subject:(Proboscidea)

1. Schmitt, Arnaud. La région de l’oreille osseuse chez les Proboscidea (Afrotheria, Mammalia) : anatomie, fonction, évolution : The ear region of the Proboscidea (Afrotheria, Mammalia) : anatomy, function, evolution.

Degree: Docteur es, Paléontologie, 2016, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2016MNHN0011

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Les éléphants font partie des rares mammifères capables d’entendre les infrasons et leur comportement locomoteur est unique. Ces singularités correspondent à des spécialisations de leurs… (more)

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Les éléphants font partie des rares mammifères capables d’entendre les infrasons et leur comportement locomoteur est unique. Ces singularités correspondent à des spécialisations de leurs organes sensoriels contenus dans l’oreille interne : la cochlée (audition) et le système vestibulaire (locomotion). Alors que la diversité actuelle des proboscidiens est très faible (trois espèces), ce groupe a été bien plus diversifié pendant les 60 millions d’années qui composent son histoire. Cette thèse étudie pour la première fois de façon complète la morphologie et la fonction de la région de l’oreille (périotique, labyrinthes osseux et membraneux) d’éléphants actuels grâce aux techniques CT scan 3D. De plus, les périotiques de quatorze genres de proboscidiens fossiles sont décrits afin de documenter l’évolution de ce complexe anatomique au sein de cet ordre de mammifères. Les résultats montrent que certains caractères de l’oreille sont très variables au niveau spécifique. Notre analyse inclut les plus anciens proboscidiens connus et suggère que la morphologie de la région otique a évolué graduellement pendant la première moitié de l’histoire évolutive du groupe et que le morphotype moderne éléphantin est déjà acquis chez les Deinotheriidae et généralisé chez les éléphantimorphes. Les inférences sur la locomotion et l’audition des taxons fossiles confirment ces observations. Ce travail permet ainsi de lever le voile sur l’évolution d’une région anatomique majeure, jusque-là méconnue chez un groupe emblématique de mammifères.

Elephants are among the few mammals able to hear infra-sounds, and they display a unique locomotor behavior. It corresponds to specializations of their sensory organs contained in the inner ear: the cochlea (audition) and the vestibular system (spatial orientation). While only three species are living today, they were a much more diverse group found in five continents and with a 60 Ma-long history. We provide here the first comprehensive morphological and functional study of the ear region (petrosal, bony and membranous labyrinths) of extant elephants using 3D CT scan techniques. Additionally, we describe and compare the petrosals of fourteen extinct proboscidean genera in order to shed light on the evolution of this anatomical complex in the Proboscidea. The results show that some features of the petrosal and bony labyrinth of extant elephants - such as the number of turns of the cochlea – display a noticeable level of intra-specific variability. Our analysis includes the earliest-known proboscideans and suggests that the petrosal and bony labyrinth morphology evolved gradually during the first half of the proboscidean evolutionary history, but also that the modern morphotype exhibited in elephants was probably already acquired in deinotheriids and generalized in elephantimorphs. Functional inferences on the locomotor behavior and the audition of extinct proboscideans confirm these observations. This work hence provides new insights on the evolution of a major anatomical region hitherto poorly known in…

Advisors/Committee Members: Tassy, Pascal (thesis director), Gheerbrant, Emmanuel (thesis director).

Subjects/Keywords: Périotique; Proboscidea; Eléphant; Anatomie; Phylogénie; Petrosal; Proboscidea; Elephant; Anatomy; Phylogeny; 560

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Schmitt, A. (2016). La région de l’oreille osseuse chez les Proboscidea (Afrotheria, Mammalia) : anatomie, fonction, évolution : The ear region of the Proboscidea (Afrotheria, Mammalia) : anatomy, function, evolution. (Doctoral Dissertation). Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2016MNHN0011

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Schmitt, Arnaud. “La région de l’oreille osseuse chez les Proboscidea (Afrotheria, Mammalia) : anatomie, fonction, évolution : The ear region of the Proboscidea (Afrotheria, Mammalia) : anatomy, function, evolution.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2016MNHN0011.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Schmitt, Arnaud. “La région de l’oreille osseuse chez les Proboscidea (Afrotheria, Mammalia) : anatomie, fonction, évolution : The ear region of the Proboscidea (Afrotheria, Mammalia) : anatomy, function, evolution.” 2016. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Schmitt A. La région de l’oreille osseuse chez les Proboscidea (Afrotheria, Mammalia) : anatomie, fonction, évolution : The ear region of the Proboscidea (Afrotheria, Mammalia) : anatomy, function, evolution. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2016MNHN0011.

Council of Science Editors:

Schmitt A. La région de l’oreille osseuse chez les Proboscidea (Afrotheria, Mammalia) : anatomie, fonction, évolution : The ear region of the Proboscidea (Afrotheria, Mammalia) : anatomy, function, evolution. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle; 2016. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2016MNHN0011

University of Wollongong

2. Puspaningrum, Mika Rizki. Proboscidea as palaeoenvironmental indicators in Southeast Asia.

Degree: PhD, 2016, University of Wollongong

URL: 040308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology), 040203 Isotope Geochemistry ; https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/4944

► The carbon (δ¹³C) and oxygen (δ¹⁸O) isotope compositions of living and fossilized animal skeletal tissues have been widely used as a proxy of faunal… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Proboscidea; palaeoenvironment; palaeoenvironmental indicator; stable isotope

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APA (6^th Edition):

Puspaningrum, M. R. (2016). Proboscidea as palaeoenvironmental indicators in Southeast Asia. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Wollongong. Retrieved from 040308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology), 040203 Isotope Geochemistry ; https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/4944

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Puspaningrum, Mika Rizki. “Proboscidea as palaeoenvironmental indicators in Southeast Asia.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Wollongong. Accessed April 16, 2021. 040308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology), 040203 Isotope Geochemistry ; https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/4944.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Puspaningrum, Mika Rizki. “Proboscidea as palaeoenvironmental indicators in Southeast Asia.” 2016. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Puspaningrum MR. Proboscidea as palaeoenvironmental indicators in Southeast Asia. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Wollongong; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: 040308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology), 040203 Isotope Geochemistry ; https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/4944.

Council of Science Editors:

Puspaningrum MR. Proboscidea as palaeoenvironmental indicators in Southeast Asia. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Wollongong; 2016. Available from: 040308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology), 040203 Isotope Geochemistry ; https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/4944

East Tennessee State University

3. Silverstein, Rachel. A Paleontological Analysis of Late Pleistocene Proboscidea from Saltville, Virginia: Taphonomy, Systematic Paleontology, and Paleobiology.

Degree: MS, Geosciences, 2017, East Tennessee State University

URL: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3230

► Saltville, Virginia (Smyth County and Washington County) has been known for its late Pleistocene megafauna since the 1700s. Based on reviews of past excavations… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Proboscidea; Saltville; taphonomy; paleontology; Pleistocene; paleobiology; Paleobiology; Paleontology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Silverstein, R. (2017). A Paleontological Analysis of Late Pleistocene Proboscidea from Saltville, Virginia: Taphonomy, Systematic Paleontology, and Paleobiology. (Thesis). East Tennessee State University. Retrieved from https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3230

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Silverstein, Rachel. “A Paleontological Analysis of Late Pleistocene Proboscidea from Saltville, Virginia: Taphonomy, Systematic Paleontology, and Paleobiology.” 2017. Thesis, East Tennessee State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3230.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Silverstein, Rachel. “A Paleontological Analysis of Late Pleistocene Proboscidea from Saltville, Virginia: Taphonomy, Systematic Paleontology, and Paleobiology.” 2017. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Silverstein R. A Paleontological Analysis of Late Pleistocene Proboscidea from Saltville, Virginia: Taphonomy, Systematic Paleontology, and Paleobiology. [Internet] [Thesis]. East Tennessee State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3230.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Silverstein R. A Paleontological Analysis of Late Pleistocene Proboscidea from Saltville, Virginia: Taphonomy, Systematic Paleontology, and Paleobiology. [Thesis]. East Tennessee State University; 2017. Available from: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3230

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Stellenbosch University

4. David, Andrew Anthony. An integrated larval development and population genetics approach for predicting the establishment and dispersal potential of a recently introduced polychaete (Annelida: Spionidae) in southern Africa.

Degree: PhD, Botany and Zoology, 2015, Stellenbosch University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96594

► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Boccardia proboscidea is a recently introduced polychaete in South Africa (SA) where it is a notorious pest of commercially reared abalone. The species… (more)

▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Boccardia proboscidea is a recently introduced polychaete in South Africa (SA) where it is a notorious pest of commercially reared abalone. The species was restricted to abalone farms distributed in three biogeographic regions up until 2011, when the first wild population was detected in the southern part of the country. If Boccardia proboscidea becomes invasive, it could pose a threat to the intertidal marine ecosystem of SA. The overarching aim of this thesis was therefore to predict the establishment and dispersal potential of B. proboscidea. The first objective was to assess the feasibility of using a closely related species to ground truth in the predictions. In Chapter 2, reproductive experiments were integrated with molecular studies to show that the nonindigenous oyster pest Polydora hoplura, like B. proboscidea can produce both planktotrophic and adelphophagic larvae (poecilogonous development). Due to a similar reproductive strategy along with its status as an aquaculture pest, P. hoplura was chosen as the “predictor” species. In Chapter 3 I investigated the effect of temperature on larval development of P. hoplura and B. proboscidea using temperature regimes reflective of the SA coast to determine establishment potential. Results showed that temperature significantly affected survivorship and developmental rate of planktotrophic and adelphophagic larvae for both species. For P. hoplura, survivorship of both larval types was highest at the intermediate to high temperature treatments (21 and 24°C) and was generally lower at the lower temperatures (12 and 17°C). Boccardia proboscidea exhibited a difference in survival optima where low temperatures favoured high planktotroph survival but low adelphophagic larval survival. Conversely, increased temperatures favoured high adelphophagic larval survival but low planktotroph survival and this was most likely driven by increased rates of sibling cannibalism. There was also a positive relationship between temperature and developmental rate for both larval types of both species. Polydora hoplura’s response to experimental temperatures is congruent with its present distribution. Based on this I predicted that B. proboscidea should become established along a large section of the SA coast and differences in survival optima may also facilitate its establishment in colder waters where P. hoplura appears to be absent. In Chapter 4, I investigated the phylogeography of P. hoplura using mtDNA (Cyt b) and nDNA (ATPSα) gene fragments. Results showed genetic connectivity among all sampling sites distributed across two biogeographic regions. I hypothesized that the low genetic structure observed was likely due to anthropogenic dispersal mechanisms rather than natural dispersal. Finally in Chapter 5, I discussed the potential for natural dispersal of B. proboscidea. Based on temperature-specific planktonic larval duration and current velocities along the SA coast, B. proboscidea could potentially cover hundreds of kilometres in a… Advisors/Committee Members: Simon, Carol A., Matthee, Conrad A., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Science. Dept. of Botany and Zoology..

Subjects/Keywords: Abalone farming – South Africa; Commercially reared abalone – Diseases and pests; Boccardia proboscidea – South Africa; Establishment and dispersal potential of Boccardia proboscidea; Marine ecology – South Africa; UCTD

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

David, A. A. (2015). An integrated larval development and population genetics approach for predicting the establishment and dispersal potential of a recently introduced polychaete (Annelida: Spionidae) in southern Africa. (Doctoral Dissertation). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96594

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

David, Andrew Anthony. “An integrated larval development and population genetics approach for predicting the establishment and dispersal potential of a recently introduced polychaete (Annelida: Spionidae) in southern Africa.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96594.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

David, Andrew Anthony. “An integrated larval development and population genetics approach for predicting the establishment and dispersal potential of a recently introduced polychaete (Annelida: Spionidae) in southern Africa.” 2015. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

David AA. An integrated larval development and population genetics approach for predicting the establishment and dispersal potential of a recently introduced polychaete (Annelida: Spionidae) in southern Africa. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Stellenbosch University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96594.

Council of Science Editors:

David AA. An integrated larval development and population genetics approach for predicting the establishment and dispersal potential of a recently introduced polychaete (Annelida: Spionidae) in southern Africa. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Stellenbosch University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96594

5. Marcon, Gabrielli Teresa Gadens. Contribuição ao estudo dos Proboscidea (Mammalia, Gomphotheriidae) do quaternário do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.

Degree: 2007, Brazil

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10183/11266

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A revisão de espécimes já descritos e o estudo de novos espécimes permitiu identificar Stegomastodon waringi como o único proboscídeo registrado para os municípios de… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Paleontologia : Quaternário; Proboscidea; Quaternary; Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Proboscidea; Gomphotheriidae; Stegomastodon waringi

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APA (6^th Edition):

Marcon, G. T. G. (2007). Contribuição ao estudo dos Proboscidea (Mammalia, Gomphotheriidae) do quaternário do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. (Masters Thesis). Brazil. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10183/11266

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Marcon, Gabrielli Teresa Gadens. “Contribuição ao estudo dos Proboscidea (Mammalia, Gomphotheriidae) do quaternário do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.” 2007. Masters Thesis, Brazil. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/11266.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Marcon, Gabrielli Teresa Gadens. “Contribuição ao estudo dos Proboscidea (Mammalia, Gomphotheriidae) do quaternário do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.” 2007. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Marcon GTG. Contribuição ao estudo dos Proboscidea (Mammalia, Gomphotheriidae) do quaternário do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Brazil; 2007. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10183/11266.

Council of Science Editors:

Marcon GTG. Contribuição ao estudo dos Proboscidea (Mammalia, Gomphotheriidae) do quaternário do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. [Masters Thesis]. Brazil; 2007. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10183/11266

Universidade Nova

6. Marinheiro, João André da Silva. Proboscideans and other vertebrates from Anchrif, Morocco.

Degree: 2016, Universidade Nova

URL: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:run.unl.pt:10362/16899

► The paleontological richness of Morocco has been scientifically known since at least the early 20th century. The region of the Middle Atlas, more specifically the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Middle-Atlas; Morocco; Pleistocene; Proboscidea; Domínio/Área Científica::Engenharia e Tecnologia::Outras Engenharias e Tecnologias

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Marinheiro, J. A. d. S. (2016). Proboscideans and other vertebrates from Anchrif, Morocco. (Thesis). Universidade Nova. Retrieved from http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:run.unl.pt:10362/16899

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Marinheiro, João André da Silva. “Proboscideans and other vertebrates from Anchrif, Morocco.” 2016. Thesis, Universidade Nova. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:run.unl.pt:10362/16899.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Marinheiro, João André da Silva. “Proboscideans and other vertebrates from Anchrif, Morocco.” 2016. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Marinheiro JAdS. Proboscideans and other vertebrates from Anchrif, Morocco. [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade Nova; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:run.unl.pt:10362/16899.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Marinheiro JAdS. Proboscideans and other vertebrates from Anchrif, Morocco. [Thesis]. Universidade Nova; 2016. Available from: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:run.unl.pt:10362/16899

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

7. Brandt, Adam. African elephant conservation and population genetics.

Degree: PhD, 0002, 2015, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/72995

► Despite advances in technology and management practices, countless species of wildlife continue to decline and become threatened with extinction, largely due to human activities such… (more)

▼ Despite advances in technology and management practices, countless species of wildlife continue to decline and become threatened with extinction, largely due to human activities such as poaching and habitat destruction. The field of conservation genetics aims to reduce the rate and severity of species decline by better understanding their genetics and making relevant information available to conservation and management entities. African elephants are in decline and the research here aims to answer important questions relevant to conservation efforts. (1) Phylogeographic patterns between nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in African elephants are often incongruent, which has been attributed to sex-biased dispersal and variance in reproductive success. To examine this, we sequenced the mitochondrial genome of two African forest elephants and examined the coalescent dates within the elephantid lineage. Comparing mitochondrial and nuclear coalescence dates, we found the ratio to be much greater than 0.25, which is consistent with the expectation that sex differences in dispersal and in variance of reproductive success would have increased the effective population size of mtDNA relative to nuclear markers in elephantids, thus contributing to the persistence of incongruent mtDNA phylogeographic patterns. (2) Past research on African elephant genetics has focused heavily on the phylogenetic relationship of forest and savanna elephants. Few studies have examined savanna elephant population genetics exclusively; those that have were limited in geographic scope or relied on mitochondrial DNA which has been shown to be a poor indicator of nuclear population structure. In this study we determined the extent of range wide, intra-species genetic variation for the African savanna elephant using multilocus genotype data. Our findings indicated that African savanna elephants have not undergone a population bottleneck within the last 2 to 4 NE generations. Additionally, there was strong support for isolation by distance at the continental scale and there was evidence that localities in north-central Africa are distinct. (3) Many elephant populations in Africa are isolated within fragmented habitat and persist in low numbers. The elephants of Gash-Barka, Eritrea have become completely isolated, lacking any gene flow from other elephant populations. Using DNA isolated from dung, we examined nuclear and mitochondrial markers to better understand genetic variation and affinities to elephants elsewhere on the continent for conservation purposes. Elephants in Eritrea have low genetic diversity and a close affinity to savanna elephants in Eastern Africa. Conservation efforts should aim to protect Eritrean elephants and their habitat in the short run, with restoration of habitat connectivity and genetic diversity as long-term goals. (4) While conservation genetics aims to reduce species decline, research is often limited by the availability of high quality DNA samples like blood or tissue. Obtaining these samples requires direct contact and… Advisors/Committee Members: Roca, Alfred L. (advisor), Roca, Alfred L. (Committee Chair), Fischer, Amy E. (committee member), Malhi, Ripan S. (committee member), Swanson, Kelly S. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Proboscidea; savanna elephant; forest elephant; fecal DNA; Loxodonta; microsatellites; mitochondrial DNA; single nucleotide polymorphism

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Brandt, A. (2015). African elephant conservation and population genetics. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/72995

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Brandt, Adam. “African elephant conservation and population genetics.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/72995.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Brandt, Adam. “African elephant conservation and population genetics.” 2015. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Brandt A. African elephant conservation and population genetics. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/72995.

Council of Science Editors:

Brandt A. African elephant conservation and population genetics. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/72995

University of Melbourne

8. Gaeth, Ann P. Evolution of the Proboscidea and the Sirenia.

Degree: 2000, University of Melbourne

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/36419

► Sixteen African elephant (Loxodonta africana), two dugong (Dugong dugon) and four manatee (Trichecus manateus) fetuses were collected for this study. The fetuses were measured, dissected… (more)

▼ Sixteen African elephant (Loxodonta africana), two dugong (Dugong dugon) and four manatee (Trichecus manateus) fetuses were collected for this study. The fetuses were measured, dissected and serially sectioned. Aspects of development were described and discussed in the context of the evolution of the elephant, dugong and manatee and the possible aquatic ancestry of the elephant. The consequences of an aquatic ancestry of the elephant are reflected in numerous ways during its development: the specialisation of the lungs and respiratory system and the trunk, the presence of nephrostomes in the fetal kidney and the permanent intra-abdominal location of the testes. The trunk is obviously an ancient feature of the elephant and this is reflected in its development and is present in even the earliest stages. The lungs of the elephant develop in a pleural cavity and then adhesions develop, obliterating the cavity, at birth. The adhesions are thought to provide support for the lungs as the elephant sucks water up its trunk and to support the lungs whilst using the trunk as a snorkel when swimming. The adhesions could be a more recent adaptation as the elephant evolved from an aquatic to a terrestrial mammal. Nephrostomes were observed in the mesonephric kidney of the elephant. Nephrostomes are a feature of primitive vertebrates and the presence of nephrostomes, are a clear example of ancient structures persisting in development. The manatee does not have nephrostomes in the mesonephros late in gestation although it is possible that nephrostomes were present in early gestation. The elephant, dugong and manatee are primary testiconda, a feature also consistent with an aquatic origin. The position of the testes in the elephant, dugong and manatee clearly represents a pleisomorphic condition. Elephants do not have a sexually dimorphic ano-genital distance unlike their closest relatives the dugong and manatee. This could be due to androgens produced by the fetal adrenal that are causing the masculinisation of the female genitalia and perhaps also masculinise the brain, and ultimately behaviour. In summary, the study of the development of the fetuses of these three closely related groups has furthered our knowledge about the development and evolution of testicond species. The finding of nephrostomes in the mesonephros of the elephant has reinforced the idea that ontogeny can provide clues about phylogeny. The development of the elephant has strengthened the evidence for an aquatic ancestry of the elephant. Additionally, the similar ana-genital distances in male and female fetal elephants, has provided a step to a fascinating area of future research.

Subjects/Keywords: evolution of Proboscidea; evolution of Sirenia

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Gaeth, A. P. (2000). Evolution of the Proboscidea and the Sirenia. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Melbourne. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11343/36419

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gaeth, Ann P. “Evolution of the Proboscidea and the Sirenia.” 2000. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Melbourne. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11343/36419.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gaeth, Ann P. “Evolution of the Proboscidea and the Sirenia.” 2000. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Gaeth AP. Evolution of the Proboscidea and the Sirenia. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2000. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/36419.

Council of Science Editors:

Gaeth AP. Evolution of the Proboscidea and the Sirenia. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2000. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/36419

Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki (AUTH); Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης (ΑΠΘ)

9. Konidaris, George. Παλαιοντολογική και βιοστρωματογραφική μελέτη των προβοσκιδωτών του νεογενούς της Ελλάδος.

Degree: 2013, Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki (AUTH); Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης (ΑΠΘ)

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/28953

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In the present thesis the Late Miocene proboscideans of Greece are studied. The material includes specimens from the fossiliferous localities of Axios Valley (Thessaloniki), Pikermi… (more)

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In the present thesis the Late Miocene proboscideans of Greece are studied. The material includes specimens from the fossiliferous localities of Axios Valley (Thessaloniki), Pikermi and Chomateri (Attica), Samos Island (Central-Eastern Aegean) and Nikiti (Chalkidiki). The Late Miocene proboscideans include deinotheriids, mammutids, choerolophodons and tetralophodont gomphotheres. Deinotheriids belong to the species Deinotherium giganteum and Deinotherium gigantissimum. Deinotherium gigantissimum is described for the first time from Greece. The mammutids are attributed to "Mammut" sp. The study of choerolophodons from Axios Valley allowed the recognition of the evolutionary stages of Choerolophodon from the Late Miocene of the peri-Mediterranean region. The genus is represented by two species; the older and more primitive C. anatolicus and the younger and more advanced C. pentelici. Choerolophodon anatolicus is described for the first time from Greece. Furthermore, the relationships among the several Choerolophodon species from the Miocene of the Old World are studied with cladistic analysis. The study of the tetralophodont specimens from Pikermi revealed that two Late Miocene species, "Tetralophodon" atticus and "Mastodon grandincisivus", are synonymous. The morphological features of the Pikermi specimens allow their attribution to the tetralophodont shovel-tusker Konobelodon atticus. This species encompasses all Turolian tetralophodont shovel-tuskers from Eastern Europe-Western Asia. Konobelodon is described in Eurasia for the first time. The Chomateri (Turolian) specimens are attributed to Anancus sp. This is the first description of the genus from the Late Miocene of Greece. Additionally, specimens from other Neogene fossiliferous localities of Greece are discussed and in some cases revised. The present study of the Neogene proboscideans of Greece produced also several biostratigraphical results. The dental microwear analysis of Choerolophodon from Macedonia was also studied and indicated that its diet was dominated by graminoids. These microwear results are in accordance with previous palaeoecological studies of Late Miocene fossiliferous localities of Greece. Finally, the palaeoecological conditions during the Neogene of Europe with emphasis on proboscideans, are discussed.

Στην παρούσα διατριβή μελετώνται τα προβοσκιδωτά του Άνω Μειόκαινου της Ελλάδας. Το υλικό μελέτης περιλαμβάνει δείγματα που προέρχονται από τις απολιθωματοφόρες θέσεις της κοιλάδας του Αξιού (Θεσσαλονίκη), του Πικερμίου και της Χωματερής (Αττική), της Σάμου (Κεντρικό-Ανατολικό Αιγαίο) και της Νικήτης (Χαλκιδική). Τα προβοσκιδωτά του Άνω Μειόκαινου ανήκουν σε δεινοθήρια, ζυγόδοντες, χοιρολοφόδοντες και τετραλοφοδοντικά γομφοθήρια. Τα δεινοθήρια αντιπροσωπεύονται από το Deinotherium giganteum και το Deinotherium gigantissimum. To D. gigantissimum περιγράφεται για πρώτη φορά από την Ελλάδα. Οι ζυγόδοντες αποδίδονται στο "Mammut" sp. Η μελέτη των χοιρολοφοδόντων επέτρεψε την αναγνώριση των εξελικτικών σταδίων του Choerolophodon κατά το Άνω…

Subjects/Keywords: Προβοσκιδωτά; Μειόκαινο; Χοιρολοφόδοντες; Δεινοθήρια; Αμηβελόδοντες; Ελλάδα; Proboscidea; Miocene; Choerolophodon; Deinotherium; Amebelodontines; Greece

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APA (6^th Edition):

Konidaris, G. (2013). Παλαιοντολογική και βιοστρωματογραφική μελέτη των προβοσκιδωτών του νεογενούς της Ελλάδος. (Thesis). Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki (AUTH); Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης (ΑΠΘ). Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/28953

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Konidaris, George. “Παλαιοντολογική και βιοστρωματογραφική μελέτη των προβοσκιδωτών του νεογενούς της Ελλάδος.” 2013. Thesis, Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki (AUTH); Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης (ΑΠΘ). Accessed April 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/28953.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Konidaris, George. “Παλαιοντολογική και βιοστρωματογραφική μελέτη των προβοσκιδωτών του νεογενούς της Ελλάδος.” 2013. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Konidaris G. Παλαιοντολογική και βιοστρωματογραφική μελέτη των προβοσκιδωτών του νεογενούς της Ελλάδος. [Internet] [Thesis]. Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki (AUTH); Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης (ΑΠΘ); 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/28953.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Konidaris G. Παλαιοντολογική και βιοστρωματογραφική μελέτη των προβοσκιδωτών του νεογενούς της Ελλάδος. [Thesis]. Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki (AUTH); Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης (ΑΠΘ); 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/28953

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Arizona State University

10. Gutierrez, Raul. A Phylogenetic Study of the Plant Family Martyniaceae (Order Lamiales).

Degree: PhD, Plant Biology, 2011, Arizona State University

URL: http://repository.asu.edu/items/14430

► Acceptance of the plant group Martyniaceae as a distinct family has long been questioned. Previously placed in the family Pedaliaceae, the Martyniaceae have been allied… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Systematic biology; Plant biology; Craniolaria; Holoregmia; Ibicella; Martynia; Martyniaceae; Proboscidea

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gutierrez, R. (2011). A Phylogenetic Study of the Plant Family Martyniaceae (Order Lamiales). (Doctoral Dissertation). Arizona State University. Retrieved from http://repository.asu.edu/items/14430

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gutierrez, Raul. “A Phylogenetic Study of the Plant Family Martyniaceae (Order Lamiales).” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Arizona State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://repository.asu.edu/items/14430.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gutierrez, Raul. “A Phylogenetic Study of the Plant Family Martyniaceae (Order Lamiales).” 2011. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Gutierrez R. A Phylogenetic Study of the Plant Family Martyniaceae (Order Lamiales). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Arizona State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://repository.asu.edu/items/14430.

Council of Science Editors:

Gutierrez R. A Phylogenetic Study of the Plant Family Martyniaceae (Order Lamiales). [Doctoral Dissertation]. Arizona State University; 2011. Available from: http://repository.asu.edu/items/14430

11. Auer, Fabiola. Microwear Analyse an ausgewählten Zähnen von Deinotherium (Proboscidea, Miozän, Mitteleuropa).

Degree: 2017, University of Vienna

URL: http://othes.univie.ac.at/45876/

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Diese Diplomarbeit behandelt die Untersuchung von fossilen Zahnfunden der Deinotherien (Deinotherium bavaricum, Deinotherium, giganteum) durch die Dental Microwear Analyse. Im Vordergrund des Interesses steht die… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: 42.84 Mammalia; 42.03 Methoden und Techniken der Biologie; Dental Microwear Analyse / Deinotherium / Proboscidea / Miozän; Dental Microwear Analysis / Deinotherium / Proboscidea / Miocene

…27 Ordnung Proboscidea (ILLIGER, 1811)… …33 8.2 Proboscidea in Europa… …Proboscidea… …werden beschrieben. Ein weiterer Bestandteil der Arbeit soll die Beschreibung der Proboscidea… …das Auftreten, Verbreitung und die Entwicklung der Proboscidea und im Speziellen der…

10 more images…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Auer, F. (2017). Microwear Analyse an ausgewählten Zähnen von Deinotherium (Proboscidea, Miozän, Mitteleuropa). (Thesis). University of Vienna. Retrieved from http://othes.univie.ac.at/45876/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Auer, Fabiola. “Microwear Analyse an ausgewählten Zähnen von Deinotherium (Proboscidea, Miozän, Mitteleuropa).” 2017. Thesis, University of Vienna. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://othes.univie.ac.at/45876/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Auer, Fabiola. “Microwear Analyse an ausgewählten Zähnen von Deinotherium (Proboscidea, Miozän, Mitteleuropa).” 2017. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Auer F. Microwear Analyse an ausgewählten Zähnen von Deinotherium (Proboscidea, Miozän, Mitteleuropa). [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Vienna; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://othes.univie.ac.at/45876/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Auer F. Microwear Analyse an ausgewählten Zähnen von Deinotherium (Proboscidea, Miozän, Mitteleuropa). [Thesis]. University of Vienna; 2017. Available from: http://othes.univie.ac.at/45876/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Freie Universität Berlin

12. Drews, Barbara. Sonographic characterization of the prenatal development of the elephant.

Degree: 2007, Freie Universität Berlin

URL: https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/12876

► Elephants have the longest pregnancy of all mammals, with an average gestation of around 660 days (Meyer et al. , 2004). The processes involved in… (more)

▼ Elephants have the longest pregnancy of all mammals, with an average gestation of around 660 days (Meyer et al. , 2004). The processes involved in prenatal development are therefore of special interest. In the past, research on the prenatal development of the elephant relied mainly on foetal specimens collected during culling actions in South Africa, which took place in the period between 1964 - 1995. Observations concerning implantation, placentation, development of the extraembryonic organs and foetal growth could not be correlated to foetal age. Foetal age was estimated on the basis of foetal weight according to the formulas of Huggett & Widdas (1951) and Craig (1984). With the establishment of transrectal ultrasonography by Hildebrandt et al. (1998), the longitudinal monitoring of elephant pregnancies in vivo is now possible. In this study, the pregnancies of 19 elephants (9 African and 10 Asian elephants) with known date of ovulation were assessed by ultrasound. Gestational age could be exactly calculated at all times. Furthermore, biometrical measurements (crown - rump - length and mass) of 22 preserved African elephant specimens and data of 3 aborted fetuses were included to describe prenatal growth. Transrectal sonography was feasible in the first third of pregnancy (until day 240 p.o). For the first time, important events such as implantation, placentation and organogenesis could be depicted in the living foetus. The embryonic period comprised only approximately one sixth of the entire gestation. The foetal period is supposedly elongated due to extensive cerebral maturation in utero. Growth graphs were developed on the basis of sonographic measurements of foetuses of known age in utero. The mathematical description of these graphs resulted in the development of new formulas for foetal age determination. To compare the newly developed formulas with those according to Huggett & Widdas (1951) and Craig (1984), the known foetal age of the sonographically assessed foetuses was compared with the age of the preserved specimens, which was calculated on the basis of foetal mass. The comparison showed that the formula of Huggett & Widdas underestimated true foetal age by 20 days. In contrast, the formula of Craig overestimated foetal age by up to 65 days. To describe prenatal growth over the whole length of pregnancy, the growth models according to Gompertz (1825) and von Bertalanffy (1960) have been adapted to crown - rump - measurments of foetal elephants. Advisors/Committee Members: n (gender), Prof. Dr. Heribert Hofer (firstReferee), Prof. Dr. Karl-Dietrich Weyrauch (furtherReferee), Prof. Dr. Klaus Eulenberger (furtherReferee).

Subjects/Keywords: ultrasonography; embryo development; foetal growth; placenta; gestation length; Proboscidea; 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

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APA (6^th Edition):

Drews, B. (2007). Sonographic characterization of the prenatal development of the elephant. (Thesis). Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved from https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/12876

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Drews, Barbara. “Sonographic characterization of the prenatal development of the elephant.” 2007. Thesis, Freie Universität Berlin. Accessed April 16, 2021. https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/12876.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Drews, Barbara. “Sonographic characterization of the prenatal development of the elephant.” 2007. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Drews B. Sonographic characterization of the prenatal development of the elephant. [Internet] [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2007. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/12876.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Drews B. Sonographic characterization of the prenatal development of the elephant. [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2007. Available from: https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/12876

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Michigan State University

13. Smith, Kathlyn Mai. Metapodial restructuring in mammut and recent elephants : evidence of disease or physical stress?.

Degree: MS, Department of Geological Sciences, 2004, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:32738

Subjects/Keywords: Elephants – Anatomy, Comparative; Mastodons – Anatomy, Comparative; Proboscidea (Mammals) – Anatomy, Comparative; Leg – Anatomy, Comparative; Tuberculosis in animals; Paleopathology; Animal remains (Archaeology)

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APA (6^th Edition):

Smith, K. M. (2004). Metapodial restructuring in mammut and recent elephants : evidence of disease or physical stress?. (Masters Thesis). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:32738

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Smith, Kathlyn Mai. “Metapodial restructuring in mammut and recent elephants : evidence of disease or physical stress?.” 2004. Masters Thesis, Michigan State University. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:32738.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Smith, Kathlyn Mai. “Metapodial restructuring in mammut and recent elephants : evidence of disease or physical stress?.” 2004. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Smith KM. Metapodial restructuring in mammut and recent elephants : evidence of disease or physical stress?. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Michigan State University; 2004. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:32738.

Council of Science Editors:

Smith KM. Metapodial restructuring in mammut and recent elephants : evidence of disease or physical stress?. [Masters Thesis]. Michigan State University; 2004. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:32738

14. Wijngaarden, van, W. Elephants, trees, grass, grazers : relationships between climate soils, vegetation and large herbivores in a semi-arid savanna ecosysteem (Tsavo, Kenya).

Degree: 1985, Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/80997 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-80997 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-80997 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/80997

► Based on descriptions of the climate, soils, vegetation and large herbivore populations, relationships are described between the different components of the Tsavo ecosystem. It… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: dieren; biotopen; ecologisch evenwicht; ecologie; elephantidae; evenwicht; begrazing; herbivoren; kenya; landschap; landschapsecologie; berggraslanden; natuurlijke graslanden; pampa's; plantensuccessie; proboscidea (zoogdieren); extensieve weiden; savannebossen; semi-aride klimaatzones; stabiliteit; steppen; vegetatie; diergemeenschappen; verstoring; Terrestrische ecologie; animals; biotopes; ecological balance; ecology; elephantidae; equilibrium; grazing; herbivores; kenya; landscape; landscape ecology; mountain grasslands; natural grasslands; pampas; plant succession; proboscidea (mammals); rangelands; savanna woodlands; semiarid zones; stability; steppes; vegetation; animal communities; disturbance; Terrestrial Ecology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wijngaarden, van, W. (1985). Elephants, trees, grass, grazers : relationships between climate soils, vegetation and large herbivores in a semi-arid savanna ecosysteem (Tsavo, Kenya). (Doctoral Dissertation). Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/80997 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-80997 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-80997 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/80997

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wijngaarden, van, W. “Elephants, trees, grass, grazers : relationships between climate soils, vegetation and large herbivores in a semi-arid savanna ecosysteem (Tsavo, Kenya).” 1985. Doctoral Dissertation, Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen. Accessed April 16, 2021. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/80997 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-80997 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-80997 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/80997.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wijngaarden, van, W. “Elephants, trees, grass, grazers : relationships between climate soils, vegetation and large herbivores in a semi-arid savanna ecosysteem (Tsavo, Kenya).” 1985. Web. 16 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Wijngaarden, van W. Elephants, trees, grass, grazers : relationships between climate soils, vegetation and large herbivores in a semi-arid savanna ecosysteem (Tsavo, Kenya). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen; 1985. [cited 2021 Apr 16]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/80997 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-80997 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-80997 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/80997.

Council of Science Editors:

Wijngaarden, van W. Elephants, trees, grass, grazers : relationships between climate soils, vegetation and large herbivores in a semi-arid savanna ecosysteem (Tsavo, Kenya). [Doctoral Dissertation]. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen; 1985. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/80997 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-80997 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-80997 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/80997

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