subject:(Retrofit)

University of Southern California

1. Gong, Meng. External bracing of existing buildings to reduce drift under lateral load.

Degree: Master of Building Science, Building Science, 2013, University of Southern California

URL: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/314080/rec/2690

► The seismic code for structures is becoming more and more strict due to the knowledge people have gained from learning about previous damage from earthquakes.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: seismic; retrofit; brace

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gong, M. (2013). External bracing of existing buildings to reduce drift under lateral load. (Masters Thesis). University of Southern California. Retrieved from http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/314080/rec/2690

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gong, Meng. “External bracing of existing buildings to reduce drift under lateral load.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of Southern California. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/314080/rec/2690.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gong, Meng. “External bracing of existing buildings to reduce drift under lateral load.” 2013. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Gong M. External bracing of existing buildings to reduce drift under lateral load. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Southern California; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/314080/rec/2690.

Council of Science Editors:

Gong M. External bracing of existing buildings to reduce drift under lateral load. [Masters Thesis]. University of Southern California; 2013. Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/314080/rec/2690

University of Pretoria

2. [No author]. Boukunde III : environmental audit and retrofit .

Degree: 2009, University of Pretoria

URL: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12052008-113321/

► The dissertation provides a solution to the existing Boukunde buildings spatial shortfall. A proposal for additional space is used as catalyst for improving daylight conditions… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Analysis; Building physiology; Retrofit; UCTD

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APA (6^th Edition):

author], [. (2009). Boukunde III : environmental audit and retrofit . (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12052008-113321/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

author], [No. “Boukunde III : environmental audit and retrofit .” 2009. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12052008-113321/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

author], [No. “Boukunde III : environmental audit and retrofit .” 2009. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

author] [. Boukunde III : environmental audit and retrofit . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12052008-113321/.

Council of Science Editors:

author] [. Boukunde III : environmental audit and retrofit . [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2009. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12052008-113321/

Penn State University

3. Chandrasekaran, Sandhya. Retrofit Optimization for Resilience Enhancement of Bridges multihazard Scenario .

Degree: 2014, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22635

► Bridge performance is often controlled by the strength of its critical sub-structural components (Teng et. al 2000). The seismic response of highway bridges is governed… (more)

▼ Bridge performance is often controlled by the strength of its critical sub-structural components (Teng et. al 2000). The seismic response of highway bridges is governed significantly by the axial strength and ductility of its columns. Prior to 1971, bridge failures were often characterized by column failures at the plastic hinge zones due to poor detailing and insufficient confinement (Ramanathan 2012). The Caltrans Seismic Retrofit Program adopted the technique of column jacketing to provide the additional confinement required to restrict the lateral disintegration of column concrete. Steel jackets have been established as a means to increase the deformation capacity of concrete beyond its unconfined compressive strength and consequently improve the column rotational ductility under lateral loading. However, fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) is growing as a preferred alternative owing to its high strength to weight ratio, resistance to corrosion and superior confinement through hoop action coming from the orientation of its constituent fibers (Hajsadeghi et. al 2010). FRPs also provide the advantage of easy and economical installation, although their manufacturing costs are much higher in comparison to steel. The inherent disparity in the mechanical properties and the associated costs of these different materials gives rise to a trade-off between cost and performance when it comes to retrofit operations. This study explores the aforesaid trade-off and aims to optimize bridge retrofit design configurations with respect to cost and resilience. The study is a two-objective optimization problem that aims to minimize column jacket retrofit cost and simultaneously maximize the retrofitted performance measured in terms of bridge resilience. Multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, namely Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II is used to carry out the optimization owing to its implicit elitism and simplicity in use. The variables in the parameter space include the choice of material for the retrofit, the choice of column in the bridge to be retrofitted and the thickness of the retrofit material for each bridge column. Three different materials, steel, carbon fiber and glass fiber composites are investigated, each associated with different values of strength and unit cost. Required thickness of jacket and unit cost of jacketing differ for each material for the same target resilience. The algorithm hence, searches the domain to arrive at parameter values which are most favorable in terms of cost as well the resulting resilience of the retrofitted structure. Results from the optimization, called Pareto-optimal set, include solutions that are distinct from each other in terms of the associated cost, contribution to resilience enhancement, and values of design parameters. The user is offered a wide range of superior solutions to choose from, based on more specific preferences. It is of interest to investigate seismic resilience enhancement due to column retrofit under the multi-hazard effect of earthquake and flood-induced… Advisors/Committee Members: Swagata Banerjee Basu, Thesis Advisor/Co-Advisor.

Subjects/Keywords: Optimization; seismic retrofit; resilience

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chandrasekaran, S. (2014). Retrofit Optimization for Resilience Enhancement of Bridges multihazard Scenario . (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22635

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chandrasekaran, Sandhya. “Retrofit Optimization for Resilience Enhancement of Bridges multihazard Scenario .” 2014. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed January 26, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22635.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chandrasekaran, Sandhya. “Retrofit Optimization for Resilience Enhancement of Bridges multihazard Scenario .” 2014. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Chandrasekaran S. Retrofit Optimization for Resilience Enhancement of Bridges multihazard Scenario . [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22635.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Chandrasekaran S. Retrofit Optimization for Resilience Enhancement of Bridges multihazard Scenario . [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2014. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22635

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Pretoria

4. Gardiner, Kenneth. Boukunde III : environmental audit and retrofit.

Degree: Architecture, 2009, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30113

► The dissertation provides a solution to the existing Boukunde buildings spatial shortfall. A proposal for additional space is used as catalyst for improving daylight conditions… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Analysis; Building physiology; Retrofit; UCTD

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gardiner, K. (2009). Boukunde III : environmental audit and retrofit. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30113

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gardiner, Kenneth. “Boukunde III : environmental audit and retrofit.” 2009. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30113.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gardiner, Kenneth. “Boukunde III : environmental audit and retrofit.” 2009. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Gardiner K. Boukunde III : environmental audit and retrofit. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30113.

Council of Science Editors:

Gardiner K. Boukunde III : environmental audit and retrofit. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30113

University College Cork

5. Dineen, Denis. Bottom-up modelling of energy demand and technical energy savings potential in the Irish residential sector.

Degree: 2014, University College Cork

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10468/1762

► The International Energy Agency has repeatedly identified increased end-use energy efficiency as the quickest, least costly method of green house gas mitigation, most recently in… (more)

▼ The International Energy Agency has repeatedly identified increased end-use energy efficiency as the quickest, least costly method of green house gas mitigation, most recently in the 2012 World Energy Outlook, and urges all governing bodies to increase efforts to promote energy efficiency policies and technologies. The residential sector is recognised as a major potential source of cost effective energy efficiency gains. Within the EU this relative importance can be seen from a review of the National Energy Efficiency Action Plans (NEEAP) submitted by member states, which in all cases place a large emphasis on the residential sector. This is particularly true for Ireland whose residential sector has historically had higher energy consumption and CO2 emissions than the EU average and whose first NEEAP targeted 44% of the energy savings to be achieved in 2020 from this sector. This thesis develops a bottom-up engineering archetype modelling approach to analyse the Irish residential sector and to estimate the technical energy savings potential of a number of policy measures. First, a model of space and water heating energy demand for new dwellings is built and used to estimate the technical energy savings potential due to the introduction of the 2008 and 2010 changes to part L of the building regulations governing energy efficiency in new dwellings. Next, the author makes use of a valuable new dataset of Building Energy Rating (BER) survey results to first characterise the highly heterogeneous stock of existing dwellings, and then to estimate the technical energy savings potential of an ambitious national retrofit programme targeting up to 1 million residential dwellings. This thesis also presents work carried out by the author as part of a collaboration to produce a bottom-up, multi-sector LEAP model for Ireland. Overall this work highlights the challenges faced in successfully implementing both sets of policy measures. It points to the wide potential range of final savings possible from particular policy measures and the resulting high degree of uncertainty as to whether particular targets will be met and identifies the key factors on which the success of these policies will depend. It makes recommendations on further modelling work and on the improvements necessary in the data available to researchers and policy makers alike in order to develop increasingly sophisticated residential energy demand models and better inform policy. Advisors/Committee Members: Ó Gallachóir, Brian P., IRCSET.

Subjects/Keywords: Residential; Retrofit; Energy modelling

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APA (6^th Edition):

Dineen, D. (2014). Bottom-up modelling of energy demand and technical energy savings potential in the Irish residential sector. (Thesis). University College Cork. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10468/1762

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dineen, Denis. “Bottom-up modelling of energy demand and technical energy savings potential in the Irish residential sector.” 2014. Thesis, University College Cork. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10468/1762.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dineen, Denis. “Bottom-up modelling of energy demand and technical energy savings potential in the Irish residential sector.” 2014. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Dineen D. Bottom-up modelling of energy demand and technical energy savings potential in the Irish residential sector. [Internet] [Thesis]. University College Cork; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10468/1762.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Dineen D. Bottom-up modelling of energy demand and technical energy savings potential in the Irish residential sector. [Thesis]. University College Cork; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10468/1762

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Ottawa

6. Jung, Hyunchul. Blast Retrofit of Unreinforced Masonry Walls Using Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) Composites .

Degree: 2020, University of Ottawa

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40530

► Unreinforced masonry (URM) walls are commonly found in existing and heritage buildings in Canada, either as infill or load-bearing walls. Such walls are vulnerable to… (more)

▼ Unreinforced masonry (URM) walls are commonly found in existing and heritage buildings in Canada, either as infill or load-bearing walls. Such walls are vulnerable to sudden and brittle failure under blast loads due to their insufficient out-of-plane strength. The failure of such walls under blast pressures can also result in fragmentation and wall debris which can injure building occupants. Over the years, researchers have conducted experimental tests to evaluate the structural behaviour of unreinforced masonry walls under out-of-plane loading. Various strengthening methods have been proposed, including the use of concrete overlays, polyurea coatings and advanced fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. Fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) is an emerging material which can also be used to strengthen and remove the deficiencies in unreinforced masonry walls. This composite material consists of a sequence of one or multiple layers of cement-based mortar reinforced with an open mesh of dry fibers (fabric). This thesis presents an experimental and analytical study which investigates the effectiveness of using FRCM composites to improve the out-of-plane resistance of URM walls when subjected to blast loading. As part of the experimental program, two large-scale URM masonry walls were constructed and strengthened with the 3-plies of unidirectional carbon FRCM retrofit. The specimens included one infill concrete masonry (CMU) wall, and one load-bearing stone wall. The University of Ottawa Shock Tube was used to test the walls under gradually increasing blast pressures until failure, and the results were compared to those of control (un-retrofitted) walls tested in previous research. Overall, the FRCM strengthening method was found to be a promising retrofit technique to increase the blast resistance of unreinforced masonry walls. In particular, the retrofit was effective in increasing the out-of-plane strength, stiffness and ultimate blast capacity of the walls, while delaying brittle failure and reducing fragmentation. As part of the analytical research, Single Degree of Freedom (SDOF) analysis was performed to predict the blast behaviour of the stone load-bearing retrofit wall. This was done by computing wall flexural strength using Plane Section Analysis, and developing an idealized resistance curve for use in the SDOF analysis. Overall, the dynamic analysis results were found to be in reasonable agreement with the experimental maximum displacements.

Subjects/Keywords: FRCM; Blast; Masonry; Retrofit

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jung, H. (2020). Blast Retrofit of Unreinforced Masonry Walls Using Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) Composites . (Thesis). University of Ottawa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40530

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jung, Hyunchul. “Blast Retrofit of Unreinforced Masonry Walls Using Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) Composites .” 2020. Thesis, University of Ottawa. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40530.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jung, Hyunchul. “Blast Retrofit of Unreinforced Masonry Walls Using Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) Composites .” 2020. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Jung H. Blast Retrofit of Unreinforced Masonry Walls Using Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) Composites . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40530.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Jung H. Blast Retrofit of Unreinforced Masonry Walls Using Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) Composites . [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40530

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Delft University of Technology

7. Van Dijk, P.A. (author). Solutions for the Province of Groningen: Seismic retrofit of historic Amsterdam School houses.

Degree: 2015, Delft University of Technology

URL: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:89caf2e7-5702-4f6e-a5f3-74b77a6d47f2

►

Earthquakes, as a result of commercial extraction of natural gas out of deep soil, has become a frequently recurring phenomenon in the Province of Groningen.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: earthquakes; Groningen; retrofit; Amsterdam School

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APA (6^th Edition):

Van Dijk, P. A. (. (2015). Solutions for the Province of Groningen: Seismic retrofit of historic Amsterdam School houses. (Masters Thesis). Delft University of Technology. Retrieved from http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:89caf2e7-5702-4f6e-a5f3-74b77a6d47f2

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Van Dijk, P A (author). “Solutions for the Province of Groningen: Seismic retrofit of historic Amsterdam School houses.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Delft University of Technology. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:89caf2e7-5702-4f6e-a5f3-74b77a6d47f2.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Van Dijk, P A (author). “Solutions for the Province of Groningen: Seismic retrofit of historic Amsterdam School houses.” 2015. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Van Dijk PA(. Solutions for the Province of Groningen: Seismic retrofit of historic Amsterdam School houses. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:89caf2e7-5702-4f6e-a5f3-74b77a6d47f2.

Council of Science Editors:

Van Dijk PA(. Solutions for the Province of Groningen: Seismic retrofit of historic Amsterdam School houses. [Masters Thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2015. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:89caf2e7-5702-4f6e-a5f3-74b77a6d47f2

University of Manchester

8. Xu, Kexin. Design and optimization of plate heat exchanger networks.

Degree: PhD, 2020, University of Manchester

URL: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/design-and-optimization-of-plate-heat-exchanger-networks(f6082dfa-a298-4639-9b5f-7ba76a0a9943).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.820121

► With the growth of energy consumption and the increase of greenhouse gas emissions, it is important to improve heat transfer efficiency and save energy. One… (more)

▼ With the growth of energy consumption and the increase of greenhouse gas emissions, it is important to improve heat transfer efficiency and save energy. One of the most effective ways is to consider use of heat transfer enhancement for increasing heat recovery. Plate heat exchangers, which allow a small minimum temperature approach, are widely used in the energy-intensive process industries to enhance heat transfer coefficient. A major limitation of applying plate heat exchanges is the lack of reliable design methods to quantify the energy saving effectively. The key objective is to develop a novel method for a single plate heat exchanger design and integrate the plate heat exchangers into conventional heat exchanger network retrofits. A new computer-aided design of two-stream multi-pass plate heat exchangers is proposed, including gasket plate heat exchangers and welded plate heat exchangers, with different plate geometries. To account for multi-pass flow arrangements, the plate heat exchanger is separated into several pure counter-current or co-current one-pass blocks. The correlations of inlet and outlet temperatures of different blocks are obtained in order to apply the logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD) method for thermal design in each single-pass block with known temperatures. The selection of the number of passes for streams, plate geometries and plate patterns are considered as integer variables to optimize the total area of plate heat exchanger. An MINLP model is developed in GAMS using ANTIGONE solver in order to derive the optimal solution. A case study is used to demonstrate the capability of proposed method to obtain the optimal solution with required heat load and constraints. The proposed design model can also be further applied to the complex heat exchanger network design. Application of plate heat exchangers into the heat exchanger networks (HENs) retrofit increases the heat recovery due to their small minimum approach temperature. However, the installation cost of plate heat exchangers is relatively high. Thus, the optimization process is based on the trade-off between energy reduction and capital cost. For a fixed structure HEN, the heat recovery is limited. Structure modifications have the possibility of providing more energy saving but bring more cost at the same time. A decision on the best retrofit strategy to apply to a given HEN depends on the given retrofit objective. This thesis presents a methodology for the application of plate heat exchanger in HENs, both with fixed structure and with structure modification. The key point is to find the most beneficial location to apply plate heat exchangers and develop an algorithm to automatically identify the best modifications. The objective of the optimization process of HENs retrofit is to minimize the energy consumption and maximise the retrofit profit at the same time. Case studies highlight the benefits of the new approach. The results are compared with conventional technologies to provide the insight on the potential benefit of…

Subjects/Keywords: retrofit; optimization; plate heat exchanger

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APA (6^th Edition):

Xu, K. (2020). Design and optimization of plate heat exchanger networks. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/design-and-optimization-of-plate-heat-exchanger-networks(f6082dfa-a298-4639-9b5f-7ba76a0a9943).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.820121

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Xu, Kexin. “Design and optimization of plate heat exchanger networks.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed January 26, 2021. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/design-and-optimization-of-plate-heat-exchanger-networks(f6082dfa-a298-4639-9b5f-7ba76a0a9943).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.820121.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Xu, Kexin. “Design and optimization of plate heat exchanger networks.” 2020. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Xu K. Design and optimization of plate heat exchanger networks. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/design-and-optimization-of-plate-heat-exchanger-networks(f6082dfa-a298-4639-9b5f-7ba76a0a9943).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.820121.

Council of Science Editors:

Xu K. Design and optimization of plate heat exchanger networks. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2020. Available from: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/design-and-optimization-of-plate-heat-exchanger-networks(f6082dfa-a298-4639-9b5f-7ba76a0a9943).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.820121

University of Windsor

9. Xue, Yuan. RETROFIT OF LATTICED COMMUNICATION TOWERS.

Degree: MA, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2015, University of Windsor

URL: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/5281

► In this research, the effectiveness of channel section retrofit on angle section was investigated. Three unique angle section types (2∟25x19x3, 2∟51x32x4.8 and 2∟32x32x6.4) and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: LATTICED TOWER; TOWER RETROFIT

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APA (6^th Edition):

Xue, Y. (2015). RETROFIT OF LATTICED COMMUNICATION TOWERS. (Masters Thesis). University of Windsor. Retrieved from https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/5281

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Xue, Yuan. “RETROFIT OF LATTICED COMMUNICATION TOWERS.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Windsor. Accessed January 26, 2021. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/5281.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Xue, Yuan. “RETROFIT OF LATTICED COMMUNICATION TOWERS.” 2015. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Xue Y. RETROFIT OF LATTICED COMMUNICATION TOWERS. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Windsor; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/5281.

Council of Science Editors:

Xue Y. RETROFIT OF LATTICED COMMUNICATION TOWERS. [Masters Thesis]. University of Windsor; 2015. Available from: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/5281

University of Arizona

10. Relei, Dominique Rachelle. Methods of Identifying and Renovating Buildings to Accommodate Natural Disaster Needs in East Coast Regions .

Degree: 2019, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/633079

► As the world continues to see an increase in Natural Disasters, there is a need for disaster preparedness now more than ever. Through the retrofitting… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Disaster prepardness; Methodology; Renovation; Retrofit

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APA (6^th Edition):

Relei, D. R. (2019). Methods of Identifying and Renovating Buildings to Accommodate Natural Disaster Needs in East Coast Regions . (Masters Thesis). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/633079

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Relei, Dominique Rachelle. “Methods of Identifying and Renovating Buildings to Accommodate Natural Disaster Needs in East Coast Regions .” 2019. Masters Thesis, University of Arizona. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/633079.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Relei, Dominique Rachelle. “Methods of Identifying and Renovating Buildings to Accommodate Natural Disaster Needs in East Coast Regions .” 2019. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Relei DR. Methods of Identifying and Renovating Buildings to Accommodate Natural Disaster Needs in East Coast Regions . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Arizona; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/633079.

Council of Science Editors:

Relei DR. Methods of Identifying and Renovating Buildings to Accommodate Natural Disaster Needs in East Coast Regions . [Masters Thesis]. University of Arizona; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/633079

University of Waterloo

11. Rustum, Asim. Evaluating the Retrofit of Highway Bridges Using Fluid Viscous Dampers.

Degree: 2012, University of Waterloo

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/6510

► Highway bridges function as the arteries of our society. Hence, it is essential that they remain operational following an earthquake. Unfortunately, a significant number of… (more)

▼ Highway bridges function as the arteries of our society. Hence, it is essential that they remain operational following an earthquake. Unfortunately, a significant number of bridges worldwide, including in Canada, were constructed prior to the development of modern seismic design provisions. In many cases, such bridges are expected to perform poorly during earthquakes. According to a report published in 2000 by Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO), in eastern Ontario alone, there are over 70 bridges that are structurally deficient. Current methods to retrofit these bridges to bring them into compliance with the existing codes would entail substantial structural modifications. Examples of such modifications include the replacement of existing rocker bearings with elastomeric bearings, structural strengthening of piers, and enlarging the bearing surfaces. These methods involve substantial cost, effort, and materials. An alternative means to retrofit structurally deficient bridges is investigated in this thesis. This method involves using a combination of elastomeric bearings and fluid dampers to retrofit highway bridges. In principle, these devices work in the same way as shock absorbers in automobiles. They absorb shock and dissipate the vibration energy to the environment as heat. In the case of bridges, earthquakes impart the shock to the structure. Before these devices can be implemented in practice, there are many issues that need to be understood with respect to their performance and modelling. Moreover, a comparative assessment between popular retrofit options employing isolation systems needs to be undertaken to verify and provide a benchmark to assess their performance. The Mississippi River Bridge near Ottawa is chosen as a test structure to conduct this study. This bridge already contains an advanced isolation system, and has an extensive documentation available for modelling and verification. Various retrofit options will be studied and compared with the existing isolation design for this bridge. In all cases, the effect of soil-structure interaction is included. A comprehensive set of performance indices are used to evaluate the performance of various retrofit options. All the models are constructed in the open source software, OpenSees. The research demonstrates that the proposed approach is a viable retrofit method for highway bridges. Moreover, compared to advanced isolation systems, retrofit using elastomeric bearings with viscous dampers was successful on transferring lower loads to the substructure, and resulted in lower superstructure displacements. Though this study involved one bridge, it has provided a computational test bed to perform further studies and has provided valuable insight into the modeling and performance of retrofit solutions.

Subjects/Keywords: bridge seismic retrofit viscous dampers

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APA (6^th Edition):

Rustum, A. (2012). Evaluating the Retrofit of Highway Bridges Using Fluid Viscous Dampers. (Thesis). University of Waterloo. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10012/6510

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rustum, Asim. “Evaluating the Retrofit of Highway Bridges Using Fluid Viscous Dampers.” 2012. Thesis, University of Waterloo. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/6510.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rustum, Asim. “Evaluating the Retrofit of Highway Bridges Using Fluid Viscous Dampers.” 2012. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Rustum A. Evaluating the Retrofit of Highway Bridges Using Fluid Viscous Dampers. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/6510.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Rustum A. Evaluating the Retrofit of Highway Bridges Using Fluid Viscous Dampers. [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/6510

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Kansas

12. Bun, Say Hak. Retrofit Techniques for Distortion-induced Fatigue Damage in Steel Bridge Girders.

Degree: MS, Civil, Environmental & Architectural Engineering, 2014, University of Kansas

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/27532

► Distortion-induced fatigue has been a primary research topic in the Fatigue and Fracture research group at the University of Kansas, with an aim of determining… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Civil engineering; Distortion; Fatigue; Retrofit

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bun, S. H. (2014). Retrofit Techniques for Distortion-induced Fatigue Damage in Steel Bridge Girders. (Masters Thesis). University of Kansas. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1808/27532

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bun, Say Hak. “Retrofit Techniques for Distortion-induced Fatigue Damage in Steel Bridge Girders.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Kansas. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1808/27532.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bun, Say Hak. “Retrofit Techniques for Distortion-induced Fatigue Damage in Steel Bridge Girders.” 2014. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Bun SH. Retrofit Techniques for Distortion-induced Fatigue Damage in Steel Bridge Girders. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Kansas; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/27532.

Council of Science Editors:

Bun SH. Retrofit Techniques for Distortion-induced Fatigue Damage in Steel Bridge Girders. [Masters Thesis]. University of Kansas; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/27532

University of Sydney

13. Liu, Margaret Ze-Yu. Energy efficiency retrofits of tertiary education buildings: An investigation of case studies in New South Wales .

Degree: 2016, University of Sydney

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16336

► Improving the energy efficiency of existing building stock has been acknowledged as one of the most critical environmental challenges facing the building industry. However, the… (more)

▼ Improving the energy efficiency of existing building stock has been acknowledged as one of the most critical environmental challenges facing the building industry. However, the efficacy of such retrofits in improving energy efficiency has not been comprehensively explored. Existing tertiary education buildings have been particularly underserved by previous research in this area. Previous methods for evaluating the impact of retrofits, for the most part, measured the differences between annual energy consumption immediately before and after the retrofit. Monitoring energy consumption in previous case studies has generally been limited to the initial 12 -18 months post-retrofit. The longer-term impact of energy efficiency retrofits on energy trends has not been adequately examined. This renders most reported figures on the impact of retrofit on energy consumption unreliable, or limited at best, as they fail to allow enough time for retrofitted systems to reach their peak efficiency. The lack of long-term monitoring in the post-retrofit period may have been due to perceived difficulties in keeping track of the many variables in a particular building, both building-related and occupant-related, for extended periods. The lack of sub-metering in many buildings added another layer of complexity in determining retrofit impact, as it restricted assessment to only a broad energy trend analysis, rather than a precise measurement. In addition, there were insufficient suitable energy-use-intensity (EUI) benchmarks against which to assess energy consumption, given each building’s unique mix of space use. A total of 12 case studies from 4 tertiary education institutions in New South Wales were investigated in this study. The retrofit scope predominately involved works in HVAC (heating and cooling) and lighting, the two leading areas of energy use in an average university building. Most of the retrofit cases involved both active and passive systems, with active systems being the majority of the work scope. A preliminary building space audit was carried out for each case study to establish the size and percentage of spaces allocated to each use. Each space category was allocated with a low and a high EUI benchmark, amalgamated from existing literature. This range was then weighted according to the percentage of space use to form a customised EUI range for each building. The pre- and post-retrofit EUIs of the building were then measured against 4 the benchmarks to indicate their relative performance. The result of the preliminary audit established a broad metric of each building’s general energy performance, given its space composition. The data analysis component of this study consists of two parts: an energy trend analysis and a multivariate regression analysis. The energy trend analysis offers a broad view of energy variations against seven energy-related parameters: energy cost, campus-wide consumption, mean external temperature, heating degree days, cooling degree days, total degree days and daylight hours. The multivariate…

Subjects/Keywords: energy efficiency; retrofit; university buildings

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APA (6^th Edition):

Liu, M. Z. (2016). Energy efficiency retrofits of tertiary education buildings: An investigation of case studies in New South Wales . (Thesis). University of Sydney. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16336

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Liu, Margaret Ze-Yu. “Energy efficiency retrofits of tertiary education buildings: An investigation of case studies in New South Wales .” 2016. Thesis, University of Sydney. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16336.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Liu, Margaret Ze-Yu. “Energy efficiency retrofits of tertiary education buildings: An investigation of case studies in New South Wales .” 2016. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Liu MZ. Energy efficiency retrofits of tertiary education buildings: An investigation of case studies in New South Wales . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Sydney; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16336.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Liu MZ. Energy efficiency retrofits of tertiary education buildings: An investigation of case studies in New South Wales . [Thesis]. University of Sydney; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16336

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Toledo

14. Brighton, David Andrew. Finite Element Analysis of an Intentionally Damaged Prestressed Reinforced Concrete Beam Repaired with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers.

Degree: MSin Civil Engineering, Civil Engineering, 2011, University of Toledo

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1305226417

► Many of the existing bridges are in need of repair and strengthening due to various reasons including design flaws, fatigue and deterioration of steel reinforcement,… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Civil Engineering; FRP; retrofit; FEM

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APA (6^th Edition):

Brighton, D. A. (2011). Finite Element Analysis of an Intentionally Damaged Prestressed Reinforced Concrete Beam Repaired with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers. (Masters Thesis). University of Toledo. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1305226417

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Brighton, David Andrew. “Finite Element Analysis of an Intentionally Damaged Prestressed Reinforced Concrete Beam Repaired with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Toledo. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1305226417.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Brighton, David Andrew. “Finite Element Analysis of an Intentionally Damaged Prestressed Reinforced Concrete Beam Repaired with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers.” 2011. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Brighton DA. Finite Element Analysis of an Intentionally Damaged Prestressed Reinforced Concrete Beam Repaired with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Toledo; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1305226417.

Council of Science Editors:

Brighton DA. Finite Element Analysis of an Intentionally Damaged Prestressed Reinforced Concrete Beam Repaired with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers. [Masters Thesis]. University of Toledo; 2011. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1305226417

15. Laganakou, Georgia. What feasible macro-scale interventions could stimulate a sustainable growth in the UK housing retrofit industry? : an examination of the potential impact from supply-chain innovations on low energy retrofit of pre-1919 housing.

Degree: PhD, 2020, University of Northampton

URL: https://pure.northampton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/ab0143cd-feea-4876-bd25-64ff8edb36f6 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.813100

► Understanding the context for encouraging new retrofit practices to be applied to domestic housing in the UK is of crucial importance to any consideration of… (more)

▼ Understanding the context for encouraging new retrofit practices to be applied to domestic housing in the UK is of crucial importance to any consideration of what could impact on energy reduction and domestic housing costs within the wider UK housing market. The thesis reviews attempts made to stimulate the retrofit market and the struggle of the industry to keep up with the stop/start UK legislation and changes of funding mechanisms on energy reduction policies. It then focuses on the influence of voluntary standards such as Passive House and its Whole-House retrofit standard, EnerPHit along with current innovations incorporating offsite mechanisms in their retrofit delivery. Considering lessons learned from previous attempts, the thesis examines what outcomes these relatively recent approaches could have within the UK housing retrofit “evolution” and specifically when applied on the most challenging of the UK’s housing stock of the pre-1919 typologies. Wide research has been done on either housing retrofit or offsite construction in new-build but due to the relatively recent implementation of offsite in retrofit a research gap was identified considering their future applicability in the UK’s older stock and by extension on the retrofit market and regulation. With a socio-technical methodology approach incorporating energy and cost modelling along with the uptake of a survey focusing on the construction industry’s representatives, the thesis examined the feasible complexities and opportunities of these approaches on pre-1919 typologies through the prism of regulation, technical complications, financial opportunities and social barriers and incentives. The findings from this research showed that there is a variety of advantages and disadvantages in adopting deep retrofit with offsite mechanisms that stretch beyond straightforward energy and cost reductions and are dependable on typology, location and offsite measure applied. Equally important the research contributed on identifying how these mechanisms could respond to the emerging regulations on quality control for retrofit delivery and provides an insight on of the policy and practical implications in the adoption of such measures.

Subjects/Keywords: low energy; housing; retrofit

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APA (6^th Edition):

Laganakou, G. (2020). What feasible macro-scale interventions could stimulate a sustainable growth in the UK housing retrofit industry? : an examination of the potential impact from supply-chain innovations on low energy retrofit of pre-1919 housing. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Northampton. Retrieved from https://pure.northampton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/ab0143cd-feea-4876-bd25-64ff8edb36f6 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.813100

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Laganakou, Georgia. “What feasible macro-scale interventions could stimulate a sustainable growth in the UK housing retrofit industry? : an examination of the potential impact from supply-chain innovations on low energy retrofit of pre-1919 housing.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Northampton. Accessed January 26, 2021. https://pure.northampton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/ab0143cd-feea-4876-bd25-64ff8edb36f6 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.813100.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Laganakou, Georgia. “What feasible macro-scale interventions could stimulate a sustainable growth in the UK housing retrofit industry? : an examination of the potential impact from supply-chain innovations on low energy retrofit of pre-1919 housing.” 2020. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Laganakou G. What feasible macro-scale interventions could stimulate a sustainable growth in the UK housing retrofit industry? : an examination of the potential impact from supply-chain innovations on low energy retrofit of pre-1919 housing. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Northampton; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: https://pure.northampton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/ab0143cd-feea-4876-bd25-64ff8edb36f6 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.813100.

Council of Science Editors:

Laganakou G. What feasible macro-scale interventions could stimulate a sustainable growth in the UK housing retrofit industry? : an examination of the potential impact from supply-chain innovations on low energy retrofit of pre-1919 housing. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Northampton; 2020. Available from: https://pure.northampton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/ab0143cd-feea-4876-bd25-64ff8edb36f6 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.813100

Delft University of Technology

16. Panteli, Katerina (author). Residential Energy Transition of Amsterdam Nieuw West neighbourhoods.

Degree: 2017, Delft University of Technology

URL: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8eaa0ed5-6ce5-488a-ae6c-2dc2885859d7

► The starting point of this research is the urgent need for reducing the current energy consumption and CO2 emissions, that is vital to mitigate climate… (more)

▼ The starting point of this research is the urgent need for reducing the current energy consumption and CO2 emissions, that is vital to mitigate climate change and the limitation of energy sources. This target can be achieved by creating more sustainable cities, since nowadays, the built environment, of which residential buildings occupy the largest part, consumes huge amounts of energy worldwide, and have a major impact on CO2 emissions. Based on the vision of City-Zen project of creating fully sustainable and energy (carbon) neutral smart cities, and the European commission’s goal of reducing carbon emissions by 80-95% by 2050, the need for innovative solutions regarding energy efficient residential retrofitting is growing. At the same time, different and complex methods to define sustainable measures, actions and interventions are used. The current research, aims to contribute at the City-Zen project for creating a structured energy urban planning approach, by answering the following question: Which is the methodology leading to the design of a roadmap that helps to define which energy systems and retrofit measures should be applied where and when, on residential neighbourhoods of Amsterdam Nieuw West until 2050, for achieving their energy transition and CO2 emissions reduction? The answer to the research question is given by developing an energy urban planning 4-step methodology, and by formulating a catalogue of energy and retrofit measures for the building, neighbourhood and district scale. The four steps are defined as the 1) mapping the present, 2) the definition of the future energy targets, 3) the development of the strategy for selecting the suitable energy systems, and eventually 4) the design of the energy transition roadmap for selected neighbourhoods inside Amsterdam Nieuw West district. This methodology is required to be followed step by step, applying the first three steps initially on the city scale for the sake of creating a smooth transition of the steps implementation process from city scale to neighbourhood scale. Furthermore, the same steps are applied on neighbourhood scale with minor changes, to get to the final step which is the roadmap design, comprised of 3 sub-steps. First of all, the roadmap suggests the selection of suitable energy systems for 2050 for each one of the selected neighbourhoods. The selections are based on several variables retrieved by literature review. These variables lead to solutions for smaller clusters of dwellings consisting the neighbourhoods, formulated by similar construction characteristics and ownership status. Secondly, description templates are provided, one for each energy system, listing the used energy retrofit measures in steps, and quantifying the changes in heat demand and in CO2 emissions according to each step. Finally, the collected retrofit solutions from the first two sub-steps are used in the final sub-step of defining the interventions on timeline. The changes in heat demand are visualised on 3-dimensional… Advisors/Committee Members: Broersma, Siebe (mentor), Konstantinou, Thaleia (graduation committee), Delft University of Technology (degree granting institution).

Subjects/Keywords: retrofit; residential; energy systems

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Panteli, K. (. (2017). Residential Energy Transition of Amsterdam Nieuw West neighbourhoods. (Masters Thesis). Delft University of Technology. Retrieved from http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8eaa0ed5-6ce5-488a-ae6c-2dc2885859d7

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Panteli, Katerina (author). “Residential Energy Transition of Amsterdam Nieuw West neighbourhoods.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Delft University of Technology. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8eaa0ed5-6ce5-488a-ae6c-2dc2885859d7.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Panteli, Katerina (author). “Residential Energy Transition of Amsterdam Nieuw West neighbourhoods.” 2017. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Panteli K(. Residential Energy Transition of Amsterdam Nieuw West neighbourhoods. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8eaa0ed5-6ce5-488a-ae6c-2dc2885859d7.

Council of Science Editors:

Panteli K(. Residential Energy Transition of Amsterdam Nieuw West neighbourhoods. [Masters Thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2017. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8eaa0ed5-6ce5-488a-ae6c-2dc2885859d7

University of Manchester

17. Xu, Kexin. Design and optimization of plate heat exchanger networks.

Degree: 2020, University of Manchester

URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:325262

► With the growth of energy consumption and the increase of greenhouse gas emissions, it is important to improve heat transfer efficiency and save energy. One… (more)

▼ With the growth of energy consumption and the increase of greenhouse gas emissions, it is important to improve heat transfer efficiency and save energy. One of the most effective ways is to consider use of heat transfer enhancement for increasing heat recovery. Plate heat exchangers, which allow a small minimum temperature approach, are widely used in the energy-intensive process industries to enhance heat transfer coefficient. A major limitation of applying plate heat exchanges is the lack of reliable design methods to quantify the energy saving effectively. The key objective is to develop a novel method for a single plate heat exchanger design and integrate the plate heat exchangers into conventional heat exchanger network retrofits. A new computer-aided design of two-stream multi-pass plate heat exchangers is proposed, including gasket plate heat exchangers and welded plate heat exchangers, with different plate geometries. To account for multi-pass flow arrangements, the plate heat exchanger is separated into several pure counter-current or co-current one-pass blocks. The correlations of inlet and outlet temperatures of different blocks are obtained in order to apply the logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD) method for thermal design in each single-pass block with known temperatures. The selection of the number of passes for streams, plate geometries and plate patterns are considered as integer variables to optimize the total area of plate heat exchanger. An MINLP model is developed in GAMS using ANTIGONE solver in order to derive the optimal solution. A case study is used to demonstrate the capability of proposed method to obtain the optimal solution with required heat load and constraints. The proposed design model can also be further applied to the complex heat exchanger network design. Application of plate heat exchangers into the heat exchanger networks (HENs) retrofit increases the heat recovery due to their small minimum approach temperature. However, the installation cost of plate heat exchangers is relatively high. Thus, the optimization process is based on the trade-off between energy reduction and capital cost. For a fixed structure HEN, the heat recovery is limited. Structure modifications have the possibility of providing more energy saving but bring more cost at the same time. A decision on the best retrofit strategy to apply to a given HEN depends on the given retrofit objective. This thesis presents a methodology for the application of plate heat exchanger in HENs, both with fixed structure and with structure modification. The key point is to find the most beneficial location to apply plate heat exchangers and develop an algorithm to automatically identify the best modifications. The objective of the optimization process of HENs retrofit is to minimize the energy consumption and maximise the retrofit profit at the same time. Case studies highlight the benefits of the new approach. The results are compared with conventional technologies to provide the insight on the potential benefit of… Advisors/Committee Members: ZHANG, NAN N, Smith, Robin, Zhang, Nan.

Subjects/Keywords: optimization; plate heat exchanger; retrofit

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APA (6^th Edition):

Xu, K. (2020). Design and optimization of plate heat exchanger networks. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:325262

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Xu, Kexin. “Design and optimization of plate heat exchanger networks.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:325262.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Xu, Kexin. “Design and optimization of plate heat exchanger networks.” 2020. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Xu K. Design and optimization of plate heat exchanger networks. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:325262.

Council of Science Editors:

Xu K. Design and optimization of plate heat exchanger networks. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2020. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:325262

18. Perez, Marcello Melo. Reabilitação de edifícios em cidades luso brasileiras.

Degree: 2016, Instituto Politécnico do Porto

URL: https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:recipp.ipp.pt:10400.22/10532

►

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar e interpretar técnicas construtivas buscando suas aplicações em Porto, Portugal, e São Paulo, Brasil, necessários para garantir conforto ambiental… (more)

▼

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar e interpretar técnicas construtivas buscando suas aplicações em Porto, Portugal, e São Paulo, Brasil, necessários para garantir conforto ambiental para os usuários. A partir de uma revisão da literatura evidencia-se como a verticalização em ambas as cidades se iniciou, a necessidade de se reabilitar uma construção e como o retrofit é um dos pontos principais quando se procura repovoar os centros urbanos. No intuito de trazer de volta as classes mais abastadas para o centro dessas cidades, a reabilitação, focada no conforto ambiental, aparece de forma vital para voltar a atenção dessas classes a esse ambiente urbano. São apresentados alguns métodos construtivos para garantir o conforto funcional, térmico, acústico e luminoso das edificações, a fim de compará-los com os métodos utilizados nas reabilitações do Edifício Mackenzie, em São Paulo, e do Edifício da Rua dos Mercadores, na cidade do Porto, contemplados nos estudos de casos. O trabalho também aborda um pouco da história de cada edificação, apresentado o que foi realizado em cada uma das obras, a fim de garantir o conforto pós-ocupacional.

The objective of this study is to analyze and interpret construction tecnics and there aplications in Porto, Portugal, and Sao Paulo, Brazil needed to ensure environmental comfort for users. From a review of the literature is evident as the vertical integration in both cities began the need to rehabilitate a building and as the retrofit is one of the main points when looking repopulate urban centers. In order to bring back the upper classes to the center of these cities, rehabilitation, focused on environmental comfort, it appears vitally to turn the attention of these classes to this urban environment. Are some constructive methods to ensure the functional comfort, thermal, acoustic and light the buildings in order to compare them with the methods used in the Mackenzie building rehabilitations, in São Paulo, and Merchant Street building in the city of Porto, included in the case studies. The work also addresses some of the history of each building, presented what was done in each of the works in order to ensure postoccupational comfort.

Advisors/Committee Members: Campeão, José Carlos Rodrigues.

Subjects/Keywords: Retrofit; Reabilitação; Conforto ambiental; Retrofit; Rehabilitation; Comfort environmental; Construções

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APA (6^th Edition):

Perez, M. M. (2016). Reabilitação de edifícios em cidades luso brasileiras. (Thesis). Instituto Politécnico do Porto. Retrieved from https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:recipp.ipp.pt:10400.22/10532

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Perez, Marcello Melo. “Reabilitação de edifícios em cidades luso brasileiras.” 2016. Thesis, Instituto Politécnico do Porto. Accessed January 26, 2021. https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:recipp.ipp.pt:10400.22/10532.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Perez, Marcello Melo. “Reabilitação de edifícios em cidades luso brasileiras.” 2016. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Perez MM. Reabilitação de edifícios em cidades luso brasileiras. [Internet] [Thesis]. Instituto Politécnico do Porto; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:recipp.ipp.pt:10400.22/10532.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Perez MM. Reabilitação de edifícios em cidades luso brasileiras. [Thesis]. Instituto Politécnico do Porto; 2016. Available from: https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:recipp.ipp.pt:10400.22/10532

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria

19. Fernanda Peron Gaspary. O RETROFIT SUSTENTÁVEL COMO UMA ESTRATÉGIA PARA A REABILITAÇÃO CONSCIENTE DO PATRIMÔNIO CULTURAL ARQUITETÔNICO.

Degree: 2012, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria

URL: http://coralx.ufsm.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4679

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This dissertation constitute a reflection on the sustainable Retrofit as a conscious strategy to rehabilitate the architectural cultural heritage. In this context, the concept of… (more)

▼

This dissertation constitute a reflection on the sustainable Retrofit as a conscious strategy to rehabilitate the architectural cultural heritage. In this context, the concept of Retrofit is explored and associated with various dimensions of sustainable development. This research also reviewed aspects relating to diversities and similarities between models of interventions. The methodology accommodated bibliographic search, consultation on regulatory agencies of brazilian constructions, theoretical-historical survey and direct observation on case study of a building of historic heritage, the Museu do Pão, located at the top of the Vale do Taquari, RS. In this case study, the Retrofit was analyzed from Brazilian Association of Technical Standards to a broader perspective on research. The results seems to evidence that are other sustainable development variables were detected after the Retrofit in addition to the environmental dimension. These dimensions are the cultural, social, and economic. These results may help explain the emphasis term s sustainable Retrofit on architectural cultural heritage.

Esta dissertação constitui-se em uma reflexão a respeito do Retrofit sustentável como uma estratégia consciente para reabilitar o patrimônio cultural arquitetônico. Neste sentido, o conceito de Retrofit é explorado e associado com as várias dimensões do desenvolvimento sustentável. Esta pequisa também revisou aspectos relacionados às diversidades e às adjacências entre modelos de intervenções. A metodologia adotou pesquisa bibliográfica, consulta em normativas, levantamento teórico-histórico e observação dirigida no estudo de caso de uma edificação do patrimônio histórico, o Museu do Pão, localizado no Alto do Vale do Taquari, RS. Nesse estudo, o Retrofit foi analisado a partir de uma perspectiva mais abrangente do que a proposta pela Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas. Os resultados parecem evidenciar que outras variáveis do desenvolvimento sustentável foram detectadas após o Retrofit além da dimensão ambiental. Essas dimensões são a cultural, a social e a econômica. Esses resultados podem ajudar a explicar a ênfase no termo Retrofit sustentável em patrimônios culturais arquitetônicos.

Advisors/Committee Members: Denise de Souza Saad, Caryl Eduardo Jovanovich Lopes, Giane de Campos Grigoletti.

Subjects/Keywords: sustainable development; retrofit; heritage; patrimônio; desenvolvimento sustentável; retrofit; HISTORIA

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Gaspary, F. P. (2012). O RETROFIT SUSTENTÁVEL COMO UMA ESTRATÉGIA PARA A REABILITAÇÃO CONSCIENTE DO PATRIMÔNIO CULTURAL ARQUITETÔNICO. (Thesis). Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Retrieved from http://coralx.ufsm.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4679

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gaspary, Fernanda Peron. “O RETROFIT SUSTENTÁVEL COMO UMA ESTRATÉGIA PARA A REABILITAÇÃO CONSCIENTE DO PATRIMÔNIO CULTURAL ARQUITETÔNICO.” 2012. Thesis, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://coralx.ufsm.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4679.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gaspary, Fernanda Peron. “O RETROFIT SUSTENTÁVEL COMO UMA ESTRATÉGIA PARA A REABILITAÇÃO CONSCIENTE DO PATRIMÔNIO CULTURAL ARQUITETÔNICO.” 2012. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Gaspary FP. O RETROFIT SUSTENTÁVEL COMO UMA ESTRATÉGIA PARA A REABILITAÇÃO CONSCIENTE DO PATRIMÔNIO CULTURAL ARQUITETÔNICO. [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://coralx.ufsm.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4679.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Gaspary FP. O RETROFIT SUSTENTÁVEL COMO UMA ESTRATÉGIA PARA A REABILITAÇÃO CONSCIENTE DO PATRIMÔNIO CULTURAL ARQUITETÔNICO. [Thesis]. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; 2012. Available from: http://coralx.ufsm.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4679

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Manchester

20. Enriquez Gutierrez, Victor Manuel. Optimisation-based retrofit of heat-integrated distillation systems.

Degree: 2016, University of Manchester

URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:301069

► Distillation systems consist of one or more distillation columns, in which a mixture is separated into higher-value products, and a heat exchanger network (HEN) that… (more)

▼ Distillation systems consist of one or more distillation columns, in which a mixture is separated into higher-value products, and a heat exchanger network (HEN) that recovers and reuses heat within the system. For example, crude oil distillation systems comprise crude oil distillation units (CDU), in which crude oil is distilled into products for downstream processing, a HEN and a furnace. Heat-integrated distillation systems present complex interactions between the distillation columns and HEN. These interactions, together with the many degrees of freedom and process constraints, make it challenging to retrofit or modify the operating conditions of existing distillation processes to accommodate changes in process operating conditions.Retrofit designs aim to re-use existing equipment when process objectives change, for example to increase throughput, improve product quality, or reduce energy consumption or environmental impact. To achieve these retrofit objectives, operational, structural and/or flowsheet modifications to the overall system (distillation columns and HEN) may be considered, subject to specifications and system constraints. This work proposes an optimisation-based approach to retrofit design for the capacity expansion of heat-integrated distillation systems, with a particular focus on crude oil distillation systems. Existing retrofit approaches found in the open research literature consider operational optimisation, replacing column internals, adding preflash or prefractionation units and HEN retrofit to increase the capacity of existing systems. Constraints considered usually relate to the distillation column hydraulic limits, product quality specifications and heat exchanger performance (e.g. minimum temperature approach and, pressure drop). However, no existing methodologies consider these possible modifications simultaneously; thus, beneficial interactions between flowsheet modifications, operational changes, heat integration and equipment modifications may be missed.In this work, retrofit design solutions for crude oil distillation are developed using a stochastic optimisation framework implemented in MATLAB to optimise the system operating parameters and to propose flowsheet, column and HEN modifications. Within the framework, the optimiser can propose addition of a preflash unit, modifications to the CDU internals and changes to its operating conditions; the separation system is then simulated using Aspen HYSYS (via the MATLAB interface) and the hydraulic performance of the column is analysed using published hydraulic correlations. The optimiser also proposes modifications to the HEN (i.e. installed heat transfer area, HEN structure and operating conditions), which is then simulated to evaluate heating and cooling utility demand. Either simulated annealing and global search optimisation algorithms are applied to identify the optimal design and operating conditions that meet the production requirements and product specifications. Industrially relevant case studies demonstrate the effectiveness… Advisors/Committee Members: JOBSON, MEGAN MR, Jobson, Megan, Smith, Robin.

Subjects/Keywords: Crude oil distillation retrofit; HEN retrofit; Distillation column hydraulics; Stochastic optimisation

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Enriquez Gutierrez, V. M. (2016). Optimisation-based retrofit of heat-integrated distillation systems. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:301069

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Enriquez Gutierrez, Victor Manuel. “Optimisation-based retrofit of heat-integrated distillation systems.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:301069.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Enriquez Gutierrez, Victor Manuel. “Optimisation-based retrofit of heat-integrated distillation systems.” 2016. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Enriquez Gutierrez VM. Optimisation-based retrofit of heat-integrated distillation systems. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:301069.

Council of Science Editors:

Enriquez Gutierrez VM. Optimisation-based retrofit of heat-integrated distillation systems. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2016. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:301069

McMaster University

21. Crowder, Adrian. Investigating Substructure Flexibility in Column-Top Isolation Systems with Elastomeric Bearings.

Degree: MASc, 2016, McMaster University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/19940

►

Seismic isolation is a method of earthquake resistant design which has been proven to effectively reduce the damaging effects of earthquakes on buildings as well… (more)

▼

Seismic isolation is a method of earthquake resistant design which has been proven to effectively reduce the damaging effects of earthquakes on buildings as well as the contents within them. However, traditional implementation of an isolation system tends to be expensive. For new construction, rigid diaphragms above and below the isolation layer and construction of a seismic gap contribute to expenses, while retrofit applications also require excavation beneath the building and may need extensive foundation work. To mitigate these major costs bearings may be placed on the tops of columns, forgoing the construction of a seismic gap, additional rigid diaphragm, and foundation work. However, columns under the isolation layer may be flexible, changing the bearing end conditions traditionally assumed. To investigate the effects of flexible end conditions on elastomeric bearings, an analytical model that accounts for translation and rotation of both endplates was developed based on Haringx's theory. The derivation accounts for compressibility of the rubber and results in a simple stiffness matrix. To evaluate the model, an experimental program testing column-bearing subassemblies under quasi-static cyclic conditions was conducted. Experimental findings show that flexible end conditions can significantly reduce the lateral stiffness of elastomeric bearings. Simulations with the theoretical model compare well under small deformations, but elastic softening of the moment-rotation relationship causes theoretical results to diverge from experimental with larger endplate rotations. The effectiveness of column-top isolation as a retrofit strategy was investigated through nonlinear time history analyses of a moment resisting frame designed to the 1965 National Building Code of Canada and retrofitted with column-top isolation. The frame was simulated under ground motions representative of current hazards and showed that the retrofit resulted in significant reductions in interstory drifts and floor accelerations. Yielding was observed throughout the original frame under maximum considered earthquakes, while the retrofit frame remained elastic.

Thesis

Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Advisors/Committee Members: Becker, Tracy, Civil Engineering.

Subjects/Keywords: isolation; retrofit; rotation; substructure; flexibility; elastomeric

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Crowder, A. (2016). Investigating Substructure Flexibility in Column-Top Isolation Systems with Elastomeric Bearings. (Masters Thesis). McMaster University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11375/19940

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Crowder, Adrian. “Investigating Substructure Flexibility in Column-Top Isolation Systems with Elastomeric Bearings.” 2016. Masters Thesis, McMaster University. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11375/19940.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Crowder, Adrian. “Investigating Substructure Flexibility in Column-Top Isolation Systems with Elastomeric Bearings.” 2016. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Crowder A. Investigating Substructure Flexibility in Column-Top Isolation Systems with Elastomeric Bearings. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. McMaster University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/19940.

Council of Science Editors:

Crowder A. Investigating Substructure Flexibility in Column-Top Isolation Systems with Elastomeric Bearings. [Masters Thesis]. McMaster University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/19940

Penn State University

22. Safari, Mahsa. A REGENERATIVE APPROACH TO DEVELOPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDING ENERGY RETROFIT PROJECTS.

Degree: 2019, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16086mbs5586

► The retrofit of buildings to improve energy performance represents a vast opportunity in the construction market with the potential to create jobs, reduce energy demand,… (more)

▼ The retrofit of buildings to improve energy performance represents a vast opportunity in the construction market with the potential to create jobs, reduce energy demand, and achieve environmental benefits. Multiple challenges need to be overcome to unleash this potential and realize the benefits of investments in improving building energy performance. While large facilities often have easily predictable energy saving potential at scales that are attractive to the financial industry, they are often pursued in a manner that achieves only “low hanging fruit” for short term economic return. As a consequence, they often fall short of their potential to be pursued as a long term solution. Small sized buildings face even more challenges often related to the lack of the owners’ abilities to manage and finance energy efficiency improvements. The goal of this research is to develop a framework that supports the continuous improvement of processes involved in developing energy retrofit projects for small sized commercial buildings. The concept of regenerative thinking guided the investigation of value creation and exchange in networks of the stakeholders of a given energy retrofit. Characterization of investment risk in the value adding processes enables more informed investment decisions required to bring a retrofit project to optimal fruition. This enables the identification of high-risk investments during the process that can be elevated as key decisions to prove the investment risks are proportionate to the value being offered. The reduction of project development costs and risks can then contribute to a market-driven expansion of these project and the resulting economic, ecological, and social system effects. In addition, process improvement interventions can be designed and evaluated by their potential and actual effects in lowering the capital investment required to pursue retrofit projects. Key elements of this framework are developed through case studies, focus groups, and interviews. In conclusion, research results examining the value of the framework in improving the business development process for small commercial building energy retrofit projects are presented. Advisors/Committee Members: David R Riley II, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, David R Riley II, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Somayeh Asadi, Committee Member, James Freihaut, Committee Member, Rachel Alice Brennan, Outside Member.

Subjects/Keywords: Energy Retrofit; Project Delivery Method; Regenerative Design

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Safari, M. (2019). A REGENERATIVE APPROACH TO DEVELOPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDING ENERGY RETROFIT PROJECTS. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16086mbs5586

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Safari, Mahsa. “A REGENERATIVE APPROACH TO DEVELOPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDING ENERGY RETROFIT PROJECTS.” 2019. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed January 26, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16086mbs5586.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Safari, Mahsa. “A REGENERATIVE APPROACH TO DEVELOPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDING ENERGY RETROFIT PROJECTS.” 2019. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Safari M. A REGENERATIVE APPROACH TO DEVELOPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDING ENERGY RETROFIT PROJECTS. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16086mbs5586.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Safari M. A REGENERATIVE APPROACH TO DEVELOPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDING ENERGY RETROFIT PROJECTS. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2019. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/16086mbs5586

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

23. Ariosto, Timothy M. Evaluation of the Energy Performance of Glazing Systems and Fenestration Retrofit Solutions.

Degree: 2013, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/19875

► The 2011 Building Energy Databook (DOE, 2011) reported that buildings use approximately 40% of the nation’s total energy use. Residential buildings use 54% of this… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: fenestration; energy efficiency; building retrofit measures

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ariosto, T. M. (2013). Evaluation of the Energy Performance of Glazing Systems and Fenestration Retrofit Solutions. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/19875

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ariosto, Timothy M. “Evaluation of the Energy Performance of Glazing Systems and Fenestration Retrofit Solutions.” 2013. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed January 26, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/19875.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ariosto, Timothy M. “Evaluation of the Energy Performance of Glazing Systems and Fenestration Retrofit Solutions.” 2013. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Ariosto TM. Evaluation of the Energy Performance of Glazing Systems and Fenestration Retrofit Solutions. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/19875.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ariosto TM. Evaluation of the Energy Performance of Glazing Systems and Fenestration Retrofit Solutions. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2013. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/19875

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Manchester

24. Moore, Alastair William. Middle Matters: Intermediaries and the practice of home energy retrofit.

Degree: 2018, University of Manchester

URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:317795

► Mitigating climate change requires accelerated upgrades to the energy efficiency of entire housing stocks. Designed to shift homeowner behaviours through dissemination of gadgets like LEDs… (more)

▼ Mitigating climate change requires accelerated upgrades to the energy efficiency of entire housing stocks. Designed to shift homeowner behaviours through dissemination of gadgets like LEDs and solar panels, overly techno-economic public policy approaches have failed to engage with the complex socio-technical landscape within which home energy retrofits take place. Moreover, they have helped create spaces where meanings and values regarding climate change and housing energy efficiency remain fluid and uncertain. As a result, confusion reigns and retrofit targets continue to be missed. This thesis challenges traditional home energy retrofit framings by actively engaging with the daily practices and relations of a complex network of building trades people, energy advisors, designers, consultants and NGOs. The research re-orients home retrofits as an essentially social phenomenon, materially influenced by the tacit know-how, understandings, skills, motivations and materialities of these networked intermediary actors who operate along a complex policy chain between the governed household and governing public institutions. The study proposes that retrofit intermediaries are materially implicated in the evolution of a new home energy retrofit practice, distinct from other practices related to the built environment, not only via their discrete technical products and services, but also via influential intermediation processes of interpretation, translation and negotiation that occur between the often times opposing interests of the homeowner and the policy-maker. Vancouver, Canada, a city with a strong green building ethic, serves as an ideal critical case. Applying a theoretical framework grounded in social practices and intermediary dynamics, this thesis focuses on the daily and mundane practices and relations among retrofit intermediaries. The work contributes to a fuller understanding of how intermediaries knowingly (and unknowingly) work to make sense of fuzzy concepts related to climate change, energy efficiency, and the home, and how in doing so, they can contribute to the construction and conveyance of powerful normative understandings of what these mean for society. It concludes that the taken-for-granted practices of retrofit intermediaries provide a useful unit of study for those interested in reducing emissions from existing homes. Advisors/Committee Members: PETROVA, SASKA S, Bouzarovski, Stefan, Petrova, Saska.

Subjects/Keywords: Social practice; intermediaries; home energy retrofit

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Moore, A. W. (2018). Middle Matters: Intermediaries and the practice of home energy retrofit. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:317795

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Moore, Alastair William. “Middle Matters: Intermediaries and the practice of home energy retrofit.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:317795.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Moore, Alastair William. “Middle Matters: Intermediaries and the practice of home energy retrofit.” 2018. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Moore AW. Middle Matters: Intermediaries and the practice of home energy retrofit. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:317795.

Council of Science Editors:

Moore AW. Middle Matters: Intermediaries and the practice of home energy retrofit. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2018. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:317795

University of Ottawa

25. Lloyd, Alan Eric Walker. Blast Retrofit of Reinforced Concrete Columns .

Degree: 2015, University of Ottawa

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32389

► Explosives place large demands on the lateral load carrying capacity of structures. If these loads are applied on columns, the high pressure transient loads from… (more)

▼ Explosives place large demands on the lateral load carrying capacity of structures. If these loads are applied on columns, the high pressure transient loads from explosives can result in significant damage to the primary gravity load carrying elements. The loss of these elements, which are responsible from overall strength and stability of the structure, may cause collapse of all or parts of the structure. Therefore, it is important to mitigate the blast loads effects on columns. A comprehensive research study into the design, application, and use of different retrofit systems to mitigate damage to columns under blast loads has been undertaken. This research program, consisting of experimental testing and analytical investigation, sought out retrofits that address the strength of columns as well as those that enhance ductility are explored. Different materials and resistance mechanisms are used to increase column capacity. An experimental testing program was conducted using a shock tube to test the capacity of columns under blast loads. For this program, a total of sixteen reinforced concrete columns were constructed and the data from a further two columns from a previous study was compiled. Of these columns, a total of thirteen were retrofitted to mitigate the effects of blast. Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) was applied to eight of the columns in the form of jacketing, longitudinal reinforcement, or the combination of the two. The other retrofits included steel prestressed confinement applied to one column, steel bracing acting as compression members applied to one column, and steel bracing acting as tension members applied to three columns. The columns were tested under incrementally increasing shock tube induced shock wave loading up to failure of the specimen or capacity of the shock tube. The performance of the retrofitted columns was compared with the control columns and against other retrofits. Quantitative comparisons of displacements and strains were made along with qualitative assessments of damage. The results indicated that all the retrofits increased capacity to the column, however, certain retrofits out performed others. The best FRP retrofit technique was found to be the combination of longitudinal and transverse FRP. The prestressed steel jacketing proved to be effective at increasing ductility capacity of the column. The compression brace retrofit was found to be effective in significantly increasing capacity of the column. The tension brace retrofits had the best performance over all the retrofits including the compression brace retrofit. The experimental data was used to validate analysis techniques to model the behaviour of the specimens. This technique reduced the columns to an equivalent single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system for dynamic analysis purposes. The reduction to the SDOF system was achieved by computing a resistance to lateral load and lateral displacement relationship. Each retrofit was carefully considered in this analysis including the retrofit’s possible effect on material…

Subjects/Keywords: Blast; Explosive; Column; Reinforced concrete; Retrofit

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Lloyd, A. E. W. (2015). Blast Retrofit of Reinforced Concrete Columns . (Thesis). University of Ottawa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32389

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lloyd, Alan Eric Walker. “Blast Retrofit of Reinforced Concrete Columns .” 2015. Thesis, University of Ottawa. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32389.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lloyd, Alan Eric Walker. “Blast Retrofit of Reinforced Concrete Columns .” 2015. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Lloyd AEW. Blast Retrofit of Reinforced Concrete Columns . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32389.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Lloyd AEW. Blast Retrofit of Reinforced Concrete Columns . [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32389

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Robert Gordon University

26. Paneru, Suraj. Appraisal of energy efficiency retrofit : government incentives and social housing organizations' perspective.

Degree: PhD, 2019, Robert Gordon University

URL: https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/output/346740 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.785720

► From the Scottish Social Housing Organizations' (SHO) perspective there is a major challenge to be addressed - retrofitting their dwelling stock to meet the energy… (more)

▼ From the Scottish Social Housing Organizations' (SHO) perspective there is a major challenge to be addressed - retrofitting their dwelling stock to meet the energy efficiency objectives of the UK and Scottish governments. This is particularly challenging when simultaneously retaining focus on their own priorities such as tenant health and wellbeing, and moreover doing so when there are limited resources and a lack of tailored funding mechanisms to help SHO accomplish all of this. The scope of this thesis is to determine problems and benefit criteria of social housing retrofit, and then identify and assess potential solutions. This research looked at the range of social housing retrofit incentives, the different levels of related policies, and archival data regarding the nature of social housing retrofit activity. The research considered the extent and nature of the problems from the SHO perspective, using interviews and questionnaires with a sample comprising academics, policymakers, directors, and professionals directly involved in social housing retrofit issues. Inductive thematic analysis (ITA) was used to analyze the data from the semi-structured interviews, while the questionnaire was designed and analyzed using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method. The study determined three major problems of the social housing retrofit. Firstly, there is contrast between the government's policy focus and SHO priority for housing retrofit. Secondly, the ownership and control of energy efficiency retrofit is located in different places. Thirdly, there is insufficient participation in the design and delivery of the retrofit measures from the tenants, communities and private construction companies. The research suggested that the way forward would be to address these problems through three approaches. Firstly, by focusing on SHO priorities through localized retrofit incentives, giving the SHO or the local (rather than national) government full control and ownership of the social housing retrofit. Secondly, by exploring areas of collaboration with innovative private sector construction companies. Thirdly, by assuring the participation of tenants and communities at the design, delivery and post-retrofit project stages.

Subjects/Keywords: Energy efficiency; Retrofit projects; Social housing organisations

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Paneru, S. (2019). Appraisal of energy efficiency retrofit : government incentives and social housing organizations' perspective. (Doctoral Dissertation). Robert Gordon University. Retrieved from https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/output/346740 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.785720

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Paneru, Suraj. “Appraisal of energy efficiency retrofit : government incentives and social housing organizations' perspective.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Robert Gordon University. Accessed January 26, 2021. https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/output/346740 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.785720.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Paneru, Suraj. “Appraisal of energy efficiency retrofit : government incentives and social housing organizations' perspective.” 2019. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Paneru S. Appraisal of energy efficiency retrofit : government incentives and social housing organizations' perspective. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Robert Gordon University; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/output/346740 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.785720.

Council of Science Editors:

Paneru S. Appraisal of energy efficiency retrofit : government incentives and social housing organizations' perspective. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Robert Gordon University; 2019. Available from: https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/output/346740 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.785720

University of Manchester

27. Moore, Alastair. Middle matters : intermediaries and the practice of home energy retrofit.

Degree: PhD, 2019, University of Manchester

URL: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/middle-matters-intermediaries-and-the-practice-of-home-energy-retrofit(536ba161-3b5f-4764-873e-5fe73d5fa0b6).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.791233

► Mitigating climate change requires accelerated upgrades to the energy efficiency of entire housing stocks. Designed to shift homeowner behaviours through dissemination of gadgets like LEDs… (more)

▼ Mitigating climate change requires accelerated upgrades to the energy efficiency of entire housing stocks. Designed to shift homeowner behaviours through dissemination of gadgets like LEDs and solar panels, overly techno-economic public policy approaches have failed to engage with the complex socio-technical landscape within which home energy retrofits take place. Moreover, they have helped create spaces where meanings and values regarding climate change and housing energy efficiency remain fluid and uncertain. As a result, confusion reigns and retrofit targets continue to be missed. This thesis challenges traditional home energy retrofit framings by actively engaging with the daily practices and relations of a complex network of building trades people, energy advisors, designers, consultants and NGOs. The research re-orients home retrofits as an essentially social phenomenon, materially influenced by the tacit know-how, understandings, skills, motivations and materialities of these networked intermediary actors who operate along a complex policy chain between the governed household and governing public institutions. The study proposes that retrofit intermediaries are materially implicated in the evolution of a new home energy retrofit practice, distinct from other practices related to the built environment, not only via their discrete technical products and services, but also via influential intermediation processes of interpretation, translation and negotiation that occur between the often times opposing interests of the homeowner and the policy-maker. Vancouver, Canada, a city with a strong green building ethic, serves as an ideal critical case. Applying a theoretical framework grounded in social practices and intermediary dynamics, this thesis focuses on the daily and mundane practices and relations among retrofit intermediaries. The work contributes to a fuller understanding of how intermediaries knowingly (and unknowingly) work to make sense of fuzzy concepts related to climate change, energy efficiency, and the home, and how in doing so, they can contribute to the construction and conveyance of powerful normative understandings of what these mean for society. It concludes that the taken-for-granted practices of retrofit intermediaries provide a useful unit of study for those interested in reducing emissions from existing homes.

Subjects/Keywords: 550; Social practice; intermediaries; home energy retrofit

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Moore, A. (2019). Middle matters : intermediaries and the practice of home energy retrofit. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/middle-matters-intermediaries-and-the-practice-of-home-energy-retrofit(536ba161-3b5f-4764-873e-5fe73d5fa0b6).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.791233

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Moore, Alastair. “Middle matters : intermediaries and the practice of home energy retrofit.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed January 26, 2021. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/middle-matters-intermediaries-and-the-practice-of-home-energy-retrofit(536ba161-3b5f-4764-873e-5fe73d5fa0b6).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.791233.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Moore, Alastair. “Middle matters : intermediaries and the practice of home energy retrofit.” 2019. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Moore A. Middle matters : intermediaries and the practice of home energy retrofit. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/middle-matters-intermediaries-and-the-practice-of-home-energy-retrofit(536ba161-3b5f-4764-873e-5fe73d5fa0b6).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.791233.

Council of Science Editors:

Moore A. Middle matters : intermediaries and the practice of home energy retrofit. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2019. Available from: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/middle-matters-intermediaries-and-the-practice-of-home-energy-retrofit(536ba161-3b5f-4764-873e-5fe73d5fa0b6).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.791233

Delft University of Technology

28. Zhang, Zhenkun (author). Seismic-Retrofit - An open air museum park integrated with brick buildings and new seismic retrofit system.: A more architectural solution to reinforce earthquake damaged masonry buildings and improve the existing architecture quality by using light-weight complementary constructions.

Degree: 2017, Delft University of Technology

URL: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b308813e-72bb-4259-8970-f164c7af4aa0

► The project is the transforming earthquake damaged buildings into new public complexity, integrate separate buildings together, provide more public space, improves existing architecture quality and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Seismic; Retrofit; Folded-Plate; Wood; Complementary

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Zhang, Z. (. (2017). Seismic-Retrofit - An open air museum park integrated with brick buildings and new seismic retrofit system.: A more architectural solution to reinforce earthquake damaged masonry buildings and improve the existing architecture quality by using light-weight complementary constructions. (Masters Thesis). Delft University of Technology. Retrieved from http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b308813e-72bb-4259-8970-f164c7af4aa0

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zhang, Zhenkun (author). “Seismic-Retrofit - An open air museum park integrated with brick buildings and new seismic retrofit system.: A more architectural solution to reinforce earthquake damaged masonry buildings and improve the existing architecture quality by using light-weight complementary constructions.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Delft University of Technology. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b308813e-72bb-4259-8970-f164c7af4aa0.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zhang, Zhenkun (author). “Seismic-Retrofit - An open air museum park integrated with brick buildings and new seismic retrofit system.: A more architectural solution to reinforce earthquake damaged masonry buildings and improve the existing architecture quality by using light-weight complementary constructions.” 2017. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Zhang Z(. Seismic-Retrofit - An open air museum park integrated with brick buildings and new seismic retrofit system.: A more architectural solution to reinforce earthquake damaged masonry buildings and improve the existing architecture quality by using light-weight complementary constructions. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b308813e-72bb-4259-8970-f164c7af4aa0.

Council of Science Editors:

Zhang Z(. Seismic-Retrofit - An open air museum park integrated with brick buildings and new seismic retrofit system.: A more architectural solution to reinforce earthquake damaged masonry buildings and improve the existing architecture quality by using light-weight complementary constructions. [Masters Thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2017. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b308813e-72bb-4259-8970-f164c7af4aa0

Delft University of Technology

29. Assad, A. (author). Towards industrialized Zero Energy retrofit.

Degree: 2016, Delft University of Technology

URL: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:75eea7d8-307f-45fc-92f9-1be3f648c405

►

The goal to achieve the EU mission 20-20-20 through energy neutral buildings is a hot topic in Dutch building industry. Nowadays the focus lies in… (more)

▼

The goal to achieve the EU mission 20-20-20 through energy neutral buildings is a hot topic in Dutch building industry. Nowadays the focus lies in renovating the existing building stock to achieve the EU goal. Besides improving the energy efficiency a couple more issue needs attention. The acceptance of the occupants, the neighborhood and new business models. All these topics has one common related subject: The building industry needs to come with new building envelope solutions to achieve a less disturbance renovation process that fits in new business models. This research is part of consortium called the 2ndSkin. The purpose of this group is to find suitable solutions for the renovation of post war apartments in the Netherlands. The inhabitants are the central requirement. They are seeking for concepts that has minimal disturbance on the inhabitants and neighborhood, with minimal activities on site during and industrialized concept that could be use in a mass-implementation. The design is based on future potential building services, and the design is focusing only on the façade. The research has resulted in an integrated facade module that consist of two designs with existing technology been merged together. A design for the all-electric system mainly for the boiler to fit in the façade module and a façade/window element that carry these building services. This integrated design focus on a prefabrication and assemblage method of an integrated façade element. In order to provide acceleration on the building site and in assemblage process. Thereby disturbance on the inhabitants, on- site costs and transport will be minimalized. The outcome will be a higher safety, efficiency throw production till the assemblage process and potential amount of renovation as zero energy by using an all-electric. Besides that of course the façade element meets the stricter rules regard the energy efficiency.

Building Technology

Architecture and The Built Environment

Advisors/Committee Members: Kostantinou, T. (mentor), Klein, T. (mentor), van den Engel, P. (mentor).

Subjects/Keywords: Refurbishment; Retrofit; Zero Energy; Prefabricated; Heat pump

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Assad, A. (. (2016). Towards industrialized Zero Energy retrofit. (Masters Thesis). Delft University of Technology. Retrieved from http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:75eea7d8-307f-45fc-92f9-1be3f648c405

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Assad, A (author). “Towards industrialized Zero Energy retrofit.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Delft University of Technology. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:75eea7d8-307f-45fc-92f9-1be3f648c405.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Assad, A (author). “Towards industrialized Zero Energy retrofit.” 2016. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Assad A(. Towards industrialized Zero Energy retrofit. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:75eea7d8-307f-45fc-92f9-1be3f648c405.

Council of Science Editors:

Assad A(. Towards industrialized Zero Energy retrofit. [Masters Thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2016. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:75eea7d8-307f-45fc-92f9-1be3f648c405

Victoria University of Wellington

30. Pérez, Alejandra. Residential Retrofit Policy in Chile and New Zealand: an Analysis Based on Energy Efficiency and Co-Benefits.

Degree: 2011, Victoria University of Wellington

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/2057

► Society’s unsustainable patterns of energy consumption mean that residential energy efficiency plays a significant role in building a more sustainable society. This research analyses the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Retrofit policy; Energy; Residential energy efficiency

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Pérez, A. (2011). Residential Retrofit Policy in Chile and New Zealand: an Analysis Based on Energy Efficiency and Co-Benefits. (Masters Thesis). Victoria University of Wellington. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10063/2057

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pérez, Alejandra. “Residential Retrofit Policy in Chile and New Zealand: an Analysis Based on Energy Efficiency and Co-Benefits.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Victoria University of Wellington. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/2057.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pérez, Alejandra. “Residential Retrofit Policy in Chile and New Zealand: an Analysis Based on Energy Efficiency and Co-Benefits.” 2011. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Pérez A. Residential Retrofit Policy in Chile and New Zealand: an Analysis Based on Energy Efficiency and Co-Benefits. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/2057.

Council of Science Editors:

Pérez A. Residential Retrofit Policy in Chile and New Zealand: an Analysis Based on Energy Efficiency and Co-Benefits. [Masters Thesis]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/2057

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