subject:(Prefrontal cortex)

University of Edinburgh

1. Griffin, Charlie. Dissociating the decision making functions of older adults.

Degree: 2009, University of Edinburgh

► The aim of this study was to use two variants of the Iowa gambling test, which have been shown to dissociate between patients with dorsolateral… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: prefrontal cortex; iowa gambling task

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APA (6^th Edition):

Griffin, C. (2009). Dissociating the decision making functions of older adults. (Thesis). University of Edinburgh. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3585

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Griffin, Charlie. “Dissociating the decision making functions of older adults.” 2009. Thesis, University of Edinburgh. Accessed February 17, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3585.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Griffin, Charlie. “Dissociating the decision making functions of older adults.” 2009. Web. 17 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Griffin C. Dissociating the decision making functions of older adults. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Edinburgh; 2009. [cited 2020 Feb 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3585.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Griffin C. Dissociating the decision making functions of older adults. [Thesis]. University of Edinburgh; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3585

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Edinburgh

2. Iveson, Matthew. Cognitive ageing and the prefrontal cortex.

Degree: 2010, University of Edinburgh

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5349

► The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a site which has been shown to be particularly susceptible to the ageing process. However, the PFC itself is a… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: cognitive ageing; prefrontal cortex; dorsolateral

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APA (6^th Edition):

Iveson, M. (2010). Cognitive ageing and the prefrontal cortex. (Thesis). University of Edinburgh. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5349

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Iveson, Matthew. “Cognitive ageing and the prefrontal cortex.” 2010. Thesis, University of Edinburgh. Accessed February 17, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5349.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Iveson, Matthew. “Cognitive ageing and the prefrontal cortex.” 2010. Web. 17 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Iveson M. Cognitive ageing and the prefrontal cortex. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Edinburgh; 2010. [cited 2020 Feb 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5349.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Iveson M. Cognitive ageing and the prefrontal cortex. [Thesis]. University of Edinburgh; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5349

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Rochester

3. Hussar, Cory R. Representation of Speed and Direction in Prefrontal Cortex During Motion Discrimination Tasks.

Degree: PhD, 2012, University of Rochester

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1802/21469

► The majority of sensory comparisons we make are performed across time, an ability that requires subjects to both process and remember behaviorally relevant sensory stimuli.… (more)

▼ The majority of sensory comparisons we make are performed across time, an ability that requires subjects to both process and remember behaviorally relevant sensory stimuli. These remembered features must then be utilized in a comparison process based on both the current and remembered stimuli. This type of memory-based sensory comparison is thought to depend on internal processing within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and on the top-down feedback it provides to sensory neurons. To examine the neural circuitry behind the ability to perform such tasks, we recorded from the PFC while monkeys compared the directions and speeds of two moving random-dot stimuli, separated by a brief delay. Taking advantage of differences in the durations of action potentials, we classified all recorded neurons as narrowspiking (NS) putative interneurons and broad-spiking (BS) putative pyramidal cells. This allowed us to characterize both the activity of NS cells reflecting local processing within the PFC and the activity of BS neurons reflecting the possible top-down influences that PFC is likely to exert on sensory cortical areas. Many PFC neurons of both types exhibited selectivity for both the speed and direction of motion in a manner resembling neurons in motion processing areas, suggestive of its bottom-up origin. However, stimulus selectivity in the PFC depended on task demands, particularly in NS neurons. During the delay, BS cells carried a transient and independent representation of the remembered motion as well as anticipatory activity modulation in preparation of the upcoming comparison stimulus. Both cell-types showed robust responses during the second stimulus that reflected the comparison process and their activity reliably predicted the perceptual decision. Our results reveal functional specialization within the PFC during memory-guided comparison tasks, with NS neurons adjusting their stimulus selectivity to task demands and BS neurons providing stimulus-selective and anticipatory signals to upstream sensory areas during the memory delay. These data provide a detailed characterization of the contribution of PFC neurons to memory-guided sensory comparisons.

Subjects/Keywords: Motion; (PFC); Prefrontal Cortex

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hussar, C. R. (2012). Representation of Speed and Direction in Prefrontal Cortex During Motion Discrimination Tasks. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Rochester. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1802/21469

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hussar, Cory R. “Representation of Speed and Direction in Prefrontal Cortex During Motion Discrimination Tasks.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Rochester. Accessed February 17, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1802/21469.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hussar, Cory R. “Representation of Speed and Direction in Prefrontal Cortex During Motion Discrimination Tasks.” 2012. Web. 17 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Hussar CR. Representation of Speed and Direction in Prefrontal Cortex During Motion Discrimination Tasks. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Rochester; 2012. [cited 2020 Feb 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1802/21469.

Council of Science Editors:

Hussar CR. Representation of Speed and Direction in Prefrontal Cortex During Motion Discrimination Tasks. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Rochester; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1802/21469

University of Otago

4. Goulter, Natalie. Effects of Length of Gambling Experience on Neural Activity in the Avian 'Prefrontal' Cortex .

Degree: 2011, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/638

► Gambling machines have been referred to as the “crack cocaine” of gambling, due to the rapid speed at which people develop a pathological addiction. The… (more)

▼ Gambling machines have been referred to as the “crack cocaine” of gambling, due to the rapid speed at which people develop a pathological addiction. The American Psychological Association (2000) defines pathological gambling as a disorder of impulse control with continual and recurring maladaptive gambling behaviour. Extensive neurological research has demonstrated that pathological gamblers display changes in prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity. Given the importance of the PFC in decision-making and reward we recorded from the nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL), the avian equivalent of the PFC, employing single-unit electrophysiology. Specifically, four gambling-related neuron types (reward-proximity, I-Lost, I-Won, and near-miss effect (NME)) were investigated for changes in overall prevalence and changes in activity as a function of either short or long experience playing a slot machine. Four pigeons (Columba livia) served as the subjects, two subjects were trained for a short period (short-trained), and two subjects were trained for a long period (long-trained) in order to mimic pathological gamblers length of gambling experience. The subjects played a computer-generated slot machine whereby the animal pecked on the virtual arm to initiate four tumblers to begin rolling. The pigeon then proceeded to peck each of the four tumblers in a consecutive order to stop each from rolling. If four of a kind appears on the tumblers the subjects received a food reward. The task was very similar to real slot machines that humans use in gaming rooms and casinos. It was hypothesised that the prevalence of reward-proximity, I-Lost and I-Won neurons would be higher in long-trained subjects. In contrast, the prevalence of NME neurons was predicted to be higher in the short-trained subjects. Moreover, with regard to activity rate (or magnitude effects) the long-trained subjects were hypothesised to demonstrate higher levels with reward-proximity, I-Lost and I-Won neurons. In contrast, the short-trained subjects were hypothesised to demonstrate a higher magnitude effect. The results illustrated higher prevalence’s in the long-trained group with reward proximity, I-Lost and I-Won neurons, and a higher prevalence of NME neurons in the short-trained group, thus, the first hypothesis were supported. Higher magnitude effects were found with reward-proximity, I-Won and NME in the long-trained group. The short-trained group, however, demonstrated a higher magnitude effect with I-Lost neurons. The second hypothesis, therefore, was partially supported. In conclusion, the present experiment demonstrates that with extensive gambling experience changes in neural activity is observed in the avian NCL. Due to the similarities of the NCL to the PFC, this experiment has significant implications with regard to developing effective treatments and interventions for pathological gamblers. The findings, here, provide a framework for further research to investigate gambling related neural changes. Advisors/Committee Members: Colombo, Michael (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: gambling; avian; prefrontal cortex

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APA (6^th Edition):

Goulter, N. (2011). Effects of Length of Gambling Experience on Neural Activity in the Avian 'Prefrontal' Cortex . (Masters Thesis). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/638

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Goulter, Natalie. “Effects of Length of Gambling Experience on Neural Activity in the Avian 'Prefrontal' Cortex .” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Otago. Accessed February 17, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/638.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Goulter, Natalie. “Effects of Length of Gambling Experience on Neural Activity in the Avian 'Prefrontal' Cortex .” 2011. Web. 17 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Goulter N. Effects of Length of Gambling Experience on Neural Activity in the Avian 'Prefrontal' Cortex . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Otago; 2011. [cited 2020 Feb 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/638.

Council of Science Editors:

Goulter N. Effects of Length of Gambling Experience on Neural Activity in the Avian 'Prefrontal' Cortex . [Masters Thesis]. University of Otago; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/638

University of Otago

5. Chadha, Sumeer Alexander. Transient Lesions of the Prelimbic Cortex Result in a Decrease in Behavioural Inhibition in Rats Within the Place-Preference Task .

Degree: 2011, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/1706

► Behavioural inhibition is the ability to suppress irrelevant behaviours that are either unsafe or are inappropriate for the task at hand. Neuropsychological studies have linked… (more)

▼ Behavioural inhibition is the ability to suppress irrelevant behaviours that are either unsafe or are inappropriate for the task at hand. Neuropsychological studies have linked behavioural inhibition primarily to the actions of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the hippocampus (HPC), as well as several additional regions of the brain. The current investigation addressed the role of the mPFC-hippocampal pathway on behavioural inhibition within the place-preference task. The task required rats to enter and wait for two seconds within a defined region within a circular maze for food reward. Muscimol, a GABA-A agonist, was used to create a transient block of the prelimbic cortex (PL) within the mPFC to examine its effects on both behaviour and on hippocampal electrophysiology. Recording electrodes were surgically implanted into the dorsal and ventral hippocampal CA1. The rationale for this line of inquiry stems from a growing body of research purporting a link between the mPFC and the HPC in terms of theta-coordinated communication between the two regions during mnemonic tasks. When muscimol was infused into the PL, rats had a markedly decreased ability to remain within a circularly-defined goal region for the two-seconds required to obtain a food reward. The question that arose from this finding was whether or not transient lesions to the PFC resulted in the observed behaviour because the PFC was acting through non-hippocampal regions to inhibit animals’ movement within the goal region, or was a signal sent from the mPFC so as to influence the dorsal and/or ventral HPC via their inputs so as to disrupt behaviour through hippocampal mechanisms. To address this query, data was analyzed in two ways. The first method was to look at two second blocks of time that corresponded to only correct responses across trial number, time segment and effect of drug on theta amplitude and frequency. The second method focused on the first one second of entry into the goal region to look at the effects of lesions to the PL for both correct responses and incorrect responses. Contrary to expectations, inhibiting the mPFC with muscimol did not result in significant changes to either the power of theta or the frequency within both the dorsal and ventral CA1 in the first method of analysis. In contrast, ANOVA analyses on the one second blocks of data revealed that a decrease in dorsal CA1 theta frequency was associated with a subsequent incorrect response. Correlating hippocampal theta to behaviour produced mixed results that were inconclusive. The current investigation demonstrates that the PL plays a key role in behavioural inhibition. However, it does not provide conclusive evidence that the HPC has a role in behavioural inhibition, at least with regard to the completion of the goal in the place preference task, if theta is a marker for behavioural inhibition. Advisors/Committee Members: Bilkey, David (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: prefrontal cortex; hippocampus; behavioural inhibition

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Chadha, S. A. (2011). Transient Lesions of the Prelimbic Cortex Result in a Decrease in Behavioural Inhibition in Rats Within the Place-Preference Task . (Masters Thesis). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/1706

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chadha, Sumeer Alexander. “Transient Lesions of the Prelimbic Cortex Result in a Decrease in Behavioural Inhibition in Rats Within the Place-Preference Task .” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Otago. Accessed February 17, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/1706.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chadha, Sumeer Alexander. “Transient Lesions of the Prelimbic Cortex Result in a Decrease in Behavioural Inhibition in Rats Within the Place-Preference Task .” 2011. Web. 17 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Chadha SA. Transient Lesions of the Prelimbic Cortex Result in a Decrease in Behavioural Inhibition in Rats Within the Place-Preference Task . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Otago; 2011. [cited 2020 Feb 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/1706.

Council of Science Editors:

Chadha SA. Transient Lesions of the Prelimbic Cortex Result in a Decrease in Behavioural Inhibition in Rats Within the Place-Preference Task . [Masters Thesis]. University of Otago; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/1706

University of Otago

6. Browning, Rebecca. Prefrontal cortex delay activity: Sample code or reward code? .

Degree: 2012, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/2100

► Prefrontal cortex (PFC) delay activity found in working memory tasks has been said to be a neural correlate of memory. However, similar PFC delay activity… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Prefrontal cortex; memory code

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Browning, R. (2012). Prefrontal cortex delay activity: Sample code or reward code? . (Masters Thesis). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/2100

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Browning, Rebecca. “Prefrontal cortex delay activity: Sample code or reward code? .” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Otago. Accessed February 17, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/2100.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Browning, Rebecca. “Prefrontal cortex delay activity: Sample code or reward code? .” 2012. Web. 17 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Browning R. Prefrontal cortex delay activity: Sample code or reward code? . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Otago; 2012. [cited 2020 Feb 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/2100.

Council of Science Editors:

Browning R. Prefrontal cortex delay activity: Sample code or reward code? . [Masters Thesis]. University of Otago; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/2100

University of Colorado

7. Morkonda Gnanasekaran, Srinimisha. The importance of medial prefrontal cortex in resolving interference during memory retrieval.

Degree: MS, Computer Science, 2013, University of Colorado

URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/csci_gradetds/68

► The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is considered as the brain's executive, with multiple functions and this executive role has been studied for a long time.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: cortex; memory; prefrontal; Neurosciences

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APA (6^th Edition):

Morkonda Gnanasekaran, S. (2013). The importance of medial prefrontal cortex in resolving interference during memory retrieval. (Masters Thesis). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/csci_gradetds/68

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Morkonda Gnanasekaran, Srinimisha. “The importance of medial prefrontal cortex in resolving interference during memory retrieval.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of Colorado. Accessed February 17, 2020. https://scholar.colorado.edu/csci_gradetds/68.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Morkonda Gnanasekaran, Srinimisha. “The importance of medial prefrontal cortex in resolving interference during memory retrieval.” 2013. Web. 17 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Morkonda Gnanasekaran S. The importance of medial prefrontal cortex in resolving interference during memory retrieval. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Colorado; 2013. [cited 2020 Feb 17]. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/csci_gradetds/68.

Council of Science Editors:

Morkonda Gnanasekaran S. The importance of medial prefrontal cortex in resolving interference during memory retrieval. [Masters Thesis]. University of Colorado; 2013. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/csci_gradetds/68

University of New South Wales

8. Willcocks, Andrea. The behavioural and prefrontal cortical mechanisms for extinction and recovery of alcoholic beer-seeking.

Degree: Psychology, 2012, University of New South Wales

URL: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/52248 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:10918/SOURCE01?view=true

► The present thesis investigated the behavioural and prefrontal cortical mechanisms underlying extinction and recovery of drug-seeking. Rats were trained to self-administer alcoholic beer, extinguished, and… (more)

▼ The present thesis investigated the behavioural and prefrontal cortical mechanisms underlying extinction and recovery of drug-seeking. Rats were trained to self-administer alcoholic beer, extinguished, and then recovery of drug-seeking was assessed using one of two preparations. In reacquisition, the rate of retraining to self-administer alcoholic beer was examined after extinction training. In renewal, animals were tested without reinforcement in the self-administration context, where drug-seeking recovered, and the extinction context, where there were low levels of drug-seeking. The first series of experiments examined the role of context in the reacquisition of extinguished alcoholic beer-seeking. These experiments showed that reacquisition was rapid compared to a naive control and not simply a function of the amount of extinction training. Importantly, reacquisition was independent of context. That is, retraining was rapid regardless of whether testing occurred in a novel context (AAB), a context with a mixed history of reinforcement (AAA), the extinction context (ABB) or the self-administration context (ABA). In contrast, latencies to first drug-associated response were delayed when animals were tested in a context uniquely associated with extinction training. Together, these findings suggest that two different behavioural processes influence latencies and overall reacquisition. Specifically, latencies were dependent on the physical context whereas overall responding during reacquisition was dependent on the contingency context. The second series of experiments examined medial prefrontal cortical (mPFC) control of extinction, renewal and reacquisition of drug-seeking. These experiments tested the proposed reinstatement extinction dichotomy within the prelimbic (PL) and infralimbic (IL) mPFC regions. Reversible inactivation of PL prior to test attenuated ABA renewal but augmented reacquisition. IL reversible inactivation prior to test had no effect on ABA renewal or extinction expression (AAA and ABB). IL inactivation did, however, delay latency to first response when testing occurred in the extinction context. Manipulation of the DP had no effect on any measures suggesting that it is a functionally distinct region from the neighbouring IL. Together, these results do not support a reinstatement extinction dichotomy within PL and IL. Rather, they suggest that PL mediates retrieval of contingency information. In contrast, IL may be recruited to regulate responding after extended training. Advisors/Committee Members: McNally, Gavan, Psychology, Faculty of Science, UNSW.

Subjects/Keywords: Prefrontal cortex; Reacquisition; Extinction

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APA (6^th Edition):

Willcocks, A. (2012). The behavioural and prefrontal cortical mechanisms for extinction and recovery of alcoholic beer-seeking. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New South Wales. Retrieved from http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/52248 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:10918/SOURCE01?view=true

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Willcocks, Andrea. “The behavioural and prefrontal cortical mechanisms for extinction and recovery of alcoholic beer-seeking.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New South Wales. Accessed February 17, 2020. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/52248 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:10918/SOURCE01?view=true.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Willcocks, Andrea. “The behavioural and prefrontal cortical mechanisms for extinction and recovery of alcoholic beer-seeking.” 2012. Web. 17 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Willcocks A. The behavioural and prefrontal cortical mechanisms for extinction and recovery of alcoholic beer-seeking. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2012. [cited 2020 Feb 17]. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/52248 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:10918/SOURCE01?view=true.

Council of Science Editors:

Willcocks A. The behavioural and prefrontal cortical mechanisms for extinction and recovery of alcoholic beer-seeking. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2012. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/52248 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:10918/SOURCE01?view=true

Virginia Tech

9. Klineburger, Philip C. The Dynamic Functional Capacity Theory: Music Evoked Emotions.

Degree: PhD, Psychology, 2014, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50991

► The music-evoked emotion literature implicates many brain regions involved in emotional processing but is currently lacking a model that specifically explains how they temporally and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: music; emotion; prefrontal cortex

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APA (6^th Edition):

Klineburger, P. C. (2014). The Dynamic Functional Capacity Theory: Music Evoked Emotions. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50991

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Klineburger, Philip C. “The Dynamic Functional Capacity Theory: Music Evoked Emotions.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed February 17, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50991.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Klineburger, Philip C. “The Dynamic Functional Capacity Theory: Music Evoked Emotions.” 2014. Web. 17 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Klineburger PC. The Dynamic Functional Capacity Theory: Music Evoked Emotions. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2014. [cited 2020 Feb 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50991.

Council of Science Editors:

Klineburger PC. The Dynamic Functional Capacity Theory: Music Evoked Emotions. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50991

Drexel University

10. Coley, Austin. PSD-95 deficiency disrupts PFC function and connectivity leading to sociability and cognitive deficits.

Degree: 2019, Drexel University

URL: https://idea.library.drexel.edu/islandora/object/idea%3A9951

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Postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) is a major regulator in the maturation of excitatory synapses by interacting and trafficking N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors (NMDARs) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isox-azoleproprionic acid… (more)

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Postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) is a major regulator in the maturation of excitatory synapses by interacting and trafficking N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors (NMDARs) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isox-azoleproprionic acid receptors (AMPARs) to the postsynaptic membrane of the dendritic spine. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) – a brain region responsible for cognition and sociability – contains major reciprocal connections with the mediodorsal thalamus (MD), and this connectivity is severely disrupted in psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. Coincidently, PSD-95 disruption has been implicated for both disorders, but how PSD-95 deficiency affects the mPFC during development and MD-mPFC connectivity remains unknown. Therefore, using PSD-95 deficient mouse models (PSD-95+/- & PSD-95-/-), we examined how PSD-95 deficiency affects NMDAR and AMPAR expression and function in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) at postnatal days 21, 35, and 70 i.e., juvenile, adolescent, and adult periods, respectively. We found significant increases in total protein levels of NMDAR subunits GluN1, and GluN2B, accompanied with a significant decrease in AMPAR subunit GluA1 during adolescence. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings of NMDA- and AMPA-mediated currents revealed significant increases in NMDAR/AMPAR-mediated current amplitude during adolescence and adulthood. Behaviorally, we show PSD-95-/- mice exhibit a lack of social exploration and novelty, accompanied with learning and working memory deficits. Additionally, using optogenetics, we characterized cortico-cortical verses thalamo-cortical connections within the mPFC. Our results revealed a significant increase in NMDAR/AMPAR-mediated current amplitude ratio in cortico-cortical connections. In contrast, there is a significant reduction in NMDAR/AMPAR-mediated transmission in MD-mPFC connection in PSD-95+/- and PSD-95-/- mice. These data suggests input specific alterations within the mPFC in response to PSD-95 deficiency. These data indicate that PSD-95 deficiency disrupts mPFC synaptic function, connectivity and mPFC-associated behavior. This study describes the importance of PSD-95 during neurodevelopment in the mPFC and its potential roles in social and cognitive dysregulations.

Ph.D., Neuroscience – Drexel University, 2019

Advisors/Committee Members: Gao, Wen-Jun, Espana, Rodrigo, College of Medicine.

Subjects/Keywords: Neurosciences; Nanoscience; Prefrontal cortex; Neurotransmitters

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APA (6^th Edition):

Coley, A. (2019). PSD-95 deficiency disrupts PFC function and connectivity leading to sociability and cognitive deficits. (Thesis). Drexel University. Retrieved from https://idea.library.drexel.edu/islandora/object/idea%3A9951

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Coley, Austin. “PSD-95 deficiency disrupts PFC function and connectivity leading to sociability and cognitive deficits.” 2019. Thesis, Drexel University. Accessed February 17, 2020. https://idea.library.drexel.edu/islandora/object/idea%3A9951.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Coley, Austin. “PSD-95 deficiency disrupts PFC function and connectivity leading to sociability and cognitive deficits.” 2019. Web. 17 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Coley A. PSD-95 deficiency disrupts PFC function and connectivity leading to sociability and cognitive deficits. [Internet] [Thesis]. Drexel University; 2019. [cited 2020 Feb 17]. Available from: https://idea.library.drexel.edu/islandora/object/idea%3A9951.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Coley A. PSD-95 deficiency disrupts PFC function and connectivity leading to sociability and cognitive deficits. [Thesis]. Drexel University; 2019. Available from: https://idea.library.drexel.edu/islandora/object/idea%3A9951

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Western Australia

11. Van Beek, Pia. Comparing the effects of normal ageing on dorsolateral and orbitofrontal functioning using event-related potentials : further clarification of the frontal lobe hypothesis of cognitive ageing.

Degree: PhD, 2009, University of Western Australia

URL: http://repository.uwa.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=13192&local_base=GEN01-INS01

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[Truncated abstract] The prefrontal cortex is considered vulnerable to early and rapid age-related decline, however research has yet to clarify how normal ageing differentially impacts… (more)

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[Truncated abstract] The prefrontal cortex is considered vulnerable to early and rapid age-related decline, however research has yet to clarify how normal ageing differentially impacts upon the sub-regions of the prefrontal cortex. The purpose of the current research was therefore to investigate age-related change within two prefrontal sub-regions, namely the dorsolateral and orbitofrontal cortices, in an attempt to further refine the frontal lobe hypothesis of cognitive ageing. Previous research claims that reversal learning is a common function associated with the orbitofrontal cortex, while increasing memory load relies heavily upon dorsolateral functioning. A delayed-response paradigm was therefore modified to independently assess purported functioning within the orbitofrontal and dorsolateral regions, by manipulating the frequency of rule reversal and the memory load demand, respectively. The basic task procedure involved the presentation of a rule ("match" or "non-match") followed by a memory set to be maintained across a retention interval. A pair of items was then presented and participants decided which item matched (or did not match) one of the items in the memory set. Three task conditions were created: a baseline condition (low memory load/low reversal); a high memory load condition (high memory load/low reversal); and a high reversal condition (low memory load/high reversal). The aim of Study 1 was to compare the difficulty of the high memory load and high reversal conditions, relative to the baseline task, in a group of younger participants (N = 24). Compared to the baseline condition, performance was significantly less accurate and slower for the high memory load and high reversal conditions. ..... Within the older group, individuals were identified as scoring above (Non-Declining group) or below (Declining group) expected on a measure of fluid intelligence, with reference to their scores on a measure of crystallised intelligence. Accuracy was

similar between age groups during the high reversal condition, and similar reversal-related positivity (300-600 ms following rule presentation) was observed for the two age groups. For both groups, reversal-related positivity was localised within the orbitofrontal cortex. On the other hand, agerelated behavioural impairment emerged during the high memory load condition, limited to the Declining group. In both the older and younger groups, greater positivity (1024-2124 ms following memory item presentation) was elicited for the high, relative to the low, memory load condition. This memory-related positivity was larger for the older, relative to the younger, group at parietal sites only, and did not differentiate between the Declining and Non-Declining groups. Older and younger participants recruited the dorsolateral and parietal cortices during the high memory load condition. During this condition, the Non-Declining group relied upon more widespread scalp-recorded activity, possibly reflecting successful compensatory reorganisation. Those in the Declining group…

Subjects/Keywords: Prefrontal cortex; Prefrontal cortex; Evoked potentials (Electrophysiology); Cognitive ageing; Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; Orbitofrontal cortex; Frontal lobe hypothesis

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Van Beek, P. (2009). Comparing the effects of normal ageing on dorsolateral and orbitofrontal functioning using event-related potentials : further clarification of the frontal lobe hypothesis of cognitive ageing. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Western Australia. Retrieved from http://repository.uwa.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=13192&local_base=GEN01-INS01

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Van Beek, Pia. “Comparing the effects of normal ageing on dorsolateral and orbitofrontal functioning using event-related potentials : further clarification of the frontal lobe hypothesis of cognitive ageing.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Western Australia. Accessed February 17, 2020. http://repository.uwa.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=13192&local_base=GEN01-INS01.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Van Beek, Pia. “Comparing the effects of normal ageing on dorsolateral and orbitofrontal functioning using event-related potentials : further clarification of the frontal lobe hypothesis of cognitive ageing.” 2009. Web. 17 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Van Beek P. Comparing the effects of normal ageing on dorsolateral and orbitofrontal functioning using event-related potentials : further clarification of the frontal lobe hypothesis of cognitive ageing. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Western Australia; 2009. [cited 2020 Feb 17]. Available from: http://repository.uwa.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=13192&local_base=GEN01-INS01.

Council of Science Editors:

Van Beek P. Comparing the effects of normal ageing on dorsolateral and orbitofrontal functioning using event-related potentials : further clarification of the frontal lobe hypothesis of cognitive ageing. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Western Australia; 2009. Available from: http://repository.uwa.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=13192&local_base=GEN01-INS01

12. 설, 정훈. Interactions Between Medical Prefrontal Cortex, Orbitofrontal Cortex and Motor Cortex in Value-based Decision Making.

Degree: 2011, Ajou University

URL: http://repository.ajou.ac.kr/handle/201003/4336 ; http://dcoll.ajou.ac.kr:9080/dcollection/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000011696

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We investigated how different sub-regions of rodent prefrontal cortex contribute to value-based decision making, by comparing neural signals related to animal’s choice, its outcome, and… (more)

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We investigated how different sub-regions of rodent prefrontal cortex contribute to value-based decision making, by comparing neural signals related to animal’s choice, its outcome, and action value in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of rats performing a dynamic two-armed bandit (TAB) task. And we also examined neuronal activity in the lateral (AGl) and medial (AGm) agranular cortex, corresponding to the primary and secondary motor cortex, respectively, in rats performing a dynamic dual assignment with hold (DAWH) task. Neural signals for upcoming action selection arose in the mPFC, including the anterior cingulate cortex, only immediately before the behavioral manifestation of animal’s choice, suggesting that rodent prefrontal cortex is not involved in advanced action planning. On the other hand, neural signals for an upcoming choice arose ~500 ㎳ before behavioral manifestation of the animal’s choice in the AGm, which is by far the earliest choice-related neuronal activity found in the rat brain under free-choice conditions. Both OFC and mPFC conveyed signals related to the animal’s past choices and their outcomes over multiple trials, but neural signals for chosen value and reward prediction error were more prevalent in the OFC. Meanwhile, the AGm conveyed all the signals necessary to update the value of chosen action after the choice outcome was revealed. In contrast, upcoming choice signals arose later and chosen value signals were weaker in the AGl. Consequently, our results suggest that rodent OFC and mPFC serve distinct roles in value-based decision making, and that the OFC plays a prominent role in updating the values of outcomes expected from chosen actions and a secondary motor cortex is uniquely involved in both updating and reading out value signals for flexible action selection in rats.

우리는 동적 two-armed bandit (TAB) task 를 수행하는 쥐의 안와전두피질(OFC) 그리고 내측 전두피질(mPFC) 내에서 동물의 선택, 이에 대한 결과, 그리고 행동의 가치와 연관된 신경신호를 비교 함으로서 쥐의 전두엽이 각 영역에 따라서 어떠한 방식으로 ‘가치’를 근간으로 한 의사결정에 기여하는지를 조사 하였다. 그리고 우리는 또한 쥐가 동적인 dual assignment with hold (DAWH) task 를 수행하면서, 각각 주 운동피질과 부운동피질에 해당하는, 외측 무과립(AGl) 그리고 내측 무과립(AGm) 피질에서의 신경활성도를 측정했다. 다가오는 행동 선택에 대한 신경신호는 전 대상피질을 포함하는 내측 전두피질에서 동물의 행동 징후가 나타내기 바로 직전에 증가하는 경향을 보이며, 이는 쥐의 전두엽이 고차 행동 계획을 수행하는데 관여되어 있지 않는다는 사실을 제안한다. 한편, 내측 무과립 피질의 경우 다가오는 행동 선택에 대한 신경신호는 동물의 선택의 행동 징후가 나타내기 전인 ~500㎳ 에 증가하는 경향을 보이며, 이는 지금까지 자유로운 선택이 가능한 환경내에서 쥐의 뇌에서 발견된 가장 빠른 증가 경향을 보이는 선택과 관련된 신경신호이다. 안와전두피질 그리고 내측 전두피질 두 영역 모두 수 시행에 걸쳐 동물의 과거 선택과 그것에 의한 결과와 연관된 신호를 전달한다지만, 선택된 ‘가치’와 reward prediction error 에 대한 신경신호는 안와전두피질에서 더욱 더 우세하다. 반면에, 내측 무과립 피질은 선택된 결과가 나타난 이후에 선택된 행동의 ‘가치’를 갱신하는데 필수적인 신경신호를 전달한다. 대조적으로, 다가오는 선택에 대한 신호는 행동 선택 이후에 증가하고 선택된 ‘가치’에 대한 신호는 외측 무과립 피질에서 약하게 나타났다. 결과적으로, 우리의 결과는 쥐의 안와전두피질 그리고 내측 전두피질는 ‘가치’를 근간으로 한 의사결정에 뚜렷한 역할을 수행한다는 사실과 안와전두피질는 선택된 행동으로부터 기대되어지는 결과의 ‘가치’를 갱신하는데 중요한 역할을 수행한다는 사실을 제안하며 또한 이차 운동피질은 유연한 행동 선택에 대한 ‘가치’신호를 갱신하고 판독하는데 유일무이하게 관련되어 있다는 사실을 제안한다.

Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION 1 A. Value-based decision making in Prefrontal cortex 1 B. Value-based…

Advisors/Committee Members: 200524346, 설, 정훈.

Subjects/Keywords: 내측 전전두피질; 안와전두피질; 운동피질; Prefrontal Cortex; Orbitofrontal Cortex; Motor Cortex

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

설, �. (2011). Interactions Between Medical Prefrontal Cortex, Orbitofrontal Cortex and Motor Cortex in Value-based Decision Making. (Thesis). Ajou University. Retrieved from http://repository.ajou.ac.kr/handle/201003/4336 ; http://dcoll.ajou.ac.kr:9080/dcollection/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000011696

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

설, 정훈. “Interactions Between Medical Prefrontal Cortex, Orbitofrontal Cortex and Motor Cortex in Value-based Decision Making.” 2011. Thesis, Ajou University. Accessed February 17, 2020. http://repository.ajou.ac.kr/handle/201003/4336 ; http://dcoll.ajou.ac.kr:9080/dcollection/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000011696.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

설, 정훈. “Interactions Between Medical Prefrontal Cortex, Orbitofrontal Cortex and Motor Cortex in Value-based Decision Making.” 2011. Web. 17 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

설 �. Interactions Between Medical Prefrontal Cortex, Orbitofrontal Cortex and Motor Cortex in Value-based Decision Making. [Internet] [Thesis]. Ajou University; 2011. [cited 2020 Feb 17]. Available from: http://repository.ajou.ac.kr/handle/201003/4336 ; http://dcoll.ajou.ac.kr:9080/dcollection/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000011696.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

설 �. Interactions Between Medical Prefrontal Cortex, Orbitofrontal Cortex and Motor Cortex in Value-based Decision Making. [Thesis]. Ajou University; 2011. Available from: http://repository.ajou.ac.kr/handle/201003/4336 ; http://dcoll.ajou.ac.kr:9080/dcollection/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000011696

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Notre Dame

13. Ashley Nicole Ferreira. Dissecting brain circuitry of fear and anxiety: The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)- Amygdala- periaqueductal grey (PAG) circuit</h1>.

Degree: MS, Biological Sciences, 2015, University of Notre Dame

URL: https://curate.nd.edu/show/x059c53702z

► Anxiety, a debilitating sense of fear, involves an interconnected brain network that includes the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), amygdala, and periaqueductal grey (PAG). However,… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: medial prefrontal cortex; amygdala; electrophysiology; periaqueductal grey

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ferreira, A. N. (2015). Dissecting brain circuitry of fear and anxiety: The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)- Amygdala- periaqueductal grey (PAG) circuit</h1>. (Masters Thesis). University of Notre Dame. Retrieved from https://curate.nd.edu/show/x059c53702z

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ferreira, Ashley Nicole. “Dissecting brain circuitry of fear and anxiety: The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)- Amygdala- periaqueductal grey (PAG) circuit</h1>.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Notre Dame. Accessed February 17, 2020. https://curate.nd.edu/show/x059c53702z.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ferreira, Ashley Nicole. “Dissecting brain circuitry of fear and anxiety: The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)- Amygdala- periaqueductal grey (PAG) circuit</h1>.” 2015. Web. 17 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Ferreira AN. Dissecting brain circuitry of fear and anxiety: The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)- Amygdala- periaqueductal grey (PAG) circuit</h1>. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Notre Dame; 2015. [cited 2020 Feb 17]. Available from: https://curate.nd.edu/show/x059c53702z.

Council of Science Editors:

Ferreira AN. Dissecting brain circuitry of fear and anxiety: The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)- Amygdala- periaqueductal grey (PAG) circuit</h1>. [Masters Thesis]. University of Notre Dame; 2015. Available from: https://curate.nd.edu/show/x059c53702z

University of Cincinnati

14. Roenker, Nicole. Extracellular glutamate release in the prefrontal cortex in rat models with relevance to schizophrenia.

Degree: MS, Pharmacy: Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2010, University of Cincinnati

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1289237222

► Non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists produce psychotic symptoms in humans. In rodents, NMDA antagonists produce hyperlocomotion and stereotypies, as well as increased cortical glutamatergic neurotransmission.… (more)

▼ Non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists produce psychotic symptoms in humans. In rodents, NMDA antagonists produce hyperlocomotion and stereotypies, as well as increased cortical glutamatergic neurotransmission. Several of the behaviors and cognitive impairment associated with NMDA receptor blockade appear to involve increased glutamatergic neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex. In the present study, the increase in extracellular glutamate in the prefrontal cortex induced by MK-801 was examined in rats treated with antipsychotic agents, risperidone and paliperidone. In addition, the effects of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME and the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen were examined on the MK-801-induced glutamate increase in the prefrontal cortex. Furthermore basal and stimulated glutamate release in the prefrontal cortex was assessed in rats exposed prenatally to immune activation. Using in vivo microdialysis, it was determined that treatment with MK-801 (0.3 mg/kg, s.c.) significantly increased extracellular glutamate in the prefrontal cortex. The glutamate response to MK-801 was significantly attenuated in rats treated chronically for 21 days with risperidone (0.01 mg/kg/day) and paliperidone (0.01 mg/kg/day) in the drinking water, or in rats treated acutely with L-NAME (60 mg/kg, i.p.) or baclofen (5mg/kg, i.p.). Prenatal immune activation was achieved by treatment of pregnant rats on day 14 of gestation with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C). Microdialysis was performed in male offspring on postnatal day 56, and it was determined the MK-801-induced increase in extracellular glutamate in the prefrontal cortex was significantly diminished in poly I:C-exposed rats. In addition, basal extracellular glutamate in the prefrontal cortex of poly I:C-exposed male rats were significantly greater than that in control animals. The elevated basal extracellular glutamate in the prefrontal cortex of poly I:C offspring was reduced to that of controls by paliperidone and to a lesser extent risperidone. These data support the view that increased extracellular glutamate in the prefrontal cortex in response to NMDA receptor blockade involves a nitergic and GABAergic mechanism and can be prevented by chronic antipsychotic drug treatment. It can be speculated further that the relative insensitivity of poly I:C exposed rats to NMDA receptor blockade may be indicative of a state of NMDA receptor hypofunction induced by prenatal immune activation. Advisors/Committee Members: Gudelsky, Gary (Committee Chair).

Subjects/Keywords: Pharmacology; schizophrenia; NMDA receptor; glutamate; prefrontal cortex

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Roenker, N. (2010). Extracellular glutamate release in the prefrontal cortex in rat models with relevance to schizophrenia. (Masters Thesis). University of Cincinnati. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1289237222

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Roenker, Nicole. “Extracellular glutamate release in the prefrontal cortex in rat models with relevance to schizophrenia.” 2010. Masters Thesis, University of Cincinnati. Accessed February 17, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1289237222.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Roenker, Nicole. “Extracellular glutamate release in the prefrontal cortex in rat models with relevance to schizophrenia.” 2010. Web. 17 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Roenker N. Extracellular glutamate release in the prefrontal cortex in rat models with relevance to schizophrenia. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Cincinnati; 2010. [cited 2020 Feb 17]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1289237222.

Council of Science Editors:

Roenker N. Extracellular glutamate release in the prefrontal cortex in rat models with relevance to schizophrenia. [Masters Thesis]. University of Cincinnati; 2010. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1289237222

University of Alberta

15. Grant, Hercules. Hemodynamic Changes in the Prefrontal Cortex during Functional Activation in Essential Hypertension Measured by Near Infrared Spectroscopy.

Degree: PhD, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, 2014, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/g158bj804

► Chronic hypertension induces microvascular changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) which could influence oxygenation status. However, hypertension-related changes in oxygenation in the PFC and cognition,… (more)

▼ Chronic hypertension induces microvascular changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) which could influence oxygenation status. However, hypertension-related changes in oxygenation in the PFC and cognition, especially during functional stresses, remain poorly investigated. This project consisted of three separate studies, evaluating and comparing normotensive and stage 1 hypertensive males (19 – 56 yrs.) for: (1) the reliability of the hemodynamic responses, namely, oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb), deoxyhemoglobin (HHb), total hemoglobin (tHb) and hemoglobin difference (HbDiff) at the PFC during postural change and carbon dioxide (CO2) rebreathing, (2) cognitive performance (digit span and auditory consonant trigrams - CCC) at rest, and (3) cognitive performance (modified Stroop task) at rest and during cycling at 50 Watts and up to 75%HRmax. Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure the bilateral PFC hemodynamic responses in real-time during these interventions. Delta values (peak minus baseline or peak minus control) were calculated for each hemodynamic variable and subjected to appropriate analysis to test the study hypotheses. Moderate to high reliability coefficients were observed for all hemodynamic and CO2 reactivity responses with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for O2Hb and tHb ranging between 0.67 and 0.901 (normotensive, N=25), and 0.61 and 0.823 (hypertensive, N=15). No significant difference was noted in CO2 reactivity with postural change between the groups after matching for age level. Significant impairment in digit span and CCC performance was observed in the hypertensives (P=0.027) after age matching 15 participants for each group. Both groups demonstrated similar trends in the acute hemodynamic responses during the digit span and CCC tests. However the delta values were not significantly different between the two groups. Significant correlations were observed between digit span performance and delta values of O2Hb as well as tHb, only in the hypertensive group in both the right and left PFC. During the cycling tests, no significant differences were observed in modified Stroop test performance on any of the hemodynamic responses, except tHb, which was higher in the normotensive group. Significant positive correlations were observed for the hypertensives in Stroop performance scores and O2Hb and HbDiff changes at rest only. The conflicting findings in the hypertensive group could be due to the wide age range of participants and the period of hypertension which could influence microvascularity at the PFC. The evidence suggests a less than straightforward relationship between cognition and performance in hypertension and provides new perspectives that can be used in structuring rehabilitation programs for this clinical population.

Subjects/Keywords: Near Infrared Spectroscopy; Oxygenation; Hypertension; Prefrontal Cortex

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Grant, H. (2014). Hemodynamic Changes in the Prefrontal Cortex during Functional Activation in Essential Hypertension Measured by Near Infrared Spectroscopy. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/g158bj804

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Grant, Hercules. “Hemodynamic Changes in the Prefrontal Cortex during Functional Activation in Essential Hypertension Measured by Near Infrared Spectroscopy.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Alberta. Accessed February 17, 2020. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/g158bj804.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Grant, Hercules. “Hemodynamic Changes in the Prefrontal Cortex during Functional Activation in Essential Hypertension Measured by Near Infrared Spectroscopy.” 2014. Web. 17 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Grant H. Hemodynamic Changes in the Prefrontal Cortex during Functional Activation in Essential Hypertension Measured by Near Infrared Spectroscopy. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2014. [cited 2020 Feb 17]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/g158bj804.

Council of Science Editors:

Grant H. Hemodynamic Changes in the Prefrontal Cortex during Functional Activation in Essential Hypertension Measured by Near Infrared Spectroscopy. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2014. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/g158bj804

University of California – Berkeley

16. Cano, Maya Elizabeth. The Behavior and Electrophysiology of Directed Forgetting in the Auditory Domain.

Degree: Neuroscience, 2014, University of California – Berkeley

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3329x67q

► There are many instances in life when a person wants or needs to forget a memory. These unwanted memories can range from something that is… (more)

▼ There are many instances in life when a person wants or needs to forget a memory. These unwanted memories can range from something that is simply now irrelevant such as an outdated fact, to something as serious as a traumatic experience. In extreme cases such as post-traumatic stress disorder, the benefit of forgetting becomes obvious. As such, it is important that we understand not only how our brain is able to remember, but also how it is able to forget. Unlike the traditional view of incidental forgetting, recent studies have shown that forgetting can be a strategic and active process. However, the mechanisms by which we can intentionally suppress our memories are not fully understood. Moreover, most of the directed forgetting research has focused on suppressing visual memories. A more complete understanding of the way we can exert inhibitory control over our memories should include all sensory modalities. To address this issue, we examined whether similar electrophysiological findings, as reported in visual electroencephalography (EEG) studies of directed forgetting, would be observed in the auditory domain. Additionally, the role of the prefrontal cortex in this higher-order process was investigated. Here, we utilized the Think/No-Think paradigm to examine the neural correlates of the cognitive control of memory in three studies. First, we compared findings from healthy young adults in two tasks that varied in the number of to-be-remembered and to-be-forgotten repetitions, and found that behavioral and electrophysiological evidence points to similar effects using auditory stimuli, but that it may be more difficult to achieve than the inhibition of visual memories. Second, we extended those findings to older adults, and found that they too showed behavioral and EEG evidence of successful suppression of unwanted auditory memories. Third, we determined that prefrontal cortex plays a causal role in the ability to actively inhibit auditory memories by examining the behavioral and EEG effects of unilateral frontal lesions in a patient cohort. The behavioral evidence for the inhibition of auditory memory and the corresponding electrophysiology is a step toward a more complete picture of how we intentionally suppress unwanted memories.

Subjects/Keywords: Neurosciences; Psychology; Electroencephalography; Forgetting; Memory; Prefrontal Cortex

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Cano, M. E. (2014). The Behavior and Electrophysiology of Directed Forgetting in the Auditory Domain. (Thesis). University of California – Berkeley. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3329x67q

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cano, Maya Elizabeth. “The Behavior and Electrophysiology of Directed Forgetting in the Auditory Domain.” 2014. Thesis, University of California – Berkeley. Accessed February 17, 2020. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3329x67q.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cano, Maya Elizabeth. “The Behavior and Electrophysiology of Directed Forgetting in the Auditory Domain.” 2014. Web. 17 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Cano ME. The Behavior and Electrophysiology of Directed Forgetting in the Auditory Domain. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2014. [cited 2020 Feb 17]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3329x67q.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Cano ME. The Behavior and Electrophysiology of Directed Forgetting in the Auditory Domain. [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2014. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3329x67q

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

17. Dulka, Brooke Nichole. The Neurochemistry and Neural Circuitry of Stress Resilience.

Degree: 2018, University of Tennessee – Knoxville

URL: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/5053

► Stress is a contributing factor in the etiology of several mood and anxiety disorders, and animal models of social defeat have been used to investigate… (more)

▼ Stress is a contributing factor in the etiology of several mood and anxiety disorders, and animal models of social defeat have been used to investigate the biological basis of stress-related psychopathologies. Syrian hamsters are highly aggressive and territorial, but after social defeat they exhibit a conditioned defeat (CD) response which is characterized by increased submissive behavior and a failure to defend their home territory against a smaller, non-aggressive intruder. We have previously shown that dominant male hamsters show increased c-Fos expression in the infralimbic (IL) subdivision of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) following social defeat and display a reduced CD response at testing compared to subordinates and controls. Pharmacological inactivation of the vmPFC prevents resistance to CD in dominants, suggesting that neural activity in the vmPFC is necessary for CD resistance. In this dissertation, we tested the overarching hypothesis that dominant hamsters have a distinct pattern of neuronal activity and neurochemical responses within the vmPFC that facilitate resistance to CD. Specifically, we predicted that dominant hamsters will display a distinct neurochemical profile in the vmPFC and activate an IL neural projection to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) during social defeat. Furthermore, we predicted that selective activation of an IL-to-BLA neural projection during social defeat is sufficient for resistance to CD. Using a technique called untargeted metabolomics, we found that a distinct neurochemical profile in the vmPFC is associated with stress resilience. Specifically, dominant hamsters had elevated levels of tyrosine and methionine in the vmPFC following social defeat. Next, we co-localized a retrograde tracer, cholera toxin B, and c-Fos and identified neural projections from both the IL and prelimbic (PL) subdivisions of the vmPFC to the BLA that are activated by dominants during social defeat. Finally, we show that selective activation of an IL-to-BLA neural projection using Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) is sufficient to promote resistance to CD in subordinate and social status control hamsters. This project extends our understanding of the neurochemical profiles and neural circuits underlying stress resilience, which is an important step towards delineating a circuit-based approach for the prevention and treatment of stress-related psychopathology.

Subjects/Keywords: Stress; Resilience; Susceptibility; Prefrontal Cortex; Amygdala; Circuitry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Dulka, B. N. (2018). The Neurochemistry and Neural Circuitry of Stress Resilience. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Retrieved from https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/5053

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dulka, Brooke Nichole. “The Neurochemistry and Neural Circuitry of Stress Resilience.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Accessed February 17, 2020. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/5053.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dulka, Brooke Nichole. “The Neurochemistry and Neural Circuitry of Stress Resilience.” 2018. Web. 17 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Dulka BN. The Neurochemistry and Neural Circuitry of Stress Resilience. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2018. [cited 2020 Feb 17]. Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/5053.

Council of Science Editors:

Dulka BN. The Neurochemistry and Neural Circuitry of Stress Resilience. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2018. Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/5053

Harvard University

18. Chang, Celene Hyunju. The Rat Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in the Neural Circuitries of Depression and Sleep.

Degree: PhD, Neuroscience, 2013, Harvard University

URL: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:11110430

► Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating disorder affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. The etiology of the disease is unknown, and how antidepressant… (more)

▼ Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating disorder affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. The etiology of the disease is unknown, and how antidepressant medications reverse depression is unclear. However, imaging and postmortem studies of MDD patients show abnormalities in several limbic areas of the brain, including the prefrontal cortex. The involvement of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in depression has been particularly intriguing, for this region demonstrates reduced metabolic activity in remission, and this reduction is unique to treatment responders. In addition, deep brain stimulation targeting the subgenual cingulate cortex in the vmPFC has been shown to be effective in treating 'treatment-resistant' patients. Furthermore, neuroanatomical studies have shown that this region projects to many downstream limbic areas implicated to play roles in MDD. I therefore hypothesized that 1) the vmPFC may be an important target of antidepressant drugs, and that 2) this region may play a role in the generation of depression-associated behaviors. To test the first hypothesis, I administered desipramine (DMI), a tricyclic antidepressant, to rats. I found that the rat vmPFC was significantly activated by DMI, whereas the dorsomedial PFC (dmPFC) was not. I also found that the drug increases neuronal activity in the nucleus accumbens, but this activation was dependent on the integrity of the vmPFC. To test the second hypothesis, I induced neuronal lesions in the rat dmPFC or vmPFC and subjected the animals to behavioral tests. I found that while lesions in both areas led to increased REM sleep, only vmPFC-lesioned animals had reduced REM latency, increased sleep fragmentation and increased forced swim test immobility. Together, these results demonstrate that the vmPFC may be an important region for both antidepressant action and the generation of depression-like behaviors. Advisors/Committee Members: Saper, Clifford B. (advisor), Lee, Chih-Hao (committee member), Mitchell, James (committee member), Hu, Frank (committee member), McCarley, Robert (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Neurosciences; depression; desipramine; sleep; ventromedial prefrontal cortex

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chang, C. H. (2013). The Rat Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in the Neural Circuitries of Depression and Sleep. (Doctoral Dissertation). Harvard University. Retrieved from http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:11110430

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chang, Celene Hyunju. “The Rat Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in the Neural Circuitries of Depression and Sleep.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Harvard University. Accessed February 17, 2020. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:11110430.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chang, Celene Hyunju. “The Rat Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in the Neural Circuitries of Depression and Sleep.” 2013. Web. 17 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Chang CH. The Rat Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in the Neural Circuitries of Depression and Sleep. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Harvard University; 2013. [cited 2020 Feb 17]. Available from: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:11110430.

Council of Science Editors:

Chang CH. The Rat Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in the Neural Circuitries of Depression and Sleep. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Harvard University; 2013. Available from: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:11110430

McGill University

19. Kostopoulos, Penelope. The role of the mid-ventrolateral prefrontal cortex in memory retrieval.

Degree: PhD, Department of Psychology., 2008, McGill University

URL: http://digitool.library.mcgill.ca/thesisfile115891.pdf

►

Although a plethora of data exists on the role of the prefrontal cortex in memory retrieval, it has been difficult to relate specific aspects of… (more)

▼

Although a plethora of data exists on the role of the prefrontal cortex in memory retrieval, it has been difficult to relate specific aspects of retrieval processing to the different prefrontal regions. The present thesis consists of one behavioural experiment and three functional neuroimaging studies that aimed at elucidating the role of the mid-ventrolateral region of the prefrontal cortex in memory retrieval. We hypothesized that the mid-ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, through its anatomical connections with posterior association areas, is in a key position to exert control over posterior association areas where information is processed and stored for the active retrieval of mnemonic information. In contrast to automatic retrieval, active retrieval is necessary when a person retrieves based on his/her plans and intentions a specific memory amongst multiple related mnemonic traces.

Previously, we had demonstrated that the mid-ventrolateral prefrontal cortex in the right hemisphere controls active retrieval of non-verbal stimuli. More specifically, we reported activity increases within this region during the delay period that followed the presentation of a retrieval cue. We proposed that these activity increases reflect the top-down control exerted by the mid-ventrolateral prefrontal cortex to focus attention on relevant aspects of encoded memories in preparation for the decision. The first study of my thesis focuses on the behavioural correlates of this active retrieval process. The results indicate that the subjects' performance improves (i.e. becomes faster) with longer retrieval periods. Thus, some aspect of retrieval is initiated during the delay before the presentation of a test stimulus for the decision. The results, however, also indicate that retrieval continues after the presentation of the test stimulus.

The three event-related fMRI studies that make up chapters three, four, and five of the thesis were designed on the basis of the results obtained in the behavioural study described in chapter two. For all three fMRI studies, we used an experimental paradigm in which the retrieval cue coincided with the test stimulus presentation. The experimental design for the three neuroimaging studies was similar but examined the retrieval of mnemonic information from different sensory modalities. A separate group of subjects was tested for each study with a common hypothesis: when subjects are performing active retrieval trials, selective activity increases will be observed within the mid-ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. The study presented in chapter three examined verbal active retrieval, the study presented in chapter four examined tactile active retrieval, and the one in chapter five examined active retrieval for auditory stimuli. Selective activity increases were reported within the mid-ventrolateral prefrontal cortex during the active retrieval trials in all three studies. Activity increases were stronger in the left mid-ventrolateral prefrontal cortex when subjects retrieved verbal information. For…

Subjects/Keywords: Memory.; Prefrontal cortex.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kostopoulos, P. (2008). The role of the mid-ventrolateral prefrontal cortex in memory retrieval. (Doctoral Dissertation). McGill University. Retrieved from http://digitool.library.mcgill.ca/thesisfile115891.pdf

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kostopoulos, Penelope. “The role of the mid-ventrolateral prefrontal cortex in memory retrieval.” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, McGill University. Accessed February 17, 2020. http://digitool.library.mcgill.ca/thesisfile115891.pdf.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kostopoulos, Penelope. “The role of the mid-ventrolateral prefrontal cortex in memory retrieval.” 2008. Web. 17 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Kostopoulos P. The role of the mid-ventrolateral prefrontal cortex in memory retrieval. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. McGill University; 2008. [cited 2020 Feb 17]. Available from: http://digitool.library.mcgill.ca/thesisfile115891.pdf.

Council of Science Editors:

Kostopoulos P. The role of the mid-ventrolateral prefrontal cortex in memory retrieval. [Doctoral Dissertation]. McGill University; 2008. Available from: http://digitool.library.mcgill.ca/thesisfile115891.pdf

University of Vermont

20. Page, Matias V. Spatial cognition during the active avoidance task: The role of the prefrontal cortex and preempting impairment following febrile status epilepticus.

Degree: Neurological Sciences, 2016, University of Vermont

URL: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses/204

► The active place avoidance task is a dynamic spatial cognition task that has been used to study spatial memory impairment in animal models of… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: spatial cognition; hippocampus; prefrontal cortex; febrile seizures

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APA (6^th Edition):

Page, M. V. (2016). Spatial cognition during the active avoidance task: The role of the prefrontal cortex and preempting impairment following febrile status epilepticus. (Thesis). University of Vermont. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses/204

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Page, Matias V. “Spatial cognition during the active avoidance task: The role of the prefrontal cortex and preempting impairment following febrile status epilepticus.” 2016. Thesis, University of Vermont. Accessed February 17, 2020. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses/204.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Page, Matias V. “Spatial cognition during the active avoidance task: The role of the prefrontal cortex and preempting impairment following febrile status epilepticus.” 2016. Web. 17 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Page MV. Spatial cognition during the active avoidance task: The role of the prefrontal cortex and preempting impairment following febrile status epilepticus. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Vermont; 2016. [cited 2020 Feb 17]. Available from: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses/204.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Page MV. Spatial cognition during the active avoidance task: The role of the prefrontal cortex and preempting impairment following febrile status epilepticus. [Thesis]. University of Vermont; 2016. Available from: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses/204

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of California – San Diego

21. Steiner, Noah. Neuroadaptations in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) predict memory deficits dependent on the mPFC in alcohol dependent rats.

Degree: Biology, 2018, University of California – San Diego

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5xw9h1v8

► Chronic intermittent ethanol vapor exposure (CIE) produces dependence, alters the structure of pyramidal neurons, and decreases oligodendroglial progenitors in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Neurosciences; Addiction; CIE; Ethanol; prefrontal cortex

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APA (6^th Edition):

Steiner, N. (2018). Neuroadaptations in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) predict memory deficits dependent on the mPFC in alcohol dependent rats. (Thesis). University of California – San Diego. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5xw9h1v8

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Steiner, Noah. “Neuroadaptations in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) predict memory deficits dependent on the mPFC in alcohol dependent rats.” 2018. Thesis, University of California – San Diego. Accessed February 17, 2020. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5xw9h1v8.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Steiner, Noah. “Neuroadaptations in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) predict memory deficits dependent on the mPFC in alcohol dependent rats.” 2018. Web. 17 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Steiner N. Neuroadaptations in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) predict memory deficits dependent on the mPFC in alcohol dependent rats. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2018. [cited 2020 Feb 17]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5xw9h1v8.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Steiner N. Neuroadaptations in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) predict memory deficits dependent on the mPFC in alcohol dependent rats. [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2018. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5xw9h1v8

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Drexel University

22. McEachern, Erin Paige. PSD-95 alters GABAergic inhibition in the prefrontal cortex.

Degree: 2018, Drexel University

URL: https://idea.library.drexel.edu/islandora/object/idea%3A8154

►

Postsynaptic Density Protein-95 (PSD-95) is a major scaffolding protein in the excitatory postsynaptic density and regulator of synaptic maturation by interacting and recruiting N-methyl-D-aspartic acid… (more)

▼

Postsynaptic Density Protein-95 (PSD-95) is a major scaffolding protein in the excitatory postsynaptic density and regulator of synaptic maturation by interacting and recruiting N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) and [alpha]- amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isox-azolpropionic acid (AMPA) receptors. PSD-95 deficiency has been linked to cognitive and learning deficits implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. In previous studies shown within the hippocampus, PSD-95 deficiency causes a significant reduction in the excitatory response at the postsynaptic membrane. However, little is known whether PSD-95 deficiency will affect gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inhibitory synapses in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Using a PSD-95 transgenic mouse model (PSD-95 +/-), we study how PSD-95 deficiency affects GABAA receptor expression and function in the mPFC of adolescent mice. Using Western blot, we show a significant decrease in protein expression levels of PSD-95 in the PSD-95 +/- mouse, confirming sufficient reduction of the protein. Our results also show a significant increase in the GABAA receptor subunit [alpha]1 and a trending increase in the subunits [alpha]2. We utilized whole-cell patch clamp to record spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) as a measure of GABA-mediated current in layer 5 pyramidal neurons of the mPFC. We found significant increases in sIPSC frequency and amplitude in PSD-95+/- mice. In addition, we show a decrease of evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs) and a significant increase in evoked IPSCs (eIPSCs), leading to a significant decrease in the excitatory-to-inhibitory balance in PSD-95+/- mice. Our study suggests that PSD-95 deficiency causes an increase in the inhibitory response in the mPFC due to an increase in GABA receptor presence and function, consequently leading to a shift in the excitatory/inhibitory balance. This study will provide novel insights into the importance of GABAergic transmission in the mPFC in response to PSD-95 deficiency and its potential link with cognitive and learning deficits associated with autism and schizophrenia.

M.S., Biomedical Studies – Drexel University, 2018

Advisors/Committee Members: Gao, Wen-Jun, College of Medicine.

Subjects/Keywords: Medical sciences; Neurosciences; Prefrontal cortex; GABA – Receptors

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

McEachern, E. P. (2018). PSD-95 alters GABAergic inhibition in the prefrontal cortex. (Thesis). Drexel University. Retrieved from https://idea.library.drexel.edu/islandora/object/idea%3A8154

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

McEachern, Erin Paige. “PSD-95 alters GABAergic inhibition in the prefrontal cortex.” 2018. Thesis, Drexel University. Accessed February 17, 2020. https://idea.library.drexel.edu/islandora/object/idea%3A8154.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

McEachern, Erin Paige. “PSD-95 alters GABAergic inhibition in the prefrontal cortex.” 2018. Web. 17 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

McEachern EP. PSD-95 alters GABAergic inhibition in the prefrontal cortex. [Internet] [Thesis]. Drexel University; 2018. [cited 2020 Feb 17]. Available from: https://idea.library.drexel.edu/islandora/object/idea%3A8154.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

McEachern EP. PSD-95 alters GABAergic inhibition in the prefrontal cortex. [Thesis]. Drexel University; 2018. Available from: https://idea.library.drexel.edu/islandora/object/idea%3A8154

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

23. Farooqui, Ausaf Ahmed. Fronto-parietal cortex in sequential behaviour.

Degree: PhD, 2012, University of Cambridge

URL: http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/243944https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/243944/2/license.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/243944/3/license_url ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/243944/4/license_text ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/243944/5/license_rdf ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/243944/8/thesis_revised.pdf.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/243944/6/thesis_revised.pdf.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/243944/9/thesis_revised.pdf.jpg

► This dissertation investigates the fronto-parietal representation of the structure of organised mental episodes by studying its effect on the representation of cognitive events occurring at… (more)

▼ This dissertation investigates the fronto-parietal representation of the structure of organised mental episodes by studying its effect on the representation of cognitive events occurring at various positions within it. The experiments in chapter 2 look at the completion of hierarchically organized mental (task/subtask) episodes. Multiple identical target-detection events were organized into a sequential task episode, and the individual events were connected in a means-to-end relationship. It is shown that events that are conceptualized as completing defined task episodes elicit greater activity compared to identical events lying within the episode; the magnitude of the end of episode activity depended on the hierarchical abstraction of the episode. In chapter 3, the effect of ordinal position of the cognitive events, making up the task episode, on their representation is investigated in the context of a biphasic task episode. The design further manipulated the cognitive load of the two phases independently. This allowed for a direct comparison of the effect of phase vis-à-vis the effect of cognitive load. The results showed that fronto-parietal regions that increased their activity in response to cognitive load, also increased their activity for the later phases of the task episode, even though the cognitive load associated with the later phase was, arguably, lower than the previous phase. Chapter 4 investigates if the characteristics of the higher-level representations, like organization of task descriptions, have a causal role in determining the structure of the ensuing mental episode. Results show this to be true. They also confirm the results of earlier chapters in a different framework. Chapter 5 shows that the effect of episode structure is not limited to the elicited activity, but also affects the information content of the representation of the events composing the episode. Specifically, the information content in many regions of later steps is higher than that of earlier steps. Together, the results show widespread representation of the structure of organised mental episodes.

Subjects/Keywords: Cognitive control; Prefrontal cortex; Sequential behaviour; Hierarchy

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APA (6^th Edition):

Farooqui, A. A. (2012). Fronto-parietal cortex in sequential behaviour. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Cambridge. Retrieved from http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/243944https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/243944/2/license.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/243944/3/license_url ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/243944/4/license_text ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/243944/5/license_rdf ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/243944/8/thesis_revised.pdf.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/243944/6/thesis_revised.pdf.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/243944/9/thesis_revised.pdf.jpg

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Farooqui, Ausaf Ahmed. “Fronto-parietal cortex in sequential behaviour.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Cambridge. Accessed February 17, 2020. http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/243944https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/243944/2/license.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/243944/3/license_url ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/243944/4/license_text ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/243944/5/license_rdf ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/243944/8/thesis_revised.pdf.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/243944/6/thesis_revised.pdf.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/243944/9/thesis_revised.pdf.jpg.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Farooqui, Ausaf Ahmed. “Fronto-parietal cortex in sequential behaviour.” 2012. Web. 17 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Farooqui AA. Fronto-parietal cortex in sequential behaviour. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2012. [cited 2020 Feb 17]. Available from: http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/243944https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/243944/2/license.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/243944/3/license_url ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/243944/4/license_text ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/243944/5/license_rdf ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/243944/8/thesis_revised.pdf.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/243944/6/thesis_revised.pdf.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/243944/9/thesis_revised.pdf.jpg.

Council of Science Editors:

Farooqui AA. Fronto-parietal cortex in sequential behaviour. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2012. Available from: http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/243944https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/243944/2/license.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/243944/3/license_url ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/243944/4/license_text ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/243944/5/license_rdf ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/243944/8/thesis_revised.pdf.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/243944/6/thesis_revised.pdf.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/243944/9/thesis_revised.pdf.jpg

24. Loonis, Roman. Beta oscillations underlie top-down, feedback control while gamma oscillations reflect bottom-up, feedforward influences.

Degree: PhD, Anatomy & Neurobiology, 2019, Boston University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/26506

► Prefrontal cortex (PFC) is critical to behavioral flexibility and, hence, the top-down control over bottom-up sensory information. The mechanisms underlying this capacity have been hypothesized… (more)

▼ Prefrontal cortex (PFC) is critical to behavioral flexibility and, hence, the top-down control over bottom-up sensory information. The mechanisms underlying this capacity have been hypothesized to involve the propagation of alpha/beta (8-30 Hz) oscillations via feedback connections to sensory regions. In contrast, gamma (30-160 Hz) oscillations are thought to arise as a function of bottom-up, feedforward stimulation. To test the hypothesis that such oscillatory phenomena embody such functional roles, we assessed the performance of nine monkeys on tasks of learning, categorization, and working memory concurrent with recording of local field potentials (LFPs) from PFC. The first set of tasks consisted of two classes of learning: one, explicit and, another, implicit. Explicit learning is a conscious process that demands top-down control, and in these tasks alpha/beta oscillations tracked learning. In contrast, implicit learning is an unconscious process that is automatic (i.e. bottom up), and in this task alpha/beta oscillations did not track learning. We next looked at dot-pattern categorization. In this task, category exemplars were generated by jittering the dot locations of a prototype. By chance, some of these exemplars were similar to the prototype (low distortion), and others were not (high distortion). Behaviorally, the monkeys performed well on both distortion levels. However, alpha/beta band oscillations carried more category information at high distortions, while gamma-band category information was greatest on low distortions. Overall, the greater the need for top-down control (i.e. high distortion), the greater the beta, and the lesser the need (i.e. low distortion), the greater the gamma. Finally, laminar electrodes were used to record from animals trained on working memory tasks. Each laminar probe was lowered so that its set of contacts sampled all cortical layers. During these tasks, gamma oscillations peaked in superficial layers, while alpha/beta peaked in deep layers. Moreover, these deep-layer alpha/beta oscillations entrained superficial alpha/beta, and modulated the amplitude of superficial-layer gamma oscillations. These laminar distinctions are consistent with anatomy: feedback neurons originate in deep layers and feedforward neurons in superficial layers. In summary, alpha/beta oscillations reflect top-down control and feedback connectivity, while gamma oscillations reflect bottom-up processes and feedforward connectivity.

Subjects/Keywords: Neurosciences; Beta; Gamma; Learning; Oscillations; Prefrontal cortex

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APA (6^th Edition):

Loonis, R. (2019). Beta oscillations underlie top-down, feedback control while gamma oscillations reflect bottom-up, feedforward influences. (Doctoral Dissertation). Boston University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2144/26506

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Loonis, Roman. “Beta oscillations underlie top-down, feedback control while gamma oscillations reflect bottom-up, feedforward influences.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Boston University. Accessed February 17, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2144/26506.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Loonis, Roman. “Beta oscillations underlie top-down, feedback control while gamma oscillations reflect bottom-up, feedforward influences.” 2019. Web. 17 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Loonis R. Beta oscillations underlie top-down, feedback control while gamma oscillations reflect bottom-up, feedforward influences. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Boston University; 2019. [cited 2020 Feb 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/26506.

Council of Science Editors:

Loonis R. Beta oscillations underlie top-down, feedback control while gamma oscillations reflect bottom-up, feedforward influences. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Boston University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/26506

Boston University

25. Onochie, Ifeanyirochukwu. Pre-synaptic and post-synaptic pathways from the hippocampus to medial prefrontal cortex in Rhesus monkeys.

Degree: MS, Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 2017, Boston University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/27066

► The hippocampal to medial prefrontal cortex (HPC-mPFC) pathway has a role in mnemonic processing. A key function of the hippocampus (HPC) is to organize contextual… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Neurosciences; Hippocampus; Medial prefrontal cortex; Monkeys; Rhesus

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APA (6^th Edition):

Onochie, I. (2017). Pre-synaptic and post-synaptic pathways from the hippocampus to medial prefrontal cortex in Rhesus monkeys. (Masters Thesis). Boston University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2144/27066

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Onochie, Ifeanyirochukwu. “Pre-synaptic and post-synaptic pathways from the hippocampus to medial prefrontal cortex in Rhesus monkeys.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Boston University. Accessed February 17, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2144/27066.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Onochie, Ifeanyirochukwu. “Pre-synaptic and post-synaptic pathways from the hippocampus to medial prefrontal cortex in Rhesus monkeys.” 2017. Web. 17 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Onochie I. Pre-synaptic and post-synaptic pathways from the hippocampus to medial prefrontal cortex in Rhesus monkeys. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Boston University; 2017. [cited 2020 Feb 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/27066.

Council of Science Editors:

Onochie I. Pre-synaptic and post-synaptic pathways from the hippocampus to medial prefrontal cortex in Rhesus monkeys. [Masters Thesis]. Boston University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/27066

Cornell University

26. Peters, Gregory. Contributions Of The Medial Prefrontal Cortex To Managing Memory And Resolving Mnemonic Interference .

Degree: 2016, Cornell University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/43613

► Mnemonic interference is the failure to retrieve a target memory due to the presence of other memories. Interference indicates underlying principles of memory organization, most… (more)

▼ Mnemonic interference is the failure to retrieve a target memory due to the presence of other memories. Interference indicates underlying principles of memory organization, most notably that there is an interdependent structure to memories. Interference is potentially problematic for retrieval in systems that store many memories, yet there is substantial evidence for neural mechanisms dedicated to managing interference in support of memory retrieval. This evidence indicates that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a critical structure for combatting interference. However, the majority of this evidence is derived from human imaging studies and behavior studies involving human subjects with non-specific PFC damage, which lack the experimental control to examine the precise neural operations that manage interference. Surprisingly, few animal models exist that explicitly examine the role of the PFC in managing mnemonic interference. This discrepancy may be due to a diverse literature on the functional contribution of the PFC, including its involvement in a variety of processes that fall under the broad category of executive control. Animal studies have modeled some of these other executive functions, particularly the PFC role in behavioral flexibility and task switching. This thesis argues that many executive functions attributed to the PFC and modeled in animals involve an underlying need to resolve conflict in neural representations developed over learning. This view may reduce the number of attributes needed to characterize PFC function. I test this hypothesis by examining the role of PFC in resolving mnemonic interference in rats and comparing this evidence to other animal models of PFC function. These studies provide strong evidence that the PFC is critical for the normal management of interference in rats, which is consistent with the human literature. Together this evidence indicates a fundamental role for PFC in managing mnemonic competition, which opens the door for detailed investigations of neural mechanisms of interference resolution in animal models of memory. Advisors/Committee Members: Cleland,Thomas A. (committeeMember), Cutting,James Eric (committeeMember), Devoogd,Timothy John (committeeMember).

Subjects/Keywords: Prefrontal Cortex; Mnemonic Interference; Cognitive Flexibility

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APA (6^th Edition):

Peters, G. (2016). Contributions Of The Medial Prefrontal Cortex To Managing Memory And Resolving Mnemonic Interference . (Thesis). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/43613

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Peters, Gregory. “Contributions Of The Medial Prefrontal Cortex To Managing Memory And Resolving Mnemonic Interference .” 2016. Thesis, Cornell University. Accessed February 17, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1813/43613.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Peters, Gregory. “Contributions Of The Medial Prefrontal Cortex To Managing Memory And Resolving Mnemonic Interference .” 2016. Web. 17 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Peters G. Contributions Of The Medial Prefrontal Cortex To Managing Memory And Resolving Mnemonic Interference . [Internet] [Thesis]. Cornell University; 2016. [cited 2020 Feb 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/43613.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Peters G. Contributions Of The Medial Prefrontal Cortex To Managing Memory And Resolving Mnemonic Interference . [Thesis]. Cornell University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/43613

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Toronto

27. Tu, Gaqi. Basal Forebrain Transient Cholinergic Signal in Prefrontal Cortex and its Role in Associative Learning.

Degree: 2018, University of Toronto

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/91689

►

Basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic neurons constitute a main neuromodulatory system in the brain and densely innervate to neocortex and hippocampus. Traditionally, acetylcholine (ACh) released from… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: basal forebrain; medial prefrontal cortex; memory; 0621

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Tu, G. (2018). Basal Forebrain Transient Cholinergic Signal in Prefrontal Cortex and its Role in Associative Learning. (Masters Thesis). University of Toronto. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1807/91689

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tu, Gaqi. “Basal Forebrain Transient Cholinergic Signal in Prefrontal Cortex and its Role in Associative Learning.” 2018. Masters Thesis, University of Toronto. Accessed February 17, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/91689.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tu, Gaqi. “Basal Forebrain Transient Cholinergic Signal in Prefrontal Cortex and its Role in Associative Learning.” 2018. Web. 17 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Tu G. Basal Forebrain Transient Cholinergic Signal in Prefrontal Cortex and its Role in Associative Learning. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Toronto; 2018. [cited 2020 Feb 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/91689.

Council of Science Editors:

Tu G. Basal Forebrain Transient Cholinergic Signal in Prefrontal Cortex and its Role in Associative Learning. [Masters Thesis]. University of Toronto; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/91689

Boston College

28. Worley, Nicholas B. Prefrontal Circuit Selection in Stress and Resilience.

Degree: PhD, Psychology, 2019, Boston College

URL: http://dlib.bc.edu/islandora/object/bc-ir:108656

► Stress is a risk factor for neuropsychiatric disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder and depression, yet not all individuals who are exposed to stress develop… (more)

▼ Stress is a risk factor for neuropsychiatric disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder and depression, yet not all individuals who are exposed to stress develop such disorders. Several factors influence susceptibility versus resilience to the effects of stress, including coping strategy biological sex. A growing body of research in humans has demonstrated that active coping strategies – defined as using available resources to problem solve – are positively correlated with resilience. In rodents, resilience to a potent acute stressor can be achieved through active coping, such as controlling the termination of a stressor, but only in males. During controllable stress males engage a stress mitigating pathway between the prelimbic (PL) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), but this pathway isn’t engaged by control in females or when stress is uncontrollable in both sexes. Thus, neural activity within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is a critical determinant of stressor-induced anxiety. The mechanism that engage vmPFC excitability are not well understood. Therefore, the goals of the dissertation were 1) determine if eCBs in the PL promote neuronal excitability and behavioral resilience 2) test if ES and IS result in differential activation PL afferents, and will specifically test if ES results in greater activation PL-inputs from action-outcome associated regions, while IS leads to greater engagement of stress/fear inputs to the PL, and 3) identify network-wide patterns of activation and test the hypothesis that the stress and action-outcome networks are differentially activated as a function of stressor controllability and/or sex. We’ve demonstrated that augmenting eCBs in the PL increased excitability through a CB1 and GABA receptor dependent mechanism and was sufficient to block the stress induced decrease in social exploration. Regarding goal 2, PL inputs from the orbitofrontal cortex and DRN were activated in response to stress per se, but were not sensitive to stressor controllability and did not differ between males and females. PL afferents from the basolateral amygdala and mediodorsally thalamus were not sensitive to stress. Lastly, we quantified Fos expression in response to controllable and uncontrollable stress in male and female rats in 24 brain regions associated with stress, action-outcome learning, and showing sex differences in response to stress. Using interregional correlations, we found differences in functional connectivity as a function of stressor controllability and sex when considering all 24 regions and when considering only stress associated regions. Females showed greater overall functional connectivity compared with males, and IS resulted in greater overall connectivity than ES. We also reveal potentially important nodes in functional connectivity networks using centrality measures to identify network hubs. The findings of this research emphasize the need to study differences between males and females across all realms of neuroscience, particularly in relation to disorders of… Advisors/Committee Members: John P. Christianson (Thesis advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: endocannabinoids; prefrontal cortex; resilience; sex differences; stress

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Worley, N. B. (2019). Prefrontal Circuit Selection in Stress and Resilience. (Doctoral Dissertation). Boston College. Retrieved from http://dlib.bc.edu/islandora/object/bc-ir:108656

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Worley, Nicholas B. “Prefrontal Circuit Selection in Stress and Resilience.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Boston College. Accessed February 17, 2020. http://dlib.bc.edu/islandora/object/bc-ir:108656.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Worley, Nicholas B. “Prefrontal Circuit Selection in Stress and Resilience.” 2019. Web. 17 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Worley NB. Prefrontal Circuit Selection in Stress and Resilience. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Boston College; 2019. [cited 2020 Feb 17]. Available from: http://dlib.bc.edu/islandora/object/bc-ir:108656.

Council of Science Editors:

Worley NB. Prefrontal Circuit Selection in Stress and Resilience. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Boston College; 2019. Available from: http://dlib.bc.edu/islandora/object/bc-ir:108656

University of California – San Francisco

29. Gee, Steven. Dissection of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Circuitry and its Dopaminergic Modulation.

Degree: Neuroscience, 2014, University of California – San Francisco

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7190v15m

► The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is comprised of a network of excitatory and inhibitory neurons that are critical for a number of cognitive processes including the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Neurosciences; Dopamine; Prefrontal Cortex; Pyramidal Neuron

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Gee, S. (2014). Dissection of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Circuitry and its Dopaminergic Modulation. (Thesis). University of California – San Francisco. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7190v15m

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gee, Steven. “Dissection of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Circuitry and its Dopaminergic Modulation.” 2014. Thesis, University of California – San Francisco. Accessed February 17, 2020. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7190v15m.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gee, Steven. “Dissection of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Circuitry and its Dopaminergic Modulation.” 2014. Web. 17 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Gee S. Dissection of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Circuitry and its Dopaminergic Modulation. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – San Francisco; 2014. [cited 2020 Feb 17]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7190v15m.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Gee S. Dissection of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Circuitry and its Dopaminergic Modulation. [Thesis]. University of California – San Francisco; 2014. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7190v15m

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Pennsylvania

30. Moberly, Andrew Henry. Olfactory Inputs Modulate Respiration-Related Activity In The Prefrontal Cortex And Fear Behavior.

Degree: 2018, University of Pennsylvania

URL: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3161

► Voluntary control of respiration, especially via rhythmic nasal breathing, alleviates negative feelings such as fear and is used clinically to manage certain types of panic… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Olfaction; Prefrontal Cortex; Respiration; Neuroscience and Neurobiology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Moberly, A. H. (2018). Olfactory Inputs Modulate Respiration-Related Activity In The Prefrontal Cortex And Fear Behavior. (Thesis). University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved from https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3161

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Moberly, Andrew Henry. “Olfactory Inputs Modulate Respiration-Related Activity In The Prefrontal Cortex And Fear Behavior.” 2018. Thesis, University of Pennsylvania. Accessed February 17, 2020. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3161.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Moberly, Andrew Henry. “Olfactory Inputs Modulate Respiration-Related Activity In The Prefrontal Cortex And Fear Behavior.” 2018. Web. 17 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Moberly AH. Olfactory Inputs Modulate Respiration-Related Activity In The Prefrontal Cortex And Fear Behavior. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Pennsylvania; 2018. [cited 2020 Feb 17]. Available from: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3161.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Moberly AH. Olfactory Inputs Modulate Respiration-Related Activity In The Prefrontal Cortex And Fear Behavior. [Thesis]. University of Pennsylvania; 2018. Available from: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3161

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Open Access Theses and Dissertations