subject:(Sequential Radiation)

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Bucknell University

1. Rhodes, Bradley. The role of olfactory cues in the sequential radiation of a gall-boring beetle.

Degree: 2011, Bucknell University

URL: https://digitalcommons.bucknell.edu/masters_theses/34

► Species diversity itself may cause additional species diversity. According to recent findings, some species modify their environment in such a way that they facilitate the… (more)

▼ Species diversity itself may cause additional species diversity. According to recent findings, some species modify their environment in such a way that they facilitate the creation of new niches for other species to evolve to fill. Given the vast speciesdiversity of insects, the occurrence of such sequential radiation of species is likely common among herbivorous insects and the species that depend on them, many of them being insects as well. Herbivorous insects often have close associations with specific host plants and their preferences for mating and ovipositing on a specific host-plant species can reproductively isolate host-specific populations, facilitating speciation. Previous research by our laboratory has established that there are two distinct populations of thegall fly, Eurosta solidaginis (Tephritidae), which attack different species of goldenrods, Solidago altissima (Asteraceae) and S. gigantea. The gall fly’s host-associated differentiation is facilitating the divergence and potential speciation of twosubpopulations of the gall-boring beetle Mordellistena convicta (Mordellidae) by providing new resources (galls on stems of the galdenrods) for the gall-boring beetles. These beetles exist as two host-plant associated populations of inquilines that inhabit the galls induced by the gall fly. While our previous research has provided genetic and behavioral evidence for host-race formation, little is known about the role of their host plants in assortative mating and oviposition-site selection of the gall-boring beetles’ hostassociated populations. Volatile emissions from host plants can play a major role in assisting herbivores to locate their natal host plants and thus facilitate assortative mating and host-specific oviposition. The present study investigated the role of host-plant volatiles in host fidelity (mating on the host plant) and oviposition preference of M. convicta by measuring its behavioral responses to the host-plant volatile emissions using Y-tube olfactometers. In total, we tested behavioral responses of 615 beetles. Our resultsshow that M. convicta adults are attracted to their natal host galls (67% of S. altissima-emerging beetles and 70% of S. gigantea-emerging beetles) and avoid the alternate host galls (75% of S. altissima-emerging beetles and 66% of S. gigantea-emerging beetles),while showing no preference for, or avoidance of, ungalled plants from either species. This suggests that the gall beetles can orient to the volatile chemicals emitted by the galls and can potentially use them to identify suitable sites for mating and/or oviposition. Thus, host-associated mating and oviposition may play a role in the sequential speciation of the gall-boring beetle.

Subjects/Keywords: Modellistena convicta; Tumbling flower beetle; Olfaction; Sequential radiation; Host races; Y-tube olfactometer; Medical Sciences

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APA (6^th Edition):

Rhodes, B. (2011). The role of olfactory cues in the sequential radiation of a gall-boring beetle. (Thesis). Bucknell University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.bucknell.edu/masters_theses/34

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rhodes, Bradley. “The role of olfactory cues in the sequential radiation of a gall-boring beetle.” 2011. Thesis, Bucknell University. Accessed April 18, 2021. https://digitalcommons.bucknell.edu/masters_theses/34.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rhodes, Bradley. “The role of olfactory cues in the sequential radiation of a gall-boring beetle.” 2011. Web. 18 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Rhodes B. The role of olfactory cues in the sequential radiation of a gall-boring beetle. [Internet] [Thesis]. Bucknell University; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 18]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.bucknell.edu/masters_theses/34.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Rhodes B. The role of olfactory cues in the sequential radiation of a gall-boring beetle. [Thesis]. Bucknell University; 2011. Available from: https://digitalcommons.bucknell.edu/masters_theses/34

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Cincinnati

2. Murry, Maisha M. Dissolution and Sequential Extraction of select radioactive and stable elements in soil and lunar regolith simulants.

Degree: PhD, Engineering and Applied Science: Nuclear and Radiological Engineering, 2020, University of Cincinnati

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1583999571140163

► As part of this research a new device for measuring dissolution rates for small samples, especially individual particles, was evaluated that incorporates a regenerated cellulose… (more)

▼ As part of this research a new device for measuring dissolution rates for small samples, especially individual particles, was evaluated that incorporates a regenerated cellulose dialysis membrane fixed to the bottom of a small, 2 mL plastic cup that fits into the top of a 50 mL plastic centrifuge tube. The cup is easily transferred among a series of tubes containing solvent to measure rate of dissolution. The performance of the dialysis cup device was evaluated by measuring the dissolution rate of uranyl acetate in distilled water, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and simulated lung fluid (SLF). These results were compared to the dissolution rate measured using the traditional filter sandwich method in which a sample is sealed between two hydrophilic membranes. The majority of uranyl acetate dissolved in SLF within 30 min using the traditional filter sandwich method, most of the uranyl acetate was undissolved in PBS and SLF using the dialysis membrane device. Use of the dialysis cup device for evaluating dissolution rates for uranium-bearing materials in solvents containing a high concentration of salts is not recommended.Additionally the purpose of this research is to determine whether gamma radiation affects the sequential extraction of the inhalable fraction of two different Lunar Mare Regolith simulants and uranium contaminated soil collected from an abandoned metal rolling mill. The significance of this study was to investigate whether gamma radiation influences the amount of neutron activation products extracted in various solutions that could be suggestive of possible environmental significance. The findings of this research are important for individuals working in the lunar environment or with lunar materials, such as astronauts, researchers and staff handling actual Lunar Mare Regolith, since human health risk for those exposed to this material is currently being evaluated. Findings of this research are also important for individuals working to remediate uranium contaminated soils. The respirable fraction of the two lunar simulant samples was characterized by micro X-ray Fluoresce (µ-XRF) to determine the elemental constitutes of the particles contained on the filter samples. Samples of lunar simulants and uranium metal contaminated soil were irradiated using photons from Cobolt-60 (60Co) to simulate enhanced radiation exposure that one would expect to be received on the lunar surface. The samples were also exposed to neutrons to activate stable elements for measurement and analysis by gamma spectrometry. The lunar simulant samples were characterized using Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-rays (ESEM-EDX) and Micro X-ray Fluoresce. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) was also used to characterize any changes in the lunar simulant that might have occurred due to gamma irradiation. Sequential extraction of the inhalable fraction of lunar simulant samples and uranium contaminated soil samples was used to characterize the environmental pathways of the neutron activated stable elements. Advisors/Committee Members: Spitz, Henry (Committee Chair).

Subjects/Keywords: Radiation; Sequential Extraction; Lunar Regolith simulant; Uranium contaminated soil; Dissolution; lunar simulant; Uranium

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APA (6^th Edition):

Murry, M. M. (2020). Dissolution and Sequential Extraction of select radioactive and stable elements in soil and lunar regolith simulants. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Cincinnati. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1583999571140163

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Murry, Maisha M. “Dissolution and Sequential Extraction of select radioactive and stable elements in soil and lunar regolith simulants.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Cincinnati. Accessed April 18, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1583999571140163.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Murry, Maisha M. “Dissolution and Sequential Extraction of select radioactive and stable elements in soil and lunar regolith simulants.” 2020. Web. 18 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Murry MM. Dissolution and Sequential Extraction of select radioactive and stable elements in soil and lunar regolith simulants. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Cincinnati; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 18]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1583999571140163.

Council of Science Editors:

Murry MM. Dissolution and Sequential Extraction of select radioactive and stable elements in soil and lunar regolith simulants. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Cincinnati; 2020. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1583999571140163

Texas A&M University

3. Dickey, Aaron. Host-Associated Differentiation in an Insect Community.

Degree: PhD, Entomology, 2011, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8695

► Host-Associated Differentiation (HAD) is the formation of genetically divergent hostassociated lineages maintained by ecological isolation. HAD is potentially an important route to ecological speciation in… (more)

▼ Host-Associated Differentiation (HAD) is the formation of genetically divergent hostassociated lineages maintained by ecological isolation. HAD is potentially an important route to ecological speciation in parasites including many insects. While HAD case studies are accumulating, there is a dearth of negative results in the literature making it difficult to know how common the phenomenon really is or whether there are specific traits of parasites which promote HAD. To address these two problems, studies are needed which both publish negative results (i.e., parasites not showing HAD) and test for HAD in multiple parasite species on the same pair of host species (i.e., control for host plant effects). In this study, HAD was tested in three species of herbivorous insects and one parasitoid species on the same two host tree species: pecan and water hickory. The insects were selected based on the presence or absence of two traits, parthenogenesis and endophagy. A test for HAD was considered “positive” when population substructure was explained by host-association. To test for the presence of HAD, insects were sampled sympatrically to eliminate geographical isolation as a confounding factor, sampling was replicated spatially to assure that HAD persisted, and multiple loci were sampled from each individual. Genetic data was analyzed using cluster analyses. HAD was found in both pecan leaf phylloxera and yellow pecan aphid but not in pecan bud moth or in the parasitoid of the yellow pecan aphid, Aphelinus perpallidus. Interestingly, both taxa showing HAD are parthenogenetic and both taxa not showing HAD reproduce sexually. Species showing HAD were tested for the presence of a pre-mating reproductive isolating mechanism (RIM) which could be maintaining HAD despite the potential for gene flow. Selection against migrants to the alternative host was tested in yellow pecan aphid using a no-choice fitness experiment. The overall contribution of this RIM to total isolation was positive and ranged from 0.614 to 0.850. The RIM of “habitat preference” was tested in pecan leaf phylloxera using a dual-choice preference experiment. In this species, preference was only detected for phylloxera originating from water hickory suggesting that host discrimination ability may be a less important factor promoting differentiation in phylloxera. Advisors/Committee Members: Medina, Raul F. (advisor), Eubanks, Micky D. (committee member), Harris, Marvin K. (committee member), DeWitt, Thomas J. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Parthenogenesis; Endophagy; Aphids; Carya, Solidago, Genetic Differentiation; Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms; Host-Parasite Interactions; Reciprocal Transplant; Host Plant Discrimination; Sequential Radiation

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Dickey, A. (2011). Host-Associated Differentiation in an Insect Community. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8695

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dickey, Aaron. “Host-Associated Differentiation in an Insect Community.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed April 18, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8695.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dickey, Aaron. “Host-Associated Differentiation in an Insect Community.” 2011. Web. 18 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Dickey A. Host-Associated Differentiation in an Insect Community. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 18]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8695.

Council of Science Editors:

Dickey A. Host-Associated Differentiation in an Insect Community. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8695

University of Notre Dame

4. Andrew Alexander Forbes. Sequential radiation of the parasitoid wasp Diachasma alloeum.</h1>.

Degree: Biological Sciences, 2008, University of Notre Dame

URL: https://curate.nd.edu/show/1j92g73471j

► The various modes by which new animal species are generated are still in many ways contentious amongst evolutionary biologists. Some tout the primacy of… (more)

▼ The various modes by which new animal species are generated are still in many ways contentious amongst evolutionary biologists. Some tout the primacy of geographic isolation in driving divergence, while others insist that sympatric speciation can and does occur with appreciable frequency. The latter view has gained traction in recent decades, due to an ever-enlarging pool of examples demonstrating the feasibility of sympatric divergence. However, there remains a bias towards an assumption of an allopatric contribution to any speciation event. Perhaps this bias is justified, but perhaps it is a consequence of the type of organisms that speciation studies typically focus on: the free-living, habitat and/or diet generalist, vertebrate. But these organisms do not represent the majority of animal life. The millions upon millions of small specialist organisms (including most parasites), for whom highly developed interactions with their environment are crucial to survival and reproduction, may move along evolutionary trajectories influenced more by ecology than physical isolation. The goal of my dissertation was to test a hypothesis of sequential radiation, wherein the speciation of a phytophagous insect drives parallel divergence in one of its parasitoids. I used the wasp Diachasma alloeum (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) as a study organism. Its host, Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae) is one of the preeminent examples of incipient sympatric speciation via host shifting; flies shifted from their ancestral hawthorn host into introduced European apples ~160 years ago. Diachasma alloeum wasps were reared from apple and hawthorn races of R. pomonella, as well as from the blueberry maggot, R. mendax, and snowberry maggot, R. zephyria. Wasps were scored for 21 polymorphic microsatellite loci and a 603 bp segment of the mitochondrial COI gene. Wasps were also assayed for host odor discrimination behavior using a y-tube olfactometer. Finally, host-related differences in wasp eclosion times were also investigated as a potential mechanism of allochronic isolation. Three main findings emerged from the dissertation research: 1) Genetic distances based on microsatellite frequencies revealed host-associated differences among apple, hawthorn, and blueberry fly-origin D. alloeum populations, independent of geographic origin. Furthermore, patterns of differentiation were different from locus to locus; some loci showed pronounced differences between host-associated populations, others showed a marked isolation by distance effect, irrespective of host type. 2) Apple, hawthorn and blueberry-origin D. alloeum showed preferences for the odor of their natal fruit and were antagonized by non-natal odors. 3) Apple, blueberry and hawthorn-origin D. alloeum differed in their average time to eclosion, and eclosion timing was correlated with the frequencies of certain microsatellite alleles. Taken together, the results from this study support sequential radiation for the R. pomonella / D. alloeum system. For small specialist animals, diversity… Advisors/Committee Members: Nora Besansky, Committee Member, Jeffrey L. Feder, Committee Chair, Hope Hollocher, Committee Member, David Severson, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: sequential radiation; sympatric speciation; rhagoletis; hymentopera; diachasma

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APA (6^th Edition):

Forbes, A. A. (2008). Sequential radiation of the parasitoid wasp Diachasma alloeum.</h1>. (Thesis). University of Notre Dame. Retrieved from https://curate.nd.edu/show/1j92g73471j

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Forbes, Andrew Alexander. “Sequential radiation of the parasitoid wasp Diachasma alloeum.</h1>.” 2008. Thesis, University of Notre Dame. Accessed April 18, 2021. https://curate.nd.edu/show/1j92g73471j.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Forbes, Andrew Alexander. “Sequential radiation of the parasitoid wasp Diachasma alloeum.</h1>.” 2008. Web. 18 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Forbes AA. Sequential radiation of the parasitoid wasp Diachasma alloeum.</h1>. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Notre Dame; 2008. [cited 2021 Apr 18]. Available from: https://curate.nd.edu/show/1j92g73471j.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Forbes AA. Sequential radiation of the parasitoid wasp Diachasma alloeum.</h1>. [Thesis]. University of Notre Dame; 2008. Available from: https://curate.nd.edu/show/1j92g73471j

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Clemson University

5. Luo, Peng. Time-Interval Analysis for Radiation Monitoring.

Degree: PhD, Environmental Engineering and Earth Science, 2011, Clemson University

URL: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/850

► On-line radiation monitoring is essential to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Environmental Management Science Program for assessing the impact of contaminated media at… (more)

▼ On-line radiation monitoring is essential to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Environmental Management Science Program for assessing the impact of contaminated media at DOE sites. The goal of on-line radiation monitoring is to quickly detect small or abrupt changes in activity levels in the presence of a significant ambient background. The focus of this research is on developing effective statistical algorithms to meet the goal of on-line monitoring based on time-interval (time-difference between two consecutive radiation pulses) data. Compared to the more commonly used count data which are registered in a fixed count time, time-interval data possess the potential to reduce the sampling time required to obtain statistically sufficient information to detect changes in radiation levels. This dissertation has been formulated into three sections based on three statistical methods: sequential probability ratio test (SPRT), Bayesian statistics, and cumulative sum (CUSUM) control chart. In each section, time-interval analysis based on one of the three statistical methods was investigated and compared to conventional analyses based on count data in terms of average run length (ARL or average time to detect a change in radiation levels) and detection probability with both experimental and simulated data. The experimental data were acquired with a DGF-4C (XIA, Inc) system in list mode. Simulated data were obtained by using Monte Carlo techniques to obtain a random sampling of a Poisson process. Statistical algorithms were developed using the statistical software package R and the programming function built in the data analysis environment IGOR Pro. 4.03. Overall, the results showed that the statistical analyses based on time-interval data provided similar or higher detection probabilities relative to other statistical analyses based on count data, but were able to make a quicker detection with fewer pulses at relatively higher radiation levels. To increase the detection probability and further reduce the time needed to detect a change in radiation levels for time-interval analyses, modifications or adjustments were proposed for each of the three chosen statistical methods. Parameter adjustment to the preset background level in the SPRT test could reduce the average time to detect a source by 50%. Enhanced reset modification and moving prior modification proposed for the Bayesian analysis of time-intervals resulted in a higher detection probability than the Bayesian analysis without modifications, and were independent of the amount of background data registered before a radioactive source was present. The robust CUSUM control chart coupled with a modified runs rule showed the ability to further reduce the ARL to respond to changes in radiation levels, and keep the false positive rate at a required level, e.g., about 40% shorter than the standard time-interval CUSUM control chart at 10.0cps relative to a background count rate of 2.0cps. The developed statistical algorithms for time-interval data analyses… Advisors/Committee Members: DeVol, Timothy A., DeVol , Timothy A., Fjeld , Robert A., Powell , Brian A., Sharp , Julia L..

Subjects/Keywords: Bayesian Statistics; Cumulative Sum; Detection Probability; IGOR Pro.; Radiation Monitoring; Sequential Probability Ratio Test; Environmental Sciences

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APA (6^th Edition):

Luo, P. (2011). Time-Interval Analysis for Radiation Monitoring. (Doctoral Dissertation). Clemson University. Retrieved from https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/850

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Luo, Peng. “Time-Interval Analysis for Radiation Monitoring.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Clemson University. Accessed April 18, 2021. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/850.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Luo, Peng. “Time-Interval Analysis for Radiation Monitoring.” 2011. Web. 18 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Luo P. Time-Interval Analysis for Radiation Monitoring. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Clemson University; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 18]. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/850.

Council of Science Editors:

Luo P. Time-Interval Analysis for Radiation Monitoring. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Clemson University; 2011. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/850

Arizona State University

6. Matush, Bradley. An Innovative Radiation Hardened By Design Flip-Flop.

Degree: MS, Electrical Engineering, 2010, Arizona State University

URL: http://repository.asu.edu/items/8782

► Radiation hardening by design (RHBD) has become a necessary practice when creating circuits to operate within radiated environments. While employing RHBD techniques has tradeoffs between… (more)

▼ Radiation hardening by design (RHBD) has become a necessary practice when creating circuits to operate within radiated environments. While employing RHBD techniques has tradeoffs between size, speed and power, novel designs help to minimize these penalties. Space radiation is the primary source of radiation errors in circuits and two types of single event effects, single event upsets (SEU), and single event transients (SET) are increasingly becoming a concern. While numerous methods currently exist to nullify SEUs and SETs, special consideration to the techniques of temporal hardening and interlocking are explored in this thesis. Temporal hardening mitigates both SETs and SEUs by spacing critical nodes through the use of delay elements, thus allowing collected charge to be removed. Interlocking creates redundant nodes to rectify charge collection on one single node. This thesis presents an innovative, temporally hardened D flip-flop (TFF). The TFF physical design is laid out in the 130 nm TSMC process in the form of an interleaved multi-bit cell and the circuitry necessary for the flip-flop to be hardened against SETs and SEUs is analyzed with simulations verifying these claims. Comparisons are made to an unhardened D flip-flop through speed, size, and power consumption depicting how the RHBD technique used increases all three over an unhardened flip-flop. Finally, the blocks from both the hardened and the unhardened flip-flops being placed in Synthesis and auto-place and route (APR) design flows are compared through size and speed to show the effects of using the high density multi-bit layout. Finally, the TFF presented in this thesis is compared to two other flip-flops, the majority voter temporal/DICE flip-flop (MTDFF) and the C-element temporal/DICE flip-flop (CTDFF). These circuits are built on the same 130 nm TSMC process as the TFF and then analyzed by the same methods through speed, size, and power consumption and compared to the TFF and unhardened flip-flops. Simulations are completed on the MTDFF and CTDFF to show their strengths against D node SETs and SEUs as well as their weakness against CLK node SETs. Results show that the TFF is faster and harder than both the MTDFF and CTDFF.

Subjects/Keywords: Electrical Engineering; Flip-Flop; Radiation Hardened By Design; Sequential Circuits

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APA (6^th Edition):

Matush, B. (2010). An Innovative Radiation Hardened By Design Flip-Flop. (Masters Thesis). Arizona State University. Retrieved from http://repository.asu.edu/items/8782

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Matush, Bradley. “An Innovative Radiation Hardened By Design Flip-Flop.” 2010. Masters Thesis, Arizona State University. Accessed April 18, 2021. http://repository.asu.edu/items/8782.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Matush, Bradley. “An Innovative Radiation Hardened By Design Flip-Flop.” 2010. Web. 18 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Matush B. An Innovative Radiation Hardened By Design Flip-Flop. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Arizona State University; 2010. [cited 2021 Apr 18]. Available from: http://repository.asu.edu/items/8782.

Council of Science Editors:

Matush B. An Innovative Radiation Hardened By Design Flip-Flop. [Masters Thesis]. Arizona State University; 2010. Available from: http://repository.asu.edu/items/8782

University of Manitoba

7. Ajiboye, Babasola. Molecular speciation of phosphorus in organic amendments and amended soils using nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray absorption spectroscopies.

Degree: Soil Science, 2007, University of Manitoba

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/2812

► Characterization of phosphorus (P) in organic amendments is essential for environmentally sustainable fertilization of agricultural soils. The sequential chemical extraction (SCE) technique commonly used for… (more)

▼ Characterization of phosphorus (P) in organic amendments is essential for environmentally sustainable fertilization of agricultural soils. The sequential chemical extraction (SCE) technique commonly used for P characterization does not provide any direct molecular information about P species. Studies were conducted to characterize P species in organic amendments and amended soils at a molecular level. The SCE was used to fractionate P in organic amendments including biosolids, hog, dairy and beef cattle manures, and poultry litter. The extracts were analyzed for total P and P species using inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, respectively. The relative proportions of P species in intact organic amendments and residues after each extraction, and calcareous soils amended with organic amendments and monoammonium phosphate (MAP) were estimated using the synchrotron-based P 1s X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The solution 31P NMR provided a detailed characterization of organic P in the non-labile NaOH and HCl fractions of organic amendments, but was limited in characterizing the labile fractions of most of these organic amendments due to their proneness to alkaline hydrolysis. The XANES analysis, however, identified the actual chemical species constituting the labile P that was only characterized as inorganic P or orthophosphates by sequential extraction and solution 31P NMR. In the amended Vertisolic and Chernozemic soils, XANES analysis estimated ‘soluble and adsorbed P’ as the dominant P species. For the Vertisolic soil, both the unamended and soil amended with biosolids and MAP contained hydroxyapatite (HAP). In addition, soil amended with biosolids, hog and dairy manures contained β-tricalcium phosphate (TRICAL), a more soluble CaP than HAP. TRICAL was found in all amended soils except in that amended with hog manure, while HAP was present in appreciable amount only in the control. Overall, the combination of techniques used in these studies improved the understanding of P species in organic amendments and amended soils that would not have been possible with any individual technique. Technological advances in P analysis should therefore be combined with conventional chemical extraction techniques to determine the fate of P in the environment. Advisors/Committee Members: Akinremi, Olalekan O. (Soil Science) (supervisor), Zhang, Tiequan Q. (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Soil Fertility and Root Ecology).

Subjects/Keywords: P K-XANES; Solution P-31 NMR; Sequential extraction; Phosphorus; Waste Management; Soil Chemical Analysis; Synchrotron Radiation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ajiboye, B. (2007). Molecular speciation of phosphorus in organic amendments and amended soils using nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray absorption spectroscopies. (Thesis). University of Manitoba. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1993/2812

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ajiboye, Babasola. “Molecular speciation of phosphorus in organic amendments and amended soils using nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray absorption spectroscopies.” 2007. Thesis, University of Manitoba. Accessed April 18, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/2812.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ajiboye, Babasola. “Molecular speciation of phosphorus in organic amendments and amended soils using nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray absorption spectroscopies.” 2007. Web. 18 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Ajiboye B. Molecular speciation of phosphorus in organic amendments and amended soils using nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray absorption spectroscopies. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Manitoba; 2007. [cited 2021 Apr 18]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/2812.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ajiboye B. Molecular speciation of phosphorus in organic amendments and amended soils using nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray absorption spectroscopies. [Thesis]. University of Manitoba; 2007. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/2812

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

8. Bobotsis, George. Galactic Molecular Dust Clumps using SCUBA-2 - Effects of HII Regions on Star Formation.

Degree: 2018, University of Waterloo

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/13890

► I present findings from a broad array of SCUBA-2 observations. The sample consists of 38 SCUBA-2 images targeted near mature, galactic, HII regions of the… (more)

▼ I present findings from a broad array of SCUBA-2 observations. The sample consists of 38 SCUBA-2 images targeted near mature, galactic, HII regions of the Sharpless "Sh-2" or Blitz-Stark-Fich "BFS" catalogue. In 31 of those images, dusty molecular clumps are identified by-hand using SCUBA-2 450μm and 850μm data and HII regions are identified using VLA 1.46/4.89 GHz data. Photometry and derivative properties are obtained using scripted routines. In total, 185 molecular clump composites hosting 333 cores are identified in the SCUBA-2 images. After segregation takes place for their association with nearby HII regions, a total of 176 clumps and 315 cores continue into analysis. A full property dataset is obtained for these clumps and their components as well as their associated HII regions. The SCUBA-2 clump identification process leads to strong evidence in support of increased clump condensation occurring near HII region boundaries. In addition, the HII regions are found to have a compressing effect on the outer layers of their associated clumps due to the pressure differential between the two. Average temperature analysis reveals that the portion of cores that are hotter than their surrounding cloud medium (i.e potentially collapsing and star forming) is comparable to the portion of cores colder than their surrounding cloud medium (i.e stable). Cloud segments are found to become cooler with increasing column and number density, suggesting they are not significantly heated by external mechanisms and are able to cool more efficiently at denser states. Cores are also found to be cooler with increasing column density and depict no significant temperature change with increasing number density, suggesting that most of their heating is coming from internal processes such as gravitational contraction and that the heating from this process is on the same order as the convective cooling taking place. No correlation is found between the average temperature of a cloud segment and the accumulated mass of its embedded cores. HII regions as well as OB stars are observed to have a mild heating effect on the cores and cloud segments of this molecular clump sample. The mildness of the OB star heating effect is expected to occur due to the very low incident fluxes encountered in this sample of clumps (≤ 1 W/m²). HII regions themselves show a rapid decrease in electron number density with increasing radial size. The opposite trend is observed for their total mass. The few HII region systems for which a complete description was obtained suggested a mean Star Formation Efficiency (SFE) of 4.82%, with a max of 38.72% and a min of 0.216%. However, most of the analyzed systems have an SFE value ≤ 1%. Finally, significant effort was made in identifying the greatest uncertainty contributors to SCUBA-2 data. Out of all, atmospheric emission and absorption were found to be by far the most dominant. Furthermore, a stochastic Monte-Carlo technique was developed for tending to the asymmetric nature of uncertainty in all…

Subjects/Keywords: Star; Formation; Sequential; HII; Regions; Sharpless; Blitz-Fich-Stark; Massive; OB; Collect-Collapse; RDI; Ionizing; Radiation; SCUBA-2; VLA; Dust; Nebula; Core; Clump; Cloud; GMC; YSO; PMSO; Protostar; Hydrogen; JCMT; Sh-2; BFS; CO; Association; Condensation; Molecular; Milky-Way; Galactic; Heating; Collapse; Contraction; Star-Forming; Efficiency; Compression; SCUBA; MIPS; SPIRE

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bobotsis, G. (2018). Galactic Molecular Dust Clumps using SCUBA-2 - Effects of HII Regions on Star Formation. (Thesis). University of Waterloo. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10012/13890

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bobotsis, George. “Galactic Molecular Dust Clumps using SCUBA-2 - Effects of HII Regions on Star Formation.” 2018. Thesis, University of Waterloo. Accessed April 18, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/13890.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bobotsis, George. “Galactic Molecular Dust Clumps using SCUBA-2 - Effects of HII Regions on Star Formation.” 2018. Web. 18 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Bobotsis G. Galactic Molecular Dust Clumps using SCUBA-2 - Effects of HII Regions on Star Formation. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 18]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/13890.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Bobotsis G. Galactic Molecular Dust Clumps using SCUBA-2 - Effects of HII Regions on Star Formation. [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/13890

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

9. Raphael Corrêa Medeiros. Comparação da resistência de protozoários patogênicos - Giardia spp. e Cryptosporidium spp. - e de microrganismos indicadores à desinfecção sequencial cloro-radiação ultravioleta e ozônio-radiação ultravioleta.

Degree: 2010, University of São Paulo

URL: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-13072010-143056/

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▼

Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a desinfecção seqüencial cloro-radiação ultravioleta e ozônio-radiação ultravioleta a fim de avaliar a resistência de microrganismos indicadores de poluição fecal - E. coli, coliformes totais e Clostridium perfringens - e compará-la à dos protozoários patogênicos: Giardia spp. e Cryptosporidium spp.. Houve, primeiramente, monitoramento do reator anaeróbio UASB cujo efluente foi utilizado neste estudo. Foi, então, verificado o comportamento das espécies residuais de cloro no esgoto e conduzido um estudo de parâmetros indicadores (pH, potencial de oxi-redução e condutividade) para o breakpoint. Na desinfecção, foram empregados o cloro, ozônio e radiação ultravioleta; separados, e seqüencialmente. Os ensaios realizados com ozônio promoveram remoção de DQO, sólidos e dos valores de absorbância em 254 nm, diferentemente do cloro. A ordem crescente de resistência à desinfecção foi: E. coli < coliformes totais < C. perfringens < protozoários. Houve correlação em alguns ensaios entre a bactéria esporulada C. perfringens e Giardia spp.. O efeito sinérgico, promovido pela desinfecção seqüencial, foi evidenciado em alguns experimentos para C. perfringens e Giardia spp.

The present dissertation reports on the study of the sequential disinfection with chlorine-ultraviolet radiation and ozone-ultraviolet radiation to evaluate the resistance of microorganisms that indicate fecal pollution - E. coli, total coliforms and Clostridium perfringens - and compare it to the resistance of pathogenic protozoa: Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp.. Firstly, the UASB reactor, whose effluent was utilized in this study, was monitored. Then the behavior of the residual species of chlorine in the sanitary sewage was verified and a study of the indicating parameters (pH, oxi-reduction potential and conductivity) for the breakpoint was conducted. Chlorine, ozone and ultraviolet radiation were used separately and sequentially in the disinfection. Tests performed with ozone promoted removal of COD, solids and absorbance values of 254 nm, differently from chlorine. The order of resistance to disinfection was: E. coli < total coliforms < Clostridium perfringens < protozoa. There was a correlation in some tests between spore-forming bacterium Clostridium perfringens and Giardia spp.. The synergic effect caused by the sequential disinfection was observed in some experiments for C. perfringens and Giardia spp.

Advisors/Committee Members: Luiz Antonio Daniel, Regina Maura Bueno Franco, Ann Honor Mounteer.

Subjects/Keywords: Cloro; Cryptosporidium; Desinfecção sequencial; Esgoto sanitário; Giardia; Microrganismos indicadores; Ozônio; Radiação ultravioleta; Sinergismo; Chlorine; Cryptosporidium; Giardia; Indicators microorganisms; Sanitary sewage; Sequential disinfection; Synergic effect; Ultraviolet radiation

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Medeiros, R. C. (2010). Comparação da resistência de protozoários patogênicos - Giardia spp. e Cryptosporidium spp. - e de microrganismos indicadores à desinfecção sequencial cloro-radiação ultravioleta e ozônio-radiação ultravioleta. (Masters Thesis). University of São Paulo. Retrieved from http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-13072010-143056/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Medeiros, Raphael Corrêa. “Comparação da resistência de protozoários patogênicos - Giardia spp. e Cryptosporidium spp. - e de microrganismos indicadores à desinfecção sequencial cloro-radiação ultravioleta e ozônio-radiação ultravioleta.” 2010. Masters Thesis, University of São Paulo. Accessed April 18, 2021. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-13072010-143056/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Vancouver:

Medeiros RC. Comparação da resistência de protozoários patogênicos - Giardia spp. e Cryptosporidium spp. - e de microrganismos indicadores à desinfecção sequencial cloro-radiação ultravioleta e ozônio-radiação ultravioleta. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2010. [cited 2021 Apr 18]. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-13072010-143056/.

Council of Science Editors:

Medeiros RC. Comparação da resistência de protozoários patogênicos - Giardia spp. e Cryptosporidium spp. - e de microrganismos indicadores à desinfecção sequencial cloro-radiação ultravioleta e ozônio-radiação ultravioleta. [Masters Thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2010. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-13072010-143056/

10. Juliana Lourenção. Avaliação da resistência de microrganismos patogênicos à desinfecção sequencial com ozônio-radiação ultravioleta e cloro-radiação ultravioleta.

Degree: 2009, University of São Paulo

URL: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-14072009-213918/

►

A remoção de microrganismos patogênicos através da desinfecção é uma necessidade para diminuir a incidência de doenças na população humana relacionadas com poluição fecal. A… (more)

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A remoção de microrganismos patogênicos através da desinfecção é uma necessidade para diminuir a incidência de doenças na população humana relacionadas com poluição fecal. A desinfecção sequencial tem grande potencial na remoção de microrganismos, quando comparada com a desinfecção convencional (um desinfetante). Neste trabalho buscou-se comparar a resistência de microrganismos indicadores de bactérias - E. coli e coliformes totais - e bactérias esporuladas - Clostridium perfringens quanto à desinfecção sequencial empregando cloro seguido de radiação ultravioleta e ozônio seguido de radiação ultravioleta; e à desinfecção convencional utilizando-se os mesmos desinfetantes aplicados individualmente em esgoto sanitário tratado previamente em reator UASB. Os ensaios foram realizados em batelada. As dosagens de cloro aplicadas foram de 10, 20 e 30 mg\'CL IND.2\'/L; de ozônio foram de 5,6; 11 e 16,5 mg\'O IND.3\'/L, ambos para os tempos de contato 10, 20 e 30 minutos. Na desinfecção sequencial com cloro foram aplicadas as doses de 1, 5 e 10 Wh/\'M POT.3d́e radiação UV; com ozônio, as doses de radiação foram variadas de 0,5 a 10 Wh/\'M POT.3\'. Na desinfecção sequencial de cloro-UV, foram removidos 2,5 e 5,2 log de C. perfringens e coliformes totais, respectivamente contra 1,5 e 4,2 log na desinfecção convencional para os mesmos microrganismos. Na desinfecção com cloro, a ordem decrescente de resistência foi: C. perfringens > coliformes totais > E. coli. Para ozônio seguido de UV, C. perfringens apresentou maior resistência e, em alguns ensaios, E. coli apresentou-se mais resistente que coliformes totais. A ação do ozônio mostrou-se notável para a melhoria da qualidade do esgoto tratado avaliada pela diminuição das concentrações de sólidos suspensos totais, sólidos totais, absorbância em comprimento de onda de 254 nm e da DQO, diferentemente do esgoto clorado no qual ocorreu o aumento nos valores destas variáveis físico-químicas. A ação da radiação ultravioleta foi potencializada quando aplicada sequencialmente ao cloro e ao ozônio.

The removal of pathogenic microorganisms through disinfection is a necessity to decrease the incidence of diseases in the human population related to fecal pollution. Sequential disinfection has a great potential on the removal of microorganisms when compared to conventional disinfection (single disinfectant). This work compared the resistance of indicators microorganisms of bacteria - E. coli and total coliforms - and spore-forming bacteria - Clostridium perfringens concerning the sequential and conventional disinfections. The sequential disinfection initially employed chlorine followed by ultraviolet radiation and ozone followed by ultraviolet radiation. The conventional disinfection utilized the same disinfectants individually applied in sanitary sewage previously treated in UASB reactor. The tests were made in batch. The chlorine dosages applied were 10, 20 and 30 mg\'CL IND.2\'/L; ozone were 5,6; 11 and 16,5 mg\'O IND.3\'/L, both for the contact times 10, 20 and 30 minutes. In…

Advisors/Committee Members: Luiz Antonio Daniel, Roque Passos Piveli, Clovis Wesley Oliveira de Souza.

Subjects/Keywords: Cloro; Clostridium perfringens; Coliformes totais; Desinfecção sequencial; Escherichia coli; Esgoto sanitário; Ozônio; Radiação ultravioleta; Chlorine; Clostridium perfringens; Escherichia coli; Ozone; Sanitary sewage; Sequential disinfection; Total coliforms; Ultraviolet radiation

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Lourenção, J. (2009). Avaliação da resistência de microrganismos patogênicos à desinfecção sequencial com ozônio-radiação ultravioleta e cloro-radiação ultravioleta. (Masters Thesis). University of São Paulo. Retrieved from http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-14072009-213918/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lourenção, Juliana. “Avaliação da resistência de microrganismos patogênicos à desinfecção sequencial com ozônio-radiação ultravioleta e cloro-radiação ultravioleta.” 2009. Masters Thesis, University of São Paulo. Accessed April 18, 2021. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-14072009-213918/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Vancouver:

Lourenção J. Avaliação da resistência de microrganismos patogênicos à desinfecção sequencial com ozônio-radiação ultravioleta e cloro-radiação ultravioleta. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2009. [cited 2021 Apr 18]. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-14072009-213918/.

Council of Science Editors:

Lourenção J. Avaliação da resistência de microrganismos patogênicos à desinfecção sequencial com ozônio-radiação ultravioleta e cloro-radiação ultravioleta. [Masters Thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2009. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-14072009-213918/

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