subject:(Reproductive Strategies)

Université de Neuchâtel

1. Rojas Mora, Luis Alfonso. Oxidative stress in sperm competition games: experimental tests of the soma vs. germline allocation trade-off in wild house sparrows "Passer domesticus".

Degree: 2016, Université de Neuchâtel

URL: http://doc.rero.ch/record/309190

► Female promiscuity leads to the situation where ejaculates of two or more males compete for the fertilization of the ova. Therefore, the reproductive success of… (more)

▼ Female promiscuity leads to the situation where ejaculates of two or more males compete for the fertilization of the ova. Therefore, the reproductive success of a male largely depends on its ejaculate quality, and thus sperm competition exerts strong selection into traits that maximize the fertilizing ability of an ejaculate. Theory predicts that males should progressively increase resource investment into the production of high quality ejaculates as they incur in higher costs to obtain a mate. Yet, the resources being strategically allocated between somatic vs. germline functions remained to be uncovered. Sperm cells are highly vulnerable to oxidative stress (OS), which is known to impair male fertility. Thus, males being able to better protect their ejaculates from oxidative damage should produce higher quality ejaculates. In species where social dominance determines access to fertile females, the oxidation-based soma vs. germline trade-off predicts that subordinate males would strategically allocate more antioxidant resources into their germline, and thus far best in ejaculate quality. In contrast, dominant males should prioritize the protection of their soma over their germline, and thus produce more oxidized and lower quality ejaculates. I tested these predictions using wild House Sparrows Passer domesticus, a passerine species where male reproductive behaviors are associated to their social dominance. To approach the oxidation-based soma vs. germline predictions I experimentally (1) manipulated males’ social status, (2) increased the amount of oxidative stress, and (3) induced an immune response. For those experiments, I explored how male phenotype (e.g. badge and/or dominance) would correlate to germline traits (e.g. sperm morphology, swimming ability) and to patterns of antioxidant allocation into sperm. I found evidence that males that better protect their ejaculates from oxidative damage produced better quality ejaculates, and thus dominant males produced more oxidized and less motile ejaculates (Chapter 1). For instance, when males face higher levels of oxidative stress, they produce ejaculates that are more oxidized and swim at lower speeds (Chapter 5). Differences in ejaculate quality were not explained by differences in sperm morphology, yet the correlations between sperm morphological design and function across social ranks suggest that ejaculate quality depends on the energetics of the sperm cell (Chapter 2). Further, dominant males also produced ejaculates that have larger morphological variation, suggesting that they invest fewer resources into controlling their ejaculate production (Chapter 3). Remarkably, I showed that males can adjust their ejaculate quality and sperm morphological variation to rapid changes of their social environment (Chapters 1 and 3), and that changes in ejaculate quality are paralleled by changes in antioxidant allocation into the ejaculate (Chapter 3). Further, we did not find evidence that male secondary traits would reflect male fertility, yet it seems to signal… Advisors/Committee Members: Helfenstein, Fabrice (Dir.).

Subjects/Keywords: reproductive strategies

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APA (6^th Edition):

Rojas Mora, L. A. (2016). Oxidative stress in sperm competition games: experimental tests of the soma vs. germline allocation trade-off in wild house sparrows "Passer domesticus". (Thesis). Université de Neuchâtel. Retrieved from http://doc.rero.ch/record/309190

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rojas Mora, Luis Alfonso. “Oxidative stress in sperm competition games: experimental tests of the soma vs. germline allocation trade-off in wild house sparrows "Passer domesticus".” 2016. Thesis, Université de Neuchâtel. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://doc.rero.ch/record/309190.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rojas Mora, Luis Alfonso. “Oxidative stress in sperm competition games: experimental tests of the soma vs. germline allocation trade-off in wild house sparrows "Passer domesticus".” 2016. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Rojas Mora LA. Oxidative stress in sperm competition games: experimental tests of the soma vs. germline allocation trade-off in wild house sparrows "Passer domesticus". [Internet] [Thesis]. Université de Neuchâtel; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://doc.rero.ch/record/309190.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Rojas Mora LA. Oxidative stress in sperm competition games: experimental tests of the soma vs. germline allocation trade-off in wild house sparrows "Passer domesticus". [Thesis]. Université de Neuchâtel; 2016. Available from: http://doc.rero.ch/record/309190

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Waikato

2. Pepper, Kate Louise. Reproductive investment and strategies of Gobiomorphus cotidianus .

Degree: 2015, University of Waikato

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/9614

► The New Zealand common bully (Gobiomorphus cotidianus) is a member of the family Eleotridae which comprises around 35 genera and some 150 species worldwide. G.… (more)

▼ The New Zealand common bully (Gobiomorphus cotidianus) is a member of the family Eleotridae which comprises around 35 genera and some 150 species worldwide. G. cotidianus are abundant throughout New Zealand and thrive in streams, large rivers and lakes, with broad tolerances for temperature, pH, flow and lake trophic status. It is known that male bullies clean and guard a nest site and attract one or possibly more females to spawn within the nest which is then guarded until the eggs hatch. However, due to intraspecific competition, some males miss out. Male alternative reproductive tactics (MARTs) are commonly used to achieve a successful reproductive outcome when the usual reproductive strategy becomes energetically inefficient for the individual. MART’s are common within the closely related family Gobiidae but have not yet been observed in the Eleotridae. Differential investments in gonadal mass versus parental care are known in many animals from fish to humans. Greater parental investment typically correlates with smaller gonad size. I investigated the relative investment made by male common bully in gonads versus seminal vesicles on the assumption that if non-guarding (parasitic) males occur, they would invest significantly less effort in seminal vesicles (SVs) compared with “bourgeois” (nest guarding) males. I examined these traits monthly to determine possible seasonal changes in reproductive strategies. We found that male investment in SVs does vary significantly between individuals and that the greatest investment in this structure in males coincides with the peak summer breeding season. A small proportion of males (usually larger individuals) invest heavily in SVs but it is currently unknown whether these, and only these, defend nest sites and whether the remainder rely on MART strategies for reproductive success. Seminal vesicle size was positively correlated with fish size whereas testis size declined with increasing size of males. Sampling of common bully from Lake Karapiro began in December 2013 and finished in January 2015 providing fourteen months of data to predominantly investigate male reproductive investment using calculations of gonadosomatic index (GSI) and seminal vesicle somatic index (SVSI). I found that although investment in both gonads and seminal vesicles increase in preparation for the breeding season, the increase in SVSI is considerably greater than the comparatively slight increase in GSI. I also examined female GSI and found that it followed similar trends to that of the SVSI with sharp increases occurring throughout late winter and spring. Calculations of somatic condition indices were made for both males and females throughout the 14 month sampling period. This identified similar condition trends for both sexes with peaks throughout summer suggesting a slight increase in somatic condition post-breeding season. Male condition was slightly higher and more varied during this summer period. A behavioural experiment was carried out to investigate male nest preference and guarding… Advisors/Committee Members: Ling, Nicholas (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Gobiomorphus cotidianus; Reproductive investment; Reproductive strategies; common bully

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APA (6^th Edition):

Pepper, K. L. (2015). Reproductive investment and strategies of Gobiomorphus cotidianus . (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/9614

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pepper, Kate Louise. “Reproductive investment and strategies of Gobiomorphus cotidianus .” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/9614.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pepper, Kate Louise. “Reproductive investment and strategies of Gobiomorphus cotidianus .” 2015. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Pepper KL. Reproductive investment and strategies of Gobiomorphus cotidianus . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/9614.

Council of Science Editors:

Pepper KL. Reproductive investment and strategies of Gobiomorphus cotidianus . [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/9614

Queens University

3. Soon-Shiong, Raquel. Maternal and Paternal Growth Regulatory Factor Expression in Hybrid Sunfish .

Degree: Biology, 2016, Queens University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/14689

► Unidirectional hybridization between bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and pumpkinseed (L. gibbosus) sunfish enables researchers to explore the relative expression of paternal and maternal alleles in hybrids.… (more)

▼ Unidirectional hybridization between bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and pumpkinseed (L. gibbosus) sunfish enables researchers to explore the relative expression of paternal and maternal alleles in hybrids. Past studies have found that the metabolic dysfunction in bluegill-pumpkinseed hybrids may be due to incompatibilities between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. However, the consequences of hybridization on body size and muscle growth have not been examined. This topic is particularly interesting because hybrids grow larger than parentals despite the fact that they are often sired by smaller, precociously mature bluegills. In order to improve our understanding of growth dynamics in hybrid sunfish, I conducted real-time quantitative PCR using species-specific primers on the white muscle tissue of bluegills, pumpkinseeds, and hybrids collected from Lake Opinicon, ON. Five growth factors that have been linked to muscle growth and body size demonstrated similar expression for maternal and paternal alleles. While about half of the hybrids showed the same pattern with myogenin, about half showed very low levels of mRNA for the paternal (bluegill) gene. While this did not explain the heterosis seen in hybrids, it may explain the small body phenotype of the cuckholding bluegill males. I explored the upstream genetic structure of bluegill myogenin and established that four alleles exist within the population. Furthermore, I uncovered a relationship in hybrids between the proximal promoter/ 5’ UTR of myogenin and its transcript level. I found that the hybrids demonstrating low paternal myogenin expression unfailingly possessed A3 or A4 alleles, but future studies will be needed to reveal the molecular links between the genotype and the growth phenotype. A similar genotype-phenotype association was not obvious in parentals, even those that were homozygous for these alleles. Whether this relationship can provide insight into the genetic determinants of bluegill alternative mating strategies has yet to be determined.

Subjects/Keywords: Bluegill ; Alternative Reproductive Strategies ; Growth ; Hybrid ; Growth Regulatory Factors ; Pumpkinseed ; Sunfish

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Soon-Shiong, R. (2016). Maternal and Paternal Growth Regulatory Factor Expression in Hybrid Sunfish . (Thesis). Queens University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1974/14689

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Soon-Shiong, Raquel. “Maternal and Paternal Growth Regulatory Factor Expression in Hybrid Sunfish .” 2016. Thesis, Queens University. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/14689.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Soon-Shiong, Raquel. “Maternal and Paternal Growth Regulatory Factor Expression in Hybrid Sunfish .” 2016. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Soon-Shiong R. Maternal and Paternal Growth Regulatory Factor Expression in Hybrid Sunfish . [Internet] [Thesis]. Queens University; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/14689.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Soon-Shiong R. Maternal and Paternal Growth Regulatory Factor Expression in Hybrid Sunfish . [Thesis]. Queens University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/14689

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

4. Kallappa, Kulloli Shrishail. Studies on reproductive dynamics and conservation strategies of three rare and endemic balsams of western ghats; -.

Degree: Botany, 2015, Kannur University

URL: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/44320

None

References and appendix included

Advisors/Committee Members: Pandurangan, A G, Sreekala, A K.

Subjects/Keywords: Conservation; Reproductive; Strategies; Western ghats

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kallappa, K. S. (2015). Studies on reproductive dynamics and conservation strategies of three rare and endemic balsams of western ghats; -. (Thesis). Kannur University. Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/44320

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kallappa, Kulloli Shrishail. “Studies on reproductive dynamics and conservation strategies of three rare and endemic balsams of western ghats; -.” 2015. Thesis, Kannur University. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/44320.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kallappa, Kulloli Shrishail. “Studies on reproductive dynamics and conservation strategies of three rare and endemic balsams of western ghats; -.” 2015. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Kallappa KS. Studies on reproductive dynamics and conservation strategies of three rare and endemic balsams of western ghats; -. [Internet] [Thesis]. Kannur University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/44320.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kallappa KS. Studies on reproductive dynamics and conservation strategies of three rare and endemic balsams of western ghats; -. [Thesis]. Kannur University; 2015. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/44320

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Nairobi

5. Akinyi, Awiti M. A survey of competitive strategies used by reproductive health organizations to cope with increased competition in the private sector .

Degree: 2007, University of Nairobi

URL: http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7474

► Health facilities providing reproductive heath services in the private sector in Kenya have witnessed dramatic changes as a result of services being offered by all… (more)

▼ Health facilities providing reproductive heath services in the private sector in Kenya have witnessed dramatic changes as a result of services being offered by all Ministry of Health hospitals in every district at affordable prices. This has impacted significantly on the state of competition. For enterprises to survive this stiff competition, it has been necessary to develop competitive strategies to enable them achieve a competitive advantage over their competitors. This study therefore sought to establish and document the various competitive strategies being adopted by reproductive health organization to cope with increased competition in the reproductive health sector. The study also sought to determine the challenges faced by these reproductive health organizations as they apply the competitive strategies. The study focused on 20 health facilities offering reproductive health services in Kenya that had been sampled; only 15 responded positively to the study. Data was collected through questionnaire method. Questionnaires were administered through personal interviews and drop and pick method. Drop and pick method was used where the target respondents were not easily available. On one hand differentiation strategy was apparent with most of the organizations but some had deliberate attempts to adapt cost leadership strategy. From the analysis it was established that the reproductive health organizations used generic strategies in an attempt to gain competitive advantage. Differentiation strategy had a mean score of 4.1 and cost leadership had 4.3. These mean scores for these strategies did not vary significantly. It shows that these strategies were uniformly used by most organizations within the reproductive health organizations. There are several challenges that face the reproductive health organizations in their attempt to apply these generic strategies. Research findings show that the major challenges faced by these organizations are: imitation by other reproductive health organizations offering similar services, high competition especially from individuals opening clinics in residential areas, rapid changes in family planning methods being used, global influences, increase in the number of organizations offering reproductive health services and huge capital outlays were some of the challenges faced by organizations in the sector. The government needs to put in place a comprehensive research policy through the Ministry of Health. This policy would seek to find out the extent to which the reproductive health organizations adhere to the Ministry of health regulations as the study indicates a large number of local organizations are opening up and imitating the services being provided by other reproductive health organizations. This has implication on the quality of services provided, by reproductive health organizations.

Subjects/Keywords: competitive strategies; reproductive health

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APA (6^th Edition):

Akinyi, A. M. (2007). A survey of competitive strategies used by reproductive health organizations to cope with increased competition in the private sector . (Thesis). University of Nairobi. Retrieved from http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7474

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Akinyi, Awiti M. “A survey of competitive strategies used by reproductive health organizations to cope with increased competition in the private sector .” 2007. Thesis, University of Nairobi. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7474.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Akinyi, Awiti M. “A survey of competitive strategies used by reproductive health organizations to cope with increased competition in the private sector .” 2007. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Akinyi AM. A survey of competitive strategies used by reproductive health organizations to cope with increased competition in the private sector . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Nairobi; 2007. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7474.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Akinyi AM. A survey of competitive strategies used by reproductive health organizations to cope with increased competition in the private sector . [Thesis]. University of Nairobi; 2007. Available from: http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7474

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

NSYSU

6. Tsui, Kuan-Hao. Research on International Business Strategies of Reproductive Medical Center- A Study of Mainland China.

Degree: Master, EMBA, 2018, NSYSU

URL: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0512118-143904

► Our reproductive center has laid a solid foundation in Kaohsiung Veteran General Hospital. Our team continuously advance in the recent years to establish a omnibearing… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: analytic hierarchy process; operative strategies; international reproductive center; critical successful factors

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tsui, K. (2018). Research on International Business Strategies of Reproductive Medical Center- A Study of Mainland China. (Thesis). NSYSU. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0512118-143904

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tsui, Kuan-Hao. “Research on International Business Strategies of Reproductive Medical Center- A Study of Mainland China.” 2018. Thesis, NSYSU. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0512118-143904.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tsui, Kuan-Hao. “Research on International Business Strategies of Reproductive Medical Center- A Study of Mainland China.” 2018. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Tsui K. Research on International Business Strategies of Reproductive Medical Center- A Study of Mainland China. [Internet] [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0512118-143904.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Tsui K. Research on International Business Strategies of Reproductive Medical Center- A Study of Mainland China. [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2018. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0512118-143904

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Oxford

7. Sugianto, Nadine Adrianna. Reproductive biology of the European badger (Meles meles) : endocrinological insights into lifetime reproductive events, strategies and cub development in response to ecological factors.

Degree: PhD, 2018, University of Oxford

URL: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8ca1b7fb-442a-4522-bbd0-744612814816 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.791597

► Knowledge of reproductive adaptions and physiological mechanisms are essential in wildlife conservation as they impact species survival. As markers of bodily functions, hormones mirror reproductive… (more)

▼ Knowledge of reproductive adaptions and physiological mechanisms are essential in wildlife conservation as they impact species survival. As markers of bodily functions, hormones mirror reproductive activity and reveal baseline information including reproductive cycles and strategies, lifetime reproductive events such as puberty and senescence, as well as responses to ecological factors, which are all profound factors of wildlife population growth. In this thesis, the reproductive biology of the European badger (Meles meles) is examined by utilising endocrinological measures with complementary somatic and ecological data. Research chapter I establishes endocinological mechanisms of the flexible delayed implantation and superfoetation mating strategy, where number of additional mating seasons varies with population density across badger geographical range. Research chapter II demonstrates that despite hormone levels and external genitalia morphology (EGM) showing similar seasonal patterns, EGM in males is a reliable indicator of reproductive status only during the mating season, while in females EGM is a less precise proxy. Research chapter III reveals that asynchronous timing in attaining minimum body size, required for sexual maturity, results in two heterochronous phenotypes (early- and late- developers) in male cubs (less evident in females), while Research chapter IV showcases the decline in sex-steroid levels and somatic condition with age, leading to a post-reproductive lifespan (PRLS), while also showing two reproductive phenotypes (high and low hormone levels) in older individuals of both sexes. Research chapter V demonstrates that sexual selection is unlikely to be the driving force for sexual size dimorphism in badgers, but social and environmental factors, as well as endocrinological mechanisms, affecting juvenile diverging growth patterns and end body sizes are likely the primary physiological process of this phenomenon. Research chapter VI illustrates that ecological changes can be reflected in hormone levels and the regulation of these changes differs between sexes, likely linked to their respective reproductive strategies. Research chapter VII establishes that urinary metabolite measurement may reliably assess endocrine function in badgers as a non-invasive technique, especially in males. Collectively, these research chapters give a comprehensive understanding of the badger's reproductive processes and how it interacts with ecological factors.

Subjects/Keywords: Development; Senescence; European Badger; Puberty; Reproductive Strategies; Non-invasive Hormone Monitoring; Endocrinology; Reproductive biology; Animal Welfare; Ecology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Sugianto, N. A. (2018). Reproductive biology of the European badger (Meles meles) : endocrinological insights into lifetime reproductive events, strategies and cub development in response to ecological factors. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oxford. Retrieved from http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8ca1b7fb-442a-4522-bbd0-744612814816 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.791597

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sugianto, Nadine Adrianna. “Reproductive biology of the European badger (Meles meles) : endocrinological insights into lifetime reproductive events, strategies and cub development in response to ecological factors.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oxford. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8ca1b7fb-442a-4522-bbd0-744612814816 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.791597.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sugianto, Nadine Adrianna. “Reproductive biology of the European badger (Meles meles) : endocrinological insights into lifetime reproductive events, strategies and cub development in response to ecological factors.” 2018. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Sugianto NA. Reproductive biology of the European badger (Meles meles) : endocrinological insights into lifetime reproductive events, strategies and cub development in response to ecological factors. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8ca1b7fb-442a-4522-bbd0-744612814816 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.791597.

Council of Science Editors:

Sugianto NA. Reproductive biology of the European badger (Meles meles) : endocrinological insights into lifetime reproductive events, strategies and cub development in response to ecological factors. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2018. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8ca1b7fb-442a-4522-bbd0-744612814816 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.791597

Southern Illinois University

8. Trebouet, Florian (Allen. MALE REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES IN WILD NORTHERN PIG-TAILED MACAQUES (MACACA LEONINA): TESTING THE PRIORITY-OF-ACCESS MODEL.

Degree: PhD, Anthropology, 2019, Southern Illinois University

URL: https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1765

► Among multi-male, multi-female primate groups, males engage in direct contest competition for access to mates. The priority-of-access model (PoA model) generally predicts that male… (more)

▼ Among multi-male, multi-female primate groups, males engage in direct contest competition for access to mates. The priority-of-access model (PoA model) generally predicts that male reproductive success increases with male dominance rank, but the strength of this relationship is expected to decrease with increasing female reproductive synchrony, particularly in seasonally breeding primates. Genetic paternity studies support the model’s predictions, having found a positive relationship between male dominance rank and reproductive success. However, in addition to dominance status and female reproductive synchrony, a number of proximate factors also impact males’ ability to sire offspring, which have not been considered in studies of male reproductive strategies.By integrating behavioral, genetic, morphological, and hormonal analysis as more direct measures of reproductive success in individual males, this dissertation investigated the relationship between male dominance rank and reproductive success and including the proximate factors affecting this relationship in wild northern pig-tailed macaques (Macaca leonina). The main objectives of this study are: 1) to identify the relationships between male dominance rank, male mating success, and male reproductive success, and assess to what extent female synchrony affects these relationships; 2) to identify the proximate factors that may reduce the reproductive success of the top-ranking male and assess variation in male mating tactics related to dominance rank and migration status (i.e., resident males vs. extra-group males); and 3) to evaluate the function of males’ red ornaments that may be used to signal male dominance status (male-male competition) to attract females (female mate choice) or both. The study was conducted at Khao Yai National Park, northeastern Thailand. Systematic data collection on CH group occurred from September 2015-June 2017. The group composition was recorded daily as well as births, deaths, individual emigrations and immigrations, females’ parity status, and the presence of extra-group males (EGMs). Sociosexual data and male-female interactions (i.e., copulations, ejaculatory copulations, consortships, grooming, female proceptive behaviors and receptive behaviors) were recorded during females’ receptive periods. To assess male reproductive success, genetic paternity analyses were conducted on fecal DNA samples collected from 18 adult and subadult males, 22 adult females, and 25 juveniles and infants. To measure red skin coloration of males, hindquarter images were collected non-invasively for seven adult males. From those images, skin color and luminance were computationally quantified to assess variation in male anogenital reflectance. Lastly, fecal samples were collected from nine adult males to assess monthly levels of fecal testosterone by microtitreplate enzyme immunoassay. The distribution of births and matings suggested that northern pig-tailed macaques, at least in this group, are best categorized as moderate seasonal breeders. Indeed,… Advisors/Committee Members: Reichard, Ulrich.

Subjects/Keywords: Macaca leonina; Male ornamentation; Mating strategies; Priority-of-Access model; Reproductive seasonality; Sexual selection

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APA (6^th Edition):

Trebouet, F. (. (2019). MALE REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES IN WILD NORTHERN PIG-TAILED MACAQUES (MACACA LEONINA): TESTING THE PRIORITY-OF-ACCESS MODEL. (Doctoral Dissertation). Southern Illinois University. Retrieved from https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1765

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Trebouet, Florian (Allen. “MALE REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES IN WILD NORTHERN PIG-TAILED MACAQUES (MACACA LEONINA): TESTING THE PRIORITY-OF-ACCESS MODEL.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Southern Illinois University. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1765.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Trebouet, Florian (Allen. “MALE REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES IN WILD NORTHERN PIG-TAILED MACAQUES (MACACA LEONINA): TESTING THE PRIORITY-OF-ACCESS MODEL.” 2019. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Trebouet F(. MALE REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES IN WILD NORTHERN PIG-TAILED MACAQUES (MACACA LEONINA): TESTING THE PRIORITY-OF-ACCESS MODEL. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Southern Illinois University; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1765.

Council of Science Editors:

Trebouet F(. MALE REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES IN WILD NORTHERN PIG-TAILED MACAQUES (MACACA LEONINA): TESTING THE PRIORITY-OF-ACCESS MODEL. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Southern Illinois University; 2019. Available from: https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1765

University of KwaZulu-Natal

9. Thutoemang, Tlotlo Cousy. The role of fathers’ parental involvement in female reproductive strategies : the case of Botswana.

Degree: 2017, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/16680

► This study located in Botswana examined if fathers’ parental involvement as well as accessibility has any effects on their daughter’s reproductive strategies. A sample of… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Reproductive strategies.; Parental involvement.; Menarche.; Sexual debut.; Parental investment.; Life history theory.; Evolutionary psychology.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Thutoemang, T. C. (2017). The role of fathers’ parental involvement in female reproductive strategies : the case of Botswana. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/16680

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Thutoemang, Tlotlo Cousy. “The role of fathers’ parental involvement in female reproductive strategies : the case of Botswana.” 2017. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/16680.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Thutoemang, Tlotlo Cousy. “The role of fathers’ parental involvement in female reproductive strategies : the case of Botswana.” 2017. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Thutoemang TC. The role of fathers’ parental involvement in female reproductive strategies : the case of Botswana. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/16680.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Thutoemang TC. The role of fathers’ parental involvement in female reproductive strategies : the case of Botswana. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2017. Available from: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/16680

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Arizona

10. Jackson, Jenee James. Sociosexual Development: Infusing the Belsky, Steinberg, and Draper Model with Sexual Selection .

Degree: 2010, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/196156

► Life history theory attempts to explain between- and within-species variation in maturational and reproductive patterns, whereas sexual selection attempts to explain between- and within-sex differences… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: development; evolution; humans; life history strategies; mating strategies; reproductive strategies

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jackson, J. J. (2010). Sociosexual Development: Infusing the Belsky, Steinberg, and Draper Model with Sexual Selection . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/196156

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jackson, Jenee James. “Sociosexual Development: Infusing the Belsky, Steinberg, and Draper Model with Sexual Selection .” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/196156.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jackson, Jenee James. “Sociosexual Development: Infusing the Belsky, Steinberg, and Draper Model with Sexual Selection .” 2010. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Jackson JJ. Sociosexual Development: Infusing the Belsky, Steinberg, and Draper Model with Sexual Selection . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2010. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/196156.

Council of Science Editors:

Jackson JJ. Sociosexual Development: Infusing the Belsky, Steinberg, and Draper Model with Sexual Selection . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/196156

Texas A&M University

11. Rousseau, Ludivine Blandine. Reproductive strategies of Weddell seals in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica: relationship among vocalizations, behaviors, and social interactions.

Degree: MS, Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, 2007, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5776

► Phocid seals (true seals, Order Carnivora, Family Phocidae) use a diverse array of breeding habitats and strategies, and produce many vocalizations. Therefore, phocids are well… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Weddell seals; reproductive strategies; communication; vocalizations; behaviors; social interactions

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APA (6^th Edition):

Rousseau, L. B. (2007). Reproductive strategies of Weddell seals in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica: relationship among vocalizations, behaviors, and social interactions. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5776

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rousseau, Ludivine Blandine. “Reproductive strategies of Weddell seals in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica: relationship among vocalizations, behaviors, and social interactions.” 2007. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5776.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rousseau, Ludivine Blandine. “Reproductive strategies of Weddell seals in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica: relationship among vocalizations, behaviors, and social interactions.” 2007. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Rousseau LB. Reproductive strategies of Weddell seals in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica: relationship among vocalizations, behaviors, and social interactions. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2007. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5776.

Council of Science Editors:

Rousseau LB. Reproductive strategies of Weddell seals in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica: relationship among vocalizations, behaviors, and social interactions. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2007. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5776

University of South Africa

12. Abraham Alemayehu Gatta. Guidelines for gender sensitive HIV and AIDS prevention strategies among reproductive age women in Ethiopia .

Degree: 2015, University of South Africa

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19693

► Background AIDS remains one of the world’s most serious health challenges affecting more females than men. The differences in the spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus… (more)

▼ Background AIDS remains one of the world’s most serious health challenges affecting more females than men. The differences in the spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among gender groups stem from biology, sexual behaviour and socially constructed gender differences between women and men in roles and responsibilities, access to resources and decision-making power. It could also be due to the females’ status in society which could be justified by lower economic and decision making ability. Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the role of gender in the spread of HIV among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia; with the view of developing gender sensitive HIV and AIDS prevention strategies. Methods The study used sequential mixed method with quantitative and qualitative paradigm. During first phase of the study, health facility based descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. Data was collected from 422 respondents using a structured questionnaire. Forty participants were recruited by purposive sampling from representatives working in reproductive health or related fields. Results About 83.2% of respondents reported that sexual intercourse discussion should be initiated by male partners. This showed that majority of respondents were dependent on their male partners in decision-making regarding sexual matters in their relationship. Multiple sexual partners were common among the respondents. One third of the respondents reported to have had intercourse with more than one partner during the past twelve months of the study period. Higher proportion of respondents (61.4%, n=259) had never used condom during sexual intercourse with their partner/s. As a result these risky sexual practices are a potential threat for spread of HIV and AIDS among women. Thus developed guidelines would alleviate the existing problems through implementation of strategies of HIV and AIDS prevention to enhance women’s status at household and different administrative structure level. Conclusion Gender disparities in relation to negotiating sexual relations among the study respondents were found to be still relevant. The culture that has placed men at the helm of leadership in sexual matters is strongly upheld and that includes who recommends use of preventive measures and who regulates when and how to enter into a sexual relationship. Guidelines for gender sensitive prevention strategies if applied appropriately would educate women and men to make decision about what directly affects their health Advisors/Committee Members: Ganga-Limando, M (advisor), Thupayagale-Tshweneagae, G (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Gender; Gender-sensitive; Guidelines; HIV and AIDS; Magnitude of HIV Vulnerability; Prevention strategies; Vulnerability; Women of reproductive age

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gatta, A. A. (2015). Guidelines for gender sensitive HIV and AIDS prevention strategies among reproductive age women in Ethiopia . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of South Africa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19693

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gatta, Abraham Alemayehu. “Guidelines for gender sensitive HIV and AIDS prevention strategies among reproductive age women in Ethiopia .” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of South Africa. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19693.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gatta, Abraham Alemayehu. “Guidelines for gender sensitive HIV and AIDS prevention strategies among reproductive age women in Ethiopia .” 2015. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Gatta AA. Guidelines for gender sensitive HIV and AIDS prevention strategies among reproductive age women in Ethiopia . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of South Africa; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19693.

Council of Science Editors:

Gatta AA. Guidelines for gender sensitive HIV and AIDS prevention strategies among reproductive age women in Ethiopia . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of South Africa; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19693

13. Pettit, Alesha Suzanne. A fitness cost warning among nulliparous human females.

Degree: MA, Anthropology, 2015, California State University – Sacramento

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/139565

► Some women choose not to reproduce. This is counterintuitive from an evolutionary theoretical perspective as individual reproductive success requires one or more offspring. The main… (more)

▼ Some women choose not to reproduce. This is counterintuitive from an evolutionary theoretical perspective as individual reproductive success requires one or more offspring. The main issue is why individual women might choose not to reproduce and whether the choice is necessarily maladaptive. This study proposes that the choice to not reproduce can be adaptive. Females who choose to not reproduce may be reacting to a fitness cost warning of heritable diseases or medical conditions that could affect the individual costs of reproduction. The body is known to signal potential fitness costs during pregnancy, and such signals are often associated with spontaneous terminations. If however, nulliparous women who experience a fitness cost warning simply "choose" not to reproduce, they may mitigate the costs of a potentially failed reproduction. Women who choose not to reproduce may nonetheless enhance their reproductive fitness by means of inclusive fitness such as alloparenting the offspring of relatives. A questionnaire was administered in order to determine whether there is an association between any heritable diseases or medical conditions, or the use of an inclusive fitness strategy, and females who may or may not have chosen to have children. The questionnaire asked specific questions regarding their age, their decision whether or not to reproduce, individual health, health of relatives, and time invested in nieces and nephews. Statistical analyses utilizing logistic regression were performed to address these factors. The logistic regression indicated that there is a significant relationship between choice to reproduce and health of female study participants. Females who chose not to reproduce, or remain childfree, had a higher incidence of individual medical conditions, significantly higher than the female participants who have already reproduced or anticipated reproducing. The childfree females may have made the choice to abstain from individual reproduction because they experienced a fitness cost warning associated with their medical condition. This rare reproductive strategy is evolutionarily adaptive to females who may experience a fitness cost associated with individual reproduction. By making the ???choice??? to not reproduce, they are circumventing any lost time, energy, or resources associated with a failed or suboptimal reproductive event. Advisors/Committee Members: Sullivan, Roger J..

Subjects/Keywords: Reproductive strategies; Free will; Inclusive; Choice

…fitness is utilized. To fully understand different reproductive strategies such as inclusive… …Chi Square Variables Health and Reproductive Choice �� …... �� 51 2. Regression… …Figures 1. Page Variables Health and Reproductive Choice �� …... 50 x 1 CHAPTER… …conscious or active choice in regards to kin and reproduction. Along the spectrum of reproductive… …strategies, even sterility can be a viable option. This can be observed in species that practice…

4 more images…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Pettit, A. S. (2015). A fitness cost warning among nulliparous human females. (Masters Thesis). California State University – Sacramento. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/139565

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pettit, Alesha Suzanne. “A fitness cost warning among nulliparous human females.” 2015. Masters Thesis, California State University – Sacramento. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/139565.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pettit, Alesha Suzanne. “A fitness cost warning among nulliparous human females.” 2015. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Pettit AS. A fitness cost warning among nulliparous human females. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. California State University – Sacramento; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/139565.

Council of Science Editors:

Pettit AS. A fitness cost warning among nulliparous human females. [Masters Thesis]. California State University – Sacramento; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/139565

University of South Africa

14. Dereje Kifle Moges. Development of strategies to reduce unmet need for modern contraception among agro-pastoral women in Eastern Ethiopia .

Degree: 2020, University of South Africa

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27150

► The aim of the study was to develop strategies to reduce the unmet need for modern contraception among agro-pastoral women. The objectives of the study… (more)

▼ The aim of the study was to develop strategies to reduce the unmet need for modern contraception among agro-pastoral women. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of unmet need for modern contraception, determine the factors associated with unmet need for modern contraception, and explore the barriers that hindered agro-pastoral women from using modern contraception. A mixed-method research design was used to conduct the study. Data were collected from agro-pastoral women and family planning service providers. Questionnaire and individual in-depth interviews were used to collect the data. The validity and reliability of the quantitative data and trustworthiness of the qualitative data were ensured. Use of standard data collection tools, employing method and data triangulation, and documenting all the procedures of data collection and analysis were among the ways employed to do so The quantitative data were analysed using simple descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression. Thematic analysis was employed to analyse the qualitative data. Ethical principles of research such as beneficence, justice, informed consent, respect for persons, privacy and confidentiality and scientific integrity were considered to conduct the study. The study revealed an unmet need of 29.2% (n=112) for modern contraception among agro-pastoral women. The unmet need for birth spacing constituted 21.1% (n=81), whereas the unmet need for birth limiting was 8.1% (n=31). The age of the women, the number of living children, knowledge of modern contraceptive methods, and knowledge of FP service centres were found to be associated with women‘s unmet need for modern contraception. Lack of time and money, lack of knowledge about modern contraception, and fear of side effects were the major individual-level barriers. There were also culture-related factors such as the need for many children that hindered agro-pastoral women from using modern contraception. Moreover, the study disclosed that religious unacceptability and husband‘s and relatives‘ opposition were also among the mentioned barriers. The quality of FP service provision in terms of the competence and behaviour of health service providers, unavailability and inaccessibility of FP service, were also indicated as barriers. The findings informed the development of strategies to reduce agro-pastoral women‘s unmet needs for modern contraception in Eastern Ethiopia. The study further recommended that the health bureaus of the region, zone and district collaborate in ensuring that agro-pastoral women realise the significance of the provision of accessible, equitable, quality modern contraception. It is also essential to equip health facilities with qualified health service providers and necessary facilities. Religious leaders should be involved in disseminating vital, relevant and empowering FP information. Advisors/Committee Members: Mmusi-Phetoe, Rose Maureen Makapi (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Agro-pastoral women; Barriers; Birth limiting; Birth spacing; Family planning; Modern contraception; Reproductive ages; Strategies; Unintended pregnancy; Unmet need

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APA (6^th Edition):

Moges, D. K. (2020). Development of strategies to reduce unmet need for modern contraception among agro-pastoral women in Eastern Ethiopia . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of South Africa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27150

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Moges, Dereje Kifle. “Development of strategies to reduce unmet need for modern contraception among agro-pastoral women in Eastern Ethiopia .” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, University of South Africa. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27150.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Moges, Dereje Kifle. “Development of strategies to reduce unmet need for modern contraception among agro-pastoral women in Eastern Ethiopia .” 2020. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Moges DK. Development of strategies to reduce unmet need for modern contraception among agro-pastoral women in Eastern Ethiopia . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of South Africa; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27150.

Council of Science Editors:

Moges DK. Development of strategies to reduce unmet need for modern contraception among agro-pastoral women in Eastern Ethiopia . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of South Africa; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27150

15. Vogel, Carina. Estratégias de história de vida de peixes neotropicais em diferentes tipos de habitat.

Degree: 2012, Brazil

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10183/60554

► A reprodução representa um dos aspectos mais importantes da biologia de uma espécie e a manutenção de populações viáveis dependem do seu sucesso. O sucesso… (more)

▼ A reprodução representa um dos aspectos mais importantes da biologia de uma espécie e a manutenção de populações viáveis dependem do seu sucesso. O sucesso alcançado pelos peixes em ambientes distintos deve-se à enorme gama de estratégias reprodutivas desenvolvidas pelo grupo. Nos ambientes aquáticos, a expressão da estratégia reprodutiva de uma espécie depende das interações entre fatores intrínsecos (fisiológicos, genéticos), e fatores extrínsecos como a qualidade do habitat, relações interespecíficas e também fatores físicos e regime de hidrológico. A teoria do “habitat template” propõe que a variabilidade temporal e espacial do habitat físico influencia na evolução da combinação do comportamento, fisiologia e características de história de vida das espécies. O habitat é o modelo contra o qual as pressões evolutivas dão forma à estratégia ecológica de uma espécie. Em contrapartida, as características históricas e filogenéticas limitariam algumas características específicas, independente do habitat. A teoria da história de vida lida com restrições entre variáveis demográficas e características associadas com reprodução e a maneira em que essas limitações, ou trade-offs, moldam as estratégias para lidar com diferentes tipos de ambiente. Sendo assim, o investimento em um atributo causaria a redução dos recursos disponíveis para investimento em outro. Trabalhos procurando vinculares os atributos biológicas de peixes as características ambientais do habitat em peixes propõem a existência de um gradiente entre três estratégias de história de vida em peixes de água doce: a oportunista, a de equilíbrio e a periódica. Contudo, é observado que espécies intimamente aparentadas podem exibir estratégias de história de vida diferentes ao passo que espécies distantes filogeneticamente podem convergir independentemente para estratégias semelhantes. Dentro deste contexto, o objetivo dessa dissertação é a abordagem das relações das estratégias de história de vida em relação à diferentes tipos de habitat em algumas espécies de peixes neotropicais. O primeiro capítulo trata das estratégias reprodutivas de espécies de Characidae em escala local com diferentes distribuições dentro de uma sub-bacia. Seria esperado encontrar diferenças nas estratégias reprodutivas das espécies que habitam ambientes que contrastam na magnitude das flutuações, com espécies de estratégia oportunista presentes a montante na bacia e espécies com estratégia periódica a jusante na bacia. O segundo capítulo analisa, em maior escala, as relações entre as estratégias de história de vida de peixes neotropicais da América do Sul e quatro tipos de habitat e a influência da taxonomia baseada em atributos morfológicos e reprodutivos das espécies. Se as características funcionais (um conjunto de atributos) dos organismos são previsíveis a partir características ambientais então seria esperado encontrar uma convergência desses atributos em organismos habitando o mesmo ambiente. Esse tipo de estudo é importante na busca de padrões de distribuição e na compreensão de… Advisors/Committee Members: Becker, Fernando Gertum.

Subjects/Keywords: Peixes : Água doce; Reprodução animal; Ictiologia; Reproduction; Traits; Functional diversity; Freshwater fishes; Taxonomic groups; Reproductive strategies

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APA (6^th Edition):

Vogel, C. (2012). Estratégias de história de vida de peixes neotropicais em diferentes tipos de habitat. (Masters Thesis). Brazil. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10183/60554

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Vogel, Carina. “Estratégias de história de vida de peixes neotropicais em diferentes tipos de habitat.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Brazil. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/60554.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Vogel, Carina. “Estratégias de história de vida de peixes neotropicais em diferentes tipos de habitat.” 2012. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Vogel C. Estratégias de história de vida de peixes neotropicais em diferentes tipos de habitat. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Brazil; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10183/60554.

Council of Science Editors:

Vogel C. Estratégias de história de vida de peixes neotropicais em diferentes tipos de habitat. [Masters Thesis]. Brazil; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10183/60554

University of Canterbury

16. Dunnington, Michael James. The reproductive strategies of the pill-box crab Halicarcinus innominatus Richardson, 1949.

Degree: MS, Zoology, 1999, University of Canterbury

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/6982

► This study examines the reproductive strategies of the Pill-box crab, Halicarcinus innominatus, at the Oaro Platform (24 km south of the Kaikoura Peninsula, New Zealand).… (more)

▼ This study examines the reproductive strategies of the Pill-box crab, Halicarcinus innominatus, at the Oaro Platform (24 km south of the Kaikoura Peninsula, New Zealand). As necessary components of reproductive strategies, the population dynamics, reproductive biology and mating behaviour of H. innominetus were examined from December 1997 through December 1998. There were obvious sexually dimorphic differences in secondary sexual traits in this species. Both males and females display a wide range of sizes over which individuals can moult to maturity. H. innominatus females displayed continuous breeding throughout the year, resulting in continuous recruitment. Females were found to outnumber males in each month. However, when comparisons were made between mature males and females with different brood stages (i.e. 0-5), males outnumbered each female type in each month. Investigations into the reproductive biology of H. innominatus females revealed that brood development and ovary development were in phase. This resulted in the ability of females to produce several broods in quick succession. Ovary development began before the moult to maturity, allowing for immediate production of a brood after the moult to maturity. Egg incubation periods were dependent on water temperature, being longest in the winter and shortest in the summer. Egg numbers were found to increase with female body size, but mortality of eggs through development was apparent. Sperm storage was found to occur in this species with possible layering of different ejaculates. Copulations were only observed between males and females in hard-shell conditions. Males mated more often with females carrying stage 5 broods, but also mated with all other female types, including pre-pubescent females. Postcopulatory mate guarding only occurred with stage 5 females. Males can detect females of different reproductive condition, which seems to be linked to the developmental stages of the females' ovaries. In conclusion, H. innominatus males seem to have two tactics to their reproductive strategies: mating with any receptive female, but only guarding stage 5 females.

Subjects/Keywords: Reproductive strategies; pill-box crab; Halicarcinus innominatus

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APA (6^th Edition):

Dunnington, M. J. (1999). The reproductive strategies of the pill-box crab Halicarcinus innominatus Richardson, 1949. (Masters Thesis). University of Canterbury. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/6982

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dunnington, Michael James. “The reproductive strategies of the pill-box crab Halicarcinus innominatus Richardson, 1949.” 1999. Masters Thesis, University of Canterbury. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/6982.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dunnington, Michael James. “The reproductive strategies of the pill-box crab Halicarcinus innominatus Richardson, 1949.” 1999. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Dunnington MJ. The reproductive strategies of the pill-box crab Halicarcinus innominatus Richardson, 1949. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Canterbury; 1999. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/6982.

Council of Science Editors:

Dunnington MJ. The reproductive strategies of the pill-box crab Halicarcinus innominatus Richardson, 1949. [Masters Thesis]. University of Canterbury; 1999. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/6982

University of Saskatchewan

17. Lerner, Pamela Diana. A comparative study on seed heteromorphism in Achnatherum brachychaetum (Godr.) Barkworth and Nassella clarazii (Ball) Barkworth.

Degree: 2005, University of Saskatchewan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/etd-01032006-144657

► Seed heteromorphism related to chasmogamous (CH) and cleistogamous (CL) seeds can have different ecological significance in species with different functional characteristics, competitive ability and palatability.… (more)

▼ Seed heteromorphism related to chasmogamous (CH) and cleistogamous (CL) seeds can have different ecological significance in species with different functional characteristics, competitive ability and palatability. Punagrass [Achnatherum brachychaetum (Godr.) Barkworth], an invasive, perennial grass is common in grasslands of Argentina and it is an aggressive weed in other parts of the world. Flechilla grande [Nassella clarazii (Ball) Barkworth] is a palatable perennial grass associated with the dominant "climax" vegetation in grasslands of Argentina. Seeds of the two grasses were collected from grasslands of Argentina, and growth chamber and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine: 1) germination, dormancy breaking, and mass of CH and CL seeds of the two species 2) effects of contrasting range condition on germination and seed mass of punagrass, 3) the relative fitness of plants from CH and CL seeds, 4) if contrasting range condition affect fitness of CH plants of punagrass, and 5) the effect of maternal nutrient environments on CH and CL seeds and on fitness in the two species. Small CH seeds of high dispersal potential were less dormant than large CL seeds of low dispersal potential in punagrass. CH and CL seeds of flechilla grande had similar mass, germination, and response to dehulling. CL seed size and CL seed production of punagrass increased with good range condition. Increasing the maternal, nutrient environment enhanced germination of CH seeds, CL seed size, growth rate, development, biomass and seed production more in punagrass than flechilla grande. Under low nutrient conditions, flechilla grande produced a few large CH seeds. CH progeny of punagrass grew fast and developed rapidly as compared to CL progeny, which in turn produced many CH seeds. CH and CL seeds of flechilla grande had similar contribution to the fitness of adult plants. In both species, the ecological significance of having seed heteromorphism is that sibling competition is probably reduced by having more diverse offspring. Heavy grazing of competitive species such as flechilla grande may favours species as punagrass with many small CH seeds, high potential for colonization as well as large CL seeds for persistence in the seed bank and seedling competition. Advisors/Committee Members: Bai, Yuguang, Romo, James T., Légère, Anne, Coulman, Bruce E..

Subjects/Keywords: reproductive strategies in grasses; Stipa; reproductive allocation; colonization/competition strategies; adaptations for partitioning limiting resources; seed size; seed dormancy; cleistogamy; chasmogamy

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lerner, P. D. (2005). A comparative study on seed heteromorphism in Achnatherum brachychaetum (Godr.) Barkworth and Nassella clarazii (Ball) Barkworth. (Thesis). University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10388/etd-01032006-144657

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lerner, Pamela Diana. “A comparative study on seed heteromorphism in Achnatherum brachychaetum (Godr.) Barkworth and Nassella clarazii (Ball) Barkworth.” 2005. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/etd-01032006-144657.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lerner, Pamela Diana. “A comparative study on seed heteromorphism in Achnatherum brachychaetum (Godr.) Barkworth and Nassella clarazii (Ball) Barkworth.” 2005. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Lerner PD. A comparative study on seed heteromorphism in Achnatherum brachychaetum (Godr.) Barkworth and Nassella clarazii (Ball) Barkworth. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2005. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/etd-01032006-144657.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Lerner PD. A comparative study on seed heteromorphism in Achnatherum brachychaetum (Godr.) Barkworth and Nassella clarazii (Ball) Barkworth. [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2005. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/etd-01032006-144657

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Michigan

18. Lacey, Eileen Anne. Reproductive and dispersal strategies of male arctic ground squirrels (Spermophilus parryii plesius).

Degree: PhD, Zoology, 1991, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/128816

► I used behavioral and biochemical data to examine the adaptive significance of intraspecific variation in the reproductive and dispersal strategies of male arctic ground squirrels… (more)

▼ I used behavioral and biochemical data to examine the adaptive significance of intraspecific variation in the reproductive and dispersal strategies of male arctic ground squirrels (Spermophilus parryii plesius). The population studied was located in the Kluane Game Sanctuary, Yukon, Canada. Females in this population regularly mated with more than 1 male during a single period of sexual receptivity; electrophoretic paternity exclusion analyses indicated that litters were typically sired by a female's first mate. I found that male reproductive behavior varied as a function of mating order and, hence, the likelihood of siring young. Specifically, reproductive competition among males appeared to be most intense prior to a female's first copulation. Reproductive males defended territories during the period between the birth and weaning of young. Non-reproductive males that immigrated to the study site during this period established residence on burrow systems occupied by lactating females; changes in burrow ownership invariably resulted in the loss of those females' litters. Paternity exclusion analyses indicated that males were typically the sires of litters reared on their territories. Territory defense significantly increased juvenile survival by preventing burrow takeovers by immigrants. Reproductive males benefitted from territory defense by increasing the survival of probable offspring; I suggest that territory defense between the birth and weaning of young functioned as a form of paternal care. Although most males in the study population dispersed as juveniles, some males delayed dispersal until their yearling season. Whereas juvenile-dispersers were reproductively active as yearlings, yearling-dispersers did not reproduce until they were 2 years old. Yearling-dispersers were slow growing individuals whose body weights remained less than those of juvenile-dispersers until mid-way through their yearling season. Non-reproductive yearlings were implicated in burrow takeovers that resulted in litter loss. Preliminary data suggested that the lifetime reproductive success of yearling-dispersers was less than that of juvenile-dispersers. I argue that costs of dispersal are tolerable for large, but not small juveniles; as a result, small males are forced to remain in their natal areas and to forego reproduction as yearlings. Advisors/Committee Members: Alexander, Richard D. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Arctic; Canada; Dispersal; Ground; Male; Parryii; Plesius; Reproduction; Reproductive; Spermophilus; Squirrels; Strategies; Yukon

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Lacey, E. A. (1991). Reproductive and dispersal strategies of male arctic ground squirrels (Spermophilus parryii plesius). (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/128816

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lacey, Eileen Anne. “Reproductive and dispersal strategies of male arctic ground squirrels (Spermophilus parryii plesius).” 1991. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/128816.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lacey, Eileen Anne. “Reproductive and dispersal strategies of male arctic ground squirrels (Spermophilus parryii plesius).” 1991. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Lacey EA. Reproductive and dispersal strategies of male arctic ground squirrels (Spermophilus parryii plesius). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 1991. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/128816.

Council of Science Editors:

Lacey EA. Reproductive and dispersal strategies of male arctic ground squirrels (Spermophilus parryii plesius). [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 1991. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/128816

19. Roberts, Eila K. Behavioral Endocrinology and Reproductive Strategies in Wild Female Geladas (Theropithecus gelada).

Degree: PhD, Psychology, 2012, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/96030

► Sexually selected infanticide by males often arises when a new dominant male enters a group that contains unrelated dependent offspring. Under such circumstances, infant deaths… (more)

▼ Sexually selected infanticide by males often arises when a new dominant male enters a group that contains unrelated dependent offspring. Under such circumstances, infant deaths hasten their mothers’ return to fertility and translate to male reproductive benefits. In contrast, infanticide poses a salient threat to female reproductive fitness. In response to this threat, females often develop counterstrategies to infanticide such as producing deceptive signs of fertility, prematurely weaning dependent young, forming defensive alliances, or spontaneously aborting a pregnancy. Recent evidence from wild geladas (Theropithecus gelada), a close relative of baboons, suggests that infanticide following male takeovers is a substantial threat for females with dependent offspring. The research described here explores the physiology and function of female response to the threat of infanticide in a wild population of geladas in the Simien Mountain National Park of Ethiopia. This study has three major components. First, we used fecal estrogen metabolites, demographic data, and sexual swellings to establish estimates for life history stages as well as hormonal, behavioral, and sexual swelling profiles across the reproductive stages. These were then used as baseline for investigating the function and potential mechanisms of counterstrategies. Second, we found that demographic factors can mediate infanticide risk for females and found that, following takeovers, female physiological stress response reflects this differential risk. Lastly, we investigated female counterstrategies to infanticide in pregnant and lactating female geladas. We first found unambiguous physiological evidence of spontaneous miscarriages in geladas and illustrated a fitness advantage to females that employed this strategy. In addition, we found demographic and physiological evidence of deceptive fertility following takeovers in lactating female geladas. Together, these results comprise the most complete study of the function and underlying mechanisms (i.e., hormones and behavior) of female reproductive strategies in primates. Advisors/Committee Members: Beehner, Jacinta Catherine (committee member), Low, Bobbi S. (committee member), Bergman, Thore Jon (committee member), Holekamp, Kay E. (committee member), Lee, Theresa M. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Reproductive Strategies; Behavioral Endocrinology; Geladas; Psychology; Social Sciences

…hormones and behavior) of female reproductive strategies in primates. xi Chapter One… …x29;. Consequently, each sex may develop reproductive strategies to reap the highest… …controversial, of male reproductive strategies is infanticide. 1 Despite the rarity of male… …reproductive strategies have never been explored in primates. Geladas provide an ideal system for… …52 Table 2.3. Summary of female gelada maturational milestones and reproductive parameters…

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Roberts, E. K. (2012). Behavioral Endocrinology and Reproductive Strategies in Wild Female Geladas (Theropithecus gelada). (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/96030

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Roberts, Eila K. “Behavioral Endocrinology and Reproductive Strategies in Wild Female Geladas (Theropithecus gelada).” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/96030.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Roberts, Eila K. “Behavioral Endocrinology and Reproductive Strategies in Wild Female Geladas (Theropithecus gelada).” 2012. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Roberts EK. Behavioral Endocrinology and Reproductive Strategies in Wild Female Geladas (Theropithecus gelada). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/96030.

Council of Science Editors:

Roberts EK. Behavioral Endocrinology and Reproductive Strategies in Wild Female Geladas (Theropithecus gelada). [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/96030

University of South Africa

20. Daba Banne Furry. Intervention strategies for the reduction of sexual risk practices among adolescents in Ethiopia .

Degree: 2015, University of South Africa

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20291

► BACKGROUND: Studies done in both developed and developing countries have reported the tendencies of adolescents to engage in risky behaviours. Such behaviours include indulging in… (more)

▼ BACKGROUND: Studies done in both developed and developing countries have reported the tendencies of adolescents to engage in risky behaviours. Such behaviours include indulging in early and unsafe sexual activities, having multiple sexual partners, alcohol and drug use and dropping out of school among others. PURPOSE: The main aim of the study was to develop intervention strategies for reducing sexual risk practices among adolescents in Ethiopia. METHODS: A mixed method approach using quantitative and qualitative approaches was employed in order to investigate the risks of sexual practices among urban and rural adolescents in the selected area. A cross-sectional survey was used to gather data quantitatively and focus group discussions were used for the qualitative part of data collection. A total of 449 students and 72 FGD participants were selected for quantitative and qualitative study respectively using systematic random sampling technique. Logistic regression was done to identify possible factors associated with knowledge on emergency contraceptive, condom utilisation, pre-marital sex practices and perception of risky sexual practices. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy (37.9%) respondents had experienced sexual intercourse at the time of the study. The higher proportion (42.6%) of those who had engaged in sexual relationships was from the rural school compared to 33.1% in the urban schools. The proportion of sexually active respondents was higher among males (44.8%) compared to (29%) females. Multiple partners were higher in rural adolescents (44.7%) compared to 31.8% among urban adolescents. Sexually Transmitted Diseases were reported by 28.6% of the sexually active adolescents and the prevalence was higher among males (73.5%) compared to 27% females. 87% of the sexually active adolescents rarely used a condom. CONCLUSION: The study identified a knowledge gap on ASRH which limited adolescents to access reproductive services. Social, cultural and economic factors contributed to adolescent engagement in risky sexual behaviours. Based on the major findings of this study, intervention strategies targeting behavioural, biomedical and structural interventions were proposed. Advisors/Committee Members: Thupayagale-Tshweneagae, G. B (advisor), Mashalla, J. S. Yohana (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Adolescence; Condom use; Emergency contraception; Intervention strategies; Reduction of sexual risk practices; Rural and urban schools; Sexual reproductive health; Sexually transmitted diseases

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APA (6^th Edition):

Furry, D. B. (2015). Intervention strategies for the reduction of sexual risk practices among adolescents in Ethiopia . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of South Africa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20291

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Furry, Daba Banne. “Intervention strategies for the reduction of sexual risk practices among adolescents in Ethiopia .” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of South Africa. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20291.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Furry, Daba Banne. “Intervention strategies for the reduction of sexual risk practices among adolescents in Ethiopia .” 2015. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Furry DB. Intervention strategies for the reduction of sexual risk practices among adolescents in Ethiopia . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of South Africa; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20291.

Council of Science Editors:

Furry DB. Intervention strategies for the reduction of sexual risk practices among adolescents in Ethiopia . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of South Africa; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20291

Brock University

21. Duff, Lyndon. Reproductive behaviour of male Xylocopa virginica and the influence of body size, nestmates, and siblings on territory defence .

Degree: Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10464/13375

► Males of Xylocopa virginica are territorial like many other bee species. Males interact aggressively to displace other males from territories. Body size is known to… (more)

▼ Males of Xylocopa virginica are territorial like many other bee species. Males interact aggressively to displace other males from territories. Body size is known to influence resource holding potential in many other taxa, and studies of bees suggest that body size is important for territorial males. Familiarity and the avoidance of kin competition are also known to influence territorial behaviours in other taxa but has not been studied in male bees. Recent evidence suggests that nestmate recognition occurs in X. virginica and there is also evidence for the avoidance of kin competition. This thesis tests whether body size, familiarity, and kinship influence territorial interactions using social networking tools. Around half of all males attempted to establish or defend a territory. Males that established or defended territories are larger than males that did not. Male body size has a weak positive influence on hover rates, related to holding territories, the number of hovering neighbours each male had, and the number of males each male chased or fled in defence of territories. I found no evidence to support that familiarity influences aggressive behaviours, but there is a strong correlation with the number of neighbours a male had and the number of males it chased or fled. Brothers estimated from microsatellite genotypes are no more aggressive to each other than to non-siblings. However, the results indicate that several sets of brothers overwintered in different nests, which does not coincide with the behavioural patterns described in the literature. This study is the first step towards understanding the influence of familiarity and kin competition on male behaviour in a taxonomic group with a wide array of mate-locating strategies. Discussed herein are the importance of continued research on mating systems and mate-locating strategies of bees, as well as outlining future projects to address several gaps in knowledge that remain after this study.

Subjects/Keywords: animal behaviour; territory; male mating strategies; reproductive behaviour; resource-holding potential; social networks

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Duff, L. (n.d.). Reproductive behaviour of male Xylocopa virginica and the influence of body size, nestmates, and siblings on territory defence . (Thesis). Brock University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10464/13375

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Duff, Lyndon. “Reproductive behaviour of male Xylocopa virginica and the influence of body size, nestmates, and siblings on territory defence .” Thesis, Brock University. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10464/13375.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Duff, Lyndon. “Reproductive behaviour of male Xylocopa virginica and the influence of body size, nestmates, and siblings on territory defence .” Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.

Vancouver:

Duff L. Reproductive behaviour of male Xylocopa virginica and the influence of body size, nestmates, and siblings on territory defence . [Internet] [Thesis]. Brock University; [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10464/13375.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
No year of publication.

Council of Science Editors:

Duff L. Reproductive behaviour of male Xylocopa virginica and the influence of body size, nestmates, and siblings on territory defence . [Thesis]. Brock University; Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10464/13375

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
No year of publication.

22. Famoso, Nicholas. Mammalian Community Recovery from Volcanic Eruptions in the Cenozoic of North America.

Degree: PhD, Department of Geological Sciences, 2017, University of Oregon

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22795

► It is clear that ecosystems are devastated after a volcanic eruption coats the landscape with a layer of ash; however, the ecological recovery of mammalian… (more)

▼ It is clear that ecosystems are devastated after a volcanic eruption coats the landscape with a layer of ash; however, the ecological recovery of mammalian communities after eruptions is poorly understood. Volcanic eruptions vary with magnitude and type and only a fraction of them have been analyzed for effects on mammalian communities. To better understand mammalian community recovery, I investigated three different lines of evidence. First, I created a new numeric metric for statistically analyzing reproductive strategies in mammals and tested the impact of diet and body size on reproductive strategies within a phylogenetic framework as proof of concept. The trend of lower reproductive rates and larger body size hold true for herbivores and omnivores, but different trajectories exist for carnivores. Second, I investigated how species richness, evenness, and similarity change across volcanic boundaries in the 1980 Mount St. Helens (MSH), Washington, and 1914-1917 Mount Lassen, California, eruptions. Richness and evenness remain unchanged in Lassen. MSH saw an immediate drop in richness followed by an increase over five years to pre-eruptive levels. Chord distance analysis suggests no long-term change in the Lassen fauna. The pre- and post-MSH fauna are different from one another. The post-eruptive fauna was more similar to neighboring regions. Lastly, I tested whether the Oligocene horse Miohippus demonstrated morphological changes across the volcanic Picture Gorge ignimbrite (PGI; 29.069 Ma) in the John Day Formation of Oregon. Variation in upper and lower teeth was first tested to define a single species in the assemblage. Length, width, and wear of teeth were compared across the PGI and there were no significant differences between pre- and post-PGI assemblages. It is clear from my results that larger eruptions tend to have a greater impact on mammalian community recovery than smaller eruptions, but ultimately, mammalian populations are robust and the presence of neighboring communities is important for recolonizing devastated areas. There are two supplemental files associated with this dissertation, a CSV file of raw data downloaded for Chapter III and an excel file of raw data and coefficient of variation calculations for Chapter IV. This dissertation includes both unpublished and co-authored material. Advisors/Committee Members: Davis, Edward (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Ecology; Evolutionary biology; Morphology; Reproductive strategies; Variation; Volcano ecology

…1 II. HOW DOES DIET AND BODY MASS DRIVE REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES IN MAMMALS… …strategies are impacted by volcanic events, I explore the relationship between reproductive… …to explore disturbance ecology in mammals, but reproductive strategies have only been… …some basic tests as a proof-ofconcept. The quantified reproductive strategies for each… …now estimate the reproductive strategies of fossil taxa within an evolutionary context, as…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Famoso, N. (2017). Mammalian Community Recovery from Volcanic Eruptions in the Cenozoic of North America. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oregon. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22795

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Famoso, Nicholas. “Mammalian Community Recovery from Volcanic Eruptions in the Cenozoic of North America.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oregon. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22795.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Famoso, Nicholas. “Mammalian Community Recovery from Volcanic Eruptions in the Cenozoic of North America.” 2017. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Famoso N. Mammalian Community Recovery from Volcanic Eruptions in the Cenozoic of North America. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oregon; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22795.

Council of Science Editors:

Famoso N. Mammalian Community Recovery from Volcanic Eruptions in the Cenozoic of North America. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oregon; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22795

University of Queensland

23. Corvalan, Paloma Alexandra. The fitness consequences of sociability in eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus).

Degree: School of Biological Sciences, 2020, University of Queensland

URL: http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:1

Subjects/Keywords: Kangaroo; Sociability; Reproductive strategies; Reproductive success; Survival; Hormones; Stress; Testosterone; 0602 Ecology; 0608 Zoology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Corvalan, P. A. (2020). The fitness consequences of sociability in eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus). (Thesis). University of Queensland. Retrieved from http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:1

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Corvalan, Paloma Alexandra. “The fitness consequences of sociability in eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus).” 2020. Thesis, University of Queensland. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:1.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Corvalan, Paloma Alexandra. “The fitness consequences of sociability in eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus).” 2020. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Corvalan PA. The fitness consequences of sociability in eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus). [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Queensland; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:1.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Corvalan PA. The fitness consequences of sociability in eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus). [Thesis]. University of Queensland; 2020. Available from: http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:1

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

24. Bruno Gorini de Araújo Passos Pacheco. História de vida das fêmeas de três espécies de Poeciliidae de um riacho costeiro da Mata Atlântica.

Degree: Master, 2013, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

URL: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4942 ;

► A teoria da história de vida é uma importante ferramenta para entender diferenças nas estratégias reprodutivas entre populações sob diferentes condições ambientais e para a… (more)

▼ A teoria da história de vida é uma importante ferramenta para entender diferenças nas estratégias reprodutivas entre populações sob diferentes condições ambientais e para a inferência das possíveis adaptações locais. Os poecilídeos são excelentes modelos para estudos sobre a divergência da história de vida entre populações devido às suas peculiaridades reprodutivas baseadas em diferentes graus de viviparidade, respostas rápidas às condições ambientais, reprodução continuada e curto tempo de geração. Considerando que Phalloceros harpagos, Poecilia vivipara e Poecilia reticulata - três espécies de poecilídeos encontrados no rio Ubatiba, no município de Maricá, Rio de Janeiro - apresentam populações pouco móveis e compartilham dietas semelhantes, a competição por recursos alimentares pode influenciar bastante a história de vida dessas espécies em áreas onde as mesmas coocorrem. As coletas foram realizadas em seis localidades do rio Ubatiba, as quais foram selecionadas pelo padrão de ocorrência das espécies de poecilídeos. Para comparação das histórias de vida das três espécies, foram analisados o comprimento padrão, o tamanho da primeira maturação, o peso total, o índice gonadossomático (IGS), o tamanho da ninhada, e a presença ou ausência de superfetação. Com intuito de aferir as adaptações nas características da história de vida de cada espécie de acordo com a localidade, foram separados os dados das espécies, e então, comparadas as localidades. Além das características citadas, analisou-se também a presença ou ausência de matrotrofia. As análises de correlação demonstraram que o tamanho da fêmea influencia o peso total, o investimento reprodutivo e o tamanho da ninhada das espécies estudadas. As fêmeas grávidas de P. vivipara apresentaram os maiores valores de comprimento padrão, tamanho da primeira maturação, peso total, IGS e tamanho das ninhadas, entre as três espécies. As características da história de vida de P. reticulata exibiram semelhanças ora com P. harpagos (comprimento padrão, tamanho da primeira maturação e peso total), ora com P. vivipara (IGS). O tamanho das ninhadas diferiu significativamente entre as espécies. A superfetação esteve presente entre 12-15% das fêmeas grávidas das três espécies de poecilídeos. A análise das características da história de vida de P. harpagos de acordo com a localidade mostrou que o tamanho, peso, IGS e tamanho da ninhada das fêmeas estão intimamente relacionados à ocorrência de outros poecilídeos. As fêmeas de P. vivipara também apresentaram variações de IGS e tamanho da ninhada ligadas à coocorrência, contudo, não mostraram diferenças de tamanho e peso de acordo com a localidade. Já P. reticulata apresentou diferença de peso, IGS e tamanho da ninhada em relação à ocorrência das outras espécies, mas de tamanho não. Observou-se, para as três espécies, a presença concomitante de superfetação e matrotrofia, e houve indícios de que a variação dos graus de matrotrofia foi influenciada pelos diferentes padrões de ocorrência. Os poecilídeos apresentaram uma variedade de padrões… Advisors/Committee Members: Míriam Plaza Pinto, Erica Maria Pellegrini Caramaschi, Eugenia Zandonà, Ana Cristina Petry, Rosana Mazzoni Buchas.

Subjects/Keywords: História de Vida; Poeciliidae; Plasticidade Fenotípica; Estratégias Reprodutivas; Superfetação; Matrotrofia; Mata Atlântica; Life-history; Poeciliidae; Phenotypic plasticity; Reproductive Strategies; Superfetation; Matrotrophy; Atlantic Forest; ECOLOGIA APLICADA; Peixe - Reprodução - Maricá (RJ); Barrigudinho(Peixe) - Reprodução - Maricá (RJ); Poeciliidae; Viviparidade; Mata Atlântica

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Pacheco, B. G. d. A. P. (2013). História de vida das fêmeas de três espécies de Poeciliidae de um riacho costeiro da Mata Atlântica. (Masters Thesis). Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Retrieved from http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4942 ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pacheco, Bruno Gorini de Araújo Passos. “História de vida das fêmeas de três espécies de Poeciliidae de um riacho costeiro da Mata Atlântica.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4942 ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pacheco, Bruno Gorini de Araújo Passos. “História de vida das fêmeas de três espécies de Poeciliidae de um riacho costeiro da Mata Atlântica.” 2013. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Pacheco BGdAP. História de vida das fêmeas de três espécies de Poeciliidae de um riacho costeiro da Mata Atlântica. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4942 ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Pacheco BGdAP. História de vida das fêmeas de três espécies de Poeciliidae de um riacho costeiro da Mata Atlântica. [Masters Thesis]. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; 2013. Available from: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4942 ;

25. Plot, Virginie. Caractéristiques maternelles, performances et stratégies de reproduction des tortues marines de Guyane : Maternal characteristics, reproductive output and reproductive strategies in sea turtles of French Guiana.

Degree: Docteur es, Ecologie-éthologie, 2012, Université de Strasbourg

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAJ100

►

Les organismes font face à des compromis entre leur reproduction, leur maintenance et leur survie, dont découlent des stratégies adaptatives énergétiques, comportementales et écologiques.Ce travail… (more)

▼

Les organismes font face à des compromis entre leur reproduction, leur maintenance et leur survie, dont découlent des stratégies adaptatives énergétiques, comportementales et écologiques.Ce travail de thèse propose de préciser les stratégies de reproduction chez la tortue luth Dermochelys coriacea nidifiant en Guyane. Nous avons étudié les caractéristiques maternelles, les performances de reproduction et les potentiels liens existants entre la migration et la reproduction chez une population d’individus d’identité connue, suivis grâce à un suivi longitudinal original combinant biométrie, physiologie et biologie moléculaire.Premièrement nous montrons que les tortues luth opèrent comme des reproducteurs sur capital, i.e., leur reproduction repose sur les ressources stockées sous forme de réserves corporelles pendant la migration précédant la saison de ponte. D’autre part, nous suggérons que les femelles ajustent la durée de leur migration en fonction des conditions océanographiques rencontrées pendant la migration. Ceci leur permettrait, à l’échelle de la vie, de répondre au compromis entre la reproduction en cours et les reproductions futures. Enfin, notre démarche souligne l’importance de prendre en compte les caractéristiques individuelles dans la compréhension des stratégies de reproduction, et de manière ultime pour l’établissement de modèles réalistes de la dynamique des populations, notamment dans le cas d’espèces emblématiques telles que les tortues marines.

Organisms face trade-offs between their reproduction, maintenance and survival, from which result adaptative strategies at the energetics, behavioural and ecological levels.This PhD work investigates the reproductive strategies used by leatherback turtles, Dermochelys coriacea, nesting in French Guiana. We investigated maternal characteristics, reproductive output, and the possible links between migration and reproduction in a population of known identity, studied through a unique longitudinal monitoring, based on complementary approaches combining biometry, physiology and molecular biology.First, we found that leatherback turtles are capital breeders, i.e. females’ reproductive output displayed during their nesting season relies on body reserves previously stored during their migration. Second, we suggested that leatherback females adjust the duration of the migration according to the oceanographic conditions they experienced during migration. At a lifetime scale, this may allow females to face the trade-off between current and future reproductions. Finally, our approach highlights the importance to take into account individual characteristics in order to better understand reproductive strategies, and further assess realistic models of population dynamics, particularly when considering emblematic species such as sea turtles.

Advisors/Committee Members: Gaspar, Philippe (thesis director).

Subjects/Keywords: Tortues marines; Stratégies de reproduction; Compromis; Tortue luth; Dermochelys coriacea; Suivi longitudinal; Biométrie; Physiologie; Télomères; Reproduction sur capital; Modes de migration; Conditions environnementales; Sea turtles; Reproductive strategies; Trade-offs; Leatherback turtle; Dermochelys coriacea; Longitudinal monitoring; Biometry; Physiology; Telomeres; Capital breeder; Migration’s patterns; Environmental conditions; 577.7; 591.56

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Plot, V. (2012). Caractéristiques maternelles, performances et stratégies de reproduction des tortues marines de Guyane : Maternal characteristics, reproductive output and reproductive strategies in sea turtles of French Guiana. (Doctoral Dissertation). Université de Strasbourg. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAJ100

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Plot, Virginie. “Caractéristiques maternelles, performances et stratégies de reproduction des tortues marines de Guyane : Maternal characteristics, reproductive output and reproductive strategies in sea turtles of French Guiana.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Université de Strasbourg. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAJ100.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Plot, Virginie. “Caractéristiques maternelles, performances et stratégies de reproduction des tortues marines de Guyane : Maternal characteristics, reproductive output and reproductive strategies in sea turtles of French Guiana.” 2012. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Plot V. Caractéristiques maternelles, performances et stratégies de reproduction des tortues marines de Guyane : Maternal characteristics, reproductive output and reproductive strategies in sea turtles of French Guiana. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Université de Strasbourg; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAJ100.

Council of Science Editors:

Plot V. Caractéristiques maternelles, performances et stratégies de reproduction des tortues marines de Guyane : Maternal characteristics, reproductive output and reproductive strategies in sea turtles of French Guiana. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Université de Strasbourg; 2012. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAJ100

26. Grunst, Andrea Sue. Condition-Dependence, Reproductive Strategies, and the Information Content of Multiple Sexual Pigments in the Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia).

Degree: Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, 2013, University of California – Riverside

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1930z4fj

► Sexual ornaments and reproductive behaviors represent life history investments, whose expression trades off against other allocation options. Thus, levels of sexual ornamentation may not always… (more)

▼ Sexual ornaments and reproductive behaviors represent life history investments, whose expression trades off against other allocation options. Thus, levels of sexual ornamentation may not always positively correlate with metrics of condition, performance, and fitness. Further, diversity in allocation strategy may select for multifaceted sexual displays in which some ornaments signal allocation strategy, whereas others signal individual quality. In this dissertation, I use the yellow warbler (Setophaga petechia) as a model species to explore whether carotenoid- and phaeomelanin-based sexual pigmentation play distinct or complementary roles in signaling individual condition, oxidative stress, and condition-dependent parental capacity, versus reproductive allocation strategy. Past research has suggested that carotenoid-based pigmentation is highly condition-dependent and linked to antioxidant defenses, whereas melanin-based pigmentation signals differences in reproductive strategy. However, others have suggested that this dichotomous view of the two pigment types is overly simplistic. I performed an intensive field study to achieve my research objectives. I quantified pigmentation using reflectance spectrometry and digital photography, used feather quality to indirectly quantify condition at molt, assayed oxidative stress across two populations, and video-recorded nests to measure reproductive behavior. Finally, I employed microsatellite-based paternity analysis to quantify reproductive success. This research yielded the following important conclusions. First, the condition-dependence and overall expression of carotenoid pigmentation was age-dependent, whereas melanin pigmentation displayed age-independent expression and correlated with condition metrics across age classes. These results suggest that multifaceted sexual displays may maintain reliable signaling of individual quality across age classes, suggesting an underexplored age-dependent mechanism for maintenance of multifaceted displays. Second, contrary to predictions, carotenoid-based pigmentation was not more strongly associated with condition metrics than melanin-based pigmentation in yellow warblers. Rather, in males, melanin-based pigmentation was more consistently linked to condition at molt, good oxidative status, and paternal performance, although both types of pigmentation affected patterns of extrapair paternity. Thus, results are contrary to dichotomous signaling functions of carotenoid- versus melanin-based pigmentation. Finally, highly melanic male warblers adjusted patterns of mating and paternal effort across the nesting cycle, suggesting that behavioral flexibility may be an underappreciated mechanism by which highly ornamented males ameliorate reproductive tradeoffs between mating and paternal performance.

Subjects/Keywords: Animal behavior; Carotenoid pigmentation; Melanin pigmentation; Oxidative stress; Parental behavior; Reproductive strategies; Sexual ornamentation

…Condition-Dependence, Reproductive Strategies, and the Information Content of Multiple Sexual… …257 ! xvii Condition-Dependence, Reproductive Strategies, and the Information Content of… …sexual selection complicate reproductive strategies and life histories, leading to competition… …sexual pigmentation, individual condition and oxidative stress, and reproductive strategies in… …reproductive allocation strategies, and this hypothesis has been explicitly proposed for the yellow…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Grunst, A. S. (2013). Condition-Dependence, Reproductive Strategies, and the Information Content of Multiple Sexual Pigments in the Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia). (Thesis). University of California – Riverside. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1930z4fj

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Grunst, Andrea Sue. “Condition-Dependence, Reproductive Strategies, and the Information Content of Multiple Sexual Pigments in the Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia).” 2013. Thesis, University of California – Riverside. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1930z4fj.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Grunst, Andrea Sue. “Condition-Dependence, Reproductive Strategies, and the Information Content of Multiple Sexual Pigments in the Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia).” 2013. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Grunst AS. Condition-Dependence, Reproductive Strategies, and the Information Content of Multiple Sexual Pigments in the Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia). [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Riverside; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1930z4fj.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Grunst AS. Condition-Dependence, Reproductive Strategies, and the Information Content of Multiple Sexual Pigments in the Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia). [Thesis]. University of California – Riverside; 2013. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1930z4fj

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Vienna

27. Sonnweber, Ruth-Sophie. Physiological and cognitive determinants of behavior in primate societies.

Degree: 2015, University of Vienna

URL: http://othes.univie.ac.at/37480/

►

Eine Vielzahl der bekannten Primatenarten leben in sozialen Verbänden. Gruppenleben bringt Vorteile mit sich, stellt Individuen aber auch vor neue Herausforderungen. Daher entwickelten sich Anpassungen… (more)

▼

Eine Vielzahl der bekannten Primatenarten leben in sozialen Verbänden. Gruppenleben bringt Vorteile mit sich, stellt Individuen aber auch vor neue Herausforderungen. Daher entwickelten sich Anpassungen an die besonderen Umstände gemeinsam mit verschiedenen sozialen Systemen, die wir in den heutigen Primatenarten finden. Diese Anpassungen betreffen nicht lediglich das Sozialverhalten sondern spiegeln sich auch in physiologischen und kognitiven Bereichen wider. So finden wir in despotischen Arten andere Zusammenhänge zwischen sozialen Verhaltensmustern und physiologischen Stressparametern als beispielsweise in eher relaxten verwandten Arten. Männchen und Weibchen setzen soziales Verhalten in geschlechtsspezifischer Weise als reproduktive Strategien ein. Aber auch kognitive Fähigkeiten wurden durch das Gruppenleben verändert. Einerseits eröffnete es die Möglichkeit, dass Individuen voneinander lernen, was dazu führt, dass erworbene Fähigkeiten und Wissen innerhalb einer Population erhalten bleiben können. Andererseits müssen sozial lebende Tiere komplexe Strukturen über lange Zeiträume erkennen und sich merken um erfolgreich im Gruppenleben sein zu können. Dieser evolutionäre Druck könnte dazu geführt haben, dass flexible kognitive Fähigkeiten entstanden, die nicht nur im sozial-kognitiven Bereich eingesetzt werden sondern auch abstraktere kognitive Bereiche beeinflussen.

Primate sociality, especially living in large groups of unrelated individuals, has strongly shaped and coevolved with primate behavioral, physiological, and cognitive traits, leading to primates’ ability to cope with increasingly complex (social) environments. In addition to the challenges of mating and raising young that typify all mammals, the additional challenges associated with primate group living affect not only the social realm of an individual’s life, but extend to other aspects, such as long- term relationships with potential mates and cognitive mechanisms to cope with and maintain multiple relationships. The resulting adaptive strategies to sociality are as diverse as the various social systems of different primate species. Differences in social style not only impact the behavior of individuals but also their coping mechanisms with the physiological stress that can accompany group living. In the relatively relaxed society of Barbary macaques, we found rank-dependent grooming patterns connected to physiological stress alleviation, whereas in despotic species focusing grooming on few selected partners was associated with low physiological stress levels across the dominance hierarchy. Social behavior is also integrated into mating tactics: the type of copulation that occurred (either with or lacking male ejaculation) influences male and female post-copulatory grooming. These grooming patterns can be explained by sex-specific mating strategies. Despite, or rather because of, the extraordinary demands associated with sociality, novel cognitive abilities have also emerged in primates and other group-living vertebrates. For…

Subjects/Keywords: 42.18 Physiologie der Enzyme, Hormone, Sekrete; 42.21 Evolution; 42.42 Fortpflanzung, Entwicklung; 42.63 Tierphysiologie; 42.66 Ethologie; soziale Systeme / Netzwerke / Sozialverhalten / Glukokortikoide / Reproduktionsverhalten / soziales Lernen / Musterlernen; social systems / networks / social behavior / glucocorticoides / physiological stress / mating / reproductive strategies / social learning / teaching / pattern learning / social origin hypothesis / cross-modal / adaptive / fitness

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Sonnweber, R. (2015). Physiological and cognitive determinants of behavior in primate societies. (Thesis). University of Vienna. Retrieved from http://othes.univie.ac.at/37480/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sonnweber, Ruth-Sophie. “Physiological and cognitive determinants of behavior in primate societies.” 2015. Thesis, University of Vienna. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://othes.univie.ac.at/37480/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sonnweber, Ruth-Sophie. “Physiological and cognitive determinants of behavior in primate societies.” 2015. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Sonnweber R. Physiological and cognitive determinants of behavior in primate societies. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Vienna; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://othes.univie.ac.at/37480/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Sonnweber R. Physiological and cognitive determinants of behavior in primate societies. [Thesis]. University of Vienna; 2015. Available from: http://othes.univie.ac.at/37480/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

28. Berlincourt, Maud. Foraging strategies and reproductive success in two sympatric seabird species: influence of environmental variability.

Degree: 2015, Deakin University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30079087

► This work focused on flexibility in foraging strategies in little penguins and short-tailed shearwaters, which represents an important mechanism enabling them to cope with highly… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: little penguins; short-tailed shearwaters; foraging strategies; Bass Strait; climate change; reproductive success

…Inter-annual comparison of mean (± SD) reproductive parameters of little penguins… …annual comparison of mean (± SD) reproductive parameters of short-tailed shearwaters… …sexual maturity, many small young, a short life and large reproductive effort (r-selected… …more by changes in distribution or reproductive output, than by changes in survival. Life… …history theory predicts that increased current reproductive effort should lead to future fitness…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Berlincourt, M. (2015). Foraging strategies and reproductive success in two sympatric seabird species: influence of environmental variability. (Thesis). Deakin University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30079087

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Berlincourt, Maud. “Foraging strategies and reproductive success in two sympatric seabird species: influence of environmental variability.” 2015. Thesis, Deakin University. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30079087.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Berlincourt, Maud. “Foraging strategies and reproductive success in two sympatric seabird species: influence of environmental variability.” 2015. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Berlincourt M. Foraging strategies and reproductive success in two sympatric seabird species: influence of environmental variability. [Internet] [Thesis]. Deakin University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30079087.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Berlincourt M. Foraging strategies and reproductive success in two sympatric seabird species: influence of environmental variability. [Thesis]. Deakin University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30079087

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

29. Callaghan, David. Spawning habitat and reproductive strategies of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in a northern boreal lake.

Degree: Biological Sciences, 2015, University of Manitoba

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31123

► Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) have a broad distribution across Canada’s north, yet most studies that describe reproductive habitat and behaviour have been conducted in the… (more)

▼ Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) have a broad distribution across Canada’s north, yet most studies that describe reproductive habitat and behaviour have been conducted in the southern extent of their range. Northern regions are experiencing unprecedented changes from climate and industrial development, and thus there is a pressing need to understand the reproductive habitat and behaviour of this species. I examined a dozen sites around Alexie Lake, Northwest Territories, to test if physical habitat and wind exposure were important determinants of spawning site use and embryonic survival. Spawning was found to occur in ~2 m water depth, on 3–15 cm diameter clean substrate on the leading edge of shoals that ended in a rock crib rising abruptly in nearshore regions around the lake. Wind direction was predominantly from the west, although it was highly variable within and among spawning seasons. I found evidence of lake trout spawning at each site examined, which was not limited to shoals facing a predominant wind direction. High variation in embryonic survival (2–83%) from incubation trays was observed among spawning sites, demonstrating a large gradient in habitat quality exists within a given lake. However, modelled wind exposure did not predict embryonic survival, nor did physical characteristics - including shoal depth and slope, as well as cobble size and shape - that may influence interstitial water flow on spawning shoals. Using an acoustic telemetry monitoring system and novel spatial temporal clustering analysis, I was able to quantify lake trout spawning movements and behaviours over the course of an entire spawning season. Lake trout formed clusters on spawning shoals around the entire nearshore region, as well as around several islands, confirming that suitable spawning habitat is abundant in Alexie Lake. Males arrived on spawning shoals earlier than females and remained longer for a maximum of 25 consecutive days; females occupied spawning shoals for a maximum of 8 consecutive days over the course of the spawning season. Males formed over four times as many spawning clusters and visited twice as many sites than females. Spawning clusters were predominantly formed at night but were also observed during daylight hours, especially during the peak spawning season (September 9–19). I found males had higher activity rates, and spent longer periods on spawning shoals, than females, in spite of similar daily travel distances between sexes. Overall, my findings challenge the conventional role of wind as a predominant predictor of lake trout spawning site quality. I propose that the unpredictable nature of wind and abundance of suitable habitat may favour lake-wide spawning by lake trout as a bet-hedging strategy in northern lakes with limited fetch. Advisors/Committee Members: Blanchfield, Paul (Biological Sciences) (supervisor), Hare, James (Biological Sciences) Manseau, Micheline (Natural Resource Institute).

Subjects/Keywords: Lake trout; Reproductive strategies; Habitat quality; Spatial temporal clustering; Behaviour; Telemetry; Spawning

…2.4 Discussion Chapter 3: Lake Trout Reproductive Strategies 31 40 3.1 Introduction 41… …array of reproductive strategies are employed by various species across the animal kingdom… …of resources and mates (Emlen and Oring, 1977). Reproductive strategies will… …x28;Emlen and Oring, 1977). 1.2 Reproductive strategies of Salmonine fishes The… …reproductive strategies along with within-system diversity, such as partial migration where a…

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Callaghan, D. (2015). Spawning habitat and reproductive strategies of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in a northern boreal lake. (Masters Thesis). University of Manitoba. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31123

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Callaghan, David. “Spawning habitat and reproductive strategies of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in a northern boreal lake.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Manitoba. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31123.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Callaghan, David. “Spawning habitat and reproductive strategies of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in a northern boreal lake.” 2015. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Callaghan D. Spawning habitat and reproductive strategies of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in a northern boreal lake. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Manitoba; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31123.

Council of Science Editors:

Callaghan D. Spawning habitat and reproductive strategies of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in a northern boreal lake. [Masters Thesis]. University of Manitoba; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31123

30. Öhman, Eleonor. Mannens och kvinnans copingstrategier vid infertilitet : En systematisk litteraturstudie.

Degree: Human Sciences, 2009, University of Kalmar

URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-1887

Subjects/Keywords: Infertility; Couple; Coping; Coping strategies; Adjustment; Gender differences; Reproductive and perinatal care; Reproduktiv och perinatal omvårdnad

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APA (6^th Edition):

Öhman, E. (2009). Mannens och kvinnans copingstrategier vid infertilitet : En systematisk litteraturstudie. (Thesis). University of Kalmar. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-1887

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Öhman, Eleonor. “Mannens och kvinnans copingstrategier vid infertilitet : En systematisk litteraturstudie.” 2009. Thesis, University of Kalmar. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-1887.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Öhman, Eleonor. “Mannens och kvinnans copingstrategier vid infertilitet : En systematisk litteraturstudie.” 2009. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Öhman E. Mannens och kvinnans copingstrategier vid infertilitet : En systematisk litteraturstudie. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Kalmar; 2009. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-1887.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Öhman E. Mannens och kvinnans copingstrategier vid infertilitet : En systematisk litteraturstudie. [Thesis]. University of Kalmar; 2009. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-1887

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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