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Cornell University
1.
Ptak, Corey.
Formation Of Iron Complexes In Soil Organic Matter And Their Influence On Mobility And Bioavailability Of Antimony.
Degree: PhD, Environmental Toxicology, 2013, Cornell University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33832
► Antimony (Sb) is a metalloid belonging to group 15 of the periodic table. Chemical similarities between arsenic (As) and Sb produce concerns about potential health…
(more)
▼ Antimony (Sb) is a metalloid belonging to group 15 of the periodic table. Chemical similarities between arsenic (As) and Sb produce concerns about potential health effects of Sb and enrichment in the Environment. Sb is found in the environment as an oxyanionic species, antimonate (Sb(OH)6-). As a result of its net negative charge, antimonate was not initially predicted to have strong interactions with natural
organic matter. It has been suggested that oxyanionic species could bind the negatively charged
organic matter via a ternary complexation mechanism, in which cationic metals mediate the strong association between
organic matter functional groups and oxyanions. The structure of these complexes remains poorly characterized. XANES spectroscopy was performed on
organic soils amended with increasing iron levels in order to elucidate the structure of organically complexed iron. Humic acid complexes of iron were also synthesized and examined using XANES and Mossbauer spectroscopy. Two distinct iron sites were found in
organic materials. A monomeric iron site and an oligomeric site consisting of small clusters of iron at sub-oxide levels. Phosphate exchangeable Sb was predicted to represent the majority of
soil bound Sb. However, phosphate extractable Sb from soils is lower than anticipated. The affect to phosphate on Sb retention in
organic soils was examined. Phosphate addition significantly reduced Sb retention in
organic soils treated with Fe. The influence of organically complexed Fe on the mobility of Sb was assessed. Increasing Fe amendments resulted in an increase in Sb retention in
organic soils. Further examination of the bioavailability of Sb to maize seedlings as a function of organically complexed Fe was examined using a greenhouse study. An unexpected increase in plant tissue Sb was observed as organically complexed Fe increased, which was not predicted by extractions commonly used to assess bioavailable Sb. Extraction of soils with
organic acids common to the maize rhizosphere suggested that
organic acid exudation can readily mobilize Sb bound by
organic iron complexes. Overall, iron complexes in
soil organic materials were found to have significant implications on mobility and bioavailability of Sb. Additionally, methods used to assess bioavailable Sb underestimate Sb mobility in
organic soils.
Advisors/Committee Members: McBride, Murray Brian (chair), Ahner, Beth A (committee member), Duxbury, John M (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Antimony; Soil Organic Matter; Iron
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APA (6th Edition):
Ptak, C. (2013). Formation Of Iron Complexes In Soil Organic Matter And Their Influence On Mobility And Bioavailability Of Antimony. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33832
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ptak, Corey. “Formation Of Iron Complexes In Soil Organic Matter And Their Influence On Mobility And Bioavailability Of Antimony.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Cornell University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33832.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ptak, Corey. “Formation Of Iron Complexes In Soil Organic Matter And Their Influence On Mobility And Bioavailability Of Antimony.” 2013. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Ptak C. Formation Of Iron Complexes In Soil Organic Matter And Their Influence On Mobility And Bioavailability Of Antimony. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cornell University; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33832.
Council of Science Editors:
Ptak C. Formation Of Iron Complexes In Soil Organic Matter And Their Influence On Mobility And Bioavailability Of Antimony. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cornell University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33832

University of Minnesota
2.
Bye, Erik.
Chemical Characterization Of Soil Organic Matter In A Chesapeake Bay Salt Marsh: Analyzing Microbial And Vegetation Inputs.
Degree: MS, Water Resources Science, 2018, University of Minnesota
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/216311
► Blue carbon ecosystems play an outsized role in the burial and storage of organic matter compared to other ecosystems. Increasing CO2 levels, sea level rise,…
(more)
▼ Blue carbon ecosystems play an outsized role in the burial and storage of organic matter compared to other ecosystems. Increasing CO2 levels, sea level rise, and increasing temperature have been shown to influence the storage of organic matter in these environments. Changes to the stability of organic carbon stocks in these systems could have potentially significant affects to the current climate. For this reason, the stability of organic carbon stocks in these ecosystems must be understood at a deeper level to be able to predict how different environmental stressors will affect their stability. Through the combination of bulk organic matter analyses and biomarker methods, this project characterized the changes that organic matter underwent in a C3 and C4 plant-dominated marsh in the Chesapeake Bay to understand the degradation and stable soil organic matter formation process. Overall, the results support the MEMS framework that states soil organic matter is formed mainly through microbial degradation products that create stable organo-mineral complexes with the mineral soil fraction that resist degradation. The top section of each core shows a large decrease in labile materials coupled with indicators of microbial processing of organic matter. Overall, the formation of stable soil organic matter in this study was determined by the ecosystem properties instead of the initial input of organic matter.
Subjects/Keywords: lignin; matter; organic; soil
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Bye, E. (2018). Chemical Characterization Of Soil Organic Matter In A Chesapeake Bay Salt Marsh: Analyzing Microbial And Vegetation Inputs. (Masters Thesis). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11299/216311
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bye, Erik. “Chemical Characterization Of Soil Organic Matter In A Chesapeake Bay Salt Marsh: Analyzing Microbial And Vegetation Inputs.” 2018. Masters Thesis, University of Minnesota. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11299/216311.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bye, Erik. “Chemical Characterization Of Soil Organic Matter In A Chesapeake Bay Salt Marsh: Analyzing Microbial And Vegetation Inputs.” 2018. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Bye E. Chemical Characterization Of Soil Organic Matter In A Chesapeake Bay Salt Marsh: Analyzing Microbial And Vegetation Inputs. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/216311.
Council of Science Editors:
Bye E. Chemical Characterization Of Soil Organic Matter In A Chesapeake Bay Salt Marsh: Analyzing Microbial And Vegetation Inputs. [Masters Thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/216311

University of Adelaide
3.
Moata, Melinda Rosita Secentin.
Investigating the role of stoichiometry as an influence on soil phosphorus content and forms.
Degree: 2016, University of Adelaide
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/102557
► The elemental composition (stoichiometry) of soil organic matter (SOM) plays an important role in the dynamics of nutrient transformations in terrestrial ecosystems. Many previous studies…
(more)
▼ The elemental composition (stoichiometry) of
soil organic matter (SOM) plays an important role in the dynamics of nutrient transformations in terrestrial ecosystems. Many previous studies have reported several factors affect the stoichiometry of SOM (e.g. climate, land use,
soil properties) and confirmed a relatively constrained stoichiometry of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). On the other hand, correlations of C and N to phosphorus (P) in SOM are usually much weaker. This can partly be attributed to the fact that soils contain substantial quantities of inorganic as well as
organic P. Some studies have reported stronger correlations of
organic P than total P to the key elements of SOM (i.e. C and N), though are still not as strong as between C and N (mostly present as
organic N). There are multiple possible reasons for this, including limitations in the way
organic P is measured and the diversity of
organic P forms that may be present in soils. Recent advances in solution ³¹P NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) analysis provide an opportunity to reassess the stoichiometry of P in SOM, as NMR provides a detailed and quantitative assessment of the various classes of
organic P present in soils. Thus the implementation of solution ³¹P NMR analysis facilitates investigation of whether the weak overall stoichiometric relationships of P in SOM may be masking stronger stoichiometric control of particular SOM components or chemical forms. These issues are agronomic and environmental importance because
organic phosphorus represents a substantial pool of P in soils. Although
organic P is not directly plant available, it can become available to plants through microbial mineralisation. Understanding the processes involved would be of potential benefit to agricultural producers in assessing P fertility of soils and better estimating P fertiliser requirements and also to environmental managers in assessing the risk of P transfer from soils to water ways where excess P is a major cause of eutrophication. This thesis describes a range of activities aimed at improving understanding the role of stoichiometry of P in SOM. The main limitation of solution ³¹P NMR spectroscopy as a method for analysis of
soil P is the inherently low sensitivity of NMR. This results in long acquisition times (typically one day per sample) and hence low sample throughput. Furthermore, low sensitivity limits detection and quantification of species present in low concentrations. The first part of this thesis reports on efforts to improve sensitivity by tightening the ratio of
soil to solution in the extraction step preceding NMR analysis. The most commonly used procedure involves extraction with a mixture of NaOH and EDTA at a ratio of 1:20. A range of tighter extraction ratios down to 1:4 were tested for a set of four Red Chromosol topsoils with low P contents, and it was shown that at lower extraction ratios the signal to noise ratio of spectra was improved with little or no loss in extraction efficiency, there was no loss in signal resolution and no difference in…
Advisors/Committee Members: McNeill, Ann Marie (advisor), Smernik, Ronald Josef (advisor), Macdonald, Lynne (advisor), Doolette, Ashlea (advisor), School of Agriculture, Food and Wine (school).
Subjects/Keywords: soil phosphorus; stoichiometry; soil organic matter
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
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APA (6th Edition):
Moata, M. R. S. (2016). Investigating the role of stoichiometry as an influence on soil phosphorus content and forms. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/102557
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Moata, Melinda Rosita Secentin. “Investigating the role of stoichiometry as an influence on soil phosphorus content and forms.” 2016. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2440/102557.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Moata, Melinda Rosita Secentin. “Investigating the role of stoichiometry as an influence on soil phosphorus content and forms.” 2016. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Moata MRS. Investigating the role of stoichiometry as an influence on soil phosphorus content and forms. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/102557.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Moata MRS. Investigating the role of stoichiometry as an influence on soil phosphorus content and forms. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/102557
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Technical University of Lisbon
4.
Morillo Sierra, Alberto.
Estudo do comportamento de residuos orgânicos no solo.
Degree: 2012, Technical University of Lisbon
URL: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/5468
► Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
The food production is not only one of the main pillars of the Society but…
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▼ Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
The food production is not only one of the main pillars of the Society but also, undoubtedly one of the most important. The final consumer is increasingly aware of the importance of food and, as such, requires for their benefit, greater quantity, variety and quality of food, and that food producers have to adapt without fail, innovating and improving their production techniques.
Therefore it is necessary to call upon to the use of low-cost techniques which allow a quality and economically profitable sustainable production.
Once the environmental degradation is increasing, and intensive crops are known to increase that impact, it is a smart option to resort to the use of organic residues as fertilizers which, in turn, are more environmentally friendly and economically profitable.
We conducted a field test in order to study the behavior of different organic materials and its potential as crop fertilizer. The test was conducted using porous capsules and after the waste-filled capsules were buried, adjacent soil sampling was made, and this composition analyzed in order to determine its potential as a fertilizer. The mineralization of organic matter in the soil was also observed during the three months of the test (organic Matter, N, P and K).
Advisors/Committee Members: Cordovil, Cláudia Marques dos Santos, Mendonça, Amarilis de Varennes e.
Subjects/Keywords: organic waste; soil; mineralization; organic matter
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APA (6th Edition):
Morillo Sierra, A. (2012). Estudo do comportamento de residuos orgânicos no solo. (Thesis). Technical University of Lisbon. Retrieved from http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/5468
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Morillo Sierra, Alberto. “Estudo do comportamento de residuos orgânicos no solo.” 2012. Thesis, Technical University of Lisbon. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/5468.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Morillo Sierra, Alberto. “Estudo do comportamento de residuos orgânicos no solo.” 2012. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Morillo Sierra A. Estudo do comportamento de residuos orgânicos no solo. [Internet] [Thesis]. Technical University of Lisbon; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/5468.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Morillo Sierra A. Estudo do comportamento de residuos orgânicos no solo. [Thesis]. Technical University of Lisbon; 2012. Available from: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/5468
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Toronto
5.
Mitchell, Perry.
Wastewater Contaminant Sorption and Dissolved Organic Matter Characterization.
Degree: 2013, University of Toronto
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/35643
► Irrigation using reclaimed wastewater can introduce organic contaminants and dissolved organic matter (DOM) to soils. Sorption of three common organic wastewater contaminants to five soils…
(more)
▼ Irrigation using reclaimed wastewater can introduce organic contaminants and dissolved organic matter (DOM) to soils. Sorption of three common organic wastewater contaminants to five soils of diverse organic matter composition was studied both before and after the removal of soil carbohydrate and peptide components using acid hydrolysis. Results suggest that these polar components may block organic contaminants from accessing higher affinity sorption sites in soil organic matter. The sorptive fractionation of DOM by three mineral soils was studied to assess the terrestrial fate of this complex environmental matrix. Carboxyl- and aromatic-containing moieties appear to preferentially and reversibly sorb to mineral soils. Conversely, carbohydrate and peptide components of DOM preferentially remain in the aqueous phase while aliphatic moieties were selectively retained only by a soil with high surface area. This thesis illustrates that reclaimed wastewater should be applied to soils cautiously as it may degrade soil and groundwater quality.
MAST
Advisors/Committee Members: Simpson, Myrna J., Chemistry.
Subjects/Keywords: organic contaminants; dissolved organic matter; sorption; organic geochemistry; soil; soil organic matter; 0486
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Mitchell, P. (2013). Wastewater Contaminant Sorption and Dissolved Organic Matter Characterization. (Masters Thesis). University of Toronto. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1807/35643
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mitchell, Perry. “Wastewater Contaminant Sorption and Dissolved Organic Matter Characterization.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of Toronto. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1807/35643.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mitchell, Perry. “Wastewater Contaminant Sorption and Dissolved Organic Matter Characterization.” 2013. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Mitchell P. Wastewater Contaminant Sorption and Dissolved Organic Matter Characterization. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Toronto; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/35643.
Council of Science Editors:
Mitchell P. Wastewater Contaminant Sorption and Dissolved Organic Matter Characterization. [Masters Thesis]. University of Toronto; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/35643

Virginia Tech
6.
Sequeira, Cleiton Henrique.
Soil Organic Matter Dynamics in Cropping Systems of Virginia's Valley Region.
Degree: PhD, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, 2011, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37381
► Soil organic matter (SOM) is a well known indicator of soil quality due to its direct influence on soil properties such as structure, soil stability,…
(more)
▼ Soil organic matter (SOM) is a well known indicator of
soil quality due to its direct influence on
soil properties such as structure,
soil stability, water availability, cation exchange capacity, nutrient cycling, and pH buffering and amelioration. Study sites were selected in the Valley region of Virginia with the study objectives to: i) compare the efficiency of density solutions used in recovering free-light fraction (FLF)
organic matter; ii) compare different
soil organic fractions as sensitive indices of short-term changes in SOM due to management practices; iii) investigate on-farm effects of tillage management on
soil organic carbon (SOC) and
soil organic nitrogen (SON) stocks; and iv) evaluate the role of SOM in controlling
soil available nitrogen (N) for corn uptake. The efficiency of the density solutions sodium iodide (NaI) and sodium polytungstate (SPT) in recovering FLF was the same at densities of 1.6 and 1.8 g cm⁻³, with both chemicals presenting less variability at 1.8 g cm⁻³. The sensitivity of SOM fractions in response to crop and
soil management depended on the variable tested with particulate
organic matter (POM) being the most sensitive when only tillage was tested, and FLF being the most sensitive when crop rotation and cover crop management were added. The on-farm investigation of tillage management on stocks of SOC and total
soil N (TSN) indicated significant increases at 0–15 cm depth by increasing the duration (0 to 10 years) of no-tillage (NT) management (0.59 ± 0.14 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ and 0.05 ± 0.02 Mg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹). However, duration of NT had no significant effect on SOC and TSN stocks at 0–60 cm depth.
Soil available N as controlled by SOM was modeled using corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) plant uptake as response and several
soil N fractions as explanatory variables. The final model developed for 0–30 cm depth had 6 regressors representing the different SOM pools (active, intermediate, and stable) and a 𝑅² value of 65%. In summary, this study provides information about on-farm management affects on SOM levels; measurement of such effects in the short-term; and estimation of
soil available N as related to different
soil organic fractions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Alley, Marcus M. (committeechair), Thomason, Wade E. (committee member), Meisinger, John J. (committee member), Shang, Chao (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: soil nitrogen fractions; soil carbon fractions; soil quality; soil organic matter
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
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APA (6th Edition):
Sequeira, C. H. (2011). Soil Organic Matter Dynamics in Cropping Systems of Virginia's Valley Region. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37381
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Sequeira, Cleiton Henrique. “Soil Organic Matter Dynamics in Cropping Systems of Virginia's Valley Region.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37381.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Sequeira, Cleiton Henrique. “Soil Organic Matter Dynamics in Cropping Systems of Virginia's Valley Region.” 2011. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Sequeira CH. Soil Organic Matter Dynamics in Cropping Systems of Virginia's Valley Region. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37381.
Council of Science Editors:
Sequeira CH. Soil Organic Matter Dynamics in Cropping Systems of Virginia's Valley Region. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37381

University of Vermont
7.
Hampsch, Alyson.
Using Aqueous Soil Extracts to Study Organic Matter Leaching From Soils of Different River Corridor Land Covers in Vermont.
Degree: MS, Geology, 2016, University of Vermont
URL: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/660
► Soils represent an important terrestrial carbon (C) sink, storing up to three times the amount of atmospheric C, however climate and land use changes…
(more)
▼ Soils represent an important terrestrial carbon (C) sink, storing up to three times the amount of atmospheric C, however climate and land use changes may transform soils into C sources. River corridor (RC) soils and associated C are at risk to become mobilized by erosion such as bank failure and scour events. Once
soil-derived
organic C is transferred into the stream, microbial processes and photodegradation of the dissolved, labile (or bioavailable) fractions can lead to the production of CO2, which can evade and increase atmospheric CO2 levels. Because predicted increases in heavy precipitation will likely increase this type of riverine erosion, it is important to better understand the potential for the release of bioavailable C from RCs. One objective of this thesis was therefore to identify and characterize representative samples of soils from a typical Vermont RC for common land covers and simulate the production of dissolved
organic matter (DOM) during riverine
soil erosion. Field sites representative of typical agricultural and forested land uses were selected based on the analysis of 106 existing samples and resampled multiple times over the summer of 2015. Production of DOM from riverine erosion was simulated using aqueous
soil extracts (ASE), where
soil and water were shaken at fixed ratios followed by the separation of the extract. To study the characteristics of these extracts (which serve as analogue of stream water after erosion), water extractable C (WEOC) concentrations, water extractable nitrogen, fluorescence properties of DOM, and bioavailability were determined. Results indicated a common, dominantly terrestrial source material for all land covers, but C concentrations and fluorescence properties differed. High but variable amounts of
soil organic C and WEOC were observed in agricultural riparian and agricultural stream bank samples, and lower concentrations in agricultural field, forest, forest riparian, and forest stream banks. WEOC bioavailability was high in all agricultural land covers and low in forested land covers.
Because this study is the first in which ASE are used as analogues for stream water after riverine erosion, a second objective was to test laboratory methods used in this study for their effect on WEOC, fluorescence properties, and bioavailability. Specifically, the effects of
soil drying,
soil storage, and the effects of the extraction solution were tested. For this, ASE were prepared from soils that were field moist, dried, and after two years of storage. In addition, dried soils were extracted using different solutions including a salt solution, river water, and double deionized (DDI) water. Results indicated WEOC concentration and microbial humic-like fluorescence from extracts of dried soils were higher than those in extracts of field moist soils, while WEOC concentration and microbial humic-like fluorescence was highest in extracts of soils stored long term. In addition, the bioavailability of WEOC was higher in dried soils than field moist soils. The…
Advisors/Committee Members: Julia N. Perdrial.
Subjects/Keywords: Aqueous Soil Extract; River Corridor; Soil Organic Carbon; Soil Organic Matter; Soil Science
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Hampsch, A. (2016). Using Aqueous Soil Extracts to Study Organic Matter Leaching From Soils of Different River Corridor Land Covers in Vermont. (Thesis). University of Vermont. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/660
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hampsch, Alyson. “Using Aqueous Soil Extracts to Study Organic Matter Leaching From Soils of Different River Corridor Land Covers in Vermont.” 2016. Thesis, University of Vermont. Accessed March 04, 2021.
https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/660.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hampsch, Alyson. “Using Aqueous Soil Extracts to Study Organic Matter Leaching From Soils of Different River Corridor Land Covers in Vermont.” 2016. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Hampsch A. Using Aqueous Soil Extracts to Study Organic Matter Leaching From Soils of Different River Corridor Land Covers in Vermont. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Vermont; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/660.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Hampsch A. Using Aqueous Soil Extracts to Study Organic Matter Leaching From Soils of Different River Corridor Land Covers in Vermont. [Thesis]. University of Vermont; 2016. Available from: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/660
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Missouri – Columbia
8.
Veum, Kristen Sloan.
Characterization of soil organic matter under varying conservation management practices.
Degree: 2012, University of Missouri – Columbia
URL: https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/35195
► This study examined the effects of three conservation management practices (i.e., no-till, grass vegetative filter strips (VFS) and agroforestry VFS) and four landscape positions (i.e.,…
(more)
▼ This study examined the effects of three conservation management practices (i.e., no-till, grass vegetative filter strips (VFS) and agroforestry VFS) and four landscape positions (i.e., summit, shoulder, backslope and footslope) on many aspects of
soil organic matter (SOM) quantity and quality. Initial work indicated that losses of dissolved
organic carbon in runoff and stocks of
soil organic carbon were not significantly different among conservation management practices 10 years after installation; therefore more sensitive indicators of SOM quality were required to detect changes in SOM at this spatial and temporal scale. Using multiple physical, chemical and biological indicators, this study demonstrated that VFS enhance aggregate-associated
organic carbon in the particulate, adsorbed and occluded fraction, water-extractable
organic carbon, labile KMnO4-oxidizable
organic carbon, aggregate stability and microbial enzyme activity. Spectroscopic analysis of confirmed the greater proportions of partially degraded plant residues and a lower index of degradation under grass VFS. This may be the result of differing quantity and/or quality of
organic matter inputs to the
soil, or the result of differences in the decomposition rate due to protection in
soil aggregates under the perennial vegetation of VFS. Overall, this study contributes to a greater understanding of conservation management practices on a field scale, and has implications for the role of management practices in the global
soil carbon cycle.
Advisors/Committee Members: Goyne, Keith William (advisor), Motavalli, Peter Parviz (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: conservation management; landscape positions; soil organic matter
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Veum, K. S. (2012). Characterization of soil organic matter under varying conservation management practices. (Thesis). University of Missouri – Columbia. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/35195
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Veum, Kristen Sloan. “Characterization of soil organic matter under varying conservation management practices.” 2012. Thesis, University of Missouri – Columbia. Accessed March 04, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/35195.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Veum, Kristen Sloan. “Characterization of soil organic matter under varying conservation management practices.” 2012. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Veum KS. Characterization of soil organic matter under varying conservation management practices. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Missouri – Columbia; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/35195.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Veum KS. Characterization of soil organic matter under varying conservation management practices. [Thesis]. University of Missouri – Columbia; 2012. Available from: https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/35195
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Minnesota
9.
Ryan, Maeve Elizabeth.
Factors Controlling the Decomposition of Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Tissue and the Formation of Soil Organic Matter.
Degree: MS, Chemistry, 2019, University of Minnesota
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/206142
► The turnover of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi accounts for up to half of the organic carbon found in forest soils and therefore represents an important pathway…
(more)
▼ The turnover of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi accounts for up to half of the organic carbon found in forest soils and therefore represents an important pathway for the removal of carbon from the atmosphere to be stored belowground as long-lived soil organic matter (SOM). Understanding the flux of fungal necromass inputs to SOM, and their subsequent stabilization potential in forest soils, requires an understanding of the chemical changes that occur during the degradation of fungal tissue. Additionally, it is hypothesized that degradation of fungal necromass is slowed by high melanin content and accelerated by high nitrogen content. A field degradation study was carried out at the Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve in East Bethel, Minnesota. Necromass from four species of ECM fungi with varying degrees of melanization was buried in litter bags in a Pinus-dominated forest below the soil litter layer, allowed to degrade naturally, and harvested nine times over a period of 90 days. Harvest was more frequent during the first week to gain insight into the dynamic early decomposition period. Elemental analysis (EA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermochemolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (pyGCMS), including novel methods of quantifying the contribution from various types of biopolymers to the total remaining tissue, supplement mass loss data to provide an overview of the chemical changes that occur as fungal necromass decomposes. Each of the four species lost a significant amount of mass in the first seven days of incubation but, at the end of the three-month degradation sequence, a significant fraction of fungal necromass remained. This necromass was chemically distinct from undegraded necromass, containing more aromatic compounds, suggesting that the relative abundance of melanin, which is highly aromatic, increased as other cellular components degraded away. Although melanin content was hypothesized to slow degradation, a high-melanin species degraded at effectively the same rate as the two low-melanin species. Differences in degradation rates across species can be attributed to initial nitrogen content, while melanin content could explain differences in degradation rate within a species.
Subjects/Keywords: degradation; fungus; mycorrhiza; soil organic matter
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
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APA (6th Edition):
Ryan, M. E. (2019). Factors Controlling the Decomposition of Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Tissue and the Formation of Soil Organic Matter. (Masters Thesis). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11299/206142
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ryan, Maeve Elizabeth. “Factors Controlling the Decomposition of Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Tissue and the Formation of Soil Organic Matter.” 2019. Masters Thesis, University of Minnesota. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11299/206142.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ryan, Maeve Elizabeth. “Factors Controlling the Decomposition of Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Tissue and the Formation of Soil Organic Matter.” 2019. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Ryan ME. Factors Controlling the Decomposition of Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Tissue and the Formation of Soil Organic Matter. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/206142.
Council of Science Editors:
Ryan ME. Factors Controlling the Decomposition of Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Tissue and the Formation of Soil Organic Matter. [Masters Thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/206142

University of Minnesota
10.
Bruner, Valerie.
Chemical Characterization of the Degradation of Necromass from Four Ascomycete Fungi: Implications for Soil Organic Carbon Turnover and Storage.
Degree: MS, Chemistry, 2020, University of Minnesota
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/218666
► Terrestrial soils store approximately twice as much carbon as is currently in the atmospheric CO2 pool. Despite its importance in the global carbon cycle, much…
(more)
▼ Terrestrial soils store approximately twice as much carbon as is currently in the atmospheric CO2 pool. Despite its importance in the global carbon cycle, much is still unknown about the source, turnover, and stability of the soil organic matter (SOM) pool. For example, fungi are known to play an important role in shaping the chemistry of SOM by degrading common biopolymers, and fungal biomass has been found to be a significant portion of living microbial SOM, dominating over bacteria in some soils by as much as 90%. And yet, despite growing evidence that microbial necromass, or dead microbial tissue, may be a larger contributor to SOM than previously thought, very little is known about the specific degradation patterns of fungal necromass, and subsequently its potential chemical contributions to long-lived SOM pools. This study addresses these knowledge gaps through a time-series analysis of the degradation patterns of fungal tissue from four different saprotrophic Ascomyota species in temperate restored prairie soils. Fungal tissue was buried in a temperate soil and harvested at intervals from 1 day to one month. After harvest, chemical analysis of the dried tissue by thermochemolysis pyrolysis-GCMS was used for relative quantitation of compounds derived from lipids, aromatics, carbohydrates, nitrogen-containing, and unspecified residues. The degradation of these specific molecules, bulk fungal tissue, and bulk C and N within the tissue, is modeled to (1) show that a small portion of fungal necromass persists in the environment even after the period of the experiment and could serve as a contributor to long-lived SOM, and (2) provide quantitative information on the contribution of fungal tissue to global SOM pools.
Subjects/Keywords: fungi; GCMS; soil organic matter; thermochemolysis
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Bruner, V. (2020). Chemical Characterization of the Degradation of Necromass from Four Ascomycete Fungi: Implications for Soil Organic Carbon Turnover and Storage. (Masters Thesis). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11299/218666
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bruner, Valerie. “Chemical Characterization of the Degradation of Necromass from Four Ascomycete Fungi: Implications for Soil Organic Carbon Turnover and Storage.” 2020. Masters Thesis, University of Minnesota. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11299/218666.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bruner, Valerie. “Chemical Characterization of the Degradation of Necromass from Four Ascomycete Fungi: Implications for Soil Organic Carbon Turnover and Storage.” 2020. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Bruner V. Chemical Characterization of the Degradation of Necromass from Four Ascomycete Fungi: Implications for Soil Organic Carbon Turnover and Storage. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/218666.
Council of Science Editors:
Bruner V. Chemical Characterization of the Degradation of Necromass from Four Ascomycete Fungi: Implications for Soil Organic Carbon Turnover and Storage. [Masters Thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/218666
11.
Abney, Rebecca Brianne.
The role of erosion in soil organic matter and pyrogenic carbon dynamics in fire-prone temperate forests.
Degree: Environmental Systems, 2017, University of California – Merced
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/0mb6v7p2
► Wildfire and erosion are major perturbations to the global carbon cycle in dynamic, fire-affected ecosystems around the world, including temperate forest ecosystems in the Sierra…
(more)
▼ Wildfire and erosion are major perturbations to the global carbon cycle in dynamic, fire-affected ecosystems around the world, including temperate forest ecosystems in the Sierra Nevada. As a byproduct of fires, pyrogenic carbon (PyC) is formed due to incomplete combustion of biomass. PyC constitutes an important component of the soil carbon pool and has been noted for its long residence time in soil and its susceptibility to erosion. As part of my dissertation research, I determined the rate of PyC, bulk soil carbon, and other soil constituents erosion after two wildfires: the Gondola Fire that occurred in South Lake Tahoe in 2002, and the Rim Fire that affected parts of Yosemite National Park in 2013. I found significant and preferential erosion of PyC, and vertical mobilization of PyC down into the soil profile after the fires. The preferential erosion of PyC, and overall quality of the soil and eroded sediments were controlled by burn severity, with PyC from higher burn severity sites being more preferentially eroded. To assess the fate of PyC post-fire in dynamic landscapes, I incubated chars formed at different temperatures in soils from eroding and depositional landform positions. Both charring temperature and landform position played significant roles in controlling soil respiration, with the lower temperature chars and the soil from the depositional landform position having much higher respiration than higher temperature chars and the soil from the eroding landform position. The difference in breakdown rates of PyC in soil from different landform positions demonstrates the importance of considering landform position as a control on PyC persistence in soil and that the interaction between charring temperature and landform position plays a significant role in the persistence of PyC. The post-fire erosional transport of PyC may act in a feedback to enhance or decrease overall PyC and bulk carbon stocks in soil. In a modeling exercise, I showed that explicit consideration for erosional loss (from eroding slope positions) and depositional gain (in lower-lying depositional landform positions) of PyC in soil can have its mean residence time in soil. I found that ignoring the role of erosional lateral distribution on PyC dynamics can introduce error in estimated turnover times of up to 150 years. Among the major accomplishments of my dissertation project include the realistic integration of biogeochemical and geomorphological approaches to derive improved representation of mechanisms that regulate soil carbon persistence in dynamic landscapes that routinely experience more than one perturbation. Findings from my dissertation research will have far reaching implications for improving our understanding of fate of terrestrial carbon after it enters streams and other aquatic systems. Furthermore, results of this project will play important role in establishing how the interaction of fire and erosion will play out under anticipated climate change scenarios, and the implications of these interactions on biogeochemical…
Subjects/Keywords: Soil sciences; Biogeochemistry; Ecology; Erosion; Fire; organic matter stabilization; Pyrogenic carbon; Soil organic matter
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Abney, R. B. (2017). The role of erosion in soil organic matter and pyrogenic carbon dynamics in fire-prone temperate forests. (Thesis). University of California – Merced. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/0mb6v7p2
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Abney, Rebecca Brianne. “The role of erosion in soil organic matter and pyrogenic carbon dynamics in fire-prone temperate forests.” 2017. Thesis, University of California – Merced. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/0mb6v7p2.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Abney, Rebecca Brianne. “The role of erosion in soil organic matter and pyrogenic carbon dynamics in fire-prone temperate forests.” 2017. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Abney RB. The role of erosion in soil organic matter and pyrogenic carbon dynamics in fire-prone temperate forests. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Merced; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/0mb6v7p2.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Abney RB. The role of erosion in soil organic matter and pyrogenic carbon dynamics in fire-prone temperate forests. [Thesis]. University of California – Merced; 2017. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/0mb6v7p2
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Colorado State University
12.
Campbell, Eleanor Elizabeth.
Modeling soil organic matter: theory, development, and applications in bioenergy cropping systems.
Degree: PhD, Ecology, 2015, Colorado State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/167140
► Soil organic matter (SOM) is a complex, dynamic, and highly variable soil constituent that is of fundamental importance to many soil functions, terrestrial ecosystem processes,…
(more)
▼ Soil organic matter (SOM) is a complex, dynamic, and highly variable
soil constituent that is of fundamental importance to many
soil functions, terrestrial ecosystem processes, and biogeochemical cycles. Its importance extends across scales, ranging from site-specific impacts on
soil fertility to the global net exchange of carbon between terrestrial systems and the atmosphere.
Soil organic matter is impacted by human activities, as seen most directly in agricultural systems. In this context, SOM models play an important role in integrating the understanding of complex, interacting
soil processes across temporal and spatial scales, contributing to land use decision making by providing comparative evaluation of
soil impacts associated with different management practices. Crop-based bioenergy feedstock productions systems are an emerging area for these types of SOM model applications. However, model evaluations are dependent on the theoretical basis of a given SOM model, as well as the quality of data used to drive the model for a given system or management scenario. This study therefore explores linkages between advances in the theoretical understanding of SOM dynamics, the development of SOM models to reflect these advances, and the application of SOM models to assess crop-based bioenergy production systems. First, five emerging areas in SOM research were reviewed in the context of SOM models, including SOM stabilization mechanisms, saturation kinetics, temperature sensitivity, dynamics in deep soils, and incorporation into earth system models. These reviews demonstrated the importance of identifying where SOM model development and applications are most limited, whether in theoretical understanding, in model implementation, or in data availability. For example, SOM saturation kinetics is theoretically well understood but remains difficult to implement in SOM models, only yielding improvements in a narrow set of ecological conditions. SOM temperature sensitivity and deep
soil dynamics, however, are more limited by poor data availability in addition to poor theoretical understanding of interacting processes. A selection of shortfalls in SOM modeling were then addressed and explored with the Litter Decomposition and Leaching (LIDEL) model, a litter decomposition model that incorporates dynamic microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) and yields dissolved
organic carbon (DOC) as one of the byproducts of litter decomposition. In this analysis a hierarchical Bayesian statistical approach was used to test model performance and estimate unknown model parameters using experimental data. While this analysis showed the LIDEL model successfully integrates hypotheses for litter nitrogen and lignin controls on dynamic microbial CUE and the generation of DOC from litter decomposition, there remains a great deal of uncertainty in the rate of microbial biomass turnover as well as the proportioning of biomass from microbial turnover between solid versus soluble microbial products. Targeted experimental evaluation of the generation of…
Advisors/Committee Members: Paustian, Keith (advisor), Parton, William B. (committee member), Cotrufo, M. Francesca (committee member), Reardon, Kenneth F. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: crop-based bioenergy; soil organic matter; sugarcane; DayCent; corn stover; soil organic matter modeling
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Campbell, E. E. (2015). Modeling soil organic matter: theory, development, and applications in bioenergy cropping systems. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/167140
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Campbell, Eleanor Elizabeth. “Modeling soil organic matter: theory, development, and applications in bioenergy cropping systems.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado State University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10217/167140.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Campbell, Eleanor Elizabeth. “Modeling soil organic matter: theory, development, and applications in bioenergy cropping systems.” 2015. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Campbell EE. Modeling soil organic matter: theory, development, and applications in bioenergy cropping systems. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/167140.
Council of Science Editors:
Campbell EE. Modeling soil organic matter: theory, development, and applications in bioenergy cropping systems. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/167140

Colorado State University
13.
Soong, Jennifer L.
Moving beyond mass loss: advancing understanding about the fate of decomposing leaf litter and pyrogenic organic matter in the mineral soil.
Degree: PhD, Ecology, 2014, Colorado State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/83819
► Leaf litter decomposition recycles the energy and nutrients fixed by plants during net primary productivity back to the soil and atmosphere from where they came.…
(more)
▼ Leaf litter decomposition recycles the energy and nutrients fixed by plants during net primary productivity back to the
soil and atmosphere from where they came. Traditionally, leaf litter decomposition studies have focused on litter mass loss rates, without consideration for where that mass ends up in the ecosystem. However, during litter decomposition by
soil microbes a fraction of the litter mass lost is truly lost to the ecosystem as respired CO2, while another fraction remains in the ecosystem stored in the
soil as
soil organic matter (SOM). SOM is heterogeneous in composition, with various SOM pools remaining stored in the
soil for time spans ranging from days to millennia depending on their biochemical and physical properties. Pyrogenic
organic matter (py-OM) is the partially combusted plant residue left behind by fires, and has been found to contribute to long term SOM pools. SOM accounts for the largest terrestrial pool of carbon (C) in the global C cycle and stores nitrogen (N) and other nutrients for plant productivity. Therefore the formation of SOM during litter decomposition is critical to terrestrial C and N cycling and its feedback to global biogeochemical cycles. The focus of my dissertation is the study of leaf litter and py-OM decomposition, and quantitatively tracing how much decomposing litter and py-OM is used by
soil microbes, how much is lost as CO2, and how much remains in the
soil and contributes to SOM formation under different conditions. In order to best address my research questions, I first studied the methods of leaching of dissolved
organic carbon (DOC) and 13C and 15N isotope labeling of plant material in the laboratory. Then, I conducted a laboratory incubation where I found that the amount of hot water extractable C and the lignocellulose index (Lignin/(lignin+cellulose)) can be used to predict DOM leaching, and the partitioning of C loss between DOC and CO2 from leaves and py-OM during decomposition. I also conducted two field studies using 13C and 15N labeled Andropogon gerardii leaf litter and py-OM to trace the fate of C and N losses during their decomposition in a fire affected tallgrass prairie, and understand the role of
soil microarthropods in this process. I found that
soil microarthropods increase the amount of leaf litter C that contributes to stabilized SOM formation during litter decomposition, by increasing litter inputs to the
soil where they can be utilized by
soil microbes. Finally, I found that frequent inputs of py-OM, rather than litter, due to annual burning of the tallgrass prairie alters the SOM formation process by removing relatively labile litter inputs to the
soil and replacing it with py-OM that is unusable by
soil microbes. Overall, my dissertation has focused on taking a mechanistic approach to understanding the process of litter and py-OM decomposition, and how their decomposition contributes to SOM formation and ecosystem CO2 fluxes. My results have helped to improve our understanding of terrestrial biogeochemistry, and the…
Advisors/Committee Members: Cotrufo, M. Francesca (advisor), Wallenstein, Matthew (committee member), Knapp, Alan (committee member), Parton, William (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: pyrogenic organic matter; soil respiration; soil ecology; dissolved organic matter; litter decomposition; microbial ecology
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Soong, J. L. (2014). Moving beyond mass loss: advancing understanding about the fate of decomposing leaf litter and pyrogenic organic matter in the mineral soil. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/83819
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Soong, Jennifer L. “Moving beyond mass loss: advancing understanding about the fate of decomposing leaf litter and pyrogenic organic matter in the mineral soil.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado State University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10217/83819.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Soong, Jennifer L. “Moving beyond mass loss: advancing understanding about the fate of decomposing leaf litter and pyrogenic organic matter in the mineral soil.” 2014. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Soong JL. Moving beyond mass loss: advancing understanding about the fate of decomposing leaf litter and pyrogenic organic matter in the mineral soil. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/83819.
Council of Science Editors:
Soong JL. Moving beyond mass loss: advancing understanding about the fate of decomposing leaf litter and pyrogenic organic matter in the mineral soil. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/83819

University of Saskatchewan
14.
Mycock, Amanda.
Characterizing organic matter and nutrient status in smelter-affected soils.
Degree: 2011, University of Saskatchewan
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2011-07-17
► Forest vegetation dieback has occurred around Flin Flon, Manitoba and Creighton, Saskatchewan since the beginning of the 20th century, when sulphide ore smelting began in…
(more)
▼ Forest vegetation dieback has occurred around Flin Flon, Manitoba and Creighton, Saskatchewan since the beginning of the 20th century, when sulphide ore smelting began in the area. In order to support future revegetation strategies, evaluation of
soil organic matter (SOM) quality and quantity and
soil nutrient status variation in the area is necessary. This study focused on the spatial variation of SOM and
soil nutrient status, particularly in relation to percentage plant (ground and woody species) cover.
Soil nutrient status and other
soil properties were also evaluated based on direction around the smelter.
To identify spatial variation of SOM and
soil nutrient properties, two 3-km transects were established North and South of the smelting stack and
soil samples were collected every 100 m. To identify variation in
soil nutrients and other properties based on direction around the smelter, eight 200-m by 200-m grids were established at each cardinal and ordinal direction, 3-km from the smelter. Soils were classified as mineral or
organic, and percentage ground species and woody species cover was measured at each sample point. Transect samples were analyzed for SOM fractions including light fraction (LF) weight, LF and heavy faction (HF) carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content, water extractable
organic carbon (WEOC) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN). Whole
soil samples from the transects and grids were analyzed for total
organic C (TOC), total N (TN) and total sulphur (TS), as well as exchangeable cations, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, pH and clay content. Transect data was analyzed with non-metric multidimensional scaling and ordination to determine significant variables related to percentage ground and woody cover and/or distance from the smelter, for mineral and
organic soils separately. Differences in
soil characteristics between grids were identified using Kruskal-Wallis analysis of distribution and the median test of independent samples.
Results varied depending on mineral or
organic soil classification. Percentage ground and woody species cover ranged from 0% to 90%. Light fraction and HF results were within a range seen in previous boreal forest studies and had median C to N of ~ 30 – 45 and ~20 - 30 for LF and HF, respectively. Low values of WEOC (mineral
soil median between ~ 2 to 5 mg C kg-1
soil;
organic soil median between ~ 28 to 60 mg C kg-1
soil) and TDN (mineral
soil median between ~ 0.4 to 1 mg N kg-1
soil;
organic soil median between ~ 4 to 9 mg N kg-1
soil) were identified. Non-metric multidimensional scaling and ordinations indicated the significant variables related to plant cover varied between mineral and
organic soils. In mineral soils, cation and cation exchange variables were most significantly (P = 0.001) correlated to ordinations; however, percentage ground species and woody species cover vectors grouped with SOM quality and quantity vectors (LF-C:N, HF-C:N, LF-N and TDN) indicating SOM variables are more related to plant cover than other variables analyzed. In
organic soils,…
Advisors/Committee Members: Bedard-Haughn, Angela, Farrell, Richard, Walley, Fran, Maulé, Charles.
Subjects/Keywords: Soil; soil organic matter; smelter; forest dieback; carbon; nitrogen; soil quality.
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Mycock, A. (2011). Characterizing organic matter and nutrient status in smelter-affected soils. (Thesis). University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2011-07-17
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mycock, Amanda. “Characterizing organic matter and nutrient status in smelter-affected soils.” 2011. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2011-07-17.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mycock, Amanda. “Characterizing organic matter and nutrient status in smelter-affected soils.” 2011. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Mycock A. Characterizing organic matter and nutrient status in smelter-affected soils. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2011-07-17.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Mycock A. Characterizing organic matter and nutrient status in smelter-affected soils. [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2011-07-17
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Colorado State University
15.
Leichty, Sarah I.
Residue-derived carbon transformations with altered residue management in an irrigated corn system in Colorado.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Ecology, 2019, Colorado State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/197335
► Soil plays an essential role in storing carbon (C) and nutrients regulating climate and sustaining food production. As such, it is important to understand how…
(more)
▼ Soil plays an essential role in storing carbon (C) and nutrients regulating climate and sustaining food production. As such, it is important to understand how human activities affect C cycling in
soil. Agricultural lands, particularly croplands, comprise some of the most managed areas of the world. We have the potential to positively impact C sequestration in croplands by understanding how residue management affects the C mineralization as well as the formation and stabilization of
soil organic C (SOC). No-till (NT), which leaves residue on the surface, has been proposed as the superior residue management for building SOC due to a decreased rate of residue and existing SOC decomposition. Conventional tillage (CT), which breaks aggregates while incorporating residue into the
soil, is thought to result in less SOC storage through increased residue and SOC decomposition, and
soil erosion. However, NT does not always result in higher SOC storage than CT when measuring total profile stocks and the gains might not be stable in a changing climate. I studied a semi-arid, irrigated, corn system where gains in surface SOC but losses at depth had been observed because of conversion to NT. I studied the effect of altered residue management by mimicking NT and CT residue placement and
soil disturbance and followed the residue-derived C into
soil respiration (CO2) and physically defined SOC pools. I applied isotopically labeled (13C) residue either on the
soil surface (NT) or incorporated into the
soil (CT), which allowed me to track losses and transformations of residue C under different residue placement. A third treatment with surface-applied residue following
soil disturbance tested the effect of disturbing aggregates during tillage. I collected
soil respiration measurements and determined its isotopic composition for twelve months following residue addition to understand how residue location and
soil disturbance affected the rate of total CO2 efflux, and of their component fractions (i.e., derived from residue vs. derived from
soil). As reported in Chapter 2, I found that incorporated residue had higher residue-derived respiration in the first six months ("off season"), but surface-applied residue had higher residue-derived respiration during the later six months ("growing season"). Growing season respiration rates were higher and driven largely by warmer temperature and more available water (i.e. irrigation events) than in the off season. Thus, the growing season trend dictated the full year trend with surface residue more vulnerable to loss as CO2 efflux compared to incorporated residue that was likely protected from decomposition by the
soil matrix presumably from either aggregation or mineral associations. Following, I tracked the fate of the remaining residue C by measuring SOC pools with varying levels of stability and report these results in Chapter 3. I harvested incorporated and surface-applied residue treatments six months after residue addition. I found that incorporated residue had more residue-derived C in…
Advisors/Committee Members: Cotrufo, M. Francesca (advisor), Stewart, Catherine (advisor), Conant, Richard (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: soil carbon; soil organic matter; tillage; soil health; irrigation; stable isotopes
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MLA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Leichty, S. I. (2019). Residue-derived carbon transformations with altered residue management in an irrigated corn system in Colorado. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/197335
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Leichty, Sarah I. “Residue-derived carbon transformations with altered residue management in an irrigated corn system in Colorado.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10217/197335.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Leichty, Sarah I. “Residue-derived carbon transformations with altered residue management in an irrigated corn system in Colorado.” 2019. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Leichty SI. Residue-derived carbon transformations with altered residue management in an irrigated corn system in Colorado. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/197335.
Council of Science Editors:
Leichty SI. Residue-derived carbon transformations with altered residue management in an irrigated corn system in Colorado. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/197335

University of Manchester
16.
Ashton, Nicola Jane.
Holistic characterisation of soils developed on contrasting lithologies, in a temperate climate.
Degree: PhD, 2014, University of Manchester
URL: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/holistic-characterisation-of-soils-developed-on-contrasting-lithologies-in-a-temperate-climate(3e0b006c-60f5-4814-8f2a-101c2b9c7bba).html
;
http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.626971
► The influence of parent lithology on the development of soil biogeochemical environments and their microbial diversity is explored by characterising soil profiles with respect to…
(more)
▼ The influence of parent lithology on the development of soil biogeochemical environments and their microbial diversity is explored by characterising soil profiles with respect to their mineral, solution and organic chemistry. Soil profiles were collected from a total of 17 sites, above basalt, granodiorite, shale, sandstone and limestone, across Northern Ireland. The soil system developed above basalt was examined to assess the development of soil bio-physicochemical properties and microbial diversity through the profile. These basalt soils showed two distinct horizons have developed in the previous 15’000 years, where soils from the top 20 cm of the profile were highly influenced by the interactions of soil minerals with soil organic and biological processes. In line with the observed differences in soil properties the microbial community structure varied; in the surface soils the community composition was dominated by root-associated bacteria. However the relative abundance of phyla affiliated with nutrient-limited conditions increased in samples from the base of the profile. Detailed examination of the soil profiles above granodiorite, shale, sandstone and limestone revealed large variations in soil geochemistry between profiles, reflecting the mineral geochemistry of the parent rock. Molecular analysis of SOM revealed compositional changes with depth were comparable between profiles; however TOC concentrations were consistently higher in the soil profiles above basalt suggesting greater stabilisation of SOM in these soils. The chemistry of the soil waters was not reflective of the parent rocks; however variations in soil texture, specifically the abundance of less reactive residual minerals in the sandstone and limestone soils, led to higher concentrations of soluble elements in these soils. Soil pH and DOC were found to have a large control on buffering the release of free Al, Cr and Fe ions into solution. The microbial communities in near-surface soils were similar to each other, regardless of lithology, and were dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria. However microbial diversity shifted with depth; the abundance of Actinobacteria decreased and Nitrospirae increased, and between rock types where soils next to the basalt, shale and granodiorite bedrock contained sequences affiliated with novel Candidate Phyla AD3 and GAL15. In these soils differences in SOM composition were the main driver of the observed variation with depth, however where labile SOM was depleted, mineral and solution geochemistry may have a larger control on the community composition. To assess the influence of parent lithology on selenium mobility, soils above basalt and granodiorite were amended with sodium selenate. Under anaerobic conditions, the proportion of soluble selenate removed varied (39-77 %) depending on the sample through a combination of abiotic and microbial reduction processes. However, under aerobic conditions, larger concentrations of selenate remained in solution (79-100%).
Subjects/Keywords: 551.9; Soil; Soil Geochemistry; Soil Parent Lithology; Soil Organic Matter; Microbial Diversity; Soil Waters; Selenium
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Ashton, N. J. (2014). Holistic characterisation of soils developed on contrasting lithologies, in a temperate climate. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/holistic-characterisation-of-soils-developed-on-contrasting-lithologies-in-a-temperate-climate(3e0b006c-60f5-4814-8f2a-101c2b9c7bba).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.626971
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ashton, Nicola Jane. “Holistic characterisation of soils developed on contrasting lithologies, in a temperate climate.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed March 04, 2021.
https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/holistic-characterisation-of-soils-developed-on-contrasting-lithologies-in-a-temperate-climate(3e0b006c-60f5-4814-8f2a-101c2b9c7bba).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.626971.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ashton, Nicola Jane. “Holistic characterisation of soils developed on contrasting lithologies, in a temperate climate.” 2014. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Ashton NJ. Holistic characterisation of soils developed on contrasting lithologies, in a temperate climate. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/holistic-characterisation-of-soils-developed-on-contrasting-lithologies-in-a-temperate-climate(3e0b006c-60f5-4814-8f2a-101c2b9c7bba).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.626971.
Council of Science Editors:
Ashton NJ. Holistic characterisation of soils developed on contrasting lithologies, in a temperate climate. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2014. Available from: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/holistic-characterisation-of-soils-developed-on-contrasting-lithologies-in-a-temperate-climate(3e0b006c-60f5-4814-8f2a-101c2b9c7bba).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.626971

University of California – Berkeley
17.
Dane, Laura Jennifer.
Soil Microorganisms as Precursors and Mediators of Soil Carbon Stailization.
Degree: Environmental Science, Policy, & Management, 2014, University of California – Berkeley
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6b22948f
► Soil organic matter (SOM) results from a suite of microbial and geochemical processes that in combination convert carbon (C) of biological origin to stabilized, potentially…
(more)
▼ Soil organic matter (SOM) results from a suite of microbial and geochemical processes that in combination convert carbon (C) of biological origin to stabilized, potentially long-lived materials. While it is well established that soil microorganisms are involved in the conversion of plant biomass into SOM, the conversion of microbial bodies themselves to stabilized soil organic materials is not well understood. Recent studies suggest that microbial products such as polysaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids, and a number of other biomolecules of microbial origin can remain in soils for long periods of time, and that microbial bodies play a much more important role as the precursors to SOM than previously considered. In this dissertation, I examine the flow of microbial carbon in two soil types as it is assimilated into the living microbial biomass under different climate regimes, how long it remains in the living microbial biomass, and ultimately the flow of this microbial C out of the living biomass as it is respired out as CO2 or is incorporated into SOM. The influence of soil type and climate were examined because both are key drivers of soil biogeochemical processes and strongly affect organic matter stabilization in soils. In Chapter 1, I report the results of a field study conducted to understand not only whether different microbial groups preferentially assimilate carbon from different microbial sources of C, but also whether climate and edaphic characteristics alter either the assimilation of necrotic microbial carbon and/or the length of residence of this carbon within the living biomass. This study followed the fate of 13C labeled dead microbial bodies for three years after they were injected into field soils located in a Temperate mixed-conifer forest and a Tropical wet forest. The 13C was subsequently assimilated into the standing microbial biomass and ultimately lost from the biomass over a 3 year period. In general, the saprophytic microbial groups preferentially assimilated carbon from their same groups or groups with similar molecular compositions; however, only the Gram-positive bacteria in the Tropical site and Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in the Temperate site demonstrated an affinity for assimilating C from dead actinobacteria. At each harvest throughout the study, the Temperate soils retained more labeled 13C from the labeled necromass groups than the Tropical soils. The faster loss of labeled carbon from the living biomass in Tropical soils may have significant implications for the relative contributions of microbial biomass to the formation of SOM. As evidenced in Chapter 3, the retention time of C in living microbial biomass may be positively correlated to the sorption of microbial C to mineral surfaces in the heavy fraction (HF) of SOM. Since the HF is generally the longest-lived SOM pool, an increase in the proportion of microbial C sorbed to mineral surfaces in the HF due to longer residence times of C in the living biomass of Temperate soils may lead to a higher proportion of…
Subjects/Keywords: Environmental science; Carbon cycling; Carbon stabilization; Soil microbiology; Soil organic matter
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Dane, L. J. (2014). Soil Microorganisms as Precursors and Mediators of Soil Carbon Stailization. (Thesis). University of California – Berkeley. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6b22948f
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Dane, Laura Jennifer. “Soil Microorganisms as Precursors and Mediators of Soil Carbon Stailization.” 2014. Thesis, University of California – Berkeley. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6b22948f.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Dane, Laura Jennifer. “Soil Microorganisms as Precursors and Mediators of Soil Carbon Stailization.” 2014. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Dane LJ. Soil Microorganisms as Precursors and Mediators of Soil Carbon Stailization. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6b22948f.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Dane LJ. Soil Microorganisms as Precursors and Mediators of Soil Carbon Stailization. [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2014. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6b22948f
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Nairobi
18.
Basweti, C N.
Effect of organic matter quality, soil temperature and moisture on soil organic matter decomposition of a forest -cropland chronosequence
.
Degree: 2009, University of Nairobi
URL: http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18790
► Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition is a key factor in determining the response of the terrestrial carbon balance to climate change. However, the effect…
(more)
▼ Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition is a key factor in
determining the response of the terrestrial carbon balance to climate change.
However, the effect of substrate on temperature sensitivity of decomposition has
not been incorporated into the carbon cycle models because the differences
between recalcitrant and labile carbon pools have not been demonstrated. The
objective of the study was to evaluate the interaction of organic matter quality, soil
temperature and water content on soil organic matter (SaM) decomposition. To
obtain organic matter with varying quality attributes, a chronosequence approach
was used to sample soils from a forest-cropland chronosequence in Kakamega,
Western Kenya. The conversion periods were young conversion (12 years old),
mid conversion (42 years old) and old conversion (77 years old). A paired design
was used to pair a forest and cultivated field in the same conversion time. From
each conversion time, soil was sampled to a 10 em depth from the paired sites in
three replicates in January 2009 and taken to ICRAF laboratory where they were
incubated for carbon dioxide (C02) evolution at different temperatures (10°C,
25°C and 33°C) and soil water contents (0%, 50% and 100% water holding
capacity - WHC).
The bulk soil sample was also analyzed for total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) using
dry combustion method while SaM quality characterized by Mid-Infrared
spectroscopy.
XVI
Total C and N loss for the past 77 years of cultivation was found to be 60% with
recalcitrant carbon observed in cultivated soils. Decomposition rates increased
linearly (R2 = 0.99; P<O.OOl)with temperature for both forest and cultivated soils
with higher emissions coming from forest soils. The effect of water content on the
rate of CO2 emission had a parabolic fit with lowest emission recorded at 0%
WHC and highest at around 50% WHC while the rates started declining as was
content approached 100% WHC. Both labile and recalcitrant organic matter pools
were found to influence (P<0.05) temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition
at different incubation periods subject to water content levels. This study clearly
indicates that soil organic matter decomposition is significantly affected by soil
temperature, water content and soil organic matter quality which is influenced by
the land-use change and the cultivation period. Incorporation of the three factors;
temperature, water content and organic matter quality into carbon cycle models
will help in predicting the effect of climate change on SOC storage. It will also
help in managing SOC content in various landscapes through improved land
management that will also reclaim C released to the atmosphere due to land use
change.
Subjects/Keywords: Organic matter quality;
Soil temperature;
Soil moisture;
Decomposition;
Forest-cropland
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Basweti, C. N. (2009). Effect of organic matter quality, soil temperature and moisture on soil organic matter decomposition of a forest -cropland chronosequence
. (Thesis). University of Nairobi. Retrieved from http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18790
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Basweti, C N. “Effect of organic matter quality, soil temperature and moisture on soil organic matter decomposition of a forest -cropland chronosequence
.” 2009. Thesis, University of Nairobi. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18790.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Basweti, C N. “Effect of organic matter quality, soil temperature and moisture on soil organic matter decomposition of a forest -cropland chronosequence
.” 2009. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Basweti CN. Effect of organic matter quality, soil temperature and moisture on soil organic matter decomposition of a forest -cropland chronosequence
. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Nairobi; 2009. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18790.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Basweti CN. Effect of organic matter quality, soil temperature and moisture on soil organic matter decomposition of a forest -cropland chronosequence
. [Thesis]. University of Nairobi; 2009. Available from: http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18790
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Colorado State University
19.
Bowen, Eric C.
Assessing the effects of grazing and land use change on soil carbon stocks in pastures of the Virginia Blue Ridge.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Ecology, 2013, Colorado State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/79011
► The impact of livestock on our climate and the environment has been a hot topic since the 2006 FAO report "Livestock's Long Shadow" (Steinfeld et…
(more)
▼ The impact of livestock on our climate and the environment has been a hot topic since the 2006 FAO report "Livestock's Long Shadow" (Steinfeld et al., 2006) which estimated that livestock are responsible for 18% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and stimulated a great stir in the popular press. Numerous life cycle assessments have studied the environmental costs of various livestock species and have found beef and dairy to have particularly high greenhouse gas emissions (de Vries and de Boer, 2010). These assessments are often unable to include
soil carbon changes caused by land-use change or management, perhaps because these data are limited and vary widely by region. The results of this study present data from the first known long-term study of grazing impacts on soils along the Virginia Blue Ridge. In this study, I sampled nine pastures on five farms to study both management and land-use change. I found significant increases in
soil organic carbon on eight of the nine pastures with evidence that land-use and management change drove these increases. A portion of these data were an in-depth chronosequence on one farm, within which, data from our preferred approach (repeated measures) conflicted with the results of the chronosequences that we collected in 1999 and 2010. This conflict should serve as a cautionary tale to ecologists using space-for-time substitution. Averaged across all sites (all of which are grazed), we found
soil carbon in the top 20 cm of
soil increased 1.2±0.2 Mg/ha/yr for the 11 years between 1999 and 2010. This provides clear evidence that pasture-raised beef and dairy production can offset at least part of its environmental impact. These results are valuable to policy makers and consumers that are interested in reducing the impacts our food system has on climate change and the environment.
Advisors/Committee Members: Conant, Richard (advisor), Kelly, Eugene (committee member), Hansen, Neil (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: grazing; livestock; pastures; rotational grazing; soil carbon; soil organic matter
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Bowen, E. C. (2013). Assessing the effects of grazing and land use change on soil carbon stocks in pastures of the Virginia Blue Ridge. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/79011
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bowen, Eric C. “Assessing the effects of grazing and land use change on soil carbon stocks in pastures of the Virginia Blue Ridge.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10217/79011.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bowen, Eric C. “Assessing the effects of grazing and land use change on soil carbon stocks in pastures of the Virginia Blue Ridge.” 2013. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Bowen EC. Assessing the effects of grazing and land use change on soil carbon stocks in pastures of the Virginia Blue Ridge. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/79011.
Council of Science Editors:
Bowen EC. Assessing the effects of grazing and land use change on soil carbon stocks in pastures of the Virginia Blue Ridge. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/79011

University of Adelaide
20.
Mavi, Manpreet Singh.
Dissolved organic matter dynamics and microbial activity in salt-affected soils.
Degree: 2012, University of Adelaide
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/78914
► Salt-affected soils (comprising saline and sodic soils) contain excessive amounts of salts and cover over 10 % of the world’s arable land. They are a…
(more)
▼ Salt-affected soils (comprising saline and sodic soils) contain excessive amounts of salts and cover over 10 % of the world’s arable land. They are a serious land-degradation problem because a) salinity causes poor plant growth and low microbial activity due to osmotic stress, ion toxicity and imbalanced nutrient uptake and b) plant growth in sodic soils is limited by poor
soil structure and aeration. As a consequence of the poor plant growth, salt-affected soils have low
organic matter content. Therefore, to minimise
soil degradation, it is important to understand the processes in salt-affected soils particularly those involved in nutrient cycling. Dissolved
organic matter (DOM) is the most labile portion of
soil organic matter pools and affects many biogeochemical processes such as nutrient cycling, translocation and leaching, microbial activity and mineral weathering. Even though it only comprises a small portion of the total
organic matter (< 1 %), it can be used to determine changes in
soil C dynamics prior to detection in the total SOM pool. Salinity and sodicity influence
organic matter turnover by affecting the amount of plant material entering the
soil as well as the rate of decomposition. While the effects of salinity and sodicity on
soil microorganisms and
soil organic matter turnover have been studied separately, little is known about their interaction. Therefore the objective of this thesis was to determine the interactive effect of salinity and sodicity on
soil microbial activity and dissolved
organic matter dynamics in soils of different texture. Four non-saline and non-sodic soils differing in texture (4, 13, 24 and 40 % clay, termed S-4, S-13, S-24 and S-40) were collected from Monarto near South Australia. The water content resulting in maximum respiration in the soils was assessed by adjusting the soils to different water content and measuring the respiration for two weeks at 25 ºC. The soils were leached with a combination of
NaCl and CaCl₂ stock solutions to induce different levels of salinity (EC₁:5) ranging from 0 to 10 dS m⁻¹ and sodium absorption ratio [SAR< 3 (non-sodic) and ≥20 (sodic)] in various experiments. Wheat residue and in one experiment glucose were added as a nutrient source for
soil microbes. Respiration was measured continuously throughout the experiments and dissolved
organic C, dissolved
organic N, total dissolved N (TDN), specific ultra-violet absorbance (SUVA), microbial biomass, electrical conductivity, pH and SAR were analysed at different times during the experiments. The concentration of dissolved
organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) is influenced by the type of extractant used. To determine which extractant is the most useful for the experiments described in this thesis, different textured soils were incubated with wheat residue for two weeks and DOC and DON were extracted with water, 0.5M K₂SO₄ or 2M KCl at a 1:5 ratio. Irrespective of
soil texture, the
concentrations of DOC and DON extracted with 0.5M K₂SO₄ or 2M KCl were more than twice than those extracted with…
Advisors/Committee Members: Marschner, Petra (advisor), Chittleborough, David James (advisor), Cox, James William (advisor), Sanderman, Jonathan (advisor), School of Agriculture, Food and Wine (school).
Subjects/Keywords: dissolved organic matter; soil respiration; salinity; sodicity; soil texture
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Mavi, M. S. (2012). Dissolved organic matter dynamics and microbial activity in salt-affected soils. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/78914
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mavi, Manpreet Singh. “Dissolved organic matter dynamics and microbial activity in salt-affected soils.” 2012. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2440/78914.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mavi, Manpreet Singh. “Dissolved organic matter dynamics and microbial activity in salt-affected soils.” 2012. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Mavi MS. Dissolved organic matter dynamics and microbial activity in salt-affected soils. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/78914.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Mavi MS. Dissolved organic matter dynamics and microbial activity in salt-affected soils. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/78914
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Edinburgh
21.
Burns, Nancy Rosalind.
Soil organic matter stability and the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration.
Degree: PhD, 2012, University of Edinburgh
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9922
► Soil respiration is an important source of atmospheric CO2, with the potential for large positive feedbacks with global warming. The size of these feedbacks will…
(more)
▼ Soil respiration is an important source of atmospheric CO2, with the potential for large positive feedbacks with global warming. The size of these feedbacks will depend on the relative sensitivity to temperature of very large global pools of highly stable soil organic matter (SOM), with residence times of centuries or longer. Conflicting evidence exists as to the relationships between temperature sensitivity of respiration and stability of SOM, as well as the temperature sensitivity of individual stabilisation mechanisms. This PhD considers the relationship between different stabilisation mechanisms and the temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition. I used physical fractionation to isolate SOM pools with a variety of turnover rates, from decadal to centennially cycling SOM, in a peaty gley topsoil from Harwood Forest. Mean residence times of SOM as determined by 14C dating was most strongly affected by depth, providing stability on a millienial scale, while OM-mineral associations and physical protection of aggregates provided stability to around 500 years. Chemical characteristics of organic material in these fractions and whole soils (13C CP-MAS NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, ICP-OES) indicated the relative contribution of different stabilisation mechanisms to the longevity of each of these fractions. Two long-term incubations of isolated physical fractions and soil horizons at different temperatures provided information about the actual resistance to decomposition in each SOM pool, as well as the temperature sensitivity of respiration from different pools. Naturally 13C-labelled labile substrate additions to the mineral and organic horizons compared the resistance to priming by labile and recalcitrant substrates. Manipulation of soil pore water was investigated as a method for isolating the respiration of SOM from physically occluded positions within the soil architecture. Contadictory lines of evidence emerged on the relative stability of different SOM pools from 14C dating, incubation experiments and chemical characterisation of indicators of stability. This led to the interpretation that physical aggregate protection primarily controls SOM stability within topsoils, while mineral and Fe oxide stability provides more lasting stability in the mineral horizon. Less humified and younger SOM was found to have a higher sensitivity to temperature than respiration from well-humified pools, in contrast to predictions from thermodynamics.
Subjects/Keywords: 631.4; soil respiration; soil organic matter quality; stable isotopes; temperature sensitivity
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Burns, N. R. (2012). Soil organic matter stability and the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Edinburgh. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9922
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Burns, Nancy Rosalind. “Soil organic matter stability and the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Edinburgh. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9922.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Burns, Nancy Rosalind. “Soil organic matter stability and the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration.” 2012. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Burns NR. Soil organic matter stability and the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Edinburgh; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9922.
Council of Science Editors:
Burns NR. Soil organic matter stability and the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Edinburgh; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9922

University of Toledo
22.
McMillan, Cameron Kyle.
Do the availability and accessibility of soil saccharides
and nutrients vary with the phenology of Acer rubrum and Lonicera
maackii?.
Degree: MS, Biology (Ecology), 2015, University of Toledo
URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1492775083219861
► Stable soil organic carbon (SOC) is a globally important carbon (C) pool with the potential to significantly alter atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations, and it is…
(more)
▼ Stable
soil organic carbon (SOC) is a globally
important carbon (C) pool with the potential to significantly alter
atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations, and it is believed to
originate primarily from microbial necromass. However, we are not
always capable of accurately predicting the magnitude and
occasionally the direction of C fluxes into and out of the
soil, in
part due to a lack of understanding of how C moves from plants
through the microbial community. C moves from the atmosphere into
the
soil primarily through plant uptake and incorporation followed
by senescence and decomposition, or by exudation directly from
roots, which especially stimulates production of readily stabilized
microbial biomass in mineral soils. Root exudation rates depend on
the plant species, but variations among plant species in the timing
and rate of exudation have not yet been fully characterized. The
primary question this study addresses is: How different are
concentrations of root exudates for plant species with varying
phenology? We hypothesized that plants varying in seasonal leaf
expansion/senescence times also vary in seasonal concentrations of
root exudation because of the difference in the timing of leaf
presence and C fixation. To test this hypothesis, we measured root
exudation between two species with varying leaf expansion and
senescence times from April-December 2015 by measuring
soil pore
water saccharides as a proxy for root exudation. We also measured
nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate concentrations in
soil pore water
and 0.5 M K2SO4 extracts to determine their distribution within the
soil matrix. We observed microbial responses to root exudation by
measuring
soil microbial respiration, biomass, and ecoenzyme
(enzymes existing/functioning outside of cells) activities. Two
woody plants with different light acquisition strategies were
chosen within the same temperate deciduous forest stand and
soil
type (coarse-loamy, mixed, nonacid, mesic Aeric Haplaquepts):
Honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii), whose leaves expand early and
senesces late, and red maple (Acer rubrum), which has its leaves
for a much shorter time but obtains more light and shades L.
maackii when its canopy is open due to its height. These were
compared with plant-free control plots that were trenched in order
to reduce root inputs. Saccharide concentrations varied less in
soil pore water than expected, and did not track leaf expansion and
senescence as predicted, with the exception of May 18, when
saccharide concentrations significantly increased in L. maackii
soils just before leaf expansion was complete, at which time the L.
maackii would become maximally shaded by the A. rubrum canopy (A.
rubrum leaf expansion was complete one week later).
Soil microbial
biomass and activity also varied little between the two plant
species, but all ecoenzyme activities varied significantly by date
due to a decrease in December, apparently associated with seasonal
temperature decline. Furthermore, although leaf litter was removed,
the legacy of L. maackii’s high quality…
Advisors/Committee Members: Weintraub, Michael (Committee Chair).
Subjects/Keywords: Ecology; Soil Sciences; Soil organic matter, saccharides, reducing sugars,
spatially inaccessible
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
McMillan, C. K. (2015). Do the availability and accessibility of soil saccharides
and nutrients vary with the phenology of Acer rubrum and Lonicera
maackii?. (Masters Thesis). University of Toledo. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1492775083219861
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
McMillan, Cameron Kyle. “Do the availability and accessibility of soil saccharides
and nutrients vary with the phenology of Acer rubrum and Lonicera
maackii?.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Toledo. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1492775083219861.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
McMillan, Cameron Kyle. “Do the availability and accessibility of soil saccharides
and nutrients vary with the phenology of Acer rubrum and Lonicera
maackii?.” 2015. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
McMillan CK. Do the availability and accessibility of soil saccharides
and nutrients vary with the phenology of Acer rubrum and Lonicera
maackii?. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Toledo; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1492775083219861.
Council of Science Editors:
McMillan CK. Do the availability and accessibility of soil saccharides
and nutrients vary with the phenology of Acer rubrum and Lonicera
maackii?. [Masters Thesis]. University of Toledo; 2015. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1492775083219861

University of Alberta
23.
Norris, Charlotte E.
Soil organic matter cycling in novel and natural boreal
forest ecosystems.
Degree: PhD, Department of Renewable Resources, 2013, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/hx11xf74r
► The western boreal forest of Canada, where the upland regions are dominated by stands of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss),…
(more)
▼ The western boreal forest of Canada, where the upland
regions are dominated by stands of aspen (Populus tremuloides
Michx.) and spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), is now home to
novel ecosystems, i.e.; ecosystems composed of reclaimed stands
formed from trees planted on constructed anthropogenic soils. This
study set out to determine if soils from these natural and novel
ecosystems differed in terms of their biogeochemical functioning.
Using a multi-faceted approach this study examined several
ecosystem function variables linked to soil organic matter
composition, microbial communities and nitrogen fluxes. A survey of
42 sites showed that soil n-alkanes, biomarkers of vegetation
inputs, were more concentrated and had distinct signatures in
natural compared to novel ecosystems. Mineral soils from reclaimed
stands, natural aspen and spruce stands showed a distinct microbial
community structure as was demonstrated using phospholipid fatty
acids (PLFAs) as microbial biomarkers following addition of
13C-glucose in a laboratory incubation. Further probing by compound
specific analysis (CSA) of the 13C-enriched PLFAs determined that
microbial incorporation of 13C-glucose was different among soils.
Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of
double-labeled (13C, 15N) aspen leaves and roots generated for
tracer studies confirmed that isotopic enrichment across
biopolymers and tissues was time dependent. In a subsequent field
incubation, where the labeled aspen leaf litter was added to the
forest floors of aspen and spruce stands, soil microorganisms
maintained an active nitrogen cycle between fresh litter and live
vegetation at both stands, yet remained structurally distinct.
However, CSA indicated overlap in the 13C enrichment of some PLFA
biomarkers between stands. Finally, the addition of 15N labelled
aspen leaf litter to reclaimed and natural forest stands
demonstrated the importance of vegetation inputs not only as a
source of nitrogen for growing vegetation but also as a way to
improve soil moisture and soil microbial biomass on all sites.
Cumulatively, these results not only enhance our understanding of
organic matter cycling in natural and novel boreal forest
ecosystems but, more importantly, they also provide results on
conceptual ideas to guide future research.
Subjects/Keywords: novel ecosystem; boreal forest; soil organic matter; soil science
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Norris, C. E. (2013). Soil organic matter cycling in novel and natural boreal
forest ecosystems. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/hx11xf74r
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Norris, Charlotte E. “Soil organic matter cycling in novel and natural boreal
forest ecosystems.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Alberta. Accessed March 04, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/hx11xf74r.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Norris, Charlotte E. “Soil organic matter cycling in novel and natural boreal
forest ecosystems.” 2013. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Norris CE. Soil organic matter cycling in novel and natural boreal
forest ecosystems. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/hx11xf74r.
Council of Science Editors:
Norris CE. Soil organic matter cycling in novel and natural boreal
forest ecosystems. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2013. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/hx11xf74r

Iowa State University
24.
Khaledian, Yones.
The application of machine learning algorithms in predicting soil organic carbon/matter.
Degree: 2020, Iowa State University
URL: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/18024
► Digital soil mapping (DSM) increasingly makes use of machine learning algorithms to identify relationships between soil properties and multiple covariates that can be detected across…
(more)
▼ Digital soil mapping (DSM) increasingly makes use of machine learning algorithms to identify relationships between soil properties and multiple covariates that can be detected across landscapes. Selecting the appropriate algorithm for model building is critical for optimizing results in the context of the available data. Over the past decade, many studies have tested different machine learning (ML) approaches on a variety of soil data sets. Here, we review the application of some of the most popular ML algorithms for digital soil mapping. Specifically, we compare the strengths and weaknesses of multiple linear regression (MLR), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), support vector regression (SVR), Cubist, random forest (RF), and artificial neural networks (ANN) for DSM. These algorithms were compared on the basis of five factors: 1) quantity of hyperparameters, 2) sample size, 3) covariate selection, 4) learning time, and 5) interpretability of the resulting model. If training time is a limitation, then algorithms that have fewer model parameters and hyperparameters should be considered, e.g., MLR, KNN, SVR, and Cubist. If the data set is large (thousands of samples) and computation time is not an issue, ANN would likely produce the best results. If the data set is small (<100), then Cubist, KNN, RF, and SVR are likely to perform better than ANN and MLR. The uncertainty in predictions produced by Cubist, KNN, RF, and SVR may not decrease with large datasets. When interpretability of the resulting model is important to the user, Cubist, MLR, and RF are more appropriate algorithms as they do not function as "black boxes." There is no one correct approach to produce models for predicting the spatial distribution of soil properties. Nonetheless, some algorithms are more appropriate than others considering the nature of the data and purpose of mapping activity.
Subjects/Keywords: Digital Soil Mapping; Machine Learning; Optimized Sampling Design; Soil Organic Matter
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Khaledian, Y. (2020). The application of machine learning algorithms in predicting soil organic carbon/matter. (Thesis). Iowa State University. Retrieved from https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/18024
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Khaledian, Yones. “The application of machine learning algorithms in predicting soil organic carbon/matter.” 2020. Thesis, Iowa State University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/18024.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Khaledian, Yones. “The application of machine learning algorithms in predicting soil organic carbon/matter.” 2020. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Khaledian Y. The application of machine learning algorithms in predicting soil organic carbon/matter. [Internet] [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/18024.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Khaledian Y. The application of machine learning algorithms in predicting soil organic carbon/matter. [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2020. Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/18024
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Toronto
25.
Mitchell, Perry Joseph.
The Fate of Organic Matter in Biochar-amended Soil.
Degree: PhD, 2016, University of Toronto
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/92663
► Biochar, an aromatic carbon-rich biomass pyrolysis product, has been proposed as a soil amendment to enhance soil properties and fertility. Biochar production also converts labile…
(more)
▼ Biochar, an aromatic carbon-rich biomass pyrolysis product, has been proposed as a soil amendment to enhance soil properties and fertility. Biochar production also converts labile biomass carbon to a recalcitrant aromatic form, slowing CO2 emissions from biomass decomposition. However, biochar may stimulate soil microbial activity, potentially enhancing soil organic matter (OM) degradation. A laboratory incubation study was conducted to assess biochar-induced changes in microbial activity and soil OM molecular composition in a temperate forest soil using biomarker and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. Increased soil bacterial activity and enhanced degradation of plant waxes and polysaccharides were detected after 24 weeks, while lignin was more degraded after 32 weeks. NMR analysis of water- and base-extractable OM showed a reduction of labile components and an accumulation of recalcitrant soil OM constituents. The laboratory findings were tested at the field-scale via a three-year amendment study which examined changes in soil microbial activity and native OM composition following biochar, phosphorus (P) and biochar + P addition. P fertilization stimulated soil bacterial activity, whereas biochar and biochar + P addition increased both bacterial and fungal activity and shifted the soil microbial community toward fungi. P fertilization induced soil priming, resulting in an accumulation of primarily recalcitrant OM. Biochar and biochar + P shifted the soil OM composition toward a greater proportion of aliphatic lipids and lignin and a reduction in carbohydrates. The microbial community and native OM compositional shifts observed with biochar amendment may alter soil OM turnover and nutrient cycling rates in the long-term. Higher microbial activity following biochar addition may increase the production of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil. The role of OM-OM interactions in DOM sorption and layering on organo-clay complexes was examined through the repeated sorption of DOM onto three minerals with contrasting properties (kaolinite, montmorillonite and gibbsite). DOM sorption was initially controlled by mineral properties, but with increased DOM loading, OM-OM interactions also influenced the composition and concentration of DOM sorbed. Aliphatic-aliphatic and aromatic-aliphatic interactions were observed for organo-clay complexes containing all three minerals, and may represent important mechanisms by which DOM sorbs to minerals with diverse properties.
2018-11-30 00:00:00
Advisors/Committee Members: Simpson, Myrna J, Chemistry.
Subjects/Keywords: biochar; biomarker; clay mineral; organic geochemistry; organic matter; soil; 0486
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Mitchell, P. J. (2016). The Fate of Organic Matter in Biochar-amended Soil. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Toronto. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1807/92663
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mitchell, Perry Joseph. “The Fate of Organic Matter in Biochar-amended Soil.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Toronto. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1807/92663.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mitchell, Perry Joseph. “The Fate of Organic Matter in Biochar-amended Soil.” 2016. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Mitchell PJ. The Fate of Organic Matter in Biochar-amended Soil. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Toronto; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/92663.
Council of Science Editors:
Mitchell PJ. The Fate of Organic Matter in Biochar-amended Soil. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Toronto; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/92663

University of Minnesota
26.
Liebman, Alexander.
Legumes and soil organic matter transformations in upper Midwest agroecosystems.
Degree: MS, Applied Plant Sciences, 2018, University of Minnesota
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/200129
► Cover crops are an agroecological approach that can increase ecosystem service provisioning, reducing erosion, providing spatial and temporal biotic diversification, and increasing soil organic matter…
(more)
▼ Cover crops are an agroecological approach that can increase ecosystem service provisioning, reducing erosion, providing spatial and temporal biotic diversification, and increasing soil organic matter (SOM). However, implementation of cover crops in the upper Midwest is limited by short growing seasons and harsh winters with variable temperatures and snowfall. Our objective was to explore the potential of winter annual legume cover crops to stabilize and augment soil C and organic N stocks in upper Midwest agricultural systems in which cover crop biomass production is quite limited, and without major impacts on crop yield. We compared hairy vetch (VET), winter rye (RYE), red clover (CLO), hairy vetch/rye biculture (MIX), and bare-ground control (NOCC), planted in a randomized complete block design at two University of Minnesota Research and Outreach Centers in southwest (LAMB) and north-central (GR) Minnesota. Cover crops were established in fall and terminated in spring prior to sweet corn planting. To measure linked soil C and N dynamics, we determined microbial biomass C (MB-C), permanganate-oxidizable C (POX-C), size-fractionated particulate organic matter C and N (POM-C and POM-N), extractable soil N (EXT-N) and potentially mineralizable N (PMN). We hypothesized that 1) MIX has intermediate biomass and biomass N levels, compared to legumes (high N, low biomass) and RYE (low N, high biomass) monocrops 2) MIX treatment increases both soil C and N, legumes primarily increase N and RYE influences labile C parameters, and 3) RYE exhibit sweet corn yield declines due to low N and high residue. Our results indicate winter annual legume cover crops are a viable tool for increasing soil N but had limited impact on labile SOM parameters. Vetch biomass exceeded 2.00 Mg dry matter ha-1, resulting in > 80 kg N ha-1. Extractable N increased after cover crop termination approaching 25 mg N kg soil-1 in VET. Post-termination PMN increased at GR Y1 and LAMB Y2, to 30-65 mg N kg soil-1, from baseline values of ~ 20 mg N kg soil -1 pre-termination. Yet soil N results displayed major site differences, with PMN declining in LAMB Y1 and GR Y2 pre-termination to post-termination. Soil C results were variable, indicating significant effect of sampling time and environment yet no treatment differences for MB-C or POX-C. However, MB-C was correlated with PMN (R2= 0.24, p = 0.002), indicating labile C may be an effective indicator of N dynamics. Corn yields were highest in LAMB 2015, VET and MIX exceeded 13 Mg ha-1 and out-yielded RYE (~ 8 Mg ha-1). Our project suggests winter annual legume cover crops may achieve multiple ecosystem services including winter soil coverage, SOM development, and coupled C and N cycling.
Subjects/Keywords: Cover cropping; Organic agriculture; Soil organic matter; Sweet corn
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Liebman, A. (2018). Legumes and soil organic matter transformations in upper Midwest agroecosystems. (Masters Thesis). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11299/200129
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Liebman, Alexander. “Legumes and soil organic matter transformations in upper Midwest agroecosystems.” 2018. Masters Thesis, University of Minnesota. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11299/200129.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Liebman, Alexander. “Legumes and soil organic matter transformations in upper Midwest agroecosystems.” 2018. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Liebman A. Legumes and soil organic matter transformations in upper Midwest agroecosystems. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/200129.
Council of Science Editors:
Liebman A. Legumes and soil organic matter transformations in upper Midwest agroecosystems. [Masters Thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/200129

Royal Roads University
27.
Munro, Charles.
Native and exotic tree leaves contributions to formation of different soil organic matter pools
.
Degree: 2018, Royal Roads University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10613/5539
► Deforestation around the world contributes to climate change and soil quality loss. The Atlantic Forest in Brazil has been deforested by 93%. Leaf litter from…
(more)
▼ Deforestation around the world contributes to climate change and soil quality loss. The Atlantic Forest in Brazil has been deforested by 93%. Leaf litter from 16 native trees to the Atlantic Forest and Eucalyptus was decomposed in 14C soil and 3 soil organic matter (SOM) pools were analyzed. It was found that Paineira, Pau Brasil, Eucalyptus and Araticum contributed the highest percentage to stable SOM formation (>25% of total input). Substrate use efficiency, SOM formation efficiency, priming effect (over time) and other variables were used in a correlational analysis to produce P and R significance values. The objectives were (i) to provide information about how native species contribute to Soil Organic Matter formation; and (ii) to provide information about soil organic matter formation processes. The data can be used to help select species for agroforestry and/or native forest planting.
Subjects/Keywords: Atlantic Rainforest;
Isotopic Dilutiuon;
Minas Gerais;
Soil Organic Carbon;
Soil Organic Matter
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Munro, C. (2018). Native and exotic tree leaves contributions to formation of different soil organic matter pools
. (Thesis). Royal Roads University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10613/5539
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Munro, Charles. “Native and exotic tree leaves contributions to formation of different soil organic matter pools
.” 2018. Thesis, Royal Roads University. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10613/5539.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Munro, Charles. “Native and exotic tree leaves contributions to formation of different soil organic matter pools
.” 2018. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Munro C. Native and exotic tree leaves contributions to formation of different soil organic matter pools
. [Internet] [Thesis]. Royal Roads University; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10613/5539.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Munro C. Native and exotic tree leaves contributions to formation of different soil organic matter pools
. [Thesis]. Royal Roads University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10613/5539
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Guelph
28.
Graham, Jordan.
Influence of herbaceous biomass crops on soil organic carbon in southern Ontario soils.
Degree: MS, School of Environmental Sciences, 2018, University of Guelph
URL: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/12956
► Nineteen farms growing herbaceous biomass crops, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and Miscanthus (Miscanthus spp.), were sampled for soil organic carbon (SOC) across Ontario, Canada in 2016,…
(more)
▼ Nineteen farms growing herbaceous biomass crops, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and Miscanthus (Miscanthus spp.), were sampled for
soil organic carbon (SOC) across Ontario, Canada in 2016, along with nearby agricultural fields and woodlots to compare SOC between land-uses. Woodlots contained significantly higher (p<0.05) SOC concentrations (4.26 ± 0.29%) than any other land-use. Switchgrass and Miscanthus had numerically higher SOC concentrations (2.50 ± 0.29% and 2.50 ± 0.36%, respectively) than agricultural fields (2.21 ± 0.31%) depicting SOC sequestration potential. Numerical trends in SOC stocks showed that woodlots (103.55 ± 7.40 Mg C ha-1) contained more SOC than switchgrass (85.30 ± 7.14 Mg C ha-1), Miscanthus (83.36 ± 8.97 Mg C ha-1), and agriculture (80.51 ± 7.74 Mg C ha-1). SOC stocks in woodlots were significantly higher (p<0.05) than Miscanthus and agriculture, but not switchgrass. δ13C analysis and baseline comparisons showed that herbaceous biomass crops are adding
organic matter to the SOC pool.
Advisors/Committee Members: Thevathasan, Naresh (advisor), Voroney, Paul (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Soil organic carbon; soil organic matter; swtichgrass; miscanthus; climate change; biomass crops; land-use change
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Graham, J. (2018). Influence of herbaceous biomass crops on soil organic carbon in southern Ontario soils. (Masters Thesis). University of Guelph. Retrieved from https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/12956
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Graham, Jordan. “Influence of herbaceous biomass crops on soil organic carbon in southern Ontario soils.” 2018. Masters Thesis, University of Guelph. Accessed March 04, 2021.
https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/12956.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Graham, Jordan. “Influence of herbaceous biomass crops on soil organic carbon in southern Ontario soils.” 2018. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Graham J. Influence of herbaceous biomass crops on soil organic carbon in southern Ontario soils. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Guelph; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/12956.
Council of Science Editors:
Graham J. Influence of herbaceous biomass crops on soil organic carbon in southern Ontario soils. [Masters Thesis]. University of Guelph; 2018. Available from: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/12956

University of Georgia
29.
Jacobsen, Krista Linnae.
Turning red clay brown.
Degree: 2014, University of Georgia
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/24939
► In the Southeastern United States, a combination of climatic and management factors have severely degraded soils over the past 200 years. Restoration of soil organic…
(more)
▼ In the Southeastern United States, a combination of climatic and management factors have severely degraded soils over the past 200 years. Restoration of soil organic matter to degraded soils like the “Georgia red clays” is necessary to
sustaining and maintaining a productive agriculture in the region. The goal of this work was to create an “ecologically ideal” production system designed to restore soil organic matter, a holistic indicator of soil productivity. Experimental techniques
included alley cropping with Albizia julibrissin hedgerows, use of winter cover crops, conservation tillage, organic management and application of compost and straw mulch. A 3-year field study was conducted to assess the short term effects of the
experimental treatments on soil characteristics and plant production. No cultivated treatments were able to maintain soil C or N without the of addition compost. Results indicated that alley cropping can maintain and sequester soil C and N beyond organic
conservation tillage and more than conventionally tilled, chemically fertilized treatments. A soil organic matter model was developed to determine the effect of these techniques over a decadal time period. Model residue and soil organic matter dynamics
are structured after the CENTURY model. Simulation runs for 15 and 30 years demonstrated increases in active and slow organic matter C in all treatments. Model trends indicate that organic amendments can increase soil organic matter in both the short and
intermediate-term, and that alley cropping can sequester slow C to a greater extent than organic management alone. Costs and labor requirements for the treatments were also recorded to contribute to the minimal amount of organic production cost
information available in the Southeast. Enterprise budgets are presented for organic production of okra, hot peppers and a corn/winter squash intercrop. Net returns on high-labor, organic crops were over $15,000 per acre in some treatments. The
enterprise budgets provided evidence that organic, conservation tillage systems can restore soil productivity and command high returns per acre with sufficient labor.
Subjects/Keywords: Alley cropping; soil organic matter; organic agriculture; conservation tillage; soil restoration; enterprise budget; CENTURY model
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APA (6th Edition):
Jacobsen, K. L. (2014). Turning red clay brown. (Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10724/24939
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Jacobsen, Krista Linnae. “Turning red clay brown.” 2014. Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10724/24939.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Jacobsen, Krista Linnae. “Turning red clay brown.” 2014. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Jacobsen KL. Turning red clay brown. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/24939.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Jacobsen KL. Turning red clay brown. [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/24939
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Minnesota
30.
Wackett, Adrian.
Arctic worming: Human-facilitated earthworm invasion transforms soil organic matter budgets and pools in Fennoscandian forests.
Degree: MS, Land and Atmospheric Science, 2018, University of Minnesota
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/218672
► Earth’s high latitude ecosystems are already under dire threat from climate warming, permafrost thaw, and intensifying natural resource exploitation. In addition to these ongoing concerns,…
(more)
▼ Earth’s high latitude ecosystems are already under dire threat from climate warming, permafrost thaw, and intensifying natural resource exploitation. In addition to these ongoing concerns, accelerating urbanization, agricultural expansion, and greater opportunities for recreation in high-latitude regions are likely to introduce a less conspicuous but potentially potent threat: non-native geoengineeing earthworms. Earthworms were eradicated from northern N. America (including Minnesota) during the last glaciation, and it is now established that humans are (re-) introducing exotic earthworm species into these forests with dramatic consequences on soil and ecosystem functioning. However, their invasiveness and capacity to modify high-latitude boreal and arctic forests like those in Fennoscandia remains largely unknown. Here I explore two inter-related hypotheses concerning earthworms and soils in Fennoscandian forests: H1) despite their different human history and proximity to the native range of Lumbricidae earthworms (Southern and Central Europe), I predicted that Pleistocene glaciations also extirpated earthworms from Fennoscandia, suggesting that European earthworms (if present) are also non-native and invasive in these landscapes; and H2) if introduced by humans, the invasive earthworms transform Fennoscandian forest soil morphologies and soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics by removing thick organic layers at the forest floor and forming A-horizon (mineral topsoil) in their wake. To address H1, I tested a series of sub-hypotheses stating that: 1) earthworms did not colonize the Fennoscandian landscape via dispersal by brackish seawater, nor were they introduced by early indigenous peoples (Sami) who followed the retreating glaciers into northern Fennoscandia; and 2) earthworms are spreading into Fennoscandian forests from ‘worm point sources’ created by modern human-mediated dispersal vectors such as farming, fishing, gardening, and logging (among others). Although I could not dispel the possibility that small epigeic-type earthworms may have entered the Fennoscandian landscape considerably earlier via water-mediated dispersal and/or by ‘hitch-hiking’ along with Sami settlers, I found that more impactful ‘geoengineering’ species are only present in arctic landscapes associated with more modern (i.e. last two centuries) human disturbance (supporting H1) and are radiating outward from these anthropogenic point sources into virgin arctic and boreal forests. Furthermore, in line with H2, expansion of these geoengineers into adjacent forests consistently induced changes to forest soil morphologies and nutrient cycling regimes, including rapid reduction of the SOM pool in organic horizons and re-allocation of this SOM into mineral horizons: wherein it is sorbed onto mineral surfaces and/or occluded within aggregates. This belowground transformation likely has significant aboveground consequences as well as implications for the long-term carbon balance of boreal and arctic ecosystems, which store more than half (~ 53%) of…
Subjects/Keywords: arctic; bioturbation; Earthworm invasion; ecosystem engineers; soil organic carbon; soil organic matter
Record Details
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Record Details
Similar Records
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Wackett, A. (2018). Arctic worming: Human-facilitated earthworm invasion transforms soil organic matter budgets and pools in Fennoscandian forests. (Masters Thesis). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11299/218672
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wackett, Adrian. “Arctic worming: Human-facilitated earthworm invasion transforms soil organic matter budgets and pools in Fennoscandian forests.” 2018. Masters Thesis, University of Minnesota. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11299/218672.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wackett, Adrian. “Arctic worming: Human-facilitated earthworm invasion transforms soil organic matter budgets and pools in Fennoscandian forests.” 2018. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Wackett A. Arctic worming: Human-facilitated earthworm invasion transforms soil organic matter budgets and pools in Fennoscandian forests. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/218672.
Council of Science Editors:
Wackett A. Arctic worming: Human-facilitated earthworm invasion transforms soil organic matter budgets and pools in Fennoscandian forests. [Masters Thesis]. University of Minnesota; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/218672
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