subject:(Solvent extraction)

University of Alberta

1. Haghighat,Fatemehalsadat. Investigation of solvent extraction of coal at low temperatures.

Degree: MS, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, 2013, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/dn39x185f

► Solvent extraction of coal is a method to produce low molecular weight products from coal. It also can be used as a pretreatment for Direct… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Coal; Solvent Extraction

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APA (6^th Edition):

Haghighat,Fatemehalsadat. (2013). Investigation of solvent extraction of coal at low temperatures. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/dn39x185f

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Haghighat,Fatemehalsadat. “Investigation of solvent extraction of coal at low temperatures.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/dn39x185f.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Haghighat,Fatemehalsadat. “Investigation of solvent extraction of coal at low temperatures.” 2013. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

Vancouver:

Haghighat,Fatemehalsadat. Investigation of solvent extraction of coal at low temperatures. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/dn39x185f.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

Council of Science Editors:

Haghighat,Fatemehalsadat. Investigation of solvent extraction of coal at low temperatures. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2013. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/dn39x185f

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

University of Alberta

2. Rivolta, Mariangel. Solvent extraction of coal: Influence of solvent chemical structure on extraction yield and product composition.

Degree: MS, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, 2012, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/kd17ct409

► In recent years the need for new carbon sources to supplement crude oil for the production of fuels and chemicals, again focused on coal as… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Coal; Tetralin; Lignite; Solvent extraction

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APA (6^th Edition):

Rivolta, M. (2012). Solvent extraction of coal: Influence of solvent chemical structure on extraction yield and product composition. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/kd17ct409

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rivolta, Mariangel. “Solvent extraction of coal: Influence of solvent chemical structure on extraction yield and product composition.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/kd17ct409.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rivolta, Mariangel. “Solvent extraction of coal: Influence of solvent chemical structure on extraction yield and product composition.” 2012. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Rivolta M. Solvent extraction of coal: Influence of solvent chemical structure on extraction yield and product composition. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/kd17ct409.

Council of Science Editors:

Rivolta M. Solvent extraction of coal: Influence of solvent chemical structure on extraction yield and product composition. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2012. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/kd17ct409

University of Alberta

3. Figueroa, Diana C. Modelling of solvent extraction of coal.

Degree: MS, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, 2011, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/sn009z36t

► Modelling of solvent extraction was studied using 1,2,3,4–tetrahydronaphtalene (tetralin) and Poplar coal (lignite). A kinetic model was developed taking into account temperature, mass transfer limitations… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: modelling; solvent extraction; coal

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APA (6^th Edition):

Figueroa, D. C. (2011). Modelling of solvent extraction of coal. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/sn009z36t

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Figueroa, Diana C. “Modelling of solvent extraction of coal.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/sn009z36t.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Figueroa, Diana C. “Modelling of solvent extraction of coal.” 2011. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Figueroa DC. Modelling of solvent extraction of coal. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/sn009z36t.

Council of Science Editors:

Figueroa DC. Modelling of solvent extraction of coal. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2011. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/sn009z36t

4. Saxena, Manjula. Studies in some aspects of solvent extraction by activation analysis; -.

Degree: Chemistry, 1980, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University

URL: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/43176

None

Bibliography p.122-129

Advisors/Committee Members: Ray, M N.

Subjects/Keywords: solvent extraction

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APA (6^th Edition):

Saxena, M. (1980). Studies in some aspects of solvent extraction by activation analysis; -. (Thesis). Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University. Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/43176

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Saxena, Manjula. “Studies in some aspects of solvent extraction by activation analysis; -.” 1980. Thesis, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University. Accessed January 18, 2021. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/43176.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Saxena, Manjula. “Studies in some aspects of solvent extraction by activation analysis; -.” 1980. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Saxena M. Studies in some aspects of solvent extraction by activation analysis; -. [Internet] [Thesis]. Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University; 1980. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/43176.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Saxena M. Studies in some aspects of solvent extraction by activation analysis; -. [Thesis]. Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University; 1980. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/43176

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

5. [No author]. The coordination and extractive chemistry of the later 3d transition metal ions with N, N'-donor imidazole-based ligands.

Degree: Faculty of Science, 2014, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8382

► The application of bidentate N,N'-donor ligands, such as 2,2'-biimidazole (BIIMH2) and 2,2'-pyridylimidazole (PIMH) and (1H-benzimidazol-2yl)-N-methylmethanamine (BIMAH), in the solvent extraction of base metal ions from… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Solvent extraction; Coordination compounds

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APA (6^th Edition):

author], [. (2014). The coordination and extractive chemistry of the later 3d transition metal ions with N, N'-donor imidazole-based ligands. (Thesis). Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8382

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

author], [No. “The coordination and extractive chemistry of the later 3d transition metal ions with N, N'-donor imidazole-based ligands.” 2014. Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Accessed January 18, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8382.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

author], [No. “The coordination and extractive chemistry of the later 3d transition metal ions with N, N'-donor imidazole-based ligands.” 2014. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

author] [. The coordination and extractive chemistry of the later 3d transition metal ions with N, N'-donor imidazole-based ligands. [Internet] [Thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8382.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

author] [. The coordination and extractive chemistry of the later 3d transition metal ions with N, N'-donor imidazole-based ligands. [Thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8382

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Cape Town

6. Copcutt, Robert Charles. Modeling of a counter-current adsorption process for removal and recovery of dissolved organics from aqueous effluents.

Degree: Thesis, Chemical Engineering, 1988, University of Cape Town

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23191

Subjects/Keywords: Solvent extraction

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APA (6^th Edition):

Copcutt, R. C. (1988). Modeling of a counter-current adsorption process for removal and recovery of dissolved organics from aqueous effluents. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23191

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Copcutt, Robert Charles. “Modeling of a counter-current adsorption process for removal and recovery of dissolved organics from aqueous effluents.” 1988. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed January 18, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23191.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Copcutt, Robert Charles. “Modeling of a counter-current adsorption process for removal and recovery of dissolved organics from aqueous effluents.” 1988. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Copcutt RC. Modeling of a counter-current adsorption process for removal and recovery of dissolved organics from aqueous effluents. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 1988. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23191.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Copcutt RC. Modeling of a counter-current adsorption process for removal and recovery of dissolved organics from aqueous effluents. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 1988. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23191

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Rutgers University

7. Yao, Linhong, 1987-. Development of new methods for analyzing lipid oxidation: accelerated solvent extraction and HPLC-DNPH analyses of carbonyl oxidation products.

Degree: PhD, Food Science, 2015, Rutgers University

URL: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/47617/

►

The basic reactions of lipid oxidation were first reported more than 50 years ago, yet accurate and reproducible measurement of lipid oxidation remains a serious… (more)

▼

The basic reactions of lipid oxidation were first reported more than 50 years ago, yet accurate and reproducible measurement of lipid oxidation remains a serious problem and challenge for both industry and academia. This research addresses two critical issues in lipid oxidation measurements: 1) lack of extraction methods that do not induce adventitious oxidation or change existing oxidation products; 2) lack of sensitive reproducible methods for quantitating and identifying secondary non-volatile oxidation products such as carbonyls, core aldehydes in particular. This research aims to develop two reliable, sensitive and accurate methods for oxidation analyses: 1) a pressurized solvent extraction method that is efficient in removing lipid yet does not add to or destroy lipid oxidation products, and 2) an improved HPLC-DNPH assay to quantitate and identify soluble carbonyl oxidation products in individual lipid fractions. Baked pet food biscuits and dry extruded pet food kibbles were chosen as samples to conduct lipid extraction in pressurized accelerated solvent extractor (ASE) by adjusting a variety of factors such as temperature, sample particle size, polarity of extraction solvent, extraction static time and numbers of extraction cycles to investigate the effect of extraction conditions on lipid oxidation. Results showed extraction with two 15-minute cycles of chloroform:methanol at 40 C gave lipid yields of 75-100%, depending on the kibble. Lipid oxidation was minimal when temperature was limited to 40 C. Factors such as particle size, solvents and extraction static time and cycles could be combined and tailored to optimize extraction efficiency. Compared to traditional extraction methods, pressurized solvent extraction of lipids was significantly more efficient and induced less oxidation. A reverse phase HPLC-DNPH (2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine) assay capable of quantitating and identifying carbonyls in all lipid classes was developed using an acetonitrile–isopropanol-water gradient and diode array detection at 360 nm. Optical response decreased with fatty acid chain length; quantitation was achieved using average slopes for three size ranges. The assay was specific for carbonyls and detected 6-50 g/L and accurately quantitated 20 g/L standard aldehydes. LC-MS/MS Q-TOF verified hydrazone structures. Monomer carbonyls and core aldehydes were distinguished and quantitated in oxidized Trilinolein, commercial oils, and lipid extracts.

Advisors/Committee Members: Schaich, Karen M. (chair), HO, CHI-TANG (internal member), Hartman, Thomas G. (internal member), Johnston, David (outside member).

Subjects/Keywords: Lipids – Oxidation; Solvent extraction

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APA (6^th Edition):

Yao, Linhong, 1. (2015). Development of new methods for analyzing lipid oxidation: accelerated solvent extraction and HPLC-DNPH analyses of carbonyl oxidation products. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rutgers University. Retrieved from https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/47617/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Yao, Linhong, 1987-. “Development of new methods for analyzing lipid oxidation: accelerated solvent extraction and HPLC-DNPH analyses of carbonyl oxidation products.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Rutgers University. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/47617/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Yao, Linhong, 1987-. “Development of new methods for analyzing lipid oxidation: accelerated solvent extraction and HPLC-DNPH analyses of carbonyl oxidation products.” 2015. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Yao, Linhong 1. Development of new methods for analyzing lipid oxidation: accelerated solvent extraction and HPLC-DNPH analyses of carbonyl oxidation products. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/47617/.

Council of Science Editors:

Yao, Linhong 1. Development of new methods for analyzing lipid oxidation: accelerated solvent extraction and HPLC-DNPH analyses of carbonyl oxidation products. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2015. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/47617/

University of Saskatchewan

8. Olabiyi, Olatunji B. Simulation and Modelling of Zinc Recovery Process from Steel Scrap.

Degree: 2020, University of Saskatchewan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/13160

► This research project addressed a practical problem besetting electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmakers and environmentalists for many years. EAF dust is generated during the EAF… (more)

▼ This research project addressed a practical problem besetting electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmakers and environmentalists for many years. EAF dust is generated during the EAF steelmaking process, and it is designated as a hazardous waste in most industrialized countries because it contains zinc, which is hazardous for the environment. The purpose of this research was to develop a pre-treatment step that removes zinc coatings from galvanized steel scrap, leaving steel products with low or no zinc content, which can be used as a cheap source of feed materials for steel making industries that produce zinc-free EAF dust. Also, zinc consuming industries can use the recovered zinc to bridge the gap between the supply of and demand for zinc. The zinc recovery process involves three major stages, namely: leaching, solvent extraction and electrowinning. A metallurgical simulator (METSIM) was used to simulate these processes. The leaching of the zinc coating from the galvanized scrap was carried out with sodium hydroxide because it cannot leach iron, which is the major component of the galvanized steel scrap. Sodium zincate was produced from this process, and black steel is recovered as a solid from the solid-liquid separator, which can be fed in the EAF to produce new steel. In the solvent extraction, 8-hydroxyquinoline (LIX-26) was used as an extractant because of its ability to extract zinc. Zinc quinoline and sodium hydroxide were produced as extract and raffinate, respectively. Concentrated sulfuric acid was used to strip the extract to produce zinc sulphate transferred to the electrowinning section. In electrowinning, metallic zinc was recovered from zinc ion deposited at the cathode and oxygen gas evolved from the stream. This process's feed rate is 400 mt/yr of galvanized steel scrap with a feed component of 320 mt/yr and 80 mt/yr of iron and zinc, respectively. The amount of zinc recovered at the end of the process is 72.59 mt/yr, and the percentage is 90.74%. With this amount of zinc recovery, the steelmakers will be able to recycle the galvanized steel scrap with zero or minimal pollutants caused by zinc; also, the recovered zinc as a by-product will be used for other purposes in the zinc consuming industry. Advisors/Committee Members: Alam, Shafiq, Baik, Oon-Doo, Oguocha, Ike, Odeshi, Akindele.

Subjects/Keywords: Leaching; Solvent extraction; Electrowinning

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APA (6^th Edition):

Olabiyi, O. B. (2020). Simulation and Modelling of Zinc Recovery Process from Steel Scrap. (Thesis). University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10388/13160

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Olabiyi, Olatunji B. “Simulation and Modelling of Zinc Recovery Process from Steel Scrap.” 2020. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan. Accessed January 18, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/13160.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Olabiyi, Olatunji B. “Simulation and Modelling of Zinc Recovery Process from Steel Scrap.” 2020. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Olabiyi OB. Simulation and Modelling of Zinc Recovery Process from Steel Scrap. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/13160.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Olabiyi OB. Simulation and Modelling of Zinc Recovery Process from Steel Scrap. [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/13160

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Cape Peninsula University of Technology

9. Kumwimba, Ghislain Mutamba. Effect of process variables on the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of platinum solvent extraction by cyanex 921 .

Degree: 2012, Cape Peninsula University of Technology

URL: http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/870

► Platinum is a precious metal which may be processed under acidic conditions. Accordingly, the extraction of platinum from an acidic chloride media is of immense… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Extraction (Chemistry); Platinum; Metals – Analysis; Solvent extraction

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kumwimba, G. M. (2012). Effect of process variables on the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of platinum solvent extraction by cyanex 921 . (Thesis). Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Retrieved from http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/870

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kumwimba, Ghislain Mutamba. “Effect of process variables on the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of platinum solvent extraction by cyanex 921 .” 2012. Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Accessed January 18, 2021. http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/870.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kumwimba, Ghislain Mutamba. “Effect of process variables on the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of platinum solvent extraction by cyanex 921 .” 2012. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kumwimba GM. Effect of process variables on the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of platinum solvent extraction by cyanex 921 . [Internet] [Thesis]. Cape Peninsula University of Technology; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/870.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kumwimba GM. Effect of process variables on the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of platinum solvent extraction by cyanex 921 . [Thesis]. Cape Peninsula University of Technology; 2012. Available from: http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/870

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Melbourne

10. Law, Samuel Qiao Kai. A fundamental study of emulsions formed in a hexane-based lipid extraction from slurries of ruptured microalgae.

Degree: 2018, University of Melbourne

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/212451

► Efficient lipid recovery is a major barrier to economical production of algal biofuels. The use of non-polar solvents is promising, as they can be recovered… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: emulsion; hexane; solvent extraction; solvent recovery; lipid extraction; lipids; biodiesel; microalgae

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APA (6^th Edition):

Law, S. Q. K. (2018). A fundamental study of emulsions formed in a hexane-based lipid extraction from slurries of ruptured microalgae. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Melbourne. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11343/212451

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Law, Samuel Qiao Kai. “A fundamental study of emulsions formed in a hexane-based lipid extraction from slurries of ruptured microalgae.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Melbourne. Accessed January 18, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11343/212451.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Law, Samuel Qiao Kai. “A fundamental study of emulsions formed in a hexane-based lipid extraction from slurries of ruptured microalgae.” 2018. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Law SQK. A fundamental study of emulsions formed in a hexane-based lipid extraction from slurries of ruptured microalgae. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/212451.

Council of Science Editors:

Law SQK. A fundamental study of emulsions formed in a hexane-based lipid extraction from slurries of ruptured microalgae. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/212451

University of Alberta

11. Alizadehgiashi, Moien. Diffusion Mechanisms Between Heavy Oils and Light Hydrocarbons.

Degree: MS, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, 2015, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/t435gg60v

► Athabasca Bitumen and other heavy hydrocarbon resources are high-mean-molar-mass and structured organic materials with complex phase behaviors at the nano- and micro- meter length scales.… (more)

▼ Athabasca Bitumen and other heavy hydrocarbon resources are high-mean-molar-mass and structured organic materials with complex phase behaviors at the nano- and micro- meter length scales. Diffusion of light hydrocarbons, and non-hydrocarbons in these resources is of significant interest as new production and refining concepts that envision, for example, addition of light hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbons to reservoirs to enhance production have begun to emerge. Composition-distance profiles arising during free diffusion scale as a function of the joint variable (distance/time^nw). Simple fluids are governed by Fickian diffusion, where nw = 0.5. For nanostructured fluids the value of nw can be as low as nw = 0.25, known as the single file limit but more typically the value for the exponent falls between these two limits and is composition dependent. In this work, five published data sets comprising free diffusion composition profiles for Athabasca bitumen fractions and for Cold Lake bitumen + light hydrocarbons obtained using diverse apparatus, are probed from this perspective. Additional experimental results are provided for Athabasca bitumen + toluene mixtures over the temperature range 273 to 313 K, and results from positive and negative control experiments for two well-defined mixtures: (0.25 mass fraction carbon nanotubes + polybutene) + toluene, and polybutene + toluene, are also provided. The values of the exponent nw are shown to be light hydrocarbon dependent. They increase from nw ~ 0.25 at low light hydrocarbon mass fraction up to nw ~ 0.50 at high light hydrocarbon mass fraction. An approximate solution to the composition profile arising during Single File diffusion is presented and used along with a standard composition profile for Fickian diffusion to simulate sets of free diffusion composition profiles in these complex mixtures. Three parameters: a Fickian mutual diffusion coefficient, a coefficient H fit to composition profile, and a composition dependent weighting function for the two diffusion mechanisms, are employed in the model. Outcomes, including Fickian mutual diffusion coefficients, order of magnitude estimates for Single File mobility coefficients and the roles of diluent type and asphaltene content on the controlling diffusion mechanism, and industrial implications are discussed.

Subjects/Keywords: Diffusion; Solvent Assisted Extraction; Heavy Oils

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APA (6^th Edition):

Alizadehgiashi, M. (2015). Diffusion Mechanisms Between Heavy Oils and Light Hydrocarbons. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/t435gg60v

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Alizadehgiashi, Moien. “Diffusion Mechanisms Between Heavy Oils and Light Hydrocarbons.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/t435gg60v.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Alizadehgiashi, Moien. “Diffusion Mechanisms Between Heavy Oils and Light Hydrocarbons.” 2015. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Alizadehgiashi M. Diffusion Mechanisms Between Heavy Oils and Light Hydrocarbons. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/t435gg60v.

Council of Science Editors:

Alizadehgiashi M. Diffusion Mechanisms Between Heavy Oils and Light Hydrocarbons. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2015. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/t435gg60v

Cape Peninsula University of Technology

12. Mpinga, Cleophace Ngoie. Removal and recovery of aluminium and sulphate ions from an alkaline medium using solvent extraction .

Degree: 2009, Cape Peninsula University of Technology

URL: http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/898

► Throughout the world, many water resources are polluted by industrial and domestic effluents, acid mine drainage, etc. The increasing awareness and concern about the environment… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Solvent extraction; Aluminium; Sulfides; Sulfates; Ions

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mpinga, C. N. (2009). Removal and recovery of aluminium and sulphate ions from an alkaline medium using solvent extraction . (Thesis). Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Retrieved from http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/898

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mpinga, Cleophace Ngoie. “Removal and recovery of aluminium and sulphate ions from an alkaline medium using solvent extraction .” 2009. Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Accessed January 18, 2021. http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/898.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mpinga, Cleophace Ngoie. “Removal and recovery of aluminium and sulphate ions from an alkaline medium using solvent extraction .” 2009. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Mpinga CN. Removal and recovery of aluminium and sulphate ions from an alkaline medium using solvent extraction . [Internet] [Thesis]. Cape Peninsula University of Technology; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/898.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Mpinga CN. Removal and recovery of aluminium and sulphate ions from an alkaline medium using solvent extraction . [Thesis]. Cape Peninsula University of Technology; 2009. Available from: http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/898

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of South Australia

13. Counter, James A. Gibbsite growth mechanism and influence of the aqueous phase for synthetic Bayer liquors.

Degree: PhD, 1997, University of South Australia

URL: http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/84384 ; http://arrow.unisa.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/unisa:43118

Subjects/Keywords: Aluminum.; Solvent extraction.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Counter, J. A. (1997). Gibbsite growth mechanism and influence of the aqueous phase for synthetic Bayer liquors. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of South Australia. Retrieved from http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/84384 ; http://arrow.unisa.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/unisa:43118

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Counter, James A. “Gibbsite growth mechanism and influence of the aqueous phase for synthetic Bayer liquors.” 1997. Doctoral Dissertation, University of South Australia. Accessed January 18, 2021. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/84384 ; http://arrow.unisa.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/unisa:43118.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Counter, James A. “Gibbsite growth mechanism and influence of the aqueous phase for synthetic Bayer liquors.” 1997. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Counter JA. Gibbsite growth mechanism and influence of the aqueous phase for synthetic Bayer liquors. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of South Australia; 1997. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/84384 ; http://arrow.unisa.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/unisa:43118.

Council of Science Editors:

Counter JA. Gibbsite growth mechanism and influence of the aqueous phase for synthetic Bayer liquors. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of South Australia; 1997. Available from: http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/84384 ; http://arrow.unisa.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/unisa:43118

Mississippi State University

14. Chen, Weiwei. ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF MUSCADINE (VITIS ROTUNDIFOLIA MICHX) EXTRACTS AS INFLUENCED BY SOLVENT EXTRACTION METHODS AND CULTIVARS.

Degree: MS, Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, 2011, Mississippi State University

URL: http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-07072011-105720/ ;

► Muscadine seeds from three cultivars (Carlos, Noble and Ison) were processed by 100% v:v methanol, 95% v:v ethanol and 70% v:v acetone. The acetone… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: cultivar; solvent extraction; antioxidant; antimicrobial; muscadine

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chen, W. (2011). ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF MUSCADINE (VITIS ROTUNDIFOLIA MICHX) EXTRACTS AS INFLUENCED BY SOLVENT EXTRACTION METHODS AND CULTIVARS. (Masters Thesis). Mississippi State University. Retrieved from http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-07072011-105720/ ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chen, Weiwei. “ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF MUSCADINE (VITIS ROTUNDIFOLIA MICHX) EXTRACTS AS INFLUENCED BY SOLVENT EXTRACTION METHODS AND CULTIVARS.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Mississippi State University. Accessed January 18, 2021. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-07072011-105720/ ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chen, Weiwei. “ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF MUSCADINE (VITIS ROTUNDIFOLIA MICHX) EXTRACTS AS INFLUENCED BY SOLVENT EXTRACTION METHODS AND CULTIVARS.” 2011. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Chen W. ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF MUSCADINE (VITIS ROTUNDIFOLIA MICHX) EXTRACTS AS INFLUENCED BY SOLVENT EXTRACTION METHODS AND CULTIVARS. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Mississippi State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-07072011-105720/ ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Chen W. ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF MUSCADINE (VITIS ROTUNDIFOLIA MICHX) EXTRACTS AS INFLUENCED BY SOLVENT EXTRACTION METHODS AND CULTIVARS. [Masters Thesis]. Mississippi State University; 2011. Available from: http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-07072011-105720/ ;

University of Alberta

15. Volk, Andrew James Alexander. Method and evaluation thereof of yeast extract separation on the growth of microalgae.

Degree: MS, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, 2014, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/cbz60cw41r

► Microalgae grow heterotrophically and produce high value pigments, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, feeds, and biofuels. The growth rate, nutrient medium, growth density, and oil content strongly affect… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: microalgae; separation; yeast extract; solvent extraction

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APA (6^th Edition):

Volk, A. J. A. (2014). Method and evaluation thereof of yeast extract separation on the growth of microalgae. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/cbz60cw41r

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Volk, Andrew James Alexander. “Method and evaluation thereof of yeast extract separation on the growth of microalgae.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/cbz60cw41r.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Volk, Andrew James Alexander. “Method and evaluation thereof of yeast extract separation on the growth of microalgae.” 2014. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Volk AJA. Method and evaluation thereof of yeast extract separation on the growth of microalgae. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/cbz60cw41r.

Council of Science Editors:

Volk AJA. Method and evaluation thereof of yeast extract separation on the growth of microalgae. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2014. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/cbz60cw41r

University of Alberta

16. Zhang, Mei. Role of Bitumen Viscosity in Bitumen Recovery from Athabasca Oil Sands.

Degree: MS, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, 2012, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/s4655g65z

► Viscosity, as a fundamental physical property of bitumen, has been studied extensively for the past several decades. By and large, nearly all the bitumen samples… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Solvent-assisted extraction; Bitumen viscosity; Bitumen recovery

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APA (6^th Edition):

Zhang, M. (2012). Role of Bitumen Viscosity in Bitumen Recovery from Athabasca Oil Sands. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/s4655g65z

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zhang, Mei. “Role of Bitumen Viscosity in Bitumen Recovery from Athabasca Oil Sands.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/s4655g65z.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zhang, Mei. “Role of Bitumen Viscosity in Bitumen Recovery from Athabasca Oil Sands.” 2012. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Zhang M. Role of Bitumen Viscosity in Bitumen Recovery from Athabasca Oil Sands. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/s4655g65z.

Council of Science Editors:

Zhang M. Role of Bitumen Viscosity in Bitumen Recovery from Athabasca Oil Sands. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2012. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/s4655g65z

University of Alberta

17. Mohammad Ali Pour, Mehdi. Pitch Production Using Solvent Extraction of Coal: Suitability as Carbon Anode Precursor.

Degree: MS, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, 2009, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/474299363

► Albertan coal has been used to produce extracts as precursor for production of anode coke. Coal extractability was studied using digestion with Tetralin in a… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Coal; solvent extraction; Carbon anode; mild liquefaction

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mohammad Ali Pour, M. (2009). Pitch Production Using Solvent Extraction of Coal: Suitability as Carbon Anode Precursor. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/474299363

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mohammad Ali Pour, Mehdi. “Pitch Production Using Solvent Extraction of Coal: Suitability as Carbon Anode Precursor.” 2009. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/474299363.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mohammad Ali Pour, Mehdi. “Pitch Production Using Solvent Extraction of Coal: Suitability as Carbon Anode Precursor.” 2009. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Mohammad Ali Pour M. Pitch Production Using Solvent Extraction of Coal: Suitability as Carbon Anode Precursor. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/474299363.

Council of Science Editors:

Mohammad Ali Pour M. Pitch Production Using Solvent Extraction of Coal: Suitability as Carbon Anode Precursor. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2009. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/474299363

18. Sereilakhena Phal. Monitoring of estrogen hormones in Songkhla Lake using HPLC-UV .

Degree: คณะวิทยาศาสตร์ ภาควิชาเคมี, 2015, Prince of Songkla University

URL: http://kb.psu.ac.th/psukb/handle/2010/10202

Subjects/Keywords: Estrogen; Solvent extraction

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APA (6^th Edition):

Phal, S. (2015). Monitoring of estrogen hormones in Songkhla Lake using HPLC-UV . (Thesis). Prince of Songkla University. Retrieved from http://kb.psu.ac.th/psukb/handle/2010/10202

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Phal, Sereilakhena. “Monitoring of estrogen hormones in Songkhla Lake using HPLC-UV .” 2015. Thesis, Prince of Songkla University. Accessed January 18, 2021. http://kb.psu.ac.th/psukb/handle/2010/10202.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Phal, Sereilakhena. “Monitoring of estrogen hormones in Songkhla Lake using HPLC-UV .” 2015. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Phal S. Monitoring of estrogen hormones in Songkhla Lake using HPLC-UV . [Internet] [Thesis]. Prince of Songkla University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: http://kb.psu.ac.th/psukb/handle/2010/10202.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Phal S. Monitoring of estrogen hormones in Songkhla Lake using HPLC-UV . [Thesis]. Prince of Songkla University; 2015. Available from: http://kb.psu.ac.th/psukb/handle/2010/10202

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Cape Peninsula University of Technology

19. Mougnol, Jean-Bedel Batchamen. Control of asphaltene precipitation and deposition during carbon dioxide flooding enhanced oil recovery .

Degree: 2018, Cape Peninsula University of Technology

URL: http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/2930

► Pentane solvent among the two other solvents, hexane and heptane, had a greater ability to extract asphaltene from three crude oils − A, B and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Asphaltene; Enhanced oil recovery; Solvent extraction

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mougnol, J. B. (2018). Control of asphaltene precipitation and deposition during carbon dioxide flooding enhanced oil recovery . (Thesis). Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Retrieved from http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/2930

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mougnol, Jean-Bedel Batchamen. “Control of asphaltene precipitation and deposition during carbon dioxide flooding enhanced oil recovery .” 2018. Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Accessed January 18, 2021. http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/2930.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mougnol, Jean-Bedel Batchamen. “Control of asphaltene precipitation and deposition during carbon dioxide flooding enhanced oil recovery .” 2018. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Mougnol JB. Control of asphaltene precipitation and deposition during carbon dioxide flooding enhanced oil recovery . [Internet] [Thesis]. Cape Peninsula University of Technology; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/2930.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Mougnol JB. Control of asphaltene precipitation and deposition during carbon dioxide flooding enhanced oil recovery . [Thesis]. Cape Peninsula University of Technology; 2018. Available from: http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/2930

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Melbourne

20. Quinn, James Edward. Synergistic solvent extraction of rare earth elements.

Degree: 2017, University of Melbourne

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/198114

► The separation of the rare earth elements is a difficult task owing to the chemical similarity of the lanthanides. The method most commonly utilised industrially… (more)

▼ The separation of the rare earth elements is a difficult task owing to the chemical similarity of the lanthanides. The method most commonly utilised industrially is solvent extraction using EHEHPA (2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid, mono-2-ethylhexyl ester). Due to the relatively small separation factors between adjacent lanthanides, a large number of equilibrium stages are required for the separation and a considerable amount of acid and base is consumed. In addition, recovery of the heavier rare earths from the solvent at the end of the process (stripping) requires quite high acid concentrations. In this work, mixed or synergistic extractants were examined to attempt to improve upon the conventional process using EHEHPA alone. Three classes of mixtures were studied using a combination of slope analysis and spectroscopy at process relevant extractant and metal concentrations. The first two systems, a mixture of EHEHPA with Cyanex 272 (bis-2,4,4-trimethylpentyl phosphinic acid) and the quaternary ammonium phosphonate ionic liquid R4N+EHEHP-, revealed antagonistic interactions that result in a lower stripping acidity, but also reduced loading capacity. 31P1H NMR spectroscopy showed that a mixed complex is formed with EHEHPA and Cyanex 272, but antagonistic interactions between the extractants are more significant for extraction results. For R4N+EHEHP-, the spectroscopic studies indicated that the extracted complex is exactly consistent with the corresponding EHEHPA-rare earth species. The quaternary ammonium ion moderates the rare earth extraction behaviour of EHEHPA by ion pairing with the phosphonate ion in a pH dependent interaction. The extraction results and spectroscopy for R4N+EHEHP- are consistent with a simple mixture of the quaternary ammonium chloride and EHEHPA once the organic phases are equilibrated at the same pH, in contrast with some reports in the literature. For the third and final class, two carboxylic acid containing mixtures were examined: CA-12 (sec-octylphenoxyacetic acid) with Cyanex 272, and a novel mixture of naphthenic acid and CA-12. The separation factors are largely determined by those of the components of the solvent mixture, and can be tailored somewhat by changing their proportion in the organic phase. The naphthenic acid/CA-12 solvent was therefore found to exhibit a promising set of separation factors for the extraction of lanthanides from yttrium, as yttrium is among the least extracted rare earth by both solvents. However, at elevated loading the separation factors revert to those of naphthenic acid alone, due to its considerably larger concentration. An analysis of the predicted capital and operating costs for several industrially relevant separations demonstrated that for most separations, the saving in stripping acid for the phosphonic/phosphinic acid mixture and R4N+EHEHP- is outweighed by an increase in equipment size due to the reduced loading capacity. However, for the separation of the heaviest elements, Lu and Yb, R4N+EHEHP- was found to be the best performing option…

Subjects/Keywords: solvent extraction; rare earth; synergism; antagonism

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APA (6^th Edition):

Quinn, J. E. (2017). Synergistic solvent extraction of rare earth elements. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Melbourne. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11343/198114

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Quinn, James Edward. “Synergistic solvent extraction of rare earth elements.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Melbourne. Accessed January 18, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11343/198114.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Quinn, James Edward. “Synergistic solvent extraction of rare earth elements.” 2017. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Quinn JE. Synergistic solvent extraction of rare earth elements. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/198114.

Council of Science Editors:

Quinn JE. Synergistic solvent extraction of rare earth elements. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/198114

Louisiana State University

21. Sharmin, Khurshida. Fabrication and Characterization of Miniaturized Components Based on Extruded Ceramic-Filled Polymer Blends.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2015, Louisiana State University

URL: etd-11132015-133833 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/919

► The objective of this work is to develop an improved manufacturing process for microstructured ceramic components that is based on co-extrusion. Co-extrusion of structured feedrods… (more)

▼ The objective of this work is to develop an improved manufacturing process for microstructured ceramic components that is based on co-extrusion. Co-extrusion of structured feedrods holds promise for development of multi-layered, functionally graded and/or textured structures. However, it requires a polymer binder that is difficult to remove before structures can be sintered to full density. A two-step debinding is introduced to eliminate debinding defects that are commonly observed in thermal debinding (TD). Cracking is a major issue due to a lack of pore spaces for outgassing of pyrolysis products in traditional TD. In two-step debinding, a soluble binder is removed partially by solvent extraction (SE) which creates a porous network and allows gases to escape in subsequent TD of remaining binder components. The feasibility of solvent extraction (SE) is documented for the extrusion of solid ceramic rods and co-extrusion of tubes, where alumina powder was batched with polyethylene butyl acrylate (PEBA) as backbone polymer and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as water soluble binder. SE for specimens with varying PEBA:PEG ratios were tested in water at three different temperatures for various times. Experiments were also performed with different grades of PEBA and EVA to investigate the effect of thermoplastics on SE. The 1:1 mixture showed a PEG removal up to 80wt.% of the original PEG content after 6h extraction. After subsequent thermal debinding, rods and tubes were sintered successfully without defects, demonstrating the viability of the process. Scanning electron microscopy and optical analysis were performed to characterize the process. In order to illustrate potential applications, microfluidic devices were manufactured using extrusion followed by hot embossing. Ceramic microfabricated components have advantages over silicon, glass or polymer devices in terms of their ability to sustain high temperatures without compromising their functional capabilities. Flat tapes were extruded to create substrates, which were subsequently embossing micro patterns using a brass metal mold. To seal the microchanneled feature, a glass slide was attached to the chip by thermal bonding. Though a good bond was obtained, small portions were found where poor bonding was observed. To check leakage, colored water was forced to flow through the channel,and no leakage of water was found. A low temperature sintered ceramic material was fabricated as a potential alternative to the commercial low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) tape. Overall, the study describes new possibilities for microstructure fabrication on ceramic based substrate and established the embossing process as a promising technique for fabrication.

Subjects/Keywords: sintering; thermal debinding; solvent extraction; microfabrication; alumina

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sharmin, K. (2015). Fabrication and Characterization of Miniaturized Components Based on Extruded Ceramic-Filled Polymer Blends. (Doctoral Dissertation). Louisiana State University. Retrieved from etd-11132015-133833 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/919

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sharmin, Khurshida. “Fabrication and Characterization of Miniaturized Components Based on Extruded Ceramic-Filled Polymer Blends.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Louisiana State University. Accessed January 18, 2021. etd-11132015-133833 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/919.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sharmin, Khurshida. “Fabrication and Characterization of Miniaturized Components Based on Extruded Ceramic-Filled Polymer Blends.” 2015. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Sharmin K. Fabrication and Characterization of Miniaturized Components Based on Extruded Ceramic-Filled Polymer Blends. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Louisiana State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: etd-11132015-133833 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/919.

Council of Science Editors:

Sharmin K. Fabrication and Characterization of Miniaturized Components Based on Extruded Ceramic-Filled Polymer Blends. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Louisiana State University; 2015. Available from: etd-11132015-133833 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/919

22. Olson, Jared R. Vanadium Extraction and Recovery by Alkaline Heap Leaching of Mineralized Material from the Gibellini Project in Eureka County, Nevada.

Degree: 2019, University of Nevada – Reno

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11714/5761

► Vanadium is an important metal used in ferrous and non-ferrous alloys, industrial catalysts, pigments and dyes, and as a charge carrier in vanadium redox flow… (more)

▼ Vanadium is an important metal used in ferrous and non-ferrous alloys, industrial catalysts, pigments and dyes, and as a charge carrier in vanadium redox flow batteries. Demand for and price of vanadium have increased in recent years, primarily due to a greater global demand from China. As the need for grid-level energy storage continues to expand, the demand for vanadium to be used in redox flow batteries is expected to grow as well. Low cost methods for vanadium extraction and recovery are required to ensure a stable and economic supply of vanadium. This study demonstrates that alkaline heap leaching with sodium hydroxide may be a low-cost alternative to conventional vanadium extraction methods.Vanadium in an oxidized state is known to be soluble in alkaline solutions, and historically, vanadium has been leached from finely ground ores with solutions of soda ash or caustic soda. Alkaline heap leaching of cement agglomerated ore is a proven low-cost method that is commonly used for extraction of gold and silver. It is proposed that these two proven processes could be combined into a single low-cost and effective method for vanadium extraction. In this work, this theoretical process was simulated at a laboratory scale to extract vanadium from a vanadium-bearing sample of mineralized material from the Gibellini Hill project in Eureka county, Nevada. At a commercial scale, this process would consist of cement agglomeration of a crushed vanadium ore and stacking in a heap, irrigation with sodium hydroxide solution, neutralization of the solution to remove impurities, and solvent extraction to upgrade the solution and further reject impurities. In a commercial circuit, vanadium from this solution would then be precipitated in an insoluble form such as ammonium metavanadate; however, this final step was not tested here. When simulating this process in the laboratory by column leach testing, a 68.8% vanadium extraction was observed in 44 days of leaching and rinsing. The primary impurities observed in the leach solution were aluminum and phosphorous. Aluminum was effectively removed by neutralizing the solution pH to 10 or lower, while phosphorous was rejected during solvent extraction processing. It was demonstrated that the vanadium contained in the leach solution could readily be extracted using Aliquat 336 based solvents. An extraction of 98.6% was observed, and a highly pure strip solution was produced by stripping the loaded organic with strong caustic solution. Sulfuric acid leaching is more commonly used for extraction of vanadium from its mineral sources, but alkaline leaching can have many benefits relative to acid leaching, including improved selectivity. The improved selectivity was demonstrated in this work using multi element analysis of pregnant solutions generated from both processes. In a heap leaching circuit, alkaline leaching would also enable the use of cement during agglomeration, which increases the strength of agglomerates and in turn reduces the risk of heap “ponding”. This may allow the leaching… Advisors/Committee Members: Chidambaram, Dev (advisor), Mushongera, Leslie (committee member), Abbasi, Behrooz (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Hydrometallurgy; Leaching; Mineral Processing; Solvent Extraction; Vanadium

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APA (6^th Edition):

Olson, J. R. (2019). Vanadium Extraction and Recovery by Alkaline Heap Leaching of Mineralized Material from the Gibellini Project in Eureka County, Nevada. (Thesis). University of Nevada – Reno. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11714/5761

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Olson, Jared R. “Vanadium Extraction and Recovery by Alkaline Heap Leaching of Mineralized Material from the Gibellini Project in Eureka County, Nevada.” 2019. Thesis, University of Nevada – Reno. Accessed January 18, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11714/5761.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Olson, Jared R. “Vanadium Extraction and Recovery by Alkaline Heap Leaching of Mineralized Material from the Gibellini Project in Eureka County, Nevada.” 2019. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Olson JR. Vanadium Extraction and Recovery by Alkaline Heap Leaching of Mineralized Material from the Gibellini Project in Eureka County, Nevada. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Nevada – Reno; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11714/5761.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Olson JR. Vanadium Extraction and Recovery by Alkaline Heap Leaching of Mineralized Material from the Gibellini Project in Eureka County, Nevada. [Thesis]. University of Nevada – Reno; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11714/5761

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Universidade Nova

23. Taqui, Syed Usman. Fractionation of hydro-ethanolic extracts from grape pomace through membrane processing: the effect of membrane and extracting media on process performance.

Degree: 2014, Universidade Nova

URL: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:run.unl.pt:10362/13289

►

The EM3E Master is an Education Programme supported by the European Commission, the European Membrane Society (EMS), the European Membrane House (EMH), and a large… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Grape pomace; Solvent extraction; Phenolic compounds; Organic solvent nanofiltration; Diafiltration

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APA (6^th Edition):

Taqui, S. U. (2014). Fractionation of hydro-ethanolic extracts from grape pomace through membrane processing: the effect of membrane and extracting media on process performance. (Thesis). Universidade Nova. Retrieved from http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:run.unl.pt:10362/13289

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Taqui, Syed Usman. “Fractionation of hydro-ethanolic extracts from grape pomace through membrane processing: the effect of membrane and extracting media on process performance.” 2014. Thesis, Universidade Nova. Accessed January 18, 2021. http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:run.unl.pt:10362/13289.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Taqui, Syed Usman. “Fractionation of hydro-ethanolic extracts from grape pomace through membrane processing: the effect of membrane and extracting media on process performance.” 2014. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Taqui SU. Fractionation of hydro-ethanolic extracts from grape pomace through membrane processing: the effect of membrane and extracting media on process performance. [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade Nova; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:run.unl.pt:10362/13289.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Taqui SU. Fractionation of hydro-ethanolic extracts from grape pomace through membrane processing: the effect of membrane and extracting media on process performance. [Thesis]. Universidade Nova; 2014. Available from: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:run.unl.pt:10362/13289

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Alberta

24. Amankwa, Lawrence N. Solvent extraction using rapid stirring and a porous membrane phase separator: thermodynamic and kinetic studies.

Degree: PhD, Department of Chemistry, 1990, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/gf06g436t

Subjects/Keywords: Extraction (Chemistry); Solvent extraction.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Amankwa, L. N. (1990). Solvent extraction using rapid stirring and a porous membrane phase separator: thermodynamic and kinetic studies. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/gf06g436t

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Amankwa, Lawrence N. “Solvent extraction using rapid stirring and a porous membrane phase separator: thermodynamic and kinetic studies.” 1990. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Alberta. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/gf06g436t.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Amankwa, Lawrence N. “Solvent extraction using rapid stirring and a porous membrane phase separator: thermodynamic and kinetic studies.” 1990. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Amankwa LN. Solvent extraction using rapid stirring and a porous membrane phase separator: thermodynamic and kinetic studies. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Alberta; 1990. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/gf06g436t.

Council of Science Editors:

Amankwa LN. Solvent extraction using rapid stirring and a porous membrane phase separator: thermodynamic and kinetic studies. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Alberta; 1990. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/gf06g436t

Rhodes University

25. Okewole, Adeleye Ishola. Application of bidentate N,N'-donor extractants in the hydrometallurgical separation of base metals from an acidic sulphate medium.

Degree: PhD, Faculty of Science, Chemistry, 2012, Rhodes University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002610

► Bidentate imidazole-based extractants, 1-octylimidazole-2-aldoxime (OIMOX) and 1-octyl-2-(2′-pyridyl)imidazole (OPIM), along with dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid (DNNSA) as a synergist, were investigated as potential selective extractants for Cu²⁺and… (more)

▼ Bidentate imidazole-based extractants, 1-octylimidazole-2-aldoxime (OIMOX) and 1-octyl-2-(2′-pyridyl)imidazole (OPIM), along with dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid (DNNSA) as a synergist, were investigated as potential selective extractants for Cu²⁺and Ni²⁺ respectively from base metals in a solvent extraction system. The study was extended to evaluate the sorption and separation of Ni²⁺ from other base metals in a solid-solution system using microspherical Merrifield resins and nanofibers functionalized with 2,2′-pyridylimidazole. Copper was effectively separated with OIMOX and DNNSA as extractants from nickel with ΔpH½ ≈1.05 and the extraction order of Cu²⁺ > Ni²⁺ > Zn²⁺ > Cd²⁺> Co²⁺ was achieved as a function of pH. At pH 1.65 the extracted copper, from a synthetic mixture of the base metals reached 90.13(±0.90)%, and through a two-step extraction process 98.22(±0.29)% copper was recovered with negligible nickel and cobalt impurities. Stripping of the copper from the loaded organic phase using TraceSelect sulphuric acid at pH 0.35 yielded 96.60(±0.44)% of the loaded quantity after the second stage of stripping. The separation of Ni²⁺ from the borderline and hard acids; Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Fe2²⁺, Fe²⁺, Mn²⁺, Mg2²⁺ and Ca²⁺ at a pH range of 0.5-3.5 with OPIM and DNNSA was acvieved to the tune of a ΔpH½≈ 1.6 with respect to cobalt from a sulfate and sulfate/chloride media. A three-stage counter-current extraction of Ni²⁺, at the optimized pH of 1.89, from a synthetic mixture of Ni²⁺, Co²⁺ and Cu²⁺, yielded 99.01(±1.79)%. The total co-extracted Cu²⁺ was 48.72(±0.24)% of the original quantity in the mixture, and it was 19.85(±0.28%) for Co²⁺. The co-extracted Cu²⁺ was scrubbed off from the loaded organic phase at pH≈8.5 by using an ammonium buffer, while co-extracted Co²⁺ was selectively and quantitatively stripped with H₂SO₄ at pH 1.64. The total recovery of Ni²⁺ by stripping at pH 0.32 was 94.05(±1.70)%. In the solid-liquid system, Ni²⁺ was separated from Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Fe²⁺ with the microspherical resins funtionalised with 2,2′-pyridylimidazole by a separation factor (β) in the range 22-45. Electrospun nanofibers as sorbents yielded high sorption capacity in the range of 0.97 - 1.45 mmol.g⁻¹ for the same metals ions. Thus, 1-octylimidazole-2-aldoxime (OIMOX), and1-octyl-2-(2′-pyridyl)imidazole (OPIM) can be effectively utilized alongside DNNSA as a co-extractant in the separation of Cu²⁺ and Ni²⁺ respectively from base metals in acidic sulfate medium in a solvent extraction process, and the latter as a selective ligand in the solid-liquid separation of Ni²⁺ from Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Fe²⁺. Advisors/Committee Members: Tshentu, Z.R..

Subjects/Keywords: Hydrometallurgy; Sulfates; Nanofibers; Electrospinning; Sorbents; Extraction (Chemistry); Solvent extraction; Stereochemistry

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Okewole, A. I. (2012). Application of bidentate N,N'-donor extractants in the hydrometallurgical separation of base metals from an acidic sulphate medium. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rhodes University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002610

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Okewole, Adeleye Ishola. “Application of bidentate N,N'-donor extractants in the hydrometallurgical separation of base metals from an acidic sulphate medium.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Rhodes University. Accessed January 18, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002610.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Okewole, Adeleye Ishola. “Application of bidentate N,N'-donor extractants in the hydrometallurgical separation of base metals from an acidic sulphate medium.” 2012. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Okewole AI. Application of bidentate N,N'-donor extractants in the hydrometallurgical separation of base metals from an acidic sulphate medium. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rhodes University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002610.

Council of Science Editors:

Okewole AI. Application of bidentate N,N'-donor extractants in the hydrometallurgical separation of base metals from an acidic sulphate medium. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rhodes University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002610

University of Edinburgh

26. Carson, Innis. Understanding the modes of action of solvent extraction reagents.

Degree: PhD, 2019, University of Edinburgh

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/35877

► Chapter 1 consists of a review of solvent extraction of metals, primarily focused on the fundamental chemical processes involved in the technique, and techniques previously… (more)

▼ Chapter 1 consists of a review of solvent extraction of metals, primarily focused on the fundamental chemical processes involved in the technique, and techniques previously applied to the elucidation of extraction mechanisms. Chapter 2 contains an explanation and discussion of the theoretical and experimental techniques employed in obtaining the results presented in later chapters. In Chapter 3, computational studies are presented which aim to explore the modes of action of two novel classes of reagent which have been found to function efficaciously as extractants for precious metals, and rationalise trends in the extractive strength and selectivity of these reagents observed through experiment. DFT formation energy calculations were found to reproduce experimentally-determined trends in the extractive strength of a series of amidoamine and amidoether extractants for platinum, as well as the apparent selectivity of these reagents for hexachloroplatinate (PtCl62−) over chloride, which is found to arise due to a wide array of hydrogen-bond donor groups within the extractant which leads to preferential association to larger anions. Favourability of protonation is found to be the primary determiner of extractive strength in reagents of this class. A contrasting mode of action was revealed for a class of selective amide extractants for gold, with DFT and classical molecular dynamics methods indicating the formation of large supramolecular aggregates of extractant units and tetrachloroaurate (AuCl4−) anions during the extraction process. Molecular dynamics results are consistent with, and allow the rationalisation of, results obtained from slope analysis and EXAFS experiments. Aggregate stability is found to be greater for primary amide extractants than for secondary or tertiary amide analogues, which is proposed as the origin of the superior selectivity for gold exhibited by primary amide extractants. In Chapter 4, the mode of action of commercial phosphinic acid extractant CYANEX® 272 in cobalt(II) extraction is investigated using a variety of techniques including inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and DFT geometry optimisation calculations. Extraction is found to proceed via differing mechanisms depending on the concentration of unassociated phosphinic acid in the system, with extended polymeric structures being formed at high levels of cobalt extraction, providing an explanation for observed increases in organic phase viscosity under such conditions. Similar techniques are applied in Chapter 5 to the case of iron(III) extraction by CYANEX® 272. A single mechanism was found to persist across all levels of Fe(III) extraction, though extraction experiments and 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy indicate that anions other than phosphinate must be incorporated into the extracted species. Results from ICP-OES and mass spectrometry suggest that species incorporating SO42− or HSO4− anions as well as O2− or OH− anions are formed during the extraction process.…

Subjects/Keywords: DFT; computational; solvent extraction; metallurgy; metals; extraction; hydrometallurgy

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APA (6^th Edition):

Carson, I. (2019). Understanding the modes of action of solvent extraction reagents. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Edinburgh. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1842/35877

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Carson, Innis. “Understanding the modes of action of solvent extraction reagents.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Edinburgh. Accessed January 18, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/35877.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Carson, Innis. “Understanding the modes of action of solvent extraction reagents.” 2019. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Carson I. Understanding the modes of action of solvent extraction reagents. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Edinburgh; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/35877.

Council of Science Editors:

Carson I. Understanding the modes of action of solvent extraction reagents. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Edinburgh; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/35877

University of Alberta

27. Karkooti, Amin. Aggregation and Sedimentation of Fine Solids in Non-Aqueous Media.

Degree: MS, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, 2014, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/j6731498g

► Environmental concerns about water-based extraction necessitate the development of an alternative non-aqueous extraction method. One of the challenges that any non-aqueous extraction process is encountered… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Paraffinic froth treatment; Sedimentation; Bitumen extraction; Oil sands; solvent-based extraction; Non-aqueous extraction

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Karkooti, A. (2014). Aggregation and Sedimentation of Fine Solids in Non-Aqueous Media. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/j6731498g

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Karkooti, Amin. “Aggregation and Sedimentation of Fine Solids in Non-Aqueous Media.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/j6731498g.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Karkooti, Amin. “Aggregation and Sedimentation of Fine Solids in Non-Aqueous Media.” 2014. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Karkooti A. Aggregation and Sedimentation of Fine Solids in Non-Aqueous Media. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/j6731498g.

Council of Science Editors:

Karkooti A. Aggregation and Sedimentation of Fine Solids in Non-Aqueous Media. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2014. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/j6731498g

University of Newcastle

28. Papoutsis, Konstantinos. Optimized conditions for the preparation of citrus by-product aqueous extracts enriched in polyphenols and antioxidants.

Degree: PhD, 2018, University of Newcastle

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1398745

►

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

A large amount of lemon (Citrus limon L.) by-product is annually generated by the juice industry and is… (more)

▼

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

A large amount of lemon (Citrus limon L.) by-product is annually generated by the juice industry and is usually disposed to the land, constituting a severe environmental problem. Several studies have shown that citrus waste could be a good source of polyphenols which are compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal properties. To date, the recovery of polyphenols from citrus by-products is performed by the use of organic solvents or their mixture with water. However, some disadvantages of the organic solvent use should be taken into consideration, including toxicity of organic solvent for human health and environment, solvent purchase and disposal costs, special storage requirements, and solvent residues in the final product. Pure water should be considered as an alternative solution, however, it leads to significantly lower recovery yields. The solution in this matter could be the application of appropriate drying conditions for high retention of polyphenols in the material before extraction, as well as the optimisation and selection of the extraction conditions employed for the recovery of polyphenols. After extraction polyphenols are prone to oxidation, and encapsulation should be employed for the protection of the extracted compounds. The encapsulation conditions, should be carefully selected, since inappropriate conditions could lead to a significant loss of polyphenols and antioxidants. According to the literature (Chapter 1) only a few studies have been conducted investigating the effect of different spray-drying conditions for the encapsulation of citrus extracts, using mainly whey protein isolate as a coating agent. Thus the current research was designed to address the following aspects: (i) investigating the effect of pre-treatment of the material before extraction on the retention of polyphenols and antioxidants, (ii) determining the optimum extraction conditions for polyphenols and antioxidants from lemon by-products, (iii) assessing the antifungal activities of the aqueous extracts against phytopathogenic fungi, and (iv) investigating the effect of different encapsulation conditions on the entrapment of polyphenols and antioxidants. The effect of three different drying techniques (freeze-drying, vacuum-drying, and hot air-drying) was investigated and the results showed that drying method significantly affects the physicochemical properties of the dried material, with hot air- and vacuum-drying techniques resulting in higher retention of polyphenols and antioxidants in the dried material compared to the freeze-drying. However, freeze-drying resulted in a dried product with significantly lower moisture content and water activity. In contrast to the freeze-drying, drying at high temperatures either by hot air- or vacuum-drying led to colour changes (browning) (Chapter 2). Two extraction techniques (hot water extraction (HWE) and aqueous ultrasound-assisted extraction (AUAE)) were optimised and compared with an organic solvent…

Advisors/Committee Members: University of Newcastle. Faculty of Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences.

Subjects/Keywords: citrus; polyphenols; antioxidants; extraction; ultrasound extraction; solid solvent extraction; encapsulation; freeze-drying; Alternaria

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Papoutsis, K. (2018). Optimized conditions for the preparation of citrus by-product aqueous extracts enriched in polyphenols and antioxidants. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Newcastle. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1398745

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Papoutsis, Konstantinos. “Optimized conditions for the preparation of citrus by-product aqueous extracts enriched in polyphenols and antioxidants.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Newcastle. Accessed January 18, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1398745.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Papoutsis, Konstantinos. “Optimized conditions for the preparation of citrus by-product aqueous extracts enriched in polyphenols and antioxidants.” 2018. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Papoutsis K. Optimized conditions for the preparation of citrus by-product aqueous extracts enriched in polyphenols and antioxidants. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Newcastle; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1398745.

Council of Science Editors:

Papoutsis K. Optimized conditions for the preparation of citrus by-product aqueous extracts enriched in polyphenols and antioxidants. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Newcastle; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1398745

North-West University

29. Ungerer, Maria Johanna. Separation of tantalum and niobium by solvent extraction / M.J. Ungerer.

Degree: 2012, North-West University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9850

► Niobium (Nb) and tantalum (Ta) are found in the same group (VB) of the periodic table of elements and therefore have similar chemical properties, which… (more)

▼ Niobium (Nb) and tantalum (Ta) are found in the same group (VB) of the periodic table of elements and therefore have similar chemical properties, which is the reason why they are difficult to separate. They are usually found together in various minerals of which the most important are columbite ((Fe, Mn, Mg)(Nb, Ta)2O6) and tantalite ((Fe, Mn)(Nb, Ta)2O6). Several methods have been used to separate Nb and Ta. Most methods use very high concentrations of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and sulphuric acid (H2SO4) as the aqueous phase, tributyl phosphate (TBP) as the extractant and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) as the organic phase. High extraction can be achieved, but the reagents used are hazardous. With the increasing demand of both pure Ta and Nb, as well as stricter environmental requirements, a need exists to develop a more efficient and safer technique to separate Ta and Nb. In this project the focus was on the solvent extraction (SX) of Ta and Nb with the possible application in a membrane-based solvent extraction (MBSX) process. For this purpose, eight different extractants were investigated, namely the cation exchangers di-iso-octyl-phosphinic acid (PA) and di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phosphoric acid (D2EHPA), the neutral solvating extractant 2-thenoyl-trifluoro- acetone (TTA), and the anion exchangers Alamine 336, Aliquat 336, 1-octanol, 2-octanol and 3-octanol. The extractant to metal ratio was varied from 0.1:1 to 10:1, while cyclohexane was used as diluent and 3% v/v 1-octanol was used as modifier for the organic phase. In addition, four different acids, hydrochloric acid (HCl), nitric acid (HNO3), sulphuric (H2SO4) and perchloric acid (HClO4), were used at different concentrations to determine the best combination for extraction. First, fluoride salts of Ta and Nb (Ta(Nb)F5) were tested and the optimum results showed that the highest extraction was obtained with PA and D2EHPA, irrespective of the type of acid used. Similarly, irrespective of the acid used, extraction with PA and D2EHPA increased with increasing acid concentration, followed by Alamine 336, Aliquat 336 and then TTA and the octanols. Extraction values of 97% Ta at 15 mol/dm3 and 85% Nb between 12 and 15 mol/dm3 were obtained. Although extraction of both Ta and Nb was achieved with all the acids tested, only H2SO4 showed sufficient separation (log D = 3) of the two metals in the 0 to 2 mol/dm3 acid range and 15 mol/dm3 for PA and D2EHPA, respectively. Precipitation, probably due to hydrolysis of the metals, occurred in the absence of acid when using Alamine 336, Aliquat 336 and TTA. The octanols showed the least amount of extraction of Ta and Nb, irrespective of the acid investigated. The optimum extraction was achieved with an E/M ratio of 3:1 of PA and D2EHPA as the extractant and 10 mol/dm3 H2SO4 in the aqueous phase. The NH4Ta(Nb)F6 salt solution was investigated using the optimum conditions for maximum extraction obtained from the Ta(Nb)F5 experiments, i.e. 4 mol/dm3 H2SO4 with an E/M ratio above 3:1 for the extractant PA and 4 mol/dm3 H2SO4 with…

Subjects/Keywords: Niobium; Tantalum; solvent extraction; membrane-based solvent extraction; Tantaal; vloeistof-vloeistof ekstraksie; membraan-gebaseerde vloeistof-vloeistof ekstraksie

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ungerer, M. J. (2012). Separation of tantalum and niobium by solvent extraction / M.J. Ungerer. (Thesis). North-West University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9850

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ungerer, Maria Johanna. “Separation of tantalum and niobium by solvent extraction / M.J. Ungerer. ” 2012. Thesis, North-West University. Accessed January 18, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9850.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ungerer, Maria Johanna. “Separation of tantalum and niobium by solvent extraction / M.J. Ungerer. ” 2012. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Ungerer MJ. Separation of tantalum and niobium by solvent extraction / M.J. Ungerer. [Internet] [Thesis]. North-West University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9850.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ungerer MJ. Separation of tantalum and niobium by solvent extraction / M.J. Ungerer. [Thesis]. North-West University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9850

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

NSYSU

30. Chen, Wei-Han. Determination of Silver in Seawater Using An Organic Complexation-Acid Extraction Method.

Degree: Master, Marine Geology and chemistry, 2012, NSYSU

URL: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0911112-184442

► Silver concentrations in natural water are very low and generally require preconcentration prior to instrumental analysis. Solvent extraction and anion exchange methods are the most… (more)

▼ Silver concentrations in natural water are very low and generally require preconcentration prior to instrumental analysis. Solvent extraction and anion exchange methods are the most commonly applied techniques for the determination of Ag in water samples. In this study, solvent extraction and anion exchange techniques are combined and modified to an âorganic complexation-acid extractionâ method. The procedure developed involves four steps: (1) a buffer is added and the pH of the solution is adjusted for optimization purpose; (2) APDC and DDDC chelating agents were added and the silver in the solution is organically complexed; (3) the solution was passed through AG-MP1 anion exchange resins and silver complexes and their flocculant were retained and; and (4) acid solutions were used to extract silver from the column for subsequent determination of sliver by a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. After the experiments, the optimal procedures were established as the following: The pH of a 1-L aqueous sample was adjusted to ~4.5 by adding a buffer solution. Aliquots of 2.5-mL solutions containing chelating agents (2% w/v each of APDC and DDDC) were added. After being mixed, the solution was passed through an anion exchange column (AG MP-1) and silver complexes (and their flocculated particles) retained. Two 0.5âmL aliquots of 6, 4 and 2 N HNO3 were used to extract Ag from the column, aided by sonication for 3 min during each extraction procedure. The final volume is 3 ml, yielding a concentration factor of ~333. Determination of sliver was done by a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The detection limit is 1.03 pM. This method was suitable for both freshwater and seawater samples, and was successfully applied for the determination of Ag in coastal and off-shore seawaters collected from coastal region off southwestern Taiwan. Advisors/Committee Members: Liang-Saw "CAT" Wen (chair), Su-Cheng Pai (chair), Kuo-Tung Jiann (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: silver; anion exchange method; solvent extraction; organic complexation-acid extraction method; southwestern Taiwan

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chen, W. (2012). Determination of Silver in Seawater Using An Organic Complexation-Acid Extraction Method. (Thesis). NSYSU. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0911112-184442

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chen, Wei-Han. “Determination of Silver in Seawater Using An Organic Complexation-Acid Extraction Method.” 2012. Thesis, NSYSU. Accessed January 18, 2021. http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0911112-184442.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chen, Wei-Han. “Determination of Silver in Seawater Using An Organic Complexation-Acid Extraction Method.” 2012. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Chen W. Determination of Silver in Seawater Using An Organic Complexation-Acid Extraction Method. [Internet] [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0911112-184442.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Chen W. Determination of Silver in Seawater Using An Organic Complexation-Acid Extraction Method. [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2012. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0911112-184442

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
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Open Access Theses and Dissertations