subject:(Soot nanostructure)

University of New South Wales

1. Zhang, Yilong. Nanostructure Analysis of In-flame Soot Particles in a Diesel Engine.

Degree: Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, 2017, University of New South Wales

URL: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/59629 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:49162/SOURCE02?view=true

► Soot particles emitted from modern diesel engines, despite significantly lower total mass, show higher reactivity and toxicity than black-smoking old engines, which cause serious health… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Soot nanostructure; Diesel engine; In-flame soot sampling; Soot morphology; TEM

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Zhang, Y. (2017). Nanostructure Analysis of In-flame Soot Particles in a Diesel Engine. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New South Wales. Retrieved from http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/59629 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:49162/SOURCE02?view=true

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zhang, Yilong. “Nanostructure Analysis of In-flame Soot Particles in a Diesel Engine.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New South Wales. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/59629 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:49162/SOURCE02?view=true.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zhang, Yilong. “Nanostructure Analysis of In-flame Soot Particles in a Diesel Engine.” 2017. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Zhang Y. Nanostructure Analysis of In-flame Soot Particles in a Diesel Engine. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/59629 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:49162/SOURCE02?view=true.

Council of Science Editors:

Zhang Y. Nanostructure Analysis of In-flame Soot Particles in a Diesel Engine. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2017. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/59629 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:49162/SOURCE02?view=true

University of Oklahoma

2. Abdihamzehkolaei, Alireza. Study of Carbon Particulates in Coflow Diffusion Vaporized Biodiesel, Diesel, and Blended Biodiesel/Diesel Air-Flames.

Degree: PhD, 2019, University of Oklahoma

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/321106

► Biodiesel, which is a biodegradable and renewable fuel, has been considered one of the best alternative fuels for diesel due to its chemical similarity. Compared… (more)

▼ Biodiesel, which is a biodegradable and renewable fuel, has been considered one of the best alternative fuels for diesel due to its chemical similarity. Compared to diesel, burning biodiesel will reduce various emissions such as particulate matter, unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide which are well-known harmful components for the environment and human health. Employment of biodiesel/diesel blends is very common as well, especially in compression-ignition (CI) engines, as allows to lessen the difficulties of using pure biodiesel and help reducing the final fuel price. Therefore, studying the impact of biodiesel on combustion emissions is of great interest and was the main motivation for the current study. Despite the established findings on biodiesel, still there is not a clear understanding of how particulate matter forms and oxidizes during the combustion of this renewable fuel. In this experimental study, a detailed evolution process of carbon particulate formation along the axial direction of various co-flow diffusion air flames is presented. The studied flames are formed by three popular biodiesels (canola methyl ester (CME), cotton methyl ester (COME), and soy methyl ester (SME)),2 diesel, and diesel/CME blending. Soot samples were collected directly from inside of the flame volume using the thermophoretic sampling technique which employs the temperature gradient to capture particles from specific flame positions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) follows the sample extraction to analyze and obtain the desired properties. The obtained evolution process provides information of particle size, liquid-like and droplet-like characteristics, fractal dimension, radius of gyration, number of primary particles per aggregates, and nanostructure of soot samples extracted from studied flames. A typical soot formation and oxidation behavior was detected inside all tested flames. However, unique structures resembling tar-like material with droplet-like characteristic were dominant inside the evaporated biodiesel and blended fuel flames. Physical properties of soot aggregates (such as fractal dimension (Df), degree of branching, aggregates skeleton and branching length) were calculated from their two-dimension projections (TEM images). Fractal analysis of TEM images aids in quantifying morphologic variations of fractal aggregates and correlating them to growth and evolution mechanism. Outside the soot inception region, distinct fractal-like morphologies were detected between biodiesel and diesel. The calculation resulted in lower Df values for aggregates generated by the tested biodiesels and blended mixtures compared to diesel indicating more open-structured soot aggregates for biodiesel and blending and more compact aggregates for diesel. However, since Df values cannot solely explain the considerable difference observed between soot clusters produced by various tested fuels, the branching and skeleton length have been employed to quantify distinguishable characteristics of soot aggregates. It… Advisors/Committee Members: Merchan-Merchan, Wilson (advisor), Crossley, Steven (committee member), Garg, Jivtesh (committee member), Liu, Yingtao (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: soot characteristics; soot morphology and nanostructure; biodiesel impact on soot

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Abdihamzehkolaei, A. (2019). Study of Carbon Particulates in Coflow Diffusion Vaporized Biodiesel, Diesel, and Blended Biodiesel/Diesel Air-Flames. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oklahoma. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/321106

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Abdihamzehkolaei, Alireza. “Study of Carbon Particulates in Coflow Diffusion Vaporized Biodiesel, Diesel, and Blended Biodiesel/Diesel Air-Flames.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oklahoma. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11244/321106.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Abdihamzehkolaei, Alireza. “Study of Carbon Particulates in Coflow Diffusion Vaporized Biodiesel, Diesel, and Blended Biodiesel/Diesel Air-Flames.” 2019. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Abdihamzehkolaei A. Study of Carbon Particulates in Coflow Diffusion Vaporized Biodiesel, Diesel, and Blended Biodiesel/Diesel Air-Flames. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oklahoma; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/321106.

Council of Science Editors:

Abdihamzehkolaei A. Study of Carbon Particulates in Coflow Diffusion Vaporized Biodiesel, Diesel, and Blended Biodiesel/Diesel Air-Flames. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oklahoma; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/321106

University of Washington

3. Davis, Justin. Characterization of combustion generated particulate matter produced in an inverted gravity flame reactor.

Degree: PhD, 2020, University of Washington

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/45096

► Many unknowns remain in the pursuit to describe the formation of combustion generated particles from first principles. Of most importance in the following thesis is… (more)

▼ Many unknowns remain in the pursuit to describe the formation of combustion generated particles from first principles. Of most importance in the following thesis is the transition from young to mature soot that is evident by the formation of a graphitic shell on the periphery of particles. An inverted gravity flame reactor (IGFR) allows for flexibility in studying the effects of residence time, temperature, and flow properties. Combustion generated particles are characterized to probe the underlying mechanisms involved in the evolution of these particles. Soot particles are characterized using experimental and computational techniques that reveal particle nanostructure and its evolution. The structure is quantified using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) followed by image processing to obtain information on the crystal properties and molecular compounds. In the third chapter, the repeated exposure of soot in the fuel-rich and the fuel-lean region is explored to find how exposure to complex flow field influences final soot properties. The recirculating flame produces soot with primary particles 2-3 times the size of a non-recirculating flame. Due to the maturity of recirculated particles, computational results, and fringe profiles, we propose a recurring surface growth by the condensation of aromatics on the surface of the particles as the reason for the increased primary particle diameter. The fourth chapter explores the role temperature and dilution play on particle nanostructure. The prevalence of a shell on the periphery of mature soot particles is confirmed for high-temperature combustion (>1700 K); at low temperatures, the isotropic nature of young soot particles is observed. The young particles contain both shorter fringes and more curved fringes, pointing to the role of curved aromatics in the formation of soot particles. Finally, several other analysis methods to characterize soot produced in the diluted flames are presented in the fifth chapter. The particles are characterized using UV-Vis absorption, Raman spectroscopy, and ROS activity. These techniques require more analysis, but all show distinct differences between soot produced in the high dilution and low dilution flames. Advisors/Committee Members: Novosselov, Igor (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: HRTEM; Nanostructure; Soot; Engineering; Molecular engineering

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Davis, J. (2020). Characterization of combustion generated particulate matter produced in an inverted gravity flame reactor. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Washington. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1773/45096

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Davis, Justin. “Characterization of combustion generated particulate matter produced in an inverted gravity flame reactor.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Washington. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/45096.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Davis, Justin. “Characterization of combustion generated particulate matter produced in an inverted gravity flame reactor.” 2020. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Davis J. Characterization of combustion generated particulate matter produced in an inverted gravity flame reactor. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Washington; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/45096.

Council of Science Editors:

Davis J. Characterization of combustion generated particulate matter produced in an inverted gravity flame reactor. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Washington; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/45096

University of Utah

4. Ghiassi, Hossein. Soot oxidation and the mechanisms of oxidation-induced fragmentation in a two-stage burner for ethylene and surrogate fuels.

Degree: PhD, Chemical Engineering, 2015, University of Utah

URL: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/4035/rec/2223

► Studies on the evolution of soot particle size distributions during the process of soot oxidation were carried out in the two-stage burner by using a… (more)

▼ Studies on the evolution of soot particle size distributions during the process of soot oxidation were carried out in the two-stage burner by using a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) for n-butanol/n-dodecane, methyl decanoate/n-dodecane, and ethylene flames. This experimental technique, along with measurements of flame temperature, gas-phase composition, surface functional groups, and soot nanostructure and morphology, allowed for identifying effective parameters during soot oxidation and the mechanisms associated with soot oxidation-induced fragmentation. The results of increasing n-butanol and methyl decanoate in n-dodecane showed a reduced sooting propensity; however, it did not enhance soot oxidative reactivities. The result of image analysis technique demonstrated a strong dependence of soot oxidation rate on the initial soot nanostructure, whereas oxygen functionalities did not matter as much. The highest soot oxidative reactivity was found for the soot nanostructure with the minimum degree of orderliness. On the other hand, the lowest oxidative reactivity was observed for the soot with the nanostructure composed of large layer planes with either low or zero curvatures. Soot oxidation-induced fragmentation was studied by using ethylene fuel. The mechanisms of soot oxidation-induced fragmentation were explored by following changes in mobility size, number and concentration, flame temperature, and gas-phase compositions. Results showed that the rate of fragmentation was inversely proportional to the peak temperature, and the onset of fragmentation depended on the presence of aggregates. In addition, two main mechanisms suggested in the literature, (i) aggregate break-up by burning bridges; (ii) primary particle break-up by O2 diffusion, were tested with the aid of an image analysis technique. The results demonstrated that bridge sites were formed by less-ordered nanostructure, resulting in a faster burning rate, suggesting aggregate fragmentation by this mechanism. The effectiveness factor calculation was used to evaluate the feasibility of primary particle breakup by O2 internal burning. It was shown the primary particle breakup for particles smaller than 10 nm becomes more probable by decreasing temperature and increasing O2 partial pressure.

Subjects/Keywords: methyl decanoate; nanostructure; n-butanol; n-dodecane; Soot fragmentation; soot oxidation

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ghiassi, H. (2015). Soot oxidation and the mechanisms of oxidation-induced fragmentation in a two-stage burner for ethylene and surrogate fuels. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Utah. Retrieved from http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/4035/rec/2223

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ghiassi, Hossein. “Soot oxidation and the mechanisms of oxidation-induced fragmentation in a two-stage burner for ethylene and surrogate fuels.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Utah. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/4035/rec/2223.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ghiassi, Hossein. “Soot oxidation and the mechanisms of oxidation-induced fragmentation in a two-stage burner for ethylene and surrogate fuels.” 2015. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Ghiassi H. Soot oxidation and the mechanisms of oxidation-induced fragmentation in a two-stage burner for ethylene and surrogate fuels. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Utah; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/4035/rec/2223.

Council of Science Editors:

Ghiassi H. Soot oxidation and the mechanisms of oxidation-induced fragmentation in a two-stage burner for ethylene and surrogate fuels. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Utah; 2015. Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/4035/rec/2223

University of Michigan

5. Sun, Chenxi. Nanostructure and Reactivity of Soot Produced from Partially Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (PCCI) Combustion and Post Injection.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2017, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/140920

► Researchers have invested significant effort on optimizing the engine operation mode while cutting down the emissions due to increasingly strict emissions regulations. This study explores… (more)

▼ Researchers have invested significant effort on optimizing the engine operation mode while cutting down the emissions due to increasingly strict emissions regulations. This study explores Partially-Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (PCCI) combustion and post injection in a light duty multicylinder turbodiesel engine to reduce particulate matter (PM) and NOx emissions without sacrificing the engine performance. Three different fuels are tested in this PCCI combustion research: Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD), diesel fuel produced via a low temperature Fischer-Tropsch process (LTFT) and a Renewable Diesel (RD). Late injection PCCI combustion can reduce NOx emissions by 76-78% and reduce soot emissions by 25-35%. High cetane number (CN), high ignition quality fuels LTFT and RD only increase CO emissions by 40-45% and THC emissions by 11-16% under late injection PCCI combustion compared to conventional combustion, while ULSD increases CO emissions by 78% and THC emissions by 24% under late injection PCCI combustion. The reaction rate constants of soot produced from late injection PCCI combustion are 1.2-2.2 times higher than soot from the conventional combustion conditions. The reaction rate constants of soot from LTFT and RD fuels are 47-66% lower than soot produced from ULSD. Soots produced from PCCI combustion have smaller graphene layers, higher surface oxygen concentration and higher portion of amorphous carbon. In addition, the primary particle and particle aggregate sizes are around 25nm and 400 nm for conventional combustion soot, while 10 nm and 150 nm for late injection PCCI combustion soot. Soots produced from LTFT and RD fuel under conventional combustion, show internal burning during oxidation. However, soots produced from late injection PCCI combustion and ULSD show shrinking core oxidation, likely because of their overall amorphous structure. Post injection is another method to reduce engine-out soot emissions while maintaining efficiency, potentially to reduce or eliminate exhaust aftertreatment. Close-coupled post injections reduce soot emissions by 11-21%, THC emissions by 14-28%, and CO emissions by 7-8%. However, NOx emissions increase by 3-5%. For long-dwell post injection condition, soot emissions are reduced by 28-33% and NOx emissions are reduced by 7-8%. CO and THC emissions do not vary much under long dwell post injection conditions. The reaction rate constants of soot from close-coupled post injection conditions increase by 10-13% compared to baseline condition, while the reaction rate constants of soot from long dwell post injection conditions decrease by 37-39% compared to baseline condition. Moreover, with the increase of injection dwell and post injection size, soot surface oxygen content and amorphous carbon content increase. This explains the change in reactivity of soot from different injection dwells. Primary soot particle and particle aggregate sizes do not vary much with post injection. Soot from post injection conditions all show shrinking core type oxidation without graphene… Advisors/Committee Members: Boehman, Andre L (committee member), Lastoskie, Christian M (committee member), Violi, Angela (committee member), Wooldridge, Margaret S (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: advanced combustion; soot reactivity; PCCI combustion; post injection; soot nanostructure; renewable diesel; Mechanical Engineering; Engineering

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Sun, C. (2017). Nanostructure and Reactivity of Soot Produced from Partially Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (PCCI) Combustion and Post Injection. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/140920

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sun, Chenxi. “Nanostructure and Reactivity of Soot Produced from Partially Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (PCCI) Combustion and Post Injection.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/140920.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sun, Chenxi. “Nanostructure and Reactivity of Soot Produced from Partially Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (PCCI) Combustion and Post Injection.” 2017. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Sun C. Nanostructure and Reactivity of Soot Produced from Partially Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (PCCI) Combustion and Post Injection. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/140920.

Council of Science Editors:

Sun C. Nanostructure and Reactivity of Soot Produced from Partially Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (PCCI) Combustion and Post Injection. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/140920

6. Zhang, Hailong. Study on non-catalytic and catalytic reactivity of Biodiesel and model soot : 生物柴油和模型碳烟的非催化与催化活性研究.

Degree: Docteur es, Sciences mécaniques, acoustique, électronique et robotique, 2019, Sorbonne université; Sichuan University

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS438

►

Le diesel a été largement utilisé dans le secteur automobile en raison de son efficacité élevée, de sa durabilité et de ses faibles coûts. Cependant,… (more)

▼

Le diesel a été largement utilisé dans le secteur automobile en raison de son efficacité élevée, de sa durabilité et de ses faibles coûts. Cependant, les émissions de particules provenant des gaz d'échappement diesel ont entraîné une grave pollution de l'environnement et une menace pour la santé humaine. Le système de post-traitement « filtre à particules » en combinant des réactions catalytiques est aujourd’hui considéré comme une solution efficace pour respecter les normes. Les matériaux de type oxydes mixtes MnOx-CeO2 ont une capacité rédox et une capacité de stockage d’oxygène élevée. Ils ont été largement étudiés et utilisés comme catalyseurs prometteurs dans les réactions d’oxydation des suies. Dans cette étude, il a été constaté que l'adsorption/désorption de NO sur le catalyseur MnOx-CeO2 favorisait la réactivité à basse température de la suie en raison des modifications des états Ce/Mn en surface et d'une augmentation des lacunes d'oxygène. De plus, les espèces d'oxygène actif générées par la décomposition des nitrates jouent un rôle important lors de l'oxydation favorisée de la suie. Nous avons montré que les réactivités non catalytiques et catalytiques de biodiesel réel et d'échantillons de suie modèles étaient en outre corrélées aux propriétés structurelles de la suie. En présence de MnOx-CeO2, la réactivité de la suie dépend aussi bien de la composition du gaz réactif que du contact catalyseur/suie. En outre, l'activation de la suie sous O2 joue un rôle positif sur ses propriétés structurelles et de surface et améliore ainsi sa réactivité. Finalement, une véritable suie de biodiesel a été imprégnée par Na, K ou P, les résultats de réactivité ont montré que les métaux alcalins, Na et K, avaient un effet positif sur l’oxydation de la suie, mais que le phosphore présentait lui une inhibition.

Diesel has been widely applied in the vehicle field due to its high efficiency, durability and low costs. However, the high emissions of particulate matter (PM) from Diesel exhaust gas have led to severe environmental pollution and human health threat. DPF aftertreatment system that combines the catalytic reactions is considered to be an efficient solution to meet the restrictive emission standards. MnOx-CeO2 mixed oxides have high redox ability and oxygen storage capacity, thus they as promising catalysts have been widely studied and employed in soot oxidation reactions. In the present research, it was found that NO adsorption/desorption on MnOx-CeO2 catalyst promoted the low-temperature reactivity of soot due to the changes in the surface Ce/Mn states and an increase of oxygen vacancies. Moreover, the active oxygen species generated from nitrates decomposition played an important role during the promoted soot oxidation. It was revealed that non-catalytic and catalytic reactivities of real Biodiesel and model soot samples were furthermore correlated with soot structural properties. In the presence of the MnOx-CeO2 catalyst, soot reactivity also depended both on reactant gas composition and on soot-catalyst contact.…

Advisors/Committee Members: Da Costa, Patrick (thesis director), Chen, Yaoqiang (thesis director).

Subjects/Keywords: Suie de biodiesel; Suie modèle; Réactivité catalytique; Nanostructure; MnOx-CeO2; Biodiesel soot; Model soot; Catalytic reactivity; Nanostructure; MnOx-CeO2; 547.215; 660.2995

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Zhang, H. (2019). Study on non-catalytic and catalytic reactivity of Biodiesel and model soot : 生物柴油和模型碳烟的非催化与催化活性研究. (Doctoral Dissertation). Sorbonne université; Sichuan University. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS438

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zhang, Hailong. “Study on non-catalytic and catalytic reactivity of Biodiesel and model soot : 生物柴油和模型碳烟的非催化与催化活性研究.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Sorbonne université; Sichuan University. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS438.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zhang, Hailong. “Study on non-catalytic and catalytic reactivity of Biodiesel and model soot : 生物柴油和模型碳烟的非催化与催化活性研究.” 2019. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Zhang H. Study on non-catalytic and catalytic reactivity of Biodiesel and model soot : 生物柴油和模型碳烟的非催化与催化活性研究. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Sorbonne université; Sichuan University; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS438.

Council of Science Editors:

Zhang H. Study on non-catalytic and catalytic reactivity of Biodiesel and model soot : 生物柴油和模型碳烟的非催化与催化活性研究. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Sorbonne université; Sichuan University; 2019. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS438

University of Toronto

7. Kholghy, Mohammad Reza. The Effects of Fuel Chemistry and Particle Maturity on Soot Formation.

Degree: PhD, 2017, University of Toronto

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/82842

► A criterion to define soot maturity, a theoretical modeling approach to simulate it, and its effects on the surface reactivity of soot primary particles in… (more)

▼ A criterion to define soot maturity, a theoretical modeling approach to simulate it, and its effects on the surface reactivity of soot primary particles in laminar premixed and diffusion flames are presented in the first two chapters. It is shown that the core-shell internal nanostructure of soot primary particles is a function of the overall soot Hydrogen to Carbon (H/C) ratio and can be used to distinguish nascent from mature soot primary particles. The importance of considering dehydrogenation to predict the H/C ratio and maturity of soot is illustrated. It is shown that the decay of soot surface reactivity with maturity, i.e. soot aging, is a strong function of the internal nanostructure of soot primary particles. The necessity of simulating soot maturity for comparison with experimental measurements is discussed. Structural effects of biodiesel in terms of unsaturation, i.e. C-C double bond, its position, and the presence of the ester moiety on soot formation are investigated in chapters four and five. It is shown that unsaturation increases soot formation by higher production of soot chemical growth species while more centrally located double bond increases soot formation by producing more soot nucleating species. However, the ester moiety decreases soot formation by reducing the concentration of soot chemical growth species such as acetylene. Several experimental techniques for measuring flame temperature, soot volume fraction, primary particle diameter, and aggregate structure are compared to each other in the last chapter. It is shown that Time Resolved Laser Induced Incandescence is the most reliable method to measure the volume fraction and the primary particle diameter of mature soot particles. The sensitivity of thermocouple measurements to radiation correction is analyzed and it is shown that for accurate temperature measurement with a thermocouple, it is essential to use a locally measured variable emissivity to estimate radiation cooling effects. Advisors/Committee Members: Thomson, Murray J, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering.

Subjects/Keywords: Biodiesel; Chemical Mechanism; Combustion; Core Shell nanostructure; Laser Diagnostics; Soot; 0791

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kholghy, M. R. (2017). The Effects of Fuel Chemistry and Particle Maturity on Soot Formation. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Toronto. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1807/82842

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kholghy, Mohammad Reza. “The Effects of Fuel Chemistry and Particle Maturity on Soot Formation.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Toronto. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/82842.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kholghy, Mohammad Reza. “The Effects of Fuel Chemistry and Particle Maturity on Soot Formation.” 2017. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Kholghy MR. The Effects of Fuel Chemistry and Particle Maturity on Soot Formation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Toronto; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/82842.

Council of Science Editors:

Kholghy MR. The Effects of Fuel Chemistry and Particle Maturity on Soot Formation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Toronto; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/82842

Penn State University

8. Al-Qurashi, Khalid O. THE IMPACT OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION ON THE OXIDATIVE REACTIVITY OF SOOT FROM ETHYLENE FLAMES AND DIESEL ENGINES .

Degree: 2008, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/7746

► Restrictive emissions standards to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions from diesel engines necessitate the development of advanced emission control technology. The… (more)

▼ Restrictive emissions standards to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions from diesel engines necessitate the development of advanced emission control technology. The engine manufacturers in the United States have implemented the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and diesel particulate filters (DPF) to meet the stringent emissions limits on NOx and PM, respectively. Although the EGR-DPF system is an effective means to control diesel engine emissions, there are some concerns associated with its implementation. The chief concern with this system is the DPF regenerability, which depends upon several factors, among which are the physico-chemical properties of the soot. Despite the plethora of research that has been conducted on DPF regenerability, the impact of EGR on soot reactivity and DPF regenerability is yet to be examined. This work concerns the impact of EGR on the oxidative reactivity of diesel soot. It is part of ongoing research to bridge the gap in establishing a relationship between soot formation conditions, properties, and reactivity. This work is divided into three phases. In the first phase, carbon dioxide (CO2) was added to the intake charge of a single cylinder engine via cylinders of compressed CO2. This approach simulates the cold-particle-free EGR. The results showed that inclusion of CO2 changes the soot properties and yields synergistic effects on the oxidative reactivity of the resulting soot. The second phase of this research was motivated by the findings from the first phase. In this phase, post-flame ethylene soot was produced from a laboratory co-flow laminar diffusion flame to better understand the mechanism by which the CO2 affects soot reactivity. This phase was accomplished by successfully isolating the dilution, thermal, and chemical effects of the CO2. The results showed that all of these effects account for a measurable increase in soot reactivity. Nevertheless, the thermal effect was found to be the most important factor governing the soot reactivity. In the third phase of this research, diesel soot was generated under 0 and 20% EGR using a four-cylinder, four-stroke, turbocharged common rail direct injection (DI) DDC diesel engine. The objective of this work was to examine the relevance of the single cylinder engine and flame studies to practical engine operation. The key engine parameters such as load, speed, and injection timing were kept constant to isolate the EGR effect on soot properties from any other engine effects. The thermokinetic analyses of the flame soot and engine soot showed a significant increase in soot oxidation rate as a result of the CO2 or EGR inclusion into the combustion process. The activation energy of soot oxidation was found to be independent of soot origin or formation history. The increase in soot oxidation rate is attributed solely to the increase in soot active sites, which are presented implicitly in the pre-exponential factor (A) of the oxidation rate equation. This latter statement was confirmed by… Advisors/Committee Members: Andre Louis Boehman, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Angela Lueking, Committee Member, Richard A Yetter, Committee Member, Yaw D Yeboah, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: Oxidation; Nanostructure; EGR; Diesel; Soot; Flame

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Al-Qurashi, K. O. (2008). THE IMPACT OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION ON THE OXIDATIVE REACTIVITY OF SOOT FROM ETHYLENE FLAMES AND DIESEL ENGINES . (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/7746

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Al-Qurashi, Khalid O. “THE IMPACT OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION ON THE OXIDATIVE REACTIVITY OF SOOT FROM ETHYLENE FLAMES AND DIESEL ENGINES .” 2008. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/7746.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Al-Qurashi, Khalid O. “THE IMPACT OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION ON THE OXIDATIVE REACTIVITY OF SOOT FROM ETHYLENE FLAMES AND DIESEL ENGINES .” 2008. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Al-Qurashi KO. THE IMPACT OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION ON THE OXIDATIVE REACTIVITY OF SOOT FROM ETHYLENE FLAMES AND DIESEL ENGINES . [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2008. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/7746.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Al-Qurashi KO. THE IMPACT OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION ON THE OXIDATIVE REACTIVITY OF SOOT FROM ETHYLENE FLAMES AND DIESEL ENGINES . [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2008. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/7746

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

9. Singh, Madhu. Measurement, Characterization, Identification and Control of Combustion Produced Soot.

Degree: 2019, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16216mus374

► The negative health implications associated with combustion produced soot demand identification of contributing sources, quantification and characterization of their emissions to assess its impact, and… (more)

▼ The negative health implications associated with combustion produced soot demand identification of contributing sources, quantification and characterization of their emissions to assess its impact, and control to minimize the imposed hazard. Distinguishing different sources of soot from engines and combustors is challenging, given the morphological and chemical similarity of the emitted soot. Leaner combustion conditions and tighter emission limits challenge traditional filter-based measurements for soot mass. Meanwhile, current after-treatment particulate control strategies are based on regeneration, i.e., soot oxidation which in turn depends upon soot nanostructure and composition (such as in a diesel particulate filter). Presently, effects on human health associated with soot exposure are largely correlative, while controlled lab studies predominantly use varied washings or extracts of soot, but rarely the actual particulate. Given the intertwined nature of these topics this dissertation addresses each in an integrated approach. Laser-induced incandescence (LII) is used to determine soot concentration while Time-resolved LII (TiRe-LII) can be used to estimate soot primary particle size largely by using available and appropriate models. The use of laser diagnostics has been used to experimentally demonstrate prevailing inconsistencies between experimentally measured and model-derived particle diameter values. Discrepancies have been attributed (a) to the empiricism associated with evaluating modeling variables and (b) to the lack of proper accountability of the changes in soot nanostructure upon heating with a pulsed laser. This work uses an experimental approach coupled with microscopy to (a) test the robustness of existing LII models and (b) inform existing models of experimental observations so that these can be accounted for in future models. Specifically, the contribution of changing soot nanostructure on laser heating is known and is shown here again with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). However, the change in soot’s optical properties because of an altered nanostructure remains unclear. Optical properties change when soot is laser-heated, and this alteration of optical properties upon laser heat treatment has been shown in this work experimentally, by using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Also, the effect of the degree of aggregation on the soot’s cooling profile is highlighted. This work demonstrates that different degrees of aggregation results in a shift of the time-temperature-history (TTH), thereby resulting in erroneous particle size predictions, which are calculated from the material’s TTH. Unfortunately, most models assume point-contacting spheres and aggregation remains unaccounted for. The effect of the thermal accommodation coefficient is similar in that a small change in the value of this mathematical parameter significantly alters particle cooling as simulated here by an open-access simulator, indicating the need to exercise caution when assigning a value to this parameter in the model. While the… Advisors/Committee Members: Randy Lee Vander Wal, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Randy Lee Vander Wal, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Chunshan Song, Committee Member, Ramakrishnan Rajagopalan, Committee Member, Patricia Silveyra, Outside Member.

Subjects/Keywords: Carbon; Soot; Nanostructure; Microscopy; Spectroscopy; TEM; Carbon Black Functionalization; Laser-induced Incandescence; LII; Soot Source Identification; SSILD; Laser Derivatization; Time-resolved LII; Carbon Characterization; Health effects of combustion soot; Cytotoxicity; Diesel Particulate Filter; DPF; Cell viability; BEAS-2B male lung cells; XPS; XRD; TGA; Soot oxidation; NO2 Oxidation; TiRe-LII; Carbonizaton; graphitization

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Singh, M. (2019). Measurement, Characterization, Identification and Control of Combustion Produced Soot. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16216mus374

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Singh, Madhu. “Measurement, Characterization, Identification and Control of Combustion Produced Soot.” 2019. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16216mus374.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Singh, Madhu. “Measurement, Characterization, Identification and Control of Combustion Produced Soot.” 2019. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Singh M. Measurement, Characterization, Identification and Control of Combustion Produced Soot. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16216mus374.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Singh M. Measurement, Characterization, Identification and Control of Combustion Produced Soot. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2019. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16216mus374

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

10. Levinthal, Joseph Douglas. Investigation of soot oxidation kinetics, nanostructure, and surface elemental analysis.

Degree: MS, Chemical Engineering, 2013, University of Utah

URL: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/2690/rec/1424

► The goal of this research was to provide a better understanding of how soot oxidation kinetics are affected by nanostructure, surface functional groups (SFGs) ,… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Combustion; High resolution transmission electron spectroscopy (HRTEM); Kinetics; Nanostructure; Soot; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

…6.2.3 Investigation of Soot Nanostructure and Soot Oxidation Reactivity… …role that soot nanostructure has in soot oxidation as a function of surface functional groups… …nanostructure of the soot using High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM)… …images and image analysis software to determine what effect soot nanostructure has on the… …nanostructure and kinetic rate of soot oxidation, and (5) determine 3 the effect surface…

14 more images…

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Levinthal, J. D. (2013). Investigation of soot oxidation kinetics, nanostructure, and surface elemental analysis. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Utah. Retrieved from http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/2690/rec/1424

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Levinthal, Joseph Douglas. “Investigation of soot oxidation kinetics, nanostructure, and surface elemental analysis.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Utah. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/2690/rec/1424.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Levinthal, Joseph Douglas. “Investigation of soot oxidation kinetics, nanostructure, and surface elemental analysis.” 2013. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Levinthal JD. Investigation of soot oxidation kinetics, nanostructure, and surface elemental analysis. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Utah; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/2690/rec/1424.

Council of Science Editors:

Levinthal JD. Investigation of soot oxidation kinetics, nanostructure, and surface elemental analysis. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Utah; 2013. Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/2690/rec/1424

		in
And / Or
		in
And / Or
		in
And / Or
		in

Open Access Theses and Dissertations