subject:(Soot morphology)

University of New South Wales

1. Zhang, Yilong. Nanostructure Analysis of In-flame Soot Particles in a Diesel Engine.

Degree: Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, 2017, University of New South Wales

URL: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/59629 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:49162/SOURCE02?view=true

► Soot particles emitted from modern diesel engines, despite significantly lower total mass, show higher reactivity and toxicity than black-smoking old engines, which cause serious health… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Soot nanostructure; Diesel engine; In-flame soot sampling; Soot morphology; TEM

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Zhang, Y. (2017). Nanostructure Analysis of In-flame Soot Particles in a Diesel Engine. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New South Wales. Retrieved from http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/59629 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:49162/SOURCE02?view=true

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zhang, Yilong. “Nanostructure Analysis of In-flame Soot Particles in a Diesel Engine.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New South Wales. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/59629 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:49162/SOURCE02?view=true.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zhang, Yilong. “Nanostructure Analysis of In-flame Soot Particles in a Diesel Engine.” 2017. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Zhang Y. Nanostructure Analysis of In-flame Soot Particles in a Diesel Engine. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/59629 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:49162/SOURCE02?view=true.

Council of Science Editors:

Zhang Y. Nanostructure Analysis of In-flame Soot Particles in a Diesel Engine. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2017. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/59629 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:49162/SOURCE02?view=true

University of Oklahoma

2. Abdihamzehkolaei, Alireza. Study of Carbon Particulates in Coflow Diffusion Vaporized Biodiesel, Diesel, and Blended Biodiesel/Diesel Air-Flames.

Degree: PhD, 2019, University of Oklahoma

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/321106

► Biodiesel, which is a biodegradable and renewable fuel, has been considered one of the best alternative fuels for diesel due to its chemical similarity. Compared… (more)

▼ Biodiesel, which is a biodegradable and renewable fuel, has been considered one of the best alternative fuels for diesel due to its chemical similarity. Compared to diesel, burning biodiesel will reduce various emissions such as particulate matter, unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide which are well-known harmful components for the environment and human health. Employment of biodiesel/diesel blends is very common as well, especially in compression-ignition (CI) engines, as allows to lessen the difficulties of using pure biodiesel and help reducing the final fuel price. Therefore, studying the impact of biodiesel on combustion emissions is of great interest and was the main motivation for the current study. Despite the established findings on biodiesel, still there is not a clear understanding of how particulate matter forms and oxidizes during the combustion of this renewable fuel. In this experimental study, a detailed evolution process of carbon particulate formation along the axial direction of various co-flow diffusion air flames is presented. The studied flames are formed by three popular biodiesels (canola methyl ester (CME), cotton methyl ester (COME), and soy methyl ester (SME)),2 diesel, and diesel/CME blending. Soot samples were collected directly from inside of the flame volume using the thermophoretic sampling technique which employs the temperature gradient to capture particles from specific flame positions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) follows the sample extraction to analyze and obtain the desired properties. The obtained evolution process provides information of particle size, liquid-like and droplet-like characteristics, fractal dimension, radius of gyration, number of primary particles per aggregates, and nanostructure of soot samples extracted from studied flames. A typical soot formation and oxidation behavior was detected inside all tested flames. However, unique structures resembling tar-like material with droplet-like characteristic were dominant inside the evaporated biodiesel and blended fuel flames. Physical properties of soot aggregates (such as fractal dimension (Df), degree of branching, aggregates skeleton and branching length) were calculated from their two-dimension projections (TEM images). Fractal analysis of TEM images aids in quantifying morphologic variations of fractal aggregates and correlating them to growth and evolution mechanism. Outside the soot inception region, distinct fractal-like morphologies were detected between biodiesel and diesel. The calculation resulted in lower Df values for aggregates generated by the tested biodiesels and blended mixtures compared to diesel indicating more open-structured soot aggregates for biodiesel and blending and more compact aggregates for diesel. However, since Df values cannot solely explain the considerable difference observed between soot clusters produced by various tested fuels, the branching and skeleton length have been employed to quantify distinguishable characteristics of soot aggregates. It… Advisors/Committee Members: Merchan-Merchan, Wilson (advisor), Crossley, Steven (committee member), Garg, Jivtesh (committee member), Liu, Yingtao (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: soot characteristics; soot morphology and nanostructure; biodiesel impact on soot

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APA (6^th Edition):

Abdihamzehkolaei, A. (2019). Study of Carbon Particulates in Coflow Diffusion Vaporized Biodiesel, Diesel, and Blended Biodiesel/Diesel Air-Flames. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oklahoma. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/321106

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Abdihamzehkolaei, Alireza. “Study of Carbon Particulates in Coflow Diffusion Vaporized Biodiesel, Diesel, and Blended Biodiesel/Diesel Air-Flames.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oklahoma. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11244/321106.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Abdihamzehkolaei, Alireza. “Study of Carbon Particulates in Coflow Diffusion Vaporized Biodiesel, Diesel, and Blended Biodiesel/Diesel Air-Flames.” 2019. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Abdihamzehkolaei A. Study of Carbon Particulates in Coflow Diffusion Vaporized Biodiesel, Diesel, and Blended Biodiesel/Diesel Air-Flames. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oklahoma; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/321106.

Council of Science Editors:

Abdihamzehkolaei A. Study of Carbon Particulates in Coflow Diffusion Vaporized Biodiesel, Diesel, and Blended Biodiesel/Diesel Air-Flames. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oklahoma; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/321106

Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki (AUTH); Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης (ΑΠΘ)

3. Zygogianni, Alexandra. Χαρακτηρισμός μορφολογίας, σύστασης και δραστικότητας νανοσωματιδίων από διεργασίες αερολυμάτων υψηλών θερμοκρασιών.

Degree: 2019, Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki (AUTH); Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης (ΑΠΘ)

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/47189

►

The goal of this research is to provide a better understanding of the oxidative reactivity of particulate matter and how this reactivity is affected by… (more)

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The goal of this research is to provide a better understanding of the oxidative reactivity of particulate matter and how this reactivity is affected by morphology, nanostructure of nanoparticles and their composition. The soot particles studied are a group of materials emitted from different combustion modes diesel engine (conventional and non-conventional) and different sources (vehicle and marine engines). Commercially available graphite and carbon black, were also studied as benchmark low reactivity materials. Recent research has shown that different soot samples exhibit a different degree of reactivity, which is highly dependent on the morphology and nanostructure of the nanoparticles that vary according to the fuel combustion conditions. Thus, it is necessary to better understand and investigate the factors affecting soot oxidation. An interpretation of the differences of soot oxidation among all materials was attempted based on the average particle size, their specific surface area, the degree of nanostructure organization, the crystallite size and the functional groups found on the soot surface. Small structural differences were observed among the carbon samples which seem to directly affect the soot reactivity in terms of oxidation. Particulate matter composition (hydrogen to carbon ratio, ash content and volatile matter) appeared to have an impact on the soot reactivity.

Αντικείμενο της παρούσας έρευνας αποτέλεσε η καλύτερη κατανόηση της δραστικότητας ως προς την οξείδωση που παρουσιάζουν τα σωματιδία αιθάλης και πώς αυτή επηρεάζεται από τη μορφολογία, τη νανοδομή και τη σύστασή τους. Τα σωματίδια αιθάλης που μελετήθηκαν αποτελούν μια ομάδα υλικών που συλλέχθηκαν από διαφορετικούς κινητήρες εσωτερικής καύσης diesel (συμβατικούς και μη-συμβατικούς) και από διαφορετικές πηγές (κινητήρες οχημάτων και πλοίου). Εμπορικά διαθέσιμα υλικά, όπως ο γραφίτης και το Carbon Black, μελετήθηκαν επίσης ως υλικά αναφοράς καθώς επιδεικνύουν μικρή δραστικότητα. Πρόσφατες έρευνες έχουν δείξει ότι διαφορετικές αιθάλες εμφανίζουν διαφορετικό βαθμό δραστικότητας, η οποία εξαρτάται σε μεγάλο βαθμό από τη μορφολογία και τη νανοδομή των σωματιδίων, χαρακτηριστικά τα οποία διαφέρουν ανάλογα με τις συνθήκες πυρόλυσης του καυσίμου. Για το σκοπό αυτό κρίνεται αναγκαία η διερεύνηση των παραγόντων που επηρεάζουν την οξείδωση της αιθάλης. Μία ερμηνεία των διαφορών στην οξειδωτική δραστικότητα ανάμεσα σε όλα τα δείγματα αιθάλης επιχειρήθηκε με βάση το μέσο μέγεθος των σωματιδίων, την ειδική επιφάνεια αυτών, το βαθμό οργάνωσης της νανοδομής, το μέγεθος του κρυσταλλίτη και τις λειτουργικές ομάδες που υπάρχουν στην επιφάνεια της αιθάλης. Παρατηρήθηκαν μικρές δομικές διαφορές μεταξύ των δειγμάτων που φαίνεται να επηρεάζουν άμεσα την οξειδωτική δραστικότητά τους. Η σύσταση των σωματιδίων (περιεκτικότητα σε άνθρακα, υδρογόνο, τέφρα και πτητική ύλη) φαίνεται επίσης να επηρεάζει τη δραστικότητα της αιθάλης.

Subjects/Keywords: Σωματίδια αιθάλης κινητήρων diesel; Μορφολογία αιθάλης; Μικροδομή αιθάλης; Οξείδωση αιθάλης; Diesel soot particles; Soot morphology; Soot microstructure; Soot oxidation

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Zygogianni, A. (2019). Χαρακτηρισμός μορφολογίας, σύστασης και δραστικότητας νανοσωματιδίων από διεργασίες αερολυμάτων υψηλών θερμοκρασιών. (Thesis). Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki (AUTH); Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης (ΑΠΘ). Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/47189

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zygogianni, Alexandra. “Χαρακτηρισμός μορφολογίας, σύστασης και δραστικότητας νανοσωματιδίων από διεργασίες αερολυμάτων υψηλών θερμοκρασιών.” 2019. Thesis, Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki (AUTH); Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης (ΑΠΘ). Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/47189.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zygogianni, Alexandra. “Χαρακτηρισμός μορφολογίας, σύστασης και δραστικότητας νανοσωματιδίων από διεργασίες αερολυμάτων υψηλών θερμοκρασιών.” 2019. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Zygogianni A. Χαρακτηρισμός μορφολογίας, σύστασης και δραστικότητας νανοσωματιδίων από διεργασίες αερολυμάτων υψηλών θερμοκρασιών. [Internet] [Thesis]. Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki (AUTH); Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης (ΑΠΘ); 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/47189.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Zygogianni A. Χαρακτηρισμός μορφολογίας, σύστασης και δραστικότητας νανοσωματιδίων από διεργασίες αερολυμάτων υψηλών θερμοκρασιών. [Thesis]. Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki (AUTH); Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης (ΑΠΘ); 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/47189

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Michigan Technological University

4. Bhandari, Janarjan. MORPHOLOGY AND MIXING STATE OF SOOT AND TAR BALLS: IMPLICATIONS FOR OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND CLIMATE.

Degree: PhD, Department of Physics, 2018, Michigan Technological University

URL: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/710

► Soot particles form during incomplete combustion of carbonaceous materials. These particles strongly absorb light and directly affect Earth’s climate by warming our atmosphere. When… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: soot; morphology; mixing state; optical properties; tar ball; thermodenuding; Atmospheric Sciences

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Bhandari, J. (2018). MORPHOLOGY AND MIXING STATE OF SOOT AND TAR BALLS: IMPLICATIONS FOR OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND CLIMATE. (Doctoral Dissertation). Michigan Technological University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/710

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bhandari, Janarjan. “MORPHOLOGY AND MIXING STATE OF SOOT AND TAR BALLS: IMPLICATIONS FOR OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND CLIMATE.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Michigan Technological University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/710.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bhandari, Janarjan. “MORPHOLOGY AND MIXING STATE OF SOOT AND TAR BALLS: IMPLICATIONS FOR OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND CLIMATE.” 2018. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Bhandari J. MORPHOLOGY AND MIXING STATE OF SOOT AND TAR BALLS: IMPLICATIONS FOR OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND CLIMATE. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Michigan Technological University; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/710.

Council of Science Editors:

Bhandari J. MORPHOLOGY AND MIXING STATE OF SOOT AND TAR BALLS: IMPLICATIONS FOR OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND CLIMATE. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Michigan Technological University; 2018. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/710

King Abdullah University of Science and Technology

5. Amin, Hafiz. Investigating Soot Morphology in Counterflow Flames at Elevated Pressures.

Degree: Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, 2018, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10754/627373

► Practical combustion devices such as gas turbines and diesel engines operate at high pressures to increase their efficiency. Pressure significantly increases the overall soot yield.… (more)

▼ Practical combustion devices such as gas turbines and diesel engines operate at high pressures to increase their efficiency. Pressure significantly increases the overall soot yield. Morphology of these ultra-fine particles determines their airborne lifetime and their interaction with the human respiratory system. Therefore, investigating soot morphology at high pressure is of practical relevance. In this work, a novel experimental setup has been designed and built to study the soot morphology at elevated pressures. The experimental setup consists of a pressure vessel, which can provide optical access from 10° to 165° for multi-angle light scattering, and a counterflow burner which produces laminar flames at elevated pressures. In the first part of the study, N2-diluted ethylene/air and ethane air counterflow flames are stabilized from 2 to 5 atm. Two-angle light scattering and extinction technique have been used to study the effects of pressure on soot parameters. Path averaged soot volume fraction is found to be very sensitive to pressure and increased significantly from 2 to 5 atm. Primary particle size and aggregate size also increased with pressure. Multi-angle light scattering is also performed and flames are investigated from 3 to 5 atm. Scattering to absorption ratio is calculated from multi-angle light scattering and extinction data. Scattering to absorption ratio increased with pressure whereas the number of primary particles in an aggregate decreased with increasing pressure. In the next part of the study, Thermophoretic Sampling of soot is performed, in counterflow flames from 3 to 10 atm, followed by transmission electron microscopy. Mean primary particle size increased with pressure and these trends are consistent withour light scattering measurements. Fractal properties of soot aggregates are found to be insensitive to pressure. 2D diffused light line of sight attenuation (LOSA) and Laser Induced Incandescence (LII) are used to measure local soot volume fraction from 2 to 10 atm. Local soot volume fraction increased with pressure and soot concentration profiles showed good agreements when measured by both techniques. Experimental data obtained in this work is very helpful for the modelers for validating their codes and predicting the soot formation in pressurized flames. Advisors/Committee Members: Roberts, William L. (advisor), Sarathy, Mani (committee member), Knio, Omar (committee member), Magnotti, Gaetano (committee member), Koylu, Umit O. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: soot morphology; light scattering; pressurized counterflows flames; primary particle size; fractal properties of soot; thermophoretic sampling

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APA (6^th Edition):

Amin, H. (2018). Investigating Soot Morphology in Counterflow Flames at Elevated Pressures. (Thesis). King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10754/627373

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Amin, Hafiz. “Investigating Soot Morphology in Counterflow Flames at Elevated Pressures.” 2018. Thesis, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/627373.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Amin, Hafiz. “Investigating Soot Morphology in Counterflow Flames at Elevated Pressures.” 2018. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Amin H. Investigating Soot Morphology in Counterflow Flames at Elevated Pressures. [Internet] [Thesis]. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10754/627373.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Amin H. Investigating Soot Morphology in Counterflow Flames at Elevated Pressures. [Thesis]. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10754/627373

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Michigan Technological University

6. Sharma, Sagar. THE EMISSION AND PARTICULATE MATTER OXIDATION PERFORMANCE OF A SCR CATALYST ON A DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER WITH A DOWNSTREAM SCR.

Degree: MS, Department of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics, 2017, Michigan Technological University

URL: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/464

► Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems along with a NH₃ slip control catalyst (ASC) offers NOₓ conversion efficiency >90 % with NH₃ slip < 20… (more)

▼ Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems along with a NH₃ slip control catalyst (ASC) offers NOₓ conversion efficiency >90 % with NH₃ slip < 20 ppm. However, future heavy duty diesel (HDD) engines are designed for higher engine-out NOₓ to improve fuel consumption. Consequently, there is a strong desire to further improve the NOₓ reduction performance of SCR systems, to meet the 2015 California Optional Low NOₓ Standard. SCR catalysts on a diesel particulate filter provide an effective solution to reduce NOₓ and PM using a single aftertreatment device. It also provides an opportunity to increase the SCR volume to achieve NOₓ conversion efficiency >95 %. A downstream SCR catalyst substrate can be used to get additional NO_x conversion by using the SCRF^® outlet NH₃ to increase the cumulative NOₓ conversion of the system. In this study, NOₓ reduction, NH₃ slip and PM oxidation performance of a Cu-zeolite SCRF^® with a downstream Cu-zeolite SCR were investigated based on engine experimental data at steady state conditions. The experimental data were collected at varying SCRF^® inlet temperatures, space velocities, inlet NOₓ concentrations, NO₂/ NOₓ ratios at ammonia to NO_x ratios (ANR) between 1.02 to 1.10. The results demonstrated that the SCRF^® with downstream SCR together can achieve NOₓ conversion efficiency > 98% at ANRs between 1.02 – 1.10 (which may have been due to measurement inaccuracies in downstream SCRF^®/SCRdata), for the inlet temperature range of 200 – 370°C, space velocity in the range of 10 to 34 k/hr and inlet NO₂/ NOₓ in the range of 0.3 – 0.5. However, NH₃ slip from the SCRF^® decreases and NOₓ concentration downstream of the SCRF^® increases with the oxidation of PM in the SCRF^®. The PM oxidation kinetics are affected by the deNOₓ reactions, hence, the SCRF^® with urea dosing showed ~80 % lower reaction rates during passive oxidation when compared to the production CPF. The effect of varying fuel rail injection pressure on the primary particle diameter and on the Elemental Carbon (EC) and Organic Carbon (OC) fraction of the total carbon was also studied. The primary particle diameter was found to be in the range of 28-30 nm with no effect of the variation in fuel rail injection pressure on it. The OC part of the Total Carbon (TC) did not vary significantly with fuel rail injection pressure. The EC content increased with decrease in fuel rail injection pressure. Advisors/Committee Members: Jeffrey D. Naber, John H. Johnson.

Subjects/Keywords: SCRF; Passive Oxidation; NOx; NH3 Slip; Soot Morphology; SCR; Heat Transfer, Combustion; Other Mechanical Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Sharma, S. (2017). THE EMISSION AND PARTICULATE MATTER OXIDATION PERFORMANCE OF A SCR CATALYST ON A DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER WITH A DOWNSTREAM SCR. (Masters Thesis). Michigan Technological University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/464

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sharma, Sagar. “THE EMISSION AND PARTICULATE MATTER OXIDATION PERFORMANCE OF A SCR CATALYST ON A DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER WITH A DOWNSTREAM SCR.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Michigan Technological University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/464.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sharma, Sagar. “THE EMISSION AND PARTICULATE MATTER OXIDATION PERFORMANCE OF A SCR CATALYST ON A DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER WITH A DOWNSTREAM SCR.” 2017. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Sharma S. THE EMISSION AND PARTICULATE MATTER OXIDATION PERFORMANCE OF A SCR CATALYST ON A DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER WITH A DOWNSTREAM SCR. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/464.

Council of Science Editors:

Sharma S. THE EMISSION AND PARTICULATE MATTER OXIDATION PERFORMANCE OF A SCR CATALYST ON A DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER WITH A DOWNSTREAM SCR. [Masters Thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2017. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/464

Michigan Technological University

7. China, Swarup. MORPHOLOGY AND MIXING STATE OF ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES: LINKS TO OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND CLOUD PROCESSING.

Degree: PhD, Department of Physics, 2014, Michigan Technological University

URL: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/791

► Atmospheric particles are ubiquitous in Earth’s atmosphere and impact the environment and the climate while affecting human health and Earth’s radiation balance, and degrading… (more)

▼ Atmospheric particles are ubiquitous in Earth’s atmosphere and impact the environment and the climate while affecting human health and Earth’s radiation balance, and degrading visibility. Atmospheric particles directly affect our planet’s radiation budget by scattering and absorbing solar radiation, and indirectly by interacting with clouds. Single particle morphology (shape, size and internal structure) and mixing state (coating by organic and inorganic material) can significantly influence the particle optical properties as well as various microphysical processes, involving cloud-particle interactions and including heterogeneous ice nucleation and water uptake. Conversely, aerosol cloud processing can affect the morphology and mixing of the particles. For example, fresh soot has typically an open fractal-like structure, but aging and cloud processing can restructure soot into more compacted shapes, with different optical and ice nucleation properties. During my graduate research, I used an array of electron microscopy and image analysis tools to study morphology and mixing state of a large number of individual particles collected during several field and laboratory studies. To this end, I investigated various types of particles such as tar balls (spherical carbonaceous particles emitted during biomass burning) and dust particles, but with a special emphasis on soot particles. In addition, I used the Stony Brook ice nucleation cell facility to investigate heterogeneous ice nucleation and water uptake by long-range transported particles collected at the Pico Mountain Observatory, in the Archipelago of the Azores. Finally, I used ice nucleation data from the SAAS (Soot Aerosol Aging Study) chamber study at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory to understand the effects that ice nucleation and supercooled water processing has on the morphology of residual soot particles. Some highlights of our findings and implications are discussed next. We found that the morphology of fresh soot emitted by vehicles depends on the driving conditions (i.e.; the vehicle specific power). Soot emitted by biomass burning is often heavily coated by other materials while processing of soot in urban environment exhibits complex mixing. We also found that long-range transported soot over the ocean after atmospheric processing is very compacted. In addition, our results suggest that freezing process can facilitate restructuring of soot and results into collapsed soot. Furthermore, numerical simulations showed strong influence on optical properties when fresh open fractal-like soot evolved to collapsed soot. Further investigation of longrange transported aged particles exhibits that they are efficient in water uptake and can induce ice nucleation in colder temperature Our results have implications for assessing the impact of the morphology and mixing state of soot particles on human health, environment and climate. Our findings can provide guidance to numerical models such as particle-resolved… Advisors/Committee Members: Claudio Mazzoleni.

Subjects/Keywords: Atmospheric particles; cloud; ice nucleation; Mixing state; Morphology; Soot; Atmospheric Sciences; Civil and Environmental Engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

China, S. (2014). MORPHOLOGY AND MIXING STATE OF ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES: LINKS TO OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND CLOUD PROCESSING. (Doctoral Dissertation). Michigan Technological University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/791

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

China, Swarup. “MORPHOLOGY AND MIXING STATE OF ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES: LINKS TO OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND CLOUD PROCESSING.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Michigan Technological University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/791.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

China, Swarup. “MORPHOLOGY AND MIXING STATE OF ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES: LINKS TO OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND CLOUD PROCESSING.” 2014. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

China S. MORPHOLOGY AND MIXING STATE OF ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES: LINKS TO OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND CLOUD PROCESSING. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Michigan Technological University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/791.

Council of Science Editors:

China S. MORPHOLOGY AND MIXING STATE OF ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES: LINKS TO OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND CLOUD PROCESSING. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Michigan Technological University; 2014. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/791

Loughborough University

8. Winward, Edward. A study of the effects of the properties of fuel, compression ratio and EGR on diesel exhaust soot physiochemical characteristics.

Degree: PhD, 2014, Loughborough University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2134/16351

► This research work characterises diesel engine soot physiochemical properties and engine performance and emissions for the combustion of two common mineral diesel fuels (low and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: 621.43; Diesel Engine; Soot; Physiochemical; Morphology; Diesel fuel; Biodiesel; Sulphur; Compression ratio; EGR

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APA (6^th Edition):

Winward, E. (2014). A study of the effects of the properties of fuel, compression ratio and EGR on diesel exhaust soot physiochemical characteristics. (Doctoral Dissertation). Loughborough University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2134/16351

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Winward, Edward. “A study of the effects of the properties of fuel, compression ratio and EGR on diesel exhaust soot physiochemical characteristics.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Loughborough University. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2134/16351.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Winward, Edward. “A study of the effects of the properties of fuel, compression ratio and EGR on diesel exhaust soot physiochemical characteristics.” 2014. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Winward E. A study of the effects of the properties of fuel, compression ratio and EGR on diesel exhaust soot physiochemical characteristics. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Loughborough University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2134/16351.

Council of Science Editors:

Winward E. A study of the effects of the properties of fuel, compression ratio and EGR on diesel exhaust soot physiochemical characteristics. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Loughborough University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2134/16351

University of New South Wales

9. Wang, Cheng. External irradiation effect on the growth and evolution of in-flame soot species.

Degree: Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, 2016, University of New South Wales

URL: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/56258 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:40394/SOURCE02?view=true

► External irradiation-soot species interaction is a subject that is of great interest due to its existing and future use in research and industrial sectors. An… (more)

▼ External irradiation-soot species interaction is a subject that is of great interest due to its existing and future use in research and industrial sectors. An assessment of the impact of broadband radiation on the evolution of soot species within a laminar ethylene-air flame is therefore performed to improve the fundamental understanding of the interaction process. Radiation at an average flux value of 120 kW/m² is provided by a solid-state plasma light to the lower region of the flame. Soot samples, thermophoretically collected at flame positions that are close and downstream from the irradiation location, are imaged using normal-resolution and high-resolution transmission electron microscopes (TEMs). The results, derived from processing the TEM images, reveal that the application of an external irradiation is found to increase the soot loading of the flame, and have a pronounced impact on the soot morphology, and influence the in-flame soot growth processes/mechanisms. The effects are also found to persist downstream from the irradiation location. The effects are mainly attributed to coupling of the broadband irradiation with the soot precursors, for the configuration used.Thermophoretic sampling, coupled with TEM imaging, is used to derive the required soot morphological data. The particulates characterization, however, can be complex when the images are of low contrast, noisy and have non-uniform background, or the samples collected have large variability in shape and size and have some degree of overlapping. A processing method that permits time-efficient automated characterization of particulates from the TEM grids, is therefore developed. The parameters required to be set to facilitate the automated process are identified and assessed. The proposed method is first applied to TEM images of samples acquired from the non-irradiated flame. The automated result is then compared with that derived via manual assessment, for validation purpose. The same analysis is also applied to samples extracted from the irradiated flame, which were previously observed to have different geometrical characteristics, to assess the morphological dependence of the proposed method. Using the optimised setting, the largest discrepancies associated with the automated results of primary particle diameter, fractal dimension and prefactor value of the aggregates for the tested cases, are approximately 3, 1 and 10%, respectively, when compared with the manual assessments. Advisors/Committee Members: Chan, Qing Nian (Shaun), Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW, Kook, Sanghoon (Shawn), Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW.

Subjects/Keywords: Transmission electron microscope; Soot morphology; Broadband irradiation; Solar radiation; Thermophoretic sampling; Image processing and enhancement

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wang, C. (2016). External irradiation effect on the growth and evolution of in-flame soot species. (Masters Thesis). University of New South Wales. Retrieved from http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/56258 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:40394/SOURCE02?view=true

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wang, Cheng. “External irradiation effect on the growth and evolution of in-flame soot species.” 2016. Masters Thesis, University of New South Wales. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/56258 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:40394/SOURCE02?view=true.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wang, Cheng. “External irradiation effect on the growth and evolution of in-flame soot species.” 2016. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Wang C. External irradiation effect on the growth and evolution of in-flame soot species. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of New South Wales; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/56258 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:40394/SOURCE02?view=true.

Council of Science Editors:

Wang C. External irradiation effect on the growth and evolution of in-flame soot species. [Masters Thesis]. University of New South Wales; 2016. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/56258 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:40394/SOURCE02?view=true

Texas A&M University

10. Xue, Huaxin. Variation in Morphology, Hygroscopicity, and Optical Properties of Soot Particles Coated by Dicarboxylic Acids.

Degree: MS, Atmospheric Sciences, 2010, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-295

► Soot aerosols are well known to be atmospheric constituents, but the hydrophobic nature of fresh soot likely prohibits them from encouraging cloud development. Soot aged… (more)

▼ Soot aerosols are well known to be atmospheric constituents, but the hydrophobic nature of fresh soot likely prohibits them from encouraging cloud development. Soot aged through contact with oxygenated organic compounds may become hydrophilic enough to promote water uptake. In this study, the tandem differential mobility analyzer (TDMA) and differential mobility analyzer?aerosol particle mass analyzer (DMA?APM) were employed to measure the changes in morphology and hygroscopicity of soot aerosol particles upon coating with succinic and glutaric acids. The effective densities, fractal dimensions and dynamic shape factors of fresh and coated soot aerosol particles have been determined. Significant size-dependent increases of soot particle mobility diameter, mass, and effective density (?eff) were observed upon coating of aggregates with succinic acid. These properties were restored back to their initial states once the acid was removed by heating, suggesting no restructuring of the soot core had occurred. Coating of soot with glutaric acid, on the other hand, leads to a strong size shrinking with a diameter growth factor ~0.60, even after the acid has been removed by heating suggesting the strong restructuring of the soot agglomerate. The additional 90% RH cycle can evidently enhance the restructuring process. The extinction and scattering properties at 532 nm of soot particles internally mixed with dicarboxylic acids were investigated experimentally using a cavity ring-down spectrometer and an integrating nephelometer, respectively, and the absorption is derived as the difference between extinction and scattering. It was found that the organic coatings significantly affect the optical and microphysical properties of the soot aggregates. The size-dependent amplification factors of light scattering were as much as 3.8 and 1.7 with glutaric and succinic acids coatings, respectively. Additional measurements with soot particles that are first coated with glutaric acid and then heated to remove the coating show that both scattering and absorption are enhanced by irreversible restructuring of soot aggregates to more compact globules. These results reveal the microphysical state of soot aerosol with incomplete restructuring in the atmosphere, and advance the treatment of atmospheric aged soot aerosol in the Mie theory shell-and-core model. Advisors/Committee Members: Zhang, Renyi (advisor), North, Simon (committee member), Collins, Don (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Soot; Morphology; Hygroscopicity; Optical Property; Dicarboxylic acid; Atmospheric aging.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Xue, H. (2010). Variation in Morphology, Hygroscopicity, and Optical Properties of Soot Particles Coated by Dicarboxylic Acids. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-295

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Xue, Huaxin. “Variation in Morphology, Hygroscopicity, and Optical Properties of Soot Particles Coated by Dicarboxylic Acids.” 2010. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-295.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Xue, Huaxin. “Variation in Morphology, Hygroscopicity, and Optical Properties of Soot Particles Coated by Dicarboxylic Acids.” 2010. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Xue H. Variation in Morphology, Hygroscopicity, and Optical Properties of Soot Particles Coated by Dicarboxylic Acids. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2010. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-295.

Council of Science Editors:

Xue H. Variation in Morphology, Hygroscopicity, and Optical Properties of Soot Particles Coated by Dicarboxylic Acids. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-295

North Carolina State University

11. Xiao, Jidong. Effect of Flow Unsteadiness on Soot Morphology.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2005, North Carolina State University

URL: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/5040

► The morphology of combustion-generated soot is of fundamental interest, but is difficult to measure. A new planar diagnostic technique was developed for morphology measurements in… (more)

▼ The morphology of combustion-generated soot is of fundamental interest, but is difficult to measure. A new planar diagnostic technique was developed for morphology measurements in simple laminar flames. Additionally, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, (PAH) the precursors to soot formation, were measured non-intrusively in an unsteady laminar flame to determine the characteristic time scales of their formation. An existing point-wise laser scattering technique to determine soot morphology was extended to a planar technique and applied to a laminar ethylene air co-flow flame. An Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) was used to illuminate the soot particles and the resulting scattered light was collected over a wide range of angles. A low power laser was used to eliminate fluorescence and incandescence interferences. Simultaneous laser induced incandescence measurements were used to determine the soot volume fraction. Six morphological parameters, including primary spherule size and mass fractal dimension, were derived using this new planar measurement technique based on RDG/PFA theory. The results clearly show the soot formation processes, including inception, agglomeration, and oxidization. A two-angle approximate method was also demonstrated and shown to be applicable for instantaneous measurements in unsteady flames. The approximate method can provide limited soot morphology information including primary particle size and number of primary particles per aggregate, when the fractal dimension and distribution are assumed. The approximate method was not suitable over the entire region of this flame because the fractal dimension varies significantly from the assumed value of 1.8, particularly in the soot inception zone. Three different size classes of PAH were measured qualitatively via laser induced fluorescence by detecting fluorescence in different spectral regions. The relative concentrations of these PAH were measured in counterflow diffusion flames subjected to both steady and oscillating strain. With increasing strain rate, the PAH concentration was observed to decrease dramatically, though unequally, among the three size classes measured. With an unsteady strain rate, the PAH concentration oscillates in phase for frequencies below 50 Hz. At frequencies above 100 Hz, the PAH zone no longer responds to the imposed oscillations. Smaller PAH continue to respond to the instantaneous strain rate at a higher frequency than larger PAH. Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. william Roberts, Committee Chair (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: PAH PLIF; soot morphology; LII; Laser scattering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Xiao, J. (2005). Effect of Flow Unsteadiness on Soot Morphology. (Doctoral Dissertation). North Carolina State University. Retrieved from http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/5040

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Xiao, Jidong. “Effect of Flow Unsteadiness on Soot Morphology.” 2005. Doctoral Dissertation, North Carolina State University. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/5040.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Xiao, Jidong. “Effect of Flow Unsteadiness on Soot Morphology.” 2005. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Xiao J. Effect of Flow Unsteadiness on Soot Morphology. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. North Carolina State University; 2005. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/5040.

Council of Science Editors:

Xiao J. Effect of Flow Unsteadiness on Soot Morphology. [Doctoral Dissertation]. North Carolina State University; 2005. Available from: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/5040

University of Toronto

12. Kholghy, Mohammad Reza. The Evolution of Soot Morphology in Laminar Co-flow Diffusion Flames of the Surrogates for Jet A-1 and a Synthetic Kerosene.

Degree: 2012, University of Toronto

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/33270

►

An experimental study was performed to study soot formation and evolution in atmospheric, laminar, coflow, diffusion flames of Jet-A1, Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene and their surrogates.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Soot morphology; Jet A-1 Surrogate; Kerosene; Laminar coflow diffusion flame; FT-SPK; GtL Surrogate; 0791; 0548; 0765; 0775

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kholghy, M. R. (2012). The Evolution of Soot Morphology in Laminar Co-flow Diffusion Flames of the Surrogates for Jet A-1 and a Synthetic Kerosene. (Masters Thesis). University of Toronto. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1807/33270

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kholghy, Mohammad Reza. “The Evolution of Soot Morphology in Laminar Co-flow Diffusion Flames of the Surrogates for Jet A-1 and a Synthetic Kerosene.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Toronto. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/33270.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kholghy, Mohammad Reza. “The Evolution of Soot Morphology in Laminar Co-flow Diffusion Flames of the Surrogates for Jet A-1 and a Synthetic Kerosene.” 2012. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Kholghy MR. The Evolution of Soot Morphology in Laminar Co-flow Diffusion Flames of the Surrogates for Jet A-1 and a Synthetic Kerosene. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Toronto; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/33270.

Council of Science Editors:

Kholghy MR. The Evolution of Soot Morphology in Laminar Co-flow Diffusion Flames of the Surrogates for Jet A-1 and a Synthetic Kerosene. [Masters Thesis]. University of Toronto; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/33270

13. Andana, Tahrizi. Roles of morphology and foreign metals of ceria-based catalysts in improving oxidations of Diesel vehicle pollutants : rôles de la morphologie et du dopage des catalyseurs à base de cérine dans l'oxydation des polluants émis par les véhicules diesel.

Degree: Docteur es, Catalyse hétérogène, 2017, Lyon; Politecnico di Torino

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1066

►

Le travail au présent surligne la cérine nanostructurée et bien-définie ; une morphologie qui promeut une haute activité catalytique de la cérine dans l’oxydation des… (more)

▼

Le travail au présent surligne la cérine nanostructurée et bien-définie ; une morphologie qui promeut une haute activité catalytique de la cérine dans l’oxydation des suies. Le travail présente également l’introduction des métaux pour le dopage, tels que praséodyme et zirconium, à la surface de la cérine pour améliorer la réductibilité, la stabilité thermique, et la capacité du stockage d’oxygène. L’oxydation à température programmée a été utilisée pour analyser l’activité catalytique. Au premier étage de la recherche, on a découvert que l’oxyde en mélange équimolaire de la cérine et de l’oxyde de praséodyme en nanostructure (indiqué comme Ce50Pr50-NP) possède la quantité d’espèces oxygénées à la surface la plus haute, la réductibilité la plus haute et l’activité catalytique la plus haute dans l’oxydation normale des suies. Il a été conclu que la nanostructure soulève la fonctionnalité du praséodyme dans la cérine. Le travail introduit également des nanoparticules (NPs) de Pt stabilisée par n-octylsilane. Pendant la calcination, les ligands silyliques se transforment aux « patches » de la silice qui leur évitent le frittage. Des NPs de Cu ont été préparées avec la même façon ; néanmoins elles ont souffert de sintering. Les NPs de Pt sont très actives dans l’oxydation de tous les polluants modèles des véhicules Diesel, spécifiquement l’oxydation des suies en présence de NOx, et elles fonctionnent mieux avec la cérine nanostructurée. Comme attendu, Ce50Pr50-NP donne l’activité catalytique plus haute que les catalyseurs à base du platine. La haute conversion du NO et l’adsorption du NO2 sur la surface sont la raison majeure de l’activité marquante

The present work highlights well-defined nanostructured ceria; a morphology that bestows exceptional catalytic activity on ceria towards soot oxidation. The work includes also introduction of promoting foreign metals, such as praseodymium and zirconium, to well-defined nanostructured ceria as a means of improving reducibility, thermal stability and oxygen storage capacity of the catalyst. Temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) has been used for analyzing catalytic activity. At the first stage of the research, nanostructured equimolar ceria-praseodymia (denoted as Ce50Pr50-NP) was found to have the highest amount of surface oxygen, the highest reducibility and the highest catalytic activity towards soot oxidation. The nanostructured morphology has been proven to raise the functionality of praseodymia as the foreign metal in ceria. The work also introduces small, silane-stabilized Pt nanoparticles. Upon calcination, silyl ligands are transformed into siliceous patches that prevent the particle from migrating/coalescing. Cu nanoparticles have been prepared the same way as Pt nanoparticles; however, they sinter even under milder thermal treatment. The small Pt-NPs are proven active towards all pollutant oxidations, including NOx-assisted soot oxidation, and they function better with nanostructured ceria as the support. Unexpectedly, Ce50Pr50-NP gives higher activity towards…

Advisors/Committee Members: Quadrelli, Elsje Alessandra (thesis director), Bensaid, Samir (thesis director), Pirone, Raffaele (thesis director).

Subjects/Keywords: Morphologie; Métaux pour le dopage; Cérine; Oxydation; Suies; NOx; Véhicule diesel; Morphology; Foreign metals; Ceria; Oxidation; Soot; NOx; Diesel vehicles; 541.395

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Andana, T. (2017). Roles of morphology and foreign metals of ceria-based catalysts in improving oxidations of Diesel vehicle pollutants : rôles de la morphologie et du dopage des catalyseurs à base de cérine dans l'oxydation des polluants émis par les véhicules diesel. (Doctoral Dissertation). Lyon; Politecnico di Torino. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1066

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Andana, Tahrizi. “Roles of morphology and foreign metals of ceria-based catalysts in improving oxidations of Diesel vehicle pollutants : rôles de la morphologie et du dopage des catalyseurs à base de cérine dans l'oxydation des polluants émis par les véhicules diesel.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Lyon; Politecnico di Torino. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1066.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Andana, Tahrizi. “Roles of morphology and foreign metals of ceria-based catalysts in improving oxidations of Diesel vehicle pollutants : rôles de la morphologie et du dopage des catalyseurs à base de cérine dans l'oxydation des polluants émis par les véhicules diesel.” 2017. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Andana T. Roles of morphology and foreign metals of ceria-based catalysts in improving oxidations of Diesel vehicle pollutants : rôles de la morphologie et du dopage des catalyseurs à base de cérine dans l'oxydation des polluants émis par les véhicules diesel. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Lyon; Politecnico di Torino; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1066.

Council of Science Editors:

Andana T. Roles of morphology and foreign metals of ceria-based catalysts in improving oxidations of Diesel vehicle pollutants : rôles de la morphologie et du dopage des catalyseurs à base de cérine dans l'oxydation des polluants émis par les véhicules diesel. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Lyon; Politecnico di Torino; 2017. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1066

14. Escudero Barros, Felipe Andrés. Experimental and numerical contributions to soot production in laminar axisymmetric diffusion flames : Contributions expérimentales et numériques à la production de suie dans les flammes de diffusion laminaires axisymétriques.

Degree: Docteur es, Sciences pour l'ingénieur. Energétique, 2019, Aix Marseille Université

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0048

►

Une étude expérimentale a été réalisée avec le but principal de caractériser la production de suie pour différents indices d’oxygène (OI) dans des flammes de… (more)

▼

Une étude expérimentale a été réalisée avec le but principal de caractériser la production de suie pour différents indices d’oxygène (OI) dans des flammes de diffusion normale (NDF) et inverse (IDF). Pour les IDFs, une augmentation de l’OI augmente la formation de suie mais n’affectent pas les processus d’oxydation, ce qui conduit à une augmentation de la fraction volumique de la suie et de la fraction rayonnée. Une analyse dimensionnelle basée sur le point de fumée (SP) a permis d’unifier les comportements pour les NDFs générées par la combustion de l’éthylène, du propane et du butane en termes de hauteur de flamme, de fraction volumique de suie et de fraction rayonnée au SP. Dans une deuxième étape, une étude numérique a été réalisée avec pour objectif principal d’évaluer les capacités de la méthode sectionnelle (SM) et trois méthodes des moments (MOM) à prédire la structure morphologique des particules de suie. A cette fin, les MOMs ont été implémentées dans un code` parallèle existant pour la simulation des flammes de diffusion laminaires axisymétriques. Les résultats ont montré que la SM est capable de reproduire les données expérimentales disponibles, tandis que les MOMs ne sont pas en mesure de prédire tous les détails de la morphologie des particules de suie avec le même niveau de précision. Une analyse des principales différences entre la SM et les MOM a été réalisée. La principale raison des différences observées entre les MOMs et la SM est liée à l’impossibilité des MOMs à satisfaire l’hypothèse de conservation du nombre densité de particules primaires et du nombre de particules primaires par agrégat pendant les processus de croissance surfacique de la suie

An experimental study was performed with the main objective of characterizing soot production for different oxygen indices (OIs) in normal (NDFs) and inverse (IDFs) diffusion flames. Specific absorption-emission based methods were developed, implemented and validated to measure soot volume fraction and temperature. It was found that for IDFs, an increase on the OI produces an enhancement of soot formation but does not affect oxidation processes, leading to an increase on soot volume fraction and radiant fraction. In addition, a scaling analysis based on the smoke point (SP) resulted on a unified behavior for ethylene, propane and butane fueled NDFs in terms of flame height, soot volume fraction and radiant fraction at SP. In a second step, a numerical study was performed with the main objective of evaluating the predictive capabilities of the sectional method (SM) and three methods of moments (MOMs) for the resolution of the population balance equation (PBE) for soot particle size distribution (PSD). For this purpose, the MOMs were added to an existing parallel code for simulating laminar axisymmetric diffusion flames. The SM was able to reproduce the available experimental data whereas the MOMs were not able to predict details of soot morphology with the same level of accuracy. An analysis on the main differences between the SM and MOMs was…

Advisors/Committee Members: Consalvi, Jean-Louis (thesis director).

Subjects/Keywords: Flamme laminaire de diffusion; Indice d’oxygène; Production de la suie; Morphologie de la suie; Distribution en taille des particules; Laminar diffusion flames; Oxygen index; Soot production; Soot morphology; Population balance equation; Particle size distribution.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Escudero Barros, F. A. (2019). Experimental and numerical contributions to soot production in laminar axisymmetric diffusion flames : Contributions expérimentales et numériques à la production de suie dans les flammes de diffusion laminaires axisymétriques. (Doctoral Dissertation). Aix Marseille Université. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0048

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Escudero Barros, Felipe Andrés. “Experimental and numerical contributions to soot production in laminar axisymmetric diffusion flames : Contributions expérimentales et numériques à la production de suie dans les flammes de diffusion laminaires axisymétriques.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Aix Marseille Université. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0048.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Escudero Barros, Felipe Andrés. “Experimental and numerical contributions to soot production in laminar axisymmetric diffusion flames : Contributions expérimentales et numériques à la production de suie dans les flammes de diffusion laminaires axisymétriques.” 2019. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Escudero Barros FA. Experimental and numerical contributions to soot production in laminar axisymmetric diffusion flames : Contributions expérimentales et numériques à la production de suie dans les flammes de diffusion laminaires axisymétriques. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Aix Marseille Université 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0048.

Council of Science Editors:

Escudero Barros FA. Experimental and numerical contributions to soot production in laminar axisymmetric diffusion flames : Contributions expérimentales et numériques à la production de suie dans les flammes de diffusion laminaires axisymétriques. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Aix Marseille Université 2019. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0048

Brunel University

15. Song, Haiwen. Diesel soot oxidation under controlled conditions.

Degree: PhD, 2003, Brunel University

URL: http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4814 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401350

► In order to improve understanding of diesel soot oxidation, an experimental rig was designed and set up, in which the soot oxidation conditions, such as… (more)

▼ In order to improve understanding of diesel soot oxidation, an experimental rig was designed and set up, in which the soot oxidation conditions, such as temperature, oxygen partial pressure, and CO2 partial pressure, could be varied independently of each other. The oxidizing gas flow in the oxidizer was under laminar condition. This test rig comprised a naturally-aspirated single cylinder engine which acted as the soot generator, and a separate premixed oxidation burner system in which soot extracted from the engine was oxidized under controlled conditions. Diesel soot was extracted from the engine exhaust pipe and from the engine pre-combustion chamber, and the soot-laden gas was then conveyed to the burner where it was oxidized. The burner was positioned vertically and it had a flat flame whose thickness was only a few millimetres. The hot gases from the flame flew upwards through a quartz transparent tube which acted as the soot oxidation duct. The soot-laden gas from the engine was premixed with the feedgas (itself a premixed mixture of methane, air, oxygen, and nitrogen) to the burner. The soot particles passed vertically through the flame front and continued burning in the post-flame gas flowing through the quartz tube oxidation duct. The oxygen concentration and temperature of the post-flame soot oxidation gas were controllable by adjusting the flowrate and composition of the burner feedgas. Diesel soot particles were sampled at different heights along the centreline of the quartz tube above the burner. Profiles of oxygen concentration, temperature, and soot particle velocity in the oxidation zone were thus measured. Morphology and size distributions of the sampled diesel soot particles were analyzed by means of Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and a computer software called ImagePro Plus. Subsequently, the specific surface oxidation rates of the soot particles were worked out based on soot particle size distributions. The TEM micrographs obtained in this study showed that the diesel soot agglomerates existed in forms of clusters and chains, each containing between a small number and thousands of individual, mostly spherical tiny particles. Of order 97% of the individual spherical particles (spherules) had a size range from 10 to 80 nm. Occasionally, individual spherules of about 150 nm in diameter could be observed. The diesel soot particles sampled from the pre-chamber of the engine had different size distributions from those sampled from the exhaust of the engine, indicating that the soot underwent an oxidation process in the combustion chamber. Soot oxidation experiments were performed in the burner post-flame gas under oxygen partial pressures ranging from 0.010 to 0.050 atm and temperatures from 1520 to 1820 K. The test results showed that the oxidation rates of the diesel soot extracted from the diesel engine were generally lower than those predicted by the well-known Nagle and Strickland-Constable formula; however, the measured oxidation rates were higher than the predictions made with another…

Subjects/Keywords: 621.4361; Diesel soot oxidation; Soot oxidation conditions; Morphology; Size distributions; Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Song, H. (2003). Diesel soot oxidation under controlled conditions. (Doctoral Dissertation). Brunel University. Retrieved from http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4814 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401350

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Song, Haiwen. “Diesel soot oxidation under controlled conditions.” 2003. Doctoral Dissertation, Brunel University. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4814 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401350.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Song, Haiwen. “Diesel soot oxidation under controlled conditions.” 2003. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Song H. Diesel soot oxidation under controlled conditions. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Brunel University; 2003. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4814 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401350.

Council of Science Editors:

Song H. Diesel soot oxidation under controlled conditions. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Brunel University; 2003. Available from: http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4814 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401350

16. Pei, Xiangyu. A Soot Transformation Study: Interactions Between Soot, Sulfuric Acid and Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA).

Degree: 2018, University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/54249

► Atmospheric black carbon (BC), generally called soot, is the most important aerosol component that warms the Earth’s climate significantly, and reducing atmospheric soot level has… (more)

▼ Atmospheric black carbon (BC), generally called soot, is the most important aerosol component that warms the Earth’s climate significantly, and reducing atmospheric soot level has been proposed as a strategy for near-term climate change mitigation. However, policy development is hampered by large uncertainties in models’ predictions regarding the global warming induced by BC. These uncertainties primarily result from a limited scientific understanding of the transformations soot undergoes upon interacting with other aerosol components such as sulfuric acid and secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Unlike soot, sulfuric acid and SOA are thought to induce cooling effects. However, soot – sulfuric acid – SOA interactions are postulated to amplify soot’s warming effect. Condensed materials such as sulfuric acid and SOA can modify soot’s morphology, i.e. the distribution of soot aggregates and condensates in space, thereby altering its properties and atmospheric life time. The overall aim of this thesis is to characterize freshly emitted soot and the transformations in morphology and optical properties it undergoes upon condensation of sulfuric acid and SOA. Two frameworks were developed for quantifying the in-situ morphological properties of BC mixed with either primary organic aerosol (POA) during evaporation process or sulfuric acid and/or SOA during condensation process. The morphological transformation of soot particles was quantified with these frameworks in terms of void fractions, effective densities, and in-situ dynamic shape factors. Soot morphological transformation during condensation process was shown to occur via two complementary and sequential processes: the filling of voids within particles and mobility diameter growth. In addition, the light absorption of soot from two flame types (an industrial flame and three lab-scale flames) was studied. Significant quantities of light absorbing organics (referred to as brown carbon, BrC) were observed in lab-scale flames, but the mature soot in the industrial flame did not contain BrC. The mass absorption cross section (MAC) of BC and BrC from lab-scale flames was quantified, and the values for BrC proved to be comparable to those for BC at a short wavelength (405 nm). The most widely used model for quantifying the optical properties of coated soot at present is core-shell Mie theory, in which the key parameter is the refractive index. This study identified and evaluated alternatives to Mie theory. It was found that the nature of the condensed material can significantly influence the light absorption of coated soot particles, and that reaction between soot and sulfuric acid can have particularly important effects. The absorption cross section of soot was significantly reduced (by up to 26%) upon interaction of the soot surface with sulfuric acid, whereas the absorption cross section increased significantly when soot was coated with SOA or acidity-mediated SOA. Field studies of soot coated with other aerosol components, i.e. organics, sulfate and nitrate, were…

Subjects/Keywords: soot; black carbon (BC); brown carbon (BrC); primary organic aerosol (POA); secondary organic aerosol (SOA); sulfuric acid; acidity-mediated SOA; mixing state; morphology; effective density; light absorption

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Pei, X. (2018). A Soot Transformation Study: Interactions Between Soot, Sulfuric Acid and Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA). (Thesis). University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2077/54249

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pei, Xiangyu. “A Soot Transformation Study: Interactions Between Soot, Sulfuric Acid and Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA).” 2018. Thesis, University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/54249.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pei, Xiangyu. “A Soot Transformation Study: Interactions Between Soot, Sulfuric Acid and Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA).” 2018. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Pei X. A Soot Transformation Study: Interactions Between Soot, Sulfuric Acid and Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA). [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/54249.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Pei X. A Soot Transformation Study: Interactions Between Soot, Sulfuric Acid and Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA). [Thesis]. University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/54249

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Southern California

17. Abid, Aamir Dawood. Experimental investigation of soot nucleation and growth in premixed flat flames.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2009, University of Southern California

URL: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll127/id/216565/rec/2629

► Soot formed from incomplete combustion has significant health effects and contributes to atmospheric pollution. The details of soot nucleation and growth have been studied experimentally… (more)

▼ Soot formed from incomplete combustion has significant health effects and contributes to atmospheric pollution. The details of soot nucleation and growth have been studied experimentally and numerically and recent advances in experimental techniques have enabled the investigation of soot particles in the size range of 1 to 10 nm. This range is particularly interesting as soot nucleation occurs at the lower end of this range and mass growth is fast within this range.; This work utilizes a variety of complimentary experimental techniques to probe soot nucleation and growth from premixed lightly sooting flat flames. A scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) in conjunction with probe sampling is used to study detailed particle size distributions, soot volume fraction and number density. Soot volume fraction is also measured using a thermocouple particle densitometry technique. Soot morphology is investigated using transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. For the ethylene-oxygen-argon flames studied, the particle size distributions are bimodal. The trough of this bimodal distribution shifts gradually to smaller sizes as the flame temperature is increased resulting in an apparent unimodal size distribution. Morphology studies show that nascent particles are spherical and not fully carbonized.; A standard SMPS system is modified to extend the lower size detection limit from 2.5 nm to 1.6 nm. Using this lower detection limit the particle distributions at high flame temperatures are observed to be persistently bimodal and the apparent unimodality previously seen is concluded to be due to instrumentation limitation. In addition, the ethylene flames are doped with benzene to examine the effect of nucleation rate variation on nascent soot size distribution. The size distributions for benzene doped flames are similar to that of pure ethylene flames yet further study needs to be done to decouple the influence of flame temperature resulting from benzene doping on the evolution of the size distributions.; An inherent challenge of probe sampling is that it is intrusive and the effect of probe perturbation needs to be quantified. To address this issue, a burner stabilized stagnation flow sampling technique is developed and fully characterized. The key advantage of this technique is that the flame can be modeled as the flow field and boundary conditions are known. The size distributions measured by this technique are similar to that observed with tubular probe sampling with the onset of the second size mode occurring at somewhat short residence times.; Using the new sampling technique developed, n-dodecane sooting flames are investigated. This liquid fuel is of particular interest as it is an ideal surrogate component for real jet fuels. The size distributions for these flames show a bimodal characteristic and the nucleation mode for n-dodecane flames is stronger compared to similar ethylene flames. The measured and simulated temperature profiles show good agreement. The modified sampling probe and development of a… Advisors/Committee Members: Wang, Hai (Committee Chair), Egolfopoulos, Fokion N. (Committee Member), Phares, Dennis (Committee Member), Campbell, Charles (Committee Member), Sioutas, Constantinos (Committee Member).

Subjects/Keywords: soot; premixed flame; probe sampling; morphology; particle size distribution; nucleation; burner stabilized flame

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Abid, A. D. (2009). Experimental investigation of soot nucleation and growth in premixed flat flames. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Southern California. Retrieved from http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll127/id/216565/rec/2629

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Abid, Aamir Dawood. “Experimental investigation of soot nucleation and growth in premixed flat flames.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Southern California. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll127/id/216565/rec/2629.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Abid, Aamir Dawood. “Experimental investigation of soot nucleation and growth in premixed flat flames.” 2009. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Abid AD. Experimental investigation of soot nucleation and growth in premixed flat flames. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Southern California; 2009. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll127/id/216565/rec/2629.

Council of Science Editors:

Abid AD. Experimental investigation of soot nucleation and growth in premixed flat flames. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Southern California; 2009. Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll127/id/216565/rec/2629

University of Texas – Austin

18. Diller, Timothy Thomas. Development, characterization, and modeling of an electronic particulate matter sensor for internal combustion engines.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2009, University of Texas – Austin

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/7565

► U.S. Federal regulations requiring on-board diagnostics of diesel particulate filters have created a demand for compact, inexpensive, fast, and accurate sensors for measuring the particulate… (more)

▼ U.S. Federal regulations requiring on-board diagnostics of diesel particulate filters have created a demand for compact, inexpensive, fast, and accurate sensors for measuring the particulate matter (PM) content of diesel exhaust. An electronic sensor capable of measuring the carbonaceous fraction (soot) of PM has been developed at The University of Texas at Austin. The behavior and performance of this sensor was characterized in both an older style non-emission controlled diesel engine and a modern heavy-duty diesel certified in 2008 to meet current federal emissions standards. The ability of the sensor to detect particulates at the regulated level of 15 mg/bhp-hr downstream of a leaking particulate filter was demonstrated. Under optimal conditions, the sensor was shown to have a resolution of 0.003 mg/bhp-hr, or 0.005 mg/m3. The sensor operated by measuring the flux of charged particles, ions, and electrons to an electrode immersed in an exhaust gas flow. Two distinct modes of operation were demonstrated. In the first, the sensor detected particles carrying residual charge from the combustion process. In this mode, the sensor was shown to be relatively insensitive to particle morphology and to be sensitive to exhaust gas velocity. In the second, charge carriers (particles, electrons, and ions) were created in the strong electric field produced by a second electrode at high voltage. In this mode, the sensor was found to be relatively insensitive to exhaust gas velocity, but quite sensitive to the orientation of the sensor in the exhaust flow. The size and number density of the particles was found to have a strong influence on the sensor sensitivity: as number density increased with increasing load or decreasing EGR rate, so did sensor sensitivity. Thus, as changes in engine operating condition affect particle morphology, the behavior of the sensor changes. A numerical model of the discharge mechanism in the form of an atmospheric pressure glow discharge was implemented to model the charge creation and transport. The model accurately predicted the nanoamp-level electrode currents produced in a real sensor to within a half order of magnitude with no empirical fits. The model tended to over-predict the sensitivity of sensor output to applied voltage but matched the observed sensitivity within an order of magnitude. Due to the lack of modeling flow field effects it predicted a 250% increase in sensitivity for a gap width reduced by 50% where a comparison of real sensors showed a decrease in sensitivity of 25% with a 50% reduction in gap width. Advisors/Committee Members: Hall, M. J. (Matthew John) (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Diesel particulate filters; Particulate matter; Carbonaceous fraction; Soot; Diesel engines; Sensors; Particle morphology; Exhaust gas velocity; Exhaust

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Diller, T. T. (2009). Development, characterization, and modeling of an electronic particulate matter sensor for internal combustion engines. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/7565

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Diller, Timothy Thomas. “Development, characterization, and modeling of an electronic particulate matter sensor for internal combustion engines.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/7565.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Diller, Timothy Thomas. “Development, characterization, and modeling of an electronic particulate matter sensor for internal combustion engines.” 2009. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Diller TT. Development, characterization, and modeling of an electronic particulate matter sensor for internal combustion engines. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2009. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/7565.

Council of Science Editors:

Diller TT. Development, characterization, and modeling of an electronic particulate matter sensor for internal combustion engines. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/7565

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