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University of Huddersfield
1.
Patten, Daniel.
Interactions of intestinal epithelial cells with bacterial extracellular products.
Degree: 2013, University of Huddersfield
URL: http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/18071/1/dpattenfinalthesis.pdf 
► The enteric microflora represents one of the densest microbial populations in the biological world; as a consequence, the intestinal immune system is constantly exposed to…
(more)
▼ The enteric microflora represents one of the densest microbial populations in the biological world; as a consequence, the intestinal immune system is constantly exposed to high concentrations of antigenic materials. One of the major frontline defences in the innate immune system is the intestinal epithelial layer, which presents both a physical barrier and an immune sensor to the antigens of the lumen. The latter function is performed by the expression of pattern recognition receptors, which recognise a wide variety of bacterial antigens, and the production of inflammatory cytokines, which stimulate, or inhibit, inflammation. The overall aim of the present study was to investigate the immunomodulatory potential of extracellular products, from non-pathogenic bacteria, with intestinal epithelial cells.
Two in vitro human intestinal epithelial cell lines HT29-19A and Caco-2 were shown to exhibit different expression levels of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-10. These differences were reflected in their sensitivity (monitored by IL-8 release) to known TLR agonists, isolated from pathogenic bacteria. Caco-2 cells were also shown to form physiologically active tight junctions, with the formation and maintenance of domes. Both cell lines exhibited sensitivity to the cytotoxic extracellular products of the enteropathogen Clostridium difficile. Extracellular products, in crude cell-free supernatants and bacterial sonicates, from the commensal Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli C25, significantly increased IL-8 release in both cell lines. Lipopolysaccharides and membrane vesicles were shown to contribute to the proinflammatory effects of C25-derived extracellular products. These extracellular products were also shown to regulate bacterial internalisation in both cell lines. Crude cell free supernatants and bacterial sonicates from two lactobacilli strains Lactobacillus acidophilus 5e2 and Lactobacillus helveticus sp. Rosyjski were also found to be biologically active, stimulating IL-8 release and TLR expression modification in both intestinal epithelial cell lines. In addition, ultrapure EPSs, isolated from these lactobacilli strains, were also found to possess immunomodulatory potential. HT29-19A cells, pre-treated with EPSs, were found to be ‘primed’ to bacterial agonists, peptidoglycan and flagellin, with a significantly potentiated release in IL-8 observed. Finally, EPSs were also found to modify bacterial adherence and internalisation in both cell lines.
In conclusion, data presented in this investigation has shown that the use of the intestinal epithelial cell lines, HT29-19A and Caco-2, presents a reasonable model for investigating the interaction of bacterial extracellular products with the intestinal epithelium. Additionally, it has demonstrated that extracellular products, isolated from non pathogenic, enteric-associated bacteria, possess immunomodulatory potential in vitro. If these effects were also to occur in vivo, then they could potentially…
Subjects/Keywords: QH301 Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Patten, D. (2013). Interactions of intestinal epithelial cells with bacterial extracellular products. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Huddersfield. Retrieved from http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/18071/1/dpattenfinalthesis.pdf
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Patten, Daniel. “Interactions of intestinal epithelial cells with bacterial extracellular products.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Huddersfield. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/18071/1/dpattenfinalthesis.pdf.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Patten, Daniel. “Interactions of intestinal epithelial cells with bacterial extracellular products.” 2013. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Patten D. Interactions of intestinal epithelial cells with bacterial extracellular products. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Huddersfield; 2013. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/18071/1/dpattenfinalthesis.pdf.
Council of Science Editors:
Patten D. Interactions of intestinal epithelial cells with bacterial extracellular products. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Huddersfield; 2013. Available from: http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/18071/1/dpattenfinalthesis.pdf
University of Huddersfield
2.
Alyassin, Mohammad.
Extraction of soluble fibre food ingredients within integrated biorefineries.
Degree: 2016, University of Huddersfield
URL: http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/32081/1/FINAL%20THESIS%20%285%29.pdf
► Integrated biorefineries, in which several co-products are produced in ways that exploit interaction opportunities for enhancing efficiency and reviving economics, are necessary in order to…
(more)
▼ Integrated biorefineries, in which several co-products are produced in ways that exploit interaction opportunities for enhancing efficiency and reviving economics, are necessary in order to make bioethanol commercially viable, while offering the opportunity to create new product markets. Arabinoxylans (AX) are potentially a novel class of food ingredients that could be extracted from cereal bran; production of AX involves precipitation with ethanol, hence the extraction could be integrated within bioethanol biorefineries. Having established this as a viable proposition in principle, now greater understanding of the functional properties of arabinoxylans is required, as these properties vary according to feedstock and extraction techniques. In order to investigate functional properties in food systems, significant quantities of AX extracts are necessary. Thus, the objective of the current research is to screen a range of pre-treatments approaches and extraction conditions for the purpose of facilitating the scale-up of AX from two biomass sources, wheat bran and sugarcane bagasse.
AX was extracted at lab-scale from wheat bran (WB) and sugar cane bagasse (SCB) via several extraction methods: alkaline extraction (pH 11.5, 60°C, 4 Hours), alkaline oxidative extraction (pH 11.5, H2O2 2%, 60°C for 4 hours) and enzymatic extraction utilizing three xylanases (β-xylanase, 1,4-β-D-xylanase, and Endo-1,4-β-xylanase) and feruloyl esterase. Several pre-treatment techniques were examined including cellulase treatment for 24 hours, milling and autoclaving. Purification of the extracts was investigated via two methods: firstly, washing the bran (water, 60°C for 20 minutes) prior to the extraction; and secondly, applying amylase and protease during the extraction. The samples were concentrated by ultrafiltration using a 10 kDa membrane, prior to ethanol precipitation, to reduce the ethanol requirement. Crude yields and total protein content were measured for all extracts.
Preliminary results demonstrated that the enzymatic extraction yield was the lowest, ranging between 4.6-9.3% for WB and 7.0-8.2% for SCB, while the alkaline extraction yielded 17.6 and 13.8% for WB and SCB, respectively, and the alkaline oxidative extraction yielded 33.7% for WB and 16.3% for SCB. Autoclaving wasn’t successful in improving the yields, while milling increased the yield from WB and SCB to 39.79% and 18.2%, respectively. Higher yields were obtained by using cellulase pretreatment, reaching 40.12% and 23.8% for WB and SCB, respectively. The protein content in SCB samples was relatively low (0.6-0.8%) and much higher in WB samples (12.7-14.2%). Protease treatment reduced the protein content in the WB extracts to 8.2%. Preliminary monosaccharide analysis utilising HPEAC-PAD was undertaken. Unfortunately, these analyses were not sufficiently reliable, perhaps due to incomplete hydrolysis of samples. Nevertheless, significant progress was made towards understanding the basis for enhancing AX extraction yields from these feedstocks.
Subjects/Keywords: QH301 Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Alyassin, M. (2016). Extraction of soluble fibre food ingredients within integrated biorefineries. (Masters Thesis). University of Huddersfield. Retrieved from http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/32081/1/FINAL%20THESIS%20%285%29.pdf
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Alyassin, Mohammad. “Extraction of soluble fibre food ingredients within integrated biorefineries.” 2016. Masters Thesis, University of Huddersfield. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/32081/1/FINAL%20THESIS%20%285%29.pdf.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Alyassin, Mohammad. “Extraction of soluble fibre food ingredients within integrated biorefineries.” 2016. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Alyassin M. Extraction of soluble fibre food ingredients within integrated biorefineries. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Huddersfield; 2016. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/32081/1/FINAL%20THESIS%20%285%29.pdf.
Council of Science Editors:
Alyassin M. Extraction of soluble fibre food ingredients within integrated biorefineries. [Masters Thesis]. University of Huddersfield; 2016. Available from: http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/32081/1/FINAL%20THESIS%20%285%29.pdf
3.
Ezekiel, Owoyemi Abiodun.
Sir epidemic and predator-prey models of fractional-order.
Degree: mphil, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, 2018, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
URL: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/12109/
► Recently, many deterministic mathematical models such as ordinary differential equations have been extended to fractional models, which are transformed using fractional differential equations. It was…
(more)
▼ Recently, many deterministic mathematical models such as ordinary differential
equations have been extended to fractional models, which are transformed using
fractional differential equations. It was believed that these fractional models are more
realistic to represent the daily life phenomena. The main focus of this report is to
extend the model of a predator-prey and the SIR epidemic models to fractional model.
More specifically, the fractional predator-prey model which depend on the availability
of a biotic resources was discussed. On the other hand, fractional SIR epidemic
model with sub-optimal immunity, nonlinear incidence and saturated recovery rate
was also discussed. The fractional ordinary differential equations were defined in
the sense of the Caputo derivative. Stability analysis of the equilibrium points of the
models for the fractional models were analyzed. Furthermore, the Hopf bifurcation
analysis of each model was investigated . The result obtained showed that the model
undergo Hopf bifurcation for some values. Throughout the project, the Adams-type
predictor-corrector method to obtain the numerical solutions of the fractional models
was applied. All computations were done by using mathematical software, Maple 18.
Subjects/Keywords: QH301 Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Ezekiel, O. A. (2018). Sir epidemic and predator-prey models of fractional-order. (Masters Thesis). Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. Retrieved from http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/12109/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ezekiel, Owoyemi Abiodun. “Sir epidemic and predator-prey models of fractional-order.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/12109/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ezekiel, Owoyemi Abiodun. “Sir epidemic and predator-prey models of fractional-order.” 2018. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Ezekiel OA. Sir epidemic and predator-prey models of fractional-order. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia; 2018. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/12109/.
Council of Science Editors:
Ezekiel OA. Sir epidemic and predator-prey models of fractional-order. [Masters Thesis]. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia; 2018. Available from: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/12109/
4.
Ebrahim, Ali.
Development of serial crystallography methods for synchrotrons and X-ray free-electron lasers.
Degree: PhD, 2020, University of Essex
URL: http://repository.essex.ac.uk/28076/
;
https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.810299
► X-ray crystallography of proteins is a well-established method to identify atomic level molecular arrangement, however when exposing crystalline proteins to ionising radiation, damage can occur…
(more)
▼ X-ray crystallography of proteins is a well-established method to identify atomic level molecular arrangement, however when exposing crystalline proteins to ionising radiation, damage can occur to their overall molecular structure (global damage), while solvated electrons generated by X-rays can induce changes to metal sites within a protein (site-specific damage) (Garman & Weik, 2015). These changes occur quickly, at doses much lower than required to obtain a complete dataset, meaning there may be many metalloproteins deposited in the Protein Data Bank that are incorrect (Bowman, Bridwell-Rabb, & Drennan, 2016). The advent of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) that produce femtosecond pulses of extremely high quality (brilliance) X-ray beams, allows data to be collected before radiation damage has the time to occur (Schlichting, 2015). This thesis will describe the development of novel ‘chip’ based serial data collection and processing strategies, applied at Diamond Light Source microfocus beamline I24, and at BL3 EH2 at the SACLA XFEL, Japan. A technique coined ‘multiple serial structures’ (MSS) has been developed and used in this thesis to assess how crystalline proteins change as a function of X-ray dose, as enzyme reactivity can be driven in crystals by exploiting X- ray generated solvated electrons to drive redox reactions (Horrell et al., 2016). By performing a near identical data collection strategy at the SACLA XFEL, we have been able to directly compare the effects of accumulated dose in MSS datasets to ‘damage free’ XFEL structures, using the same target protein. Chip methods have also been examined and developed in this thesis as a tool to assess the ‘dark progression’ of radiation damage, a technique we have coined ‘dark progression series’ (DPS). Further, we present a data processing technique that possesses the ability to identify protein-ligand complexes from extremely small subsets of synchrotron and XFEL diffraction data, whereby only a few hundred diffraction images may be needed.
Subjects/Keywords: QH301 Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Ebrahim, A. (2020). Development of serial crystallography methods for synchrotrons and X-ray free-electron lasers. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Essex. Retrieved from http://repository.essex.ac.uk/28076/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.810299
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ebrahim, Ali. “Development of serial crystallography methods for synchrotrons and X-ray free-electron lasers.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Essex. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://repository.essex.ac.uk/28076/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.810299.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ebrahim, Ali. “Development of serial crystallography methods for synchrotrons and X-ray free-electron lasers.” 2020. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Ebrahim A. Development of serial crystallography methods for synchrotrons and X-ray free-electron lasers. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Essex; 2020. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://repository.essex.ac.uk/28076/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.810299.
Council of Science Editors:
Ebrahim A. Development of serial crystallography methods for synchrotrons and X-ray free-electron lasers. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Essex; 2020. Available from: http://repository.essex.ac.uk/28076/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.810299
University of Glasgow
5.
Karatza, Angeliki.
Investigating the role of Atypical Chemokine Receptor 3 in cancer development.
Degree: PhD, 2020, University of Glasgow
URL: http://theses.gla.ac.uk/81519/
► Atypical Chemokine Receptor 3 (ACKR3) is a seven-transmembrane spanning receptor with pleiotropic functions in development, homeostasis and pathophysiology. The spatiotemporal expression of ACKR3 is tightly…
(more)
▼ Atypical Chemokine Receptor 3 (ACKR3) is a seven-transmembrane spanning receptor with pleiotropic functions in development, homeostasis and pathophysiology. The spatiotemporal expression of ACKR3 is tightly regulated, a fact that highlights its importance in several biological processes. ACKR3, similar to the other atypical chemokine receptors, does not signal through G proteins. ACKR3 exerts its functions by a) recruiting the β arrestins and b) scavenging its ligands thus shaping their concentration in the extracellular milieu.
ACKR3 expression is often dysregulated in pathophysiological conditions, including cancer. There is a growing body of evidence that implicates ACKR3 in certain types of human cancers.
In the present study, we interrogated publicly available databases of cancer patients in order to assess ACKR3 expression in different types of human cancers. These analyses revealed that ACKR3 is upregulated in several types of human cancers, including lung cancer. To this end, we investigated the role of ACKR3 in cancer progression with a particular focus on lung cancer.
In order to overcome the lack of specific ACKR3 antibodies, we used a GFP fluorescent reporter mouse to assess ACKR3 expression in the different stromal cell populations in the lung. Our approach revealed that ACKR3 is expressed in the fibroblasts, blood and lymphatic endothelial cells in the resting lung. Furthermore, in this study, we tried to address the discrepancies in the literature about ACKR3 expression that is a result of the nonspecific nature of commercially available antibodies. More specifically, we tested commercially available flow cytometry anti-ACKR3 antibodies in the GFP/ACKR3 reporter mouse. Our approach revealed that both of the ACKR3 antibodies that were tested were inefficient in staining but also nonspecific in all the cell populations that were tested.
Subsequently, we employed the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technologies to generate ACKR3 null cancer cell lines that we used subsequently in vivo in different mouse models. Our study identified ACKR3 as a positive regulator in lung cancer progression. Furthermore, ACKR3 was also identified as a crucial player at the early steps of metastasis and colonisation of metastatic circulating tumour cells in the lung. Collectively our data suggest that ACKR3 is a promising candidate for drug targeting in certain types of human lung cancer.
Subjects/Keywords: QH301 Biology
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Karatza, A. (2020). Investigating the role of Atypical Chemokine Receptor 3 in cancer development. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Glasgow. Retrieved from http://theses.gla.ac.uk/81519/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Karatza, Angeliki. “Investigating the role of Atypical Chemokine Receptor 3 in cancer development.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Glasgow. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://theses.gla.ac.uk/81519/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Karatza, Angeliki. “Investigating the role of Atypical Chemokine Receptor 3 in cancer development.” 2020. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Karatza A. Investigating the role of Atypical Chemokine Receptor 3 in cancer development. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Glasgow; 2020. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://theses.gla.ac.uk/81519/.
Council of Science Editors:
Karatza A. Investigating the role of Atypical Chemokine Receptor 3 in cancer development. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Glasgow; 2020. Available from: http://theses.gla.ac.uk/81519/
University of Birmingham
6.
Westgate, Connar Stanley James.
Characterising the phenotype and impact of adipose in idiopathic intracranial hypertension.
Degree: PhD, 2019, University of Birmingham
URL: http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/9002/
;
https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.782348
► Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a rare disease that primarily affects obese women of reproductive age, characterised by raised intracranial pressure (ICP) and papilloedema that…
(more)
▼ Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a rare disease that primarily affects obese women of reproductive age, characterised by raised intracranial pressure (ICP) and papilloedema that drives chronic debilitating headache and visual loss. The aetiology of IIH is uncertain, however it is clear that weight loss is therapeutic and reduces ICP, headache, and visual morbidity. Novel data has highlighted that female IIH patients have an androgen excess phenotype. However the role of adipose tissue and androgens in the pathogenesis of IIH remains unclear. Utilising RNA-sequencing, NMR-based metabolomics and secretomic techniques, it has been identified that ex vivo subcutaneous adipose tissue from female IIH patients has features of glucocorticoid excess including increased lipolysis, ribosomal subunit depletion and a preference for lipid synthesis, driven by intra-adipose cortisol accumulation. Moreover, this phenotype is driving hyperleptinaemia in IIH patients. Additionally, a novel in vitro Na+/K+ ATPase activity assay was developed, which demonstrated that testosterone increases Na+/K+ ATPase activity, suggesting capacity to increase ICP. Together, these data highlight that adipose tissue in IIH has characteristics of glucocorticoid excess, contributing to a specific metabolic phenotype and that testosterone could be driving raised intracranial pressure, highlighting routes for the development of novel therapeutics and treatments for IIH.
Subjects/Keywords: QH301 Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Westgate, C. S. J. (2019). Characterising the phenotype and impact of adipose in idiopathic intracranial hypertension. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Birmingham. Retrieved from http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/9002/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.782348
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Westgate, Connar Stanley James. “Characterising the phenotype and impact of adipose in idiopathic intracranial hypertension.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Birmingham. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/9002/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.782348.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Westgate, Connar Stanley James. “Characterising the phenotype and impact of adipose in idiopathic intracranial hypertension.” 2019. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Westgate CSJ. Characterising the phenotype and impact of adipose in idiopathic intracranial hypertension. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Birmingham; 2019. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/9002/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.782348.
Council of Science Editors:
Westgate CSJ. Characterising the phenotype and impact of adipose in idiopathic intracranial hypertension. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Birmingham; 2019. Available from: http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/9002/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.782348
University of Huddersfield
7.
Brown, Gemma.
Characterisation and structural studies of a superoxide dismutase and OmpA-like proteins from Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato.
Degree: 2016, University of Huddersfield
URL: http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/31870/1/__nas01_librhome_librsh3_Desktop_FINAL%20THESIS%20%283%29.pdf
► Lyme borreliosis is the most common tick-borne, human infection across the Northern hemisphere. The agent responsible, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) covers a family of…
(more)
▼ Lyme borreliosis is the most common tick-borne, human infection across the Northern
hemisphere. The agent responsible, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) covers a family of
Spirochaetes with unique characteristics which are shared by both Gram-negative and Grampositive
bacteria. The outer membrane (OM) is rich in lipoproteins but contains a relatively
low density of integral membrane proteins (OMPs), of these OMPs very few have been
identified and even fewer are well characterised. The OmpA-like transmembrane domain
defined by the Pfam family PF01389 is a 8-stranded membrane spanning β-barrel and is well
conserved among Gram-negative bacteria but to date remains unknown in Spirochaetes.
Building from previous computational work which had sought to identify possible OMPs from
B. burgdorferi s.l. four OmpA-like proteins, BAPKO_0422 (Borrelia afzelii), BB_0562,
BB_0406 (B. burgdorferi) and BG0408 (Borrelia garinii) have been identified and structurally
characterised. The four proteins are encoded by chromosomal genes and highly conserved
between Borrelia species and may be of diagnostic or therapeutic value. Structural
characterisation by both circular dichroism and small angle X-ray scattering suggests these four
proteins adopt a compact globular structure rich in β-strand (~40%) with Ab initio molecular
envelopes resembling a cylindrical peanut shape with dimensions of ~25x45 Å consistent with
an 8-stranded β-barrel. The present work demonstrates that BAPKO_0422 can bind human
factor H (hfH) and some evidence for a further interaction between the BAPKO_0422 protein
and heparin. The interaction with hfH may contribute to the spirochaete’s immune evasion
mechanisms by the inhibition of the complement response.
The zoonotic life-cycle of Borrelia and challenges by the host’s immune system causes an ever
changing environment which often leads to fluctuations of O2 exposure. Although B.
burgdorferi s.l. have a distinct lack of metabolic systems including peroxidases and catalase
enzymes the Spirochaetes genome does encode a single superoxide dismutase gene (sodA -
bb_0157). Previously assigned as a Fe-SOD there has been some debate whether this protein
requires iron or manganese as a co-factor. The present work demonstrates that the B.
burgdorferi enzyme SodA requires manganese for activity and does not display cambialistic
behaviour. Structural and proteomic characterisation suggests the B. burgdorferi SodA enzyme
shares significant sequence similarity to a superoxide dismutase from Thermus thermophilus.
Subjects/Keywords: QH301 Biology
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APA ·
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to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Brown, G. (2016). Characterisation and structural studies of a superoxide dismutase and OmpA-like proteins from Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Huddersfield. Retrieved from http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/31870/1/__nas01_librhome_librsh3_Desktop_FINAL%20THESIS%20%283%29.pdf
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Brown, Gemma. “Characterisation and structural studies of a superoxide dismutase and OmpA-like proteins from Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Huddersfield. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/31870/1/__nas01_librhome_librsh3_Desktop_FINAL%20THESIS%20%283%29.pdf.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Brown, Gemma. “Characterisation and structural studies of a superoxide dismutase and OmpA-like proteins from Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato.” 2016. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Brown G. Characterisation and structural studies of a superoxide dismutase and OmpA-like proteins from Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Huddersfield; 2016. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/31870/1/__nas01_librhome_librsh3_Desktop_FINAL%20THESIS%20%283%29.pdf.
Council of Science Editors:
Brown G. Characterisation and structural studies of a superoxide dismutase and OmpA-like proteins from Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Huddersfield; 2016. Available from: http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/31870/1/__nas01_librhome_librsh3_Desktop_FINAL%20THESIS%20%283%29.pdf
University of Glasgow
8.
Ma, Jiangtao.
A fusion protein based pneumococcal vaccine.
Degree: PhD, 2012, University of Glasgow
URL: http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3314/
► The Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae(pneumococcus) is a major human pathogen, causing Otitis media, pneumonia, bacteraemia and meningitis worldwide. There are over 90 different serotypes of…
(more)
▼ The Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae(pneumococcus) is a major human pathogen, causing Otitis media, pneumonia, bacteraemia and meningitis worldwide. There are over 90 different serotypes of pneumococcus
and current pneumococcal vaccines are somewhat limited in their protection against pneumococcal diseases. Currently available vaccines are based on the capsular polysaccharide. The 23-valent polysaccharide (PSP) vaccine can protect most of adults and children older than five, but it cannot protect children under age 2, immunodeficiency patients and cannot protect the elderly very well. The polysaccharide/ protein conjugated vaccines which are complementary to the 23-valent PS vaccine have been introduced. The PSP conjugate vaccine is highly
immunogenic and protects children under the age of 2 and immunodeficiency patients against invasive pneumococcal diseases, but its efficacy is threatened by strain replacement and serotype switching since it only protects against the limited number of serotypes contained within the vaccine. There is therefore a need to develop improved vaccines against pneumococcal diseases.
Pneumolysin (PLY), a cholesterol dependent cytolysin and an important virulence factor of pneumococcus, can act as a powerful mucosal adjuvant to induce both systemic and mucosal immunity to proteins genetically fused to PLY. Which
regions of PLY are required for the novel adjuvant activity is not currently known. The model antigen eGFP was fused to domain 1-3 of PLY (D123PLY) and domain 4 of PLY (D4PLY) by ligation-dependent DNA recombinant technology during my master project. Balb/c mice were intranasally immunised with
purified eGFPD4PLY or eGFPD123PLY fusion protein and immune response were then monitored by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ELISA data shows truncated PLY lost the adjuvant property and this adjuvant property was
restored in the presence of free PLY or A6PLY when antigen was fused with truncated PLY. The aim of the current work is to determine whether a fusion protein based pneumococcal vaccine can be developed to provide protection against three
pneumococcal strains in animal models of colonisation and invasive diseases. For this purpose, pneumococcal virulence factors, PsaA, PspA, PspC and PhtD were genetically fused to PLY or Δ6PLY separately by In-fusion cloning technology.
Δ6PLY is a toxoid that lacks haemolytic activity but retains the immunogenic and adjuvant activity of PLY. MF1 mice were then vaccinated either intranasally or subcutanously by purified fusion protein antigens and immune responses were also monitored by ELISA; vaccinated mice were finally challenged intranasally by three strains of pneumococcus and monitored for colonisation. The immunity
elicited by pneumococcal antigens fused to PLY/Δ6 PLY is protective in a colonisation model.
Subjects/Keywords: QH301 Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Ma, J. (2012). A fusion protein based pneumococcal vaccine. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Glasgow. Retrieved from http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3314/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ma, Jiangtao. “A fusion protein based pneumococcal vaccine.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Glasgow. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3314/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ma, Jiangtao. “A fusion protein based pneumococcal vaccine.” 2012. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Ma J. A fusion protein based pneumococcal vaccine. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Glasgow; 2012. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3314/.
Council of Science Editors:
Ma J. A fusion protein based pneumococcal vaccine. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Glasgow; 2012. Available from: http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3314/
University of Huddersfield
9.
Dardouri, A.A.K.
Forensic Odontology: Application in the Mediterranean Area.
Degree: 2018, University of Huddersfield
URL: http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/35033/1/FINAL%20THESIS%20-%20Dardouri.pdf
► The use of dentition for identification and age estimation has been well established in the field of forensics, however, the accuracy and validity of various…
(more)
▼ The use of dentition for identification and age estimation has been well established in the field of forensics, however, the accuracy and validity of various methods has not been systematically investigated in a variety of ethnic groups. Dental analysis has been widely employed for personal identification and age estimation due to teeth durability and being resilient to change. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the applicability and reliability of three major dental methods for age estimation, focusing on Libyan population. Three principal dental approaches (dental wear and on shading, third molar maturity index (I3M), and linear regression formula) are explored. Furthermore, cervical vertebrae analysis, which concomitantly used with I3M for age estimation of young people, is also applied in this study.
In the study of age estimation, dental wear and shading are two separate indicators that have to be combined together for best results. Herein, the score and shading data of 412 participants of known age and sex from North Africa (majority from Libya) and England were studied. The participants were classified into 14 age groups of 5-year intervals. A new table has been made for age estimation using shading wear. The results show a good agreement with real age of most participants with minimal errors associated with data analysis. The results also indicate the superiority of tooth wear level investigation over shading method in actual age estimation; 71% of the estimated ages are in agreement with the real age of the participants.
New samples were gathered for the purpose of validation of age estimates; a sample of 918 healthy living Libyan subjects (521 females and 397 males), aged between 14 and 23, was used to analyse the third molar development by assessment of the I3M. The obtained results highlighted the significance of the I3M-based approach to adult age estimation, as 86.4% of the females and 89% of the males were correctly classified. It was also shown that, by using an I3M cut-off value of 0.09 instead of 0.08, an increase of around 3% was achieved in the numbers of individuals correctly identified using the method of Cameriere et al. (2006), when estimating the age of children by measurements of open apices in their teeth. The authors provided a first formula for the Italian population and in 2007, a formula for the European population. In this study, a new formula has been produced for the Libyan populations.
According to the results, Libyan formula is the most accurate method compared with two methods tested in the present study, i.e. Italian and European formulae in Libyan population.
The performance of the age estimation formula developed in thesis for the Libyan population has been compared against two other formulae previously presented in literature for the Italian and the European populations. No statistically significant difference was found between the European and Libyan formula proposed in this thesis, however, a difference was found between when compared with the Italian…
Subjects/Keywords: QH301 Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Dardouri, A. A. K. (2018). Forensic Odontology: Application in the Mediterranean Area. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Huddersfield. Retrieved from http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/35033/1/FINAL%20THESIS%20-%20Dardouri.pdf
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Dardouri, A A K. “Forensic Odontology: Application in the Mediterranean Area.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Huddersfield. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/35033/1/FINAL%20THESIS%20-%20Dardouri.pdf.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Dardouri, A A K. “Forensic Odontology: Application in the Mediterranean Area.” 2018. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Dardouri AAK. Forensic Odontology: Application in the Mediterranean Area. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Huddersfield; 2018. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/35033/1/FINAL%20THESIS%20-%20Dardouri.pdf.
Council of Science Editors:
Dardouri AAK. Forensic Odontology: Application in the Mediterranean Area. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Huddersfield; 2018. Available from: http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/35033/1/FINAL%20THESIS%20-%20Dardouri.pdf
University of Huddersfield
10.
Hockney, Sean.
The Importance of the Transcription Factor p63 in Epidermal Development and Disease: Isoform-based analysis of p63 in keratinocytes.
Degree: 2019, University of Huddersfield
URL: http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/35047/1/FINAL%20THESIS%20-%20Hockney.pdf
► The transcription factor p63 is crucial for the maintenance and development of the epidermis. The p63 protein is encoded by the TP63 gene, which contains…
(more)
▼ The transcription factor p63 is crucial for the maintenance and development of the epidermis. The p63 protein is encoded by the TP63 gene, which contains two distinct promoters giving rise to two major protein isoforms, termed TAp63, and ΔNp63. Mutations in the TP63 gene can lead to severe epidermal disease such as ectrodactyly/ecto-dermal dysplasia and cleft lip/palate (EEC) and ankyloblepharon/ectodermal defects and cleft lip/palate (AEC) syndromes. Within the literature there is conflict as to spatial and temporal expression of the p63 isoforms in developing and differentiating epidermis, with TAp63 appearing to play roles in the early stages of ectodermal development with ΔNp63 thought to be the dominant isoform during the maturation and maintenance of the epidermis. Despite this, recent work has suggested a role for TAp63 in regulating the steps within terminal differentiation of keratinocytes.
To examine this possible role for TAp63 isoforms in terminal differentiation we induced differentiation in 2D cell culture of primary and immortalized keratinocyte lines. Isoform expression, alongside other differentiation markers, were quantified via qRT-PCR. Furthermore, siRNA knockdown systems were developed to knockdown total p63, all TAp63 isoforms and all Beta forms of p63 and qRT-PCR was used to assess knockdown efficiency and effects on isoforms expression and expression of other linked genes.
Results from calcium–induced differentiation of keratinocyte lines from basal cells demonstrated a mirroring expression pattern for both the p63 isoforms with ΔNp63 expression being higher during the early stages of differentiation with its expression decreasing beyond day 8. In comparison, TAp63 expression began to increase at day 8 of differentiation, with its peak expression after day 12 and 13 suggesting a role for this isoform during the terminal stages of differentiation. This was seen in one HaCaT cell line and two primary keratinocyte lines. Expression of other differentiation markers such as FLG, KLF4 and ETS-1 followed expected trends.
Knockdown of total p63, TAp63 isoforms and Beta isoforms provided varying results in two keratinocyte lines. When total p63 was targeted in basal cells, we saw 50-75% knockdown of p63 isoforms suggesting that ΔNp63 was the most prominent isoform at this stage. When TAp63 was targeted, we saw a 60% knockdown efficiency. When Beta isoforms were targeted, we saw between 60 and 80% knockdown efficiency for ΔNp63 and a 30% knockdown efficiency for TAp63. We also demonstrated that expression of ETS-1 was consistent through two keratinocyte lines when each of the siRNA knockdowns were introduced.
We have demonstrated in vitro that the expression of the p63 isoforms shows a clear temporal difference in differentiating keratinocytes. We have further shown that when p63 isoform expression is interfered with, downstream marker expression changes depending on the target. These findings are important for understanding the distinguished roles of each isoform in differentiating…
Subjects/Keywords: QH301 Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Hockney, S. (2019). The Importance of the Transcription Factor p63 in Epidermal Development and Disease: Isoform-based analysis of p63 in keratinocytes. (Masters Thesis). University of Huddersfield. Retrieved from http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/35047/1/FINAL%20THESIS%20-%20Hockney.pdf
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hockney, Sean. “The Importance of the Transcription Factor p63 in Epidermal Development and Disease: Isoform-based analysis of p63 in keratinocytes.” 2019. Masters Thesis, University of Huddersfield. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/35047/1/FINAL%20THESIS%20-%20Hockney.pdf.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hockney, Sean. “The Importance of the Transcription Factor p63 in Epidermal Development and Disease: Isoform-based analysis of p63 in keratinocytes.” 2019. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Hockney S. The Importance of the Transcription Factor p63 in Epidermal Development and Disease: Isoform-based analysis of p63 in keratinocytes. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Huddersfield; 2019. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/35047/1/FINAL%20THESIS%20-%20Hockney.pdf.
Council of Science Editors:
Hockney S. The Importance of the Transcription Factor p63 in Epidermal Development and Disease: Isoform-based analysis of p63 in keratinocytes. [Masters Thesis]. University of Huddersfield; 2019. Available from: http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/35047/1/FINAL%20THESIS%20-%20Hockney.pdf
Cardiff University
11.
Rowson, Benjamin.
Systematics and diversity of the Streptaxidae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): With particular reference to the East African region.
Degree: PhD, 2010, Cardiff University
URL: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54973/
► This thesis addresses the understudied systematics, evolution, biogeography and diversity of the Streptaxidae, a speciose, near pan-tropical family of carnivorous land-snails. A phylogeny of the…
(more)
▼ This thesis addresses the understudied systematics, evolution, biogeography and diversity of the Streptaxidae, a speciose, near pan-tropical family of carnivorous land-snails. A phylogeny of the Streptaxoidea is inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (114 taxa from Africa, the Indian Ocean, Asia, South America and Europe). Streptaxidae are monophyletic while all subfamilies and several genera are polyphyletic. Subfamily-level clades originate in a basal polytomy, unresolved by morphology, dating to the early Cenozoic, perhaps corresponding to a rapid radiation and the key innovation of penial hooks. Several Cenozoic trans-oceanic dispersals are evident. Each major shell morphology, a penial sheath and a dart like genital stimulator show homoplasy. Peak diversity in East Africa results from speciation among numerous relict lineages. The 'streptaxomorph' growth mode unique to certain streptaxids is investigated using Raupian morphometries. In ontogeny, a single deviation of the coiling axis occurs, relating to the angles of inclination of the aperture and between the columellar margin and the axis. This may be an adaptation to environmental regimes. Across taxa streptaxomorphs have relatively narrower shells and larger buccal masses, which may be adaptations to carnivory. A phylogeographic study of Ptychotrema geminatum from forest sites across Uganda is conducted to test competing hypotheses on the location of Pleistocene forest refugia. These were shown to be in low-lying areas of the far west, not montane areas of the south-west, and not on the shores of Lake Victoria. Expansion was episodic and may have involved chance dispersal. Population structure, which is so marked as to suggest cryptic species are present, is not accompanied by morphological change beyond that induced by current environmental conditions. Anatomical data on Streptaxoidea is compiled and considerably added to, to produce a new annotated family- and genus-group classification. Two new subfamilies and at least four new genera are required for known taxa. The megadiverse genus Gulella is redefined and considered to be a species flock within which relationships are unresolved.
Subjects/Keywords: QH301 Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Rowson, B. (2010). Systematics and diversity of the Streptaxidae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): With particular reference to the East African region. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cardiff University. Retrieved from http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54973/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Rowson, Benjamin. “Systematics and diversity of the Streptaxidae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): With particular reference to the East African region.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, Cardiff University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54973/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Rowson, Benjamin. “Systematics and diversity of the Streptaxidae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): With particular reference to the East African region.” 2010. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Rowson B. Systematics and diversity of the Streptaxidae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): With particular reference to the East African region. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2010. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54973/.
Council of Science Editors:
Rowson B. Systematics and diversity of the Streptaxidae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): With particular reference to the East African region. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2010. Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54973/
Cardiff University
12.
Hiscox, Jennifer.
Interspecific interactions between saprotrophic basidiomycetes: effects on ligninolytic enzyme activity, gene expression and metabolite production.
Degree: PhD, 2010, Cardiff University
URL: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54974/
► Interspecific antagonism leads to morphological, biochemical and transcriptional changes in the competing mycelia. Several approaches were used to study interactions: enzyme assays, staining, expression of…
(more)
▼ Interspecific antagonism leads to morphological, biochemical and transcriptional changes in the competing mycelia. Several approaches were used to study interactions: enzyme assays, staining, expression of ligninolytic genes, and analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Laccase and manganese peroxidase (MnP) activities were assayed, and transcript levels of laccase, Mn-repressed peroxidase (MRP), LiP and catalase measured by RT-PCR during interactions between Trametes versicolor and other wood decay fungi on agar plates. Increased laccase activity occurred in all interactions, irrespective of outcome, with expression of a variety of laccase isozymes during growth alone and interactions. The highest laccase and MnP activities were detected in the interaction zone, with minor changes occurring in other regions of interacting mycelia. MnP activity was detected but not expression of MnP genes instead, activity of MRP could explain the observed activity. Whilst no LiP activity was detected in any pairing, low level expression of LiP genes was detected. Any increases in gene expression were probably transient, or missed at the time of sampling. No differences in combative ability or enzyme production were detected between homo- and heterokaryotic isolates of T. versicolor. VOC production was not linked to combative ability, although several constitutive and interaction-specific VOCs were potentially antagonistic. Other VOCs may be involved in the stimulation of laccase activity, or supporting peroxidase activity by the generation of H2O2.
Subjects/Keywords: QH301 Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Hiscox, J. (2010). Interspecific interactions between saprotrophic basidiomycetes: effects on ligninolytic enzyme activity, gene expression and metabolite production. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cardiff University. Retrieved from http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54974/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hiscox, Jennifer. “Interspecific interactions between saprotrophic basidiomycetes: effects on ligninolytic enzyme activity, gene expression and metabolite production.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, Cardiff University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54974/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hiscox, Jennifer. “Interspecific interactions between saprotrophic basidiomycetes: effects on ligninolytic enzyme activity, gene expression and metabolite production.” 2010. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Hiscox J. Interspecific interactions between saprotrophic basidiomycetes: effects on ligninolytic enzyme activity, gene expression and metabolite production. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2010. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54974/.
Council of Science Editors:
Hiscox J. Interspecific interactions between saprotrophic basidiomycetes: effects on ligninolytic enzyme activity, gene expression and metabolite production. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2010. Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54974/
Cardiff University
13.
Andreou, Dimitra.
Sphaerothecum destruens: Life history traits and host range.
Degree: PhD, 2010, Cardiff University
URL: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54976/
► Sphaerothecum destruens is a multi-host parasite which can infect and cause mortality in a number of fish species including Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, Atlantic salmon…
(more)
▼ Sphaerothecum destruens is a multi-host parasite which can infect and cause mortality in a number of fish species including Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, Atlantic salmon S. salar and the sunbleak Leucaspius delineatus. It has been hypothesised that S. destruens has been introduced to the UK with its invasive hosts L. delineatus and topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva. As the effects of a novel parasite to naive populations could be detrimental, this thesis aimed to better elucidate the life cycle of S. destruens, its prevalence in wild populations and the susceptibility of cyprinid species. S. destruens was able to infect multiple organs (kidney, liver, gill, gonad and intestine) with similar histopathology between L. delineatus, a cyprinid species, and the histopathology reported for salmonid species. Its spore and zoospore life stages displayed a wide temperature tolerance and zoosporulation occurred at temperatures between 4-30 C. A survey of one UK location detected S. destruens in a wild L. delineatus population. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction was developed in order to quantify S. destruens' infection levels. Reproductive L. delineatus were more susceptible to S. destruens and experienced higher S. destruens prevalence and infection levels. The presence of a second host, P. parva, had no influence on S. destruens' prevalence and infection levels. However, presence of P. parva resulted in significantly lower somatic condition in parasitized female L. delineatus. Exposure to S. destruens through immersion in water containing S. destruens spores revealed that bream Abramis brama and carp Cyprinus carpio were susceptible to S. destruens. A. brama experienced high (53 %) mortalities when exposed to S. destruens whilst C. carpio experienced low (8 %) mortalities. The susceptibility of roach Rutilus rutilus and rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus could not be excluded and needs to be further investigated.
Subjects/Keywords: QH301 Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Andreou, D. (2010). Sphaerothecum destruens: Life history traits and host range. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cardiff University. Retrieved from http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54976/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Andreou, Dimitra. “Sphaerothecum destruens: Life history traits and host range.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, Cardiff University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54976/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Andreou, Dimitra. “Sphaerothecum destruens: Life history traits and host range.” 2010. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Andreou D. Sphaerothecum destruens: Life history traits and host range. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2010. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54976/.
Council of Science Editors:
Andreou D. Sphaerothecum destruens: Life history traits and host range. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2010. Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54976/
Cardiff University
14.
Rauf, Kani Mustafa.
Astronomical relevance of materials from earth and space: a laboratory study.
Degree: PhD, 2010, Cardiff University
URL: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55014/
► The present study used scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX) and spectroscopy (FTIR, UV-Visible and fluorescence) to examine terrestrial materials…
(more)
▼ The present study used scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX) and spectroscopy (FTIR, UV-Visible and fluorescence) to examine terrestrial materials of possible astronomical significance (Oedogonium sp., Enteromopha intestinalis, Pelvetia canaliculata, Fucus vesiculosus, Bacillus cereus, Staphyllococcus aureus, poppy seed, chlorophylls 'a' and 'b', Panicum maximum, anthracite, bituminous coal, naphthalene), the Tagish lake and Carancas meteorites, a Kerala red rain sample and stratospheric air particles collected at altitudes of 38-41 km. The study was designed to determine if any of the terrestrial samples could be proposed as an effective model for the interpretation of astronomical spectroscopic observations. The study also set out to search for evidence to shed light on the origin of these meteorites, red rain and stratospheric air particles. The spectra of all the terrestrial samples (including the meteorites) exhibited absorptions in the Mid-IR region, similar to astronomical features displayed by a variety of galactic sources. Algae (Odeogonium sp.) in particular produced the largest number of absorption peaks, most of which matched those of the astronomical emission spectra of PPNe and also the UIBs. Based on these observations, algae could be defended as a biological model for the interpretation of UIBs and PPNe, and a potential candidate for interstellar material. Coal and semi anthracite, that can be regarded as steps in the degradation of biomaterial, preserve the UIB-PPNe spectral features to varying degrees. The results are consistent with the panspermia theory of Hoyle and Wickramasinghe. UV-Visible studies were also conducted on all these materials. The main absorption feature was one close to 217.5 nm (2175 A). The normalized (averaged) spectrum of the whole sequence of biological materials and their degradation products absorption feature at 217.5 nm (2175 A) further support the contention that aromatic molecules in biological materials are responsible for the interstellar absorption feature centred at 217.5 nm.
Subjects/Keywords: QH301 Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Rauf, K. M. (2010). Astronomical relevance of materials from earth and space: a laboratory study. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cardiff University. Retrieved from http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55014/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Rauf, Kani Mustafa. “Astronomical relevance of materials from earth and space: a laboratory study.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, Cardiff University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55014/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Rauf, Kani Mustafa. “Astronomical relevance of materials from earth and space: a laboratory study.” 2010. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Rauf KM. Astronomical relevance of materials from earth and space: a laboratory study. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2010. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55014/.
Council of Science Editors:
Rauf KM. Astronomical relevance of materials from earth and space: a laboratory study. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2010. Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55014/
Cardiff University
15.
Smithen, Matthew James.
Novel roles for RANK, ERK and Akt in sensory and sympathetic neuronal populations.
Degree: PhD, 2010, Cardiff University
URL: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55035/
► A PCR screen, conducted in a previous study, to identify novel candidates involved in regulating the survival and growth of developing neurons, identified transcripts for…
(more)
▼ A PCR screen, conducted in a previous study, to identify novel candidates involved in regulating the survival and growth of developing neurons, identified transcripts for the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily member receptor activator of NF-kB (RANK) in the experimentally tractable sensory neurons of the mouse nodose, trigeminal and superior cervical ganglia. Immunohistochemistry revealed coexpression of RANK, together with its ligand, RANKL, and osteoprotegerin (OPG), a decoy receptor, in all nodose, trigeminal and superior cervical gangia neurons in neonates. Over-expressing RANK inhibited BDNF- and CNTF-promoted neurite growth in nodose neurons, and NGF-promoted neurite growth in SCG and trigeminal neurons, without affecting neuronal survival. This effect was seen across a range of developmental ages, from embryonic timepoints, to postnatal ages, suggesting a fundamental role for this receptor in regulating neurotrophin-mediated neurite growth. Investigations revealed the requirement of TRAF2, NIK, IKKp and NF-kB, but not TRAF6 or IKKa, for RANK-mediated inhibition of BDNF-mediated neuritic outgrowth from nodose neurons at a time when neurons are extending axons and ramifying in their targets. Exploration of other possible RANK signalling mediators revealed a role for the important intracellular kinases, MEK and Akt, in the regulation of BDNF- mediated neuritic outgrowth from early postnatal nodose neurons. Akt was found to positively regulate BDNF-mediated neuritic outgrowth, while MEK negatively regulates the outgrowth mediated by this neurotrophin.
Subjects/Keywords: QH301 Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Smithen, M. J. (2010). Novel roles for RANK, ERK and Akt in sensory and sympathetic neuronal populations. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cardiff University. Retrieved from http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55035/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Smithen, Matthew James. “Novel roles for RANK, ERK and Akt in sensory and sympathetic neuronal populations.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, Cardiff University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55035/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Smithen, Matthew James. “Novel roles for RANK, ERK and Akt in sensory and sympathetic neuronal populations.” 2010. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Smithen MJ. Novel roles for RANK, ERK and Akt in sensory and sympathetic neuronal populations. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2010. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55035/.
Council of Science Editors:
Smithen MJ. Novel roles for RANK, ERK and Akt in sensory and sympathetic neuronal populations. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2010. Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55035/
Cardiff University
16.
Davey, Jeffrey Stewart.
Intraguild predation among generalist predators in winter wheat.
Degree: PhD, 2010, Cardiff University
URL: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55042/
► Modern annual arable crops are susceptible to outbreaks of pests due mainly to the uniform habitats that agricultural fields represent. Cereals are particularly prone to…
(more)
▼ Modern annual arable crops are susceptible to outbreaks of pests due mainly to the uniform habitats that agricultural fields represent. Cereals are particularly prone to infestations of aphids, which may damage the crop directly through herbivory, or indirectly by acting as vectors of disease. These insects, however, have a large range of invertebrate natural enemies, which under certain circumstances, can maintain infestations below economically damaging levels. Greater habitat complexity at landscape and farm scale usually leads to more diverse assemblages of natural enemies at the field scale, but such diversity less often translates to a higher risk for pests. When higher natural enemy diversity is associated with lower levels of pest control, intraguild predation (IGP) is often cited as one of the primary antagonsitic mechanisms. IGP occurs where predators not only compete for the same resource, but also partake in a trophic interaction with one another. Controlled experiments suggest that the niche proximity of predators relative to each other and their shared prey may help predict the outcome of multiple- predator interactions. The primary aim of this thesis was to assess levels of IGP amongst generalist invertebrate predators and to elucidate their spatial patterns, in fields of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum), an important cereal crop in North-West Europe. The chief objective was to establish the regulatory abilities of these predators in the control of aphids. Post-mortem gut content analysis using PCR was used to establish the intensity of IGP by two polyphagous predators, the carabid beetles Pterostichus melanrius and P. madidus, on a number of insectivorous linyphiid spiders and their shared aphid prey. Each of the spiders tested was found to suffer IGP. Predation rates were adjusted using data from controlled feeding trials and resampled using Monte Carlo models to test the hypothesis that predation was density-dependent. In one experiment, the web-occupying linyphiid Tenuiphantes tenuis was consumed by up to a third of P. melanarius. Predation rates by carabids on the linyphiid Bathyphantes gracilis were consistently lower than expected. B. gracilis also relies principally on its web to capture prey, but builds these webs significantly higher in the wheat stem than T. tenuis. Preferences for intraguild prey species more likely to hunt aphids on the ground, the tetragnathid spider Pachygnatha degeeri, and the linyphiids Erigone spp. (E. atra and E. dentipalpis, were less consistent than those species more dependent on their webs to hunt aphids and other prey. While many factors may contribute to the outcomes of multi-predator interactions, these findings broadly supported the hypothesis that niche proximity of intraguild predators is positively related to levels of disruption due to intraguild interactions.
Subjects/Keywords: QH301 Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Davey, J. S. (2010). Intraguild predation among generalist predators in winter wheat. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cardiff University. Retrieved from http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55042/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Davey, Jeffrey Stewart. “Intraguild predation among generalist predators in winter wheat.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, Cardiff University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55042/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Davey, Jeffrey Stewart. “Intraguild predation among generalist predators in winter wheat.” 2010. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Davey JS. Intraguild predation among generalist predators in winter wheat. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2010. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55042/.
Council of Science Editors:
Davey JS. Intraguild predation among generalist predators in winter wheat. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2010. Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55042/
Cardiff University
17.
Mohd Salleh, Faezah.
Senescence and oxidative stress in wallflowers and Arabidopsis.
Degree: PhD, 2011, Cardiff University
URL: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55100/
► Reactive oxygen species (ROS) together with other signalling molecules including phytohormones regulate plant growth and senescence as well as responses to abiotic stress and pathogens.…
(more)
▼ Reactive oxygen species (ROS) together with other signalling molecules including phytohormones regulate plant growth and senescence as well as responses to abiotic stress and pathogens. One aim of this thesis was to investigate how ROS and phytohormones regulate progression of senescence in wallflower petals. A second aim of this thesis was to investigate how SAG21, previously found to be elevated in wallflower petals, functions during development, senescence and stress in the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. In wallflowers (Chapter 3), onset of petal senescence was characterized by a rise in ethylene and auxin, followed by ROS accumulation. In parallel, transcript levels for markers of senescence, ethylene biosynthesis and auxin-response also increased with age. However, SAG21 peaked earlier, before visible senescence. Treatments that aimed to increase cytokinin levels or reduce ethylene delayed progression of senescence and time to petal abscission compared to controls. In contrast, ethylene hastened both processes. Marker genes analysed displayed differential expression patterns. Patterns of ROS-related enzyme activity (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) were also investigated in relation to wallflower petal and leaf senescence. SAG21 (previously named AtLEA5 in Arabidopsis) belongs to the late embryogenesis- associated (LEA) protein family, implicated in growth and redox responses. A SAG21-YFP fusion was localized to Arabidopsis mitochondria (Chapter 4). Over-expression (OEX) of SAG21 in Arabidopsis resulted in increased root and shoot biomass, whereas antisense (AS) lines exhibited reduced biomass. Root and shoot development, flowering and senescence were altered in transgenic lines. Transgenic lines exhibited marked root hair phenotypes (Chapter 5). Abiotic stress induced stress induced SAG21 expression in roots but not leaves. Growth of B. cinerea and of a virulent bacterial pathogen {Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato) was affected by SAG21 expression, however growth of an avirulent P.syringae strain was unaffected (Chapter 6). These data show that SAG21 is regulated by a complex signalling network.
Subjects/Keywords: QH301 Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Mohd Salleh, F. (2011). Senescence and oxidative stress in wallflowers and Arabidopsis. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cardiff University. Retrieved from http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55100/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mohd Salleh, Faezah. “Senescence and oxidative stress in wallflowers and Arabidopsis.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Cardiff University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55100/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mohd Salleh, Faezah. “Senescence and oxidative stress in wallflowers and Arabidopsis.” 2011. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Mohd Salleh F. Senescence and oxidative stress in wallflowers and Arabidopsis. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2011. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55100/.
Council of Science Editors:
Mohd Salleh F. Senescence and oxidative stress in wallflowers and Arabidopsis. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2011. Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55100/
Cardiff University
18.
Woodgate, Joseph L.
Song, stress and female preferences in the zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata.
Degree: PhD, 2010, Cardiff University
URL: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55476/
► The developmental stress hypothesis proposes that complex songs evolved as honest signals of developmental history. I tested the mate choice behaviour of female zebra finches,…
(more)
▼ The developmental stress hypothesis proposes that complex songs evolved as honest signals of developmental history. I tested the mate choice behaviour of female zebra finches, Taeniopygia guttata, that had been reared under control conditions or nutritional stress. In a visual mate choice experiment, neither control nor stressed females showed agreement in preference but stressed females were less active than controls, and moved less often between stimulus males. In an acoustic choice experiment, females preferred complex songs to simplified ones, but stressed and control females did not differ in the direction or strength of song preferences. These findings suggest that quality of the rearing environment does not affect females' ability to discriminate between male signals, but could have long term, context-dependent effects on choosiness or other aspects of female choice behaviour. In contrast to previous studies, I found no difference between stressed and control males in brain or song characteristics. I calculated the relative influence of environmental and genetic factors on neutral development and song structure, finding evidence that song might signal information regarding both developmental history and genetic quality. I recorded male songs from wild zebra finches in a breeding colony in New South Wales. Song structure in this population predicted a male's reproductive success but not his morphology, or that of his mate. Finally, I summarize the evidence for the developmental stress hypothesis and suggest areas for further research. Together, my results illustrate the importance of understanding the consequences of early environmental conditions for female choice and male attractiveness.
Subjects/Keywords: QH301 Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Woodgate, J. L. (2010). Song, stress and female preferences in the zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cardiff University. Retrieved from http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55476/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Woodgate, Joseph L. “Song, stress and female preferences in the zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, Cardiff University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55476/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Woodgate, Joseph L. “Song, stress and female preferences in the zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata.” 2010. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Woodgate JL. Song, stress and female preferences in the zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2010. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55476/.
Council of Science Editors:
Woodgate JL. Song, stress and female preferences in the zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2010. Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55476/
Cardiff University
19.
Hockley, Frances Anne.
Modification of fish behaviour by parasites under variable flow conditions.
Degree: PhD, 2014, Cardiff University
URL: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/69706/
► Fish populations are increasingly under threat by anthropogenic habitat modification. As demands on rivers have increased through increased human activity, resultant watercourse manipulations have altered…
(more)
▼ Fish populations are increasingly under threat by anthropogenic habitat modification. As demands on rivers have increased through increased human activity, resultant watercourse manipulations have altered the natural flow regime. However, it is unclear how diseased fish react to variable flow conditions in terms of their behaviour and swimming ability. This thesis addresses fundamental questions about the interaction between flow hydraulics and fish behaviour using two popular model systems: Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) and three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Firstly it was found that guppies shoaled less when a member was infected with Gyrodactylus turnbulli but the magnitude of this effect was greater in the absence of flow (Chapter 2). Over time, the shoaling behaviour of guppies in the static flow condition reduced as parasite prevalence increased. In the flow condition, however, this effect was not observed, which resulted in higher peak prevalence of the parasite (Chapter 3). Sticklebacks utilised the lower flow velocities near the bed boundary layer to improve anaerobic and aerobic swimming performance but their natural parasite fauna had little effect on their swimming ability (Chapters 4 and 5). Guppies of different size, sex and parasite load utilised different regions around boulders to refuge from undesirable hydraulic conditions (Chapter 6). Finally, the impact of an invasive nematode Anguillicoloides crassus on the swimming behaviour of downstream migrating European eels (Anguilla anguilla) was investigated (Chapter 7). The parasite reduced burst swimming ability of the eels, which may have a knock-on effect for migration. In summary, this thesis demonstrates the importance of flow heterogeneity within a river system to provide shelter for smaller or weaker fish in poor health. River managers need to carefully consider any adaptation of flow regimes to provide appropriate flow conditions for resident species displaying a range of microhabitat requirements.
Subjects/Keywords: QH301 Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Hockley, F. A. (2014). Modification of fish behaviour by parasites under variable flow conditions. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cardiff University. Retrieved from http://orca.cf.ac.uk/69706/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hockley, Frances Anne. “Modification of fish behaviour by parasites under variable flow conditions.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Cardiff University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://orca.cf.ac.uk/69706/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hockley, Frances Anne. “Modification of fish behaviour by parasites under variable flow conditions.” 2014. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Hockley FA. Modification of fish behaviour by parasites under variable flow conditions. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/69706/.
Council of Science Editors:
Hockley FA. Modification of fish behaviour by parasites under variable flow conditions. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2014. Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/69706/
Cardiff University
20.
Asadi, Romisa.
Development of genetic control technology for Tephritid pests.
Degree: PhD, 2015, Cardiff University
URL: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/72611/
► The olive fly, Bactrocera oleae, is the single most important pest in olive plantations. Currently, control of olive fly relies on the heavy use of…
(more)
▼ The olive fly, Bactrocera oleae, is the single most important pest in olive plantations. Currently, control of olive fly relies on the heavy use of chemical pesticides. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is a highly effective, species-specific and environmentally non-polluting method of pest control that involves the mass-release of sterilised insects. SIT is considered a potentially valuable method for the control of olive fly. Previous olive fly SIT attempts failed due to an inability to produce large numbers of flies, low egg production rates and lack of a method to separate the sexes.
RIDL (Release of Insects carrying a Dominant Lethal) is a biotechnology-based variant of SIT. This could potentially overcome several problems of classical SIT, including the radiation damage to insects. To develop fly male sterility, we have identified and tested several different germline specific promoters and several potential effector genes. These have been linked to the ‘tet-off’ expression system, which is suppressed by dietary tetracycline, and were initially tested in the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) for practicality. In the absence of tetracycline, tTAV binds to its target sequence, tetO, and activates expression of downstream genes. Flies carrying a promoter construct (topi-tTAV or β2-tubulin-tTAV) in medfly were crossed to flies carrying effector constructs (tetO-I-ppoI, tetO-3zincfinger or tetO-ProtamineFokI). A combination of β2-tubulin-tTAV and tetO-ProtamineFokI gave the best male sterility in medfly.
A construct containing both elements was designed, and transposon-based germline transformation was used to generate and test ten olive fly strains. Progeny assessment off tetracycline indicates high penetrance of the male-sterile phenotype in all strains, with only 0.0-2.4% viable progeny; this sterile phenotype appears to be completely suppressed by provision of dietary tetracycline.
Subjects/Keywords: QH301 Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Asadi, R. (2015). Development of genetic control technology for Tephritid pests. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cardiff University. Retrieved from http://orca.cf.ac.uk/72611/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Asadi, Romisa. “Development of genetic control technology for Tephritid pests.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Cardiff University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://orca.cf.ac.uk/72611/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Asadi, Romisa. “Development of genetic control technology for Tephritid pests.” 2015. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Asadi R. Development of genetic control technology for Tephritid pests. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2015. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/72611/.
Council of Science Editors:
Asadi R. Development of genetic control technology for Tephritid pests. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2015. Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/72611/
Cardiff University
21.
Gillingham, Emma.
The effect of climate on host-parasite interactions.
Degree: PhD, 2015, Cardiff University
URL: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/84409/
► Ecological systems are responding to changes in climate, and due to their ubiquitous nature, parasites will not be exempt from such changes. Understanding the effect…
(more)
▼ Ecological systems are responding to changes in climate, and due to their ubiquitous nature, parasites will not be exempt from such changes. Understanding the effect that global climate change will have on parasites is of utmost importance, because there will be climate-driven implications for them and their hosts. This thesis addresses fundamental questions about the effect that a changing global climate will have on host-parasite interactions. First, a meta-analysis investigating general trends of parasites exposed to climatic perturbations found that warmer temperatures increased parasite abundance, did not affect fecundity and accelerated development time (Chapter 2). Field experiments were conducted in the Italian Alps, focussing on the yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) and its parasites as a model system. Low altitudinal sites (500 m) were significantly warmer and less humid than high altitudinal sites (1400 m), and as such, the change in altitude was used as a proxy for climate change. The effect of climate, host factors and parasite infection on one parasite life-history trait, in utero fecundity, was examined, and female hosts at low altitude harboured the least fecund parasites, which was posed to be driven by male-biased sex ratios in this cohort (Chapter 3). The effect of coinfecting parasites on the egg shedding-infection load relationship was further investigated, and this relationship was altered in coinfected hosts (Chapter 4). Interactions between coinfecting ectoparasites and helminths were quantified, and were found to be driven by host biology and climatic conditions (Chapter 5). Finally, infection with tick-borne endosymbionts and/or pathogens on tick behaviour was examined, and ticks infected with endosymbionts emigrated from dead hosts faster than uninfected individuals (Chapter 6). This thesis highlights the importance of considering the effect of host biology and coinfecting parasites in combination with climate when investigating the effect that future climatic changes may have on host-parasite interactions.
Subjects/Keywords: QH301 Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Gillingham, E. (2015). The effect of climate on host-parasite interactions. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cardiff University. Retrieved from http://orca.cf.ac.uk/84409/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Gillingham, Emma. “The effect of climate on host-parasite interactions.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Cardiff University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://orca.cf.ac.uk/84409/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Gillingham, Emma. “The effect of climate on host-parasite interactions.” 2015. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Gillingham E. The effect of climate on host-parasite interactions. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2015. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/84409/.
Council of Science Editors:
Gillingham E. The effect of climate on host-parasite interactions. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2015. Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/84409/
Cardiff University
22.
Pritchard, Clare.
Deciphering the in vivo role of the Drosophila RNA-binding protein Imp in cell motility.
Degree: PhD, 2016, Cardiff University
URL: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/85519/
► Cultured motile cells show a highly enriched belt of actin at the tip of their lamellipodial protrusions, termed the leading edge. It is at this…
(more)
▼ Cultured motile cells show a highly enriched belt of actin at the tip of their lamellipodial protrusions, termed the leading edge. It is at this leading edge that researchers have uncovered pools of highly localized mRNAs encoding actin and actin-regulatory proteins, including β-actin, Profilin, Cofilin and all seven subunits of the Arp2/3 complex, whose local translation is then required for proper cell migration. The localization and local translation of these mRNAs are regulated by RNA-binding proteins, including Imp, which localizes β-actin mRNA at the leading edge. However, published studies have so far failed to determine if Imp is required to localize β-actin mRNA and/or other mRNAs at the leading edge of migratory cells in vivo.
Our examination of Drosophila embryonic macrophage migration in vivo revealed that actin is not enriched at the leading edge, compared with cultured macrophages, demonstrating that a single cell population employs different mechanisms of cytoskeletal arrangement when migrating in vivo, compared with an ex vivo migration along a 2D substrate. It is therefore not surprising that we did not observe Imp at the leading edge of macrophages in vivo. However, overexpression of Imp reduced both the velocity and directionality of macrophages and inhibited cell-to-cell contact inhibition, suggesting a defect in microtubule dynamics, although we have yet to establish a mechanism for this.
We show that Imp binds the 3’UTR of β-actin, profilin, and β-integrin mRNAs and reveal three sites of primary sequence that are required for Imp binding to β-actin mRNA. Our results suggest that, in contrast to cultured migratory cells, β-actin mRNA is unlikely to be localized to, and locally translated, at the leading edge of macrophages in vivo. However, cytoplasmic mRNA regulation is likely to play some kind of role in cell migration, as revealed by overexpression of Imp, which impairs macrophage motility.
This thesis highlights a crucial requirement for studies to determine the mechanisms of cytoplasmic mRNA regulation in motile cells in vivo, which appear to be distinct from those employed in some cultured cells.
Subjects/Keywords: QH301 Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Pritchard, C. (2016). Deciphering the in vivo role of the Drosophila RNA-binding protein Imp in cell motility. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cardiff University. Retrieved from http://orca.cf.ac.uk/85519/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Pritchard, Clare. “Deciphering the in vivo role of the Drosophila RNA-binding protein Imp in cell motility.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Cardiff University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://orca.cf.ac.uk/85519/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Pritchard, Clare. “Deciphering the in vivo role of the Drosophila RNA-binding protein Imp in cell motility.” 2016. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Pritchard C. Deciphering the in vivo role of the Drosophila RNA-binding protein Imp in cell motility. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2016. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/85519/.
Council of Science Editors:
Pritchard C. Deciphering the in vivo role of the Drosophila RNA-binding protein Imp in cell motility. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2016. Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/85519/
Cardiff University
23.
Gardner, Oliver.
The regulation of human mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis through multiaxial load.
Degree: PhD, 2015, Cardiff University
URL: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/86970/
► The repair of damaged articular cartilage remains a clinical problem despite the development of numerous surgical approaches for cartilage regeneration. As result new options for…
(more)
▼ The repair of damaged articular cartilage remains a clinical problem despite the
development of numerous surgical approaches for cartilage regeneration. As result
new options for therapeutic approaches are being sought. One of the candidate cell
types for cartilage repair are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These cells can be
isolated from a number of different tissues and have the ability to differentiate down
several different mesenchymal lineages. This thesis focused on the use of MSCs for
repairing damaged articular cartilage. Specifically I investigated the effect of producing
regenerative medicine type constructs containing different populations of MSCs on the
induction of chondrogenesis in response to mechanical load, compared the induction of
chondrogenesis in MSCs through the application of exogenous TGF-β1 and multiaxial
mechanical load and identified potentially novel markers of MSC chondrogenesis.
The results presented in this thesis show that the induction of chondrogenesis in MSCs
can be manipulated by producing constructs that contain separate populations of
MSCs. The work demonstrated that seeding a layer of MSCs on the loaded surface of
a fibrin-poly(ester-urethane) scaffold could increase the deposition of histologically
detectable matrix. However, it was not possible to determine the mechanism
responsible for this.
Comparison of the secretomes of MSCs stimulated with TGF-β1 and mechanical load
showed that these two forms of chondrogenic stimulation are not analogous and that a
number of markers, including GRO and MMP13 may be useful for monitoring the
progression of MSCs through chondrogenesis and hypertrophy.
These data provide further insights into the effect of joint-like load on MSCs within
tissue engineering/regenerative medicine style constructs, and the chondrogenic
response of MSCs to this stimulation, which may prove to be useful for the
development of constructs for cartilage repair.
Subjects/Keywords: QH301 Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Gardner, O. (2015). The regulation of human mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis through multiaxial load. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cardiff University. Retrieved from http://orca.cf.ac.uk/86970/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Gardner, Oliver. “The regulation of human mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis through multiaxial load.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Cardiff University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://orca.cf.ac.uk/86970/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Gardner, Oliver. “The regulation of human mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis through multiaxial load.” 2015. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Gardner O. The regulation of human mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis through multiaxial load. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2015. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/86970/.
Council of Science Editors:
Gardner O. The regulation of human mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis through multiaxial load. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2015. Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/86970/
Cardiff University
24.
Harwood, Janet C.
Defining the chromatin structure of the human genome using size-selected nucleosome mapping.
Degree: PhD, 2015, Cardiff University
URL: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/89692/
► The work in this thesis examines genome-wide and local changes in the patterns of nucleosome positioning throughout the human genome. Nucleosomes are the fundamental repeating…
(more)
▼ The work in this thesis examines genome-wide and local changes in the patterns of nucleosome positioning throughout the human genome. Nucleosomes are the fundamental repeating unit of chromatin. Their properties and positioning in the genome dictate whether and how proteins involved in gene regulation can access DNA. Nucleosomes are dynamic; their positions can vary considerably at some loci from one cell type to another. Chromatin remodelling complexes can change the structure and the positions of nucleosomes. Their mis-regulation leads to congenital defects affecting pre-natal and early childhood development and is associated with neuro-psychiatric disorders. As mutations in genes that encode chromatin remodelling proteins are associated with human mental health disorders, the work in this thesis focusses on changes that occur in chromatin structure during early neural development.
I have used MNase-seq data to construct genome-wide, high-resolution chromatin particle positioning maps from undifferentiated human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) and following differentiation to the neuro-progenitor cell (NPC) stage. These maps reveal that a small proportion of the pluripotent genome possesses well-positioned nucleosomes, the number of which increases approximately 8-fold during neural cell development. This is accompanied by changes in the distribution and localisation of nucleosomes between iPS and NPC cells.
Differences in nucleosome positioning during neural cell differentiation were investigated at regulatory regions. Loss and gain of positioned nucleosomes at TSS of pluripotent and neural-specific genes was detected and correlated with gene expression. In addition I investigated the chromatin structure at the binding motifs of two important genome regulators REST and CTCF in detail. Nucleosome positioning is maintained at REST binding motifs during neural cell development. In contrast, at CTCF sites nucleosome repositioning occurs during neural cell development. This work provides insight into the role of chromatin structure in the regulation of human neural cell differentiation.
Subjects/Keywords: QH301 Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Harwood, J. C. (2015). Defining the chromatin structure of the human genome using size-selected nucleosome mapping. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cardiff University. Retrieved from http://orca.cf.ac.uk/89692/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Harwood, Janet C. “Defining the chromatin structure of the human genome using size-selected nucleosome mapping.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Cardiff University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://orca.cf.ac.uk/89692/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Harwood, Janet C. “Defining the chromatin structure of the human genome using size-selected nucleosome mapping.” 2015. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Harwood JC. Defining the chromatin structure of the human genome using size-selected nucleosome mapping. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2015. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/89692/.
Council of Science Editors:
Harwood JC. Defining the chromatin structure of the human genome using size-selected nucleosome mapping. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2015. Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/89692/
Cardiff University
25.
Pearson, Caitlin E.
Effects of agricultural intensification on the ecology of upland stream invertebrate communities.
Degree: PhD, 2015, Cardiff University
URL: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/91332/
► Agricultural land use is a leading cause of habitat degradation and biodiversity loss in streams. Understanding the mechanisms by which land use change affects stream…
(more)
▼ Agricultural land use is a leading cause of habitat degradation and biodiversity loss in streams. Understanding the mechanisms by which land use change affects stream ecosystems is essential for their effective management. Despite this, the consequences of agricultural intensification for community composition and ecosystem functioning in streams remain poorly resolved.
Using national-scale monitoring data and new field data from upland streams in South Wales, this study investigated the effects of pastoral intensification on the community composition, functional diversity and feeding interactions of stream macroinvertebrates. A combination of analytical tools were used, including propensity modelling, ecological traits, stable isotopes and Next Generation DNA sequencing to quantify diet.
Taxonomic and functional diversity had non-linear relationships with pastoral intensity, declining beyond a threshold of 4 mg L-1 nitrate and 8% fine sediment cover. This decline occurred as a non-random loss of species possessing specific traits, including large body size and lack of resistance forms. Although monitoring data showed that at a UK-wide scale pastoral agriculture (cf. other land uses) had a positive effect on richness and sensitive species representation, the threshold intensity at which effects become negative is exceeded in many locations within the U.K. and globally.
Invertebrates that feed by grazing algae were particularly vulnerable to agricultural stressors. Combined with changes in the availability and quality of basal resources with pastoral intensification, this decline in grazer representation resulted in invertebrate communities becoming increasingly reliant on detrital resources. Further, there was indication that methane-derived carbon contributed to the food web in high intensity sites, which has not previously been observed in upland streams. Although only relatively minor changes were observed in predator-prey interactions across the intensity gradient, there was a suggestion of simplification of the food web in high intensity sites. Together these changes could radically alter ecosystem properties such as secondary production, nutrient processing and resilience.
Overall, the results highlight the management priorities of reducing fine sediment and nutrient inputs to agricultural streams. The identification of a threshold at which agricultural effects become deleterious will assist in guiding mitigation efforts. Further work is required to determine the generality of this threshold across stream ecosystems.
Subjects/Keywords: QH301 Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Pearson, C. E. (2015). Effects of agricultural intensification on the ecology of upland stream invertebrate communities. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cardiff University. Retrieved from http://orca.cf.ac.uk/91332/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Pearson, Caitlin E. “Effects of agricultural intensification on the ecology of upland stream invertebrate communities.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Cardiff University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://orca.cf.ac.uk/91332/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Pearson, Caitlin E. “Effects of agricultural intensification on the ecology of upland stream invertebrate communities.” 2015. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Pearson CE. Effects of agricultural intensification on the ecology of upland stream invertebrate communities. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2015. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/91332/.
Council of Science Editors:
Pearson CE. Effects of agricultural intensification on the ecology of upland stream invertebrate communities. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2015. Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/91332/
Cardiff University
26.
Thomas, Mairian.
Developing and utilising a mouse mammary organoid model.
Degree: PhD, 2016, Cardiff University
URL: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/97191/
► The mammary gland is a complex organ, relying upon multiple cell types and signalling pathways to orchestrate its predominantly postnatal development. To obtain a detailed…
(more)
▼ The mammary gland is a complex organ, relying upon multiple cell types and signalling pathways to orchestrate its predominantly postnatal development. To obtain a detailed understanding of such development, and also the mechanisms whose deregulation lead to mammary tumourigenesis, a physiologically relevant, quantifiable and qualitative model system is required. In vitro, currently available mammary culture systems have allowed studies into prospective stem cell populations, cell-cell interactions, differentiation, proliferation, paracrine networks and hormonal responses, but are limited in the degree to which they can truly recapitulate in vivo mammary biology. Three dimensional organoid culture systems from many tissues have recently been shown to concurrently allow sustained stem-cell maintenance, proliferation and functional differentiation; however, no such recapitulative in vitro model currently exists for the mammary gland.
This thesis therefore details the development of a novel murine mammary organoid culture system. Culture conditions described, including R-Spondin1 and Neuregulin1, enable the development and expansion of mammary epithelial organoids for up to 2.5 months in culture. Organoids possess distinct basal and luminal compartments - functional steroid receptors in the latter allowing hormonal responses - and regenerative cell populations enabling mammary gland reconstitution in vivo. Additional conditions are also described promoting the growth of abnormal, tumour-like organoids.
Utilisation of the organoid model allowed the study of key signalling pathways associated with mammary development; most notably revealing the critical importance of the Wnt signalling pathway in regulating normal development, its role in mammary tumourigenesis and demonstrating its potential as a target in anti-tumour therapy. Cell-cell signalling, individual cell populations and behaviours, and tumour organoid growth were studied, the latter offering a platform in which to study potential therapeutic compounds. Evidence provided furthers the understanding of mammary biology and supports that the organoid model comprises a suitable physiologically relevant tool for use in mammary research and drug discovery.
Subjects/Keywords: QH301 Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Thomas, M. (2016). Developing and utilising a mouse mammary organoid model. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cardiff University. Retrieved from http://orca.cf.ac.uk/97191/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Thomas, Mairian. “Developing and utilising a mouse mammary organoid model.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Cardiff University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://orca.cf.ac.uk/97191/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Thomas, Mairian. “Developing and utilising a mouse mammary organoid model.” 2016. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Thomas M. Developing and utilising a mouse mammary organoid model. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2016. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/97191/.
Council of Science Editors:
Thomas M. Developing and utilising a mouse mammary organoid model. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2016. Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/97191/
Cardiff University
27.
Clapham, S. Jennifer.
The abundance and diversity of small mammals and birds in mature crops of the perennial grasses Miscanthus x giganteus and Phalaris arundinacea grown for biomass energy.
Degree: PhD, 2011, Cardiff University
URL: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/15629/
► Low-carbon energy production is potentially a major method of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and anthropogenic climate change. In the UK, tall perennial grass crops show…
(more)
▼ Low-carbon energy production is potentially a major method of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and anthropogenic climate change. In the UK, tall perennial grass crops show potential as “biomass crops”, providing renewable energy sources with a low net carbon cost. However, conversion of large areas of farmland to biomass production would constitute a major land-use change with possible negative effects on native biodiversity, particularly as some biomass crop types are not native to the UK. The aim of this thesis was to assess biological diversity within mature (>3 years old) crops of non-native Miscanthus x giganteus and native Phalaris arundinacea.
Biomass crop structural characteristics and management regimes were recorded, and their biodiversity was surveyed with particular reference to birds and small mammals in comparison with adjacent land uses. Food resources in terms of non-crop vegetation and invertebrates were also recorded.
Live-trapping revealed eight species of small mammal in the study crops, including a conservation priority species, the harvest mouse Micromys minutus, which was most abundant in Phalaris crops. Phalaris also contained the highest small mammal diversity, but the field headlands held the greatest small mammal abundance. Trapping and direct observations revealed a higher abundance and diversity of birds in the Miscanthus crops in comparison with Phalaris. Most of the bird species found in biomass crops were associated with woodland or reedbed rather than farmland habitat.
Phalaris crops had a higher percentage of ground cover of the crop itself and non-crop vegetation, whereas Miscanthus fields had greater cover of crop litter. Miscanthus crops contained fewer invertebrates than Phalaris or the field headlands. Management specific to biomass grass crops involves harvest in spring, thus providing winter habitat of importance to birds and small mammals. The crop fields also provide a refuge for invertebrates and non-crop vegetation and overall, supported high levels of biodiversity.
Subjects/Keywords: QH301 Biology
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APA ·
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CSE |
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APA (6th Edition):
Clapham, S. J. (2011). The abundance and diversity of small mammals and birds in mature crops of the perennial grasses Miscanthus x giganteus and Phalaris arundinacea grown for biomass energy. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cardiff University. Retrieved from http://orca.cf.ac.uk/15629/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Clapham, S Jennifer. “The abundance and diversity of small mammals and birds in mature crops of the perennial grasses Miscanthus x giganteus and Phalaris arundinacea grown for biomass energy.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Cardiff University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://orca.cf.ac.uk/15629/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Clapham, S Jennifer. “The abundance and diversity of small mammals and birds in mature crops of the perennial grasses Miscanthus x giganteus and Phalaris arundinacea grown for biomass energy.” 2011. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Clapham SJ. The abundance and diversity of small mammals and birds in mature crops of the perennial grasses Miscanthus x giganteus and Phalaris arundinacea grown for biomass energy. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2011. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/15629/.
Council of Science Editors:
Clapham SJ. The abundance and diversity of small mammals and birds in mature crops of the perennial grasses Miscanthus x giganteus and Phalaris arundinacea grown for biomass energy. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2011. Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/15629/
Cardiff University
28.
Richardson, Kirsty.
Analysis of cell surface markers within immature bovine articular cartilage.
Degree: PhD, 2011, Cardiff University
URL: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/17356/
► Previous studies have shown that articular cartilage grows by apposition from the joint surface, driven by proliferation of a progenitor cell sub-population residing in the…
(more)
▼ Previous studies have shown that articular cartilage grows by apposition from the
joint surface, driven by proliferation of a progenitor cell sub-population residing in
the superficial zone. To date, there is no individual marker for this progenitor
sub-population; however, markers located to mesenchymal stem cells have been
identified in articular cartilage. Using immunofluorescence, this study demonstrated
the localisation of the stem cell markers, CD44, CD49e, CD105 and CD166 to the
superficial zone of bovine immature articular cartilage. CD29 and the developmental
markers, Notch1, Delta1, Jagged1, Jagged2 and Msx1 were located in cells
throughout the tissue. The restricted expression of the majority of these stem cell
markers to predominantly the superficial zone in immature bovine complements the
appositional growth model notion and greatly suggests a resident stem cell
population.
To further investigate and quantify expression of these differentiation and stem cell
markers, superficial zone cells were isolated, immunolabelled and analysed using
flow cytometry. In addition, cells were cultured for 24 hours in monolayer for
comparison and to enable epitope recovery. Stem cell marker expression was absent
or reduced following cell isolation and upregulated following monolayer culture.
Developmental markers displayed expression comparable to that seen in tissue
following cell isolation, but expression was absent after monolayer culture. The
differences observed suggest cell surface marker cleavage during cell isolation and
subsequent cell adhesion and proliferation.
To assess the changes in expression, superficial zone cells were cultured for 14 days,
to provide a proxy for dedifferentiated cells. Superficial zone chondrocytes were
immunolabelled at day 3, 7 and 14 and analysed using flow cytometry. The majority
of cell surface receptors exhibited a unimodal increase in expression indicative of a
homogeneous population. The number of cells expressing CD44 increased with time
in culture, from 3 to 14 days, characteristic of cells adhering to plastic. Bimodal
distributions were observed with CD105 and CD117, after 14 days in culture. This
expression has not previously been reported and demonstrates a distinct and discrete
subset of cells equating to 1-2% of the total superficial zone population analysed,
comparable to chondroprogenitor percentages previously reported.
The use of specific markers to isolate chondroprogenitors will allow for further
characterisation, including a more in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of
proliferation and differentiation within articular cartilage. This has the potential to
lead to an improved understanding of the role of these markers and, as such, may
provide us with a more beneficial cell type that could significantly contribute to the
field of articular cartilage repair.
Subjects/Keywords: QH301 Biology
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Richardson, K. (2011). Analysis of cell surface markers within immature bovine articular cartilage. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cardiff University. Retrieved from http://orca.cf.ac.uk/17356/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Richardson, Kirsty. “Analysis of cell surface markers within immature bovine articular cartilage.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Cardiff University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://orca.cf.ac.uk/17356/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Richardson, Kirsty. “Analysis of cell surface markers within immature bovine articular cartilage.” 2011. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Richardson K. Analysis of cell surface markers within immature bovine articular cartilage. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2011. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/17356/.
Council of Science Editors:
Richardson K. Analysis of cell surface markers within immature bovine articular cartilage. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2011. Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/17356/
Cardiff University
29.
Bluemel, Joanna Katherine.
Introgressive hybridisation and incipient ecological speciation amongst saltmarsh Aphrodes leafhoppers.
Degree: PhD, 2011, Cardiff University
URL: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/22532/
► Ecological and host adapted races provide evidence that evolutionary divergence and sympatric speciation can occur through divergent natural selection in the face of continued gene…
(more)
▼ Ecological and host adapted races provide evidence that evolutionary divergence and sympatric speciation can occur through divergent natural selection in the face of continued gene flow. Likewise, hybridisation and introgression (interspecific gene flow) are commonly identified in natural populations, between what are described as distinct taxa. These processes have implications for how we define species and the processes necessary for the persistence and initiation of species and speciation, above and below the species level. The main focus of the present study was elucidation of the nature and extent of differentiation, and processes involved in shaping diversity within and between, species of the Aphrodes leafhopper genus, Curtis 1833, particularly from UK saltmarshes. A multidisciplinary approach was taken, combining the use of morphological, behavioural (vibrational mating signals), mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene sequencing) and multiple genome-wide nuclear marker (amplified fragment length polymorphism) analyses to test hypotheses relating to taxonomy, ecological speciation and hybridisation among Aphrodes leafhoppers. Of primary interest were: 1) identification of Aphrodes inhabiting saltmarshes, and first confirmation that two species (A. makarovi and A. aestuarina) exist there; 2) comparison of divergent ecological lineages of inland and estuarine A. makarovi, showing possible incipient speciation and evidence of convergent morphological evolution of estuarine A. makarovi and A. aestuarina; 3) exploration of the evolutionary significance of an introgressed hybrid population of A. aestuarina, found only in the Medway estuary, showing complete mitochondrial capture and some nuclear introgression.
Subjects/Keywords: QH301 Biology
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APA ·
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Export
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APA (6th Edition):
Bluemel, J. K. (2011). Introgressive hybridisation and incipient ecological speciation amongst saltmarsh Aphrodes leafhoppers. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cardiff University. Retrieved from http://orca.cf.ac.uk/22532/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bluemel, Joanna Katherine. “Introgressive hybridisation and incipient ecological speciation amongst saltmarsh Aphrodes leafhoppers.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Cardiff University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://orca.cf.ac.uk/22532/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bluemel, Joanna Katherine. “Introgressive hybridisation and incipient ecological speciation amongst saltmarsh Aphrodes leafhoppers.” 2011. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Bluemel JK. Introgressive hybridisation and incipient ecological speciation amongst saltmarsh Aphrodes leafhoppers. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2011. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/22532/.
Council of Science Editors:
Bluemel JK. Introgressive hybridisation and incipient ecological speciation amongst saltmarsh Aphrodes leafhoppers. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2011. Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/22532/
Cardiff University
30.
Ferdek, Pawel.
The role of Bcl-2 family proteins and calmodulin in calcium signalling in pancreatic acinar cells.
Degree: PhD, 2011, Cardiff University
URL: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/22879/
► Bcl-2 proteins are very well known regulators of the programmed cell death. Accumulating evidence suggests that they are also involved in regulation of calcium signalling…
(more)
▼ Bcl-2 proteins are very well known regulators of the programmed cell death.
Accumulating evidence suggests that they are also involved in regulation of calcium
signalling events. Bcl-2 has been reported to affect calcium release from the
intracellular calcium stores through regulation of inositol trisphosphate receptors and
endoplasmic reticulum calcium pumps. Physiological and pathological processes in
pancreatic acinar cells are controlled by calcium. Intracellular Ca2+ signals regulate
not only gene expression and trigger enzyme secretion but also might contribute to
premature trypsinogen activation and development of pancreatitis, which is
characterised by extensive necrosis of the pancreatic tissue. Detailed investigation of
Bcl-2 family-dependent mechanisms of intracellular Ca2+ regulation and its
association with cell death induction is required for understanding of the basic
physiological signalling pathways as well as pathophysiological processes leading to
development of severe diseases of pancreas. This study investigates the effects of
Bcl-2 family proteins on intracellular calcium homeostasis, with particular focus on
their involvement in Ca2+ fluxes and CICR phenomenon. Also, the Ca2+-related
actions of different doses of ethanol in pancreatic acinar cells and their contribution
to pancreatitis are presented and assessed.
The results indicate that pharmacological inhibition of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and
Bcl-xL proteins with BH3 mimetics BH3I’-2' or HA14-1 sensitizes pancreatic acinar
cells to CICR; and overexpression of Bcl-2 has the opposite effect significantly
decreasing rising phase of CICR-types of responses in pancreatic cell line AR42J.
Responses to BH3 mimetics are at least partially dependent on both IP3Rs and RyRs,
5
since inhibition of either of them results in a substantial decrease in Ca2+ release
from the intracellular stores. However, simultaneous blockade of IP3Rs and RyRs did
not completely abolish BH3 mimetic-elicited Ca2+ release, which indicates
engagement of other factors in the development of the response. Importantly, the
effects of BH3 mimetics on intracellular Ca2+ were effectively inhibited by loss of
Bax protein, suggesting Bax involvement in the regulation of Ca2+ release from
the ER.
Further, the results presented here demonstrate that moderate concentrations of
ethanol (10 - 100 mM), although having only a minor effect on intact cells, induce
substantial Ca2+ release from both the ER and the acidic store in permeabilized cells,
and trigger intracellular trypsinogen activation - the hallmark of acute pancreatitis.
The data suggest that calmodulin, which is present in intact cells but is lost in
permeabilized cells, constitutes a part of natural defence mechanism responsible for
the differences in the severity of the responses to ethanol. What is more, the evidence
indicates that specific pre-activation of calmodulin by Ca2+-like peptides boosts this
defence and reduces the pathological calcium responses to ethanol as well as to BH3
…
Subjects/Keywords: QH301 Biology
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Ferdek, P. (2011). The role of Bcl-2 family proteins and calmodulin in calcium signalling in pancreatic acinar cells. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cardiff University. Retrieved from http://orca.cf.ac.uk/22879/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ferdek, Pawel. “The role of Bcl-2 family proteins and calmodulin in calcium signalling in pancreatic acinar cells.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Cardiff University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://orca.cf.ac.uk/22879/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ferdek, Pawel. “The role of Bcl-2 family proteins and calmodulin in calcium signalling in pancreatic acinar cells.” 2011. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Ferdek P. The role of Bcl-2 family proteins and calmodulin in calcium signalling in pancreatic acinar cells. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2011. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/22879/.
Council of Science Editors:
Ferdek P. The role of Bcl-2 family proteins and calmodulin in calcium signalling in pancreatic acinar cells. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2011. Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/22879/
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Open Access Theses and Dissertations