoiding wall wetting phenomena while… Advisors/Committee Members: Morena Borja, Joaquín de la (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Pre-chamber Spark Ignition System; Torch Jet Ignition; Flame Propagation; Nozzle Geometry; Combustion Speed; Heat Release Rate; Stratified System; Natural Chemiluminescence; Combustion Visualization; Rapid Compression-Expansion Machine; Combustion Efficiency; Turbulent Kinetic Energy; CFD Simulations; 0D Thermodynamic Model

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APA (6^th Edition):

Pagano, V. (2020). Analysis of a stratified pre-chamber spark ignition system under lean mixture conditions . (Doctoral Dissertation). Universitat Politècnica de València. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10251/152486

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pagano, Vincenzo. “Analysis of a stratified pre-chamber spark ignition system under lean mixture conditions .” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, Universitat Politècnica de València. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/152486.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pagano, Vincenzo. “Analysis of a stratified pre-chamber spark ignition system under lean mixture conditions .” 2020. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Pagano V. Analysis of a stratified pre-chamber spark ignition system under lean mixture conditions . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Universitat Politècnica de València; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10251/152486.

Council of Science Editors:

Pagano V. Analysis of a stratified pre-chamber spark ignition system under lean mixture conditions . [Doctoral Dissertation]. Universitat Politècnica de València; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10251/152486

Brno University of Technology

25. Krejčí, Tomáš. Mazání vznětových a zážehových motorů: Lubrication of gasoline and diesel engines.

Degree: 2019, Brno University of Technology

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/997

► The main subject of this bachelor’s thesis is describing the present state of knowledge in the sphere of compression-ignition and spark-ignition engines lubrication, lubricants and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: vznětový motor; zážehový motor; vnitřní spalování; olejové hospodářství; mazání; mezné tření; hydrodynamické tření; motorové oleje; aditiva; compression-ignition engine; spark-ignition engine; internal combustion; engine lubrication system; lubricating; boundary lubrication; hydrodynamic lubrication; oils; additives

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APA (6^th Edition):

Krejčí, T. (2019). Mazání vznětových a zážehových motorů: Lubrication of gasoline and diesel engines. (Thesis). Brno University of Technology. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11012/997

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Krejčí, Tomáš. “Mazání vznětových a zážehových motorů: Lubrication of gasoline and diesel engines.” 2019. Thesis, Brno University of Technology. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11012/997.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Krejčí, Tomáš. “Mazání vznětových a zážehových motorů: Lubrication of gasoline and diesel engines.” 2019. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Krejčí T. Mazání vznětových a zážehových motorů: Lubrication of gasoline and diesel engines. [Internet] [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/997.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Krejčí T. Mazání vznětových a zážehových motorů: Lubrication of gasoline and diesel engines. [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/997

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Brno University of Technology

26. Nejedlý, Vladislav. Řízení zapalování a vstřikování paliva ve spalovacích motorech: Combustion Engine Ignition and Fuel Injection Control (Engine Motormanagement).

Degree: 2018, Brno University of Technology

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/15463

► In bachelor’s thesis on themed Combustion engine ignition and fuel injection control (engine motormanagement) i predominantly dealt with systems used in modern motor cars. This… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Dvoutaktní motor; čtyřtaktní motor; zážehový motor; vznětový motor; karburátor; ECOTRONIC; BMM (Bosch Mono-Motronic); SIMOS 2P; přímé vstřikování paliva; Two-stroke engine; four-stroke engine; spark-ignition engine; compression-ignition engine; carburetter; ECOTRONIC; BMM (Bosch Mono-Motronic); SIMOS 2P; direct fuel injection

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APA (6^th Edition):

Nejedlý, V. (2018). Řízení zapalování a vstřikování paliva ve spalovacích motorech: Combustion Engine Ignition and Fuel Injection Control (Engine Motormanagement). (Thesis). Brno University of Technology. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11012/15463

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nejedlý, Vladislav. “Řízení zapalování a vstřikování paliva ve spalovacích motorech: Combustion Engine Ignition and Fuel Injection Control (Engine Motormanagement).” 2018. Thesis, Brno University of Technology. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11012/15463.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nejedlý, Vladislav. “Řízení zapalování a vstřikování paliva ve spalovacích motorech: Combustion Engine Ignition and Fuel Injection Control (Engine Motormanagement).” 2018. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Nejedlý V. Řízení zapalování a vstřikování paliva ve spalovacích motorech: Combustion Engine Ignition and Fuel Injection Control (Engine Motormanagement). [Internet] [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/15463.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Nejedlý V. Řízení zapalování a vstřikování paliva ve spalovacích motorech: Combustion Engine Ignition and Fuel Injection Control (Engine Motormanagement). [Thesis]. Brno University of Technology; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/15463

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Universitat Politècnica de València

27. Valero Marco, Jorge. Analysis of the potential of SI lean combustion and CAI combustion in a two-stroke spark-assisted gasoline engine .

Degree: 2020, Universitat Politècnica de València

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10251/138556

► [EN] Internal combustion engines are in a situation in which they must be cleaner and more efficient than they have ever been. This change is… (more)

▼ [EN] Internal combustion engines are in a situation in which they must be cleaner and more efficient than they have ever been. This change is motivated by the global and continuous evolution of the emissions regulations linked to their commercialization, which try to establish the path to protect the human health, and move towards more sustainable energetic models. Framed in this context, the research work developed in this PhD thesis has focused on the way to continue improving the spark ignition engines. To this end, a prototype two-stroke engine has been used, with the idea of studying the Spark Ignited combustion in lean conditions ('lean SI') and the Controlled Auto-Ignition combustion 'CAI'). In this way, the traditional 'SI' operation in stoichiometric conditions of this type of engines is replaced, looking for an improvement in fuel efficiency, and a reduction, at the same time, of the pollutant emissions. This work has been approached mainly from an experimental point of view. Firstly, different works have been performed on the engine: operation of the different combustion modes, definition of the operating strategies, and compilation of experimental data coming from the engine operation in the different regions of the engine map. And, secondly, all this data has been analyzed and studied in detail to define the strengths and weaknesses of each combustion mode applied to the different engine operating conditions. The combination of these two works has led to obtain a large amount of data about the achievable efficiencies and the emissions values obtained in each combustion mode. And, in addition, the influence on the combustion of the burned gases recirculation in the engine ('EGR'), has also been studied as a strategy to reduce emissions, and control the combustion at high loads in both combustion modes. Regarding the analytical part of the work, several problems have been detected. Firstly, the high combustion variability in this engine, and secondly, the coupling of two completely different combustion modes. These issues have generated the need to analyze the data obtained in a more detailed way, in order to get more information about the combustion process. To solve these two aspects, first, a different point of view has been raised when dealing with the combustion diagnosis, the cycle to cycle analysis, and secondly, a combustion analysis methodology has been proposed in order to allow the combustion analysis from a more detailed point of view. In this way the combustion development is studied, and thus, the differentiation between the different combustion events that take place in the engine can be studied. All this work has been useful to define the strategies to operate the whole engine map by combining the 'lean SI' and 'CAI' combustion modes. This solution, compared to the current Euro VI engines, has presented higher efficiency values complying with the established emissions limits, showing in this way, the high potential of these combustion modes applied to 'SI' engines, as well as a real… Advisors/Committee Members: López Sánchez, José Javier (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Two-stoke engine; engines developement; CAI (Controlled Auto-Ignition); SI (Spark Ignition); Lean Combustion; advanced combustion modes; combustion analysis; instantaneous cycles; cycle to cycle variation; air-assisted injection; HRL (Heat Release Law); combustion speed.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Valero Marco, J. (2020). Analysis of the potential of SI lean combustion and CAI combustion in a two-stroke spark-assisted gasoline engine . (Doctoral Dissertation). Universitat Politècnica de València. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10251/138556

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Valero Marco, Jorge. “Analysis of the potential of SI lean combustion and CAI combustion in a two-stroke spark-assisted gasoline engine .” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, Universitat Politècnica de València. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/138556.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Valero Marco, Jorge. “Analysis of the potential of SI lean combustion and CAI combustion in a two-stroke spark-assisted gasoline engine .” 2020. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Valero Marco J. Analysis of the potential of SI lean combustion and CAI combustion in a two-stroke spark-assisted gasoline engine . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Universitat Politècnica de València; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10251/138556.

Council of Science Editors:

Valero Marco J. Analysis of the potential of SI lean combustion and CAI combustion in a two-stroke spark-assisted gasoline engine . [Doctoral Dissertation]. Universitat Politècnica de València; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10251/138556

Indian Institute of Science

28. Pandey, Sunil Kumar. Exploration And Assessment of HCCI Strategies for a Multi-Cylinder Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine.

Degree: PhD, Faculty of Engineering, 2017, Indian Institute of Science

URL: http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2720

► Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) combustion is an alternative combustion mode in which the fuel is homogeneously mixed with air and is auto-ignited by compression.… (more)

▼ Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) combustion is an alternative combustion mode in which the fuel is homogeneously mixed with air and is auto-ignited by compression. Due to charge homogeneity, this mode is characterized by low equivalence ratios and temperatures giving simultaneously low nitric oxide (NOx) and soot in diesel engines. The conventional problem of NOx-soot trade-off is avoided in this mode due to absence of diffusion combustion. This mode can be employed at part load conditions while maintaining conventional combustion at high load thus minimizing regulatory cycle emissions and reducing cost of after-treatment systems. The present study focuses on achieving this mode in a turbocharged, common rail, direct injection, four-cylinder, heavy duty diesel engine. Specifically, the work involves a combination of three-dimensional CFD simulations and experiments on this engine to assess both traditional and novel strategies related to fuel injection. The first phase of the work involved a quasi-dimensional simulation of the engine to assess potential of achieving HCCI. This was done using a zero-dimensional, single-zone HCCI combustion model with n-heptane skeletal chemistry along with a one-dimensional model of intake and exhaust systems. The feasibility of operation with realistic knock values with high EGR rate of 60% was observed. The second aspect of the work involved three-dimensional CFD simulations of the in-cylinder process with wall film prediction to evaluate injection strategies associated with Early Direct Injection (EDI). The extended Coherent Flame Model-3Zone (ECFM-3Z) was employed for combustion simulation of conventional CI and EDI, and was validated with experimental in-cylinder pressure data from the engine. A new Uniformity Index (UI) parameter was defined to assess charge homogeneity. Results showed significant in-homogeneity and presence of wall film for EDI. Simulations were conducted to assess improvement of charge homogeneity by several strategies; narrow spray cone angle, injection timing, multiple injections, intake air heating, Port Fuel Injection (PFI) as well as combination of PFI and EDI. The maximum UI achieved by EDI was 0.78. The PFI strategy could achieve UI of 0.95; however, up to 50% of fuel remained trapped in the port after valve closure. This indicated that except EDI, none of the above-mentioned strategies could help achieve the benefits of the HCCI mode. The third part of the work involved engine experimentation to assess the EDI strategy. This strategy produced lower soot than that of conventional CI combustion with very short combustion duration, but led to high knock and NOx which is attributed to pool fire burning phenomenon of the wall film, as confirmed by CFD. An Optimized EDI (OptimEDI) strategy was then developed based on results of CFD and Design of Experiments. The Optim EDI consisted of triple injections with split ratio of 41%-45%-14% and advancing the first injection. This strategy gave 20% NOx and soot reduction over the conventional CI… Advisors/Committee Members: Ravikrishna, R V (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engines (HCCI); Low Temperature Combustion; Multi-Cylinder Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines; Diesel Motor; Diesel Engines; Early Direct Injection; Air-Assisted Injection; Combustion; Diesel Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition; Diesel Fuels; Diesel-Fueled Engines; Fuel Injection; Internal Combustion Engines; Computational Fluid Dynamics; Mechanical Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Pandey, S. K. (2017). Exploration And Assessment of HCCI Strategies for a Multi-Cylinder Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine. (Doctoral Dissertation). Indian Institute of Science. Retrieved from http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2720

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pandey, Sunil Kumar. “Exploration And Assessment of HCCI Strategies for a Multi-Cylinder Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Indian Institute of Science. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2720.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pandey, Sunil Kumar. “Exploration And Assessment of HCCI Strategies for a Multi-Cylinder Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine.” 2017. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Pandey SK. Exploration And Assessment of HCCI Strategies for a Multi-Cylinder Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Indian Institute of Science; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2720.

Council of Science Editors:

Pandey SK. Exploration And Assessment of HCCI Strategies for a Multi-Cylinder Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Indian Institute of Science; 2017. Available from: http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2720

University of Colorado

29. Cameron, Drew Morales. Autoignition Studies of Gasoline Surrogate Fuels in the Advanced Fuel Ignition Delay Analyzer.

Degree: MS, Mechanical Engineering, 2017, University of Colorado

URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/mcen_gradetds/150

► Improving vehicle efficiency is a substantial way to reduce CO₂ emissions from the transportation sector. The most limiting factor of spark ignition (SI) gasoline engine… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: auto-ignition; combustion; fuel; gasoline surrogate; ignition kinetics; spark ignition engine; Advanced Fuel Ignition Delay Analyzer (AFIDA); Chemistry; Mechanical Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Cameron, D. M. (2017). Autoignition Studies of Gasoline Surrogate Fuels in the Advanced Fuel Ignition Delay Analyzer. (Masters Thesis). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/mcen_gradetds/150

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cameron, Drew Morales. “Autoignition Studies of Gasoline Surrogate Fuels in the Advanced Fuel Ignition Delay Analyzer.” 2017. Masters Thesis, University of Colorado. Accessed March 05, 2021. https://scholar.colorado.edu/mcen_gradetds/150.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cameron, Drew Morales. “Autoignition Studies of Gasoline Surrogate Fuels in the Advanced Fuel Ignition Delay Analyzer.” 2017. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Cameron DM. Autoignition Studies of Gasoline Surrogate Fuels in the Advanced Fuel Ignition Delay Analyzer. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Colorado; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/mcen_gradetds/150.

Council of Science Editors:

Cameron DM. Autoignition Studies of Gasoline Surrogate Fuels in the Advanced Fuel Ignition Delay Analyzer. [Masters Thesis]. University of Colorado; 2017. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/mcen_gradetds/150

Michigan Technological University

30. Chen, Wei. Impact of Spark Ignition Duration, Energy and Phasing on Combustion and Performance in a Gasoline Turbocharged Direct Injection Engine near the Dilute Limit.

Degree: PhD, Department of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics, 2015, Michigan Technological University

URL: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/11

► High dilution combustion is a promising technology to continue improving gasoline spark-ignition (SI) engine fuel conversion efficiency and for the reduction of nitrogen oxide… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Dual-coil Ignition System; EGR Limit; Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine; Combustion Stability; Ignition Energy; Ignition Duration; Automotive Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Chen, W. (2015). Impact of Spark Ignition Duration, Energy and Phasing on Combustion and Performance in a Gasoline Turbocharged Direct Injection Engine near the Dilute Limit. (Doctoral Dissertation). Michigan Technological University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/11

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chen, Wei. “Impact of Spark Ignition Duration, Energy and Phasing on Combustion and Performance in a Gasoline Turbocharged Direct Injection Engine near the Dilute Limit.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Michigan Technological University. Accessed March 05, 2021. https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/11.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chen, Wei. “Impact of Spark Ignition Duration, Energy and Phasing on Combustion and Performance in a Gasoline Turbocharged Direct Injection Engine near the Dilute Limit.” 2015. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Chen W. Impact of Spark Ignition Duration, Energy and Phasing on Combustion and Performance in a Gasoline Turbocharged Direct Injection Engine near the Dilute Limit. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Michigan Technological University; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/11.

Council of Science Editors:

Chen W. Impact of Spark Ignition Duration, Energy and Phasing on Combustion and Performance in a Gasoline Turbocharged Direct Injection Engine near the Dilute Limit. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Michigan Technological University; 2015. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/11

Open Access Theses and Dissertations