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National University of Ireland – Galway
1.
Conroy, Christine.
A High Pressure Shock Tube and Rapid Compression Machine Study of n-Butylcyclohexane and its Mixtures with n-Heptane
.
Degree: 2013, National University of Ireland – Galway
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10379/3926 
► This study presents a high pressure experimental and modelling investigation on the ignition of n-butylcyclohexane and its mixtures with n-heptane. Mixtures were chosen to represent…
(more)
▼ This study presents a high pressure experimental and modelling investigation on the ignition of n-butylcyclohexane and its mixtures with n-heptane. Mixtures were chosen to represent a surrogate for n-decylcyclohexane, a constituent of transportation fuels which has an extremely low vapour pressure and hence it is currently impossible to carry out gas phase experiments using this fuel. Thus, mixtures of 53% n-butylcyclohexane and 47% n-heptane were prepared and studied to mimic the same hydrogen/carbon ratio as n-decylcyclohexane.
Ignition delay times were measured in two heated shock tubes in the temperature range 800 - 1550 K, at reflected shock 1, 10, 30 and 50 atm and at equivalence ratios of 0.3, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 in air for both n-butylcyclohexane and mixtures of n-butylcyclohexane / n-heptane.
The shock tubes used in this study consists of a 3 m driver section and 5.73 m driven section separated by a double diaphragm section. Upon rupture of the diaphragm a shock wave is generated. This shock wave moves into the driven section compressing and heating the test gas. The ignition delay time is defined as the time from the arrival of the shock wave at the end wall to the ignition of the fuel. Ignition delay times were measured from 50 µs to 3 ms.
Ignition delay times were also measured in a heated
rapid compression machine in the
temperature range 580 - 800 K, at compressed gas pressures of 10 and 30 atm for both n-butylcyclohexane and mixtures of n-butylcyclohexane / n-heptane at the equivalence ratios outlined for the shock tube.
The
rapid compression machine used in this study is a twin opposed system capable of
compression of test gas mixtures up to 60 atm with a
compression time of approximately 16 ms. Ignition delay times were measured from 3 ms to 100 ms.
Due to the low vapour pressures of the fuels used in this study homogeneous heating of the equipment was essential to ensure that the fuel remained in the gas phase. Heating systems were installed onto the shock tubes and
rapid compression machine, mixing tanks and manifolds.
Experimental results obtained for both n-butylcyclohexane and mixtures of n-butylcyclohexane / n-heptane were compared to simulations of two models which are available in the literature, JetSurF 2.0 and Natelson et al.. The models failed to capture the experimental data.
In addition ignition delay times are also measured in the low pressure shock tube. This is a stainless steel shock tube with a 6.22 m driven section and a barrel shaped driver section. This is a single diaphragm shock tube. During an experiment the diaphragm is ruptured by a cross shaped cutter housed inside the driven section of the shock tube. Increased drive gas pressure caused the diaphragm to bulge and come in contact with the cutter resulting in the bursting of the diaphragm. Ignition delay time is defined as the time from the arrival of shock wave at the end wall to the maximum rise in CH* emission. Ignition delay times were measured from 50 µs to 1000 µs.
Ignition delay times of the isomers of…
Advisors/Committee Members: Curran, Henry J (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Shock tube;
Rapid compression machine;
Large cycloalkane
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APA (6th Edition):
Conroy, C. (2013). A High Pressure Shock Tube and Rapid Compression Machine Study of n-Butylcyclohexane and its Mixtures with n-Heptane
. (Thesis). National University of Ireland – Galway. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10379/3926
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Conroy, Christine. “A High Pressure Shock Tube and Rapid Compression Machine Study of n-Butylcyclohexane and its Mixtures with n-Heptane
.” 2013. Thesis, National University of Ireland – Galway. Accessed January 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/3926.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Conroy, Christine. “A High Pressure Shock Tube and Rapid Compression Machine Study of n-Butylcyclohexane and its Mixtures with n-Heptane
.” 2013. Web. 22 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Conroy C. A High Pressure Shock Tube and Rapid Compression Machine Study of n-Butylcyclohexane and its Mixtures with n-Heptane
. [Internet] [Thesis]. National University of Ireland – Galway; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10379/3926.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Conroy C. A High Pressure Shock Tube and Rapid Compression Machine Study of n-Butylcyclohexane and its Mixtures with n-Heptane
. [Thesis]. National University of Ireland – Galway; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10379/3926
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
2.
Min, Kyungwook.
Ignition delay study of next generation alternative jet fuels in a rapid compression machine.
Degree: MS, Mechanical Engineering, 2015, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/88293
► Alternative fuels have been widely and actively investigated recently to alleviate an impending energy crisis. Rising environmental, economical, and political concerns requires employments of alternative…
(more)
▼ Alternative fuels have been widely and actively investigated recently to alleviate an impending
energy crisis. Rising environmental, economical, and political concerns requires employments of
alternative sources of energy other than conventional fossil fuels. Alternative aviation fuels from
diverse bio-feedstock have been introduced to reduce dependency on fossil fuels and
environmental effects. However, combustion characteristics and properties of the newly
developed fuels are not yet comprehensively understood. Recent studies have been examined to
obtain combustion characteristics of alternative aviation fuels, as well as physical and chemical
properties. The primary goal of this study is to determine the ignition delay time of jet fuels of
interest; conventional, alternative, and surrogate blends. By measuring the pressure trace of
autoignition in
rapid compression machine, ignition delay time is captured through the pressure
derivative. Category A fuels represent conventional jet fuels. Three of the category A fuels of
interest are Jet A(Jet A-2), the nominal commercial aviation fuel, JP-8(Jet A-1) and JP-5(Jet A-3),
both of which are conventional military jet fuels. Fuels in category C are the surrogate fuels with
specific targeted physical properties, or chemical composition. They are either produced from
bio feedstock, or blend of them with conventional fuels or surrogate components. Amyris
Farnesame, Gevo ATJ(C-1), blend of tetradecane and trimethylbenzene (C-2), blend of JP-5 and
farnesane (C-3), blend of Sasol IPK and Gevo ATJ (C-4), blend of decane and trimethylbenzene
(C-5) are tested through the study. A
rapid compression machine at the University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign is used for testing, with the direct test chamber charge preparation method.
DTC configuration has advantages in avoiding thermal decomposition and controllability.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lee, Tonghun (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Alternative fuels; Ignition delay; Rapid compression machine
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APA (6th Edition):
Min, K. (2015). Ignition delay study of next generation alternative jet fuels in a rapid compression machine. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/88293
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Min, Kyungwook. “Ignition delay study of next generation alternative jet fuels in a rapid compression machine.” 2015. Thesis, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed January 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/88293.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Min, Kyungwook. “Ignition delay study of next generation alternative jet fuels in a rapid compression machine.” 2015. Web. 22 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Min K. Ignition delay study of next generation alternative jet fuels in a rapid compression machine. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/88293.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Min K. Ignition delay study of next generation alternative jet fuels in a rapid compression machine. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/88293
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Colorado State University
3.
Zdanowicz, Andrew.
End-gas autoignition propensity and flame propagation rate measurements in laser-ignited rapid compression machine experiments.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Mechanical Engineering, 2019, Colorado State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/197394
► Knock in spark-ignited (SI) engines is initiated by autoignition and detonation in the unburned gases upstream of spark-ignited, propagating, turbulent premixed flames. Knock propensity of…
(more)
▼ Knock in spark-ignited (SI) engines is initiated by autoignition and detonation in the unburned gases upstream of spark-ignited, propagating, turbulent premixed flames. Knock propensity of fuel/air mixtures is typically quantified using research octane number (RON), motor octane number (MON), or methane number (MN; for gaseous fuels), which are measured using single-cylinder, variable
compression ratio engines. In this study, knock propensity of SI fuels was quantified via observations of end-gas autoignition (EGAI) in unburned gases upstream of laser-ignited, premixed flames at elevated pressures and temperatures in a
rapid compression machine. Stoichiometric primary reference fuel (PRF; n-heptane/isooctane) blends of varying reactivity (50 ≤ PRF ≤ 100) were ignited using an Nd:YAG laser over a range of temperatures and pressures, all in excess of 545 K and 16.1 bar. Laser-ignition produced outwardly-propagating premixed flames. High-speed pressure measurements and schlieren images indicated the presence of EGAI. The fraction of the total heat release attributed to EGAI (i.e., EGAI fraction) varied strongly with fuel reactivity (i.e., octane number) and the time-integrated temperature in the end-gas prior to ignition. Flame propagation rates, which were measured using schlieren images, did not vary strongly with octane number but were affected by turbulence caused by variation in piston timing. Under conditions of low turbulence, measured flame propagation rates agreed with the theoretical premixed laminar flame speeds quantified by 1-D calculations performed at the same conditions. Experiments were compared to a three-dimensional CONVERGE™ model with reduced chemical kinetics. Model results accurately captured the measured flame propagation rates, as well as the variation in EGAI fraction with fuel reactivity and time-integrated end-gas temperature. Model results also revealed low-temperature heat release and hydrogen peroxide formation in the end-gas upstream of the propagating laminar flame, which increased the temperature and degree of chain branching in the end-gas and ultimately led to EGAI.
Advisors/Committee Members: Marchese, Anthony (advisor), Windom, Bret (committee member), Hampson, Greg (committee member), Reardon, Ken (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: engine knock; octane number; CFD modeling; rapid compression machine; fuel reactivity
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Zdanowicz, A. (2019). End-gas autoignition propensity and flame propagation rate measurements in laser-ignited rapid compression machine experiments. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/197394
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Zdanowicz, Andrew. “End-gas autoignition propensity and flame propagation rate measurements in laser-ignited rapid compression machine experiments.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed January 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10217/197394.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Zdanowicz, Andrew. “End-gas autoignition propensity and flame propagation rate measurements in laser-ignited rapid compression machine experiments.” 2019. Web. 22 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Zdanowicz A. End-gas autoignition propensity and flame propagation rate measurements in laser-ignited rapid compression machine experiments. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/197394.
Council of Science Editors:
Zdanowicz A. End-gas autoignition propensity and flame propagation rate measurements in laser-ignited rapid compression machine experiments. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/197394
4.
Ben Houidi, Moez.
Etude de l'influence des caractéristiques de carburants de synthèse sur la combustion diesel avancée homogène et partiellement homogène : Study of the impact of properties of synthetic fuels on diesel combustion.
Degree: Docteur es, Energétique, thermique, combustion, 2014, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique
URL: http://www.theses.fr/2014ESMA0013
► Dans un contexte de recherche de nouveaux modes de combustion propres, la combustionhomogène à allumage par compression HCCI s’inscrit comme une stratégie prometteuse.Cependant, cette combustion…
(more)
▼ Dans un contexte de recherche de nouveaux modes de combustion propres, la combustionhomogène à allumage par compression HCCI s’inscrit comme une stratégie prometteuse.Cependant, cette combustion est limitée par un niveau élevé de bruit. La recherche descarburants permettant de relaxer cette contrainte constitue l’objectif global de cette étude.Particulièrement, on s’intéresse ici à l’influence de l’Indice de Cétane, de la volatilité et de lacomposition chimique des carburants sur les Délais d’Auto-Inflammation et sur les vitesses decombustion globales évaluées par les taux maximaux d’accroissement de la pression et dudégagement d’énergie apparente. L’étude se base dans un premier temps sur l’analyse d’essaissur banc moteur dans lesquels on a testé plusieurs carburants de synthèse à l’état pur et enmélange avec un Gazole conventionnel. Dans un deuxième temps des essais ont été préparés etréalisés sur Machine à Compression Rapide avec deux configurations en injection directe et enmélange homogène. Les essais Moteur ont permis d’orienter les paramètres expérimentauxciblés sur ce dispositif. D’autre part, pour étudier les régimes de combustion, des mesures dechamps de température locale ont été réalisées en mélange inerte (N2, CO2, Ar) par FluorescenceInduite par Laser avec un traceur Toluène. L’étude montre les limites des paramètres habituelspour caractériser l’adéquation carburant combustion HCCI et propose un nouveau critère basésur la dépendance des délais d’auto-inflammation à la température et à la richesse.
Advanced combustion strategies such as Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI)usually enable cleaner combustion with less NOx and Particulate Matter emissions comparedto conventional Diesel combustion. However, these strategies are difficult to implement due todifficulties related to combustion timing and burn rate control. Lately various studies have beenfocusing on extending advanced combustion functioning with new technologies and withsearching fuels properties to enable such combustion modes. This study is focused on theimpact of fuel Cetane Number, volatility and chemical composition on Ignition Delay, HeatRelease Rate and Pressure Rise Rate. The study is based on three complementary experiments.First, several synthetic fuel was tested on a research engine and analysis was focused on theHeat Release Rate. Secondly, experiments on a Rapid Compression Machine were performedto study the auto-ignition phenomena at homogeneous conditions with surrogate fuels (blendsof n-Heptane and Methyl-Cyclohexane). Analysis of the combustion regimes was supported bya study of the temperature field based on a Toluene Laser Induced Fluorescence experiment ininert (N2, CO2, Ar) mixture. Finally, the RCM was adapted to allow direct injection of fuel tostudy the auto-ignition at less homogeneous conditions. Results showed the limits of theconventional fuels properties to describe an adequate fuel formulation for the HCCI combustionmode. A new criterion based on the dependency of ignition delays to temperature and air…
Advisors/Committee Members: Bellenoue, Marc (thesis director), Sotton, Julien (thesis director).
Subjects/Keywords: Machine à compression rapide; Régime de combustion; Combustion homogène a allumage par compression; Indice de cétane; Rapid Compression Machine; Combustion regime; Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition; Cetane number
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Ben Houidi, M. (2014). Etude de l'influence des caractéristiques de carburants de synthèse sur la combustion diesel avancée homogène et partiellement homogène : Study of the impact of properties of synthetic fuels on diesel combustion. (Doctoral Dissertation). Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2014ESMA0013
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ben Houidi, Moez. “Etude de l'influence des caractéristiques de carburants de synthèse sur la combustion diesel avancée homogène et partiellement homogène : Study of the impact of properties of synthetic fuels on diesel combustion.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique. Accessed January 22, 2021.
http://www.theses.fr/2014ESMA0013.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ben Houidi, Moez. “Etude de l'influence des caractéristiques de carburants de synthèse sur la combustion diesel avancée homogène et partiellement homogène : Study of the impact of properties of synthetic fuels on diesel combustion.” 2014. Web. 22 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Ben Houidi M. Etude de l'influence des caractéristiques de carburants de synthèse sur la combustion diesel avancée homogène et partiellement homogène : Study of the impact of properties of synthetic fuels on diesel combustion. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 22].
Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2014ESMA0013.
Council of Science Editors:
Ben Houidi M. Etude de l'influence des caractéristiques de carburants de synthèse sur la combustion diesel avancée homogène et partiellement homogène : Study of the impact of properties of synthetic fuels on diesel combustion. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique; 2014. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2014ESMA0013
University of Colorado
5.
Draper, Anthony Diego.
Towards Fast Dual Frequency Comb Spectroscopy in Dynamic High Pressure Systems.
Degree: MS, 2018, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/asen_gradetds/242
► Laser absorption spectroscopy is a non-intrusive diagnostic tool particularly well-suited to investigate the dynamic and harsh conditions commonly found within combustion systems. By measuring the…
(more)
▼ Laser absorption spectroscopy is a non-intrusive diagnostic tool particularly well-suited to investigate the dynamic and harsh conditions commonly found within combustion systems. By measuring the amount of light absorbed at specific wavelengths that are resonant with rotational-vibrational transitions in molecules, absorption spectroscopy gives a measure of the molecular population in particular quantum states. Experimental spectra are fit with a simulation generated from spectral line shape models combined with a spectroscopic database to infer species concentrations, temperature, and pressure. Dual frequency comb spectroscopy (DCS) with mode-locked frequency comb lasers is an emerging form of absorption spectroscopy that yields both high resolution (<1 GHz) and broad bandwidth spectra (>10 THz) on
rapid timescales (< 2 ms). There are two key challenges facing DCS in dynamic combustion environments. First, obtaining high signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) spectra has traditionally involved coherently averaging hundreds of individual spectra over seconds to minutes before fitting. Second, at the high temperatures and pressures commonly found within combustion systems, the existing line shape models and spectroscopic databases are known to not capture all of the key molecular physics, thereby requiring empirical extension and validation. This work presents techniques to enable
rapid DCS measurements of thermodynamic properties in dynamic high-pressure, high-temperature, environments through power optimization and apodization to improve the short-term SNR. A
rapid compression machine at Colorado State University is instrumented with a portable DCS spectrometer and temperature is recovered at 704 µs resolution from 1-21 bar and 294-566 K. This demonstrates the ability of DCS to be applied to combustion-relevant timescales for both broad bandwidth and high resolution non-intrusive measurements of harsh systems. The design development of an optical testbed that creates a well-known, high-temperature, and high-pressure environment is additionally discussed. This subsequently will enable determination of the accuracy limitations of existing molecular absorption models, as well as allow for model expansion. Together these abilities enable laser measurements to better evaluate and optimize combustion systems, including improved understanding of the underlying molecular processes. Proper understanding of the molecular dynamics will allow for instrumentation and quantification of more extreme environments such as inside rocket engines or the atmospheres of distant planets.
Advisors/Committee Members: Gregory B. Rieker, Brian M. Argrow, John W. Daily.
Subjects/Keywords: frequency combs; rapid compression machine; spectroscopy; thermodynamic properties; optimization; Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics; Aerospace Engineering
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Draper, A. D. (2018). Towards Fast Dual Frequency Comb Spectroscopy in Dynamic High Pressure Systems. (Masters Thesis). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/asen_gradetds/242
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Draper, Anthony Diego. “Towards Fast Dual Frequency Comb Spectroscopy in Dynamic High Pressure Systems.” 2018. Masters Thesis, University of Colorado. Accessed January 22, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/asen_gradetds/242.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Draper, Anthony Diego. “Towards Fast Dual Frequency Comb Spectroscopy in Dynamic High Pressure Systems.” 2018. Web. 22 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Draper AD. Towards Fast Dual Frequency Comb Spectroscopy in Dynamic High Pressure Systems. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Colorado; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 22].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/asen_gradetds/242.
Council of Science Editors:
Draper AD. Towards Fast Dual Frequency Comb Spectroscopy in Dynamic High Pressure Systems. [Masters Thesis]. University of Colorado; 2018. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/asen_gradetds/242
National University of Ireland – Galway
6.
Darcy, Daniel.
An Experimental and Modelling Study of the Oxidation of n-Propylbenzene Over a Wide Range of Temperatures and Pressures and its Comparison with n-Butylbenzene
.
Degree: 2013, National University of Ireland – Galway
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10379/3578
► This study presents an experimental and modeling investigation of the ignition of n-propylbenzene and a mixture of n-propylbenzene and n-heptane. This mixture was chosen to…
(more)
▼ This study presents an experimental and modeling investigation of the ignition of n-propylbenzene and a mixture of n-propylbenzene and n-heptane. This mixture was chosen to represent a surrogate for n-decylbenzene a common constituent of transport fuels which is extremely difficult to study in the vapour phase due to its low vapour pressure. n-Propylbenzene was chosen to study as it has a sufficiently high vapour pressure to study alkyl aromatic compounds commonly found in transport fuels.
This study was carried out over a wide variety of temperatures, pressures and equivalence ratios in a shock tube and
rapid compression machine. Ignition delay times were measured in the shock tube over the temperature range of approximately 1000-1600 K at pressures of 1, 10, 30 and 50 atm and for equivalence ratios of 0.29, 0.48, 0.96 and 1.92 for pure n-propylbenzene while the equivalence ratios of 0.29, 0.49, 0.98 and 1.95 were used for the n-propylbenzene and n-heptane mixtures. This study is the first of its kind as it describes the ignition characteristics of n-propylbenzene in both the high and low temperatures while also describing the effects of varying pressures from very low pressures (1 atm) to high engine like pressures (50 bar). This wide range of conditions studied help to validate the chemical kinetic mechanism produced in this study.
The high pressure shock tube is a 8.7 m long stainless steel tube divided into a driver and driven section by a double diaphragm section. Upon rupture of the diaphragm section a shock wave rushes from the high pressure driver section into the relatively low pressure driven section which contains the test gas. This test gas is pressurized and heated by the shock wave which results in chemical reactions which ultimately result in the ignition of the fuel mixture. The time from
compression of the fuel to the desired pressure to ignition is defined as the ignition delay time which is measured in each experiment. The time scale of ignition occurring in the shock is between 50 microseconds and 3 milliseconds.
Ignition delay times were also measured in the unique twin-opposed piston
rapid compression machine at the same equivalence ratios as described for the shock tube. The pressures studied in the
rapid compression machine were 10, 30 and 50 atm and the temperature range was approximately 600-1000 K. For pure n-propylbenzene ignition only occurred after 750 K thus limiting the range of experiments available. The time scale of these experiments is from 3 to approximately 500 milliseconds but there is a greater discrepancy in the longer ignition delay times due to greater heat loss.
Experiments were carried out on both pure n-propylbenzene and with a 57 % / 43 % mixture of n-propylbenzene and n-heptane. n-Propylbenzene was chosen as it is expected to exhibit sufficiently similar chemistry to longer n-alkylbenzenes of which there is not a great deal of experimental data. The mixture conditions were chosen with similar molecular weight and carbon / hydrogen ratio to a larger…
Advisors/Committee Members: Curran, Henry J (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Propylbenzene;
Butylbenzene;
Ignition delay;
Oxidation;
Shock tube;
Rapid compression machine;
Kinetic modelling;
Chemistry
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Record Details
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Darcy, D. (2013). An Experimental and Modelling Study of the Oxidation of n-Propylbenzene Over a Wide Range of Temperatures and Pressures and its Comparison with n-Butylbenzene
. (Thesis). National University of Ireland – Galway. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10379/3578
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Darcy, Daniel. “An Experimental and Modelling Study of the Oxidation of n-Propylbenzene Over a Wide Range of Temperatures and Pressures and its Comparison with n-Butylbenzene
.” 2013. Thesis, National University of Ireland – Galway. Accessed January 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/3578.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Darcy, Daniel. “An Experimental and Modelling Study of the Oxidation of n-Propylbenzene Over a Wide Range of Temperatures and Pressures and its Comparison with n-Butylbenzene
.” 2013. Web. 22 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Darcy D. An Experimental and Modelling Study of the Oxidation of n-Propylbenzene Over a Wide Range of Temperatures and Pressures and its Comparison with n-Butylbenzene
. [Internet] [Thesis]. National University of Ireland – Galway; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10379/3578.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Darcy D. An Experimental and Modelling Study of the Oxidation of n-Propylbenzene Over a Wide Range of Temperatures and Pressures and its Comparison with n-Butylbenzene
. [Thesis]. National University of Ireland – Galway; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10379/3578
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Minnesota
7.
Dasrath, Dereck.
Investigation Of Piston Geometry In Rapid Compression Machines And Sampling Methods For Internal Combustion Engines.
Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2019, University of Minnesota
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/206676
► There is a growing effort to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions produced by internal combustion (IC) engines as an effort to curb anthropogenic climate change.…
(more)
▼ There is a growing effort to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions produced by internal combustion (IC) engines as an effort to curb anthropogenic climate change. The transportation sector accounts for 28% of anthropogenic CO2, motivating fundamental combustion research to understand and develop more efficient advanced combustion modes. Study of ignition delay time, autoignition pressure and temperature, the chemistry of fuel mixtures, and speciation of combustion products provide important insights into phenomena like pre-ignition (knock) and pollutants (CO2, oxides of nitrogen, soot, etc.) from modern-day IC engines. This body of work investigates novel speciation methods for studying combustion products from IC engines and unique piston geometries for rapid compression machines (RCMs). Quantifying combustion products is an important step in creating accurate numerical models for engine combustion. Many groups have used various instruments in conjunction to characterize a range of combustion generated hydrocarbons but few have used instruments in tandem to improve speciation methods during unconventional combustion modes and address the issues associated with off-line speciation. The first part of this thesis presents an investigation that quantified light unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) using a combination of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). A light-duty diesel engine is used to generate hydrocarbons at various exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) levels and partially premixed low-temperature combustion (LTC) modes. Exhaust samples are extracted with a novel fixed-volume sampling system and sent into a gas chromatograph (GC) while minimizing unknown dilution, light unburned hydrocarbons (LHC) losses, and removing heavy unburned hydrocarbons (HHC). Along with the wide range of LHCs quantified in this study, focus is directed towards the problem of misidentification of propane by the FT-IR during LTC modes. In the region commonly identified as the absorption spectra of propane (2700 and 3100 cm-1), analysis of the FT-IR spectra indicates absorption band interference caused by components found in unburnt diesel fuel. One of the primary findings of this work is that GC-MS can aid in FT-IR spectral analysis to further refine FT-IR methods for real-time measurement of unconventional combustion mode exhaust species. Rapid compression machines (RCMs) and rapid compression and expansion machines (RCEMs) are apparatuses that have the ability to operate at engine-relevant conditions to study fuel autoignition and pollutant formation. These machines are currently limited for use in speciation studies due to thermal and mixture inhomogeneities caused by heat transfer and gas motion during compression. Studies have shown the disadvantages of using common flat and enlarged piston crevice designs for sampling reaction chamber gases during and after combustion. For instance, computer fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations performed by numerous groups, including collaborators on…
Subjects/Keywords: Combustion; Dimetyl ether; Ethanol; Gas Sampling System; Low Temperature Combustion; Rapid Compression Machine
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APA (6th Edition):
Dasrath, D. (2019). Investigation Of Piston Geometry In Rapid Compression Machines And Sampling Methods For Internal Combustion Engines. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11299/206676
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Dasrath, Dereck. “Investigation Of Piston Geometry In Rapid Compression Machines And Sampling Methods For Internal Combustion Engines.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Minnesota. Accessed January 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11299/206676.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Dasrath, Dereck. “Investigation Of Piston Geometry In Rapid Compression Machines And Sampling Methods For Internal Combustion Engines.” 2019. Web. 22 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Dasrath D. Investigation Of Piston Geometry In Rapid Compression Machines And Sampling Methods For Internal Combustion Engines. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Minnesota; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/206676.
Council of Science Editors:
Dasrath D. Investigation Of Piston Geometry In Rapid Compression Machines And Sampling Methods For Internal Combustion Engines. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Minnesota; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/206676
University of Minnesota
8.
Tripathi, Abhinav.
Design, Control, and Characterization of a Controlled Trajectory Rapid Compression and Expansion Machine (CT-RCEM).
Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2019, University of Minnesota
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/209010
► This thesis presents the design, control and characterization of a novel experimental facility for fundamental and applied combustion investigations – a controlled trajectory rapid compression…
(more)
▼ This thesis presents the design, control and characterization of a novel experimental facility for fundamental and applied combustion investigations – a controlled trajectory rapid compression and expansion machine (CT-RCEM). Rapid compression machine (RCM) has been a popular experimental facility used for the investigation of combustion characteristics of fuels in low to intermediate temperature ranges. The CT-RCEM, developed in this research, addresses a key limitation of the conventional RCM, i.e. an open-loop and calibration-based actuation philosophy. The CT-RCEM uses an electrohydraulic actuator driven by a precise motion controller to drive the piston in the combustion chamber. Any changes in the operating parameters can thus be made by electronically changing the piston trajectory sent to the controller, unlike the conventional RCM which requires hardware intervention. This allows the CT-RCEM to provide ultimate flexibility in the choice of operating parameters, a wider operating range with higher resolution, lower turnaround time, and exceptional run-to-run repeatability. The key novelty of CT-RCEM, however, lies in the new paradigm of experimental investigation enabled by the ability to tailor the thermodynamic path inside the combustion chamber by suitable choice of piston trajectory. Specific examples include, the ability to investigate the effect of changing the thermodynamic path of compression on ignition delay, the ability to quench the chemical kinetics in the combustion chamber by extremely rapid expansion, and, the ability to produce isobaric conditions inside combustion chamber by slow creeping of the piston at a rate which offsets the rate of wall heat loss. In this research, first, a control oriented dynamic model of the CT-RCEM is developed. The model serves three purposes for the development of the CT-RCEM – (i) to understand the impact of various design parameters of the CT-RCEM on its performance and tuning them to obtain a suitable mechanical design; (ii) to design a model based high bandwidth controller that can provide precise tracking performance for the piston motion (iii) to guide the design of the various subsystems of the CT-RCEM. Next, a model based, iterative learning control (ILC) scheme is implemented for the control of the actuation system of the CT-RCEM. Since the choice of the initial control signal for the first iteration has a significant impact on the number of iterations required for ILC convergence, the initial signal for the ILC is generated through simulation, from the dynamic model of the CT-RCEM, which uses a repetitive controller. This is followed by the characterization of the CT-RCEM which essentially involves demonstrating that the facility can provide the desired functionality – fast compression and repeatable pressure history – over the designed operating range for both non-reactive and reactive mixtures. Also, the new capabilities of CT-RCEM enabled by the ability to tailor the thermodynamic path are demonstrated. Next, the utility of the CT-RCEM…
Subjects/Keywords: Combustion dynamics; Electro-hydraulic actuator; Ignition Delay; Multi-zone model; Rapid Compression Machine; Tracking Control
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Tripathi, A. (2019). Design, Control, and Characterization of a Controlled Trajectory Rapid Compression and Expansion Machine (CT-RCEM). (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11299/209010
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Tripathi, Abhinav. “Design, Control, and Characterization of a Controlled Trajectory Rapid Compression and Expansion Machine (CT-RCEM).” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Minnesota. Accessed January 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11299/209010.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Tripathi, Abhinav. “Design, Control, and Characterization of a Controlled Trajectory Rapid Compression and Expansion Machine (CT-RCEM).” 2019. Web. 22 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Tripathi A. Design, Control, and Characterization of a Controlled Trajectory Rapid Compression and Expansion Machine (CT-RCEM). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Minnesota; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/209010.
Council of Science Editors:
Tripathi A. Design, Control, and Characterization of a Controlled Trajectory Rapid Compression and Expansion Machine (CT-RCEM). [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Minnesota; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/209010
9.
Wilson, David.
Application of a Multi-Zone Model for the Prediction of Species Concentrations in Rapid Compression Machine Experiments.
Degree: 2016, Marquette University
URL: https://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/348
► Accurate chemical kinetic models, which predict species evolution and heat release rates in chemically reactive systems, are essential for further advancements in fuel and combustion…
(more)
▼ Accurate chemical kinetic models, which predict species evolution and heat release rates in chemically reactive systems, are essential for further advancements in fuel and combustion technology. An experimental facility that is widely used for evaluating the accuracy of kinetic models is a
rapid compression machine (RCM), which creates a well-defined reaction environment by compressing a reactive mixture inside a chamber. Generally, RCM experiments are conducted in order to obtain ignition delay data. However, chemical speciation data provides greater insight into reaction pathways, and is therefore a more rigorous benchmark for validating kinetic models. In order for a chemical kinetic model to be evaluated using RCM data, the kinetic model must be coupled with a thermodynamic model that can predict the temporally varying conditions that evolve during an RCM experiment. The most common approach is to utilize a thermally and compositionally homogeneous 0-dimensional reactor model (HRM), which predicts conditions inside the hot core region of the main combustion chamber of an RCM, where a significant portion of the chemical reaction in an RCM takes place. This approach requires an effective volume profile, which is derived from the pressure profile of either a non-reactive experiment with similar transport properties as the condition of interest, or a separate multi-zone model (MZM), via the relationship between pressure and volume for an isentropic process. While HRMs have been shown to yield adequate ignition delay predictions, they cannot be used to predict average speciation data, since the conditions in the core region vary considerably from the average conditions of the total reaction chamber. This work introduces a modified MZM, which simulates chemical reaction throughout the entire temperature-varying main combustion chamber of an RCM, in addition to boundary work, conduction, and crevice flows as the traditional MZM approach. Simulating chemistry in the MZM allows for average speciation predictions, and eliminates the need for an HRM. The new approach is shown to yield similar average speciation data as CFD simulations (within 15% difference) for the combustion of primary reference fuels at various conditions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Allen, Casey M., Singer, Simcha, Borg, John.
Subjects/Keywords: Chemical Kinetics; Combustion; Numerical Model; Rapid Compression Machine; Applied Mechanics; Heat Transfer, Combustion
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APA (6th Edition):
Wilson, D. (2016). Application of a Multi-Zone Model for the Prediction of Species Concentrations in Rapid Compression Machine Experiments. (Thesis). Marquette University. Retrieved from https://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/348
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wilson, David. “Application of a Multi-Zone Model for the Prediction of Species Concentrations in Rapid Compression Machine Experiments.” 2016. Thesis, Marquette University. Accessed January 22, 2021.
https://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/348.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wilson, David. “Application of a Multi-Zone Model for the Prediction of Species Concentrations in Rapid Compression Machine Experiments.” 2016. Web. 22 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Wilson D. Application of a Multi-Zone Model for the Prediction of Species Concentrations in Rapid Compression Machine Experiments. [Internet] [Thesis]. Marquette University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 22].
Available from: https://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/348.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Wilson D. Application of a Multi-Zone Model for the Prediction of Species Concentrations in Rapid Compression Machine Experiments. [Thesis]. Marquette University; 2016. Available from: https://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/348
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Colorado State University
10.
Mohr, Jeffrey.
Effect of fuel reactivity and exhaust gas recirculation on knock propensity of natural gas, The.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Mechanical Engineering, 2020, Colorado State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/208426
► The development of high efficiency, spark ignited natural gas engines is currently limited by engine knock at high compression ratio/elevated boost pressures and misfire at…
(more)
▼ The development of high efficiency, spark ignited natural gas engines is currently limited by engine knock at high
compression ratio/elevated boost pressures and misfire at lean conditions/high exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) levels. The knock and misfire limits are further confounded by the wide variety in fuel reactivity observed in "pipeline quality" natural gas. In this study, a
rapid compression machine was used to characterize the effects of EGR and variation in natural gas fuel reactivity on the homogeneous ignition delay, flame propagation rate, and end-gas autoignition propensity for stoichiometric natural gas/oxidizer/EGR blends. A reduced chemical kinetic mechanism was also developed to accurately model the homogeneous ignition delays measured in the Colorado State University
rapid compression machine (CSU RCM). Pipeline quality natural gas with a range of chemical reactivity (68 < Methane Number < 95) was simulated using mixtures of CH4, C2H6, and C3H8. Exhaust gas recirculation gases were simulated with mixtures of Ar, CO2, CO, and NO at substitution rates of 0 to 30 mass percent. Ignition delay period under homogeneous autoignition conditions was measured at compressed pressures of 30.2 to 34.0 bar and compressed temperatures of 667 to 980 K. End-gas autoignition fraction and flame propagation rate were measured by initiating a laser spark in the center of the combustion chamber, after
compression, at pressures of 30.7 to 32.7 bar and temperatures of 751 to 795 K. The results indicate that both fuel reactivity and the presence of reactive species (NO and CO) in the exhaust gas recirculation have a strong impact on end-gas autoignition fraction. A chemical kinetic mechanism was developed to predict homogeneous ignition delays for pipeline quality natural gas in a pressure and temperature range of 1-100 bar and 500-1000 K respectively. This mechanism accurately predicted measured homogeneous ignition delay in the RCM with a total average relative error of 11.0%.
Advisors/Committee Members: Marchese, Anthony (advisor), Olsen, Daniel (committee member), Reardon, Kenneth (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: energy; natural gas; spark ignited engines; exhaust gas recirculation; combustion; rapid compression machine
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Mohr, J. (2020). Effect of fuel reactivity and exhaust gas recirculation on knock propensity of natural gas, The. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/208426
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mohr, Jeffrey. “Effect of fuel reactivity and exhaust gas recirculation on knock propensity of natural gas, The.” 2020. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed January 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10217/208426.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mohr, Jeffrey. “Effect of fuel reactivity and exhaust gas recirculation on knock propensity of natural gas, The.” 2020. Web. 22 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Mohr J. Effect of fuel reactivity and exhaust gas recirculation on knock propensity of natural gas, The. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/208426.
Council of Science Editors:
Mohr J. Effect of fuel reactivity and exhaust gas recirculation on knock propensity of natural gas, The. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/208426
11.
Roulo, David J.
Effect of Low Reactivity Fuel on Reaction Wave Growth of Dual-Fuel Stratified Mixtures in a Rapid Compression Machine.
Degree: 2019, Marquette University
URL: https://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/540
► For over 40 years, researchers have been studying homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) as a combustion strategy to improve the efficiency and emissions of the…
(more)
▼ For over 40 years, researchers have been studying homogenous charge
compression ignition (HCCI) as a combustion strategy to improve the efficiency and emissions of the internal combustion strategy. Although early results were promising, it has been since discovered that HCCI engines only operate to their potential over a narrow load band. To remedy this, introducing inhomogeneities has been suggested as a method of controlling HCCI combustion in such a way to improve its usefulness. One such inhomogeneity is referred to as fuel octane number stratification and consists of port injecting a low reactivity fuel, allowing it to become well mixed, and then direct injecting a high reactivity fuel to introduce local mixture stratifications. Reciprocating engine and computational studies have shown this to improve efficiency and emissions of
compression ignition engines, however, there has been little work done to explore octane number stratification on a per stroke basis in well-controlled conditions. The objective of this study is to utilize fuel octane number stratification combustion strategy to optically observe the influence of the low-reactivity fuel, propane, on the dynamics of the reaction zone growth. To accomplish this, a
rapid compression machine (RCM) was used to perform experiments in which combustion was captured by a high-speed camera. The RCM was outfitted with heaters and a polycarbonate window to control the temperature and optically access the cylinder. In addition, the mixture composition of propane to n-heptane was varied while keeping the global equivalence ratio constant at three unique initial temperatures. The results of this study showed that ignition time, reaction front start location, and reaction front speed was sensitive to the amount of propane in the mixture. As propane content was decreased the time for the mixture to ignite relative to the start of
compression decreased. Furthermore, as propane content decreased, the origin of the reaction front(s) increased in height along the cylinder wall. Reaction front velocity also increased as propane content decreased. Finally, through this work it was also discovered that ignition time and the reaction front speed of some mixtures were sensitive to changes in initial and compressed temperature.
Advisors/Committee Members: Allen, Casey M., Singer, Simcha, Roy, Somesh.
Subjects/Keywords: Combustion Imaging; Dual-Fuel Stratification; Rapid Compression Machine; Reaction Front Speed; Reaction Zone Growth; Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition; Engineering
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APA (6th Edition):
Roulo, D. J. (2019). Effect of Low Reactivity Fuel on Reaction Wave Growth of Dual-Fuel Stratified Mixtures in a Rapid Compression Machine. (Thesis). Marquette University. Retrieved from https://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/540
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Roulo, David J. “Effect of Low Reactivity Fuel on Reaction Wave Growth of Dual-Fuel Stratified Mixtures in a Rapid Compression Machine.” 2019. Thesis, Marquette University. Accessed January 22, 2021.
https://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/540.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Roulo, David J. “Effect of Low Reactivity Fuel on Reaction Wave Growth of Dual-Fuel Stratified Mixtures in a Rapid Compression Machine.” 2019. Web. 22 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Roulo DJ. Effect of Low Reactivity Fuel on Reaction Wave Growth of Dual-Fuel Stratified Mixtures in a Rapid Compression Machine. [Internet] [Thesis]. Marquette University; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 22].
Available from: https://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/540.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Roulo DJ. Effect of Low Reactivity Fuel on Reaction Wave Growth of Dual-Fuel Stratified Mixtures in a Rapid Compression Machine. [Thesis]. Marquette University; 2019. Available from: https://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/540
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Connecticut
12.
Bunnell, Justin.
Autoignition of Methyl Pentanoate at Low to Intermediate Temperatures and Elevated Pressures in a Rapid Compression Machine.
Degree: MS, Mechanical Engineering, 2015, University of Connecticut
URL: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/gs_theses/770
► Autoignition experiments were performed in a rapid compression machine for methyl pentanoate. Autoignition conditions ranged from 682 K to 1048 K for pressures of…
(more)
▼ Autoignition experiments were performed in a
rapid compression machine for methyl pentanoate. Autoignition conditions ranged from 682 K to 1048 K for pressures of 15 bar and 30 bar and equivalence ratios of 0.25, 0.50, and 1.0. The composition of the oxidizer was altered by changing the amount of argon and molecular nitrogen in the mixtures. Over the conditions studied, it was found that the reactivity of the mixture increases with increasing compressed pressure and equivalence ratio. Negative temperature coefficient behavior was observed for compressed temperatures ranging from 716 K to 799 K under a compressed pressure of 30 bar and an equivalence ratio of 1.0. Experimental data was compared to ignition delay data for methyl butanoate and methyl propanoate. For all available data, methyl pentanoate was the most reactive fuel followed by methyl butanoate and methyl propanoate. Experimental data was extrapolated and indicated that methyl butanoate and methyl pentanoate might have the same reactivity at 1030 K and 975 K for compressed pressures of 30 bar and equivalence ratios of φ = 0.25 and φ = 0.50, respectively. Experimental data for methyl pentanoate was further simulated using a literature chemical kinetic mechanism. Overall there was poor agreement between experimental data and simulations for negative temperature coefficient behavior and ignition delays. Only simulations for compressed temperatures below 700 K seem to agree well with experimental data.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Michael Renfro, Dr. Baki Cetegen, Dr. Chih-Jen Sung.
Subjects/Keywords: Methyl Ester; Autoignition; Methyl Pentanoate; Methyl Valerate; Rapid Compression Machine; Two-Stage Ignition; Negative Temperature Coefficient
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APA (6th Edition):
Bunnell, J. (2015). Autoignition of Methyl Pentanoate at Low to Intermediate Temperatures and Elevated Pressures in a Rapid Compression Machine. (Masters Thesis). University of Connecticut. Retrieved from https://opencommons.uconn.edu/gs_theses/770
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bunnell, Justin. “Autoignition of Methyl Pentanoate at Low to Intermediate Temperatures and Elevated Pressures in a Rapid Compression Machine.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Connecticut. Accessed January 22, 2021.
https://opencommons.uconn.edu/gs_theses/770.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bunnell, Justin. “Autoignition of Methyl Pentanoate at Low to Intermediate Temperatures and Elevated Pressures in a Rapid Compression Machine.” 2015. Web. 22 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Bunnell J. Autoignition of Methyl Pentanoate at Low to Intermediate Temperatures and Elevated Pressures in a Rapid Compression Machine. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Connecticut; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 22].
Available from: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/gs_theses/770.
Council of Science Editors:
Bunnell J. Autoignition of Methyl Pentanoate at Low to Intermediate Temperatures and Elevated Pressures in a Rapid Compression Machine. [Masters Thesis]. University of Connecticut; 2015. Available from: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/gs_theses/770
University of Melbourne
13.
Chen, Zhongyuan.
Impact of nitric oxide on autoignition of hydrocarbon fuels.
Degree: 2018, University of Melbourne
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/210477
► Autoignition is a critical process in combustion engines, and can be significantly affected by trace species inside the cylinder. Nitric oxide (NO) commonly exists inside…
(more)
▼ Autoignition is a critical process in combustion engines, and can be significantly affected by trace species inside the cylinder. Nitric oxide (NO) commonly exists inside engine cylinders as part of the residual gas or from using exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). Even at ppm level concentrations, NO can significantly affect engine autoignition. However, the impact of NO has been studied mostly for small hydrocarbons (C<5), and few have been reported on larger hydrocarbons relevant to liquid fuels.
This thesis therefore aims to investigate the impact of NO on autoignition of two neat primary reference fuels (PRFs), isooctane and n-heptane, and their mixtures with toluene and ethanol. First, experimental investigations of the impact of NO are conducted on the low temperature oxidation of n-heptane and iso-octane in a rapid ignition machine (RCM), a pressurized flow reactor (PFR), and a cooperative fuel research (CFR) engine. Temperature is found to play a major role in these experiments where NO promotes the oxidation reactivity at high temperatures but becomes less promoting or even inhibiting as temperature decreases. This overall impact of NO significantly reduces the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) behaviours of both fuels. NO addition levels are also found important, in that low NO additions generally promote the fuel oxidation but high NO additions either further promote, or become to inhibit, the oxidation depending on the temperature. The work of RCM experiments on n-heptane has been published in Combustion and Flame [Chen, et al. Combustion and Flame, 186(2017), p. 94-104].
Kinetic modelling are then conducted for the RCM and PFR experiments. The results indicate that the existing NO/fuel mechanisms only partially capture the observed impact of NO, and including the interactions between NO and larger hydrocarbon species (> C2) is necessary. New mechanisms are proposed by coupling the latest n-heptane and iso-octane mechanisms with more comprehensive sub-mechanisms for NO/fuel interaction chemistry. These mechanisms significantly improve the modelling agreement with the experiment for both fuels, particularly at low temperatures. However, further work is needed for iso-octane/NO mechanism at temperatures higher than 800K.
Further study is conducted in the CFR engine for simple gasoline surrogates containing PRFs mixtures with toluene and ethanol. The results shows that the impact of NO varies with fuel composition, where higher contents of toluene and ethanol both lead to stronger NO promotion effects, despite all fuels having a very similar research octane number of 91. The result indicates that further investigations are needed for understanding the impact of NO on other hydrocarbon classes than paraffins.
Subjects/Keywords: autoignition; nitric oxide; low temperature chemistry; hydrocarbon fuels; internal combustion engine; rapid compression machine; plug flow reactor
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Chen, Z. (2018). Impact of nitric oxide on autoignition of hydrocarbon fuels. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Melbourne. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11343/210477
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Chen, Zhongyuan. “Impact of nitric oxide on autoignition of hydrocarbon fuels.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Melbourne. Accessed January 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11343/210477.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Chen, Zhongyuan. “Impact of nitric oxide on autoignition of hydrocarbon fuels.” 2018. Web. 22 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Chen Z. Impact of nitric oxide on autoignition of hydrocarbon fuels. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/210477.
Council of Science Editors:
Chen Z. Impact of nitric oxide on autoignition of hydrocarbon fuels. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/210477
14.
Polley, Alexander.
Droplet Behavior in Dense, Low Velocity Aerosols.
Degree: 2011, Marquette University
URL: https://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/121
► Rapid compression machines (RCM) are laboratory devices used to measure gas-phase fuel reactivity at conditions relevant to combustion engines. Test mixtures are generally prepared by…
(more)
▼ Rapid compression machines (RCM) are laboratory devices used to measure gas-phase fuel reactivity at conditions relevant to combustion engines. Test mixtures are generally prepared by rapidly compressing a gas phase fuel+oxidizer+diluent mixture to high pressure and temperature (e.g., 10-50 bar, 650-1000 K). It is extremely challenging to utilize diesel-relevant liquid fuels in these devices due to their involatility. One proposed method involves the delivery of an aerosol of suspended fuel droplets (∼ 0.1 mLfuel/Lgas at stoichiometric fuel loading) to the
machine. The
compression stroke of the RCM subsequently heats the gas phase of the aerosol thereby achieving vaporization of the fuel. The properties of the aerosol delivered to the RCM such as the droplet size distribution (DSD) are critical to ensuring successful execution of the experiments. For instance, the fuel droplets must be smaller than a critical threshold (e.g., d0 ∼ 6 - 10 μm to ensure timely fuel evaporation and gas-phase mixing; in addition, the droplets must resist gravitational forces that could cause them to fall out of suspension. Low aerosol velocities are required in order to minimize fluid motion and thus heat loss from the compressed reacting gases during the RCM experiment. An aerosol model has been developed in this thesis project in order to understand the aerosol dynamics during the generation and
machine delivery processes. Issues such as droplet impingement, coagulation, evaporation and settling can be investigated with the model, and thus the configuration (i.e., intake valve geometry, mixing chamber design, etc.) and operational characteristics (i.e., gas flow rates, fuel loading, etc.) of the aerosol RCM can be understood/improved/optimized. The system model is validated against gravimetric measurements using a mock up of a proposed delivery system. ‘Operating maps’ are generated for n-dodecane and n-hexadecane in oxygen + diluent mixtures covering a range of fuel loadings and delivery flow rates.
Advisors/Committee Members: Goldsborough, Scott, Borg, John, Koch, Jon.
Subjects/Keywords: Aerosol; Rapid Compression Machine; Engineering; Mechanical Engineering
…to deliver involatile, transportation-relevant fuels to a
rapid compression machine (… …Machines
The reaction section of a Rapid Compression Machine (RCM) is similar to the… …is not as complicated as measuring species concentrations.
1.2.3
Rapid Compression… …associated ‘wet compression’ process has been
proposed as a means of extending the utility of RCMs… …inside test
equipment due to ‘wet compression’ (i.e, the volumetric compression heating of…
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APA (6th Edition):
Polley, A. (2011). Droplet Behavior in Dense, Low Velocity Aerosols. (Thesis). Marquette University. Retrieved from https://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/121
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Polley, Alexander. “Droplet Behavior in Dense, Low Velocity Aerosols.” 2011. Thesis, Marquette University. Accessed January 22, 2021.
https://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/121.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Polley, Alexander. “Droplet Behavior in Dense, Low Velocity Aerosols.” 2011. Web. 22 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Polley A. Droplet Behavior in Dense, Low Velocity Aerosols. [Internet] [Thesis]. Marquette University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 22].
Available from: https://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/121.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Polley A. Droplet Behavior in Dense, Low Velocity Aerosols. [Thesis]. Marquette University; 2011. Available from: https://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/121
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
15.
Banyon, Colin.
The combustion of fuel reference compounds in laboratory-scale reactors and flames
.
Degree: 2018, National University of Ireland – Galway
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10379/14591
► Internal combustion engines that rely heavily on fuel oxidation chemical kinetics, rather than external ignition sources, promise the simultaneous improvement of thermodynamic efficiencies and reduction…
(more)
▼ Internal combustion engines that rely heavily on fuel oxidation chemical kinetics, rather than external ignition sources, promise the simultaneous improvement of thermodynamic efficiencies and reduction of pollutant emissions compared to more conventional designs. Unfortunately, the successful operation of these engines require predictive chemical kinetic models to assign ignition parameters to engine maps. This work adds to the growing database of chemical kinetics experiments for sixteen (potential) transportation fuel surrogate compounds that all constitute large fractions of gasoline. In detail, shock tube and
rapid compression machine experimental campaigns have been conducted for the five isomers of hexane, the nine isomers of heptane, cyclopentane and toluene, where ignition delay times over a wide range of conditions have been measured. A considerable amount of effort has been put forth to extend the capabilities of these experimental platforms to handle relatively large, gasoline relevant fuels. Through large collaborative efforts, detailed chemical kinetic models for the oxidation of these fuels have been constructed/updated in light of this new data. Although, these fundamental models are robust, with the capability to predict a large number of chemical parameters important to engine operation, they are also computationally expensive. A computationally lean, alternative approach for the storage of ignition delay time data has also been developed in this work, where non-Arrhenius ignition delay times can be accurately stored in terms of eight parameters.
This thesis also investigates the role of in-cylinder chemistry in more conventional spark,
compression ignition and gas turbine engines. New ignition delay time data are presented for the cetane enhancer 2-ethyl-hexyl nitrate. Also, the role of endothermic chemistry in diesel sprays has been computationally evaluated. Further, the coupling between flow motion and the formation of stable combustion intermediates in swirl stabilized flames has been investigated, based on the recent trend of gas turbine and large-bore marine engines to use swirl as a lean charge combustion stabilizer.
Advisors/Committee Members: Curran, Henry J (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: combustion;
reference fuels;
fuel surrogate;
oxidation kinetics;
rapid compression machine;
shock tube;
swirl flame;
speciation;
gas sampling;
laser diagnostics;
Chemistry;
Physical Chemistry
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APA (6th Edition):
Banyon, C. (2018). The combustion of fuel reference compounds in laboratory-scale reactors and flames
. (Thesis). National University of Ireland – Galway. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10379/14591
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Banyon, Colin. “The combustion of fuel reference compounds in laboratory-scale reactors and flames
.” 2018. Thesis, National University of Ireland – Galway. Accessed January 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/14591.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Banyon, Colin. “The combustion of fuel reference compounds in laboratory-scale reactors and flames
.” 2018. Web. 22 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Banyon C. The combustion of fuel reference compounds in laboratory-scale reactors and flames
. [Internet] [Thesis]. National University of Ireland – Galway; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10379/14591.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Banyon C. The combustion of fuel reference compounds in laboratory-scale reactors and flames
. [Thesis]. National University of Ireland – Galway; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10379/14591
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Universitat Politècnica de València
16.
López Pintor, Darío.
Theoretical and experimental study on the autoignition phenomena of homogeneous reactive mixtures
.
Degree: 2017, Universitat Politècnica de València
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10251/90642
► The main objective of this Thesis is the study of the autoignition phenomenon of reactive mixtures from a theoretical and experimental point of view. A…
(more)
▼ The main objective of this Thesis is the study of the autoignition phenomenon of reactive mixtures from a theoretical and experimental point of view. A wide parametric study has been carried out in a
Rapid Compression-Expansion
Machine (RCEM) for different initial temperatures,
compression ratios, equivalence ratios and molar fractions of oxygen (by using synthetic EGR) for different fuels. The ignition delay referred to cool flames (if it can be identified), as well as the ignition delay referred to the high-temperature stage of the ignition, have been experimentally obtained and their trends have been explained regarding the chemical kinetics of each fuel.
The different effects of the species that compose the synthetic EGR on the ignition delay have been studied, decoupling the thermodynamic effects from the chemical ones. Different compositions have been taken into account to generate the synthetic EGR, and validation limits have been obtained for each mixture. The thermodynamic and the chemical effects have shown to be opposed, while the dominant one is different depending on the working temperature.
Several chemical kinetic mechanisms have been validated by comparison to the experimental results. A detailed mechanism for iso-octane and n-heptane blends and a reduced mechanisms for n-dodecane have been analyzed. Moreover, a sub-model for the generation and decay of excited OH* has been validated by comparison to chemiluminescence and spectroscopy results.
The different radiation sources have been studied for iso-octane and n-heptane by means of spectroscopy techniques. Besides, chemiluminescence measurements filtered at 310nm (OH* emission wavelength) have been performed in order to analyze the generalization and propagation velocity of the autoignition front. The ignition propagation has shown to depend on the thermodynamic conditions reached in the combustion chamber when the first ignition spot occurs and not on the global reactivity of the mixture. Furthermore, two different radiation sources have been found at 310nm in the spectroscopic analysis depending on the ignition intensity: the decay of the OH* radical from excited to ground state and the oxidation of CO to CO2 (CO continuum). However, these optical techniques have been applied only in the experiments carried out with iso-octane and n-heptane due to technical limitations.
Finally, a new predictive model has been theoretically developed starting from the Glassman's model for autoignition. This method is based on modeling the accumulation rate of chain carriers up to reach their critical concentration (obtaining the ignition delay referred to cool flames) and, afterwards, modeling the disappearance rate of such chain carriers up to their consumption (when the maximum heat release rate is reached, obtaining the ignition delay referred to the high-temperature stage of the process). The predictive capability of the model has been compared to the ability of other methods that can be found in the literature, such as the Livengood & Wu integral method. The…
Advisors/Committee Members: Desantes Fernández, José Mª (advisor), López Sánchez, José Javier (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: autoignition;
chemical kinetics;
sequential autoignition;
autoignition propagation;
chemiluminescence;
spectroscopy;
RCEM;
rapid compression-expansion machine;
CHEMKIN;
ignition delay;
ignition modelling;
chain carriers;
ignition prediction
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
López Pintor, D. (2017). Theoretical and experimental study on the autoignition phenomena of homogeneous reactive mixtures
. (Doctoral Dissertation). Universitat Politècnica de València. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10251/90642
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
López Pintor, Darío. “Theoretical and experimental study on the autoignition phenomena of homogeneous reactive mixtures
.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Universitat Politècnica de València. Accessed January 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10251/90642.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
López Pintor, Darío. “Theoretical and experimental study on the autoignition phenomena of homogeneous reactive mixtures
.” 2017. Web. 22 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
López Pintor D. Theoretical and experimental study on the autoignition phenomena of homogeneous reactive mixtures
. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Universitat Politècnica de València; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10251/90642.
Council of Science Editors:
López Pintor D. Theoretical and experimental study on the autoignition phenomena of homogeneous reactive mixtures
. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Universitat Politècnica de València; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10251/90642
17.
Oldani, Anna.
Surrogate modeling of alternative jet fuels for study of autoignition characteristics.
Degree: MS, 0133, 2014, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/49635
► Recently published surrogate models are evaluated for their predictive capabilities of autoignition characteristics for alternative jet fuels. Computational simulation results are compared with published data…
(more)
▼ Recently published surrogate models are evaluated for their predictive capabilities of autoignition characteristics for alternative jet fuels. Computational simulation results are compared with published data from experimental
rapid compression machine (RCM) tests for conventional jet fuel. Evaluation of these surrogate models aids in identifying differences in chemical kinetics mechanisms, helping to establish model validity across operating conditions of interest.
This work incorporates two chemical kinetics solver programs: CANTERA and CHEMKIN-PRO®. The former is an open-source, object oriented chemical solver with capabilities for a range of reacting flow systems. CHEMKIN-PRO®, produced by Reaction Design, is a commercially available chemical solver. Together, these two programs are used to evaluate autoignition characteristics at compressed pressures, Pc, of 5, 10, and 20 bar and equivalence ratios, Φ, of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 in air, representing lean to stoichiometric conditions.
A discussion on available alternative jet fuels is provided, focusing on bio-based jet fuels, derived from plant (camelina seed) or animal (tallow) sources. These fuels are referred to as hydrotreated renewable jet (HRJ) fuels, also termed hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA). HRJ fuels compared with traditional jet fuel, both commercial and military, have higher paraffinic and lower aromatic content.
Surrogate models currently available focus on several components including n-decane, n-dodecane, 2-methylundecane, and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene. Two chemical kinetic mechanisms are evaluated: the Ranzi mechanism from the CRECK modeling group at Politecnico di Milano and the Aachen mechanism from the Institut für Technische Verbrennung at Aachen University. The models are evaluated using two component surrogates for jet fuels, containing varying amounts of n-decane and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene. Earlier published surrogate models are more complex, including anywhere from four to more than ten different components. The two component surrogate models were chosen for their simplicity, allowing for clearer control of reactive species by adjusting the volume percentage of components. This enables assessment of the ability for various mixtures to accurately capture the ignition behavior of the jet fuels.
Simulations results indicate at what conditions surrogate fuel models can provide valid predictions in agreement with experimental data. From the results, it can be concluded that the Aachen mechanism is more appropriate for stoichiometric mixture predictions at higher compressed pressures, while the Ranzi mechanism is accurate in capturing lean mixture ignition features but does not match observed ignition times. Future mechanism model validation will then lead to the development of optimized next generation alternative fuels. Continuing this work to understand the roles chemical features play in influencing a fuel’s ignition characteristics will facilitate the development of surrogate models. These more robust models can then be…
Advisors/Committee Members: Lee, Tonghun (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Alternative Jet Fuels; Rapid Compression Machine; Autoignition; Surrogate Models
…transport and chemical processes involved in combustion. A
rapid compression machine (RCM… …rapid compression time and high compression ratio
provides an appropriate environment for… …computational costs, making them infeasible for use in rapid
simulations. To reduce computational time… …provided in Appendix D. Under the current
designs, RCMs achieve compression ratios ranging from… …16 to 25 with compression times around
20ms to 80ms [20]. The combination of…
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Oldani, A. (2014). Surrogate modeling of alternative jet fuels for study of autoignition characteristics. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/49635
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Oldani, Anna. “Surrogate modeling of alternative jet fuels for study of autoignition characteristics.” 2014. Thesis, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed January 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/49635.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Oldani, Anna. “Surrogate modeling of alternative jet fuels for study of autoignition characteristics.” 2014. Web. 22 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Oldani A. Surrogate modeling of alternative jet fuels for study of autoignition characteristics. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/49635.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Oldani A. Surrogate modeling of alternative jet fuels for study of autoignition characteristics. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/49635
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
18.
Johnson, Michael Victor.
Ignition Studies of Bio-Based Fuels for Advanced Combustion Engines.
Degree: 2009, Marquette University
URL: https://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/22
► As interest and use of bio-derived fuels continues to grow, there is a critical need to understand the fundamental chemistry involved in the combustion of…
(more)
▼ As interest and use of bio-derived fuels continues to grow, there is a critical need to understand the fundamental chemistry involved in the combustion of these bio-based fuels. Fuel chemistry significantly affects ignition timing and pollutant emissions. Validated chemical models enable predictive simulations to be used in the design of advanced combustion engines employing new bio-fuels. The development of chemical kinetic mechanisms require experimental validation targets covering a wide range of conditions, including: temperature, pressure, dilution and stoichiometry.
This thesis focuses on ignition studies of bio-based fuels, aimed towards the validation of chemical kinetic mechanisms. In the first part, the low pressure shock tube located at the National University of Ireland - Galway (NUIG) was used to conduct experiments of n- and iso-propanol, two isomers of a three carbon alcohol. Experiments were conducted over a range of conditions, including temperatures from approximately 1350 to 2000K, a pressure of 1atm, equivalence ratios of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0, and oxygen concentrations of 1.13 and 2.25%. Novel methods were used to compare the experimental data to simulations with a detailed kinetic mechanism developed at NUIG.
In the second part, studies have been conducted towards the development of an aerosol fueling system for a
rapid compression machine (RCM) study the low temperature chemistry of low vapor pressure, involatile fuels, such as bio-derived methyl esters, the primary constituent of bio-diesels. This work included: modeling droplet evaporation to conduct a feasibility study of the concept, fabricating a system to generate a fuel-laden aerosol suspension with small enough droplet diameters to ensure evaporation, and exploring the
machine charging process to prevent stratification during delivery of the aerosol. It was determined that at an initial temperature of 350 K and a pressure of 0.5 bar, n-dodecane droplets, a surrogate for methyl decanoate, as large as 8.5 μm can be vaporized before the bath gas reaches a temperature of 500 K, defined as the low temperature chemistry limit. An aerosol flow rate of greater than 20 LPM (ReRCM > 700) is needed in order to prevent stratification.
This manuscript discusses will discuss details of these experimental and computational studies.
Advisors/Committee Members: Goldsborough, Scott, Borg, John P., Curran, Henry.
Subjects/Keywords: aerosol; alcohol; bio-diesel; rapid compression machine; shock tube; physical chemistry; Mechanical Engineering
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APA (6th Edition):
Johnson, M. V. (2009). Ignition Studies of Bio-Based Fuels for Advanced Combustion Engines. (Thesis). Marquette University. Retrieved from https://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/22
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Johnson, Michael Victor. “Ignition Studies of Bio-Based Fuels for Advanced Combustion Engines.” 2009. Thesis, Marquette University. Accessed January 22, 2021.
https://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/22.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Johnson, Michael Victor. “Ignition Studies of Bio-Based Fuels for Advanced Combustion Engines.” 2009. Web. 22 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Johnson MV. Ignition Studies of Bio-Based Fuels for Advanced Combustion Engines. [Internet] [Thesis]. Marquette University; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 22].
Available from: https://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/22.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Johnson MV. Ignition Studies of Bio-Based Fuels for Advanced Combustion Engines. [Thesis]. Marquette University; 2009. Available from: https://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/22
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
19.
Neuman, John.
Development of a Rapid Compression Controlled-Expansion Machine for Chemical Ignition Studies.
Degree: 2015, Marquette University
URL: https://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/290
► The ability to accurately model fuel combustion processes is essential to the development of transportation, power generation, and manufacturing technology. Models describing the kinetics of…
(more)
▼ The ability to accurately model fuel combustion processes is essential to the development of transportation, power generation, and manufacturing technology. Models describing the kinetics of chemical oxidation are readily available and highly refined for a wide range of test fuels. However, these models still suffer from high levels of uncertainty under engine-relevant conditions, largely due to a lack of consistency between published validation data. An experimental testing apparatus, known as the
Rapid Compression Controlled-Expansion
Machine (RCCEM) has been designed and fabricated to conduct chemical kinetic studies. The RCCEM features a pneumatically-driven, custom-designed cam, which governs the volumetric
compression and expansion of the combustion chamber. This
machine has been designed to test various
compression ratios, compressed pressures, and compressed temperatures. Central to the operation of the RCCEM, the cam assembly is modular with the ability to incorporate different cams with unique
compression and expansion profiles. This capability is intended to control heat loss rates in experiments via volumetric expansion, and as a result, increase understanding of its influence on the interpretation of validation data. Performance characterization of the RCCEM, using iso-octane and hexane, has shown that the
machine is capable of testing a wide range of conditions with exceptional repeatability. Ignition delay times for iso-octane are reported for compressed temperatures of 630-700 K. Additionally, two computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies have been conducted to investigate the role of non-uniform boundary temperatures as a potential cause of discrepancies among data in the literature. The effect of these boundary conditions on ignition delay time predictions and compressed-gas temperature field development has been investigated for heated RCM experiments that use either creviced or flat pistons. Three unique boundary temperature cases for non-reactive simulations showed that a large temperature gradient forms over the crown of the piston due to heterogeneities present in the initial temperature fields. Subsequently, five boundary temperature cases were investigated for reactive simulations and demonstrated the effect of these non-uniformities on ignition delay time predictions. Through this work, it was determined that the flat piston is susceptible to these non-uniform conditions causing discrepancies in ignition delay times, whereas the creviced piston data was only minimally influenced.
Advisors/Committee Members: Allen, Casey M., Borg, John, Mathison, Margaret M..
Subjects/Keywords: CFD; chemical kinetics; rapid compression machine; RCM; Chemical Engineering
…understand. A Rapid
Compression Machine (RCM) is one such device. RCMs are fundamental… …validation.
1.1.2
Overview of a Rapid Compression Machine
As described above, an RCM is an… …University of British Columbia, Rapid Intake and
Compression Machine (RICM), which can… …compression stroke [Dohring,
1986].
Another machine is the Rapid Intake, Compression and… …the Rapid
Compression Controlled-Expansion Machine (RCCEM). The RCCEM will have…
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Neuman, J. (2015). Development of a Rapid Compression Controlled-Expansion Machine for Chemical Ignition Studies. (Thesis). Marquette University. Retrieved from https://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/290
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Neuman, John. “Development of a Rapid Compression Controlled-Expansion Machine for Chemical Ignition Studies.” 2015. Thesis, Marquette University. Accessed January 22, 2021.
https://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/290.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Neuman, John. “Development of a Rapid Compression Controlled-Expansion Machine for Chemical Ignition Studies.” 2015. Web. 22 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Neuman J. Development of a Rapid Compression Controlled-Expansion Machine for Chemical Ignition Studies. [Internet] [Thesis]. Marquette University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 22].
Available from: https://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/290.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Neuman J. Development of a Rapid Compression Controlled-Expansion Machine for Chemical Ignition Studies. [Thesis]. Marquette University; 2015. Available from: https://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/290
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
20.
Mittal, Gaurav.
A RAPID COMPRESSION MACHINE – DESIGN, CHARACTERIZATION, AND
AUTOIGNITION INVESTIGATIONS.
Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2006, Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies
URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1130184196
► A rapid compression machine (RCM) has been designed for the purpose of chemical kinetics studies at elevated pressures and temperatures. The present RCM is designed…
(more)
▼ A
rapid compression machine (RCM) has been designed
for the purpose of chemical kinetics studies at elevated pressures
and temperatures. The present RCM is designed as a versatile tool
and includes the features of a well-defined core region, fast
compression, ability to vary stroke and clearance, optical
accessibility, and capability for specie measurement. The
machine
is pneumatically driven and hydraulically actuated and stopped.
Characterization experiments establish the suitability of the
machine for chemical kinetic studies and show that highly
repeatable experimental conditions up to 50 bar and greater than
1000 K can be obtained. A numerical model accounting for
compression and heat loss is also developed to simulate the RCM
experiments. Experimental and computational investigations of
aerodynamics inside the
machine by using planar laser induced
fluorescence of acetone and Star-CD CFD package substantiate the
importance of piston head design for achieving a homogeneous core
region inside a
rapid compression machine. Results show that the
flat piston head design leads to significant mixing of cold vortex
with hot core region, eventually leading to the failure of
adiabatic core assumption. Whereas, creviced piston head
configuration is demonstrated to result in drastic reduction of the
effect of vortex, and adiabatic core assumption is found to be
valid for long time after
compression. Using this facility,
autoignition investigations are conducted for iso-octane, H2, and
H2/CO system. Iso-octane autoignition is investigated at pressures
up to 22 bar, and temperature from 680 K to 880 K. Whereas H2, and
H2/CO systems are investigated at pressures from 15 to 50 bar, and
temperatures from 950 K to 1100 K. Comparisons of experimental
results with numerical predictions of detailed mechanisms show that
existing mechanisms fail to predict the behavior of these systems.
Particularly, for isooctane ignition significant differences in
simulated and experimental results are noted for experimental
conditions in the NTC regime. For H2/CO system, the existing
mechanisms fail to describe the inhibition effect of CO addition on
H2. Kinetic analysis is shown to further identify the controlling
reaction steps, which require modification of rate constant.
Further investigation of these systems over a wide range of
physical conditions is warranted.
Advisors/Committee Members: Sung, Chih-Jen (Advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Engineering, Mechanical; Rapid compression machine; Autoignition; Chemical kinetics; Hydrogen; Carbon monoxide; Iso octane
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Mittal, G. (2006). A RAPID COMPRESSION MACHINE – DESIGN, CHARACTERIZATION, AND
AUTOIGNITION INVESTIGATIONS. (Doctoral Dissertation). Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1130184196
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mittal, Gaurav. “A RAPID COMPRESSION MACHINE – DESIGN, CHARACTERIZATION, AND
AUTOIGNITION INVESTIGATIONS.” 2006. Doctoral Dissertation, Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies. Accessed January 22, 2021.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1130184196.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mittal, Gaurav. “A RAPID COMPRESSION MACHINE – DESIGN, CHARACTERIZATION, AND
AUTOIGNITION INVESTIGATIONS.” 2006. Web. 22 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Mittal G. A RAPID COMPRESSION MACHINE – DESIGN, CHARACTERIZATION, AND
AUTOIGNITION INVESTIGATIONS. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies; 2006. [cited 2021 Jan 22].
Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1130184196.
Council of Science Editors:
Mittal G. A RAPID COMPRESSION MACHINE – DESIGN, CHARACTERIZATION, AND
AUTOIGNITION INVESTIGATIONS. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies; 2006. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1130184196
21.
Boissiere, Andrew.
Effect of additives on laser ignition and compression ignition of methane and hydrocarbons in a rapid compression machine.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Mechanical Engineering, 2016, Colorado State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/178937
► Despite recent efforts to develop new energy systems that do not rely on combustion of fossil fuels, internal combustion (IC) engines powered on fossil fuels…
(more)
▼ Despite recent efforts to develop new energy systems that do not rely on combustion of fossil fuels, internal combustion (IC) engines powered on fossil fuels (i.e. gasoline, diesel or natural gas) will remain as an integral component of the global energy portfolio for years to come and increasing the efficiency of IC engines will be a necessary means to reduce fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, the effect of fuel additives on natural gas and gasoline spark ignited engines were investigated using laser ignition and
compression ignition experiments performed in a
rapid compression machine (RCM). The goal of the laser ignition study was to examine the effect of additives to extend the lean limit of natural gas engines, while the goal of the
compression ignition experiments were to examine the ability of fuel additives to decrease knock propensity of gasoline fuels. For the laser ignition study, methane/air mixtures containing various fuel additives at temperatures and pressures representative of the compressed conditions inside an internal combustion engine were ignited in the RCM. An Nd:YAG laser operating at a wavelength of 1064 nm was used to ignite methane/air mixtures ranging in equivalence ratio from stoichiometric down to 0.4 using a
rapid compression machine (RCM). Experiments were conducted to determine the lean limit, minimum spark energy (MSE), and minimum ignition energy (MIE). Three different fuel additives at varying concentrations were tested. The results show that laser ignition exhibits a stochastic behavior which must be interpreted statistically. A 90% probability of occurrence is used to evaluate the MSE and MIE which resulted in MSE90=2.3 mJ and MIE90=7.2 mJ for methane/air mixtures of equivalence ratio equal to 0.4. The lean limit, defined as greater than 90% of the theoretically possible heat release, was found as equivalence ratio of 0.47 for methane/air mixtures. All three fuel additives resulted in a reduction of the baseline methane/air MIE, while only DTBP and NM resulted in a reduction of the lean limit. For the
compression ignition study, the effects of various fuel additives on the auto-ignition characteristics of gasoline reference fuels were studied in the RCM. Fuel additives were added to stoichiometric fuel/air mixtures of liquid gasoline surrogate fuels and were auto-ignited in a RCM. Experiments were conducted to determine the ignition delay, heat release rate, and net heat release of the gasoline surrogate/air mixtures with and without fuel additives. Five different gasoline fuel additives were tested in an Iso-Octane and Toluene Reference base fuel. The results show that the majority of the additives increased the reactivity and decreased the ignition delays of the base fuels. However, a select few of the tested additives decreased the reactivity and increased the ignition delays of the base fuel at select conditions, which could be beneficial to increasing the efficiency of internal combustion engines.
Advisors/Committee Members: Marchese, Anthony (advisor), Yalin, Azer (advisor), Van Orden, Alan (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: combustion; iso-octane; rapid compression machine; ignition; additives; methane
…77
Table 9.1 Rapid Compression Machine Seals… …24
Figure 2.2 Colorado State University Rapid Compression Machine… …94
Figure 7.1 Rapid Compression Machine Piston Head Assembly… …106
Figure 7.2 Rapid Compression Machine Piston Positions… …109
Figure 8.1 General Assembly Drawing of Rapid Compression Machine…
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APA (6th Edition):
Boissiere, A. (2016). Effect of additives on laser ignition and compression ignition of methane and hydrocarbons in a rapid compression machine. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/178937
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Boissiere, Andrew. “Effect of additives on laser ignition and compression ignition of methane and hydrocarbons in a rapid compression machine.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed January 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10217/178937.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Boissiere, Andrew. “Effect of additives on laser ignition and compression ignition of methane and hydrocarbons in a rapid compression machine.” 2016. Web. 22 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Boissiere A. Effect of additives on laser ignition and compression ignition of methane and hydrocarbons in a rapid compression machine. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/178937.
Council of Science Editors:
Boissiere A. Effect of additives on laser ignition and compression ignition of methane and hydrocarbons in a rapid compression machine. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/178937
Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro
22.
JUAN CARLOS VALDEZ LOAIZA.
[en] REACTIVITY CONTROLLED COMPRESSION IGNITION OF DIESEL
FUEL AND ETHANOL IN RAPID COMPRESSION MACHINE.
Degree: 2018, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro
URL: http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35559
► [pt] Serão necessários muitos anos para que os biocombustíveis sejam capazes de substituir integralmente os derivados fósseis. Este trabalho visa estudar formas alternativas de conversão…
(more)
▼ [pt] Serão necessários muitos anos para que os
biocombustíveis sejam capazes de substituir integralmente os
derivados fósseis. Este trabalho visa estudar formas alternativas
de conversão de energia contida nos combustíveis utilizados em
motores de combustão interna. Maiores eficiências na conversão da
energia contida no combustível e uma menor emissão dos gases de
exaustão são benefícios associados à ignição por compressão de
reatividade controlada, RCCI, onde dois fluidos com diferentes
reatividades são introduzidos na câmara de combustão em instantes
diferentes. Optou-se pelo uso de uma máquina de compressão rápida,
MCR, capaz de controlar parâmetros relevantes, como taxa de
compressão, pressões, tempos de injeção, que foi adaptada para
receber dois sistemas de injeção direta na câmara de combustão.
Como segundo combustível, que substitui parcialmente o óleo diesel,
que é empregado tradicionalmente em motores de ignição por
compressão, optou-se pelo etanol hidratado. Os estudos revelaram
que diferentes formas de injeção dos dois combustíveis produzem
processos muito diferentes, para as mesmas quantidades de
combustíveis injetados. Os resultados são apresentados na forma de
pressão indicada como função do ângulo equivalente, bem como calor
liberado e atraso de ignição. Experiências foram conduzidas para
uma ou duas injeções de etanol por ciclo, em diferentes tempos.
Altas razões de substituição do combustível fóssil foram obtidas,
quando comparadas com a técnica de fumigação, onde o segundo
combustível é misturado externamente ao ar de
combustão.
[en] Many years will be needed for biofuels or other
renewable sources to be able to fully replace fossil fuels. This
work aims to study alternative ways of converting energy contained
in fuels used in internal combustion engines. Higher efficiencies
in converting the energy contained in the fuel and lower emission
of harmful exhaust gases are benefits associated with the
Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition, known for RCCI. In this
type of combustion, two fluids with different ignition-reactivity
characteristics are introduced into the combustion chamber at
different times. To better understand this phenomenon, it was used
a RCM, that is able to control, more easily, relevant parameters
such as compression ratio, temperatures, pressures, injection times
etc. As a second fuel, which partially replaces the diesel, which
is traditionally used in compression ignition engines, it was used
the ethanol. The RCM was then adapted to receive two systems for
direct injection into the combustion chamber. Studies have shown
that different forms of injection of the two fuels produce very
different processes to the same amount of fuel injected. The
results are presented in the form of indicated pressure as a
function of position. Heat released and ignition delay are also
presented. Experiments were conducted for one or two injections of
ethanol per cycle at different times. High substitution rates of
the fossil fuel were obtained when compared to injections of
external mixtures…
Advisors/Committee Members: SERGIO LEAL BRAGA.
Subjects/Keywords: [pt] COMBUSTAO; [en] COMBUSTION; [pt] IGNICAO POR COMPRESSAO COM REATIVIDADE
CONTROLADA; [en] REACTIVITY CONTROLLED COMPRESSION IGNITION; [pt] DUAL FUEL; [en] DUAL FUEL; [pt] DIESEL ETANOL; [en] DIESEL ETHANOL; [pt] MAQUINA DE COMPRESSAO RAPIDA; [en] RAPID COMPRESSION MACHINE
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APA (6th Edition):
LOAIZA, J. C. V. (2018). [en] REACTIVITY CONTROLLED COMPRESSION IGNITION OF DIESEL
FUEL AND ETHANOL IN RAPID COMPRESSION MACHINE. (Thesis). Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro. Retrieved from http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35559
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
LOAIZA, JUAN CARLOS VALDEZ. “[en] REACTIVITY CONTROLLED COMPRESSION IGNITION OF DIESEL
FUEL AND ETHANOL IN RAPID COMPRESSION MACHINE.” 2018. Thesis, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro. Accessed January 22, 2021.
http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35559.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
LOAIZA, JUAN CARLOS VALDEZ. “[en] REACTIVITY CONTROLLED COMPRESSION IGNITION OF DIESEL
FUEL AND ETHANOL IN RAPID COMPRESSION MACHINE.” 2018. Web. 22 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
LOAIZA JCV. [en] REACTIVITY CONTROLLED COMPRESSION IGNITION OF DIESEL
FUEL AND ETHANOL IN RAPID COMPRESSION MACHINE. [Internet] [Thesis]. Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 22].
Available from: http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35559.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
LOAIZA JCV. [en] REACTIVITY CONTROLLED COMPRESSION IGNITION OF DIESEL
FUEL AND ETHANOL IN RAPID COMPRESSION MACHINE. [Thesis]. Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro; 2018. Available from: http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35559
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
23.
Burke, Ultan.
An experimental and modelling study of selected oxygenated biofuels
.
Degree: 2014, National University of Ireland – Galway
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10379/4832
► Detailed chemical kinetic models are useful tools for the development of more efficient combustion systems. These models require validation of the elementary kinetics used in…
(more)
▼ Detailed chemical kinetic models are useful tools for the development of more efficient
combustion systems. These models require validation of the elementary kinetics used in
order for them to be accurate and reliable. The range of pressures, temperatures, and
mixture compositions related to practical combustors means that these models need to be validated over a wide range of conditions. Shock tubes and
rapid compression machines, such as the ones used during this study, are well suited to provide these validation data due to the well characterised conditions of temperature and pressure during these experiments.
This study aims to provide both the fundamental experimental data for model validation,
and accurate and robustly validated chemical kinetic models, in particular for oxygenated
biofuels.
Methane (CH4), dimethyl ether (DME), 80/20 CH4/DME and 60/40 CH4/DME in `air'
ignition delay times were recorded for p = 7-44 atm, T = 600-1600 K, and equivalence
ratios of 0.3-2.0. These ignition delay times show that as the concentration of DME
increases the ignition delay time decreases. The ignition delay times measured provide new validation targets at engine relevant conditions to validate a new chemical kinetic model.
This model incorporates updated thermochemical group values based on the calculations of Yamada et al. used for the calculation of the thermochemical data for DME combustion
species presented in this model (Mech 56.54). Pressure-dependent rate constants have
been applied for the first time to the main low-temperature reactions pertaining to the
oxidation of DME. High-level calculations and measurements have been applied to the
other major reactions of the DME mechanism where available. This model has been
validated not only against the new data collected but also against existing literature data in order to constrain the reaction rate constants and reduce the uncertainty in the assignment of the rate constants in the model. The result is a robustly validated mechanism, that can accurately predict the validation targets.
Methanol (CH3OH) is the simplest alcohol, and its reaction mechanism is well known.
However there is a lack of experimental data available for model validation at engine
relevant conditions. In this study ignition delay times have been recorded for CH3OH
concentrations ranging from 1.5-21.9%, at p = 2-50 atm, T = 850-1600 K, and
equivalence ratios of 0.5-2.0. The wide range of conditions studied allowed for the revalidation of a CH3OH chemical kinetic mechanism. At the high pressure conditions of the data measured, sensitivity was observed to the rate constant CH3OH + HO2 <=> CH2OH + H2O2. This rate constant is still disputed, with differences in the available quantum
chemical calculations ranging from a factor of 3 to an order of magnitude. The wide range
of validation data collected during this study helped to assign an optimum rate constant
for this reaction. The updated model was also validated against existing literature data.
Previous studies have shown…
Advisors/Committee Members: Curran, Henry J (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Combustion;
Ignition;
Biofuels;
Kinetic modelling;
Shock tube;
Rapid;
Compression machine;
School of Chemistry
…High Pressure Shock Tube
2.1.4 NUIG Low Pressure Shock Tube
2.2 Rapid Compression Machine… …Experimental
This study utilised shock tubes (ST) and a rapid compression machine (RCM… …about shock tubes and rapid compression
machines. Thanks for teaching me the ways of the…
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Burke, U. (2014). An experimental and modelling study of selected oxygenated biofuels
. (Thesis). National University of Ireland – Galway. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10379/4832
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Burke, Ultan. “An experimental and modelling study of selected oxygenated biofuels
.” 2014. Thesis, National University of Ireland – Galway. Accessed January 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10379/4832.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Burke, Ultan. “An experimental and modelling study of selected oxygenated biofuels
.” 2014. Web. 22 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Burke U. An experimental and modelling study of selected oxygenated biofuels
. [Internet] [Thesis]. National University of Ireland – Galway; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10379/4832.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Burke U. An experimental and modelling study of selected oxygenated biofuels
. [Thesis]. National University of Ireland – Galway; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10379/4832
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
24.
Motily, Austen.
Evaluation of hot surface ignition device performance with high-pressure kerosene fuel sprays.
Degree: MS, Mechanical Engineering, 2020, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/107927
► Among the range of commercially feasible propulsion systems, compression ignition (CI) engines present many advantages for light-duty vehicle operation. In particular, CI engines remain an…
(more)
▼ Among the range of commercially feasible propulsion systems,
compression ignition (CI) engines present many advantages for light-duty vehicle operation. In particular, CI engines remain an optimal choice for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) designed to operate at moderate flight speeds. However, one of the primary limitations of CI engines is that they require well-characterized, highly-reactive diesel fuel to operate properly. As the United States Department of Defense implements the single fuel concept and with global efforts to develop alternatively derived fuels, it is paramount that modern CI engines have the capability to perform with a diverse variety of fuel types. At its core, this challenge can be framed as an ignition problem, where low reactivity fuels and extreme operating conditions result in long ignition delays, engine misfires, and power loss. It is for this reason that novel ignition devices be developed to support reliable CI engine operation. Hot surface energy addition devices are a promising technology to improve ignition behavior, but the mechanisms by which the heating element supports the ignition process are not well understood.
This study evaluates the performance and limitations of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) heating elements in functioning as continuous-use ignition devices for kerosene-fueled CI engines. Furthermore, it examines the interaction between a single high-pressure fuel spray with a hot surface device in order to identify the most important parameters for optimizing ignition behavior. Results of these experiments demonstrate that existing heating elements can accelerate the ignition process for fuels with a wide range of reactivities, assuming a sufficient surface temperature can be achieved. Reaching these temperatures in an engine environment and maintaining these temperatures for long periods of operation, with acceptable heating element durability, will be the primary challenges in developing next-generation ignition systems.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lee, Tonghun (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Hot surface ignition; Rapid compression machine; Fuel spray ignition; Energy assisted ignition; High-pressure fuel spray; Ignition modes; Ignition device; Fuel spray heat release; Low-reactivity fuels; High-speed chemiluminescence imaging
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Motily, A. (2020). Evaluation of hot surface ignition device performance with high-pressure kerosene fuel sprays. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/107927
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Motily, Austen. “Evaluation of hot surface ignition device performance with high-pressure kerosene fuel sprays.” 2020. Thesis, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed January 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/107927.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Motily, Austen. “Evaluation of hot surface ignition device performance with high-pressure kerosene fuel sprays.” 2020. Web. 22 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Motily A. Evaluation of hot surface ignition device performance with high-pressure kerosene fuel sprays. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/107927.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Motily A. Evaluation of hot surface ignition device performance with high-pressure kerosene fuel sprays. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/107927
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Universitat Politècnica de València
25.
Pagano, Vincenzo.
Analysis of a stratified pre-chamber spark ignition system under lean mixture conditions
.
Degree: 2020, Universitat Politècnica de València
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10251/152486
► [EN] In the current work, the characterization of the combustion process inside a stratified pre-chamber spark ignition (PCSI) system is performed. An extensive bibliographical review…
(more)
▼ [EN] In the current work, the characterization of the combustion process inside a stratified pre-chamber spark ignition (PCSI) system is performed. An extensive bibliographical review about the pre-chamber systems developed from the second half of the 20th century until modern times is presented. The review shows that the latest generation systems have the potential to accomplish the emissions limits while providing high performance and low fuel consumption. Nevertheless, many efforts of the scientific community are still needed to allow the large-scale application of the technology. Indeed, based on the outstanding challenges observed, the investigation plan is developed including both experimental and numerical parts. All experiments were performed by means of the
rapid compressionexpansion
machine (RCEM) in the CMT-Motores Térmicos laboratory. The original cylinder head layout was modified to allow the housing of the prechamber itself, fuel injectors, spark plug, pressure transducers in both chamber, and a thermocouple. The test methodology involved the acquisition of the pressure evolution in both main chamber and pre-chamber, the piston position (used to compute the instantaneous cylinder volume), the duration of the auxiliary injection, and the spark ignition point. These are used as input for the zero-dimensional thermodynamic model which simulates the fundamental parameters aims to characterize the PCSI system working cycle. Therefore, a deeper knowledge of the mass interchanged process, induced turbulence field, heat release rate, combustion speed, and flame regime is generated. Subsequently, to calibrate the zero-dimensional model coefficients under motoring conditions, several 3D CFD simulations were carried out by means of Converge software. Hence, the results of the simulations in terms of interchanged mass and pre-chamber turbulent kinetic energy have been used to calibrate the nozzle discharge coefficient and the turbulence sub-model coefficients for all the pre-chamber geometries. Furthermore, the 3D CFD simulations outputs are analysed to fully understand the flow field structure and the local effect induced by the different nozzles at the spark activation time. The turbulent kinetic energy in terms of intensity and orientation is investigated over several relevant pre-chamber sections. The results reveal a clear relationship between the turbulence developed within the pre-chamber and the orifices structure. Straight orifices or perpendicular jets impact, promote more intense local turbulence due to direct collision while tilted orifices guarantee more homogeneity due to the swirling motion. Additionally, increase the orifice numbers shows benefits on the fluid dynamic homogeneity. Thus, preceding the experimental campaign several fundamental aspects of the system are evaluated. The cycle-to-cycle dispersion is explored by means of the statistical assessment showing low pressure peak deviation. The auxiliary injection pressure and timing are optimized for avoiding wall wetting phenomena while…
Advisors/Committee Members: Morena Borja, Joaquín de la (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Pre-chamber Spark Ignition System;
Torch Jet Ignition;
Flame Propagation;
Nozzle Geometry;
Combustion Speed;
Heat Release Rate;
Stratified System;
Natural Chemiluminescence;
Combustion Visualization;
Rapid Compression-Expansion Machine;
Combustion Efficiency;
Turbulent Kinetic Energy;
CFD Simulations;
0D Thermodynamic Model
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APA ·
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Export
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APA (6th Edition):
Pagano, V. (2020). Analysis of a stratified pre-chamber spark ignition system under lean mixture conditions
. (Doctoral Dissertation). Universitat Politècnica de València. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10251/152486
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Pagano, Vincenzo. “Analysis of a stratified pre-chamber spark ignition system under lean mixture conditions
.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, Universitat Politècnica de València. Accessed January 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10251/152486.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Pagano, Vincenzo. “Analysis of a stratified pre-chamber spark ignition system under lean mixture conditions
.” 2020. Web. 22 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Pagano V. Analysis of a stratified pre-chamber spark ignition system under lean mixture conditions
. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Universitat Politècnica de València; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10251/152486.
Council of Science Editors:
Pagano V. Analysis of a stratified pre-chamber spark ignition system under lean mixture conditions
. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Universitat Politècnica de València; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10251/152486
University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
26.
Valco, Daniel Joseph.
Autoignition and combustion chemistry of kerosene type fuels and components.
Degree: PhD, Chemical Engineering, 2017, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/99203
► The research in this thesis is focused on the combustion of conventional (petroleum-based) jet fuels, alternative (synthetic or bio-derived) fuels, and pure fuel components at…
(more)
▼ The research in this thesis is focused on the combustion of conventional (petroleum-based) jet fuels, alternative (synthetic or bio-derived) fuels, and pure fuel components at low combustion temperatures (500 – 725K) and under stoichiometric to fuel lean conditions. These conditions are of interest because they occur at the edges of stable engine operation, which are sensitive to ignition and combustion processes. Alternative fuels from various feedstocks are proposed as substitutes for conventional fuels. These alternative fuels can vary significantly in physical and/or chemical properties. In order to incorporate alternative fuels into current energy conversion systems, certification of these fuels must be obtained, which requires detailed understanding of the fuel properties and combustion characteristics. This research examines aviation fuels, where combustion experiments were conducted utilizing a
rapid compression machine and a shock tube that enable acquisition of zero-dimensional ignition delay data for subsequent analysis of gas-phase reactivity. The data collected captures the effect of the chemical ignition process, which supports the creation and/or refinement of kinetic models as a validation comparison to enable optimization of current and future engine technologies.
Over the six-year course of this project, ignition delay measurements of conventional jet fuels, alternative fuels, specially formulated surrogate fuels, and 50/50 fuel blends were conducted over a wide pressure (5 – 20 bar) and equivalence ratio (0.25 ≤ ϕ ≤ 1.0) range in the low temperature region. All measurements were accompanied with gas chromatography and mass spectrometer (GC/MS) data to link performance characteristics with chemometric signatures of the fuel. The low temperature combustion environment fosters a complex mix of chemical reactions which can significantly influence the combustion characteristics under engine operating conditions. At the lowest temperatures (T<725K), classical kinetic modeling for alkanes suggests that reactivity is controlled by low-temperature chain branching: R + O2 ↔ RO2 ↔ QOOH (+O2) ↔ OOQOOH → 2OH + products. The variation and/or similarities in ignition behavior observed amongst fuels is attributed to their different concentrations of fuel components, whose fractions control the global rate of low-temperature chain branching.
From the array of fuels tested at the various conditions, the findings included the presence of negative-temperature coefficient behavior especially at low pressures and lean fuel mixtures. In addition, the similarity in reactivity of all conventional aviation fuels studied (Jet-A, JP-5, and JP-8) at low temperatures was noted. The petroleum based aviation fuels clearly exhibit longer ignition delays than most alternative fuels. The shorter ignition delays and corresponding enhanced reactivity of the alternative fuels is generally due to the high paraffinic content relative to conventional fuels. Other notable behaviors of alternative fuels and blends include the effect of…
Advisors/Committee Members: Lee, Tonghun (advisor), Lee, Tonghun (Committee Chair), Yang, Hong (Committee Chair), Diao, Ying (committee member), Flaherty, David W (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Autoignition; Rapid compression machine; Shock tube; Ignition delay; JP-8; JP-5; Hydroprocessed renewable jet (HRJ); Fischer-Tropsch (FT); Alcohol to jet (ATJ); Direct sugar to hydrocarbon (DSHC); Jet fuel; Combustion
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Valco, D. J. (2017). Autoignition and combustion chemistry of kerosene type fuels and components. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/99203
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Valco, Daniel Joseph. “Autoignition and combustion chemistry of kerosene type fuels and components.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed January 22, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/99203.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Valco, Daniel Joseph. “Autoignition and combustion chemistry of kerosene type fuels and components.” 2017. Web. 22 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Valco DJ. Autoignition and combustion chemistry of kerosene type fuels and components. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/99203.
Council of Science Editors:
Valco DJ. Autoignition and combustion chemistry of kerosene type fuels and components. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/99203
27.
Ezzell, Jenna.
An Analysis of Testing Variables in Rapid Compression Machine Experiments.
Degree: 2017, Marquette University
URL: https://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/438
► There have been discrepancies noted with regards to experimental data from rapid compression machines (RCM). When data is compared from different RCM facilities, the ignition…
(more)
▼ There have been discrepancies noted with regards to experimental data from
rapid compression machines (RCM). When data is compared from different RCM facilities, the ignition delay times are inconsistent when inspecting any particular temperature. Currently in publications, if these datasets are compared, the discrepancy is said to be due to heat loss, however this issue has yet to be examined more thoroughly. To determine what the root cause of this discrepancy is, four different fake RCM facilities were created and simulated. There were also different sets of initial conditions used to determine how this may affect the data. They were simulated using a Multi-Zone Model, which is a one-dimensional model that uses a piston trajectory to calculate the change in volume over time to define the pressure in the reaction chamber for a given set of initial conditions. To assist in determining which initial conditions to use for any combination of desired compressed conditions, an Artifical Neural Network was used. There was a different network created for each
machine, and they were trained to be able to predict the compressed temperature and pressure given a set of initial conditions. Once the initial conditions were determined, the simulations were run and the data was analyzed. It was determined that the
compression time was the most important geometric factor leading to the discrepancy. It was also determined that the most influential set of initial conditions involved changing the initial pressure of the mixture as well as the
compression ratio to reach the desired values.
Advisors/Committee Members: Allen, Casey, Singer, Simcha L., Bowman, Anthony J..
Subjects/Keywords: Ignition Delay Time; Rapid Compression Machine; Electro-Mechanical Systems; Mechanical Engineering
…engine. The testing method being focused
on in this work is the rapid compression machine (… …right of the dashed line represents data taken using a
rapid compression machine, as that is… …ignition studies testing mechanisms, the rapid
compression machine most directly measures the… …it can be easily determined in a simulation.
2.2
Rapid Compression Machine variances
To… …discrepancy.
16
2.3
Rapid Compression Machine modeling techniques
As discussed in the…
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APA (6th Edition):
Ezzell, J. (2017). An Analysis of Testing Variables in Rapid Compression Machine Experiments. (Thesis). Marquette University. Retrieved from https://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/438
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ezzell, Jenna. “An Analysis of Testing Variables in Rapid Compression Machine Experiments.” 2017. Thesis, Marquette University. Accessed January 22, 2021.
https://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/438.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ezzell, Jenna. “An Analysis of Testing Variables in Rapid Compression Machine Experiments.” 2017. Web. 22 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Ezzell J. An Analysis of Testing Variables in Rapid Compression Machine Experiments. [Internet] [Thesis]. Marquette University; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 22].
Available from: https://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/438.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Ezzell J. An Analysis of Testing Variables in Rapid Compression Machine Experiments. [Thesis]. Marquette University; 2017. Available from: https://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/438
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
28.
Davies, Varun Anthony.
Autoignition Study of Ethanol and Heptane in a Rapid
Compression Machine.
Degree: MSin Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, 2015, University of Akron
URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1415106446
► Practical fuels are a complex mixture of thousands of hydrocarbon compounds, making it challenging and difficult to study their combustion behavior. It’s generally agreed that…
(more)
▼ Practical fuels are a complex mixture of thousands of
hydrocarbon compounds, making it challenging and difficult to study
their combustion behavior. It’s generally agreed that in order to
study these complex practical fuels a much simpler approach of
studying simple fuel surrogates containing limited number of
components is more feasible. Ethanol and n-heptane have been
studied as primary reference fuels in the surrogate study of
gasoline and diesel over the past few decades. The objective of the
following thesis has been to study the autoignition characteristics
of ethanol and n-heptane and validate chemical kinetic mechanisms.
The validation of a chemical kinetic mechanism provides a deeper
insight into the combustion behavior of the fuels which can be
further used to study advanced combustion concepts. Experiments
have been conducted on the
rapid compression machine (RCM) and
validated against mechanisms from literature study.
Rapid
compression machines have been primarily used to study chemical
kinetics at low to intermediate temperatures and high pressures for
their accuracy and reproducibility. For the following study
experiments span over a range of temperature (650-1000 K), pressure
(10, 15 and 20 bar) and equivalence ratio (¿=0.3, 0.5, 1).
Experimental data based on the adiabatic volumetric expansion
approach have been modeled numerically using the Sandia SENKIN code
in conjunction with CHEMKIN. Experiments have been primarily
focused on validating kinetic mechanisms at low to intermediate
temperatures and elevated pressures. Ignition delay time data from
experiments have been deduced based on the pressure and time
histories. A brute sensitivity and flux analysis has been performed
to reveal the key sensitive reactions and the dominant reaction
pathways followed under the present experimental conditions.
Improvements have been suggested and discrepancies noted in order
to develop a valid chemical kinetic mechanism. Under the present
experimental conditions for the study of ethanol, reactions
involving hydroperoxyl radicals, namely C2H5OH+H¿2 and CH3CHO+ H¿2
as well as the formation of H2O2 from H¿2 radical and its
subsequent decomposition have been found to be sensitive. Based on
the following, improvements and developements have been suggested
to increase the accuracy and predictability of the mechanisms
studied.Ignition delay data from experiments have been compared
against those obtained from the mechanism used in the study for
n-heptane. Discrepancies have been found in the low temperature
region, with the mechanism under predicting the first ignition
delay. The causes for the discrepancy have been noted to be due to
the NTC behaviour exhibited during the two stage ignition of
n-heptane. At low temperatures the reaction pathway proceeded by
chain branching mainly due to the ketohydroperoxide species
reaction pathway has been analysed. As the temperature of the
reaction increases the reaction pathway is dominated by the Q ¿OOH
species propagation resulting in the formation of conjugate olefins
and…
Advisors/Committee Members: Mittal, Gaurav (Advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Mechanical Engineering; Chemical Kinetics; rapid compression machine; ethanol; heptane; reaction mechanism; autoignition
…III. AUTOIGNITION OF ETHANOL IN A RAPID COMPRESSION MACHINE ........26
3.1 Introduction… …48
IV. AUTOIGNITION OF n-HEPTANE IN A RAPID COMPRESSION MACHINE .....49
4.1 Introduction… …elevated pressures experiments were
carried out in a Rapid Compression Machine (RCM) to… …fractions.
25
CHAPTER III
AUTOIGNITION OF ETHANOL IN A RAPID COMPRESSION MACHINE
3.1… …proposed and data reported from shock tubes, flow reactors and rapid compression
machines in…
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Davies, V. A. (2015). Autoignition Study of Ethanol and Heptane in a Rapid
Compression Machine. (Masters Thesis). University of Akron. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1415106446
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Davies, Varun Anthony. “Autoignition Study of Ethanol and Heptane in a Rapid
Compression Machine.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Akron. Accessed January 22, 2021.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1415106446.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Davies, Varun Anthony. “Autoignition Study of Ethanol and Heptane in a Rapid
Compression Machine.” 2015. Web. 22 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Davies VA. Autoignition Study of Ethanol and Heptane in a Rapid
Compression Machine. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Akron; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 22].
Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1415106446.
Council of Science Editors:
Davies VA. Autoignition Study of Ethanol and Heptane in a Rapid
Compression Machine. [Masters Thesis]. University of Akron; 2015. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1415106446
29.
Banyon, Colin.
An Investigation of Phase-Change Effects During Rapid Compression Machine Experiments.
Degree: 2013, Marquette University
URL: https://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/224
► Rapid compression machines (RCMs) are well characterized laboratory scale devices capable of achieving internal combustion (IC) engine relevant thermodynamic environments. These machines are often used…
(more)
▼ Rapid compression machines (RCMs) are well characterized laboratory scale devices capable of achieving internal combustion (IC) engine relevant thermodynamic environments. These machines are often used to collect ignition delay times as targets for gas-phase chemical kinetic fuel autoigntion models. Modern RCMs utilize creviced piston(s) to improve charge homogeneity and allow for an adequate validation of detailed chemistry mechanisms against experiments using computationally efficient, homogeneous reactor models (HRMs). Conventionally, experiments are preformed by introducing a premixed gas of fuel + oxidizer + diluent into the
machine, which is compressed volumetrically via a piston. Experiments investigating low-vapor pressure fuels (e.g. diesels, biodiesels, jet fuels, etc.) and surrogates can be conducted by preheating both the charge as well as the
machine. This method of fuel loading can lead to pretest fuel pyrolysis as well as
machine seal degradation. Under some conditions loading a fuel aerosol of finely atomized liquid droplets in an oxidizer + diluent bath gas (i.e. wet
compression) has been suggested to extend the capabilities of RCM experiments to involatile fuels. This work investigates phase-change effects during RCM experiments, especially for aerosol-fueling conditions, while the methodology can be applied to gas-phase fuel experiments where fuel condensation can occur at the compressed conditions within the boundary layer region. To facilitate this study a reduced-order, physics-based model is used. This work highlights important
machine-scale influences not investigated in previous work, and provides additional detail concerning an aerosol RCM’s capabilities and limitations. A transient formulation is developed for the multi-phase transport within the RCM reaction chamber as well as the flow to the piston crevice region during both the
compression and delay periods. The goal of this work is threefold. First, an a priori knowledge of the stratification present under various conditions can help determine an optimum
machine geometry so that discrepancies between experimental data sets and 0D kinetics simulations are minimized for involatile fuels. Second, the model is computationally tractable to prescribe heat loss rates to an HRM during simulations of experiments so that physical effects can be incorporated into simulations using detailed chemistry. Finally, heat loss rates that are prescribed to the HRM are only a function of
machine geometry, and are independent of ad hoc and empirically derived fits that vary between facilities. Thus a more adequate comparison of data between RCM facilities and with existing literature can be made.
Advisors/Committee Members: Goldsborough, Samuel S., Kim, Kyuil, Borg, John.
Subjects/Keywords: aerosol; CFD; involatile fuel; multi-phase; multi-zone model; rapid compression machine; Applied Mechanics; Heat Transfer, Combustion
…during rapid
compression machine (RCM) experiments. Rapid compression machines are… …Recherche ScientifiqueOrleans. (Bottom-right) The rapid compression machine at the… …v
List of Tables
2.1
Design features of a few rapid compression machines… …pre-heating of the machine can lead
to seal degradation.
Recently, the “wet compression… …is loaded into the
machine. During piston compression the fuel is vaporized and diffusively…
Record Details
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Banyon, C. (2013). An Investigation of Phase-Change Effects During Rapid Compression Machine Experiments. (Thesis). Marquette University. Retrieved from https://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/224
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Banyon, Colin. “An Investigation of Phase-Change Effects During Rapid Compression Machine Experiments.” 2013. Thesis, Marquette University. Accessed January 22, 2021.
https://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/224.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Banyon, Colin. “An Investigation of Phase-Change Effects During Rapid Compression Machine Experiments.” 2013. Web. 22 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Banyon C. An Investigation of Phase-Change Effects During Rapid Compression Machine Experiments. [Internet] [Thesis]. Marquette University; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 22].
Available from: https://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/224.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Banyon C. An Investigation of Phase-Change Effects During Rapid Compression Machine Experiments. [Thesis]. Marquette University; 2013. Available from: https://epublications.marquette.edu/theses_open/224
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
30.
Parajuli, Bikash.
Laminar Flame Speeds and Autoignition of Dimethyl Ether at
Elevated Pressures and Temperature using Novel Combustion
Technique.
Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2016, University of Akron
URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1471016443
► Dimethyl Ether (DME) is a candidate fuel that has potential to be renewable and advantageous over diesel in terms of combustion and emission characteristics as…
(more)
▼ Dimethyl Ether (DME) is a candidate fuel that has
potential to be renewable and advantageous over diesel in terms of
combustion and emission characteristics as well as suitable for use
in stationary gas turbines. Further, it can be used neat as well as
blended with diesel, gasoline or other fuels in conventional and
advanced CI engines. The design of various types of engines that
use DME as a fuel is greatly dependent on computational simulations
which require validated chemical kinetic mechanisms that can
reliably mimic the combustion and pollutant formation behavior of
DME at physical conditions that are relevant to engines. The
objective of this work is to contribute to a better understanding
and validation of chemical kinetics of DME, particularly at
elevated pressures. This is done by obtaining data for
auto-ignition and laminar flame speed of DME, which is subsequently
used to assess and refine existing chemical kinetic mechanisms.To
this effect, a novel optically accessible experimental facility,
called DCF (Dynamic Combustion Facility), is first designed,
fabricated, characterized and validated for laminar flame
propagation studies. In this facility, the combustible mixture in
the reactor cylinder is compressed to elevated pressures and
temperatures by controlled motion of the reactor piston through a
custom-designed hybrid cylinder arrangement. Spark is initiated
after
compression in the constant volume spherical chamber,
yielding an outward propagating flame which is observed by
Schlieren imaging technique. The procedures for data interpretation
are developed and the experimental conditions under which piston
motion induced temperature non-homogeneity is avoided are
delineated. The facility is validated by obtaining data for
methane/air flame speed at atmospheric and elevated pressures and
comparing with the literature data. Subsequently, flame speed data
for DME is obtained over a range of pressures and compared with
predictions from recent chemical kinetic mechanism. The phenomenon
of autoignition in the low-to-intermediate temperature region is of
great practical importance in engines. Advanced combustion engines
are based on low temperature combustion regime. Operation at these
low temperature strategies is significantly kinetically-influenced
by the complex low temperature chemistry of fuels. Therefore,
autoignition of DME is investigated at low temperatures (630-785 K)
and high pressures (8-38 bar) over a range of equivalence ratios
(1-6) using a
Rapid Compression Machine (RCM). In addition, the
effect of CO2 addition on ignition is investigated to gauge the
effect of exhaust gas recirculation. Results show that DME is very
reactive and there is significant kinetic activity during the
compression stroke. Experiments using CO2 show that there is no
kinetic effect of CO2 on ignition delay. The experimental data are
compared with simulations from available detailed and skeletal
chemical kinetic models. In general, there is good overall
agreement and discrepancies are noted at low temperatures. The key…
Advisors/Committee Members: Mittal, Gaurav (Advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Mechanical Engineering; Aerospace Engineering; Novel Combustion Technique, Laminar Flame Speed, Dimethyl
Ether, DME, Elevated Pressure, Elevated Temperature, Rapid
Compression Machine, RCM, Dynamic Combustion facility,
DCF
…Rapid Compression Machine
ZOI
Zone Of Interest
Greek Symbols
𝛾
Specific heat ratio
𝛿𝐷… …63
Linear Stretch Model with Compression Correction ............................. 64… …values, standard errors and R2 for Linear stretch
model without compression correction. CH4/air… …CC means that compression
correction is included. CH4/air, ϕ=1, P=1 atm, T=296 K… …41
xiv
2.11 - Compression curves superposed on Fig. 2.10(a) illustrating the…
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Parajuli, B. (2016). Laminar Flame Speeds and Autoignition of Dimethyl Ether at
Elevated Pressures and Temperature using Novel Combustion
Technique. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Akron. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1471016443
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Parajuli, Bikash. “Laminar Flame Speeds and Autoignition of Dimethyl Ether at
Elevated Pressures and Temperature using Novel Combustion
Technique.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Akron. Accessed January 22, 2021.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1471016443.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Parajuli, Bikash. “Laminar Flame Speeds and Autoignition of Dimethyl Ether at
Elevated Pressures and Temperature using Novel Combustion
Technique.” 2016. Web. 22 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Parajuli B. Laminar Flame Speeds and Autoignition of Dimethyl Ether at
Elevated Pressures and Temperature using Novel Combustion
Technique. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Akron; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 22].
Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1471016443.
Council of Science Editors:
Parajuli B. Laminar Flame Speeds and Autoignition of Dimethyl Ether at
Elevated Pressures and Temperature using Novel Combustion
Technique. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Akron; 2016. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1471016443
◁ [1] [2] ▶
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Open Access Theses and Dissertations
