subject:(Renewable biobased substitutes of petroleum products)

1. Ντόντος, Γεώργιος. Επιπτώσεις ανανεώσιμων υποκατάστατων στη λιπαντική ικανότητα, την οξειδωτική συμπεριφορά και το μικροβιακό φορτίο των πετρελαιοειδών.

Degree: 2013, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA); Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο (ΕΜΠ)

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/37606

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The present thesis concerns with the study of biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters) and biolubricants (fatty acid trimethylolpropane esters) which constitute renewable alternatives of conventional… (more)

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The present thesis concerns with the study of biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters) and biolubricants (fatty acid trimethylolpropane esters) which constitute renewable alternatives of conventional diesel fuel and mineral oils respectively. The aim is to investigate the effects of the above biobased products on fundamental quality parameters such as lubricity, oxidation characteristics and microbial stability. The first part of the study copes with the behavior of biodiesel regarding oxidation and lubricating properties. Oxidation stability was evaluated by employing both the Rancimat and the recently standardized RSSOT unit, while a comparative assessment of these two methods was carried out. It was found that the oxidative deterioration of biodiesel fuel impacts key properties such as viscosity, density and acid value. Moreover it negatively affects the lubricating characteristics of the diesel-biodiesel blend, and the influence is more profound at high concentrations. Compatibility issues of biodiesel with commonly utilized metals in the fuel supply chain were also examined. Of the metals tested, all - except of steel - act as pro-oxidants, whereas the relative activity is also dependant on the type of biodiesel.The second part focuses on the microbiological growth study of diesel-biodiesel blends. The introduction of biodiesel to the diesel fuel supply chain affects the microbial stability of the blend and favors microbiological proliferation. Experimental data show that higher level of microbial contamination is detected on samples with increased biodiesel concentration. Microbial stability is also affected by the type/properties of biodiesel as well as its source material. Furthermore, the minimization of the sulfur content in petroleum diesel seems to allow enhanced microbial activity. Finally microbial growth can affect the oxidation stability and the acidity of biodiesel fuels.The synthesis and assessment of biobased lubricants is examined in the third part of this thesis. Several renewable materials - mainly of domestic origin - were employed as feedstock for the production of fatty acid timethylolpropane esters. The corresponding results indicate that the synthesized oleochemical esters could be utilized as renewable substitutes of conventional mineral oils in order to formulate lubricants for special and environmentally sensitive applications. Furthermore, biolubricants with significantly improved thermal and oxidative characteristics were synthesized by employing an alternative alkaline catalyst. In general, the production of high added value commodities, such as biolubricants, through the exploitation of local raw material can contribute to the vertical organization of the economy, providing the prospects of rural and industrial development within the framework of sustainability.

Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή επικεντρώνεται στη μελέτη του βιοντήζελ (μεθυλεστέρες λιπαρών οξέων) και των βιολιπαντικών (τριμεθυλοπροπυλεστέρες λιπαρών οξέων) που συνιστούν ανανεώσιμα υποκατάστατα του πετρελαίου ντήζελ και…

Subjects/Keywords: Ανανεώσιμα υποκατάστατα πετρελαιοειδών; Βιοντήζελ; Βιολιπαντικά; Μεθυλεστέρες λιπαρών οξέων; ΤΜΡ εστέρες λιπαρών οξέων; Λιπαντική ικανότητα; Οξειδωτική σταθερότητα; Μικροβιακή ανάπτυξη στην εφοδιαστική αλυσίδα καυσίμων; Renewable biobased substitutes of petroleum products; Biodiesel; Biolubricants; Fatty acid methyl esters; Fatty acid TMP esters; Lubricity; Oxidation stability; Microbial growth in the fuel supply chain

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ντόντος, . �. (2013). Επιπτώσεις ανανεώσιμων υποκατάστατων στη λιπαντική ικανότητα, την οξειδωτική συμπεριφορά και το μικροβιακό φορτίο των πετρελαιοειδών. (Thesis). National Technical University of Athens (NTUA); Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο (ΕΜΠ). Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/37606

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ντόντος, Γεώργιος. “Επιπτώσεις ανανεώσιμων υποκατάστατων στη λιπαντική ικανότητα, την οξειδωτική συμπεριφορά και το μικροβιακό φορτίο των πετρελαιοειδών.” 2013. Thesis, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA); Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο (ΕΜΠ). Accessed December 05, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/37606.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ντόντος, Γεώργιος. “Επιπτώσεις ανανεώσιμων υποκατάστατων στη λιπαντική ικανότητα, την οξειδωτική συμπεριφορά και το μικροβιακό φορτίο των πετρελαιοειδών.” 2013. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Ντόντος �. Επιπτώσεις ανανεώσιμων υποκατάστατων στη λιπαντική ικανότητα, την οξειδωτική συμπεριφορά και το μικροβιακό φορτίο των πετρελαιοειδών. [Internet] [Thesis]. National Technical University of Athens (NTUA); Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο (ΕΜΠ); 2013. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/37606.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ντόντος �. Επιπτώσεις ανανεώσιμων υποκατάστατων στη λιπαντική ικανότητα, την οξειδωτική συμπεριφορά και το μικροβιακό φορτίο των πετρελαιοειδών. [Thesis]. National Technical University of Athens (NTUA); Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο (ΕΜΠ); 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/37606

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Portland State University

2. Al-Ajmi, Fahed M. The Determinants of OPEC Market Share Stability.

Degree: PhD, Urban Studies and Planning, 1990, Portland State University

URL: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1189

► The objectives of this dissertation are to explain the production behavior of OPEC's member countries from 1971 to 1987 and to determine whether there… (more)

▼ The objectives of this dissertation are to explain the production behavior of OPEC's member countries from 1971 to 1987 and to determine whether there was any structural shift in OPEC's production behavior after the organization attempted to assign a quota to each member. This study focused on political and social as well as economic variables, in order to overcome the misspecification of previous models. In order to achieve the above objectives, the study used the following four models, with modifications: the cartel, competitive, target revenue, and property rights models. The double log multiple linear regression technique was used to operationalize the cartel, competitive, and target revenue models; simple linear regression was used to estimate the property rights model. The cartel model was based not only on economic variables but also on social and political variables. The internal political instability of each OPEC country was measured by the number of armed attacks within the country. The structural shift in OPEC's production behavior between the 1971-1982 period and the 1983-1987 period was evaluated using the Chow-test. The Chow-test showed no significant difference between these two periods for OPEC overall or for individual members. Thus, the two periods were combined so that the study was performed for the entire 1971-1987 period. Because this period of analysis was relatively short, alternative models were applied to pool the data and thereby increase the reliability of the model estimates. A cross-sectional correlated and time-wise auto-regressive model (CCTA) was selected to pool the data and to estimate OPEC's production coefficients. Then each individual OPEC member's production model was estimated and compared to the pooled model. The results indicate that OPEC behaved as a cartel, and that a partial market-sharing hypothesis was significant for all 11 OPEC members. These findings indicate that OPEC was a loose cartel, with only partially effective cooperation on production decisions. Political instability was found to be significant (at the 10-percent level) overall, and it negatively affected production. It was also significant at the 5-percent level for the price-pusher group (Iran, Venezuela, and Algeria). This group was also the only one pooled using least squares with dummy variables (LSDV), because of its common slope and different intercepts. Overall results suggest that OPEC members were basing their production decisions on crude oil prices, excess production capacity, and each member's share of total OPEC output. Advisors/Committee Members: James G. Strathman.

Subjects/Keywords: Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries; Petroleum industry and trade; Petroleum products – Prices

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Al-Ajmi, F. M. (1990). The Determinants of OPEC Market Share Stability. (Doctoral Dissertation). Portland State University. Retrieved from https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1189

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Al-Ajmi, Fahed M. “The Determinants of OPEC Market Share Stability.” 1990. Doctoral Dissertation, Portland State University. Accessed December 05, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1189.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Al-Ajmi, Fahed M. “The Determinants of OPEC Market Share Stability.” 1990. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Al-Ajmi FM. The Determinants of OPEC Market Share Stability. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Portland State University; 1990. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1189.

Council of Science Editors:

Al-Ajmi FM. The Determinants of OPEC Market Share Stability. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Portland State University; 1990. Available from: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1189

3. Whistance, Jarrett. Three essays on the links between agriculture and energy policies in the U.S.

Degree: 2012, University of Missouri – Columbia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10355/33114

► The first essay develops and applies a structural, partial equilibrium model of United States biomass supply and demand. The aim is to examine the biomass… (more)

▼ The first essay develops and applies a structural, partial equilibrium model of United States biomass supply and demand. The aim is to examine the biomass price and expenditure effects of domestic biofuel policies. The results indicate that the cellulosic biofuel sub-mandate alone could increase biomass prices by an average of 50% to 100% over the baseline values. Biomass expenditures by sectors competing with biofuel producers increase by an average of 26% relative to the baseline suggesting those sectors cannot fully shift away from biomass energy sources. A sensitivity analysis focusing on supply response indicates that the results are not very sensitive to the supply elasticity. This study contributes to the literature by providing policymakers and other energy policy stakeholders with a forward looking analysis of potential policy effects on the U.S. biomass market. The second essay develops a similar type of model applied toward the domestic and international petroleum and petroleum products markets as well as the domestic biofuel market and the domestic light-duty vehicle sector. The goal is to investigate the impact of CAFE standards and alternative-fuel vehicle production incentives on the biofuel market and RFS compliance, in particular. The results suggest that holding CAFE standards at the 2010 level could significantly reduce the blendwall problem in the U.S. ethanol market. Furthermore, the alternative fuel production incentives appear to have only minimal effects. However, there is much uncertainty surrounding the appropriate level of automaker response to those incentives, and a sensitivity analysis indicates the model is fairly sensitive to the assumed level of response. The third essay highlights a few of the theories put forth regarding the expected price behavior of Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs). The theories are tested both observationally and empirically with a dataset containing daily RIN price observations going back to January 2009. The behavior does not always match expectations, although the exact causes remain uncertain. In addition, the information provided by RIN prices is used to test the implications of a binding renewable fuel standard (RFS) versus a non-binding RFS on the ethanol-gasoline price relationship. Cointegration tests provide some evidence that the relationship between conventional ethanol and gasoline prices at the wholesale level is weaker in the presence of a binding RFS. Advisors/Committee Members: Thompson, Wyatt (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: biomass market; petroleum products market; Renewable Identification Numbers; price behavior

…domestic and international petroleum and petroleum products markets as well as the domestic… …expected price behavior of Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs). The theories are… …used to test the implications of a binding renewable fuel standard (RFS) versus a… …forms of biomass-based energy to the forefront of the renewable energy discussion. Although… …Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 , most well-known for the renewable fuel…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Whistance, J. (2012). Three essays on the links between agriculture and energy policies in the U.S. (Thesis). University of Missouri – Columbia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10355/33114

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Whistance, Jarrett. “Three essays on the links between agriculture and energy policies in the U.S.” 2012. Thesis, University of Missouri – Columbia. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/33114.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Whistance, Jarrett. “Three essays on the links between agriculture and energy policies in the U.S.” 2012. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Whistance J. Three essays on the links between agriculture and energy policies in the U.S. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Missouri – Columbia; 2012. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10355/33114.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Whistance J. Three essays on the links between agriculture and energy policies in the U.S. [Thesis]. University of Missouri – Columbia; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10355/33114

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Hawaii – Manoa

4. Takara, Devin T. Green processing of napier grass for generation of biofuel and biobased products.

Degree: 2016, University of Hawaii – Manoa

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/100804

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Ph.D. University of Hawaii at Manoa 2012.

Napier grass, Pennisetum purpureum, is a high yielding perennial C-4 grass that has been naturalized in Hawaiʻi and… (more)

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Ph.D. University of Hawaii at Manoa 2012.

Napier grass, Pennisetum purpureum, is a high yielding perennial C-4 grass that has been naturalized in Hawaiʻi and resembles the former staple crop of the state, sugarcane. Because of its high moisture content, Napier grass presents a unique and relatively unexplored opportunity for fractionation into solid and liquid components via green processing. The resulting clean, solid fibers can serve as a substrate for (advanced) biofuel production, while the nutrient-rich liquids (juice) can serve as a supplemental additive for diverse microbial co-products generation. The recalcitrant lignocellulosic fibers of Napier grass contain structural carbohydrates which require pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification to release monomeric sugars for fermentation into biofuels. In this study, the effects of dilute acid pretreatment on structural carbohydrate release of Napier grass were investigated for the first time. The optimal conditions for green processed Napier grass were determined to be 5% (w/w) sulfuric acid, 120°C, 45 minutes; producing near theoretical xylose yields and ~85% of the glucose from hemicellulose and cellulose, respectively. Preliminary trials of high value co-product generation were successful in cultivating protein-rich fungal biomass, Rhizopus oligosporus, on crude Napier grass juice. In determining the applicability of green processing for future biorefineries, an important and often overlooked consideration of the incoming feedstock is age. As Napier grass matures, significant changes may occur in its biochemical composition, subsequently affecting fractionation and biofuel and co-product generation. The composition of Napier grass was examined for the ages of 2, 4, 6, and 8 months old. Ash and lignin constituents, in particular, were found to be dependent on age and both constituents increased with feedstock age. Changes in the juice characteristics were also found to correlate with Napier grass maturation. Overall, the compositional data of Napier grass at different stages of growth represented the first of its kind for bioenergy crops grown in the (sub)tropical climate of Hawaiʻi, which has gained considerable attention for the development of biomass-to-biofuel strategies and technologies. Exploratory economic analyses of the results in this study however, suggest that future work is necessary. Ultimately, because green processing represents a biosystems engineering approach, it can be adapted and applied to a multitude of disciplines and biofuel platforms.

Subjects/Keywords: bioengineering; molecular biosciences; napier grass; biofuel; biobased products; green processing

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Takara, D. T. (2016). Green processing of napier grass for generation of biofuel and biobased products. (Thesis). University of Hawaii – Manoa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10125/100804

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Takara, Devin T. “Green processing of napier grass for generation of biofuel and biobased products.” 2016. Thesis, University of Hawaii – Manoa. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/100804.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Takara, Devin T. “Green processing of napier grass for generation of biofuel and biobased products.” 2016. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Takara DT. Green processing of napier grass for generation of biofuel and biobased products. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Hawaii – Manoa; 2016. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/100804.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Takara DT. Green processing of napier grass for generation of biofuel and biobased products. [Thesis]. University of Hawaii – Manoa; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/100804

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Oklahoma State University

5. Goswami, Subhasree. Effects of Fermented Products and Sodium Chloride Substitutes on Selected Properties of White Bread and Dough.

Degree: Food Science, 2014, Oklahoma State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/14853

► Reducing sodium content in bread is a challenging proposition since sodium chloride contributes to more than saltiness perception in bread products. The objective of this… (more)

▼ Reducing sodium content in bread is a challenging proposition since sodium chloride contributes to more than saltiness perception in bread products. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of salt substitutes and fermented products (wheat-soybean tempe flour and sourdough) on flavor profile and rheological properties of bread. Tempe is an Indonesian traditional fermented food which is made by fungi fermentation of soybeans and other legumes.The desirable taste, flavor, texture, acidity and aroma are produced by the hydrolysis of substrates by enzymes. Sourdough process is very simple and is based on naturally occurring yeasts in the cereal grains. A commercial wheat flour with protein content 11 � 0.5% was treated with sourdough (0, 11, 17 and 33% w/w) and tempe (0, 2, 3.5 and 5% w/w) and baked. Three sensory analysis sessions were conducted to determine the seven parameters flavor profile by 80 untrained panelists. This study showed that for saltiness score, the combination of 17% sourdough, 3.5%, panelists could not detect the difference in saltiness perception between 0.75 and 1.5% NaCl. One commercial wheat flour with protein content 11.8% was treated with different levels sodium chloride (0.75, 1.5 and 2.0%), wheat-soybean tempe flour (2 and 3.5%) and sourdough (17 and 33%) following a Randomized Complete Block Design with 3 replicates to analyze the rheological properties. Increase in development time, stability time and breakdown time was observed with elevation of NaCl levels. Development time and breakdown time decreased with increase in sourdough (17 vs 33%). A set of three commercial wheat flours with protein content 9.8, 10.9 and 13.4% was treated with sodium chloride (control) as well as five commercial NaCl substitutes following a Randomized Complete Block Design with 3 replicates to analyze the effect on rheological properties. Mixing properties showed that development time and stability time were directly proportional to the level of salt. Maximum resistance to extension (Rmax) and area under the curve increased with an increase of NaCl level. NaCl resulted in a higher area than commercial NaCl substitutes when each level of salt was analyzed. Advisors/Committee Members: Duarte, Patricia Rayas (advisor), Ramanathan, Ranjith (committee member), McGlynn, William (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: bread; cereal; dough; fermented products; rheological properties; sodium chloride substitutes

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Goswami, S. (2014). Effects of Fermented Products and Sodium Chloride Substitutes on Selected Properties of White Bread and Dough. (Thesis). Oklahoma State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/14853

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Goswami, Subhasree. “Effects of Fermented Products and Sodium Chloride Substitutes on Selected Properties of White Bread and Dough.” 2014. Thesis, Oklahoma State University. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11244/14853.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Goswami, Subhasree. “Effects of Fermented Products and Sodium Chloride Substitutes on Selected Properties of White Bread and Dough.” 2014. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Goswami S. Effects of Fermented Products and Sodium Chloride Substitutes on Selected Properties of White Bread and Dough. [Internet] [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2014. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/14853.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Goswami S. Effects of Fermented Products and Sodium Chloride Substitutes on Selected Properties of White Bread and Dough. [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/14853

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

6. Meussen, Bas Johannes. Developing a role for Rhizopus oryzae in the biobased economy by aiming at ethanol and cyanophycin coproduction.

Degree: 2018, Wageningen University

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/540866 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-540866 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-540866 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/540866

► Fossil fuels, including oil, natural gas, and coal are primary energy sources and account for 86% of the world’s energy consumption. These fossil fuels are… (more)

▼ Fossil fuels, including oil, natural gas, and coal are primary energy sources and account for 86% of the world’s energy consumption. These fossil fuels are also used as a feedstock for the production of chemicals and materials. It took millions of years to form these fuels from biomass and their consumption is therefore considered non-renewable. At a certain moment the reserves of these fossil resources will be depleted and prior to that moment mining for bulk use will be economically unfeasible. Beside the finite reserves there are also many negative effects on the environment. These include the pollution of the environment and global warming. It is generally considered that global warming is caused by the release of greenhouse gasses, such as CH4, NOx, water vapour and CO2 into the atmosphere. Alternative resources for the generation of heat and power can be formed by geothermal, water, wind, and solar energy. However, these resources do not form an alternative for the production of chemicals and materials since this requires (chemical) building blocks. Biomass can form a suitable alternative resource for the formation of these building blocks. Biomass in its pure form is complex and can in most instances not directly be used for the production of renewable compounds. Just like fossil fuels it should be processed or biorefined to obtain building blocks for chemicals and materials. In the biorefining process all the non-food fractions such as the oils, gums, carbohydrates, proteins, and lignin should be used for their most energetically favourable applications. Nitrogen containing molecules are used in many chemical applications like the production of nylon, polyurethane and acrylonitrile. Naphtha does not comprise nitrogen-containing molecules and they have to be synthesised by binding nitrogen derived from air, a very energy intensive process. Forty percent of the integral cost price of nitrogen containing chemicals from fossil resources is formed by the energy and process costs. Biomass, on the other hand, contains nitrogen containing chemicals in the form amino acids. Traditionally, commercially available amino acids are obtained through microbial fermentations. These production volumes are generally low and the price is too high for bulk use. Therefore, alternative sources need to be investigated which can supply large volumes of amino acids at low cost. Interesting sources are the residual protein streams from the food industry or the production of biofuels. These streams are however heterogeneous in composition and result in low amino acid concentrations. Cyanophycin (CPG) is naturally accumulated by cyanobacteria as insoluble granules which form an energy and nitrogen reserve material and consists of equimolar amounts of arginine and aspartic acid. The insoluble nature can be used to isolate and concentrate the granules. The wish to produce bioethanol from (lignocellulosic) waste streams coupled to the concentration and subsequent conversion of amino acids into CGP culminated into the N-ergy project.… Advisors/Committee Members: Wageningen University, J.P.M. Sanders, R.A. Weusthuis.

Subjects/Keywords: Biobased Chemistry and Technology; Biobased Chemistry and Technology; VLAG; Biobased Products; Biobased Products; Leerstoelgroep Bioprocestechnologie; Bioprocestechnologie; Biobased Chemistry and Technology; Biobased Chemistry and Technology; VLAG; Biobased Products; Biobased Products; Bioprocess Engineering; Bioprocess Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Meussen, B. J. (2018). Developing a role for Rhizopus oryzae in the biobased economy by aiming at ethanol and cyanophycin coproduction. (Doctoral Dissertation). Wageningen University. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/540866 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-540866 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-540866 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/540866

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Meussen, Bas Johannes. “Developing a role for Rhizopus oryzae in the biobased economy by aiming at ethanol and cyanophycin coproduction.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Wageningen University. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/540866 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-540866 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-540866 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/540866.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Meussen, Bas Johannes. “Developing a role for Rhizopus oryzae in the biobased economy by aiming at ethanol and cyanophycin coproduction.” 2018. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Meussen BJ. Developing a role for Rhizopus oryzae in the biobased economy by aiming at ethanol and cyanophycin coproduction. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Wageningen University; 2018. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/540866 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-540866 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-540866 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/540866.

Council of Science Editors:

Meussen BJ. Developing a role for Rhizopus oryzae in the biobased economy by aiming at ethanol and cyanophycin coproduction. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Wageningen University; 2018. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/540866 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-540866 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-540866 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/540866

7. Bowden, Nathan A. Modelling the solubility of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids with experimentally derived saturation data.

Degree: 2018, Wageningen University

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/537573 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-537573 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-537573 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/537573

► In this thesis, experimental work and thermodynamic modelling is presented. The application of this is the extraction of proteins from agro-industrial residue streams, the hydrolysis… (more)

▼ In this thesis, experimental work and thermodynamic modelling is presented. The application of this is the extraction of proteins from agro-industrial residue streams, the hydrolysis of the proteins to their constituent amino acids and the separation and crystallization of amino acids. The development of this process will benefit the reduction of waste and the worlds reliance on non-renewable resources. Crystallizing individual α-amino acids from a mixture of α-amino acids would improve their separation in a bio-refinery, but the solubility of the 20 α-amino acids in a mixture of 20 α-amino acids is unknown. In order to understand the solubility of α-amino acids in mixtures of 20 α-amino acids, we first studied the solubility of the 20 α-amino acids in single solution using the van ‘t Hoff and Sober equations and data available in the literature. In chapter 2, the results of these equations were compared and their coefficients are reported. Then we measured the solubility of the 20 α-amino acids in a model system of an industrial residue containing all 20 α-amino acids and found that only l-tyrosine, l-tryptophan, l-aspartic acid, l-glutamic acid and l-asparagine dissolved in higher concentrations in the model system of 20 α-amino acids than in aqueous solution by themselves. The solubility of all of the aliphatic α-amino acids was lower in the mixture. The longer the side chain length of the aliphatic α-amino acids, the greater the decrease in solubility in the mixture as compared to being in solution by itself. The maximum solubility of l-lysine and l-glutamine showed the most decrease when in the mixture in comparison to in aqueous solution alone. Our results demonstrate that α-amino acids with similar physical structures have similar changes in solubility when in a mixture of α-amino acids. We assert that α-amino acids can be grouped by their physical structure. In chapter 3, we show that the addition of organic solvents to α-amino acids in aqueous solution could be an effective method in crystallization. The available data on the solubility of α-amino acids in water, water-ethanol mixtures and ethanol at 298.15 K and 0.1MPa were reviewed. The solubility of L-alanine, L-proline, L-arginine, L-cysteine and L-lysine in water and ethanol mixtures and the solubility of L-alanine, L-proline, L-arginine, L-cysteine, L-lysine, L-asparagine, L-glutamine, L-histidine and L-leucine in pure ethanol systems were measured and are published here for the first time. The impact on the solubility of amino acids that can convert in solution, L-glutamic acid and L-cysteine, was studied. At lower concentrations, only the ninhydrin method and the UPLC method yield reliable results. In the case of α-amino acids that convert in solution, only the UPLC method was able to discern between the different α-amino acids and yields reliable results. The results demonstrate that α-amino acids with similar physical… Advisors/Committee Members: Wageningen University, J.P.M. Sanders, M.E. Bruins.

Subjects/Keywords: Biobased Chemistry and Technology; Biobased Chemistry and Technology; VLAG; Biobased Products; Biobased Products; FBR Bioconversion; BBP Bioconversion; Biobased Chemistry and Technology; Biobased Chemistry and Technology; VLAG; Biobased Products; Biobased Products; FBR Bioconversion; BBP Bioconversion

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bowden, N. A. (2018). Modelling the solubility of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids with experimentally derived saturation data. (Doctoral Dissertation). Wageningen University. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/537573 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-537573 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-537573 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/537573

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bowden, Nathan A. “Modelling the solubility of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids with experimentally derived saturation data.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Wageningen University. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/537573 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-537573 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-537573 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/537573.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bowden, Nathan A. “Modelling the solubility of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids with experimentally derived saturation data.” 2018. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Bowden NA. Modelling the solubility of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids with experimentally derived saturation data. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Wageningen University; 2018. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/537573 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-537573 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-537573 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/537573.

Council of Science Editors:

Bowden NA. Modelling the solubility of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids with experimentally derived saturation data. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Wageningen University; 2018. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/537573 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-537573 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-537573 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/537573

MIT

8. Owsley, Henry Furlow. The effect of increased national oil company sales on OPEC and the long run structure of the international petroleum market .

Degree: 1979, MIT

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16244

Subjects/Keywords: Sloan School of Management; Petroleum industry and trade; Petroleum products Prices

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APA (6^th Edition):

Owsley, H. F. (1979). The effect of increased national oil company sales on OPEC and the long run structure of the international petroleum market . (Thesis). MIT. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16244

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Owsley, Henry Furlow. “The effect of increased national oil company sales on OPEC and the long run structure of the international petroleum market .” 1979. Thesis, MIT. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16244.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Owsley, Henry Furlow. “The effect of increased national oil company sales on OPEC and the long run structure of the international petroleum market .” 1979. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Owsley HF. The effect of increased national oil company sales on OPEC and the long run structure of the international petroleum market . [Internet] [Thesis]. MIT; 1979. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16244.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Owsley HF. The effect of increased national oil company sales on OPEC and the long run structure of the international petroleum market . [Thesis]. MIT; 1979. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16244

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Johannesburg

9. Niemandt, Mathys Johannes. Die relatiewe ekonomie van sekere direkte en indirekte prosesse vir die vervaardiging van sintetiese olieprodukte.

Degree: 2014, University of Johannesburg

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9080

►

M.Phil. (Energy Studies)

South Africa has no commercially proven indigenous crude oil deposits. The country therefore follows a well formulated longterm energy policy to ensure… (more)

▼

M.Phil. (Energy Studies)

South Africa has no commercially proven indigenous crude oil deposits. The country therefore follows a well formulated longterm energy policy to ensure a continuous and uninterrupted supply of transport fuels. The development of a very successful synfuel industry contributes to the national desire of maintaining a minimum level of self sufficiency in transport fuels. The Government also plays a supportive role in financing synthetic fuel projects from the Central Energy Fund. South Africa has abundant coal resources at a reasonable cost, as well as the offshore gas field near the coast of Mosselbay. The objective of this study is therefore to evaluate and compare the re1athe economics of certain direct and indirect coal liquefaction process routes, as well as the conversion of natural gas to transport fuels. The methanol option as a transport fuel is also addressed. Information for this study was collected mainly from the literature on this subject as well as Government institutions and private companies that are actively involved in the production of synthetic transport fuels. The primary conclusions of this study are: Synthetic fuel projects are capital intensive. The number of commercially proven options for the production of synfuels are limited to the well proven technology of the Sasol process, conventional methanol synthesis technology and to a lessor extent the Mobil methanol-to-gasoline technology. Accurate costs comparisons will therefore only be possible when more of the direct liquefaction options have been commercially demonstrated. Commercial realisat ion of the unproven technologies also involve enormous financial resources and a high risk. The Sasol synfuel option with the lowest thermal efficiency of approximately 42% requires the highest capital investment per ton or barrel of final product. The high severity direct processes (H-coal, Exxon-Donor-Solvent or EDS and the German Technology) as well as the Mobil-MTG capital investment follows, with the low severity and high thermal efficiency SRC-1 and SRC-2 process capital requirements the lowest, except for the very low,capital investment for a methanol synthesis plant...

Subjects/Keywords: Synthetic fuels; Energy policy; Petroleum products

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APA (6^th Edition):

Niemandt, M. J. (2014). Die relatiewe ekonomie van sekere direkte en indirekte prosesse vir die vervaardiging van sintetiese olieprodukte. (Thesis). University of Johannesburg. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9080

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Niemandt, Mathys Johannes. “Die relatiewe ekonomie van sekere direkte en indirekte prosesse vir die vervaardiging van sintetiese olieprodukte.” 2014. Thesis, University of Johannesburg. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9080.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Niemandt, Mathys Johannes. “Die relatiewe ekonomie van sekere direkte en indirekte prosesse vir die vervaardiging van sintetiese olieprodukte.” 2014. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Niemandt MJ. Die relatiewe ekonomie van sekere direkte en indirekte prosesse vir die vervaardiging van sintetiese olieprodukte. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Johannesburg; 2014. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9080.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Niemandt MJ. Die relatiewe ekonomie van sekere direkte en indirekte prosesse vir die vervaardiging van sintetiese olieprodukte. [Thesis]. University of Johannesburg; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9080

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Tasmania

10. Bildan, Mario F(Mario Ferrer). The distribution of petroleum in Victoria.

Degree: 1985, University of Tasmania

URL: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/18929/1/whole_BildanMarioFerrer1986_thesis.pdf

► The location and development of cities and industries are closely related to the availability of raw materials and other inputs of production, and to the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Petroleum; Petroleum products; Railroads

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bildan, M. F. F. (1985). The distribution of petroleum in Victoria. (Thesis). University of Tasmania. Retrieved from https://eprints.utas.edu.au/18929/1/whole_BildanMarioFerrer1986_thesis.pdf

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bildan, Mario F(Mario Ferrer). “The distribution of petroleum in Victoria.” 1985. Thesis, University of Tasmania. Accessed December 05, 2019. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/18929/1/whole_BildanMarioFerrer1986_thesis.pdf.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bildan, Mario F(Mario Ferrer). “The distribution of petroleum in Victoria.” 1985. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Bildan MFF. The distribution of petroleum in Victoria. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Tasmania; 1985. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/18929/1/whole_BildanMarioFerrer1986_thesis.pdf.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Bildan MFF. The distribution of petroleum in Victoria. [Thesis]. University of Tasmania; 1985. Available from: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/18929/1/whole_BildanMarioFerrer1986_thesis.pdf

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

The Ohio State University

11. Holsinger, Virginia Harris. A study of the rehydration properties of a milk analogue containing soy products and cheese whey.

Degree: PhD, Graduate School, 1980, The Ohio State University

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487090992441979

Subjects/Keywords: Agriculture; Soybean products; Food substitutes; Whey products

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APA (6^th Edition):

Holsinger, V. H. (1980). A study of the rehydration properties of a milk analogue containing soy products and cheese whey. (Doctoral Dissertation). The Ohio State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487090992441979

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Holsinger, Virginia Harris. “A study of the rehydration properties of a milk analogue containing soy products and cheese whey.” 1980. Doctoral Dissertation, The Ohio State University. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487090992441979.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Holsinger, Virginia Harris. “A study of the rehydration properties of a milk analogue containing soy products and cheese whey.” 1980. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Holsinger VH. A study of the rehydration properties of a milk analogue containing soy products and cheese whey. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 1980. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487090992441979.

Council of Science Editors:

Holsinger VH. A study of the rehydration properties of a milk analogue containing soy products and cheese whey. [Doctoral Dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 1980. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487090992441979

Kansas State University

12. Chen, Frank Hsin-Hao. Whey-milk: a potential milk substitute from direct-acid-set cottage cheese whey and milk.

Degree: MS, 1978, Kansas State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/26849

Subjects/Keywords: Whey products.; Milk.; Dairy products.; Food substitutes.; Masters theses

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chen, F. H. (1978). Whey-milk: a potential milk substitute from direct-acid-set cottage cheese whey and milk. (Masters Thesis). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/26849

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chen, Frank Hsin-Hao. “Whey-milk: a potential milk substitute from direct-acid-set cottage cheese whey and milk.” 1978. Masters Thesis, Kansas State University. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/26849.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chen, Frank Hsin-Hao. “Whey-milk: a potential milk substitute from direct-acid-set cottage cheese whey and milk.” 1978. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Chen FH. Whey-milk: a potential milk substitute from direct-acid-set cottage cheese whey and milk. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Kansas State University; 1978. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/26849.

Council of Science Editors:

Chen FH. Whey-milk: a potential milk substitute from direct-acid-set cottage cheese whey and milk. [Masters Thesis]. Kansas State University; 1978. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/26849

13. But, Andrada. Nitrogen containing biobased chemicals produced using enzymes.

Degree: 2018, Wageningen University

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/544878 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-544878 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-544878 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/544878

► Today, nitriles are produced by introducing the nitrogen functionality in hydrocarbons originated from fossil resources under high pressure and temperature. Environmental concerns associated with the… (more)

▼ Today, nitriles are produced by introducing the nitrogen functionality in hydrocarbons originated from fossil resources under high pressure and temperature. Environmental concerns associated with the use of fossil resources, as shown in chapter 1, stimulate the need to produce chemicals in a more sustainable way. Renewable resources such as amino acids from biomass, that already contain nitrogen in their molecule, are investigated as alternative starting materials to produce biobased nitriles. In this thesis the enzyme vanadium chloroperoxidase (VCPO) was used as catalyst to produce biobased nitriles from amino acids via the oxidative decarboxylation reaction. Industrially relevant nitriles such as acrylonitrile and succinonitrile, can be prepared starting from amino acids. For example, glutamic acid (Glu) – the most abundant non-essential amino acid in biomass – can be converted to acrylonitrile via the intermediate 3-cyanopropanoic acid (GluCN). The oxidative decarboxylation reaction of other biomass derived amino acids was investigated as well. Glu can be fully converted into GluCN with high selectivity using the enzyme VCPO, H2O2 and catalytic amounts of NaBr. In contrast, under the same reaction conditions the oxidative decarboxylation of aspartic acid (Asp) resulted in low conversion and selectivity towards the nitrile. In chapter 2, it was investigated how two chemically similar amino acids, Glu and Asp, react differently towards the oxidative decarboxylation. For this, the conversion of Glu and Asp was investigated as a function of bromide concentration. In presence of catalytic amount of bromide (0.1 equiv.), Glu resulted in full conversion and high selectivity. It was shown that by increasing the amount of bromide present in the reaction mixture to 2 equiv., the conversion of Asp was increased from 15% to 100% and its selectivity towards 2-cyanoacetic acid (AspCN) from 45% to 80%. It was concluded that the difference in reactivity must be due to the difference of one carbon atom in the side chain between Asp and Glu and the proximity of the side chain to the reactive alpha functionalities of the amino acids. It was hypothesised that the alpha functionalities in Asp are stabilised in intra- or intermolecular interactions with the side chain carboxyl functionality which prevents Asp to react in a similar manner as Glu. The influence of the side chain functionality and the side chain length of amino acids towards the reactivity of alpha functionalities with respect to oxidative decarboxylation was further investigated for different amino acids (chapter 3). It was shown that the conversion can be modified as a function of the concentration of NaBr for all amino acids tested. Only two amino acids, Glu and aminoadipic acid, can be fully converted into nitriles with catalytic amounts of NaBr (0.04 equiv.). For all other amino acids with aliphatic, hydroxy, carboxyl and methyl ester functionalities tested, a minimum amount of NaBr present in the… Advisors/Committee Members: Wageningen University, J.P.M. Sanders, E.L. Scott.

Subjects/Keywords: Laboratorium voor Organische chemie; Organische Chemie; Biobased Chemistry and Technology; Biobased Chemistry and Technology; VLAG; Biobased Products; Biobased Products; Laboratory for Organic Chemistry; Organic Chemistry; Biobased Chemistry and Technology; Biobased Chemistry and Technology; VLAG; Biobased Products; Biobased Products

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

But, A. (2018). Nitrogen containing biobased chemicals produced using enzymes. (Doctoral Dissertation). Wageningen University. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/544878 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-544878 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-544878 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/544878

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

But, Andrada. “Nitrogen containing biobased chemicals produced using enzymes.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Wageningen University. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/544878 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-544878 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-544878 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/544878.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

But, Andrada. “Nitrogen containing biobased chemicals produced using enzymes.” 2018. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

But A. Nitrogen containing biobased chemicals produced using enzymes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Wageningen University; 2018. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/544878 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-544878 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-544878 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/544878.

Council of Science Editors:

But A. Nitrogen containing biobased chemicals produced using enzymes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Wageningen University; 2018. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/544878 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-544878 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-544878 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/544878

14. Bos, H.L. The potential of flax fibres as reinforcement for composite materials.

Degree: 2004, NARCIS

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/328415 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-328415 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-328415 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/328415

Subjects/Keywords: vlas; plantenvezels; polymeren; versterking; materialen; mechanische eigenschappen; vervangbare hulpbronnen; linum usitatissimum; biobased economy; Non-food producten (algemeen); Vezelgewassen; flax; plant fibres; polymers; reinforcement; materials; mechanical properties; renewable resources; linum usitatissimum; biobased economy; Non-food Products (General); Fibre Crops

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bos, H. L. (2004). The potential of flax fibres as reinforcement for composite materials. (Doctoral Dissertation). NARCIS. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/328415 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-328415 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-328415 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/328415

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bos, H L. “The potential of flax fibres as reinforcement for composite materials.” 2004. Doctoral Dissertation, NARCIS. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/328415 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-328415 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-328415 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/328415.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bos, H L. “The potential of flax fibres as reinforcement for composite materials.” 2004. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Bos HL. The potential of flax fibres as reinforcement for composite materials. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. NARCIS; 2004. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/328415 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-328415 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-328415 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/328415.

Council of Science Editors:

Bos HL. The potential of flax fibres as reinforcement for composite materials. [Doctoral Dissertation]. NARCIS; 2004. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/328415 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-328415 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-328415 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/328415

University of Hawaii – Manoa

15. Wirote Manopimoke. Transaction costs and choice of petroleum contract.

Degree: PhD, 2009, University of Hawaii – Manoa

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/9217

►

Typescript.

Microfiche.

ix, 130 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

Petroleum contracts are very complicated in their share structure. This makes it difficult to generalize explanations… (more)

▼

Typescript.

Microfiche.

ix, 130 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

Petroleum contracts are very complicated in their share structure. This makes it difficult to generalize explanations on choice of petroleum contract. Current contracts are classified into four major types: concession, production-sharing, joint-venture, and service contracts. Two existing explanations on choice of contract – fisical regime and risk sharing – explain in terms of physical risk. They are inadequate for the purpose because the industry is also inherent with behavioral risk as shown by the existence of various mitigating terms in every type of contract. Behavioral risk here refers to the opportunity of the contracting parties to deviate from the original promise. This study proposes that a contract is selected not only to moderate physical risk but also to minimize ex-post opportunism. The theories of agency and self-enforcing contract are used in constructing a contractual choice model. It shows that types of contracts are distinguished by incentive payment terms, which are designed to minimize opportunism. When the country has little information on petroleum reserve, a high incentive payment contract will be selected, and vice versa. Also, if the circumstance changes ex post, new terms or a new type of contract are adopted to maximize the contracting parties' mutual benefits. The available evidence supports this hypothesis. The high incentive contract – concession contract – is always granted in newly oil exploration countries. Other three lower incentive contracts are drawn in countries which have high commercial quantity of petroleum reserve. A one-way analysis of variance test shows that means of oil-field size among the three groups of countries that adopted different types of contracts at a particular time differ significantly at the level of 90%. The Less Significant Difference (LSD) test confirms that means for the group of countries employing the production-sharing or the joint-venture differs significantly from the group of countries that employs the service contract. When oil prices change, new terms or a new type of contract are adopted without interventions from the third party. In conclusion, empirical evidence is consistence with the model for choice of petroleum contract developed in this study. The model can be more vigorously tested if additional data and information are available.

Subjects/Keywords: Petroleum products – Prices; Petroleum industry and trade – Finance; Concessions; Oil and gas leases

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APA (6^th Edition):

Manopimoke, W. (2009). Transaction costs and choice of petroleum contract. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Hawaii – Manoa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10125/9217

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Manopimoke, Wirote. “Transaction costs and choice of petroleum contract.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Hawaii – Manoa. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/9217.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Manopimoke, Wirote. “Transaction costs and choice of petroleum contract.” 2009. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Manopimoke W. Transaction costs and choice of petroleum contract. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Hawaii – Manoa; 2009. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/9217.

Council of Science Editors:

Manopimoke W. Transaction costs and choice of petroleum contract. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Hawaii – Manoa; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/9217

Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

16. Tait, Hennie Leon. Adapting retail business models for the petroleum industry.

Degree: Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2009, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1110

► Deregulation as an open market system is likely to be implemented in the Petroleum industry of South Africa. To secure the success of the retail… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Petroleum products – Prices; Petroleum industry and trade – South Africa; Petroleum industry and trade – Economic aspects – South Africa

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Tait, H. L. (2009). Adapting retail business models for the petroleum industry. (Thesis). Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1110

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tait, Hennie Leon. “Adapting retail business models for the petroleum industry.” 2009. Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1110.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tait, Hennie Leon. “Adapting retail business models for the petroleum industry.” 2009. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Tait HL. Adapting retail business models for the petroleum industry. [Internet] [Thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2009. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1110.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Tait HL. Adapting retail business models for the petroleum industry. [Thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1110

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Michigan State University

17. Almoguera, Pedro A. Theoretical and empirical studies in strategic pricing.

Degree: PhD, Department of Economics, 2006, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:37982

Subjects/Keywords: Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries; Pricing – Econometric models; Supply and demand; Petroleum products – Prices

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APA (6^th Edition):

Almoguera, P. A. (2006). Theoretical and empirical studies in strategic pricing. (Doctoral Dissertation). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:37982

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Almoguera, Pedro A. “Theoretical and empirical studies in strategic pricing.” 2006. Doctoral Dissertation, Michigan State University. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:37982.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Almoguera, Pedro A. “Theoretical and empirical studies in strategic pricing.” 2006. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Almoguera PA. Theoretical and empirical studies in strategic pricing. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Michigan State University; 2006. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:37982.

Council of Science Editors:

Almoguera PA. Theoretical and empirical studies in strategic pricing. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Michigan State University; 2006. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:37982

The Ohio State University

18. Singer, Sanford Robert. The economic effects of changing liquid fuel prices on the transport agencies.

Degree: PhD, Graduate School, 1960, The Ohio State University

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486478251463306

Subjects/Keywords: Economics; Liquid fuels; Petroleum products

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APA (6^th Edition):

Singer, S. R. (1960). The economic effects of changing liquid fuel prices on the transport agencies. (Doctoral Dissertation). The Ohio State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486478251463306

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Singer, Sanford Robert. “The economic effects of changing liquid fuel prices on the transport agencies.” 1960. Doctoral Dissertation, The Ohio State University. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486478251463306.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Singer, Sanford Robert. “The economic effects of changing liquid fuel prices on the transport agencies.” 1960. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Singer SR. The economic effects of changing liquid fuel prices on the transport agencies. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 1960. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486478251463306.

Council of Science Editors:

Singer SR. The economic effects of changing liquid fuel prices on the transport agencies. [Doctoral Dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 1960. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486478251463306

University of Alberta

19. Bourassa, André. The pricing of crude petroleum in Canada.

Degree: MA, 1972, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/bk128c953

Subjects/Keywords: Petroleum products – Prices – Canada.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bourassa, A. (1972). The pricing of crude petroleum in Canada. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/bk128c953

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bourassa, André. “The pricing of crude petroleum in Canada.” 1972. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed December 05, 2019. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/bk128c953.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bourassa, André. “The pricing of crude petroleum in Canada.” 1972. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Bourassa A. The pricing of crude petroleum in Canada. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 1972. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/bk128c953.

Council of Science Editors:

Bourassa A. The pricing of crude petroleum in Canada. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 1972. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/bk128c953

University of Johannesburg

20. Nomngongo, Philiswa Nosizo. Method development on sample preparation for trace metals in petroleum products prior to their determination using inductively coupled plasma-spectrometric techniques.

Degree: 2014, University of Johannesburg

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11411

►

Ph.D. (Chemistry)

The main objective of this study was to develop sample preparation methods based on separation and preconcentration of trace metals in organic matrices… (more)

▼

Ph.D. (Chemistry)

The main objective of this study was to develop sample preparation methods based on separation and preconcentration of trace metals in organic matrices (alcohols, diesel and gasoline). The presence of metals in organic matrices is undesirable, unless they are used as additives. Therefore, it is important to control and monitor their concentrations in fuel and petrochemical products as they tend to affect the quality of these products. Solid phase extraction (SPE), solid phase microextraction (SPME) and hollow fiber-liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME were used for separation and preconcentration of Ag, Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Ti, V and Zn prior to their inductively coupled plasma optical emission/mass spectrometric (ICP OES/-MS) determination. For solid phase extraction, the exchange efficiencies of different commercial ion exchange resins, namely Dowex 50W-x8, Dowex 1-x8, Dowex MAC-3 and Chelex 100, for preconcentration of metal ions in alcohol and fuel samples, were investigated. The results obtained indicated that Dowex 50W-x8 was suitable for simultaneous preconcentration of cations such as Cd, Co, Ni, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, among other metals while Dowex 1-x8 was suitable for metal ions that exists in more than one oxidation states, namely, As, Cr, Mo, Sb and V. Chelex-100 and Dowex MAC-3 were found to be selective to a limited number of target metal analytes. For further applications, Dowex 50W-x8 and Dowex 1-x8 were employed. Furthermore, the applicability of synthetic adsorbents such as nanometer-sized alumina and functionalized cellulose nanofibers for preconcentration of trace metals in gasoline samples, was investigated. Nanometer-sized alumina sorbent was found to be suitable for simultaneous separation and preconcentration of Co, Cr, Mn, Ni and Ti. Functionalized cellulose nanofibers on the hand, were suitable for simultaneous preconcentration of Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn. The optimization of the experimental parameters was achieved by both univariate and multivariate procedure. The second preconcentration technique was solid phase microextraction which was also used for extraction and enrichment of metal ions in diesel samples using two approaches of the SPME method. The first approach was hollow fiber-solid phase microextraction (HF–SPME) method using fiber-supported sol-gel combined with a cation exchange resin (Dowex 50W-x8). This method showed satisfactory results for the preconcentration of Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn in diesel and gasoline samples. The second approach was based on membrane solid phase microextraction (MSPME) using titania-alumina hollow fiber. The MSPME method applied was used for extraction and preconcentration of trace amounts of Co, Cr, Mo, Ni, Sb and V in liquid fuel samples. Multivariate techniques were used for optimization of experimental parameters for both approaches. The last preconcentration technique that was developed was hollow fiber- liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME). In this method fuel samples were first digested before being…

Subjects/Keywords: Petroleum products - Analysis; Plasma spectrometry; Trace elements; Metals

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APA (6^th Edition):

Nomngongo, P. N. (2014). Method development on sample preparation for trace metals in petroleum products prior to their determination using inductively coupled plasma-spectrometric techniques. (Thesis). University of Johannesburg. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11411

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nomngongo, Philiswa Nosizo. “Method development on sample preparation for trace metals in petroleum products prior to their determination using inductively coupled plasma-spectrometric techniques.” 2014. Thesis, University of Johannesburg. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11411.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nomngongo, Philiswa Nosizo. “Method development on sample preparation for trace metals in petroleum products prior to their determination using inductively coupled plasma-spectrometric techniques.” 2014. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Nomngongo PN. Method development on sample preparation for trace metals in petroleum products prior to their determination using inductively coupled plasma-spectrometric techniques. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Johannesburg; 2014. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11411.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Nomngongo PN. Method development on sample preparation for trace metals in petroleum products prior to their determination using inductively coupled plasma-spectrometric techniques. [Thesis]. University of Johannesburg; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11411

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Michigan State University

21. Bagour, Omar S. M. Limits on Saudi Arabia's oil pricing policy : a short-run econometric-simulation model.

Degree: PhD, Department of Resource Development, 1985, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:34811

Subjects/Keywords: Petroleum products – Prices – Saudi Arabia

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Bagour, O. S. M. (1985). Limits on Saudi Arabia's oil pricing policy : a short-run econometric-simulation model. (Doctoral Dissertation). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:34811

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bagour, Omar S M. “Limits on Saudi Arabia's oil pricing policy : a short-run econometric-simulation model.” 1985. Doctoral Dissertation, Michigan State University. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:34811.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bagour, Omar S M. “Limits on Saudi Arabia's oil pricing policy : a short-run econometric-simulation model.” 1985. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Bagour OSM. Limits on Saudi Arabia's oil pricing policy : a short-run econometric-simulation model. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Michigan State University; 1985. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:34811.

Council of Science Editors:

Bagour OSM. Limits on Saudi Arabia's oil pricing policy : a short-run econometric-simulation model. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Michigan State University; 1985. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:34811

University of Arizona

22. Leahy, Michael J., 1901-1979. A study of petroleum products used in the Southwest .

Degree: 1927, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/553539

Subjects/Keywords: Petroleum products – Southwest; New.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Leahy, Michael J., 1. (1927). A study of petroleum products used in the Southwest . (Masters Thesis). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/553539

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Leahy, Michael J., 1901-1979. “A study of petroleum products used in the Southwest .” 1927. Masters Thesis, University of Arizona. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/553539.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Leahy, Michael J., 1901-1979. “A study of petroleum products used in the Southwest .” 1927. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Leahy, Michael J. 1. A study of petroleum products used in the Southwest . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Arizona; 1927. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/553539.

Council of Science Editors:

Leahy, Michael J. 1. A study of petroleum products used in the Southwest . [Masters Thesis]. University of Arizona; 1927. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/553539

Cape Peninsula University of Technology

23. Mokabiri, Goabaone. Customer loyalty towards brands within Botswana's petroleum industry .

Degree: 2009, Cape Peninsula University of Technology

URL: http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/994

► The retail and distribution industry in Botswana's deregulated economy is one of the largest and most difficult sectors in which to operate, mainly because of… (more)

▼ The retail and distribution industry in Botswana's deregulated economy is one of the largest and most difficult sectors in which to operate, mainly because of levels of competition amongst Botswana companies and the global competitive industry, in general. Hill (2000:539) postulates that competition in free market economies generally tends to be tense depending on differences between distribution systems such as retail concentration, channel length and channel exclusivity. At the same time the retail industry grapples with other complex social and structural problems as they face ever increasing marketing problems that relate to attracting and maintaining customers (Luh, 2006:1). In view of the intense competition, it is more expensive to obtain a new customer than to retain and maintain an existing customer. Consequently, retailers should develop competitive and sustainable ways to maintain the customers that they have and should develop strategies to retain any new customers that the business acquires (Naylor and Frank, 2000:37). Botswana practices a free market and a heavily deregulated economy, which causes an increase in competition (Luh, 2006:1) and creates greater expectations from customers in pursuit of satisfaction and value (Peter and Donnelly, 2007:179) for their money. In Botswana, petrol and diesel prices are regulated by government, there is therefore no competition between the rivals based on prices. The competition landscape therefore shifts to amongst others, namely; service provision, location of the petrol station, and fuel brand in general. Petrol and diesel retail outlets should focus on areas of operations that will give them a sustainable competitive advantage over their competitors without altering the price of products. Mehta, Lalwani and Li Han (2000:21) posit that increased competition between retail businesses forces rivals to focus on good customer service as the only critical factor in the operation of their business (Zairi, 2000: 332). Customer loyalty is therefore, the most effective way to keep customers and to maintain profitability through repeated purchases (Luh, 2006:2). Loyalty is used to describe the behaviour of repeat customers, their ratings of the business, positive testimonials, and business from existing customers, as well as overall perception, about the business from the existing customers. The study focuses on the petroleum industry in an environment where there are several competitors, relative .to the size of the country, offering goods and services that are close substitutes. The industry in Botswana is characterised by five competitors that offer heavily substitutable products (BP Report, 2006:1-4). These rivals are BP, Shell, Caltex, Engen and Total.

Subjects/Keywords: Brand loyalty – Petroleum industry and trade – Botswana; Consumers' preferences – Petroleum industry and trade – Botswana; Customer loyalty – Petroleum industry and trade – Botswana; Brand name products – Petroleum industry and trade – Botswana

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mokabiri, G. (2009). Customer loyalty towards brands within Botswana's petroleum industry . (Thesis). Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Retrieved from http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/994

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mokabiri, Goabaone. “Customer loyalty towards brands within Botswana's petroleum industry .” 2009. Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/994.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mokabiri, Goabaone. “Customer loyalty towards brands within Botswana's petroleum industry .” 2009. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Mokabiri G. Customer loyalty towards brands within Botswana's petroleum industry . [Internet] [Thesis]. Cape Peninsula University of Technology; 2009. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/994.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Mokabiri G. Customer loyalty towards brands within Botswana's petroleum industry . [Thesis]. Cape Peninsula University of Technology; 2009. Available from: http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/994

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

24. Liu, Yi. Modelling and characterisation of the pyrolysis of secondary refuse fuel briquettes and biomass materials.

Degree: PhD, University of Glamorgan, 2012, University of South Wales

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10265/572

►

This research was established due to an increase of interest in renewable energy sources and utilisation of various wastes and biomass. Gasification is currently one… (more)

▼

This research was established due to an increase of interest in renewable energy sources and utilisation of various wastes and biomass. Gasification is currently one of the most promising thermal-chemical conversion techniques for recovering energy from waste, and the pyrolytic behaviour of secondary refuse fuel (SRF) briquettes and biomass-derived fuels is the starting point for the process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pyrolytic characteristics of SRF briquettes and biomass materials, suggest a kinetic model for simulating the pyrolytic process and obtaining the kinetic parameters, and then predict the yield of volatile products in pyrolysis. Knowledge of the chemical composition, the thermal behaviour and the reactivity of SRF briquettes and their blends with other materials, such as biomass and plastic during pyrolysis is very important for the effective design operation of gasification units. The kinetics of the pyrolysis of simulated SRF briquettes, SRF briquettes and pulverised biomass samples was successfully modelled by a scheme consisting of two independent general order parallel reactions of the main components which were hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin and plastic. The kinetic parameters estimated through the model were comparable with those reported in the literature. In this research, activation energy values varied between 30 – 70 kJ/mol for lignin pyrolysis, 96 – 137 kJ/mol for hemicellulose and cellulose pyrolysis, and about 260 kJ/mol for plastic pyrolysis. Biomass has a very high volatile content. Adding biomass into SRF briquettes could increase the volatile yield. Increasing the plastic content of SRF briquettes could increase the volatile yield, the derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) peak height and the repeatability of pyrolysis. Inorganic component could shift the cellulose pyrolysis to a lower temperature and cause the hemicellulose pyrolysis and the cellulose pyrolysis highly overlapped, but it could have a positive effect by acting as catalysts and lower the activation energy in the pyrolysis of hemicellulose and cellulose. Molasses used as a binder could improve the DTG peak height and restrain the curve shifting effect of inorganic component on the hemicellulose and cellulose pyrolysis, but couldn’t restrain the lignin pyrolysis at low temperatures during the hemicellulose and cellulose pyrolysis. Molasses could restrain the effect of the lignin pyrolysis at high temperatures on the plastic pyrolysis. Mechanical biological treatment (MBT) process could highly improve the volatile yield and improve the DTG peak height of SRF briquettes.

This research was established due to an increase of interest in renewable energy sources and utilisation of various wastes and biomass. Gasification is currently one of the most promising thermal-chemical conversion techniques for recovering energy from waste, and the pyrolytic behaviour of secondary refuse fuel (SRF) briquettes and biomass-derived fuels is the starting point for the process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate…

Subjects/Keywords: Waste products as fuel; Biomass energy; Renewable energy sources; 333.7938

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APA (6^th Edition):

Liu, Y. (2012). Modelling and characterisation of the pyrolysis of secondary refuse fuel briquettes and biomass materials. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of South Wales. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10265/572

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Liu, Yi. “Modelling and characterisation of the pyrolysis of secondary refuse fuel briquettes and biomass materials.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of South Wales. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10265/572.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Liu, Yi. “Modelling and characterisation of the pyrolysis of secondary refuse fuel briquettes and biomass materials.” 2012. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Liu Y. Modelling and characterisation of the pyrolysis of secondary refuse fuel briquettes and biomass materials. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of South Wales; 2012. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10265/572.

Council of Science Editors:

Liu Y. Modelling and characterisation of the pyrolysis of secondary refuse fuel briquettes and biomass materials. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of South Wales; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10265/572

Cape Peninsula University of Technology

25. Gesha, Hlonela. An analysis of the environmental impacts of biomass application in hybrid microgrids in South Africa .

Degree: 2018, Cape Peninsula University of Technology

URL: http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/2764

► In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), there are several challenges that hinder development. One of these challenges is access to electricity. There are numerous benefits to having… (more)

▼ In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), there are several challenges that hinder development. One of these challenges is access to electricity. There are numerous benefits to having access to reliable electricity. These include less time spent fetching water from rivers and dams, as water purification systems for households could be used in villages; children in villages would be able to spend more time doing their schoolwork and not fetching wood for fire; and automated irrigation systems could be used for villagers to farm and make an income. Finding alternative ways to generate electricity would enable access to electricity for regions that currently do not have the electricity. This means that large organisations need to find alternative ways of generating electricity, as they have the means to do so. With the current renewable energy technologies available, there are now more ways in which electricity could be generated. The use of biomass is no exception to this. With constant developments in the renewable energy sector, waste-to-energy (WtE) is proving to be a viable method to generate electricity. The main aim of this research was to determine if a commercial food retailing organisation could use their food waste for generating electricity for their own use to reduce their demand from the central grid. A way of determining the viability of this type of technology is using a software that simulates renewable energy projects. In this research, an organisation was contacted for waste data. Systems for two of the stores will be simulated and results will be discussed. The organisation will remain anonymous. The software used in this research is System Advisor Model (SAM), which was developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in the United States. In the results, three results were discussed. These are the monthly energy, monthly heat rate and the monthly boiler efficiency for each of the stores for Store 1, the annual energy simulated was 138,509 kWh and 131,677 kWh for Store 2. Monthly energy averages for each store were 11,542 kWh for Store 1 and 10,973 kWh for Store 2, respectively. There are several opportunities for research based on the findings. These include researching other food sectors in the study; conducting a financial analysis of small-scale WtE systems; constructing a prototype of the system; and using three different softwares to simulate a system for the same project.

Subjects/Keywords: Waste products as fuel; Biomass energy; Energy development; Renewable energy sources

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gesha, H. (2018). An analysis of the environmental impacts of biomass application in hybrid microgrids in South Africa . (Thesis). Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Retrieved from http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/2764

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gesha, Hlonela. “An analysis of the environmental impacts of biomass application in hybrid microgrids in South Africa .” 2018. Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/2764.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gesha, Hlonela. “An analysis of the environmental impacts of biomass application in hybrid microgrids in South Africa .” 2018. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Gesha H. An analysis of the environmental impacts of biomass application in hybrid microgrids in South Africa . [Internet] [Thesis]. Cape Peninsula University of Technology; 2018. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/2764.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Gesha H. An analysis of the environmental impacts of biomass application in hybrid microgrids in South Africa . [Thesis]. Cape Peninsula University of Technology; 2018. Available from: http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/2764

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

26. Liu, Yi. Modelling and characterisation of the pyrolysis of secondary refuse fuel briquettes and biomass materials.

Degree: PhD, 2010, University of South Wales

URL: https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/modelling-and-characterisation-of-the-pyrolysis-of-secondary-refuse-fuel-briquettes-and-biomass-materials(b5b30d2e-92ca-4e2a-926e-81e09898f5b8).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539327

► This research was established due to an increase of interest in renewable energy sources and utilisation of various wastes and biomass. Gasification is currently one… (more)

▼ This research was established due to an increase of interest in renewable energy sources and utilisation of various wastes and biomass. Gasification is currently one of the most promising thermal-chemical conversion techniques for recovering energy from waste, and the pyrolytic behaviour of secondary refuse fuel (SRF) briquettes and biomass-derived fuels is the starting point for the process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pyrolytic characteristics of SRF briquettes and biomass materials, suggest a kinetic model for simulating the pyrolytic process and obtaining the kinetic parameters, and then predict the yield of volatile products in pyrolysis. Knowledge of the chemical composition, the thermal behaviour and the reactivity of SRF briquettes and their blends with other materials, such as biomass and plastic during pyrolysis is very important for the effective design operation of gasification units. The kinetics of the pyrolysis of simulated SRF briquettes, SRF briquettes and pulverised biomass samples was successfully modelled by a scheme consisting of two independent general order parallel reactions of the main components which were hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin and plastic. The kinetic parameters estimated through the model were comparable with those reported in the literature. In this research, activation energy values varied between 30 – 70 kJ/mol for lignin pyrolysis, 96 – 137 kJ/mol for hemicellulose and cellulose pyrolysis, and about 260 kJ/mol for plastic pyrolysis. Biomass has a very high volatile content. Adding biomass into SRF briquettes could increase the volatile yield. Increasing the plastic content of SRF briquettes could increase the volatile yield, the derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) peak height and the repeatability of pyrolysis. Inorganic component could shift the cellulose pyrolysis to a lower temperature and cause the hemicellulose pyrolysis and the cellulose pyrolysis highly overlapped, but it could have a positive effect by acting as catalysts and lower the activation energy in the pyrolysis of hemicellulose and cellulose. Molasses used as a binder could improve the DTG peak height and restrain the curve shifting effect of inorganic component on the hemicellulose and cellulose pyrolysis, but couldn’t restrain the lignin pyrolysis at low temperatures during the hemicellulose and cellulose pyrolysis. Molasses could restrain the effect of the lignin pyrolysis at high temperatures on the plastic pyrolysis. Mechanical biological treatment (MBT) process could highly improve the volatile yield and improve the DTG peak height of SRF briquettes.

Subjects/Keywords: 333.7938; Waste products as fuel; Biomass energy; Renewable energy sources

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APA (6^th Edition):

Liu, Y. (2010). Modelling and characterisation of the pyrolysis of secondary refuse fuel briquettes and biomass materials. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of South Wales. Retrieved from https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/modelling-and-characterisation-of-the-pyrolysis-of-secondary-refuse-fuel-briquettes-and-biomass-materials(b5b30d2e-92ca-4e2a-926e-81e09898f5b8).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539327

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Liu, Yi. “Modelling and characterisation of the pyrolysis of secondary refuse fuel briquettes and biomass materials.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, University of South Wales. Accessed December 05, 2019. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/modelling-and-characterisation-of-the-pyrolysis-of-secondary-refuse-fuel-briquettes-and-biomass-materials(b5b30d2e-92ca-4e2a-926e-81e09898f5b8).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539327.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Liu, Yi. “Modelling and characterisation of the pyrolysis of secondary refuse fuel briquettes and biomass materials.” 2010. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Liu Y. Modelling and characterisation of the pyrolysis of secondary refuse fuel briquettes and biomass materials. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of South Wales; 2010. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/modelling-and-characterisation-of-the-pyrolysis-of-secondary-refuse-fuel-briquettes-and-biomass-materials(b5b30d2e-92ca-4e2a-926e-81e09898f5b8).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539327.

Council of Science Editors:

Liu Y. Modelling and characterisation of the pyrolysis of secondary refuse fuel briquettes and biomass materials. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of South Wales; 2010. Available from: https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/modelling-and-characterisation-of-the-pyrolysis-of-secondary-refuse-fuel-briquettes-and-biomass-materials(b5b30d2e-92ca-4e2a-926e-81e09898f5b8).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539327

Anna University

27. PURUSHOTHAMAN K. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF A DI DIESEL ENGINE USING FUEL DERIVED FROM ORANGE PEEL;.

Degree: Internal Combustion Engines, 2009, Anna University

URL: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/17539

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For more than 70 years, in many countries bio-fuels have played an newlineimportant role as fuel in automobiles as they are renewable, eco-friendly and newlinenon-toxic.… (more)

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For more than 70 years, in many countries bio-fuels have played an newlineimportant role as fuel in automobiles as they are renewable, eco-friendly and newlinenon-toxic. They can effectively substitute diesel fuel and help to reduce the newlineimport of petroleum crude. Besides, they can create huge rural employment. newlineOrange skin is a biomass which is found as a waste in our day-today newlinelife. Orange skin powder and orange oil have a considerable heating value newlineand other physical properties that suit them to be good energy sources. The newlinemain focus of the present investigation is to effectively use orange skin newlinepowder diesel solution and orange oil as sources of energy in a compression newlinecompression newlineA single cylinder, four stroke, air cooled, direct injection diesel newlineengine, developing 4.4 kW at a rated speed of 1500 rpm was used in this newlineinvestigation. Tests were carried out to study the combustion, performance newlineand emission characteristics of the diesel engine fueled with orange skin newlinepowder diesel solution and orange oil. The test results were compared with newlinethe diesel fuel baseline readings. newlineIn the first technique, a test fuel was prepared in the form of orange newlineskin powder diesel solution (OSPDS) in different percentages (i.e. 10 %, newline20 % and 30 %). In the second technique, an optimum OSPDS was used as newlinefuel at different nozzle opening pressures, viz., 215 bar, 235 bar and 255 bar. newline newlineIn the third technique, orange oil in different percentages (i.e. 10 % to 100 % newlinein steps of 10 % on a volume basis) was blended with diesel fuel. It was found newlinethat cold starting would be difficult if orange oil is used as a sole fuel in the newlineengine, due to its high initial distillation temperature. In the fourth technique, newlinean attempt was made to use 100 % orange oil in the diesel engine with newlineDiethyl Ether (DEE) as an ignition improver by admitting DEE into the newlineengine at three flow rates viz., 22 mg/s, 36 mg/s and 60 mg/s along with the newlineintake air and orange oil was injected into the cylinder., emissions and combustion newlinecharacteristics of the engine fueled wi

Advisors/Committee Members: NAGARAJAN G.

Subjects/Keywords: bio-fuels; compression; diesel; Diethyl Ether; eco-friendly; non-toxic; OSPDS; petroleum; renewable

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

K, P. (2009). EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF A DI DIESEL ENGINE USING FUEL DERIVED FROM ORANGE PEEL;. (Thesis). Anna University. Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/17539

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

K, PURUSHOTHAMAN. “EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF A DI DIESEL ENGINE USING FUEL DERIVED FROM ORANGE PEEL;.” 2009. Thesis, Anna University. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/17539.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

K, PURUSHOTHAMAN. “EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF A DI DIESEL ENGINE USING FUEL DERIVED FROM ORANGE PEEL;.” 2009. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

K P. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF A DI DIESEL ENGINE USING FUEL DERIVED FROM ORANGE PEEL;. [Internet] [Thesis]. Anna University; 2009. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/17539.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

K P. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF A DI DIESEL ENGINE USING FUEL DERIVED FROM ORANGE PEEL;. [Thesis]. Anna University; 2009. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/17539

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Delft University of Technology

28. Taminiau, G.J. Villa Submersio Rustica:.

Degree: 2015, Delft University of Technology

URL: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d81805bc-ca11-48f7-98f7-c54a795282f3

Een architectuur project over biobased bouwen en vergankelijkheid. Advisors/Committee Members: Asselbergs, T.A., Bilow, M..

Subjects/Keywords: biobased

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Taminiau, G. J. (2015). Villa Submersio Rustica:. (Masters Thesis). Delft University of Technology. Retrieved from http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d81805bc-ca11-48f7-98f7-c54a795282f3

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Taminiau, G J. “Villa Submersio Rustica:.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Delft University of Technology. Accessed December 05, 2019. http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d81805bc-ca11-48f7-98f7-c54a795282f3.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Taminiau, G J. “Villa Submersio Rustica:.” 2015. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Taminiau GJ. Villa Submersio Rustica:. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2015. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d81805bc-ca11-48f7-98f7-c54a795282f3.

Council of Science Editors:

Taminiau GJ. Villa Submersio Rustica:. [Masters Thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2015. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d81805bc-ca11-48f7-98f7-c54a795282f3

University of Alberta

29. Ivory, John. Effect of increased wellhead petroleum prices on some Alberta industries.

Degree: MSin Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 1973, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/gm80hx37c

Subjects/Keywords: Petroleum products – Prices – Alberta.; Petroleum industry and trade – Alberta.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ivory, J. (1973). Effect of increased wellhead petroleum prices on some Alberta industries. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/gm80hx37c

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ivory, John. “Effect of increased wellhead petroleum prices on some Alberta industries.” 1973. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed December 05, 2019. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/gm80hx37c.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ivory, John. “Effect of increased wellhead petroleum prices on some Alberta industries.” 1973. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Ivory J. Effect of increased wellhead petroleum prices on some Alberta industries. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 1973. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/gm80hx37c.

Council of Science Editors:

Ivory J. Effect of increased wellhead petroleum prices on some Alberta industries. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 1973. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/gm80hx37c

University of Alberta

30. McConaghy, Dennis J. The price and income sensitivity of Canada's potential frontier crude oil resources.

Degree: MS, Department of Chemical Engineering, 1975, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/zc77ss10c

"Fall, 1975."

Subjects/Keywords: Petroleum products – Prices – Canada.; Petroleum industry and trade – Canada.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

McConaghy, D. J. (1975). The price and income sensitivity of Canada's potential frontier crude oil resources. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/zc77ss10c

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

McConaghy, Dennis J. “The price and income sensitivity of Canada's potential frontier crude oil resources.” 1975. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed December 05, 2019. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/zc77ss10c.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

McConaghy, Dennis J. “The price and income sensitivity of Canada's potential frontier crude oil resources.” 1975. Web. 05 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

McConaghy DJ. The price and income sensitivity of Canada's potential frontier crude oil resources. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 1975. [cited 2019 Dec 05]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/zc77ss10c.

Council of Science Editors:

McConaghy DJ. The price and income sensitivity of Canada's potential frontier crude oil resources. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 1975. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/zc77ss10c

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