subject:(Sexual selection)

University of New South Wales

1. Klomp, Danielle Alice. The Evolution of Diversity: Sexual selection and natural selection on the social signals of gliding lizards.

Degree: Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, 2016, University of New South Wales

URL: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/56914 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:42030/SOURCE02?view=true

► Diversity in animal colour and form can often be attributed to communication signals, which play an important role in species recognition and mate choice. Divergence… (more)

▼ Diversity in animal colour and form can often be attributed to communication signals, which play an important role in species recognition and mate choice. Divergence of signals among populations is therefore thought to be a driver of speciation. This thesis examines signalling processes in the species rich agamid genus, Draco, to understand their influence on signal design, signal divergence and ultimately speciation. Draco lizards are known as ‘gliding lizards’, as they have retractable gliding membranes. They communicate with extendable throat-fans, called dewlaps, which are diverse in colour, shape and size among species. Chapter two assesses the importance of dewlap signal design for detection and recognition in Draco melanopogon, by presenting free-living lizards with robots displaying dewlaps of different designs. Dewlap design does not affect the latency of signal detection by conspecifics, but once the robot dewlap had been detected, males responded with greater intensity to dewlaps that best resembled the species’ typical design, suggesting pattern is important in species recognition. As signal components may evolve differently in populations exposed to different selection pressures, chapter three assess the relationships between the dewlap components (colour and size) and aspects of their environments. Males of different species employ colour contrast and dewlap size as alternative strategies for effective communication, and predation intensity may play a role in which strategy a species employs. Further, correlations between male dewlap components and sexual dimorphism suggest that sexual selection is also a major factor influencing dewlap design. Chapter four shows that the different gliding membrane colouration of two populations of Draco cornutus closely match the colours of freshly fallen leaves in their respective habitats as they appear to the visual system of predatory birds. This suggests the populations have diverged in colouration to mimic the colours of local falling leaves and thereby reduce predation by birds. Chapter five tests whether Draco sumatranus lizards use their position relative to the sun to enhance the transmission of light through the dewlap, and thus the apparent brightness of their dewlap during display. Lizards are significantly more likely to orientate themselves perpendicular to the sun when displaying, ensuring maximum sun exposure for the extended dewlap. This thesis confirms the centrality of sexual selection, species recognition and predation as major factors influencing signal design in Draco, and thereby furthers our understanding of the evolution of ornament diversity. Advisors/Committee Members: Ord, Terry, Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, UNSW, Stuart-Fox, Devi, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne.

Subjects/Keywords: Sexual selection; Lizards; Natural selection

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APA (6^th Edition):

Klomp, D. A. (2016). The Evolution of Diversity: Sexual selection and natural selection on the social signals of gliding lizards. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New South Wales. Retrieved from http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/56914 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:42030/SOURCE02?view=true

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Klomp, Danielle Alice. “The Evolution of Diversity: Sexual selection and natural selection on the social signals of gliding lizards.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New South Wales. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/56914 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:42030/SOURCE02?view=true.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Klomp, Danielle Alice. “The Evolution of Diversity: Sexual selection and natural selection on the social signals of gliding lizards.” 2016. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Klomp DA. The Evolution of Diversity: Sexual selection and natural selection on the social signals of gliding lizards. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/56914 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:42030/SOURCE02?view=true.

Council of Science Editors:

Klomp DA. The Evolution of Diversity: Sexual selection and natural selection on the social signals of gliding lizards. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2016. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/56914 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:42030/SOURCE02?view=true

2. GÃ³mez, Miguel. Plasticity in reproductive behaviours as a response to ecological changes.

Degree: 2018, University of Manchester

URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:315700

► The thesis presented here utilizes a variety of methods and study systems to address how ecological promote plasticity in reproductive behaviours. We study mate choice,… (more)

▼ The thesis presented here utilizes a variety of methods and study systems to address how ecological promote plasticity in reproductive behaviours. We study mate choice, copulation and parental care as the different reproductive behaviours, as they can be envisioned as representatives of different stages of the reproductive cycle and can be subject to different selection pressures. With the use of computer simulations we study the conditions of sex ratio and cost of courting under which a learned mate preference in males or in both sexes can evolve. We found that for males, maternal imprinting is the most advantageous imprinting strategy, but when both sexes imprint, paternal imprinting in both sexes is the most advantageous strategy. We show that environmental change can lead to the evolution of sexual imprinting by both sexes. A study using mesocosm and mating trial experiments, measuring female survival and male mating success was used to study the role of intra- and interspecific interactions in mating behaviour (competition and harassment) in Calopteryx splendens. We showed that intense intraspecific male-male competition reduces harassment over females and increases female survival. On the other side, interspecific reproductive interference can reduce male mating success and can increase female survival. Finally, theory on the use of social learning was tested using Drosophila melanogaster oviposition site choice. We show that fruit flies use social learning more after they experience heterogeneous environments. However, our results suggest that the use of social learning was driven by fruit flies signalling more when they experience heterogeneous environments, instead of driven by copying others decisions, as theoretical predictions suggest. We also show that the use of social learning is an innate trait, opening the opportunity for the study of the genomic basis of social learning. Advisors/Committee Members: NAVARRO LOPEZ, EVA EM, Gilman, Tucker, Navarro Lopez, Eva.

Subjects/Keywords: sexual selection; plasticity

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APA (6^th Edition):

GÃ³mez, M. (2018). Plasticity in reproductive behaviours as a response to ecological changes. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:315700

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

GÃ³mez, Miguel. “Plasticity in reproductive behaviours as a response to ecological changes.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:315700.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

GÃ³mez, Miguel. “Plasticity in reproductive behaviours as a response to ecological changes.” 2018. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

GÃ³mez M. Plasticity in reproductive behaviours as a response to ecological changes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:315700.

Council of Science Editors:

GÃ³mez M. Plasticity in reproductive behaviours as a response to ecological changes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2018. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:315700

Cal Poly

3. Wojan, Erin M. The Importance of the Multicomponent Display in Sexual Selection of Black Morph Girardinus metallicus (Pisces: Poeciliidae).

Degree: MS, Biological Sciences, 2016, Cal Poly

URL: https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1691 ; 10.15368/theses.2016.152

► Multicomponent displays are composed of traits, such as coloration, structural ornaments, and behavior, that become integrated and signal information to conspecifics. Estimation of multicomponent… (more)

▼ Multicomponent displays are composed of traits, such as coloration, structural ornaments, and behavior, that become integrated and signal information to conspecifics. Estimation of multicomponent displays in fishes often involves measurement of color traits. Fish color measurements are often obtained following immobilization via chemical anesthesia; however, the anesthetics may alter the resulting measurements, for example by darkening the skin. Girardinus metallicus, a poeciliid fish endemic to Cuba, has a multicomponent courtship and aggressive display. Black morph males exhibit black ventral coloration including the gonopodium (copulatory organ) and yellow in the non-black areas of their bodies. I investigated the effects of common anesthetics on coloration measurements of G. metallicus. I measured the hue, saturation, and brightness of the anterior dorsal, posterior dorsal, posterior ventral, and caudal body regions, from digital images of the same males obtained without using anesthetic and anesthetized using tricaine methane sulfonate (MS222) and eugenol (clove oil). Because multicomponent displays are intriguing with respect to sexual selection, I investigated the importance of size and coloration traits in sexual selection via female choice and male-male competition in G. metallicus. I found that saturation and hue did not differ significantly across treatments (anesthetization using MS222, anesthetization using clove oil, and without anesthetic in a small glass chamber containing water). However, brightness was greater under the anesthetics, possibly due to photographing the fish behind water and glass in the Non-anesthetic treatment or due to reflectivity differences of the iridophores. The body regions varied in hue, saturation, and brightness. Most importantly, I found differences in the responses of different body regions to the anesthetic treatments, suggesting that anesthetics may affect coloration in unpredictable ways, and that multiple regions of fish should be measured when assessing overall coloration. My results suggest that photographing fish in a glass chamber without anesthetic may be an effective way to obtain digital images for color analysis without using anesthetics that may influence coloration. Having determined a good method for color measurement, I then investigated the role of the multicomponent display in sexual selection. Through direct interaction tests, I found that dominant males had brighter and more saturated yellow coloration than subordinate males, and that dominant males courted more than subordinate males. Within high yellow males, dominant males attempted more copulations than subordinate males. Interestingly, low yellow, subordinate males attempted more copulations than low yellow, dominant males, suggesting that subordinate males invested time into attempting copulations rather than engaging in potentially risky aggressive behavior. I observed a greater difference in body size between the males in pairs to… Advisors/Committee Members: Gita Kolluru.

Subjects/Keywords: sexual selection; Biology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wojan, E. M. (2016). The Importance of the Multicomponent Display in Sexual Selection of Black Morph Girardinus metallicus (Pisces: Poeciliidae). (Masters Thesis). Cal Poly. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1691 ; 10.15368/theses.2016.152

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wojan, Erin M. “The Importance of the Multicomponent Display in Sexual Selection of Black Morph Girardinus metallicus (Pisces: Poeciliidae).” 2016. Masters Thesis, Cal Poly. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1691 ; 10.15368/theses.2016.152.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wojan, Erin M. “The Importance of the Multicomponent Display in Sexual Selection of Black Morph Girardinus metallicus (Pisces: Poeciliidae).” 2016. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Wojan EM. The Importance of the Multicomponent Display in Sexual Selection of Black Morph Girardinus metallicus (Pisces: Poeciliidae). [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Cal Poly; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1691 ; 10.15368/theses.2016.152.

Council of Science Editors:

Wojan EM. The Importance of the Multicomponent Display in Sexual Selection of Black Morph Girardinus metallicus (Pisces: Poeciliidae). [Masters Thesis]. Cal Poly; 2016. Available from: https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1691 ; 10.15368/theses.2016.152

Queens University

4. Dakin, Roslyn. Linking courtship behaviour, colour perception and mate choice decisions in peafowl .

Degree: Biology, 2013, Queens University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/7857

► Despite a long history of study showing that male courtship signals influence female mate choice in many species, we lack a good understanding of how… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: behaviour ; sexual selection

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APA (6^th Edition):

Dakin, R. (2013). Linking courtship behaviour, colour perception and mate choice decisions in peafowl . (Thesis). Queens University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1974/7857

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dakin, Roslyn. “Linking courtship behaviour, colour perception and mate choice decisions in peafowl .” 2013. Thesis, Queens University. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/7857.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dakin, Roslyn. “Linking courtship behaviour, colour perception and mate choice decisions in peafowl .” 2013. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Dakin R. Linking courtship behaviour, colour perception and mate choice decisions in peafowl . [Internet] [Thesis]. Queens University; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/7857.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Dakin R. Linking courtship behaviour, colour perception and mate choice decisions in peafowl . [Thesis]. Queens University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/7857

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Oregon

5. Kasimatis, Katja. The Influence of Sexual Selection and Sexual Conflict on the Evolution of Post-Insemination Dynamics.

Degree: PhD, Department of Biology, 2019, University of Oregon

URL: https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/24877

► Sexual reproduction is a fundamental process that structures populations and modulates interactions between species. The reproductive process is shaped by selection acting on the variance… (more)

▼ Sexual reproduction is a fundamental process that structures populations and modulates interactions between species. The reproductive process is shaped by selection acting on the variance in mating success. Additionally, conflict between the sexes over the mechanisms by which mating success is optimized effects reproduction. Selection can also act in a sex-specific manner outside of the reproductive process and drive a different class of sexual antagonisms. To understand how sexual conflict shapes evolution within and between the sexes, the action of selection must be connected to the lifecycle of an individual. Such a lifecycle-explicit framework allows for quantitative measurements of sex-specific selection, sexual conflict, and genetic load. Here I connect the action of selection with the appropriate stage of the lifecycle to determine how conflict between the sexes contributes to genome evolution. Using theoretical approaches, I examine if sexually antagonistic viability selection can create genomic divergence between the sexes. I find that selection must be strong to generate measurable divergence, which produces a high genetic load. Additionally, I show that sampling variance can account for much of the signal attributed to sexually antagonistic selection in the literature. Using experimental approaches, I manipulate sex-specific selection acting during the gametic phase to determine the molecular components of male fertilization success. I develop Caenorhabditis nematodes as a new model system for studying post-insemination reproductive interactions. Contrary to expectation, I find that nematode sperm proteins are hyper-conserved at the sequence level and rapidly evolving at the gene family level. This result suggests an alternative signature of sex-specific selection and conflict. Additionally, I develop a genetic tool for isolating sperm dynamics. This sterility induction system is the first external, non-toxic, reversible sterility induction system in animals. Together my dissertation highlights how the genomic signatures of sexual selection and conflict are complex and require explicit empirical testing to validate both the phenotype and action of selection. Such complexity indicates that evolutionary systems biology approaches will be the most informative way to move the field forward and establish the importance of sexual conflict in shaping evolution. This work includes published and unpublished coauthored material. Advisors/Committee Members: Phillips, Patrick (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Caenorhabditis; Population Genetics; Sexual Conflict; Sexual Selection

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kasimatis, K. (2019). The Influence of Sexual Selection and Sexual Conflict on the Evolution of Post-Insemination Dynamics. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oregon. Retrieved from https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/24877

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kasimatis, Katja. “The Influence of Sexual Selection and Sexual Conflict on the Evolution of Post-Insemination Dynamics.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oregon. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/24877.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kasimatis, Katja. “The Influence of Sexual Selection and Sexual Conflict on the Evolution of Post-Insemination Dynamics.” 2019. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Kasimatis K. The Influence of Sexual Selection and Sexual Conflict on the Evolution of Post-Insemination Dynamics. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oregon; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/24877.

Council of Science Editors:

Kasimatis K. The Influence of Sexual Selection and Sexual Conflict on the Evolution of Post-Insemination Dynamics. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oregon; 2019. Available from: https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/24877

University of Otago

6. Senior, Alistair McNair. The Individual and Population-Level Consequences of Chemically Induced Sex Reversal in Fish .

Degree: 2013, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/4093

► Environmental chemicals are just one mechanism by which anthropogenic actions influence populations and individuals. Perhaps one of the most widely reported effects of pollutants on… (more)

▼ Environmental chemicals are just one mechanism by which anthropogenic actions influence populations and individuals. Perhaps one of the most widely reported effects of pollutants on wild populations, in both the academic literature and the media, is that of chemicals on fish sexual development. Plasticity in the sex-determination systems of fish has long been exploited in aquaculture and by researchers working in the field of sex-determination. Such research has typically focused on inducing a reversal in the functional sex of individuals via an environmental manipulation, often exposure to exogenous chemicals; termed environmental sex reversal. In the 1990s British ecologists demonstrated that pollutants in rivers were altering the sex of wild fish. Those findings broadened the focus of research on sex reversal in fish to include ecological and evolutionary themes. Now, almost twenty years since those initial findings were reported, multiple studies and reviews on the subject of piscine sex reversal have been published. The main aim of this thesis is to address a number of questions that have been proposed in the field of environmental sex reversal. These questions comprise the over-arching theme for this thesis: what does environmental sex reversal mean for fish and fish populations? In Chapter 2, I used a comparative approach to test whether differing taxonomic groups vary in their susceptibility to chemically induced environmental sex reversal. I found that most fish species are uniformly susceptible to chemical sex reversal. In Chapter 3, numerous published estimates of the effects of environmental sex reversal on morphology were combined using meta-analysis. My results suggested that both exposure to sex reversal inducing chemicals and sex reversal itself can have negative effects on reproductive fitness and alter growth patterns. In Chapter 4, I used computer simulations to assess how sex-reversed individuals might be used to affect the population dynamics of two invasive species (Gambusia affinis and G. holbrooki). Those models demonstrated that sex-reversed fish can alter the dynamics of populations and may be used as a bio-control. However, impaired reproductive fitness of those sex-reversed individuals may dampen their population-level effects. In my final data chapter (Chapter 5), I induced sex reversal in the western mosquitofish (G. affinis) via hormonal exposures and observed the behavioural and morphological effects of that sex reversal. Chapter 5 showed that both sex reversal and exposure to exogenous chemicals can have independent effects on the behaviour and morphology of G. affinis. Additionally, I found that individuals not exposed to sex-reversing chemicals may modify their behaviour in the presence of sex-reversed fish. Advisors/Committee Members: Nakagawa, Shinichi (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: EndoncrineDisruptingChemicals; Sexual-Selection; Ecology; Teleosts

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APA (6^th Edition):

Senior, A. M. (2013). The Individual and Population-Level Consequences of Chemically Induced Sex Reversal in Fish . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/4093

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Senior, Alistair McNair. “The Individual and Population-Level Consequences of Chemically Induced Sex Reversal in Fish .” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/4093.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Senior, Alistair McNair. “The Individual and Population-Level Consequences of Chemically Induced Sex Reversal in Fish .” 2013. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Senior AM. The Individual and Population-Level Consequences of Chemically Induced Sex Reversal in Fish . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Otago; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/4093.

Council of Science Editors:

Senior AM. The Individual and Population-Level Consequences of Chemically Induced Sex Reversal in Fish . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Otago; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/4093

Cornell University

7. Baldassarre, Daniel. Sexual Selection And Speciation In The Red-Backed Fairy-Wren.

Degree: PhD, Behavioral Biology, 2014, Cornell University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/37042

► A longstanding question in evolutionary biology is whether divergence in sexual signals leads to speciation. A powerful approach is to examine closely related taxa that… (more)

▼ A longstanding question in evolutionary biology is whether divergence in sexual signals leads to speciation. A powerful approach is to examine closely related taxa that appear to be in the process of speciation, incorporating ecological, behavioral, morphological, and genetic data to understand how sexual selection affects the speciation process. The red-backed fairy-wren (Malurus melanocephalus) is a small passerine bird endemic to Australia that is classified as two subspecies based primarily on variation in two sexual traits: red vs. orange male nuptial plumage color and tail length. My dissertation focused on analyzing the pattern of genetic and morphological variation between the two subspecies and conducting field experiments to explore the selective forces and behavioral mechanisms responsible. Spatial modeling analyses revealed that the two subspecies exhibited variation in numerous non-sexual traits that was well explained by underlying environmental variation. In stark contrast, variation in plumage color could not be explained by environment alone, but rather exhibited a clear pattern of isolation by distance, suggesting it has diverged stochastically as a result of divergent Fisherian sexual selection. I then compared clinal variation in allele frequencies at many unlinked single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci to variation in plumage color across a 3,052 km transect through the species range. Clines for many SNP loci were centered at the Carpentarian Barrier, confirming the existence of a hybrid zone at the location of secondary contact between the subspecies. The cline for plumage color was displaced 390 km east of the genetic clines, indicating that alleles for red plumage have introgressed asymmetrically across the hybrid zone, likely driven by sexual selection. A plumage manipulation experiment in an allopatric population of the orange subspecies confirmed this idea, as experimentally reddened males sired significantly more extra-pair young and had higher reproductive success than orange males. To determine whether this mating advantage was due to female preference or a competitive advantage of red over orange males, I presented territorial males in populations on both sides of the hybrid zone with various combinations of local, foreign, and heterospecific male mounts paired with local, foreign, and heterospecific songs. Territorial males consistently responded most aggressively to the local song regardless of mount plumage color, suggesting that plumage color is not a signal used in male competition. Thus, female preference for red, and not a competitive advantage to red males, likely drives the asymmetrical introgression of red plumage. In conclusion, although the red-backed fairy-wren appeared at first to be in the process of speciation by sexual selection owing to the conspicuous divergence in sexual signals between the subspecies, a thorough analysis of the system revealed a much more complicated situation. This study highlights the strength of fine-scale analyses using behavioral… Advisors/Committee Members: Webster Jr, Michael Stilson (chair), Harrison, Richard Gerald (committee member), Lovette, John I (committee member), Shaw, Kerry L (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: sexual selection; speciation; hybrid zone

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APA (6^th Edition):

Baldassarre, D. (2014). Sexual Selection And Speciation In The Red-Backed Fairy-Wren. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/37042

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Baldassarre, Daniel. “Sexual Selection And Speciation In The Red-Backed Fairy-Wren.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Cornell University. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1813/37042.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Baldassarre, Daniel. “Sexual Selection And Speciation In The Red-Backed Fairy-Wren.” 2014. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Baldassarre D. Sexual Selection And Speciation In The Red-Backed Fairy-Wren. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cornell University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/37042.

Council of Science Editors:

Baldassarre D. Sexual Selection And Speciation In The Red-Backed Fairy-Wren. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cornell University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/37042

Cornell University

8. Cator, Lauren. The Role Of Bioacoustics In The Mating Behavior Of Medically Important Mosquitoes.

Degree: PhD, Entomology, 2011, Cornell University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/29394

► Understanding the basic behavioral ecology of mosquitoes is important for the development of new disease control strategies and the improvement of classical control. Mating behavior… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: mosquito; harmonic convergence; sexual selection

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Cator, L. (2011). The Role Of Bioacoustics In The Mating Behavior Of Medically Important Mosquitoes. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/29394

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cator, Lauren. “The Role Of Bioacoustics In The Mating Behavior Of Medically Important Mosquitoes.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Cornell University. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1813/29394.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cator, Lauren. “The Role Of Bioacoustics In The Mating Behavior Of Medically Important Mosquitoes.” 2011. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Cator L. The Role Of Bioacoustics In The Mating Behavior Of Medically Important Mosquitoes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cornell University; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/29394.

Council of Science Editors:

Cator L. The Role Of Bioacoustics In The Mating Behavior Of Medically Important Mosquitoes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cornell University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/29394

University of Otago

9. McLean, Morgan. Testing the predictions of inter-sexual selection theory, using anurans as a model taxon.

Degree: 2012, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/2198

► In many species, members of one sex (usually males) compete for access to mating opportunities. When this competition manifests through inter-sexual interactions, female preferences commonly… (more)

▼ In many species, members of one sex (usually males) compete for access to mating opportunities. When this competition manifests through inter-sexual interactions, female preferences commonly drive the evolution of elaborate male traits. Many different models have been proposed to explain the evolution of these traits. Anurans are a taxonomic group that is particularly dominated by inter-sexual selection. Male frogs spend a significant amount of time and energy producing advertisement calls, and these calls are used by females to select from prospective mates. This widespread importance of a single type of sexual advertisement across an entire taxonomic group is unique within the animal kingdom. As such, anurans are an ideal model taxon for studies of inter-sexual selection, and the main aim of this thesis was to demonstrate this usefulness of anurans for investigating various models of inter-sexual selection. First, the possible functions of male ornaments in anurans were investigated in two separate studies. First, calls from the Australian frog Litoria chloris were used to investigate whether calls in this species are used as signals of quality, or if the main function of calls is for individual recognition. A number of general properties of the advertisement calls of L. chloris were assessed to determine which of the two possible functions of calls appeared to be more important. It was found that some aspects of the calls were consistent with quality signalling, although most were not. In addition, many features of the calls indicated that they would be useful for individual recognition. The function of frog calls was also investigated, using a meta-analysis to quantify the relationships between male signals (also known as ornaments), male quality, and female preferences. The strengths of these relationships were found to be consistent with inter-sexual indicator models, which assume that male ornaments act as signals of quality. This study provides the first evidence of male ornaments acting as signals of quality across an entire taxonomic group. Finally, a comparative study was carried out to determine whether sexual selection has played a major role in the adaptive radiation of anurans. Models that evoke sexual selection as a driver of speciation propose that diverging female preferences within a population can result in reproductively isolated groups, thus facilitating sympatric speciation. These models, therefore, predict that closely related species should have divergent sexual signals. The calls from a large number of frog species were analysed, and the data collected were used to assess the phylogenetic patterns that were present within a variety of different call features. These patterns indicated that many of the call features that were analysed did not indicate that closely related species had divergent signals. This finding indicates that speciation in anurans is unlikely to have been influenced by inter-sexual selection. The field of inter-sexual selection is vast, and has many questions that remain… Advisors/Committee Members: Nakagawa, Shinichi (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: frog; sexual selection; anuran

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APA (6^th Edition):

McLean, M. (2012). Testing the predictions of inter-sexual selection theory, using anurans as a model taxon. (Masters Thesis). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/2198

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

McLean, Morgan. “Testing the predictions of inter-sexual selection theory, using anurans as a model taxon. ” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Otago. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/2198.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

McLean, Morgan. “Testing the predictions of inter-sexual selection theory, using anurans as a model taxon. ” 2012. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

McLean M. Testing the predictions of inter-sexual selection theory, using anurans as a model taxon. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Otago; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/2198.

Council of Science Editors:

McLean M. Testing the predictions of inter-sexual selection theory, using anurans as a model taxon. [Masters Thesis]. University of Otago; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/2198

Uppsala University

10. Jones, William. Malaria infected male collared flycatchers, Ficedula albicollis experience higher reproductive success and tend to have larger sexual ornaments.

Degree: Biology Education Centre, 2016, Uppsala University

URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-283179

► How parasites influence the population dynamics of their hosts depends on 1) theproportion of individuals that carry the infection in the population, 2) what… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Ficedula; Avian malaria; sexual selection

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jones, W. (2016). Malaria infected male collared flycatchers, Ficedula albicollis experience higher reproductive success and tend to have larger sexual ornaments. (Thesis). Uppsala University. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-283179

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jones, William. “Malaria infected male collared flycatchers, Ficedula albicollis experience higher reproductive success and tend to have larger sexual ornaments.” 2016. Thesis, Uppsala University. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-283179.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jones, William. “Malaria infected male collared flycatchers, Ficedula albicollis experience higher reproductive success and tend to have larger sexual ornaments.” 2016. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Jones W. Malaria infected male collared flycatchers, Ficedula albicollis experience higher reproductive success and tend to have larger sexual ornaments. [Internet] [Thesis]. Uppsala University; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-283179.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Jones W. Malaria infected male collared flycatchers, Ficedula albicollis experience higher reproductive success and tend to have larger sexual ornaments. [Thesis]. Uppsala University; 2016. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-283179

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Victoria University of Wellington

11. Dixson, Alexander. Ecology and Development in an Island Population of Wellington Tree Weta (Hemideina crassidens).

Degree: 2020, Victoria University of Wellington

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/8998

► Sexual selection and the mating system of the Wellington tree weta has been extensively studied during the last 15 years. In the past 10 years,… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Ecology; Evolution; Sexual selection

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APA (6^th Edition):

Dixson, A. (2020). Ecology and Development in an Island Population of Wellington Tree Weta (Hemideina crassidens). (Masters Thesis). Victoria University of Wellington. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10063/8998

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dixson, Alexander. “Ecology and Development in an Island Population of Wellington Tree Weta (Hemideina crassidens).” 2020. Masters Thesis, Victoria University of Wellington. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/8998.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dixson, Alexander. “Ecology and Development in an Island Population of Wellington Tree Weta (Hemideina crassidens).” 2020. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Dixson A. Ecology and Development in an Island Population of Wellington Tree Weta (Hemideina crassidens). [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/8998.

Council of Science Editors:

Dixson A. Ecology and Development in an Island Population of Wellington Tree Weta (Hemideina crassidens). [Masters Thesis]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/8998

12. Gómez, Miguel. Plasticity in reproductive behaviours as a response to ecological changes.

Degree: PhD, 2018, University of Manchester

URL: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/plasticity-in-reproductive-behaviours-as-a-response-to-ecological-changes(c9f90665-0722-42fc-92d3-2603a476b20c).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.756867

► The thesis presented here utilizes a variety of methods and study systems to address how ecological promote plasticity in reproductive behaviours. We study mate choice,… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: 591.56; sexual selection; plasticity

11 more images…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gómez, M. (2018). Plasticity in reproductive behaviours as a response to ecological changes. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/plasticity-in-reproductive-behaviours-as-a-response-to-ecological-changes(c9f90665-0722-42fc-92d3-2603a476b20c).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.756867

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gómez, Miguel. “Plasticity in reproductive behaviours as a response to ecological changes.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/plasticity-in-reproductive-behaviours-as-a-response-to-ecological-changes(c9f90665-0722-42fc-92d3-2603a476b20c).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.756867.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gómez, Miguel. “Plasticity in reproductive behaviours as a response to ecological changes.” 2018. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Gómez M. Plasticity in reproductive behaviours as a response to ecological changes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/plasticity-in-reproductive-behaviours-as-a-response-to-ecological-changes(c9f90665-0722-42fc-92d3-2603a476b20c).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.756867.

Council of Science Editors:

Gómez M. Plasticity in reproductive behaviours as a response to ecological changes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2018. Available from: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/plasticity-in-reproductive-behaviours-as-a-response-to-ecological-changes(c9f90665-0722-42fc-92d3-2603a476b20c).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.756867

University of KwaZulu-Natal

13. Wilkinson, Abigail. Is pheromone detection in sexual selection applicable to everyone? sexual orientation and its association with pheromone attraction to masculine features.

Degree: 2016, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/14440

► Most traditional theories in the field of sexual selection generally imply a heterosexual bias when illustrating the biological functionality of sexual behaviour. It is suggested… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Sexual dimophism.; Sexual selection.; Pheromones.; Chemo-signals.; Sexual orientation.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wilkinson, A. (2016). Is pheromone detection in sexual selection applicable to everyone? sexual orientation and its association with pheromone attraction to masculine features. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10413/14440

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wilkinson, Abigail. “Is pheromone detection in sexual selection applicable to everyone? sexual orientation and its association with pheromone attraction to masculine features.” 2016. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/14440.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wilkinson, Abigail. “Is pheromone detection in sexual selection applicable to everyone? sexual orientation and its association with pheromone attraction to masculine features.” 2016. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Wilkinson A. Is pheromone detection in sexual selection applicable to everyone? sexual orientation and its association with pheromone attraction to masculine features. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/14440.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wilkinson A. Is pheromone detection in sexual selection applicable to everyone? sexual orientation and its association with pheromone attraction to masculine features. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/14440

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Edinburgh

14. Fisher, Sarah. Sexual selection in language, music and birdsong - common themes and issues.

Degree: 2006, University of Edinburgh

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2050

► Sexual selection plays a major role in evolutionary biology, shaping some of nature's most spectacular beauties and intricate systems. The interplay between competition, display and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: language evolution; sexual selection; birdsong; linguistics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Fisher, S. (2006). Sexual selection in language, music and birdsong - common themes and issues. (Thesis). University of Edinburgh. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2050

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fisher, Sarah. “Sexual selection in language, music and birdsong - common themes and issues.” 2006. Thesis, University of Edinburgh. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2050.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fisher, Sarah. “Sexual selection in language, music and birdsong - common themes and issues.” 2006. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Fisher S. Sexual selection in language, music and birdsong - common themes and issues. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Edinburgh; 2006. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2050.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Fisher S. Sexual selection in language, music and birdsong - common themes and issues. [Thesis]. University of Edinburgh; 2006. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2050

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Edinburgh

15. Smallwood, Eleanor. A Sexual selection approach to women's pupil size preferences in a potential mate.

Degree: 2006, University of Edinburgh

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2358

► Dilated pupils represent a display of sexual interest. The attraction value of this display in a potential mate varies between women. While some females find… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: mating strategy; pupil size; sexual selection

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APA (6^th Edition):

Smallwood, E. (2006). A Sexual selection approach to women's pupil size preferences in a potential mate. (Thesis). University of Edinburgh. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2358

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Smallwood, Eleanor. “A Sexual selection approach to women's pupil size preferences in a potential mate.” 2006. Thesis, University of Edinburgh. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2358.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Smallwood, Eleanor. “A Sexual selection approach to women's pupil size preferences in a potential mate.” 2006. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Smallwood E. A Sexual selection approach to women's pupil size preferences in a potential mate. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Edinburgh; 2006. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2358.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Smallwood E. A Sexual selection approach to women's pupil size preferences in a potential mate. [Thesis]. University of Edinburgh; 2006. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2358

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Edinburgh

16. Szeto, Pui Yiu. Origins of Language in relation to Sexual Selection.

Degree: 2010, University of Edinburgh

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5340

► Language can be viewed as sexual displays from an evolutionary perspective. As both sexes in humans contribute significantly to parental care, we can expect that… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: sexual selection; mate choice; speech content

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APA (6^th Edition):

Szeto, P. Y. (2010). Origins of Language in relation to Sexual Selection. (Thesis). University of Edinburgh. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5340

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Szeto, Pui Yiu. “Origins of Language in relation to Sexual Selection.” 2010. Thesis, University of Edinburgh. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5340.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Szeto, Pui Yiu. “Origins of Language in relation to Sexual Selection.” 2010. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Szeto PY. Origins of Language in relation to Sexual Selection. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Edinburgh; 2010. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5340.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Szeto PY. Origins of Language in relation to Sexual Selection. [Thesis]. University of Edinburgh; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5340

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Rochester

17. Zhu, Jing (1980 - ). Costs and benefits of sexual selection in Drosophila.

Degree: PhD, 2014, University of Rochester

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1802/28374

► Although indirect benefits through mate choice have been widely observed, empirical work has also found costs of sexual selection. My dissertation research explores the effects… (more)

▼ Although indirect benefits through mate choice have been widely observed, empirical work has also found costs of sexual selection. My dissertation research explores the effects of sexual selection on nonsexual fitness in Drosophila melanogaster. In chapter one, I report a study in which sexual selection facilitated adaptation in D. melanogaster. In this experiment, selection for mating competitiveness in the presence of a naturally occurring low ethanol concentration increased the flies‘ resistance to being killed by a high concentration as a correlated response. In chapter two, to test whether sexual selection can benefit populations by reducing mutation load, I created "stud" and "dud" lines from reproductively successful and unsuccessful males sorted from an outbred mutation-accumulated population, and measured male and female fitness in those lines. The study showed that even though males from stud lines had substantially higher mating success than dud males, females from the stud and dud lines did not differ in reproductive output. The results therefore give no evidence that sexual selection can reduce mutation load in this population. One possible explanation for the mixed observations of seeing costs or benefits in the presence of sexual selection is that the studies differed in the extent to which female choice was the main determinant of male reproductive success. In chapter three, I reviewed studies in which genetic correlation between male reproductive success and female (or offspring) fitness was measured to evaluate this possibility. I predicted that intralocus sexual conflict is unlikely to arise when female mate choice is the primary determinant of sexual reproductive success; and that when intralocus sexual conflict is detected, intra-sexual selection is likely to be involved. These predictions were supported by empirical data reviewed here. Chapter four is a side project in which I assayed the preference in oviposition and feeding on ethanol medium in temperate and tropical D. melanogaster populations to test the prediction that temperate populations would have higher ethanol preference than tropical populations. The results supported this prediction and this work is necessary for testing the hypothesis that utilizing ethanol is more beneficial in temperate zone than in tropics for D. melanogaster.

Subjects/Keywords: Sexual selection; Fitness; Mutation load; Adaptation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Zhu, J. (. -. ). (2014). Costs and benefits of sexual selection in Drosophila. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Rochester. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1802/28374

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zhu, Jing (1980 - ). “Costs and benefits of sexual selection in Drosophila.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Rochester. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1802/28374.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zhu, Jing (1980 - ). “Costs and benefits of sexual selection in Drosophila.” 2014. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Zhu J(-). Costs and benefits of sexual selection in Drosophila. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Rochester; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1802/28374.

Council of Science Editors:

Zhu J(-). Costs and benefits of sexual selection in Drosophila. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Rochester; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1802/28374

Mississippi State University

18. Morina, Daniel L. Reproductive ecology of white-tailed deer: fetal development and mate choice.

Degree: MS, Wildlife, Fisheries & Aquaculture, 2018, Mississippi State University

URL: http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-04262018-094625/ ;

► Aspects of white-tailed deer (<i>Odocoileus</i> virginianus) reproductive ecology remain understudied. The accuracy of the fetal age estimation equation in current use is unknown. Knowledge is… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: antlers; sexual selection; mate choice; fetal growth

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APA (6^th Edition):

Morina, D. L. (2018). Reproductive ecology of white-tailed deer: fetal development and mate choice. (Masters Thesis). Mississippi State University. Retrieved from http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-04262018-094625/ ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Morina, Daniel L. “Reproductive ecology of white-tailed deer: fetal development and mate choice.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Mississippi State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-04262018-094625/ ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Morina, Daniel L. “Reproductive ecology of white-tailed deer: fetal development and mate choice.” 2018. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Morina DL. Reproductive ecology of white-tailed deer: fetal development and mate choice. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Mississippi State University; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-04262018-094625/ ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Morina DL. Reproductive ecology of white-tailed deer: fetal development and mate choice. [Masters Thesis]. Mississippi State University; 2018. Available from: http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-04262018-094625/ ;

McMaster University

19. Dey, Cody. Dominance and Communication in a Cooperatively Breeding Bird.

Degree: PhD, 2015, McMaster University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/17407

►

Social dominance can influence the allocation of resources in animal groups and has important consequences for individual fitness. In my thesis, I examined the structure,… (more)

▼

Social dominance can influence the allocation of resources in animal groups and has important consequences for individual fitness. In my thesis, I examined the structure, formation, maintenance and consequences of dominance, in the cooperatively breeding pukeko (Porphyrio melanotus melantous: Aves). I first describe a quantitative analysis of pukeko dominance networks (Chapter 2), which included one of the first applications of exponential random graph models in behavioural ecology. This study demonstrated that pukeko form highly ordered dominance hierarchies, and that dominance relationships were influenced by both the attributes of individual birds, as well as self-organizational processes such as winner and loser effects. Additionally, I demonstrated that hatching order has an important influence on the formation of dominance relationships, with earlier hatched chicks achieving higher dominance ranks as adults (Chapter 3). To maintain dominance relationships, pukeko use their red frontal shield as a ‘status signal’, with larger frontal shields indicating more dominant individuals. I showed that sexual dimorphism in frontal shield size is dramatically different in two pukeko populations, probably due to differences in the intensity of intrasexual competition (Chapter 4). Furthermore, by manipulating apparent frontal shield size, I demonstrated that shield phenotype both influences, and is influenced by, social interactions (Chapter 5). This bi-directional relationship between signals and social interactions challenges conventional signalling theory, and has important implications for how honesty is maintained in this signalling system. Finally, I expanded my findings on pukeko colour traits by exploring interspecific patterns of bill colouration in over 1600 bird species (Chapter 6). This study revealed that colourful bills likely evolved as a signal used in competitive interactions, rather than as a sexual signal. Taken together, my research provides a significant advancement in our understanding of the complex nature of dominance in a wild bird, and provides both a methodological and theoretical basis for future studies on animal social behaviour.

Thesis

Doctor of Science (PhD)

Advisors/Committee Members: Quinn, James, Balshine, Sigal, Biology.

Subjects/Keywords: ethology; ecology; behaviour; evolution; animal; sexual selection

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APA (6^th Edition):

Dey, C. (2015). Dominance and Communication in a Cooperatively Breeding Bird. (Doctoral Dissertation). McMaster University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11375/17407

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dey, Cody. “Dominance and Communication in a Cooperatively Breeding Bird.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, McMaster University. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11375/17407.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dey, Cody. “Dominance and Communication in a Cooperatively Breeding Bird.” 2015. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Dey C. Dominance and Communication in a Cooperatively Breeding Bird. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. McMaster University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/17407.

Council of Science Editors:

Dey C. Dominance and Communication in a Cooperatively Breeding Bird. [Doctoral Dissertation]. McMaster University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/17407

20. Clark, Huon Lyndon. Reproductive success and factors affecting sexual selection in a fiddler crab, Uca mjoebergi .

Degree: 2017, Australian National University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1885/116841

► Producing offspring is the most important aspect of an animal’s life. Reproductive success is the cornerstone of evolution, but successful mating is a complex process… (more)

▼ Producing offspring is the most important aspect of an animal’s life. Reproductive success is the cornerstone of evolution, but successful mating is a complex process that we are only starting to understand. This thesis examines five aspects of reproductive success in a fiddler crab, Uca mjoebergi. This is an ideal study species since the crabs are tractable, abundant and amenable to manipulation. In the first chapter, I examine the natural mate-searching behaviour of females and show, for the first time in any species, that there is a mosaic of preferences: females prefer males of different sizes depending on where they are in the tidal zone, and when they are mate-searching in the tidal cycle. This level of complexity in female preferences can partly explain the ‘lek paradox’. In the second chapter, I examine assortative mating and show that there is a strong correlation between the size of males and females in mated pairs. I show that neither mate availability nor mating constraints can explain the pattern. Since both males and females preferentially mate with larger partners, sexual selection explains the high level of size-assortative mating. In chapter three, I revisit earlier work on this species showing that claw loss and subsequent regeneration strongly disadvantages males in terms of reproductive success. By substantially increasing the sample size, I show that males with regenerated claws are not at a mating disadvantage. This study highlights the importance of large sample sizes in behavioural studies. In chapter four, I examine the effect of temperature on mating success. Males can live in the sun or shade. There are advantages to living in the shade: males can be active for longer periods and they are less likely to dehydrate or overheat. Females that chose to mate with males living in the shade, however, would incubate their eggs at approximately 3°C lower than females incubating in sunny territories. I show that this difference in temperature does not affect the timing of crucial reproductive events and does not prevent the females from releasing their fully-formed larvae at the optimal time. In chapter five, I examine the potential consequence of habitat loss and subsequent overlap between species distributions. We can already observe this: a larger, lower-living fiddler crab is invading the habitat of Uca mjoebergi, increasing the competition between these species. I show that the disadvantages experienced by male U. mjoebergi from having a heterospecific neighbour is not necessarily as severe as common sense may suggest.

Subjects/Keywords: sexual selection; fitness; Uca; fiddler crab

10 more images…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Clark, H. L. (2017). Reproductive success and factors affecting sexual selection in a fiddler crab, Uca mjoebergi . (Thesis). Australian National University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1885/116841

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Clark, Huon Lyndon. “Reproductive success and factors affecting sexual selection in a fiddler crab, Uca mjoebergi .” 2017. Thesis, Australian National University. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/116841.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Clark, Huon Lyndon. “Reproductive success and factors affecting sexual selection in a fiddler crab, Uca mjoebergi .” 2017. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Clark HL. Reproductive success and factors affecting sexual selection in a fiddler crab, Uca mjoebergi . [Internet] [Thesis]. Australian National University; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1885/116841.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Clark HL. Reproductive success and factors affecting sexual selection in a fiddler crab, Uca mjoebergi . [Thesis]. Australian National University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1885/116841

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Ottawa

21. Oudin, Mathew. Condition Dependence of Sexual Dimorphism in the Antler Fly, Protopiophila litigata .

Degree: 2014, University of Ottawa

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31740

► In this thesis, I investigate the relationship between two variables for which persistent directional sexual selection is an evolutionary driver: condition dependence and sexual dimorphism.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Aedeagus; Diet; Condition-dependent; Sexual selection

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APA (6^th Edition):

Oudin, M. (2014). Condition Dependence of Sexual Dimorphism in the Antler Fly, Protopiophila litigata . (Thesis). University of Ottawa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31740

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Oudin, Mathew. “Condition Dependence of Sexual Dimorphism in the Antler Fly, Protopiophila litigata .” 2014. Thesis, University of Ottawa. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31740.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Oudin, Mathew. “Condition Dependence of Sexual Dimorphism in the Antler Fly, Protopiophila litigata .” 2014. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Oudin M. Condition Dependence of Sexual Dimorphism in the Antler Fly, Protopiophila litigata . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31740.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Oudin M. Condition Dependence of Sexual Dimorphism in the Antler Fly, Protopiophila litigata . [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31740

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Ottawa

22. Godfrey, Corey. Characterizing Sexual Selection in a Wild Population of Protopiophila litigata (Diptera: Piophilidae) and Analyzing the Combined Effects of Cuticular Hydrocarbons and Wing Interference Patterns on Male Mating Success in Drosophila serrata .

Degree: 2017, University of Ottawa

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35743

► One of the major research challenges is the ability to test selective forces in a wild population. A recent discovery of a new dipteran species,… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Drosophila serrata; Antler Fly; Sexual Selection; insect

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APA (6^th Edition):

Godfrey, C. (2017). Characterizing Sexual Selection in a Wild Population of Protopiophila litigata (Diptera: Piophilidae) and Analyzing the Combined Effects of Cuticular Hydrocarbons and Wing Interference Patterns on Male Mating Success in Drosophila serrata . (Thesis). University of Ottawa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35743

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Godfrey, Corey. “Characterizing Sexual Selection in a Wild Population of Protopiophila litigata (Diptera: Piophilidae) and Analyzing the Combined Effects of Cuticular Hydrocarbons and Wing Interference Patterns on Male Mating Success in Drosophila serrata .” 2017. Thesis, University of Ottawa. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35743.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Godfrey, Corey. “Characterizing Sexual Selection in a Wild Population of Protopiophila litigata (Diptera: Piophilidae) and Analyzing the Combined Effects of Cuticular Hydrocarbons and Wing Interference Patterns on Male Mating Success in Drosophila serrata .” 2017. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Godfrey C. Characterizing Sexual Selection in a Wild Population of Protopiophila litigata (Diptera: Piophilidae) and Analyzing the Combined Effects of Cuticular Hydrocarbons and Wing Interference Patterns on Male Mating Success in Drosophila serrata . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35743.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Godfrey C. Characterizing Sexual Selection in a Wild Population of Protopiophila litigata (Diptera: Piophilidae) and Analyzing the Combined Effects of Cuticular Hydrocarbons and Wing Interference Patterns on Male Mating Success in Drosophila serrata . [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35743

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Exeter

23. Skicko, Ian. Condition-dependent sexual selection in a wild population of the field cricket, Gryllus campestris.

Degree: PhD, 2018, University of Exeter

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33876

► Condition-dependent sexual selection has the potential to align natural and sexual selection and accelerate adaptation. When the expression of a sexually selected trait is constrained… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: 500; Sexual selection; Condition dependence; Gryllus campestris

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APA (6^th Edition):

Skicko, I. (2018). Condition-dependent sexual selection in a wild population of the field cricket, Gryllus campestris. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Exeter. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33876

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Skicko, Ian. “Condition-dependent sexual selection in a wild population of the field cricket, Gryllus campestris.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Exeter. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33876.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Skicko, Ian. “Condition-dependent sexual selection in a wild population of the field cricket, Gryllus campestris.” 2018. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Skicko I. Condition-dependent sexual selection in a wild population of the field cricket, Gryllus campestris. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Exeter; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33876.

Council of Science Editors:

Skicko I. Condition-dependent sexual selection in a wild population of the field cricket, Gryllus campestris. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Exeter; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33876

University of Melbourne

24. Johnson, Tamara Lee. The evolution of elaborate antennae of male moths.

Degree: 2018, University of Melbourne

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/213554

► An efficient sensory system is essential for animals to locate appropriate food resources, reproductive partners and oviposition sites as well as to detect and avoid… (more)

▼ An efficient sensory system is essential for animals to locate appropriate food resources, reproductive partners and oviposition sites as well as to detect and avoid predators. Many insects acquire this information through chemical odours, with antennae being the main receptor organ used to detect these odours. The antennae of male moths are remarkably efficient, capable of detecting minute amounts of sex pheromone released by females over many kilometres. These sex pheromones are species-specific signals and male antennae house receptors on sensory hairs that are fine-tuned to detect these signals. The male antennae of some species of moths are highly elaborate structures, with branches coming off the main flagellum. It is widely held that these elaborate antennae increase sensitivity to the female sex pheromone, but supporting data are lacking. Earlier comparative analyses provide mixed support: elaborate antennae are more common in larger species, and longer elaborate antennae are associated with lower male population abundance. However, there was no statistically significant association between antennal type and pheromone titre. Through a combination of comparative analyses, field experiments and laboratory experiments I provide evidence that morphology of the antennae of male moths is associated with their capacity to detect female sex pheromones. My phylogenetic comparative study asked whether antennal type (elaborate, feathery antennae versus simple, filiform antennae) is associated with life-history and other morphological traits. Elaborate male antennae are more likely to have evolved in species where females are monandrous and in species where females emerge as an adult with a full compliment of eggs. I also found a link between elaborate antennae and female flightlessness, with flightlessness more likely to evolve in species where males have elaborate antennae. These patterns are consistent with the view that selection favours elaborate male antennae when there is a premium on rapidly detecting the female. I further explored these ideas using laboratory experiments on the gumleaf skeletoniser moth, Uraba lugens; a common Australian species that feeds on the leaves of eucalypt trees. As population density is likely to have an impact on the ability of males to locate females, males may benefit by adjusting investment into antennae based on the population density they are likely to encounter. I reared males in small or large containers with 20 or 50 larvae, creating four different density treatments. I found that males reared in the least dense treatment (20 larvae in a large container) invested in longer antennae and wings, theoretically improving their mate detection and location abilities. When reared with 50 larvae (regardless of the container size), males instead invested in larger testes, presumably to combat the higher probability of sperm competition. Darwin suggested that elaborate male antennae evolved through sexual selection, favouring males that could rapidly detect females. I found…

Subjects/Keywords: antennal morphology; sexual selection; sex pheromones

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APA (6^th Edition):

Johnson, T. L. (2018). The evolution of elaborate antennae of male moths. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Melbourne. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11343/213554

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Johnson, Tamara Lee. “The evolution of elaborate antennae of male moths.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Melbourne. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11343/213554.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Johnson, Tamara Lee. “The evolution of elaborate antennae of male moths.” 2018. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Johnson TL. The evolution of elaborate antennae of male moths. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/213554.

Council of Science Editors:

Johnson TL. The evolution of elaborate antennae of male moths. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/213554

University of Melbourne

25. SQUIRES, ZOE. Sexual selection in cephalopods: multiple mating and sperm competition in dumpling squid (Euprymna tasmanica).

Degree: 2013, University of Melbourne

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/38421

► Sex differences in reproductive investment play a crucial role in sexual conflict. One intriguing aspect is conflict over mating frequency. In this regard, the evolution… (more)

▼ Sex differences in reproductive investment play a crucial role in sexual conflict. One intriguing aspect is conflict over mating frequency. In this regard, the evolution of female multiple mating (polyandry) has received particular attention, especially in systems where females receive no obvious direct benefits from males, and where mating is costly. Here, theory predicts that polyandrous females can increase their reproductive success by taking advantage of the genetic benefits of mating with multiple males. Cephalopods provide an interesting system for addressing this question because the great majority of species that have been studied mate multiply, with females storing sperm from multiple males, and sperm of many species have remarkable longevities. Mating is also likely to be costly in many species. Using the dumpling squid, Euprymna tasmanica, I examined differences in reproductive success between singly mated (monandrous), multiply mated (to the same male) and polyandrous (mated to two different males) females, controlling for recent male mating history and mating frequency. I found polyandrous females produced eggs faster and had larger hatchlings relative to egg mass than females mated once with a single male. These benefits are likely to outweigh the costs associated with mating and help to explain how multiple mating has evolved (or is maintained) in this group. In order to assess the natural level of multiple paternity and sperm use patterns in E. tasmanica, I developed five novel polymorphic microsatellites for this species, and measured the level of multiple paternity in clutches collected directly from the field, and from a series of clutches laid in the laboratory. All clutches measured had multiple paternity, with 2 – 4 sires per clutch, concordant with levels reported in other cephalopods. Clutches collected from the field had significantly higher levels of multiple paternity than those laid over an extended period in the laboratory, suggesting that females mate between laying bouts in the field. In order to understand sperm precedence patterns in this species I genotyped offspring produced from polyandrous females. Here I found that the last male to mate gains an advantage, siring up to 75 % of eggs at the beginning of the laying period. This level decreases to 54 % by the end of the laying period, suggesting that sperm are stratified within the female sperm storage organ at the beginning of the laying period and are more mixed by the end. Patterns of sperm precedence varied markedly among females and this variation was not correlated to any trait measured including male mass, copulation duration or the genetic relatedness of the mating pairs. The fact that all clutches had multiple sires might indicate that genetic diversity of offspring is an important driver of polyandry in this system. When examining mating behaviour in dumpling squid I found that male E.…

Subjects/Keywords: polyandry; sexual selection; cephalopod; sperm competition

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

SQUIRES, Z. (2013). Sexual selection in cephalopods: multiple mating and sperm competition in dumpling squid (Euprymna tasmanica). (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Melbourne. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11343/38421

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

SQUIRES, ZOE. “Sexual selection in cephalopods: multiple mating and sperm competition in dumpling squid (Euprymna tasmanica).” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Melbourne. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11343/38421.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

SQUIRES, ZOE. “Sexual selection in cephalopods: multiple mating and sperm competition in dumpling squid (Euprymna tasmanica).” 2013. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

SQUIRES Z. Sexual selection in cephalopods: multiple mating and sperm competition in dumpling squid (Euprymna tasmanica). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/38421.

Council of Science Editors:

SQUIRES Z. Sexual selection in cephalopods: multiple mating and sperm competition in dumpling squid (Euprymna tasmanica). [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/38421

University of Montana

26. O'Brien, Devin Mackenzie. On the Evolution of "Extreme" Morphology: Patterns of Cost and Benefit in Sexually Selected Weapons.

Degree: PhD, 2018, University of Montana

URL: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/11155

► Sexually selected weapons represent some of the most spectacular morphologies in the animal world. They grow out of proportion with body size or other,… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Animal Weapons; Behavior; Entomology; Evolution; Sexual Selection

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APA (6^th Edition):

O'Brien, D. M. (2018). On the Evolution of "Extreme" Morphology: Patterns of Cost and Benefit in Sexually Selected Weapons. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Montana. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/11155

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

O'Brien, Devin Mackenzie. “On the Evolution of "Extreme" Morphology: Patterns of Cost and Benefit in Sexually Selected Weapons.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Montana. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/11155.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

O'Brien, Devin Mackenzie. “On the Evolution of "Extreme" Morphology: Patterns of Cost and Benefit in Sexually Selected Weapons.” 2018. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

O'Brien DM. On the Evolution of "Extreme" Morphology: Patterns of Cost and Benefit in Sexually Selected Weapons. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Montana; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/11155.

Council of Science Editors:

O'Brien DM. On the Evolution of "Extreme" Morphology: Patterns of Cost and Benefit in Sexually Selected Weapons. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Montana; 2018. Available from: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/11155

McMaster University

27. Wilson, Audrey. The Role of Spatial Heterogeneity in Sexual Selection and the Evolution of Exaggerated Animal Weapons.

Degree: MSc, 2021, McMaster University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/26225

►

Sexually selected male weaponry are among the most diverse and elaborate traits seen in the animal kingdom and often aid males in securing resources and… (more)

▼

Sexually selected male weaponry are among the most diverse and elaborate traits seen in the animal kingdom and often aid males in securing resources and mates, providing a fitness advantage to those that bear them. Yet, while intra-sexual competition between males to secure mates is common, weaponry is a rare trait that is observed in few taxa. Building upon previous theory, Emlen predicted that exaggerated animal weaponry evolves when, (i) there is intense competition between males for access to females, (ii) the biology or behaviour of a species generates high variance in male reproductive success, and (iii) competitions between males promote extreme weapon size evolution. While there are many species bearing weaponry that appear to fit these contexts, it has yet to be tested if these conditions are sufficient to initiate the evolution of exaggerated weaponry. For my research, I created three environmental treatments that emulated the three conditions proposed by Emlen. Using these treatments, I conducted experiments using Drosophila melanogaster to examine the effects of spatial structure on natural and sexual selection with a focus on the initial stages of the evolution of exaggerated trait weaponry that arise from this process. From these experiments, I found that the strength of sexual and other components of natural selection vary with environmental complexity and mutational effect. I also found that these environmental treatments generate weak differences in condition dependence and allometry of fly morphological traits that could be indicative of early weapon evolution. With these experiments, I provide the initial framework to test whether the conditions proposed by Emlen are both necessary and sufficient to lead to the initial evolution of exaggerated animal weaponry and demonstrate that these conditions may indeed create the circumstances that allows this evolution to occur.

Thesis

Master of Science (MSc)

Sexual selection drives the evolution of extreme animal weapons that are used in competition between individuals for access to mates, however while competition is common, these traits are rare. Theory predicts that animal weapons will evolve when (i) there is intense competition between males for mates, (ii) there is high variance in male reproductive success, and (iii) competitions between males mostly occur as duels. For my research, I created three environments that emulated these conditions to differing extents and used the fruitfly as a model to see how these conditions influence the initial stages of animal weapon evolution. I found that these environments are variable in their effects on sexual selection and create morphological differences that could indicate early weapon evolution. With this research, I provide the initial framework to test whether these conditions can create the circumstances for the initial evolution of exaggerated animal weaponry to occur.

Advisors/Committee Members: Dworkin, Ian, Biology.

Subjects/Keywords: Evolution; Sexual Selection; Animal Weaponry; Drosophila

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wilson, A. (2021). The Role of Spatial Heterogeneity in Sexual Selection and the Evolution of Exaggerated Animal Weapons. (Masters Thesis). McMaster University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11375/26225

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wilson, Audrey. “The Role of Spatial Heterogeneity in Sexual Selection and the Evolution of Exaggerated Animal Weapons.” 2021. Masters Thesis, McMaster University. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11375/26225.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wilson, Audrey. “The Role of Spatial Heterogeneity in Sexual Selection and the Evolution of Exaggerated Animal Weapons.” 2021. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Wilson A. The Role of Spatial Heterogeneity in Sexual Selection and the Evolution of Exaggerated Animal Weapons. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. McMaster University; 2021. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/26225.

Council of Science Editors:

Wilson A. The Role of Spatial Heterogeneity in Sexual Selection and the Evolution of Exaggerated Animal Weapons. [Masters Thesis]. McMaster University; 2021. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/26225

28. Kauffmann, Juliet Laura Dare. The effect of environmental and social factors on the courtship and mating dynamics of the smooth newt, Triturus v. vulgaris.

Degree: PhD, 1998, Open University

URL: http://oro.open.ac.uk/19722/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244415

► The effect of environmental and social factors on the courtship and mating dynamics of the smooth newt. Triturus v. vulgaris, was studied using laboratory experiments,… (more)

▼ The effect of environmental and social factors on the courtship and mating dynamics of the smooth newt. Triturus v. vulgaris, was studied using laboratory experiments, an individual-based model, a semi-natural population and a field study. In view of the limitations of laboratory experiments and field observation, the semi-natural and modelling approaches are recommended as additional research tools. In the laboratory, the optimal temperature for spermatophore transfer was just below 13°C, at which point the spermatophore deposition rate is high and oxygen availability not limiting. In the wild females determine the timing of mating. They are highly receptive for a brief period after arrival at the breeding site (early spring), subsequently re-mating only sporadically. Therefore, few courtships take place at mid-season, optimal temperatures. In the semi-natural population. deposition occurred in only 3 - 6% of courtships with a median of one deposition per encounter. Male mating success is therefore unlikely to be constrained by physiological capacity for spermatophore production. Female receptivity and immigration patterns are thus the principle determinants of the operational sex ratio (OSR). According to the model, a male-biased OSR develops rapidly at the start of the season, but the strength of bias will depend on the breeding sex ratio. duration of the arrival period and extent to which males arrive before females. The OSR influences the intensity of competition for mates and the potential for sexual selection. Males compete directly for females by sexual interference, a common but low-gain strategy. Males may also compete indirectly by courting unmated and unfamiliar females preferentially (both of which have a higher probability of being receptive) although more research is needed to establish if males differ in their ability to find receptive females. There is variance in male mating success but the relative contributions of environmental factors and phenotypic traits needs further clarification.

Subjects/Keywords: 577; Sexual selection

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kauffmann, J. L. D. (1998). The effect of environmental and social factors on the courtship and mating dynamics of the smooth newt, Triturus v. vulgaris. (Doctoral Dissertation). Open University. Retrieved from http://oro.open.ac.uk/19722/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244415

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kauffmann, Juliet Laura Dare. “The effect of environmental and social factors on the courtship and mating dynamics of the smooth newt, Triturus v. vulgaris.” 1998. Doctoral Dissertation, Open University. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://oro.open.ac.uk/19722/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244415.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kauffmann, Juliet Laura Dare. “The effect of environmental and social factors on the courtship and mating dynamics of the smooth newt, Triturus v. vulgaris.” 1998. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Kauffmann JLD. The effect of environmental and social factors on the courtship and mating dynamics of the smooth newt, Triturus v. vulgaris. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Open University; 1998. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://oro.open.ac.uk/19722/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244415.

Council of Science Editors:

Kauffmann JLD. The effect of environmental and social factors on the courtship and mating dynamics of the smooth newt, Triturus v. vulgaris. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Open University; 1998. Available from: http://oro.open.ac.uk/19722/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244415

Syracuse University

29. Droge-Young, Elizabeth Metta. IDENTIFYING THE INFLUENCE OF SELECTIVE EPISODES AND MECHANISMS ON REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS IN TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM AND DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER.

Degree: PhD, Biology, 2016, Syracuse University

URL: https://surface.syr.edu/etd/427

► Parsing out what makes some individuals more reproductively successful than others is a key pursuit in evolutionary biology. While reproductive success can ultimately be… (more)

▼ Parsing out what makes some individuals more reproductively successful than others is a key pursuit in evolutionary biology. While reproductive success can ultimately be defined as the number of offspring produced over an individual’s lifetime, there are many selective episodes that shape this outcome. Because the majority of animals have multiple mates, achieving matings is but one influence on reproductive success. After copulation occurs, sperm from multiple males compete within the female reproductive tract to fertilize eggs, while females morphologically or behaviorally bias fertilization to preferred males, further shaping reproductive success. Additionally, the act of mating itself may influence parental lifespan or rate of offspring production. Here, I investigate the influence of multiple selective episodes on different aspects of reproductive success in two insects: the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster and the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Established genomes in both systems enabled the generation of transgenic, fluorescently labeled lines: green fluorescent protein (GFP) driven by a ubiquitin promoter in D. melanogaster to look at paternity in eggs, and GFP or red fluorescent protein (RFP) tagged protamines to identify different male’s sperm by head color in T. castaneum. I investigated relationships between different episodes of reproductive success in D. melanogaster and found positive correlations between sperm competitive success and offspring viability; offspring viability itself was influenced by a male × female interaction on hatching success. In T. castaneum, I explored potential drivers of their extremely promiscuous mating system and how that system influences mechanisms of postcopulatory reproductive success. I found that repeated receipt of a complete ejaculate directly benefits female reproductive success, but comes at a longevity cost to males. This direct benefit of remating to females may explain why I found that the proportion of different male’s sperm in the main chamber of the female reproductive tract, and not the specialized sperm storage organ as in D. melanogaster and many other arthropods, determine the proportion of offspring sired by each male. The great differences in postcopulatory mechanics between D. melanogaster, found previously, and T. castaneum, found here, illustrate the importance of mating system in shaping aspects of reproductive success. Advisors/Committee Members: Scott Pitnick, John M. Belote.

Subjects/Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster; Evolution; Life History; Postcopulatory Sexual Selection; Sexual Selection; Tribolium castaneum; Life Sciences

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APA (6^th Edition):

Droge-Young, E. M. (2016). IDENTIFYING THE INFLUENCE OF SELECTIVE EPISODES AND MECHANISMS ON REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS IN TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM AND DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. (Doctoral Dissertation). Syracuse University. Retrieved from https://surface.syr.edu/etd/427

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Droge-Young, Elizabeth Metta. “IDENTIFYING THE INFLUENCE OF SELECTIVE EPISODES AND MECHANISMS ON REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS IN TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM AND DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Syracuse University. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://surface.syr.edu/etd/427.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Droge-Young, Elizabeth Metta. “IDENTIFYING THE INFLUENCE OF SELECTIVE EPISODES AND MECHANISMS ON REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS IN TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM AND DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER.” 2016. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Droge-Young EM. IDENTIFYING THE INFLUENCE OF SELECTIVE EPISODES AND MECHANISMS ON REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS IN TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM AND DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Syracuse University; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://surface.syr.edu/etd/427.

Council of Science Editors:

Droge-Young EM. IDENTIFYING THE INFLUENCE OF SELECTIVE EPISODES AND MECHANISMS ON REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS IN TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM AND DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Syracuse University; 2016. Available from: https://surface.syr.edu/etd/427

University of Stirling

30. Murray, Rosalind L. The ecology and evolution of female-specific ornamentation in the dance flies (Diptera: Empidinae).

Degree: PhD, 2015, University of Stirling

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22157

► Elaborate morphological ornaments can evolve if they increase the reproductive success of the bearer during competition for mates. However, ornament evolution is incredibly rare in… (more)

▼ Elaborate morphological ornaments can evolve if they increase the reproductive success of the bearer during competition for mates. However, ornament evolution is incredibly rare in females, and the type and intensity of selection required to develop female-specific ornamentation is poorly understood. The main goals of my thesis are to clarify the relationship between the type and intensity of sexual selection that drives the evolution of female ornamentation, and investigate alternative hypotheses that might be limiting or contributing to the development of female ornaments. I investigated the ecology and evolution of female-specific ornaments within and between species of dance flies from the subfamily Empidinae (Diptera: Empididae). The dance flies display incredible mating system diversity including those with elaborate female-specific ornaments, lek-like mating swarms, aerial copulation and nuptial gift giving. To elucidate the form of sexual selection involved in female-ornament evolution, I experimentally investigated the role of sexual conflict in the evolution of multiple female- specific ornaments in the species Rhamphomyia longicauda. Through manipulative field experiments, I found that variation in the attractiveness of two ornaments displayed by females indicates that sexual conflict, causing a coevolutionary arms race, is an important force in the evolution of multiple extravagant female ornaments. Using R. longicauda again, I tested for a role of functional load-lifting constraints on the aerial mating ability of males who paired with females displaying multiple large ornaments. I found no evidence of functional constraints influencing the mating opportunities of elaborately ornate females, but instead discovered a relationship consistent with positive assortative mating for mass. Biased sex ratios are predicted to increase the intensity of sexual selection in a population, which in turn, is predicted to influence the evolution of ornamentation. I measured the incidence and prevalence of vertically transmitted symbiotic bacteria that has been observed to distort the sex ratio in other Dipteran hosts. While my survey revealed that symbionts occur at high incidence and variable prevalence across dance fly hosts, I found no effect of symbiont infection levels on population sex ratios, or female- specific ornament evolution. Further investigation into the relationship between sex ratios and female-ornament evolution using the comparative method revealed that the operational sex ratio (OSR) of a population did not predict continuous measures of female ornamentation across species. However, female-ornament evolution did predict male relative testis investment across species indicating that female ornaments likely indicate increased levels of polyandry. My thesis reveals that sexual selection theory developed to describe male-specific ornament evolution cannot readily be translated to apply to females. I show that male mate choice, rather than functional constraints or ecological associations with…

Subjects/Keywords: sexual selection; female ornamentation; dance fly; empidinae; Diptera; Diptera Behavior; Empididae; Sexual selection

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APA (6^th Edition):

Murray, R. L. (2015). The ecology and evolution of female-specific ornamentation in the dance flies (Diptera: Empidinae). (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Stirling. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22157

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Murray, Rosalind L. “The ecology and evolution of female-specific ornamentation in the dance flies (Diptera: Empidinae).” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Stirling. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22157.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Murray, Rosalind L. “The ecology and evolution of female-specific ornamentation in the dance flies (Diptera: Empidinae).” 2015. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Murray RL. The ecology and evolution of female-specific ornamentation in the dance flies (Diptera: Empidinae). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Stirling; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22157.

Council of Science Editors:

Murray RL. The ecology and evolution of female-specific ornamentation in the dance flies (Diptera: Empidinae). [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Stirling; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22157

Open Access Theses and Dissertations