subject:(Quantum Optics)

University of Auckland

1. Noh, Changsuk. Broadband teleportation and entanglement in cascaded open quantum systems.

Degree: 2009, University of Auckland

► Quantum optics provides powerful means to probe quantum mechanics. In this thesis, we study various aspects of quantum phenomena arising in quantum optical systems. Part… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Quantum optics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Noh, C. (2009). Broadband teleportation and entanglement in cascaded open quantum systems. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Auckland. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2292/5316

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Noh, Changsuk. “Broadband teleportation and entanglement in cascaded open quantum systems.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Auckland. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/5316.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Noh, Changsuk. “Broadband teleportation and entanglement in cascaded open quantum systems.” 2009. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Noh C. Broadband teleportation and entanglement in cascaded open quantum systems. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Auckland; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2292/5316.

Council of Science Editors:

Noh C. Broadband teleportation and entanglement in cascaded open quantum systems. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Auckland; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2292/5316

University of Oxford

2. Menssen, Adrian. Multi-photon interference phenomena.

Degree: PhD, 2019, University of Oxford

URL: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e1be94aa-cc8a-4a4a-8d28-65debaf642e6 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.799987

► In this work I demonstrate the interference of three photons, a generalisation of the famous Hong Ou Mandel (HOM) interference. I show that three photon… (more)

▼ In this work I demonstrate the interference of three photons, a generalisation of the famous Hong Ou Mandel (HOM) interference. I show that three photon interference is governed by four parameters and measure three photon interference independent of two-photon interference. Surprisingly, even when the states of the photons are highly distinguishable they can still exhibit strong quantum interference, challenging our intuition formed by the double slit and HOM interference. This will be followed by a demonstration of four photon interference, where surprisingly we can still observe a fringe, when involved particles are pairwise orthogonal. To explain these effects, I will be presenting a new framework to describe multi-photon interference in terms of a graph-theoretical approach, which illustrates the origin of different orders of multi-photon interference. My work leads to a more general definition of what we regard as an interference fringe in multi-photon scattering. This study of multi-photon interference is followed by an interdisciplinary work between photonics and solid state physics in the newly developing field of topological photonics. Interference phenomena are inextricably tied to exchange symmetries of the particle. I realise a simulation of the Jackiw-Rossi model, as a localised topological mode in a photonic-crystal analogue of the 2D graphene lattice. These modes have previously been shown to obey non-abelian exchange statistics. I succeed in the experimental demonstration of a single such excitation and am able to study the detailed mode structure for the first time. The mode is a result of a topological defect and is as such protected against errors that do not change the topology of the system. Furthermore, I demonstrate adiabatic transport of the mode across the crystal lattice and show first attempts towards a demonstration of their non-abelian braiding statistics. To realise these experiments, I developed a new method based on a spatial light modulator to excite large modes in photonic crystals.

Subjects/Keywords: Quantum optics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Menssen, A. (2019). Multi-photon interference phenomena. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oxford. Retrieved from http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e1be94aa-cc8a-4a4a-8d28-65debaf642e6 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.799987

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Menssen, Adrian. “Multi-photon interference phenomena.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oxford. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e1be94aa-cc8a-4a4a-8d28-65debaf642e6 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.799987.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Menssen, Adrian. “Multi-photon interference phenomena.” 2019. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Menssen A. Multi-photon interference phenomena. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e1be94aa-cc8a-4a4a-8d28-65debaf642e6 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.799987.

Council of Science Editors:

Menssen A. Multi-photon interference phenomena. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2019. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e1be94aa-cc8a-4a4a-8d28-65debaf642e6 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.799987

University of Oxford

3. Clements, William. Linear quantum optics : components and applications.

Degree: PhD, 2018, University of Oxford

URL: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9f3db5b5-8d6d-43ea-b1b3-db444eb48da4 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.770469

► Quantum optics has successfully been used to test fundamental principles in quantum physics and to demonstrate the potential of quantum-enhanced technologies. Linear quantum optics, in… (more)

▼ Quantum optics has successfully been used to test fundamental principles in quantum physics and to demonstrate the potential of quantum-enhanced technologies. Linear quantum optics, in which large quantum states of light are produced by optical interference of smaller quantum states, has proved to be particularly fruitful. Further progress will rely both on developing improved experimental tools to manipulate and measure quantum light, and on expanding and refining the range of applications of these technologies. This thesis presents our contributions towards both of these endeavours. We first focus on some of the components necessary for linear quantum optics, starting with the requirement for reconfigurable interference between several optical modes. We propose a novel design for interferometers that satisfy this requirement, which is based on a new mathematical decomposition of unitary matrices used to describe optical interference. We show that our design is more efficient than previously known designs. We also experimentally demonstrate a modular approach to building these devices, which is based on the assembly of multiple UV-written integrated photonic chips. These chips are characterised, and three of them are assembled into a structure shown to enable a wide range of optical transformations. We then study methods of photon detection, showing how photon detectors can be calibrated and discussing the operation of superconducting photon number resolving transition edge sensors. Next, we study two applications of linear optics. We examine the applicability of a proposal for simulating molecular spectroscopy using quantum optics in the presence of experimental imperfections. Our findings are illustrated with a proof of principle experiment in which we simulate part of the vibronic spectrum of the tropolone molecule. Finally, we study a class of optical devices, known as optical Ising machines, that has been shown to find solutions to difficult combinatorial problems. Describing the optical pulses in these devices in phase space as Gaussian quasi-probability distributions that evolve stochastically, we analyse the computational mechanism of these machines and show in theory that they can be simplified without affecting their performance.

Subjects/Keywords: Quantum optics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Clements, W. (2018). Linear quantum optics : components and applications. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oxford. Retrieved from http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9f3db5b5-8d6d-43ea-b1b3-db444eb48da4 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.770469

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Clements, William. “Linear quantum optics : components and applications.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oxford. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9f3db5b5-8d6d-43ea-b1b3-db444eb48da4 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.770469.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Clements, William. “Linear quantum optics : components and applications.” 2018. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Clements W. Linear quantum optics : components and applications. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9f3db5b5-8d6d-43ea-b1b3-db444eb48da4 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.770469.

Council of Science Editors:

Clements W. Linear quantum optics : components and applications. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2018. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9f3db5b5-8d6d-43ea-b1b3-db444eb48da4 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.770469

University of Melbourne

4. Tam, Alwin Ming Wai. Quantum field modelling in optical communication systems.

Degree: 2011, University of Melbourne

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/36696

► Quantum field theory predicts photons are created from the phase modulator when the optical field experiences a refractive index change, and hence energy are excited… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: quantum optics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tam, A. M. W. (2011). Quantum field modelling in optical communication systems. (Masters Thesis). University of Melbourne. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11343/36696

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tam, Alwin Ming Wai. “Quantum field modelling in optical communication systems.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Melbourne. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11343/36696.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tam, Alwin Ming Wai. “Quantum field modelling in optical communication systems.” 2011. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Tam AMW. Quantum field modelling in optical communication systems. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Melbourne; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/36696.

Council of Science Editors:

Tam AMW. Quantum field modelling in optical communication systems. [Masters Thesis]. University of Melbourne; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/36696

Georgia Tech

5. Chang, Chien-Yuan. Study and application of time-delayed feedback for semiconductor photon source.

Degree: PhD, Physics, 2017, Georgia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/60714

► Time-delayed feedback introduces various dynamical behaviors when coupled with a solid-state photonic structure. The study of these behaviors is a crucial step towards development of… (more)

▼ Time-delayed feedback introduces various dynamical behaviors when coupled with a solid-state photonic structure. The study of these behaviors is a crucial step towards development of novel applications involving measurement and manipulation of various type of solid-state photonic systems. The purpose of this work is to investigate time-delayed feedback in two different types of solid-state structures, the semiconductor lasers diode and single photon emitter. We report our results on two projects: first, we investigate the effect of time-delayed feedback with a semiconductor laser since such a system represents an excellent test bed for the study of nonlinear delay-coupled systems. Here, the feedback is achieved by reflecting the laser's output back into the laser using an external mirror. Under these circumstances, the dynamical behaviors can be described with the Lang-Kobayashi model (LK model) consisting of equations of motion for the optical field, the optical phase, and the carrier density in the active region of the laser. We performed an experiment simultaneously extracting all three dynamical variables in order to obtain a tomographic picture of the dynamics. Secondly, we proposed to explore the time-delayed feedback of a single photon emitter. The effect of time-delayed feedback on a single photon emitter in few-photon limit is considered. Specifically, we focus on the theoretical study of quantum coherent feedback of a single photon emitter that consisted of single quantum dot embedded in a micropillar cavity. Recent theoretical works by us and others have shown highly nontrivial quantum dynamics induced by the external cavity. In this work, we perform a stability analysis of a quantum system in the one-excitation subspace. We also extend the study to the two-excitation subspace to consider the linearity in the excitation number. The aim is to understand the stabilization effect in a coherent quantum feedback system and the dynamical regimes accessible in suitably designed structures. Advisors/Committee Members: Citrin, David S. (advisor), Brown, Kenneth R. (advisor), Wiesenfeld, Kurt (committee member), Davidovic, Dragomir (committee member), Chembo, Yanne K. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Nonlinear optics; Quantum optics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chang, C. (2017). Study and application of time-delayed feedback for semiconductor photon source. (Doctoral Dissertation). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/60714

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chang, Chien-Yuan. “Study and application of time-delayed feedback for semiconductor photon source.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia Tech. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/60714.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chang, Chien-Yuan. “Study and application of time-delayed feedback for semiconductor photon source.” 2017. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Chang C. Study and application of time-delayed feedback for semiconductor photon source. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/60714.

Council of Science Editors:

Chang C. Study and application of time-delayed feedback for semiconductor photon source. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/60714

University of Rochester

6. Kinnischtzke, Laura A. Quantum dot photonics.

Degree: PhD, 2017, University of Rochester

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1802/33150

► We report on several experiments using single excitons conned to single semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). Electric and magnetic elds have previously been used as experimental… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Quantum dots; Quantum optics; Photonics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kinnischtzke, L. A. (2017). Quantum dot photonics. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Rochester. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1802/33150

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kinnischtzke, Laura A. “Quantum dot photonics.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Rochester. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1802/33150.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kinnischtzke, Laura A. “Quantum dot photonics.” 2017. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kinnischtzke LA. Quantum dot photonics. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Rochester; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1802/33150.

Council of Science Editors:

Kinnischtzke LA. Quantum dot photonics. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Rochester; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1802/33150

Texas A&M University

7. Asiri, Saeed Mater M. Quantum State Reconstruction in Quantum Optomechanics.

Degree: PhD, Physics, 2018, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174171

► The ability to perform mechanical states reconstruction is an essential task in quantum optomechanics to understand different quantum aspects of mechanical states of motion. Many… (more)

▼ The ability to perform mechanical states reconstruction is an essential task in quantum optomechanics to understand different quantum aspects of mechanical states of motion. Many interesting phenomena appear when the light and mechanical motion are coupled through the radiationpressure coupling. Preparing, controlling, and measuring mechanical states are all very crucial in the study and development of quantum optomechanics. In this dissertation, we introduce a practical scheme for mechanical states reconstruction in the weak optomechancial coupling regime in which most optomechanical systems operates. The scheme relies on sending a beam of two-level atoms to pass through an optomechanical cavity where an oscillating mirror is coupled to a cavity field. The atoms interact resonantly with the cavity field as they pass through the cavity. As the oscillating mirror modifies the dynamics of the atoms, we show in this dissertation that by measuring the atomic population inversion of the atoms when they exit the optomechanical cavity, it is possible to obtain the mirror’s state by analyzing the measured data of the population inversion. In the first part of this dissertation, we study a hybrid system in which a two-level atom is placed inside a cavity field where one side of the cavity is free to move. The two-level atom is coupled to the cavity field through the well known Jaynes-Cummings coupling, whereas the mechanical mirror and the cavity field are coupled to each other via the radiation-pressure coupling. A complete analytical and numerical study is performed on this system, and it is shown that the mechanical mirror modifies the atomic population inversion in such a way that each mechanical state changes the signal of the population inversion of the atom differently. From the results in this part of the dissertation, we concluded that the population inversion can be analyzed and employed to extract the quantum state of the mechanical mirror. Second, as each specific mechanical state affects the atomic population inversion differently, we developed the idea of using the atom as a tool to reconstruct the quantum state of the mechanical mirror. We first assumed that the two-level atom is initially in a superposition of its excited and ground states while both the cavity field and the mechanical mirror are in general superposiii tion of Fock states with unknown coefficients. The derived general expression of the population inversion indicates that it is sufficient to initially prepare the atoms in the excited states before passing through the optomechancial cavity and the cavity field is in vacuum state. The population inversion of the atoms exiting the cavity can then be measured, and the collected data can be used to determine the full state of the mechanical mirror. The scheme in this part of the dissertation is only developed for measuring pure mechanical states. Third, we extended the scheme of mechanical states reconstruction to the more practical states of the mirror in which the mirror is initially in a mixed… Advisors/Committee Members: Zubairy, M. Suhail (advisor), Hemmer, Philip (committee member), Kocharovskaya, Olga (committee member), Zheltikov, Aleksei (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Quantum optics; Quantum optomechanics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Asiri, S. M. M. (2018). Quantum State Reconstruction in Quantum Optomechanics. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174171

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Asiri, Saeed Mater M. “Quantum State Reconstruction in Quantum Optomechanics.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174171.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Asiri, Saeed Mater M. “Quantum State Reconstruction in Quantum Optomechanics.” 2018. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Asiri SMM. Quantum State Reconstruction in Quantum Optomechanics. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174171.

Council of Science Editors:

Asiri SMM. Quantum State Reconstruction in Quantum Optomechanics. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174171

8. Matthiesen, Clemens. Coherent photons from a solid-state artificial atom.

Degree: PhD, 2013, University of Cambridge

URL: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/245821https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/245821/3/license_rdf ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/245821/4/thesis.pdf.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/245821/5/thesis.pdf.jpg

► Single spins confined in semiconductor quantum dots - artificial atoms in the solid-state - are attractive candidates for quantum mechanical bits, the fundamental units and… (more)

▼ Single spins confined in semiconductor quantum dots - artificial atoms in the solid-state - are attractive candidates for quantum mechanical bits, the fundamental units and building blocks of a quantum computer. The ability to address quantum dot spins optically allows us to initialise and manipulate the state of the quantum bit. Gaining information on the qubit, for example by reading out its state, not only requires state-selective optical excitation, but also access to the single photons scattered in response by the quantum dot. Further, for a distributed computer architecture where nodes of few quantum bits are interlinked via optical communication channels photonic quantum bits are required to faithfully transmit the quantum information. In this thesis we advocate resonant excitation of quantum dot transitions and collection of the resonance fluorescence to address two outstanding challenges: generating dephasing-free single photons for use as flying quantum bits and single-shot spin readout. To this end we investigate the spectral and first-order coherence properties of quantum dot resonance fluorescence. In particular, we directly observe highly coherent scattering in the low Rabi frequency limit which has remained unexplored for solid-state single photon emitters so far. At the same time, interactions with the semiconductor environment are revealed and quantified through their optical signatures: exciton-phonon coupling, nuclear spin dynamics and local electric field fluctuations signal a departure from the ideal atom-like behaviour. Taking advantage of the laser-like coherence of single phase-locked quantum dot photons in the Heitler regime, we demonstrate near-ideal two-photon quantum interference. This benchmark measurement is a precursor for the photonic entanglement of distant quantum dot spins in a quantum optical network, and the results here predict a high fidelity operation. Finally, moving to tunnel-coupled quantum dot molecules we show that the overlap of carrier wave functions in two closely spaced quantum dots forms new spin-selective optical transitions not available in single quantum dots. Then, the presence or absence of scattered photons reveals the electron spin. Intermittency in the quantum dot resonance fluorescence allowed us, for the first time, to observe spin quantum jumps in real-time. Both achievements - highly coherent photons and spin readout - provide the missing link to attempt creation of a small-scale quantum network now.

Subjects/Keywords: Quantum optics; Quantum dots

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APA (6^th Edition):

Matthiesen, C. (2013). Coherent photons from a solid-state artificial atom. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Cambridge. Retrieved from https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/245821https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/245821/3/license_rdf ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/245821/4/thesis.pdf.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/245821/5/thesis.pdf.jpg

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Matthiesen, Clemens. “Coherent photons from a solid-state artificial atom.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Cambridge. Accessed January 24, 2021. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/245821https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/245821/3/license_rdf ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/245821/4/thesis.pdf.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/245821/5/thesis.pdf.jpg.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Matthiesen, Clemens. “Coherent photons from a solid-state artificial atom.” 2013. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Matthiesen C. Coherent photons from a solid-state artificial atom. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/245821https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/245821/3/license_rdf ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/245821/4/thesis.pdf.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/245821/5/thesis.pdf.jpg.

Council of Science Editors:

Matthiesen C. Coherent photons from a solid-state artificial atom. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2013. Available from: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/245821https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/245821/3/license_rdf ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/245821/4/thesis.pdf.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/245821/5/thesis.pdf.jpg

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

9. Graham, Trent Michael. Using hyperentanglement for advanced quantum communication.

Degree: PhD, Physics, 2016, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/90539

► The field of quantum information science promises incredible enhancements in computing, metrology, simulation, and communication, but the challenge of creating, manipulating, and measuring the large… (more)

▼ The field of quantum information science promises incredible enhancements in computing, metrology, simulation, and communication, but the challenge of creating, manipulating, and measuring the large quantum states has limited current implementations of such techniques. Such limitations affect photonic quantum information in particular, because photons lack the strong nonlinear interactions required for building up many-particle entangled states and performing multi-photon gates; nevertheless, because photons are currently the only "flying qubit", i.e., qubits that are mobile, they are a required resource for quantum communication protocols. One strategy to partially mitigate this limitation is to encode multiple entangled qubits on the different degrees of freedom of a single pair of photons. Such "hyperentangled" quantum states may be created with enough qubits to enable a whole new class of quantum information experiments. Furthermore, while nonlinear interactions are required to implement multi-qubit gates between qubits encoded on different particles, such gates can be implemented between qubits encoded on the same particle using only linear elements, enabling a much broader class of measurements. We use hyperentangled states to implement various quantum communication and quantum metrology protocols. Specifically, we demonstrate that hyperentangled photons can be used to increase the classical channel capacity of a quantum channel, transport quantum information between two remote parties efficiently and deterministically, and efficiently characterize quantum channels. We will discuss how to produce, manipulate, and measure hyperentangled states and discuss how entanglement in multiple degrees of freedom enables each technique. Finally, we discuss the limitations of each of these techniques and how they might be improved as technology advances. Advisors/Committee Members: Kwiat, Paul G. (advisor), Van Harlingen, Dale J. (Committee Chair), Ceperley, David M. (committee member), Peng, Jen-Chieh (committee member), Hughes, Taylor L. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Hyperentanglement; Quantum Communication; Quantum Optics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Graham, T. M. (2016). Using hyperentanglement for advanced quantum communication. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/90539

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Graham, Trent Michael. “Using hyperentanglement for advanced quantum communication.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/90539.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Graham, Trent Michael. “Using hyperentanglement for advanced quantum communication.” 2016. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Graham TM. Using hyperentanglement for advanced quantum communication. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/90539.

Council of Science Editors:

Graham TM. Using hyperentanglement for advanced quantum communication. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/90539

University of Waterloo

10. Fisher, Kent. Implementing quantum gates and channels using linear optics.

Degree: 2012, University of Waterloo

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7067

► This thesis deals with the implementation of quantum channels using linear optics. We begin with overviews of some important concepts in both quantum information and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: quantum information; quantum optics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Fisher, K. (2012). Implementing quantum gates and channels using linear optics. (Thesis). University of Waterloo. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7067

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fisher, Kent. “Implementing quantum gates and channels using linear optics.” 2012. Thesis, University of Waterloo. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7067.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fisher, Kent. “Implementing quantum gates and channels using linear optics.” 2012. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Fisher K. Implementing quantum gates and channels using linear optics. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7067.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Fisher K. Implementing quantum gates and channels using linear optics. [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7067

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Waterloo

11. Kaiser, Sarah. Quantum key distribution devices: How to make them and how to break them.

Degree: 2016, University of Waterloo

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/10725

► As more aspects of modern society depend on digital communication, we increasingly rely on infrastructure that ensures the privacy and security of this communication. Classically,… (more)

▼ As more aspects of modern society depend on digital communication, we increasingly rely on infrastructure that ensures the privacy and security of this communication. Classically, this has been provided by cryptographic protocols such as public-key encryption, in which secrets called keys are exchanged between different parties to enable secure communication. The rapid development of quantum algorithms which violate the assumptions of these protocols, however, poses a security challenge to modern cryptography. Quantum resources can also be used to strengthen cryptographic security, particularly the security of key exchange protocols. This approach, QKD, can be implemented by encoding in quantum systems such as single photons sent through free-space or a fiber. Fiber based QKD devices are already commercially available, but are fundamentally limited to distributing keys over a few hundred kilometers. To address this distance limitation, research QKD systems are being developed to exchange keys through free-space to satellites. This work considers practical challenges to building and testing both types of QKD devices. Firstly, we consider modeling and mission analysis for airborne demonstrations of QKD to stratospheric balloons and aircraft to simulate a satellite. Based on the mission parameters available for both platforms, we found aircraft platforms were more promising for testing prototype QKD satellite systems. We developed a mission planning tool to help design the flight geometries for testing the device. Next, we developed three new components for a QKD satellite prototype. The requirements for electro-optical devices in orbit are very different from lab environments, mandating new approaches to designing QKD devices. We developed a quad single photon detector package to meet the requirements for free-space links to low earth orbit. Moreover, we designed and built optical systems for analyzing the polarization of photons and an adaptive optics unit to increase the efficiency of collecting the encoded photons. All three devices were tested in conditions that simulated the time and loss of a satellite pass. Finally, we demonstrated a laser damage attack on a live commercial QKD system. Our attack injected additional optical power into the sender device to modify security-critical components. Specifically, our attack damaged the PIN diodes which monitor the encoded photon number, reducing their sensitivity or completely blinding them. Our damage could compromise the entire key, and was performed during system operation while raising no alarms. In summary, this work shows the trade-offs of testing QKD payloads on different airborne platforms, develops components for a satellite QKD payload, and demonstrates a security vulnerability in a commercial QKD system that can fully compromise the key. These results help address practical challenges to building QKD devices, improving the security of modern cryptography.

Subjects/Keywords: Quantum Cryptography; Quantum Optics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kaiser, S. (2016). Quantum key distribution devices: How to make them and how to break them. (Thesis). University of Waterloo. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10012/10725

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kaiser, Sarah. “Quantum key distribution devices: How to make them and how to break them.” 2016. Thesis, University of Waterloo. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/10725.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kaiser, Sarah. “Quantum key distribution devices: How to make them and how to break them.” 2016. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kaiser S. Quantum key distribution devices: How to make them and how to break them. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/10725.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kaiser S. Quantum key distribution devices: How to make them and how to break them. [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/10725

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Louisiana State University

12. Studer, Nicholas Michael. Optimization of Quantum Optical Metrology Systems.

Degree: PhD, Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 2019, Louisiana State University

URL: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/4842

► It can be said that all of humanity's efforts can be understood as a problem of optimization. We each have a natural sense of… (more)

▼ It can be said that all of humanity's efforts can be understood as a problem of optimization. We each have a natural sense of what is ``good'' or ``bad'' and thus our actions tend towards maximizing – or optimizing – some notion of good and minimizing those things we perceive as bad or undesirable. Within the sciences, the greatest form of good is knowledge. It is this pursuit of knowledge that leads to not only life-saving innovations and technology, but also to furthering our understanding of our natural world and driving our philosophical pursuits. The principle method of obtaining knowledge in the sciences is by performing measurements; the simple act of comparing one attribute of a system to a known standard and recording the observed value is how all scientific progress is made. The act of performing measurements is in fact so important that there is an entire field of study surrounding it: metrology. One critical component of metrology is the development of new techniques to perform measurements, or alternative measurement schemes that are more optimal in some way. This is where there is room to exploit quantum physics to improve our techniques \ – we can perform quantum metrology. In quantum mechanics we routinely deal with the smallest, weakest, most delicate of systems. Quantum properties are inherently very sensitive to their environment; this of course makes them highly intolerant of noise but also makes them great resources to perform sensitive measurements. Quantum metrology concerns itself with utilizing quantum phenomena to extract more information from the natural world than is possible by conventional, or classical, means. To perform optimal measurements, these quantum systems must of course be optimal by some metric. Performing the ``optimal'' measurement requires several ingredients. First, we need the optimal tools or instrumentation. In quantum mechanical language, this means we need the optimal probe state. Then, we need to optimize the interaction of our instrumentation with the system we which to interrogate so that we can extract the desired information. This translates to needing the best possible interaction between the probe state and the system in question – in other words, we need to optimize the evolution of the probe. Finally, we must take care to extract the most information as possible at the output; we must not neglect any information present in the evolved probe state. The entire quantum metrology process can be summarized as thus: probe state preparation, probe state evolution, and evolved state detection. These elements make up the basis of this thesis. Within, I will discuss several works in which I optimize the performance of systems that implement these metrology elements. Specifically, I will first discuss one such system in which I optimize the probe interrogation of the phase, i.e. perform phase-estimation, in a Boson-sampling device. Then, I will show some strategies to progressively build up highly-useful Fock states starting…

Subjects/Keywords: quantum optics; quantum metrology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Studer, N. M. (2019). Optimization of Quantum Optical Metrology Systems. (Doctoral Dissertation). Louisiana State University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/4842

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Studer, Nicholas Michael. “Optimization of Quantum Optical Metrology Systems.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Louisiana State University. Accessed January 24, 2021. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/4842.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Studer, Nicholas Michael. “Optimization of Quantum Optical Metrology Systems.” 2019. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Studer NM. Optimization of Quantum Optical Metrology Systems. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Louisiana State University; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/4842.

Council of Science Editors:

Studer NM. Optimization of Quantum Optical Metrology Systems. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Louisiana State University; 2019. Available from: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/4842

Louisiana State University

13. Roy Bardhan, Bhaskar. Topics in Quantum Metrology, Control, and Communications.

Degree: PhD, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, 2014, Louisiana State University

URL: etd-10052014-073714 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/3752

► Noise present in an environment has significant impacts on a quantum system affecting properties like coherence, entanglement and other metrological features of a quantum state.… (more)

▼ Noise present in an environment has significant impacts on a quantum system affecting properties like coherence, entanglement and other metrological features of a quantum state. In this dissertation, we address the effects of different types of noise that are present in a communication channel (or medium) and an interferometric setup, and analyze their effects in the contexts of preserving coherence and entanglement, phase sensitivity, and limits on rate of communication through noisy channels. We first consider quantum optical phase estimation in quantum metrology when phase fluctuations are introduced in the system by its interaction with a noisy environment. By considering path-entangled dual-mode photon Fock states in a Mach-Zehnder optical interferometric configuration, we show that such phase fluctuations affect phase sensitivity and visibility by adding noise to the phase to be estimated. We also demonstrate that the optimal detection strategy for estimating a phase in the presence of such phase noise is provided by the parity detection scheme. We then investigate the random birefringent noise present in an optical fiber affecting the coherence properties of a single photon polarization qubit propagating through it. We show that a simple but effective control technique, called dynamical decoupling, can be used to suppress the effects of the dephasing noise, thereby preserving its ability to carry the encoded quantum information in a long-distance optical fiber communication system. Optical amplifiers and attenuators can also add noise to an entangled quantum system, deteriorating the non-classical properties of the state. We show this by considering a two-mode squeezed vacuum state, which is a Gaussian entangled state, propagating through a noisy medium, and characterizing the loss of entanglement in the covariance matrix and the symplectic formalism for this state. Finally, we discuss limits on the rate of communication in the context of sending messages through noisy optical quantum communication channels. In particular, we prove that a strong converse theorem holds under a maximum photon number constraint for these channels, guaranteeing that the success probability in decoding the message vanishes in the asymptotic limit for the rate exceeding the capacity of the channels.

Subjects/Keywords: Quantum optics; Quantum information theory

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Roy Bardhan, B. (2014). Topics in Quantum Metrology, Control, and Communications. (Doctoral Dissertation). Louisiana State University. Retrieved from etd-10052014-073714 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/3752

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Roy Bardhan, Bhaskar. “Topics in Quantum Metrology, Control, and Communications.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Louisiana State University. Accessed January 24, 2021. etd-10052014-073714 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/3752.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Roy Bardhan, Bhaskar. “Topics in Quantum Metrology, Control, and Communications.” 2014. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Roy Bardhan B. Topics in Quantum Metrology, Control, and Communications. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Louisiana State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: etd-10052014-073714 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/3752.

Council of Science Editors:

Roy Bardhan B. Topics in Quantum Metrology, Control, and Communications. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Louisiana State University; 2014. Available from: etd-10052014-073714 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/3752

University of Cambridge

14. Matthiesen, Clemens. Coherent photons from a solid-state artificial atom.

Degree: PhD, 2013, University of Cambridge

URL: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.16610 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619506

► Single spins confined in semiconductor quantum dots - artificial atoms in the solid-state - are attractive candidates for quantum mechanical bits, the fundamental units and… (more)

▼ Single spins confined in semiconductor quantum dots - artificial atoms in the solid-state - are attractive candidates for quantum mechanical bits, the fundamental units and building blocks of a quantum computer. The ability to address quantum dot spins optically allows us to initialise and manipulate the state of the quantum bit. Gaining information on the qubit, for example by reading out its state, not only requires state-selective optical excitation, but also access to the single photons scattered in response by the quantum dot. Further, for a distributed computer architecture where nodes of few quantum bits are interlinked via optical communication channels photonic quantum bits are required to faithfully transmit the quantum information. In this thesis we advocate resonant excitation of quantum dot transitions and collection of the resonance fluorescence to address two outstanding challenges: generating dephasing-free single photons for use as flying quantum bits and single-shot spin readout. To this end we investigate the spectral and first-order coherence properties of quantum dot resonance fluorescence. In particular, we directly observe highly coherent scattering in the low Rabi frequency limit which has remained unexplored for solid-state single photon emitters so far. At the same time, interactions with the semiconductor environment are revealed and quantified through their optical signatures: exciton-phonon coupling, nuclear spin dynamics and local electric field fluctuations signal a departure from the ideal atom-like behaviour. Taking advantage of the laser-like coherence of single phase-locked quantum dot photons in the Heitler regime, we demonstrate near-ideal two-photon quantum interference. This benchmark measurement is a precursor for the photonic entanglement of distant quantum dot spins in a quantum optical network, and the results here predict a high fidelity operation. Finally, moving to tunnel-coupled quantum dot molecules we show that the overlap of carrier wave functions in two closely spaced quantum dots forms new spin-selective optical transitions not available in single quantum dots. Then, the presence or absence of scattered photons reveals the electron spin. Intermittency in the quantum dot resonance fluorescence allowed us, for the first time, to observe spin quantum jumps in real-time. Both achievements - highly coherent photons and spin readout - provide the missing link to attempt creation of a small-scale quantum network now.

Subjects/Keywords: 621.3815; Quantum optics; Quantum dots

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APA (6^th Edition):

Matthiesen, C. (2013). Coherent photons from a solid-state artificial atom. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Cambridge. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.16610 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619506

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Matthiesen, Clemens. “Coherent photons from a solid-state artificial atom.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Cambridge. Accessed January 24, 2021. https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.16610 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619506.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Matthiesen, Clemens. “Coherent photons from a solid-state artificial atom.” 2013. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Matthiesen C. Coherent photons from a solid-state artificial atom. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.16610 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619506.

Council of Science Editors:

Matthiesen C. Coherent photons from a solid-state artificial atom. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2013. Available from: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.16610 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619506

University of Oxford

15. Kocher, Claudius. Optical spectroscopy of single non-polar InGaN quantum dots.

Degree: PhD, 2020, University of Oxford

URL: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:80fd7e71-14cd-4830-a061-33653069746c ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.813540

► Experimental investigations of single InGaN/GaN quantum dots grown on the non-polar (11-20) plane are presented. The electrical driving of non-polar nitride quantum dots is demonstrated.… (more)

▼ Experimental investigations of single InGaN/GaN quantum dots grown on the non-polar (11-20) plane are presented. The electrical driving of non-polar nitride quantum dots is demonstrated. Correlation measurements on a single dot prove single-photon emission with a second order correlation value of g²(0) = 0.18(18), taking into account the detector time response. The dot’s emission exhibits a high degree of linear polarisation, in agreement with a study on 76 randomly chosen quantum dots. Current-dependent measurements reveal three biexciton-exciton pairs with a small binding energy of 3meV, indicating dot heights below 5 nm. Electroluminescence of a single dot is demonstrated up to 130 K. A lateral electric field is applied to quantum dots with the aim of estimating their lateral size and confining potential from linewidth broadening. A measurement on a single dot yields 6(1) nm and 28(3) meV. However, 60 other emission lines do not show a broadening, but their energy shifts allow to determine the magnitude of the in-built dipoles. As expected, these are small compared to those of polar InGaN dots, ranging between -0.4eÅ and +0.3eÅ. The existence of both parallel and anti-parallel dipoles is attributed to competition between the first and second order piezo-electric component. A mean in-built field of -3 kV/cm with a standard deviation of 11 kV/cm is deduced, demonstrating a reduction by more than two orders of magnitude compared to polar InGaN dots. Further observations are unexpected non-parabolic energy shifts, attributed to device fabrication issues, and similar shift behaviour of some emission lines in the same spectrum, attributed to multi-excitonic complexes and excited states. A correlation method is used along with continuous laser excitation to measure the fast timescale of spectral diffusion of several dots. Only a part of a dot’s linewidth is selected. One randomly chosen dot exhibits a spectral diffusion time of 860(160) ns at low excitation power. The inverse of the spectral diffusion time increases with increasing excitation power, in line with previous reports. Other quantum dots exhibit shorter, but also longer spectral diffusion times, up to 1170(50) ns. This is at least 3.5 times longer than for any previous measurement on a nitride dot.

Subjects/Keywords: Quantum optics; Quantum dots

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kocher, C. (2020). Optical spectroscopy of single non-polar InGaN quantum dots. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oxford. Retrieved from http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:80fd7e71-14cd-4830-a061-33653069746c ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.813540

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kocher, Claudius. “Optical spectroscopy of single non-polar InGaN quantum dots.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oxford. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:80fd7e71-14cd-4830-a061-33653069746c ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.813540.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kocher, Claudius. “Optical spectroscopy of single non-polar InGaN quantum dots.” 2020. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kocher C. Optical spectroscopy of single non-polar InGaN quantum dots. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:80fd7e71-14cd-4830-a061-33653069746c ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.813540.

Council of Science Editors:

Kocher C. Optical spectroscopy of single non-polar InGaN quantum dots. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2020. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:80fd7e71-14cd-4830-a061-33653069746c ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.813540

University of Waterloo

16. MacLean, Jean-Philippe. Ultrafast Metrology in the Quantum Domain.

Degree: 2019, University of Waterloo

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/14471

► Single photons are a natural platform for quantum technologies as they support entanglement in many degrees of freedom and are inherently well protected from a… (more)

▼ Single photons are a natural platform for quantum technologies as they support entanglement in many degrees of freedom and are inherently well protected from a detrimental type of noise called decoherence. In order to fully exploit photons for quantum technologies, it will be necessary to be able to shape, control, and measure their properties in all degrees of freedom: space, time, frequency, and polarization. The time-frequency degree of freedom of light is of particular interest for quantum information tasks as it supports various encodings, including frequency bins and time bins, and is intrinsically robust for propagation through long-distance fibre links. Applications which harness quantum correlations in this degree of freedom, referred to as energy-time entanglement, include dispersion cancellation and high-dimensional quantum key distribution. However, detection of this entanglement and observation of these effects requires time resolution beyond the capabilities of current photon detectors. Thus, for operations on ultrafast time scales, more powerful and complex methods are required. In this thesis, we use a nonlinear technique known as optical gating to surpass the limitations in current detectors and measure single photon pairs, improving the time resolution by two orders of magnitude. When a single photon enters a nonlinear medium at the same time as a strong laser pulse, it may upconvert to a higher energy photon. The strong laser pulse effectively acts as an ultrafast shutter or gate and this creates a high resolution snapshot of the photon in time. Optical gating in conjunction with single photon spectrometers then allow us to measure both the spectral and temporal features of photons on subpicosecond time scales. These high resolution measurements enable us to explore a host of quantum effects which remained previously inaccessible. First, we directly observe energy-time entanglement, analogous to Einstein-Rosen-Podolsky correlations but \emph{in frequency and time}. Then, with full control over the dispersion of each photon, we observe nonlocal dispersion cancellation on femtosecond time scales. We also explore ultrafast interferometry in the quantum domain by temporally resolving two-photon interference from a Franson interferometer and observe a violation of the CHSH-Bell inequality. Finally, we show that, using these measurements, it is possible to reconstruct a two-photon energy-time entangled state. Such measurement capabilities will be essential to precisely control both the spectral and temporal shape of entangled photons and to develop new applications in quantum state engineering.

Subjects/Keywords: Quantum optics; Ultrafast optics; Quantum entanglement

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APA (6^th Edition):

MacLean, J. (2019). Ultrafast Metrology in the Quantum Domain. (Thesis). University of Waterloo. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10012/14471

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

MacLean, Jean-Philippe. “Ultrafast Metrology in the Quantum Domain.” 2019. Thesis, University of Waterloo. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/14471.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

MacLean, Jean-Philippe. “Ultrafast Metrology in the Quantum Domain.” 2019. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

MacLean J. Ultrafast Metrology in the Quantum Domain. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/14471.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

MacLean J. Ultrafast Metrology in the Quantum Domain. [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/14471

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

17. Hill, Alexander D. Spatial mode control and advanced methods for multi-platform quantum communication.

Degree: PhD, Physics, 2018, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/102394

► Though state-of-the-art quantum computers are currently limited to only a handful of physical qubits, a quantum computer large enough to perform prime factorization of modern… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Quantum Communication; Quantum Optics; Adaptive Optics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hill, A. D. (2018). Spatial mode control and advanced methods for multi-platform quantum communication. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/102394

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hill, Alexander D. “Spatial mode control and advanced methods for multi-platform quantum communication.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/102394.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hill, Alexander D. “Spatial mode control and advanced methods for multi-platform quantum communication.” 2018. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Hill AD. Spatial mode control and advanced methods for multi-platform quantum communication. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/102394.

Council of Science Editors:

Hill AD. Spatial mode control and advanced methods for multi-platform quantum communication. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/102394

Queens University

18. Van Vlack, Cole Percy. Dyadic Green Functions and their applications in Classical and Quantum Nanophotonics .

Degree: Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, 2012, Queens University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/7128

► Research in solid-state nanophotonics and quantum optics has been recently pushing the limits in semiconductor microcavity design. High quality microcavities that confine light into small… (more)

▼ Research in solid-state nanophotonics and quantum optics has been recently pushing the limits in semiconductor microcavity design. High quality microcavities that confine light into small volumes are now able to drastically alter the local density of states (LDOS). Plasmonic systems can provide smaller effective confinements, however it is unclear if the benefits of confinement are good enough to balance material losses due to non-radiative processes. This thesis presents a compendium of techniques for calculating photonic Green functions in various lossy, inhomogeneous magneto-dielectric systems. Subsequently we derive a rigorous theory of quantum light-matter interactions, valid in both weak and strong coupling limits, and show how the classical photonic Green function is developed to calculate Purcell factors, Lamb shifts, and the near and far field spectra from a single photon emitter. Using these techniques, this work investigates the classical and quantum optical properties of a variety of inhomogeneous structures, including their coupling to single photon emitters. This includes examining Purcell factors above negative index slabs and showing the convergence of many slow-light modes leads to a drastic increase in the LDOS along with large Lamb shifts. The optical trapping of metallic nanoparticles is examined above a negative index slab and a silver half-space, showing the importance of interparticle coupling on the optical forces. Then the interaction between a quantum dot and a metallic nanoparticle is studied where far-field strong coupling effects are observed only when the metallic nanoparticle is considered beyond the dipole approximation. Finally, this work addresses the issue of the LDOS diverging in lossy materials, which necessitates a description of spontaneous emission beyond the dipole approximation; the ``local field problem'' in quantum optics is revisited and generalized to include local field corrections for use in any photonic medium. The strength of finite-difference time-domain techniques is demonstrated in a number of cases for the calculation of regularized Green functions in lossy inhomogeneous media. This thesis presents a comprehensive study of Green function approaches to model classical and quantum light-matter interactions in arbitrary nanophotonic structures, including quantum dots, semiconductor microcavities, negative index waveguides, metallic half-spaces and metallic nanoparticles.

Subjects/Keywords: Quantum Optics ; Nanophotonics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Van Vlack, C. P. (2012). Dyadic Green Functions and their applications in Classical and Quantum Nanophotonics . (Thesis). Queens University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1974/7128

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Van Vlack, Cole Percy. “Dyadic Green Functions and their applications in Classical and Quantum Nanophotonics .” 2012. Thesis, Queens University. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/7128.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Van Vlack, Cole Percy. “Dyadic Green Functions and their applications in Classical and Quantum Nanophotonics .” 2012. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Van Vlack CP. Dyadic Green Functions and their applications in Classical and Quantum Nanophotonics . [Internet] [Thesis]. Queens University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/7128.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Van Vlack CP. Dyadic Green Functions and their applications in Classical and Quantum Nanophotonics . [Thesis]. Queens University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/7128

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Louisiana State University

19. Singh, Robinjeet. Quantum Radiation Pressure Noise: Exposing the Quantum Mechanics of Optomechanical Interactions.

Degree: PhD, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, 2016, Louisiana State University

URL: etd-10212016-180126 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/4429

► The detection of gravitational waves has further motivated the scientists to push horizons for an improved sensitivity sphere of the advanced LIGO. Below 100 Hz,… (more)

▼ The detection of gravitational waves has further motivated the scientists to push horizons for an improved sensitivity sphere of the advanced LIGO. Below 100 Hz, design sensitivity of the advanced LIGO is predicted to be limited by the quantum backaction or the quantum radiation pressure noise (QRPN). In this thesis, I present the experimental progress towards the measurement of the QRPN. This work is in part an effort towards establishing a tabletop test experiment to calibrate the QRPN evasion through various proposed schemes, and further bring to light new nonlinear optomechanical dynamics. The experiment consists of a high optical and mechanical quality microresonator used as a movable end mirror in a high finesse optical cavity. To effectively infer the quantum superposition of the optomechanical interactions, the optomechanical dynamics must be stabilized and the microresonator must be maximally decoupled from the noisy thermal environment. I demonstrate the optical dilution of the Brownian dissipation of the mechani- cal state of the microresonator, by exploiting the optical spring effect of the optomechanical system. I also discuss the pump-probe scheme where two fields are injected into the optomechanical cavity, for enhancing the optomechanical correlations and hence exposing the QRPN. I further demonstrate a new scheme for the optical trapping of the mechanical state. Here we exploited the polarization dependent frequency shift effects of the birefringent microresonator test mass. Given the development towards the ability to manipulate the frequency shifts between the two polarizations of the input field, the technique may find potential use towards achieving the self stabilizing optomechanics to trap the macroscopic test mass in the desired mechanical state. In the appendices, I also discussed the computational project to investigate the laser cooling of a two level atomic state by the stimulated emission. Given the effective control over the heat exchange between the atom and the entropy reservoir laser field, this technique serves potential towards the laser cooling of the macroscopic mechanical systems.

Subjects/Keywords: Quantum Noise; Optics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Singh, R. (2016). Quantum Radiation Pressure Noise: Exposing the Quantum Mechanics of Optomechanical Interactions. (Doctoral Dissertation). Louisiana State University. Retrieved from etd-10212016-180126 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/4429

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Singh, Robinjeet. “Quantum Radiation Pressure Noise: Exposing the Quantum Mechanics of Optomechanical Interactions.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Louisiana State University. Accessed January 24, 2021. etd-10212016-180126 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/4429.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Singh, Robinjeet. “Quantum Radiation Pressure Noise: Exposing the Quantum Mechanics of Optomechanical Interactions.” 2016. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Singh R. Quantum Radiation Pressure Noise: Exposing the Quantum Mechanics of Optomechanical Interactions. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Louisiana State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: etd-10212016-180126 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/4429.

Council of Science Editors:

Singh R. Quantum Radiation Pressure Noise: Exposing the Quantum Mechanics of Optomechanical Interactions. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Louisiana State University; 2016. Available from: etd-10212016-180126 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/4429

Boston University

20. Fitzpatrick, Casey Alan. High-dimensional quantum information processing with linear optics.

Degree: PhD, Electrical & Computer Engineering, 2017, Boston University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/23564

► Quantum information processing (QIP) is an interdisciplinary field concerned with the development of computers and information processing systems that utilize quantum mechanical properties of nature… (more)

▼ Quantum information processing (QIP) is an interdisciplinary field concerned with the development of computers and information processing systems that utilize quantum mechanical properties of nature to carry out their function. QIP systems have become vastly more practical since the turn of the century. Today, QIP applications span imaging, cryptographic security, computation, and simulation (quantum systems that mimic other quantum systems). Many important strategies improve quantum versions of classical information system hardware, such as single photon detectors and quantum repeaters. Another more abstract strategy engineers high-dimensional quantum state spaces, so that each successful event carries more information than traditional two-level systems allow. Photonic states in particular bring the added advantages of weak environmental coupling and data transmission near the speed of light, allowing for simpler control and lower system design complexity. In this dissertation, numerous novel, scalable designs for practical high-dimensional linear-optical QIP systems are presented. First, a correlated photon imaging scheme using orbital angular momentum (OAM) states to detect rotational symmetries in objects using measurements, as well as building images out of those interactions is reported. Then, a statistical detection method using chains of OAM superpositions distributed according to the Fibonacci sequence is established and expanded upon. It is shown that the approach gives rise to schemes for sorting, detecting, and generating the recursively defined high-dimensional states on which some quantum cryptographic protocols depend. Finally, an ongoing study based on a generalization of the standard optical multiport for applications in quantum computation and simulation is reported upon. The architecture allows photons to reverse momentum inside the device. This in turn enables realistic implementation of controllable linear-optical scattering vertices for carrying out quantum walks on arbitrary graph structures, a powerful tool for any quantum computer. It is shown that the novel architecture provides new, efficient capabilities for the optical quantum simulation of Hamiltonians and topologically protected states. Further, these simulations use exponentially fewer resources than feedforward techniques, scale linearly to higher-dimensional systems, and use only linear optics, thus offering a concrete experimentally achievable implementation of graphical models of discrete-time quantum systems.

Subjects/Keywords: Quantum physics; Optics; Photonics; Quantum computing; Quantum information processing; Quantum optics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Fitzpatrick, C. A. (2017). High-dimensional quantum information processing with linear optics. (Doctoral Dissertation). Boston University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2144/23564

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fitzpatrick, Casey Alan. “High-dimensional quantum information processing with linear optics.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Boston University. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2144/23564.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fitzpatrick, Casey Alan. “High-dimensional quantum information processing with linear optics.” 2017. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Fitzpatrick CA. High-dimensional quantum information processing with linear optics. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Boston University; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/23564.

Council of Science Editors:

Fitzpatrick CA. High-dimensional quantum information processing with linear optics. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Boston University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/23564

Texas A&M University

21. Fan, Longfei. Quantum Measurement and Its Applications in Quantum Optical Systems.

Degree: PhD, Physics, 2018, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174040

► Quantum measurement is the cornerstone of quantum computing and quantum information. It has many exciting applications. Various quantum optical systems are key to experimental physics… (more)

▼ Quantum measurement is the cornerstone of quantum computing and quantum information. It has many exciting applications. Various quantum optical systems are key to experimental physics because of their high precision and well controllability. In this dissertation, we focus on study of quantum measurement and its applications in quantum optical systems. We first study the fundamental trade-off relation between information gain and fidelity during successive weak QND measurement. Then we evaluate the effectiveness of quantum measurement reversal on quantum state protection under non-ideal detection efficiency. A linear optical setup is proposed for experimental verification of our result. Finally, we explore the performance of non-Gaussian two-mode entangled states for quantum illumination, which is an application of quantum state discrimination. For successive weak QND measurements, we show that the information gain increases monotonically with respect to the number of measurements. Meanwhile the fidelity shows oscillatory decreasing behavior, which results from interference terms between photon numbers. We conclude that a greater information gain does not always imply a worse fidelity. For non-ideal quantum measurement reversal, we derive how quantum states evolve in quantum reversal under finite effective monitoring efficiency. Fidelity and concurrence are then calculated to evaluate the effectiveness of state protection using reversal. Generally the performance is weakened by finite monitoring efficiency. The negative effect of measurement reversal can dominate under certain conditions. A criterion that decides whether to apply state protection using measurement reversal is given. As for quantum illumination, we conclude that non-Gaussian operations can enhance the performance, i.e., achieve lower error probability by introducing both stronger entanglement and larger average photon numbers. However, if the signal strength is a concern, two-mode squeezed states (TMSS) performs better than other non-Gaussian states under the same output signal strength. When applying a coherent superposition of photon subtraction and photon addition to enhance quantum illumination, we show that optimal error probability is achieved by an asymmetrical operation. Advisors/Committee Members: Zubairy, Muhammad Suhail (advisor), Zheltikov, Aleksei (committee member), Sokolov, Alexei (committee member), Hemmer, Philip (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: quantum information; quantum measurement; quantum optics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Fan, L. (2018). Quantum Measurement and Its Applications in Quantum Optical Systems. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174040

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fan, Longfei. “Quantum Measurement and Its Applications in Quantum Optical Systems.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174040.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fan, Longfei. “Quantum Measurement and Its Applications in Quantum Optical Systems.” 2018. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Fan L. Quantum Measurement and Its Applications in Quantum Optical Systems. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174040.

Council of Science Editors:

Fan L. Quantum Measurement and Its Applications in Quantum Optical Systems. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174040

University of Waterloo

22. Marwah, Ashutosh Satyajit. Optical Quantum Communication & Cryptography with Temporarily Trusted Parties.

Degree: 2019, University of Waterloo

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/15087

► The work in this thesis can be divided into three parts. The first two parts deal with optical quantum communication protocols and the third part… (more)

▼ The work in this thesis can be divided into three parts. The first two parts deal with optical quantum communication protocols and the third part deals with quantum cryptography. The first part of the thesis is a step towards reformulating quantum protocols in terms of coherent states. Quantum communication protocols are typically formulated in terms of abstract qudit states and operations. This leaves the question of an experimental realization open. Direct translation of these protocols, say into single photons with some d-dimensional degree of freedom, are typically challenging to realize. Multi-mode coherent states, on the other hand, can be easily generated experimentally. Reformulation of protocols in terms of these states has been a successful strategy for implementation of quantum protocols. Quantum key distribution and the quantum fingerprinting protocol have both followed this route. In Chapter 3, we characterize the Gram matrices of multi-mode coherent states in an attempt to understand the class of communication protocols, which can be implemented using these states. We also derive the closure of the Gram matrices, which can be implemented in this way, so that we also characterize those matrices, which can be approximated arbitrarily well using multi-mode coherent states. In the second part of the thesis, Chapter 4, we describe our collaboration with an experimental group to implement the quantum fingerprinting protocol and examine the tradeoffs between the resources required to implement such protocols. It is seen that it is difficult to implement the quantum fingerprinting protocol experimentally for large input sizes. This leads us to study the tradeoff between the two resources expended during optically implemented simultaneous message passing communication protocols: the duration of the protocol and the energy required to run it. We derive general bounds on the growth of these quantities which are valid for all optical protocols. We also develop tighter bounds for the growth of these resources for protocols implementing quantum fingerprinting with coherent states. Finally in Chapter 5, we venture into quantum cryptography. We introduce a new setting for two-party cryptography with temporarily trusted third parties. In this setting, in addition to Alice and Bob, there are third parties, which Alice and Bob both trust to be honest during the course of the protocol. However, once the protocol concludes, there is no guarantee over the behaviour of these third parties. It is possible that they collaborate and act adversarially against the honest parties. We implement a variant of bit commitment in this setting, which we call erasable bit commitment. In this primitive, Alice has the choice of either opening or erasing her commitment after the commit phase. The ability to ask for an erasure allows Alice to ask the trusted nodes to erase her commitment in case the trust period is about to expire. However, this ability also makes erasable bit commitment weaker than the standard version of bit…

Subjects/Keywords: quantum communication; quantum optics; quantum cryptography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Marwah, A. S. (2019). Optical Quantum Communication & Cryptography with Temporarily Trusted Parties. (Thesis). University of Waterloo. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10012/15087

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Marwah, Ashutosh Satyajit. “Optical Quantum Communication & Cryptography with Temporarily Trusted Parties.” 2019. Thesis, University of Waterloo. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/15087.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Marwah, Ashutosh Satyajit. “Optical Quantum Communication & Cryptography with Temporarily Trusted Parties.” 2019. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Marwah AS. Optical Quantum Communication & Cryptography with Temporarily Trusted Parties. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/15087.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Marwah AS. Optical Quantum Communication & Cryptography with Temporarily Trusted Parties. [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/15087

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Waterloo

23. Daley, Patrick. Causal Discovery of Photonic Bell Experiments.

Degree: 2020, University of Waterloo

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/15446

► A causal understanding of a physical theory is vital. They provide profound insights into the implications of the theory and contain the information required to… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: quantum foundations; causal inference; quantum optics; quantum

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APA (6^th Edition):

Daley, P. (2020). Causal Discovery of Photonic Bell Experiments. (Thesis). University of Waterloo. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10012/15446

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Daley, Patrick. “Causal Discovery of Photonic Bell Experiments.” 2020. Thesis, University of Waterloo. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/15446.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Daley, Patrick. “Causal Discovery of Photonic Bell Experiments.” 2020. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Daley P. Causal Discovery of Photonic Bell Experiments. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/15446.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Daley P. Causal Discovery of Photonic Bell Experiments. [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/15446

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Waterloo

24. Meyer-Scott, Evan. Heralding Photonic Qubits for Quantum Communication.

Degree: 2016, University of Waterloo

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/10201

► Quantum communication attempts to harness the unique rules of quantum mechanics to perform communication tasks that are difficult or impossible using classical rules. To realize… (more)

▼ Quantum communication attempts to harness the unique rules of quantum mechanics to perform communication tasks that are difficult or impossible using classical rules. To realize these benefits, information must be carried on quantum systems. Photons make excellent carriers because they interact very little with the environment, move quickly, and can naturally store quantum information in their polarization. However, it is notoriously difficult to detect a single photon without destroying it. Standard detectors simply absorb the photon, losing the quantum information. This is a critical outstanding problem in quantum communication, as advanced protocols need to know exactly when a photon has arrived at a receiver after transmission through the atmosphere or an optical fibre before performing further quantum-information-processing tasks. Certifying a photon’s presence is of particular interest in tests of Bell’s inequalities, which have only recently been performed without loopholes arising from photon loss, and in device-independent quantum cryptography, which relies on such Bell tests for security. In this thesis, I first present work on directly reducing losses in a successful loophole-free Bell test. This is an extremely difficult task that cannot be extended for long-distance communication. Therefore I then focus on ways to circumvent loss by detecting photons without destroying them while preserving their quantum information. First I analyze theoretically a way to herald photons using only linear-optical elements (beam splitters and phase shifters) and extra ancilla photons. Similar but older methods have been demonstrated experimentally by other groups, and my improvements will help future advanced quantum communication protocols. The main experiment in this thesis certifies the presence of a photon in a rather simple way: split the photon into two using a nonlinear optical crystal, then detect one of the pair to herald the other. I show in this first proof-of-principle experiment that photonic qubit precertification indeed preserves qubit states, with up to (92.3 ± 0.6)% fidelity and rates of 1100 events per hour. With reductions in detector dark counts, precertification could outperform direct transmission, even with extremely lossy fibre links. Finally, I present two sources of photons based on nonlinearities in optical fibres. One of the limitations of the photon splitting scheme for heralding is the low success probability due to the very low likelihood of splitting a photon in two. In these fibre photon sources I investigate increasing the splitting likelihood in four-wave mixing through advanced materials and fibre designs. I use polarization-maintaining fibres to generate entangled photon pairs as a prerequisite to precertification, with (92.2 ± 0.2)% fidelity to a maximally-entangled state. Then I show that one type of highly nonlinear chalcogenide glass, never before used for photon pair generation, could outperform standard nonlinear crystals by two orders of magnitude, with calculated…

Subjects/Keywords: quantum optics; quantum information; quantum communication; photonics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Meyer-Scott, E. (2016). Heralding Photonic Qubits for Quantum Communication. (Thesis). University of Waterloo. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10012/10201

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Meyer-Scott, Evan. “Heralding Photonic Qubits for Quantum Communication.” 2016. Thesis, University of Waterloo. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/10201.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Meyer-Scott, Evan. “Heralding Photonic Qubits for Quantum Communication.” 2016. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Meyer-Scott E. Heralding Photonic Qubits for Quantum Communication. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/10201.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Meyer-Scott E. Heralding Photonic Qubits for Quantum Communication. [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/10201

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of New South Wales

25. Wheatley, Trevor. To the standard quantum limit and beyond: Experimental quantum parameter estimation using adaptive quantum smoothing.

Degree: Engineering & Information Technology, 2016, University of New South Wales

URL: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/55888 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:39598/SOURCE02?view=true

► Quantum parameter estimation (QPE) is the ability to precisely estimate a classical parameter in a quantum system. QPE is important to many key quantum disciplines… (more)

▼ Quantum parameter estimation (QPE) is the ability to precisely estimate a classical parameter in a quantum system. QPE is important to many key quantum disciplines such as quantum control, gravitational wave detection and quantum key distribution. The discipline of QPE is driven by the pursuit of precision limited only by quantum mechanics, with benchmarks like the standard quantum limit (SQL) and the illusive Heisenberg limit. Many techniques promising greater precision have been proposed and demonstrated. Here we expand the QPE body of knowledge by demonstrating QPE techniques for estimating optical phase and mirror position in quantum optical systems. We demonstrate new and existing techniques, comparing the results with existing limits of precision. Our techniques lower traditional precision levels with further improvement obtained when quantum enhancement is employed.In this thesis we present results from the first demonstrations of adaptive and dual homodyne detection using time-asymmetric quantum filtering to estimate a continuously varying optical phase. In this work we approach the SQL using dual homodyne detection and go beyond the SQL by 1.2 +/- 0.08 times with an adaptive homodyne measurement.We additionally present results from the first experimental demonstration of optical phase estimation using time-symmetric quantum smoothing. Here we go beyond the SQL with both dual homodyne and adaptive homodyne by 2.24 +/- 0.14 times for the latter. This is extended to an experimental demonstration of quantum enhanced optical phase estimation using quantum smoothing. We define a new limit, the coherent state limit (CSL), our best precision achievable with a coherent state. With quantum enhancement we beat the CSL by approximately 15 +/- 4% and introduce a paradox where too much squeezing exists.We present theory and simulation validated by experiment for resonance enhanced quantum smoothing. When estimating the position of a mechanically resonant cavity mirror, this technique shows a precision enhancement of greater than two compared with optimal filtering. Previously smoothing enhancement has not exceeded two.Finally, theoretical and simulation results are provided for quantum enhanced mirror position estimation using resonant quantum smoothing. Our results indicate precision improvement of approximately 20 +/- 4% with quantum enhancement. Advisors/Committee Members: Petersen, Ian, Information Technology & Electrical Engineering, UNSW Canberra, UNSW, Huntington, Elanor, Research School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australian National University.

Subjects/Keywords: Quantum control; Quantum parameter estimation; Quantum optics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wheatley, T. (2016). To the standard quantum limit and beyond: Experimental quantum parameter estimation using adaptive quantum smoothing. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New South Wales. Retrieved from http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/55888 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:39598/SOURCE02?view=true

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wheatley, Trevor. “To the standard quantum limit and beyond: Experimental quantum parameter estimation using adaptive quantum smoothing.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New South Wales. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/55888 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:39598/SOURCE02?view=true.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wheatley, Trevor. “To the standard quantum limit and beyond: Experimental quantum parameter estimation using adaptive quantum smoothing.” 2016. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Wheatley T. To the standard quantum limit and beyond: Experimental quantum parameter estimation using adaptive quantum smoothing. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/55888 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:39598/SOURCE02?view=true.

Council of Science Editors:

Wheatley T. To the standard quantum limit and beyond: Experimental quantum parameter estimation using adaptive quantum smoothing. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2016. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/55888 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:39598/SOURCE02?view=true

Princeton University

26. Liu, Yanbing. Reservoir engineering in circuit quantum electrodynamics .

Degree: PhD, 2016, Princeton University

URL: http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp01mw22v794j

► Superconducting circuits have become an ideal platform to implement prototypi- cal quantum computing ideas and to study nonequilibrium quantum dynamics. This thesis covers research topics… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: quantum computing; quantum electrodynamics; quantum optics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Liu, Y. (2016). Reservoir engineering in circuit quantum electrodynamics . (Doctoral Dissertation). Princeton University. Retrieved from http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp01mw22v794j

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Liu, Yanbing. “Reservoir engineering in circuit quantum electrodynamics .” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Princeton University. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp01mw22v794j.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Liu, Yanbing. “Reservoir engineering in circuit quantum electrodynamics .” 2016. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Liu Y. Reservoir engineering in circuit quantum electrodynamics . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Princeton University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp01mw22v794j.

Council of Science Editors:

Liu Y. Reservoir engineering in circuit quantum electrodynamics . [Doctoral Dissertation]. Princeton University; 2016. Available from: http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp01mw22v794j

Australian National University

27. Titchener, James. On-chip generation and characterization of quantum light .

Degree: 2017, Australian National University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1885/133189

► Technologies based on quantum mechanics promise to revolutionize the collection, processing and communication of information. However, due to the fragility of quantum coherence, complex quantum… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Photonics; Quantum; integrated photonics; quantum state tomography; quantum computing; quantum optics; optics; nonlinear optics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Titchener, J. (2017). On-chip generation and characterization of quantum light . (Thesis). Australian National University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1885/133189

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Titchener, James. “On-chip generation and characterization of quantum light .” 2017. Thesis, Australian National University. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/133189.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Titchener, James. “On-chip generation and characterization of quantum light .” 2017. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Titchener J. On-chip generation and characterization of quantum light . [Internet] [Thesis]. Australian National University; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1885/133189.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Titchener J. On-chip generation and characterization of quantum light . [Thesis]. Australian National University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1885/133189

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Oregon

28. Smith, Roger. The Double-Heralded Generation and Frequency Translation of Two-Photon States of Light in Optical Fibers.

Degree: PhD, Department of Physics, 2016, University of Oregon

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20696

► The creation of optical states of light that are quantum mechanical in nature in optical fibers is discussed and demonstrated experimentally. Specifically, two- photon states… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Fiber optics; Nonlinear optics; Quantum detectors; Quantum optics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Smith, R. (2016). The Double-Heralded Generation and Frequency Translation of Two-Photon States of Light in Optical Fibers. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oregon. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20696

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Smith, Roger. “The Double-Heralded Generation and Frequency Translation of Two-Photon States of Light in Optical Fibers.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oregon. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20696.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Smith, Roger. “The Double-Heralded Generation and Frequency Translation of Two-Photon States of Light in Optical Fibers.” 2016. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Smith R. The Double-Heralded Generation and Frequency Translation of Two-Photon States of Light in Optical Fibers. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oregon; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20696.

Council of Science Editors:

Smith R. The Double-Heralded Generation and Frequency Translation of Two-Photon States of Light in Optical Fibers. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oregon; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20696

29. Donohue, John Matthew. Ultrafast manipulation of single photons using dispersion and sum-frequency generation.

Degree: 2016, University of Waterloo

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/11088

► Single photons provide a natural platform for quantum communication and quantum networking, as they can be entangled in many degrees of freedom and maintain coherence… (more)

▼ Single photons provide a natural platform for quantum communication and quantum networking, as they can be entangled in many degrees of freedom and maintain coherence over long-distance links. However, while their minimal interactions with the environment isolate them from detrimental noise, it can make them difficult to measure and manipulate. In particular, manipulation on the ultrafast timescale is necessary to fully exploit the energy-time (or spectral) photonic degree of freedom. Full control over the spectral properties of single photons is key to many quantum technologies and opens the door to natural high-dimensional quantum encodings. In this thesis, we theoretically and experimentally examine the use of nonlinear optical processes mediated by strong laser pulses as a method to control the spectral properties of ultrafast single photons. By mixing single-photon pulses with strong escort pulses that have been shaped through dispersion in a nonlinear crystal, the shape of the escort is imprinted on the photon, resulting in a custom-tailored upconverted pulse. We theoretically examine this process for quadratic spectral phases and show that it has the potential to be simultaneously effective and efficient for the customization of single-photon spectral waveforms, and can be performed in an entanglement-conserving manner. We then experimentally demonstrate the range of this technique through three applications. First, we show that sum-frequency generation with shaped pulses can be used to coherently measure time-bin encoded photons with bin separations on the order of picoseconds, well below the timing resolution of our detectors. Secondly, we show that this technique can be adapted to convert a train of pulses to a frequency comb, which can be read out in a straightforward manner using diffraction-based spectrometry. We also show here that this process can be performed in a polarization-maintaining fashion, and demonstrate that entanglement with a partner photon is conserved with high fidelity. Finally, we show that this process can be viewed as a time lens, which modulates a temporal waveform in an analogous fashion to a lens focusing a beam of light. We apply the time lens to a photon from an energy-time entangled pair, and show negative magnification of the joint spectrum through a reversal of the spectral correlations. Such processes could find application in quantum state engineering and high-speed single-photon measurement.

Subjects/Keywords: Quantum optics; Ultrafast optics; Nonlinear optics; Optics; Photonics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Donohue, J. M. (2016). Ultrafast manipulation of single photons using dispersion and sum-frequency generation. (Thesis). University of Waterloo. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10012/11088

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Donohue, John Matthew. “Ultrafast manipulation of single photons using dispersion and sum-frequency generation.” 2016. Thesis, University of Waterloo. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/11088.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Donohue, John Matthew. “Ultrafast manipulation of single photons using dispersion and sum-frequency generation.” 2016. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Donohue JM. Ultrafast manipulation of single photons using dispersion and sum-frequency generation. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/11088.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Donohue JM. Ultrafast manipulation of single photons using dispersion and sum-frequency generation. [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/11088

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Temple University

30. Fisher, Reginald. SPATIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LASER FILAMENTS BY DETECTION OF SIGNATURES OF IONIZATION.

Degree: PhD, 2018, Temple University

URL: http://digital.library.temple.edu/u?/p245801coll10,507654

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Physics

Laser filamentation is a phenomenon currently being widely studied in which an ultrashort laser pulse self focuses as a result of the nonliner Kerr… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Optics;

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Fisher, R. (2018). SPATIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LASER FILAMENTS BY DETECTION OF SIGNATURES OF IONIZATION. (Doctoral Dissertation). Temple University. Retrieved from http://digital.library.temple.edu/u?/p245801coll10,507654

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fisher, Reginald. “SPATIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LASER FILAMENTS BY DETECTION OF SIGNATURES OF IONIZATION.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Temple University. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://digital.library.temple.edu/u?/p245801coll10,507654.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fisher, Reginald. “SPATIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LASER FILAMENTS BY DETECTION OF SIGNATURES OF IONIZATION.” 2018. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Fisher R. SPATIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LASER FILAMENTS BY DETECTION OF SIGNATURES OF IONIZATION. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Temple University; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://digital.library.temple.edu/u?/p245801coll10,507654.

Council of Science Editors:

Fisher R. SPATIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LASER FILAMENTS BY DETECTION OF SIGNATURES OF IONIZATION. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Temple University; 2018. Available from: http://digital.library.temple.edu/u?/p245801coll10,507654

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Open Access Theses and Dissertations