subject:(Radiation Induced Effects)

Boise State University

1. Wolf, Kasandra. Radiation-Induced Effects in Chalcogenide-Based Memory Devices and Films.

Degree: 2014, Boise State University

URL: https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/886

► Continued scaling of memory devices has produced many issues for the current foremost non-volatile memory—the flash memory—leading to the emergence of a wide variety of… (more)

▼ Continued scaling of memory devices has produced many issues for the current foremost non-volatile memory—the flash memory—leading to the emergence of a wide variety of alternative memory solutions. Redox Conductive Bridge Memory (RCBM) is one such solution that has shown great promise in recent years. However, the performance of these devices under radiation conditions has not been explored in detail. This work investigates the effects of x-rays and electron bombardment on chalcogenide glasses and RCBM devices based on these materials. RCBM devices are a form of Resistance Change Memory, which rely on two distinct resistive states to represent the binary ‘0’ and ‘1’ memory conditions. The functionality of the RCBM devices is based on the growth and dissolution of a conductive filament through an insulating medium sandwiched between two metal electrodes. The presence of the filament represents the on state, while the absence represents the off state. In this work, we studied RCBM devices fabricated utilizing amorphous Ge-Se films as the active medium. Various compositions of Ge-Se films were studied in order to fully understand the effect of radiation over their properties and determine the most stable system. Various compositions of Ge-Se films in contact with an Ag source were studied as well to simulate the exact processes occurring in the RCBM devices under radiation. Several different material characterization methods were utilized in order to perceive all of the effects occurring in the systems comprising the RCBM devices. The major characterization methods include Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy to determine the exact compositions, Raman spectroscopy for analyzing the structural properties, and x-ray diffraction to identify the molecular compounds. Both electron beam radiation and x-ray radiation were found to affect the variety of chalcogenide glass compositions and structures containing Ag in different manners, with each radiation type having a specific impact signature. Correspondingly, radiation exposure also affected the performance parameters of the RCBM devices. The performances of these devices under the influence of both forms of radiation were strongly related to the composition of the film within the device.

Subjects/Keywords: chalcogenide glasses; non-volatile memory; radiation induced effects; Nanotechnology Fabrication

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wolf, K. (2014). Radiation-Induced Effects in Chalcogenide-Based Memory Devices and Films. (Thesis). Boise State University. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/886

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wolf, Kasandra. “Radiation-Induced Effects in Chalcogenide-Based Memory Devices and Films.” 2014. Thesis, Boise State University. Accessed March 07, 2021. https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/886.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wolf, Kasandra. “Radiation-Induced Effects in Chalcogenide-Based Memory Devices and Films.” 2014. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Wolf K. Radiation-Induced Effects in Chalcogenide-Based Memory Devices and Films. [Internet] [Thesis]. Boise State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/886.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wolf K. Radiation-Induced Effects in Chalcogenide-Based Memory Devices and Films. [Thesis]. Boise State University; 2014. Available from: https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/886

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Arizona

2. Fox, Brian Philip. Investigation of Ionizing-Radiation-Induced Photodarkening in Rare-Earth-Doped Optical Fiber Amplifier Materials .

Degree: 2013, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311557

► Motivated by an increasing demand for functionality and reliability of systems operating in harsh, ionizing-radiation environments, the core of the present research is an investigation… (more)

▼ Motivated by an increasing demand for functionality and reliability of systems operating in harsh, ionizing-radiation environments, the core of the present research is an investigation of the response of rare-earth-doped, aluminosilicate fibers to ionizing radiation. These rare-earth-doped fibers, consisting of fibers doped with ions of erbium (Er³⁺) and ytterbium (Yb³⁺) designed for use in amplifier systems, reveal average specific losses in response to ⁶⁰Co gamma radiation to be in the range of 0.0285 - 0.193 dB/(m•krad(Si)) at wavelengths from 1300 nm to 1400 nm. An ionizing dose rate dependence was identified in which high dose rates of approximately 40 rad(Si)/s invariably lead to higher induced losses than lower dose rates of approximately 14 rad(Si)/s, indicating the possibility of complex radiation-related phenomena underlying the observed absorption. Data clearly show that Er³⁺-doped fibers are more sensitive to ionizing-radiation in comparison to Yb³⁺-doped fibers, while Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ co-doped fibers are found to be the least sensitive to radiation of all the fibers examined. Evidence of color center formation associated with the dopant aluminum is found in results of visible spectroscopy conducted on gamma-irradiated preform samples and on fibers flown in low-Earth orbit. Near infrared spectroscopic data is consistent with absorption derived from this dopant as well, with the interpretation of band-tailing from the visible portion of the spectrum. Evidence of the formation of a defect intrinsic to the silicate host matrix, the Non-Bridging Oxygen Hole Center (NBOHC), is also found following ionizing radiation of the optical fiber preforms. Since the observed ionizing-radiation-induced absorption is concentrated in the visible portion of the spectrum, the performance of actively operated rare-earth-doped amplifiers is largely impacted by the pump wavelength, which is located at higher energies within the near-infrared portion of the spectrum and therefore closer to the visible portion of the spectrum than the lasing wavelength. Experimental results stemming from rare-earth-doped amplifiers operated under ionizing radiation substantiate the importance of the pumping wavelength, and suggest the presence of cascaded pump photon absorption processes. Based on these results, pumping at longer wavelengths is advised to reduce the effect of color center absorption on this crucial aspect of active fiber amplifier operation. Advisors/Committee Members: Potter, Kelly S (advisor), Potter, Kelly S. (committeemember), Parks, Harold G. (committeemember), Roveda, Janet M. (committeemember), Potter, Barrett G. (committeemember).

Subjects/Keywords: gamma radiation; radiation effects; radiation-induced photodarkening; rare-earth-doped fibers; space radiation; Electrical & Computer Engineering; fiber amplifiers

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APA (6^th Edition):

Fox, B. P. (2013). Investigation of Ionizing-Radiation-Induced Photodarkening in Rare-Earth-Doped Optical Fiber Amplifier Materials . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311557

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fox, Brian Philip. “Investigation of Ionizing-Radiation-Induced Photodarkening in Rare-Earth-Doped Optical Fiber Amplifier Materials .” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311557.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fox, Brian Philip. “Investigation of Ionizing-Radiation-Induced Photodarkening in Rare-Earth-Doped Optical Fiber Amplifier Materials .” 2013. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Fox BP. Investigation of Ionizing-Radiation-Induced Photodarkening in Rare-Earth-Doped Optical Fiber Amplifier Materials . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311557.

Council of Science Editors:

Fox BP. Investigation of Ionizing-Radiation-Induced Photodarkening in Rare-Earth-Doped Optical Fiber Amplifier Materials . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311557

Loma Linda University

3. Dulcich, Melissa S. Effects of Proton Radiation and Pomegranates on Hippocampus and Behavior.

Degree: PhD, Psychology, 2013, Loma Linda University

URL: https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/119

► Exposure to ionizing radiation may have deleterious effects on physical and mental health, with an increased risk of proton radiation for astronauts traveling outside Earth's… (more)

▼ Exposure to ionizing radiation may have deleterious effects on physical and mental health, with an increased risk of proton radiation for astronauts traveling outside Earth's atmosphere into lower earth orbit. In animal models, radiation has been shown to suppress neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the hippocampus, a key area for learning and memory. Furthermore, some evidence suggests that compounds found in fruits and vegetables (e.g. polyphenols) may offer some protection against the cellular effects of radiation. Few studies have looked at the effects of proton radiation on the central nervous system, even though proton radiation is the most prevalent ionizing radiation in space. This study determined whether a polyphenol-rich diet could offer enough protection from the effects of radiation to maintain complex cognitive and fine motor skills such as those required by astronauts. Ninety-six C57BL/6 mice (48 receiving pomegranate juice and 48 receiving sugar water control in their drinking bottles) underwent a battery of behavioral tests to assess baseline cognitive and motor functions and were then either irradiated with proton radiation (2 Gy at 150 MeV/n at 1-2 Gy/min) or sham irradiated. 2 Gy is the approximate dose of radiation to which an astronaut on a long-term mission to Mars may be exposed. Post-radiation behaviors were assessed 1-2 days after irradiation and again two months later to determine radiation-related behavioral changes. Radiation affected depression- and avoidance behaviors. Pomegranate juice was found to be protective against radiation-induced depression, but had gender-specific affects for avoidance behavior. In addition, pomegranate juice seemed to have a greater effect on males than females, inducing behavior similar to that of females in tests of motor coordination and activity levels. Furthermore, the birth of new glial cells and neurons in the hippocampus was quantified using immunohistochemistry for BrdU+/DCX+ cells. Radiation suppressed cell proliferation (BrdU+) and neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (BrdU+/DCX+) of the hippocampus. Pomegranate juice increased neurogenesis (DCX+) in the hippocampus of non-irradiated mice. These data highlight the importance of understanding the complex gender-specific interactions between diet, behavior, and neuropathology, and suggest that pomegranate juice may protect against some radiation-induced deficits. Advisors/Committee Members: Hartman, Richard E., Haerich, Paul, Pop, Viorela, Vermeersch, David.

Subjects/Keywords: Experimental Analysis of Behavior; Ionizing radiation - toxicology; Radiation effects; Antioxidants;

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APA (6^th Edition):

Dulcich, M. S. (2013). Effects of Proton Radiation and Pomegranates on Hippocampus and Behavior. (Doctoral Dissertation). Loma Linda University. Retrieved from https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/119

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dulcich, Melissa S. “Effects of Proton Radiation and Pomegranates on Hippocampus and Behavior.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Loma Linda University. Accessed March 07, 2021. https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/119.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dulcich, Melissa S. “Effects of Proton Radiation and Pomegranates on Hippocampus and Behavior.” 2013. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Dulcich MS. Effects of Proton Radiation and Pomegranates on Hippocampus and Behavior. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Loma Linda University; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/119.

Council of Science Editors:

Dulcich MS. Effects of Proton Radiation and Pomegranates on Hippocampus and Behavior. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Loma Linda University; 2013. Available from: https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/119

Texas Medical Center

4. Rubinstein, Ashley E. A PRECLINICAL STUDY OF RADIATION-INDUCED LUNG TOXICITY WHEN IRRADIATING IN A STRONG MAGNETIC FIELD.

Degree: PhD, 2017, Texas Medical Center

URL: https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/utgsbs_dissertations/786

► The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of a strong, transverse magnetic field on the severity of radiation-induced lung damage in… (more)

▼ The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of a strong, transverse magnetic field on the severity of radiation-induced lung damage in mice. This data can be used to support the safe clinical implementation of MRI-guided radiation therapy systems. Monte Carlo simulations and EBT3 film measurements were used to determine an irradiator and magnetic field strength that would produce magnetic-field-induced dose perturbations in mice that were comparable to those seen in human simulations. We developed an irradiation scheme for C57L/J mice, which included irradiating mice to the whole thorax in a 3D-printed holder with parallel-opposed Co-60 beams. We developed non-invasive assays for evaluating the extent of radiation-induced lung injury, including a respiratory rate measurement technique and techniques for measuring lung damage on cone-beam CTs. We showed that these assays were correlated to survival, the ultimate predictor of radiation-induced lung injury. The mice were irradiated to 9.0, 10.0, 10.5, 11.0, 12.0, or 13.0 Gy between the poles of an electromagnet in a 1.5 T field (n=60) or 0 T field (n=60). Twenty control mice did not receive radiation. Survival, respiratory rate measurements, and free-breathing cone-beam CT measurements (lung density and healthy lung volume) were used to assess the severity of radiation-induced pneumonitis. Cox regression showed that dose was a much higher predictor of survival than magnetic field strength. The presence of a transverse 1.5 T field during irradiation had little to no effect on survival for each of the dose groups. The 1.5 T field did, however, have an effect on the severity of radiation-induced lung injury, as measured by respiratory rate, lung density, and lung volume. The results of these studies suggest that it is possible to reduce magnetic-field-induced dose perturbations by using parallel-opposed fields, and in this case the impact of a strong, transverse magnetic field on survival would be expected to be insignificant. However, our results also suggest that there could be some impact on the severity of radiation-induced lung damage, though that impact is likely small. Advisors/Committee Members: Laurence E. Court, David S. Followill, Adam D. Melancon.

Subjects/Keywords: MRIgRT; dose perturbations; mice; radiation-induced pneumonitis; MCNP6; magnetic-field-induced dose effects; MRI-guided radiation therapy; Biophysics; Medical Biophysics; Medicine and Health Sciences; Other Physics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Rubinstein, A. E. (2017). A PRECLINICAL STUDY OF RADIATION-INDUCED LUNG TOXICITY WHEN IRRADIATING IN A STRONG MAGNETIC FIELD. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas Medical Center. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/utgsbs_dissertations/786

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rubinstein, Ashley E. “A PRECLINICAL STUDY OF RADIATION-INDUCED LUNG TOXICITY WHEN IRRADIATING IN A STRONG MAGNETIC FIELD.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas Medical Center. Accessed March 07, 2021. https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/utgsbs_dissertations/786.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rubinstein, Ashley E. “A PRECLINICAL STUDY OF RADIATION-INDUCED LUNG TOXICITY WHEN IRRADIATING IN A STRONG MAGNETIC FIELD.” 2017. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Rubinstein AE. A PRECLINICAL STUDY OF RADIATION-INDUCED LUNG TOXICITY WHEN IRRADIATING IN A STRONG MAGNETIC FIELD. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas Medical Center; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/utgsbs_dissertations/786.

Council of Science Editors:

Rubinstein AE. A PRECLINICAL STUDY OF RADIATION-INDUCED LUNG TOXICITY WHEN IRRADIATING IN A STRONG MAGNETIC FIELD. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas Medical Center; 2017. Available from: https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/utgsbs_dissertations/786

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

5. Liu, Xiang. Radiation-induced microstructural and mechanical property modifications in advanced alloys.

Degree: PhD, Nuclear, Plasma, Radiolgc Engr, 2018, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101175

► As part of the solutions towards resolving the challenges in energy shortage and climate changes, advanced nuclear reactor systems are being developed as reliable and… (more)

▼ As part of the solutions towards resolving the challenges in energy shortage and climate changes, advanced nuclear reactor systems are being developed as reliable and sustainable clean energy sources with enhanced energy efficiency and safety features. These improved attributes necessitate advanced structural materials that can withstand harsh reactor environments such as high pressure, high temperature, corrosion, and most importantly, high dose fast neutron irradiation. Upon irradiation, the atoms in metals and alloys undergo successive displacements and point defects are created far exceeding the equilibrium concentrations. The material system is driven into thermodynamic nonequilibrium and the microstructure can be modified in many ways: dislocation loops are formed due to the aggregation of self-interstitial atoms (SIA), the accumulation of vacancies leads to the nucleation of voids, preferential coupling between alloying elements and the defect fluxes results in the elemental segregation at defect sinks, the stability of precipitates is strongly impacted by displacement cascades and radiation-enhanced diffusion, etc. A comprehensive understanding of the various microstructural modifications and their impacts on the material properties is therefore critical for the designing and screening of radiation-resistant structural materials. In this study, the radiation responses of several different advanced alloys, including Fe–20Cr–25Ni–Nb austenitic steel Alloy 709, Fe–9Cr ferritic/martensitic steel T91, and Fe–14Cr ferritic ODS steel MA957, were investigated using a combination of microstructure characterizations and nanoindentation measurements. Several different types of irradiation, including ex situ bulk ion irradiation, in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) ion irradiation, and neutron irradiation were employed in this study. Radiation-induced dislocations, precipitates, and voids were characterized by TEM. Scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (STEM-EDS) and/or atom probe tomography (APT) were used to study radiation-induced segregation and precipitation. Nanoindentation was used for hardness measurements to study irradiation hardening. Austenitic steel Alloy 709 was bulk-irradiated by 3.5 MeV Fe++ ions to up to 150 peak dpa at 400, 500, and 600C. Compared to neutron-irradiated stainless steel 316, the Frank loop density shows similar dose dependence at 400C, but very different temperature dependence. The radiation-induced segregation (RIS) of Ni and Si was observed in all irradiated conditions and was found at various sinks: line dislocations, dislocation loops, void surfaces, carbide-matrix interfaces, and MX particle-matrix interfaces. Radiation also induced the formation of Ni,Si-rich precipitates. Radiation-induced change in the orientation relationship of preexisting MX precipitates was observed. Intragranular Cr-rich carbides with a core-shell structure, i.e. Cr-rich carbide core and Ni,Si-rich shell was found at 500 and 600C in the highest dose… Advisors/Committee Members: Stubbins, James F (advisor), Stubbins, James F (Committee Chair), Bellon, Pascal (committee member), Heuser, Brent (committee member), Allain, Jean P (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Radiation effects; austenitic alloys; ferritic/martensitic alloys; ODS alloys; dislocation loops; radiation-induced segregation; void swelling; irradiation hardening; transmission electron microscopy; atom probe tomography; nanoindentation.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Liu, X. (2018). Radiation-induced microstructural and mechanical property modifications in advanced alloys. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101175

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Liu, Xiang. “Radiation-induced microstructural and mechanical property modifications in advanced alloys.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101175.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Liu, Xiang. “Radiation-induced microstructural and mechanical property modifications in advanced alloys.” 2018. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Liu X. Radiation-induced microstructural and mechanical property modifications in advanced alloys. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101175.

Council of Science Editors:

Liu X. Radiation-induced microstructural and mechanical property modifications in advanced alloys. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101175

University of Michigan

6. Shi, Tan. Ion Irradiation Effects on Two-Dimensional Layered Materials.

Degree: PhD, Nuclear Engineering & Radiological Sciences, 2019, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/155214

► Two-dimensional materials (2D materials) refer to atomically thin layered crystalline materials with strong intralayer bonding and weak interlayer van der Waals bonding. Since the discovery… (more)

▼ Two-dimensional materials (2D materials) refer to atomically thin layered crystalline materials with strong intralayer bonding and weak interlayer van der Waals bonding. Since the discovery of graphene, a single layer of graphite, in 2004, 2D materials have attracted great attention due to their attractive mechanical, chemical, and electronic properties. Among all 2D materials, semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), such as MoS2 and WSe2, have shown great promise for next-generation semiconductor devices. As the feature size in the state-of-the-art CMOS technology is approaching its fundamental limit, TMD-based transistors offer a prospect for transistor downsizing and exhibit favorable electronic properties including high on-and-off current ratio, low subthreshold slope, and high mobility. However, for these atomically thin materials, where the ultimate limit of their thickness is a monolayer, it is not fully understood how ion irradiation affects their properties. First, ion radiation can be used as an effective tool to provide controlled modifications to 2D materials so that defect engineering and material functionalization can be realized. Second, due to their reduced size and power consumption, 2D material-based electronics holds promise for space applications, where the intensity of cosmic rays is high. Therefore, understanding radiation effects on 2D materials is crucial for their use in radiation-harsh environments. In this dissertation, for different 2D materials (graphene, WSe2, and MoS2), the impact of ion irradiation on material structure, surface chemistry, and electronic properties was studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and ion irradiation experiments. First, a comprehensive study of graphene defects induced by proton irradiation was performed by MD simulations. The defect generation probabilities at different proton energies were determined by classical MD simulations and validated by ab-initio MD simulations. It is shown that with increasing proton energy, defect structures transition from single vacancies to a rich variety of defect configurations. The defect probabilities also show large dependence on the proton incident angle, which, combined with the proton energy, can be used to effectively tune the ratios of generation probabilities of different defect structures. Next, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to study the impact of ion irradiation on WSe2 chemical and electronic properties. With 2-MeV protons, no detectable oxidation was observed even at a high fluence level of 10¹⁷ protons/cm². Starting from a fluence of 10¹⁶ protons/cm², charge transfer between WSe2 and SiC substrate was observed due to a combination of radiation-induced defects and charge trapping in pre-existing defects. Lastly, the degradation of MoS2 field-effect transistor (FET) electrical performance induced by high-energy protons and helium ions was studied at different fluences. By irradiating individual FET components, the damage to MoS2 and SiO2 dielectric was decoupled. The… Advisors/Committee Members: Jovanovic, Igor (committee member), Marquis, Emmanuelle (committee member), Gao, Fei (committee member), He, Zhong (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: ion irradiation of 2D materials; MD simulation of ion-induced damage; radiation effects on MoS2 field-effect transistors; Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences; Engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Shi, T. (2019). Ion Irradiation Effects on Two-Dimensional Layered Materials. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/155214

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Shi, Tan. “Ion Irradiation Effects on Two-Dimensional Layered Materials.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/155214.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Shi, Tan. “Ion Irradiation Effects on Two-Dimensional Layered Materials.” 2019. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Shi T. Ion Irradiation Effects on Two-Dimensional Layered Materials. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/155214.

Council of Science Editors:

Shi T. Ion Irradiation Effects on Two-Dimensional Layered Materials. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/155214

McMaster University

7. Katalmohseni, Hedieh. Impact of Nicotine on Non-targeted Radiation Effects.

Degree: MSc, 2012, McMaster University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/11835

►

Ionizing radiation is without a doubt an invaluable tool in diagnostic imaging as well as radiation therapy. With the growing number of medical and… (more)

▼

Ionizing radiation is without a doubt an invaluable tool in diagnostic imaging as well as radiation therapy. With the growing number of medical and occupational exposures, together with challenges against the LNT model, low dose exposures and non-targeted effects have been subject to intensive research. Additionally, with the advances in the field of radiation therapy and longer life expectancy after the treatment, the risks associated with second malignancies following radiation therapy for various cancers has received a tremendous amount of attention. On the other hand, nicotine, as the addictive component of tobacco has been known for its adverse health effects and its relation to various types of cancers, accounting for one in 10 adult deaths worldwide. Both nicotine and low doses of radiation are amongst the stressors that widely affect the public. Surprisingly, the interactions between low-dose effects and nicotine exposure have not received the proper scientific attention. Our group has been involved in investigation of the non-targeted effects of radiation with a variety of endpoints. Different natural compounds and signalling molecules have also been studied in our lab for their possible role or contribution to bystander signalling. This research involves the study of the impact of nicotine on radiation-induced bystander effects and also radioadaptive responses. Different concentrations of nicotine were used to study the kinetics of the drug as well as any detrimental or modifying effects when used together with radiation. It was shown that nicotine has a protective effect on survival of the cells in certain concentrations that follows a biphasic model. Similar bimodal behaviour was observed with bystander effect. No adaptation to a challenge dose of radiation occurred as a result of incubation with varying concentrations of nicotine, nor was such an effect shown with a priming dose of radiation. The results of the present study suggest that nicotine has a complicated effect on the cells which can vary significantly depending on the concentrations used and also the duration of exposure. nAChRs may have an important role in the response of the bystander cells when nicotine is involved as the results showed a shift in the response of the receptors to nicotine. This thesis is aimed to shed light on the impact of nicotine and initiate more detailed investigations on pathways through which these effects are mediated.

Master of Science (MSc)

Advisors/Committee Members: Mothersill, Carmel. E., Seymour, Colin, Boreham, Douglas, Medical Physics.

Subjects/Keywords: Non-targeted Radiation Effects; Radaition-induced Bystander Effect; Nicotine; Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors; Adaptive Response; Environmental Health; Medical Cell Biology; Nuclear; Environmental Health

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APA (6^th Edition):

Katalmohseni, H. (2012). Impact of Nicotine on Non-targeted Radiation Effects. (Masters Thesis). McMaster University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11375/11835

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Katalmohseni, Hedieh. “Impact of Nicotine on Non-targeted Radiation Effects.” 2012. Masters Thesis, McMaster University. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11375/11835.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Katalmohseni, Hedieh. “Impact of Nicotine on Non-targeted Radiation Effects.” 2012. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Katalmohseni H. Impact of Nicotine on Non-targeted Radiation Effects. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. McMaster University; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/11835.

Council of Science Editors:

Katalmohseni H. Impact of Nicotine on Non-targeted Radiation Effects. [Masters Thesis]. McMaster University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/11835

8. Nsengiyumva, Patrick. INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF SINGLE-EVENT UPSETS IN STATIC AND DYNAMIC REGISTERS.

Degree: MS, 2014, University of New Hampshire

URL: https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis/984

► Radiation-induced single-event upsets (SEUs) pose a serious threat to the reliability of registers. The existing SEU analyses for static CMOS registers focus on the circuit-level… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Critical Charge; Fault-Tolerance; Integrated Circuit Reliability; Radiation-Induced Effects; Selective Node Hardening (SNH); Single-Event Upset (SEU); Nuclear engineering; Computer engineering; Electrical engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Nsengiyumva, P. (2014). INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF SINGLE-EVENT UPSETS IN STATIC AND DYNAMIC REGISTERS. (Thesis). University of New Hampshire. Retrieved from https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis/984

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nsengiyumva, Patrick. “INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF SINGLE-EVENT UPSETS IN STATIC AND DYNAMIC REGISTERS.” 2014. Thesis, University of New Hampshire. Accessed March 07, 2021. https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis/984.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nsengiyumva, Patrick. “INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF SINGLE-EVENT UPSETS IN STATIC AND DYNAMIC REGISTERS.” 2014. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Nsengiyumva P. INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF SINGLE-EVENT UPSETS IN STATIC AND DYNAMIC REGISTERS. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of New Hampshire; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis/984.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Nsengiyumva P. INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF SINGLE-EVENT UPSETS IN STATIC AND DYNAMIC REGISTERS. [Thesis]. University of New Hampshire; 2014. Available from: https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis/984

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

9. Hanna, Rachelle. Transport de charges et mécanismes de relaxation dans les matériaux diélectriques à usage spatial : Charge transport and relaxation mechanisms in space dielectric materials.

Degree: Docteur es, Génie électrique, 2012, Toulouse, ISAE

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2012ESAE0026

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Comprendre et modéliser le comportement des matériaux sous irradiation électronique est un enjeu important pour l’industrie spatiale. La fiabilité des satellites nécessite de maîtriser et… (more)

▼

Comprendre et modéliser le comportement des matériaux sous irradiation électronique est un enjeu important pour l’industrie spatiale. La fiabilité des satellites nécessite de maîtriser et prédire les potentiels de surface s'établissant sur les diélectriques. Ce travail de doctorat a donc pour objectif de caractériser et de modéliser les différents mécanismes physiques (en surface et en volume) gouvernant le potentiel de charges dans les matériaux polymères spatiaux tels que le Téflon® FEP et le Kapton® HN. La mise au point d'un nouveau dispositif et d'un protocole expérimental a permis de corroborer l'existence d’une conductivité latérale des charges, souvent négligée dans les modèles physiques et numériques. Les études paramétriques, révélant l’influence de l’énergie et le flux des électrons incidents, ont permis de brosser un portrait des processus mis en jeu pour le transport (par saut ou par piégeage/dépiégeage) de charges en surface. A la lumière de cette étude, une conductivité équivalente est extraite, assimilant le matériau à un système prenant en compte les mécanismes de transport volumique et surfacique. L'analyse des évolutions non-monotones de potentiel mesurées sur les polymères spatiaux en condition spatiale a permis de révéler une dépendance de la conductivité volumique induite sous irradiation avec la dose reçue. L'étude paramétrique réalisée sur les mécanismes de transport en volume révèle une influence minoritaire du déplacement du barycentre de charges et du vieillissement physicochimique. Un modèle «0D» à un seul niveau de pièges, prenant en compte les mécanismes de piégeage/dépiégeage et recombinaison entre les porteurs de charges, a été développé. Ce modèle simplifié permet de reproduire qualitativement les évolutions de potentiel expérimentales en fonction du débit de dose et lors d'irradiations successives.

Charging behaviours of space dielectric materials, under electron beam irradiation, is of special interest for future spacecraft needs, since this mechanism could induce electrostatic discharges and consequently damages on the sensitive systems on board. In order to assess the risks of charging and discharging, this work aims at understanding the overall charge transport mechanisms and predicting the electrical behaviour of the insulator materials, especially Teflon® FEP and Kapton® HN. For an optimized prediction, the first part of our work is thus to check whether lateral conduction process can take place in the overall charge transport mechanism. Through the definition of a new experimental set-up and protocol, we have been able to discriminate between lateral and bulk conductivity and to reveal the presence of lateral conductivity that is enhanced by radiation ionization processes. We have been able to demonstrate as well that lateral intrinsic conductivity is enhanced with the increase current density and when approaching the sample surface. The second part of our work deals with the characterization of the electrical charging behaviour of Teflon® FEP under multi-energetic electron…

Advisors/Committee Members: Paulmier, Thierry (thesis director), Molinié, Philippe (thesis director).

Subjects/Keywords: Matériaux diélectriques spatiaux; Irradiation électronique; Transport de charges; Conductivité surfacique et volumique; Conductivité induite sous irradiation; Effet de dose radiative; Space dielectric materials; Electron beam irradiation; Charge transport; Lateral and bulk conductivity; Radiation induced conductivity RIC; Radiation dose effects; 621

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Hanna, R. (2012). Transport de charges et mécanismes de relaxation dans les matériaux diélectriques à usage spatial : Charge transport and relaxation mechanisms in space dielectric materials. (Doctoral Dissertation). Toulouse, ISAE. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2012ESAE0026

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hanna, Rachelle. “Transport de charges et mécanismes de relaxation dans les matériaux diélectriques à usage spatial : Charge transport and relaxation mechanisms in space dielectric materials.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Toulouse, ISAE. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2012ESAE0026.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hanna, Rachelle. “Transport de charges et mécanismes de relaxation dans les matériaux diélectriques à usage spatial : Charge transport and relaxation mechanisms in space dielectric materials.” 2012. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Hanna R. Transport de charges et mécanismes de relaxation dans les matériaux diélectriques à usage spatial : Charge transport and relaxation mechanisms in space dielectric materials. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Toulouse, ISAE; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2012ESAE0026.

Council of Science Editors:

Hanna R. Transport de charges et mécanismes de relaxation dans les matériaux diélectriques à usage spatial : Charge transport and relaxation mechanisms in space dielectric materials. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Toulouse, ISAE; 2012. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2012ESAE0026

10. Di Francesca, Diego. Roles of dopants, interstitial O2 and temperature in the effects of irradiation on silica-based optical fibers : Rôle des dopants, O2 interstitiel et de la température dans les effets de l'irradiation sur les fibres optiques à base de silice.

Degree: Docteur es, Optique Photonique Hyperfréquences, 2015, Saint-Etienne; Università degli studi di Palermo (Palerme, Italie)

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2015STET4002

► Dans ce travail de thèse, nous avons étudié l'effet des rayonnements ionisants (rayons X et γ) jusqu'à une dose maximale de 1 Grad sur différents… (more)

▼ Dans ce travail de thèse, nous avons étudié l'effet des rayonnements ionisants (rayons X et γ) jusqu'à une dose maximale de 1 Grad sur différents types de fibres multimodes (dopées -P, -P-Ce, -Ge, -Ge-F, -Ge-Ce et -N). Les caractérisations ont été réalisées principalement avec trois techniques expérimentales : online Atténuation Induite par Radiation en temps réel (RIA), Résonance Paramagnétique Electronique (EPR), Micro-Luminescence (ML). Dans la première partie du travail de cette thèse, nous avons étudié la réponse aux radiations de différents types de fibres optiques. L'absorption liée aux défauts du phosphore induits par irradiation a été étudiée par des mesures RIA dans le domaine spectral UV-Visible. Les mesures EPR nous permis de détecter les défauts POHC, P1 et P2. En particulier, pour la détection de P1 et P2, nous avons utilisé le mode de détection de la seconde harmonique pour déterminer la cinétique de croissance des P1 et P2 en fonction de la dose. Nous avons également étudié les effets dus au changement des conditions de fibrage et ceux liés à la variation de la température d'irradiation (25-280 ° C). Nous avons aussi étudié l’effet du codopage du coeur de la fibre avec du Cérium. Dans ce cas, nous avons observé une production moins importante de centres POHC et P2 sous irradiation. De plus, les mesures EPR ont montré que la génération des défauts P1 n’est pas sensiblement influencée par le codopage avec le Cérium. En ce qui concerne les fibres optiques dopées Ge, on a étudié trois types de dopage : Ge seul, co-dopage Ge-F et Ge-Ce. Pour chaque type, nous avons examiné trois conditions de fibrage. La réponse à l’irradiation de ces fibres a été étudiée par les trois techniques utilisées. Plus particulièrement la ML, nous a permis d'obtenir une vision plus complète du rôle du codopant et des précurseurs dans la formation des défauts induits par l'irradiation. Nous avons également étudié la réponse au rayonnement de la fibre dopée N avec trois différentes conditions de fibrage. Les réponses à l’irradiation dans les régions spectrales UV-visible ont été obtenues par des mesures RIA. Par EPR, nous avons pu détecter deux défauts liés à l'azote pour les doses élevées de radiation. Enfin, les mesures ML sur les fibres irradiées ont montré trois bandes d'émission dans le visible qui ont été attribuées clairement à des centres émetteurs liés à l'azote. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous avons étudié les effets liés au chargement en oxygène des fibres étudiées. Par des mesures en microspectroscopie Raman, nous démontrons qu'un traitement à haute température et haute pression peut favoriser l’introduction d’une grande quantité de O2 dans les fibres optiques à cœur de silice pure (PSC) ou dopées F, Ge ou P. Les réponses à l’irradiation de certaines des fibres optiques chargées en O2 ont été étudiés (et en particulier PSC et celle dopée F. Sur la base des données de la littérature, nous avons effectué les décompositions des spectres RIA en fonction de la dose. De plus, l'étude EPR des fibres optiques dopées P… Advisors/Committee Members: Boukenter, Aziz (thesis director), Agnello, Simonpietro (thesis director).

Subjects/Keywords: Fibres optiques; Irradiation; Dopants; Oxygène moléculaire; Effets de la température; Atténuation induite par rayonnement; Rayonnement dur; Radioluminescence; Optical fiber; Irradiation; Dopants; Molecular Oxygen; Temperature effects; Radiation induced attenuation; Radiation hard; Radioluminescence

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Di Francesca, D. (2015). Roles of dopants, interstitial O2 and temperature in the effects of irradiation on silica-based optical fibers : Rôle des dopants, O2 interstitiel et de la température dans les effets de l'irradiation sur les fibres optiques à base de silice. (Doctoral Dissertation). Saint-Etienne; Università degli studi di Palermo (Palerme, Italie). Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2015STET4002

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Di Francesca, Diego. “Roles of dopants, interstitial O2 and temperature in the effects of irradiation on silica-based optical fibers : Rôle des dopants, O2 interstitiel et de la température dans les effets de l'irradiation sur les fibres optiques à base de silice.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Saint-Etienne; Università degli studi di Palermo (Palerme, Italie). Accessed March 07, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2015STET4002.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Di Francesca, Diego. “Roles of dopants, interstitial O2 and temperature in the effects of irradiation on silica-based optical fibers : Rôle des dopants, O2 interstitiel et de la température dans les effets de l'irradiation sur les fibres optiques à base de silice.” 2015. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Di Francesca D. Roles of dopants, interstitial O2 and temperature in the effects of irradiation on silica-based optical fibers : Rôle des dopants, O2 interstitiel et de la température dans les effets de l'irradiation sur les fibres optiques à base de silice. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Saint-Etienne; Università degli studi di Palermo (Palerme, Italie); 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2015STET4002.

Council of Science Editors:

Di Francesca D. Roles of dopants, interstitial O2 and temperature in the effects of irradiation on silica-based optical fibers : Rôle des dopants, O2 interstitiel et de la température dans les effets de l'irradiation sur les fibres optiques à base de silice. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Saint-Etienne; Università degli studi di Palermo (Palerme, Italie); 2015. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2015STET4002

11. Penisten, Janelle J. The Mechanism of Radiation-Induced Segregation in Ferritic-Martensitic Steels.

Degree: PhD, Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, 2012, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/96138

► The objective of this thesis is to determine the mechanism of radiation-induced segregation (RIS) in ferritic-martensitic (F-M) alloys. Toward this goal, experimental results were compared… (more)

▼ The objective of this thesis is to determine the mechanism of radiation-induced segregation (RIS) in ferritic-martensitic (F-M) alloys. Toward this goal, experimental results were compared to calculations from models of two potential RIS mechanisms: the inverse Kirkendall (IK) mechanism and the solute drag mechanism. Experiment-model comparisons were performed with respect to the dependence of RIS on the experimental parameters of temperature, nominal Cr concentration, and dose. Irradiation experiments were carried out with 2.0 MeV protons over a variety of experimental conditions. The temperature dependence of RIS was measured in alloy T91 at a dose of 3 dpa over a range of irradiation temperatures from 300°C to 700°C. The concentration dependence of RIS was measured in commercial alloys T91 (~9Cr), HCM12A (~11Cr), and HT9 (~12Cr), as well as in a high-purity Fe-9Cr model alloy, at a dose of 3 dpa at 400°C. Lastly, the dose dependence of RIS was measured in both T91 and the Fe-9Cr model alloy at 400°C to doses ranging from 1 dpa to 10 dpa. In all specimens, RIS at grain boundaries was measured using scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (STEM/EDX). Chromium enrichment at grain boundaries was observed in all but one condition, that being T91 irradiated to 3 dpa at 700°C. The tendency for Cr to enrich can be explained by differences in solute-defect diffusion rates, or the IK mechanism. The observed crossover between Cr enrichment at 600°C to Cr depletion at 700°C in T91 irradiated to 3 dpa, can also be explained by the IK mechanism and the competition between Cr enrichment via the interstitial flux and Cr depletion via the vacancy flux. The solute drag mechanism, on the other hand, fails to predict the crossover behavior. The dependence of Cr RIS on nominal Cr concentration demonstrates further consistency between experimental measurements and the IK mechanism, as well as further inconsistency between experiments and the solute drag mechanism. Limited understanding remains regarding the dose evolution of Cr RIS, which is likely influenced by microstructural evolution and minor/impurity element RIS. Advisors/Committee Members: Was, Gary S. (committee member), Marquis, Emmanuelle (committee member), Sun, Kai (committee member), Wang, Lumin (committee member), Atzmon, Michael (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Radiation-induced Segregation; Ferritic-martensitic; Irradiation Effects on Materials; Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences; Engineering

…162! 5.2! Radiation-Induced Segregation Results… …177! Table 5.3. Actual irradiation temperature and irradiation-induced hardening for each…

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Penisten, J. J. (2012). The Mechanism of Radiation-Induced Segregation in Ferritic-Martensitic Steels. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/96138

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Penisten, Janelle J. “The Mechanism of Radiation-Induced Segregation in Ferritic-Martensitic Steels.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/96138.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Penisten, Janelle J. “The Mechanism of Radiation-Induced Segregation in Ferritic-Martensitic Steels.” 2012. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Penisten JJ. The Mechanism of Radiation-Induced Segregation in Ferritic-Martensitic Steels. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/96138.

Council of Science Editors:

Penisten JJ. The Mechanism of Radiation-Induced Segregation in Ferritic-Martensitic Steels. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/96138

ETH Zürich

12. Sigg, Martina Noëlle. Stochastic and non-stocastic i.e. non-stochastic effects of beta-hot particles in tissue.

Degree: 1997, ETH Zürich

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/143597

Subjects/Keywords: PHYSIOLOGISCHE WIRKUNGEN VON RADIOAKTIVEN STOFFEN; BETAZERFALL (KERNPHYSIK); STRAHLENSCHÄDEN (BIOLOGIE); STRAHLENINDUZIERTE KARZINOGENESE (PATHOLOGIE); ZELLTRANSFORMATION (CYTOPATHOLOGIE); PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES; BETA DECAY (NUCLEAR PHYSICS); RADIATION DAMAGES (BIOLOGY); RADIATION INDUCED CARCINOGENESIS (PATHOLOGY); CELLULAR TRANSFORMATION (CYTOPATHOLOGY); info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/610; Medical sciences, medicine

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Sigg, M. N. (1997). Stochastic and non-stocastic i.e. non-stochastic effects of beta-hot particles in tissue. (Doctoral Dissertation). ETH Zürich. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/143597

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sigg, Martina Noëlle. “Stochastic and non-stocastic i.e. non-stochastic effects of beta-hot particles in tissue.” 1997. Doctoral Dissertation, ETH Zürich. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/143597.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sigg, Martina Noëlle. “Stochastic and non-stocastic i.e. non-stochastic effects of beta-hot particles in tissue.” 1997. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Sigg MN. Stochastic and non-stocastic i.e. non-stochastic effects of beta-hot particles in tissue. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. ETH Zürich; 1997. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/143597.

Council of Science Editors:

Sigg MN. Stochastic and non-stocastic i.e. non-stochastic effects of beta-hot particles in tissue. [Doctoral Dissertation]. ETH Zürich; 1997. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/143597

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