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Dalhousie University
1.
Wright, Charles Stewart IV.
A STUDY OF THE ROLE OF INTRAGUILD PREDATION IN THE
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THREE SPECIES OF RHYACOPHILA.
Degree: MS, Department of Biology, 2011, Dalhousie University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10222/14146 
► Intraguild (IG) predation, where species within the same guild prey on each other, is common in aquatic communities. I used the abundance and distributional patterns…
(more)
▼ Intraguild (IG)
predation, where species within the
same guild prey on each other, is common in aquatic communities. I
used the abundance and distributional patterns of three species of
Rhyacophila (Trichoptera), derived from a survey of 25 streams in
Nova Scotia, Canada, to test several predictions of IG theory. I
first sampled microhabitats and conducted behavioural observations
to establish that the species do co-occur and prey on each other.
Abundance patterns did not conform to two key model predictions:
(1) Neither of the IG prey (R. minor, R. vibox) was excluded from
the most productive streams, and (2) IG prey densities were not
inversely related to productivity in streams with the IG predator
(R. fuscula). It remains possible that intraguild
predation occurs
between these species of Rhyacophilia, the measured abundances do
not indicate any measurable effects from IGP, the abundance being
determined instead by the availability of prey.
Advisors/Committee Members: Donna Giberson (external-examiner), Hal Whitehead (graduate-coordinator), Cindy Staicer (thesis-reader), Patricia Lane (thesis-reader), Sandra Walde (thesis-supervisor), Not Applicable (ethics-approval), Not Applicable (manuscripts), Not Applicable (copyright-release).
Subjects/Keywords: Biology; streams; predation; intraguild
predation
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APA (6th Edition):
Wright, C. S. I. (2011). A STUDY OF THE ROLE OF INTRAGUILD PREDATION IN THE
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THREE SPECIES OF RHYACOPHILA. (Masters Thesis). Dalhousie University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10222/14146
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wright, Charles Stewart IV. “A STUDY OF THE ROLE OF INTRAGUILD PREDATION IN THE
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THREE SPECIES OF RHYACOPHILA.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Dalhousie University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10222/14146.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wright, Charles Stewart IV. “A STUDY OF THE ROLE OF INTRAGUILD PREDATION IN THE
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THREE SPECIES OF RHYACOPHILA.” 2011. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Wright CSI. A STUDY OF THE ROLE OF INTRAGUILD PREDATION IN THE
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THREE SPECIES OF RHYACOPHILA. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Dalhousie University; 2011. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10222/14146.
Council of Science Editors:
Wright CSI. A STUDY OF THE ROLE OF INTRAGUILD PREDATION IN THE
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THREE SPECIES OF RHYACOPHILA. [Masters Thesis]. Dalhousie University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10222/14146
University of Cape Town
2.
White, Joseph Douglas Mandla.
Seed predation and potential dispersal of Ceratocaryum argenteum (Restionaceae) nuts by the striped mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio) / Joseph Douglas Mandla White.
Degree: Image, Biological Sciences, 2013, University of Cape Town
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14027
► This study aimed to better understand the role of rodents as seed predators and dispersers in the fynbos biome at De Hoop Nature Reserve, South…
(more)
▼ This study aimed to better understand the role of rodents as seed predators and dispersers in the fynbos biome at De Hoop Nature Reserve, South Africa in May and June, 2013. Based on previous studies I hypothesised that the large, nut-like seeds of Ceratocaryum argenteum (Restionaceae) are scatter-hoarded by rodents and that rodent seed choices and seed fates are affected by seed size and hull thickness. Field trials using three seed types showed that smaller seeds with a high reward and low processing cost were consumed significantly(p<0.01) more than large, thick hulled seeds. Application of wire tags to facilitate discovery of relocated seeds had no significant influence on seed choice (p>0.05), but further research should be conducted to determine if spooling of C. argenteum seeds influences rodent seed choice. Smaller seeds with a high-reward and low processing cost showed a significantly greater percentage of usage (p<0.01) where seed stations were encountered and exploited. Rhabdomys pumilio was confirmed as being the most common murid at the study site, however, it seems unlikely that it scatter-hoards C. argenteum seeds, as no consumption or burial of seeds was observed. However, R. pumilio did show an interest in C. argenteum seeds and attempted to consume some seeds or carried seeds over distances not significantly different (p>0.05) from the observed distances between nearest neighbour C.argenteum plants before discarding them on the soil. Additionally, the maximum distance R. pumilio moved C. argenteum seeds was commensurate with the maximum distance between nearest neighbour C. argenteum stands, so the end fate of the seeds remains unknown. Further research should account for seasonal variability in scatter-hoarding behaviour.
Advisors/Committee Members: Bronner, Gary N (advisor), Midgley Jeremy J (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Seed Predation
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APA (6th Edition):
White, J. D. M. (2013). Seed predation and potential dispersal of Ceratocaryum argenteum (Restionaceae) nuts by the striped mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio) / Joseph Douglas Mandla White. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14027
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
White, Joseph Douglas Mandla. “Seed predation and potential dispersal of Ceratocaryum argenteum (Restionaceae) nuts by the striped mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio) / Joseph Douglas Mandla White.” 2013. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14027.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
White, Joseph Douglas Mandla. “Seed predation and potential dispersal of Ceratocaryum argenteum (Restionaceae) nuts by the striped mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio) / Joseph Douglas Mandla White.” 2013. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
White JDM. Seed predation and potential dispersal of Ceratocaryum argenteum (Restionaceae) nuts by the striped mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio) / Joseph Douglas Mandla White. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2013. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14027.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
White JDM. Seed predation and potential dispersal of Ceratocaryum argenteum (Restionaceae) nuts by the striped mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio) / Joseph Douglas Mandla White. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14027
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
UCLA
3.
Luan, Jia.
Genetic Components involved in predator-prey interactions between Myxococcus xanthus and Escherichia coli.
Degree: Microbiology, Immunology, & Molecular Genetics, 2014, UCLA
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/75d7094m
► The predator-prey interaction between Myxococcus xanthus and Escherichia coli is a well known microbial behavior, but has not been systematically investigated at the molecular level.…
(more)
▼ The predator-prey interaction between Myxococcus xanthus and Escherichia coli is a well known microbial behavior, but has not been systematically investigated at the molecular level. In this study, we used the genetic approach to explore the mechanism underlining this interaction.In chapter I of this thesis, we adapted a genetic screening assay originally developed for studying phage-bacteria interactions to isolate and analyze M. xanthus mutants that are defective in their predatory behavior toward E. coli. Our genome-wide genetic screening in M. xanthus led to the discovery of several molecular components that are involved in the predator-prey interaction. Characterization of these M. xanthus mutants in chapter II demonstrated that genes involved in the biosynthesis of the polyketide antibiotic TA, were transcriptionally up-regulated in the presence of E. coli prey cells. Chapter III is focused on screening for E. coli mutants to further explore the genetic components of E. coli involved in its interaction with M. xanthus during predator-prey interaction. Our study shed light on the mechanism underlying the predator-prey interaction between M. xanthus and E. coli by revealing gene functions in both species that could potentially be involved in this intriguing process. More importantly, we demonstrated that M. xanthus is able to sense the presence of E. coli prey cells through direct cell-cell contact, and respond by up-regulating its antibiotic TA production for prey killing, indicating the predator- prey interaction is a well-regulated biological event.
Subjects/Keywords: Biology; Myxococcus; predation
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APA (6th Edition):
Luan, J. (2014). Genetic Components involved in predator-prey interactions between Myxococcus xanthus and Escherichia coli. (Thesis). UCLA. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/75d7094m
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Luan, Jia. “Genetic Components involved in predator-prey interactions between Myxococcus xanthus and Escherichia coli.” 2014. Thesis, UCLA. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/75d7094m.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Luan, Jia. “Genetic Components involved in predator-prey interactions between Myxococcus xanthus and Escherichia coli.” 2014. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Luan J. Genetic Components involved in predator-prey interactions between Myxococcus xanthus and Escherichia coli. [Internet] [Thesis]. UCLA; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/75d7094m.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Luan J. Genetic Components involved in predator-prey interactions between Myxococcus xanthus and Escherichia coli. [Thesis]. UCLA; 2014. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/75d7094m
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Alberta
4.
Knamiller, Peter Thurston.
Seasonal Wolf Predation in a Multi-Prey System in
West-Central Alberta.
Degree: MS, Department of Biological Sciences, 2011, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/x633f144k
► Estimating annual wolf kill rates and composition is important for assessing the impact of wolves on their prey and managing wolf-ungulate dynamics. Most studies have…
(more)
▼ Estimating annual wolf kill rates and composition is
important for assessing the impact of wolves on their prey and
managing wolf-ungulate dynamics. Most studies have focused on kill
rates of wolves in winter or single-ungulate dominated systems. I
used high intensity GPS tracking combined with scat analysis to
explored intra- and inter-seasonal variations in kill rates and
prey composition of wolves in a multi-prey ungulate population. I
found wolves in summer selected for neonate prey of all species
with deer comprising the greatest proportion of both adult and
neonate prey. Summer kill rates (0.21 ungulates/ adult wolf/day)
were among the highest (~1.5-2.5 times) reported in the literature
and were 2.5 times higher than winter rates (0.08+0.02), when
wolves killed a greater diversity of predominately adult prey.
Summer biomass consumption rates (4.22+0.36 kg/adult equivalent
wolf/day) were lower than in winter (7.93+4.08), when wolves were
less food limited. Seasonal differences in kill rates would have
lead to significant underestimates (~29%) of annual kill rates when
based on winter information only.
Subjects/Keywords: Wolf; Predation; Seasonal
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APA (6th Edition):
Knamiller, P. T. (2011). Seasonal Wolf Predation in a Multi-Prey System in
West-Central Alberta. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/x633f144k
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Knamiller, Peter Thurston. “Seasonal Wolf Predation in a Multi-Prey System in
West-Central Alberta.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed February 27, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/x633f144k.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Knamiller, Peter Thurston. “Seasonal Wolf Predation in a Multi-Prey System in
West-Central Alberta.” 2011. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Knamiller PT. Seasonal Wolf Predation in a Multi-Prey System in
West-Central Alberta. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2011. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/x633f144k.
Council of Science Editors:
Knamiller PT. Seasonal Wolf Predation in a Multi-Prey System in
West-Central Alberta. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2011. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/x633f144k
University of Alberta
5.
Banfield, Jeremiah E.
Cougar response to roads and predatory behaviour in
southwestern Alberta.
Degree: MS, Department of Biological Sciences, 2012, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/2r36tx75h
► In western North America cougar populations are increasing and expanding eastward. Simultaneously, growing human populations are creating new challenges for managers charged with maintaining the…
(more)
▼ In western North America cougar populations are
increasing and expanding eastward. Simultaneously, growing human
populations are creating new challenges for managers charged with
maintaining the viability of cougar populations and their ungulate
prey. Information on how cougars respond to human-dominated
landscapes and interact with their prey will aid managers in
balancing the effects of growing cougar populations with the wishes
of growing human populations. Using resource selections functions,
I examined cougar responses to roads of varying traffic volumes.
Cougars selected rugged terrain presumably to insulate themselves
from roads with greater traffic. When assessing impacts of
expanding road networks, more attention should be given to roadside
topography. Using fine-scale movement and activity data, I examined
cougar predatory behaviour. Cougars employed an active stalking
style of predation, moving throughout the landscape to locate,
stalk, and kill prey. Future models of predator-prey dynamics
should consider the cougar’s active style of
predation.
Subjects/Keywords: Roads; Predation; Cougar
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Banfield, J. E. (2012). Cougar response to roads and predatory behaviour in
southwestern Alberta. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/2r36tx75h
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Banfield, Jeremiah E. “Cougar response to roads and predatory behaviour in
southwestern Alberta.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed February 27, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/2r36tx75h.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Banfield, Jeremiah E. “Cougar response to roads and predatory behaviour in
southwestern Alberta.” 2012. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Banfield JE. Cougar response to roads and predatory behaviour in
southwestern Alberta. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2012. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/2r36tx75h.
Council of Science Editors:
Banfield JE. Cougar response to roads and predatory behaviour in
southwestern Alberta. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2012. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/2r36tx75h
Cornell University
6.
Kosloski, Mary.
Ecology And The Evolution Of Anti-Predatory Morphology Within Busyconine Whelks: A Pliocene To Recent Perspective.
Degree: PhD, Geological Sciences, 2012, Cornell University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/31223
► My dissertation focuses on the ecological circumstances associated with the evolution of heavily ornamented morphologies within Busyconine whelks. Busyconine whelks display a variety of shell…
(more)
▼ My dissertation focuses on the ecological circumstances associated with the evolution of heavily ornamented morphologies within Busyconine whelks. Busyconine whelks display a variety of shell forms in the Recent and fossil record, with heavily ornamented shells concentrated in the southern part of the modern species Busycon carica's range. In the fossil record, heavily ornamented shells recur in temporally disjunct populations over variable geographic extents from the Pliocene onwards. I investigated the function of shell sculpture (such as the tumid ridge, increased shell thickness, and spines), as well as fitness costs (such as reduced growth) associated with producing and maintaining heavily ornamented shells. I used stable isotopes to construct growth curves, and compared growth estimates to prior studies throughout B. carica's range. In modern populations of B. carica, increased ornamentation confers a significant benefit when dealing with shell crushing predators. Growth curves constructed from stable isotopes show a latitudinal trend in growth rates, with slower growth in northern populations, and also revealed diminished growth in the south within populations for heavily ornamented individuals, as compared to weakly ornamented individuals. Some prior growth studies have ignored episodicity of growth in Busycon; this has led to inaccurate estimation of rates. Future work should focus on both incorporating intervals of non-growth into models derived from markrecapture studies, and also on further examining growth costs associated with the development of heavily ornamented morphologies. This work also highlights the importance of standardizing for growth rates, body size, and degree of ornamentation when calculating repair frequencies. In the fossil record, adaptations are best developed in the Pliocene, and diminish sharply in abundance across the Plio-Pleistocene boundary coeval with a regional extinction event. The use of an ecometric approach, which advocates using the presence or absence of traits to assess environmental and ecological conditions, suggests that the maintenance of adaptations following the extinction event was diminished, likely as a combined response to both deteriorating environmental conditions and lower
predation rates. Higher
predation rates and more permissive environmental conditions in the late Pleistocene and Recent are correlated with increased abundance of defensive features.
Advisors/Committee Members: Allmon, Warren Douglas (chair), Dietl, Gregory P. (committee member), Cisne, John Luther (committee member), Harvell, Catherine Drew (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: predation; evolution; morphology
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APA (6th Edition):
Kosloski, M. (2012). Ecology And The Evolution Of Anti-Predatory Morphology Within Busyconine Whelks: A Pliocene To Recent Perspective. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/31223
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kosloski, Mary. “Ecology And The Evolution Of Anti-Predatory Morphology Within Busyconine Whelks: A Pliocene To Recent Perspective.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Cornell University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1813/31223.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kosloski, Mary. “Ecology And The Evolution Of Anti-Predatory Morphology Within Busyconine Whelks: A Pliocene To Recent Perspective.” 2012. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Kosloski M. Ecology And The Evolution Of Anti-Predatory Morphology Within Busyconine Whelks: A Pliocene To Recent Perspective. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cornell University; 2012. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/31223.
Council of Science Editors:
Kosloski M. Ecology And The Evolution Of Anti-Predatory Morphology Within Busyconine Whelks: A Pliocene To Recent Perspective. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cornell University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/31223
University of Texas – Austin
7.
Gemmell, Bradford James.
Evasion from predation : the perilous life of planktonic copepods throughout development.
Degree: PhD, Marine Science, 2011, University of Texas – Austin
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-3005
► As one of the most abundant metazoan groups on the planet, copepods are found in virtually all marine environments. They provide a key link in…
(more)
▼ As one of the most abundant metazoan groups on the planet, copepods are found in virtually all marine environments. They provide a key link in marine food webs between photosynthetic algae and higher trophic levels. Subsequently, copepods are preyed upon by a wide variety of organisms throughout their life history. As a result copepods have evolved a powerful escape behavior at all stages of development, in response to hydrodynamic stimuli created by an approaching predator. Typically copepods exhibit 6 naupliar stages and 5 copepodite stages before becoming adults. This work focuses on quantifying the effectiveness of the escape behavior during key periods of development. The earliest developmental stage of copepod (nauplius N1) experiences the greatest amount of viscous forces and may be at a disadvantage when exposed to larger predators at cold temperatures. The results show that the nauplius exhibits a compensatory mechanism to maximize escape performance across its thermal range. Later in development, the nauplius (N6 stage) molts into a copepodite (C1 stage) which resembles the body form of an adult copepod. Here, there is a significant morphological change with little change in mass. Escape capabilities are investigated for key stages in response to feeding strikes from natural fish predators. The results demonstrate that the improvement in escape capability of the C1 stage is effective only against certain modes of
predation. Finally, successfully escaping from
predation has evolutionary fitness implications and adults (post C5) are the only reproductive stage. Some species have developed unique mechanisms to avoid
predation such as breaking the water surface and making aerial escapes to avoid predators while in other cases, the predator has developed unique morphology in order to reduce the amount of hydrodynamic disturbance in the water which improves capture success of copepods. By investigating copepod behavior and their ability to avoid
predation at various stages of development, we can begin to understand which stages copepods are most susceptible to different types of predators and how the escape response changes as development progresses. This can help in understanding localized abundances or deficiencies of both predator and prey in the marine food web.
Advisors/Committee Members: Buskey, Edward Joseph, 1952- (advisor), Strickler, J. Rudi (committee member), Holt, G. Joan (committee member), Lenz, Petra (committee member), Shank, G. Christopher (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Copepod; Adaptation; Predation
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APA (6th Edition):
Gemmell, B. J. (2011). Evasion from predation : the perilous life of planktonic copepods throughout development. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-3005
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Gemmell, Bradford James. “Evasion from predation : the perilous life of planktonic copepods throughout development.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-3005.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Gemmell, Bradford James. “Evasion from predation : the perilous life of planktonic copepods throughout development.” 2011. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Gemmell BJ. Evasion from predation : the perilous life of planktonic copepods throughout development. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2011. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-3005.
Council of Science Editors:
Gemmell BJ. Evasion from predation : the perilous life of planktonic copepods throughout development. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-3005
Oregon State University
8.
Gaines, Steven D.
Diverse consumer guilds in intertidal communities of Oregon and the Republic of Panama and their effects on prey assemblages.
Degree: PhD, Zoology, 1982, Oregon State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/41597
► Low intertidal communities of Oregon and Panama have many predator and herbivore species. This diversity of consumers is important to the organization of both communities…
(more)
▼ Low intertidal communities of Oregon and Panama have many predator
and herbivore species. This diversity of consumers is important to the
organization of both communities because of qualitative differences
among the consumer species in their ability to circumvent specific prey
defenses. In Oregon, the red alga Iridaea cordata is protected by its
cuticle from damage by the isopod Idotea wosnesenskii; however, the
cuticle does not prevent feeding by three other common herbivores -
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (sea urchin), Katharina tunicata (chiton),
and Collisella pelta (limpet). In Panama, limpets are protected from
predators by their shells, but different shell forms deter different
predators. Flat, thin shells are difficult for large, shell-crushing
predators (Diodon hystrix [fish], Ozius verreauxii [crab]) to seize, yet
they are easily drilled by gastropods (Thais melones, Acanthina
brevidentata). Thicker, more conical limpet shells pose a barrier to
drilling, but are easily grasped and crushed by fishes and crabs.
In both systems variability in defense effectiveness, in conjunction
with high feeding intensities, greatly influences prey distribution and
diversity. Two mechanisms are important. (1) When discrete habitats.
harbor dissimilar consumers, feeding enhances between-habitat prey
diversity (= spatial variance in species composition). Enhancement of
diversity occurs when different prey species fall victim to consumption
in different habitats. Via this mechanism, the Rhodophyte Iridaea is
frequently restricted to vertical rock surfaces when adjacent horizontal
areas harbor many cuticle-impartial herbivores. Similarly, among
Panamanian limpets the opposing effects of drilling and crushing
predators restrict flat limpets to smooth surfaces where predaceous
gastropods are rare, and conical limpets to crevices and holes where
larger predators cannot penetrate. (2) When dissimilar consumers cooccur
in the same habitat, their feeding can depress within-habitat prey
diversity by reducing the chance of prey escapes. A reduction in
diversity occurs through complementary effects when weaknesses of one
consumer are partly or wholly counteracted by strengths of another.
This mechanism is especially important in Panama in specific habitats
exposed to both crushing and drilling predators. Under such conditions
all limpet species are rare since no shell shape deters both predator
groups.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lubchenco, Jane (advisor), King, Charles (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Predation (Biology)
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APA (6th Edition):
Gaines, S. D. (1982). Diverse consumer guilds in intertidal communities of Oregon and the Republic of Panama and their effects on prey assemblages. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/41597
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Gaines, Steven D. “Diverse consumer guilds in intertidal communities of Oregon and the Republic of Panama and their effects on prey assemblages.” 1982. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1957/41597.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Gaines, Steven D. “Diverse consumer guilds in intertidal communities of Oregon and the Republic of Panama and their effects on prey assemblages.” 1982. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Gaines SD. Diverse consumer guilds in intertidal communities of Oregon and the Republic of Panama and their effects on prey assemblages. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1982. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/41597.
Council of Science Editors:
Gaines SD. Diverse consumer guilds in intertidal communities of Oregon and the Republic of Panama and their effects on prey assemblages. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1982. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/41597
Oregon State University
9.
Kent, Bretton Wayne.
A study of predation on Notoplana acticola Boone, 1929 and Cucumaria curata Cowles, 1907 in mussel beds using a serological technique.
Degree: MS, Zoology, 1976, Oregon State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/43966
Subjects/Keywords: Predation (Biology)
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APA (6th Edition):
Kent, B. W. (1976). A study of predation on Notoplana acticola Boone, 1929 and Cucumaria curata Cowles, 1907 in mussel beds using a serological technique. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/43966
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kent, Bretton Wayne. “A study of predation on Notoplana acticola Boone, 1929 and Cucumaria curata Cowles, 1907 in mussel beds using a serological technique.” 1976. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1957/43966.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kent, Bretton Wayne. “A study of predation on Notoplana acticola Boone, 1929 and Cucumaria curata Cowles, 1907 in mussel beds using a serological technique.” 1976. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Kent BW. A study of predation on Notoplana acticola Boone, 1929 and Cucumaria curata Cowles, 1907 in mussel beds using a serological technique. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 1976. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/43966.
Council of Science Editors:
Kent BW. A study of predation on Notoplana acticola Boone, 1929 and Cucumaria curata Cowles, 1907 in mussel beds using a serological technique. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 1976. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/43966
Cornell University
10.
Turnipseed, Rakim.
Comparing Consequences Of Conspecific And Congeneric Competition For The Native Coccinella Novemnotata (Coleoptera: Coccinelidae).
Degree: M.S., Entomology, Entomology, 2013, Cornell University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/34342
► Three laboratory experiments were conducted to better understand the impact of an introduced coccinellid species, Coccinella septempunctata (C7), on a now rare native species, C.…
(more)
▼ Three laboratory experiments were conducted to better understand the impact of an introduced coccinellid species, Coccinella septempunctata (C7), on a now rare native species, C. novemnotata (C9), which, since the mid 1980s, has undergone drastic declines following the establishment of the former. In the first experiment, larvae of C7 and two populations of C9 were reared interspecifically and intraspecifically (C9 only) in pairs through adult eclosion at two aphid prey densities. C7 reduced the survival and increased the time-to-adult eclosion of both populations of C9. Additionally, C9 survival began decreasing sooner interspecifically than intraspecifically. In the second experiment, C9 survival and adult weight increased as C9 became more mature in development to C7. In the third experiment, adult C7 consumed fewer eggs than did C9 but more of C9 than C7 eggs were consumed. Thus, not only is interspecific competition potentially a threat to C9, but also cannibalism of C9 eggs.
Advisors/Committee Members: Losey, John E. (chair), Sanderson, John Philip (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Competition; Intraguild predation; Cannibalism
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APA (6th Edition):
Turnipseed, R. (2013). Comparing Consequences Of Conspecific And Congeneric Competition For The Native Coccinella Novemnotata (Coleoptera: Coccinelidae). (Masters Thesis). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/34342
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Turnipseed, Rakim. “Comparing Consequences Of Conspecific And Congeneric Competition For The Native Coccinella Novemnotata (Coleoptera: Coccinelidae).” 2013. Masters Thesis, Cornell University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1813/34342.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Turnipseed, Rakim. “Comparing Consequences Of Conspecific And Congeneric Competition For The Native Coccinella Novemnotata (Coleoptera: Coccinelidae).” 2013. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Turnipseed R. Comparing Consequences Of Conspecific And Congeneric Competition For The Native Coccinella Novemnotata (Coleoptera: Coccinelidae). [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Cornell University; 2013. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/34342.
Council of Science Editors:
Turnipseed R. Comparing Consequences Of Conspecific And Congeneric Competition For The Native Coccinella Novemnotata (Coleoptera: Coccinelidae). [Masters Thesis]. Cornell University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/34342
University of Georgia
11.
Schultheis, Richard D.
Trophic interactions in southeastern wetlands.
Degree: 2014, University of Georgia
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/22791
► Wetlands are naturally dynamic systems. In this study, I explored the effects of predation by a dynamic vertebrate complex on the aquatic invertebrate community of…
(more)
▼ Wetlands are naturally dynamic systems. In this study, I explored the effects of predation by a dynamic vertebrate complex on the aquatic invertebrate community of a southeastern wetland. A two-year predator exclusion experiment was used to
test for effects of predation by marbled salamanders (Ambystoma opacum), spotted salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum), red-spotted newts (Notophthalmus viridescens viridescens), bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), mosquitofish (Gambusia sp.) and bullfrogs (Rana
catesbeiana). Overall invertebrate responses to vertebrate reductions were minimal. Of sixty-five invertebrate taxa observed in the study, abundances of few differed with predator treatments, and these patterns were restricted to mainly April of both
years. These findings suggest that vertebrate predation was only seasonally important in this habitat, and complex interactions within the vertebrate community likely limited our ability to detect a response to predation in the invertebrate
community.
Subjects/Keywords: invertebrate; trophic; predation; salamander; fish
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APA (6th Edition):
Schultheis, R. D. (2014). Trophic interactions in southeastern wetlands. (Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10724/22791
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Schultheis, Richard D. “Trophic interactions in southeastern wetlands.” 2014. Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10724/22791.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Schultheis, Richard D. “Trophic interactions in southeastern wetlands.” 2014. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Schultheis RD. Trophic interactions in southeastern wetlands. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/22791.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Schultheis RD. Trophic interactions in southeastern wetlands. [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/22791
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Oregon State University
12.
Ingeman, Kurt E.
Effects of Predator Introductions on Population and Community Dynamics.
Degree: PhD, Zoology, 2016, Oregon State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/59847
► There is increasing awareness that human activities are altering the ways that natural systems operate and that local shifts in species composition and abundance can…
(more)
▼ There is increasing awareness that human activities are altering the ways that
natural systems operate and that local shifts in species composition and abundance
can lead to abrupt and irreversible global change. Therefore, understanding the
processes that buffer biological communities from critical shifts and how our actions
affect natural stabilizing feedbacks are important goals of ecology. One human
activity with far reaching consequences for global ecosystems is the introduction of
exotic species outside of their native ranges. Introduced predators, whose effects may
be exacerbated by lack of shared evolutionary history with native prey, can have
particularly strong effects on recipient communities. As trophic interactions play a
central role in both population regulation and community persistence, it is essential to
determine the extent to which introduction of novel predators can alter the function of
stabilizing mechanisms.
The goals of this dissertation were to use a combination of manipulative field
experiments and theoretical modeling to explore how introduced predators influence
invaded communities through their effects on the processes that naturally maintain
bounded prey population dynamics and promote community coexistence. Density-
dependent
predation can regulate prey populations by providing a negative feedback
in response to changes in population size. In my first experiment (Chapter 2), I
investigated the effects of invasive Indo-Pacific red lionfish (Pterois volitans) on
density-dependent mortality patterns previously documented to regulate a common
native Atlantic prey species, the fairy basslet (Gramma loreto) on coral reefs in the
Bahamas. By repeating a pre-invasion density-manipulation experiment, now in the
context of
predation by both native piscivores and lionfish, I demonstrated that per
capita loss of fairy basslet remained density-dependent in the presence of lionfish, but
the overall magnitude of loss was substantially greater compared to pre-invasion
rates. Per capita loss was higher in 13 out of 16 basslet populations with an average
increase of over 60% in the presence of the invader. The before-and-after design
provided no evidence for a change in the intensity of density dependence between
experiments, indicating the addition of destabilizing density-independent mortality
caused by lionfish.
In my second experiment (Chapter 3), I employed a split-plot, cross-factored
experimental design, manipulating both fairy basslet density and lionfish
presence/absence such that differences in per capita loss rates were attributable only
to
predation by the invader. Over four weeks, mortality of fairy basslet was far greater on lionfish reefs compared to reefs with only native predators, displaying 2.4
times higher net loss on recruitment-enhanced fairy basslet populations and a five-
fold increase in net loss at unmanipulated prey populations. Per capita loss was
density-dependent in both predator…
Advisors/Committee Members: Hixon, Mark A. (advisor), Menge, Bruce A. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Introduced species; Predation (Biology)
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Ingeman, K. E. (2016). Effects of Predator Introductions on Population and Community Dynamics. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/59847
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ingeman, Kurt E. “Effects of Predator Introductions on Population and Community Dynamics.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1957/59847.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ingeman, Kurt E. “Effects of Predator Introductions on Population and Community Dynamics.” 2016. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Ingeman KE. Effects of Predator Introductions on Population and Community Dynamics. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/59847.
Council of Science Editors:
Ingeman KE. Effects of Predator Introductions on Population and Community Dynamics. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/59847
Iowa State University
13.
Grausgruber, Emily E.
Looking for a bottleneck: Assessment of factors influencing post-stocking survival of advanced fingerling Walleye Sander vitreus.
Degree: 2020, Iowa State University
URL: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/17941
► Walleye Sander vitreus is a highly valued sportfish in North America. In 2001, 3.8 million anglers spent approximately 51.9 million days angling for Walleye (USFWS-USCB…
(more)
▼ Walleye Sander vitreus is a highly valued sportfish in North America. In 2001, 3.8 million anglers spent approximately 51.9 million days angling for Walleye (USFWS-USCB 2002). The popularity of Walleye has resulted in situations where demand exceeds supply, which has led to the development and implementation of stocking programs across the United States and Canada to enhance fishing opportunities (Lathrop et al. 2002), rebuild depleted stocks (Johnson et al. 1996; Li et al. 1996), and mitigate poor year classes from variable natural recruitment (Mitzner 1992; Johnson et al. 1996; Jennings et al. 2005; Logsdon et al. 2016; Reed and Staples 2017). However, mortality rates of stocked fishes can vary widely (27-95%; Stein et al. 1981; Buckmeier et al. 2005; Freedman et al. 2012; Weber et al. 2020) and small changes in survival can result in large differences in year-class strength and success of stocking initiatives.
Numerous biotic and abiotic factors can influence survival during early life stages of fish, such as transportation and stocking practices (Forsberg et al. 2001; Barton et al. 2003), predation (Santucci and Wahl 1993; Buckmeier et al. 2005; Thompson et al. 2016), available forage (Johnson et al. 1996; Hoxmeier et al. 2006), competition (Le Pape and Bonhommeau 2015; Chase et al. 2016), fish origin (Kellison et al. 2000; Jonsson and Jonsson 2003; Pollock et al. 2007), body size (Litvak and Leggett 1992; Meekan et al. 2006; Grausgruber and Weber in press), and water temperatures (Akimova et al. 2016; Wagner et al. 2017). Furthermore, the aforementioned factors do not act independently of each other, making it challenging to determine their importance. The growth-predation hypothesis predicts that selective mortality should decline as individuals grow and increase in size (Anderson 1988). Increases in size are also associated with decreased predation risk (Post and Evans 1989; Miranda and Hubbard 1994), where larger body size can reduce the chances of predation due to improved maneuverability and swimming speed (Videler 1993). The argument of "bigger-is-better" (Butler 1988; Miller et al. 1988; Litvak and Leggett 1992) has led hatcheries to raise progressively larger fingerling Walleye (Halverson 2008). However, hatchery production is an expensive and labor-intensive process, where production costs are generally positively related to rearing duration and fish size (Wedemeyer 2001). Therefore, it is advantageous to evaluate factors hypothesized to limit post-stocking Walleye survival (e.g., effects of transport duration and handling practices as well as post-stocking predation and starvation) to assess whether rearing larger fingerling Walleye (hereafter referred to as Walleye) is justifiable. The objectives of this dissertation included 1) evaluating relationships between Walleye transport duration with changes in water chemistry parameters, Walleye physiology, and short-term (48 hr) mortality; 2) evaluating whether consumed Walleye total length was related to predator total length, predator gape height, or the…
Subjects/Keywords: diet; predation; stocking; survival; Walleye
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APA (6th Edition):
Grausgruber, E. E. (2020). Looking for a bottleneck: Assessment of factors influencing post-stocking survival of advanced fingerling Walleye Sander vitreus. (Thesis). Iowa State University. Retrieved from https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/17941
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Grausgruber, Emily E. “Looking for a bottleneck: Assessment of factors influencing post-stocking survival of advanced fingerling Walleye Sander vitreus.” 2020. Thesis, Iowa State University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/17941.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Grausgruber, Emily E. “Looking for a bottleneck: Assessment of factors influencing post-stocking survival of advanced fingerling Walleye Sander vitreus.” 2020. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Grausgruber EE. Looking for a bottleneck: Assessment of factors influencing post-stocking survival of advanced fingerling Walleye Sander vitreus. [Internet] [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2020. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/17941.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Grausgruber EE. Looking for a bottleneck: Assessment of factors influencing post-stocking survival of advanced fingerling Walleye Sander vitreus. [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2020. Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/17941
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University
14.
Le Roux, Elizabeth.
The role of apex predators in ecosystem function: fear triggered cascades regulated by differential prey vulnerability.
Degree: Faculty of Science, 2016, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14774
► Trophic cascades involving large terrestrial mammals are very seldom empirically demonstrated. The high species diversity often associated with terrestrial systems is thought to modulate the…
(more)
▼ Trophic cascades involving large terrestrial mammals are very seldom empirically demonstrated. The high species diversity often associated with terrestrial systems is thought to modulate the strength of trophic cascades. In speciose systems, species often vary in vulnerability to consumption, hence some species are less responsive to top-down pressure. African large mammalian herbivores are highly diverse and vary greatly in body size, a characteristic linked to vulnerability to predation. Moreover, Africa is one of the last places to still support megaherbivores, species that have grown large enough to be practically impervious to non-human predation. Thus an African ecosystem is the ideal setting to explore trophic cascades in speciose terrestrial systems. In this study I explored patterns in trophic interaction amongst carnivores, vulnerable mesoherbivore and predator-invulnerable megaherbivores in an intact African savanna at a variety of spatial scales. I examined the mechanistic links between trophic levels at the patch scale through fine scale empirical manipulation of predation risk. In addition, I assessed the landscape scale biological relevance of these trophic interactions through correlative observations over large spatiotemporal scales. I present the first evidence of community level trophic cascades explicitly involving megaherbivores. I demonstrate how megaherbivores’ disregard of predation risk masks the effects of predator-triggered trophic cascades and weakens their impact on the ecosystem. The risk of predation triggered a spatial response in vulnerable species, driving them into safe areas, yet did not influence the space use of megaherbivores. This species-specific spatial response had contrasting effects on nutrient distribution. Vulnerable herbivores’ fear-induced foraging behaviour led to localised nutrient accumulation whereas the foraging behaviour of predator-invulnerable megaherbivores led to nutrient redistribution across the landscape. In addition, the fear-driven spatial differences in mesoherbivore grazing impact and nutrient deposition led to landscape scale changes in the distribution and persistence of herbivore maintained grass communities, so-called grazing lawns. However, the grazing activity of the in-vulnerable megagrazer, white rhino (Ceratotherium simum) weakened the effect of this trophic cascade by creating and maintaining grazing lawns within the risky habitat avoided by mesograzers. This study contributes to our understanding of what drives the variation among patterns of trophic control and provides the first evidence of the modulating influence that megaherbivores have on predator-triggered trophic cascades.
Subjects/Keywords: Top predators – Ecology; Predation (Biology)
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APA (6th Edition):
Le Roux, E. (2016). The role of apex predators in ecosystem function: fear triggered cascades regulated by differential prey vulnerability. (Thesis). Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14774
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Le Roux, Elizabeth. “The role of apex predators in ecosystem function: fear triggered cascades regulated by differential prey vulnerability.” 2016. Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14774.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Le Roux, Elizabeth. “The role of apex predators in ecosystem function: fear triggered cascades regulated by differential prey vulnerability.” 2016. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Le Roux E. The role of apex predators in ecosystem function: fear triggered cascades regulated by differential prey vulnerability. [Internet] [Thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2016. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14774.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Le Roux E. The role of apex predators in ecosystem function: fear triggered cascades regulated by differential prey vulnerability. [Thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14774
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Otago
15.
Knox, Carey Dylan.
Habitat requirements of the jewelled gecko (Naultinus gemmeus): effects of grazing, predation and habitat fragmentation
.
Degree: 2011, University of Otago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/595
► Understanding factors that influence the abundance of native lizards in ecosystems modified by invasive species is important, as today these ecosystems are globally abundant. Relationships…
(more)
▼ Understanding factors that influence the abundance of native lizards in ecosystems modified by invasive species is important, as today these ecosystems are globally abundant. Relationships between vegetation composition, livestock grazing and indicators of mammalian
predation were examined for the native jewelled gecko, Naultinus gemmeus (Diplodactylidae) on the Otago Peninsula, South Island, New Zealand. Livestock grazing was expected to prevent the proliferation of rank grass (which is often associated with high rodent densities) and thereby reduce the frequency of
predation by introduced rodents on jewelled geckos. Thus, activity of rodents was predicted to be lower and density of jewelled geckos higher at sites grazed by livestock. This was tested for two habitat types: shrubland dominated by Coprosma spp. and coastal forest dominated by kānuka (Kunzea ericoides). Abundance, density, detectability and incidence of tail loss in jewelled geckos were estimated using visual searches, photography and mark-recapture (POPAN formulation). Tracking tunnel surveys were undertaken at several sites to estimate the activity of introduced rodents. Selected habitat characteristics that were predicted to influence the density of jewelled geckos were measured and related to density using an information-theoretic approach.
The activity of rodents (Rattus sp. and Mus musculus) was significantly higher at ungrazed compared to grazed sites in both Coprosma shrubland and kānuka forest. Density of jewelled geckos in Coprosma was significantly (over four times) higher at grazed sites, although there was no significant difference in density between grazed and ungrazed kānuka forest. Incidence of tail loss in jewelled geckos was significantly higher in ungrazed Coprosma shrubland, possibly due to a greater number of
predation attempts by rodents. Density of jewelled geckos decreased with increasing grass height in Coprosma shrubland. Jewelled geckos favoured dense divaricating shrubs (particularly Coprosma spp., Corokia cotoneaster and Helichrysum glomeratum) and used these plants significantly more often than other plants relative to their availability.
On Otago Peninsula, livestock may facilitate the persistence of high-density populations of jewelled geckos in Coprosma by reducing the abundance of their major predators. As such, controlled grazing can provide a useful means for conserving jewelled geckos. Predator control (particularly in the absence of grazing), controlled grazing (to reduce rodent abundance and therefore
predation) and increasing the area of suitable jewelled gecko habitat (including the formation of habitat corridors) are considered priorities for gecko conservation.
In New Zealand, the fencing-off of bush fragments is often advocated due to the potential botanical benefits (e.g. increased regeneration) associated with livestock removal. However, this research indicates that in the absence of on-going, long-term rodent control it may often be beneficial to maintain grazing at Coprosma sites in order to…
Advisors/Committee Members: Seddon, Philip (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Naultinus;
grazing;
predation;
gecko
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APA (6th Edition):
Knox, C. D. (2011). Habitat requirements of the jewelled gecko (Naultinus gemmeus): effects of grazing, predation and habitat fragmentation
. (Masters Thesis). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/595
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Knox, Carey Dylan. “Habitat requirements of the jewelled gecko (Naultinus gemmeus): effects of grazing, predation and habitat fragmentation
.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Otago. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10523/595.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Knox, Carey Dylan. “Habitat requirements of the jewelled gecko (Naultinus gemmeus): effects of grazing, predation and habitat fragmentation
.” 2011. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Knox CD. Habitat requirements of the jewelled gecko (Naultinus gemmeus): effects of grazing, predation and habitat fragmentation
. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Otago; 2011. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/595.
Council of Science Editors:
Knox CD. Habitat requirements of the jewelled gecko (Naultinus gemmeus): effects of grazing, predation and habitat fragmentation
. [Masters Thesis]. University of Otago; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/595
Cape Peninsula University of Technology
16.
van der Walt, Johannes Adriaan.
Black bass (Micropterus spp.) in the Olifants- Doorn River system: distribution, distribution barries, predatory impact and management
.
Degree: 2014, Cape Peninsula University of Technology
URL: http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/856
► In the Cape Floristic Region the Olifants- Doorn River (ODR) system is a known biodiversity hotspot in terms of endemic freshwater fish. Eight of the…
(more)
▼ In the Cape Floristic Region the Olifants- Doorn River (ODR) system is a known biodiversity hotspot in terms of endemic freshwater fish. Eight of the 10 described native freshwater fish species are endemic to this river system. One of the main threats to these fish is
predation by introduced predatory fishes. Three species of alien invasive black bass (Micropterus salmoides, Micropterus dolomieu and Micropterus punctulatus) were introduced into the ODR system during the 1930s but prior to this study, their distribution and impacts had never been quantified on a system-wide basis. This study aimed to clarify the current distribution, distribution barriers, predatory impact and best management options for black bass in the ODR system. This was achieved by conducting a system-wide survey of 578 km of stream covering 41 tributaries in the ODR system. Black bass presence was tracked upstream within each tributary to its uppermost distribution point where physical barriers preventing further spread were identified and described. Fish species composition, abundance and size were recorded directly above and below these barriers to quantify black bass impact on the native fish.
This research demonstrated that since introduction, natural and human assisted dispersal has facilitated not only the establishment of black bass in the Olifants and Doring main streams but also facilitated the invasions into 22 tributaries. Based on survey results it was estimated that 81.5 % of the ODR system that was previously occupied by native cyprinids is now invaded by black bass. Assessments of native fish abundance and size distribution above and below black bass invasion barriers demonstrated that in invaded tributaries only adults of larger cyprinids (Labeo seeberi, Labeobarbus capensis and Barbus serra) were able to co-occur with black bass species. Smaller fish such as juvenile L. seeberi, L. capensis and B. serra and native minnows (Barbus calidus, Pseudobarbus phlegethon and Barbus anoplus) were absent from the black bass invaded reaches. The findings of this catchment scale study are consistent with findings from other studies in the region. As a result, most native fishes are now restricted to streams above the natural barriers that limit the upstream invasions of black bass. Black bass eradication from invaded reaches is therefore necessary for habitat restoration. Effective eradication will however depend on the presence of barriers to prevent re-invasion from downstream sources.
To better understand what constitutes the nature of such barriers, this study characterised the natural barriers that inhibited black bass invasions in 17 tributaries. Natural barriers comprised of 15 waterfalls, two cascades and one chute ranging in height from 0.49 m to 3.5 m with an average vertical drop of 1.21 ± 0.67 m. These findings suggest that black bass have poor jumping abilities and the recommended height of artificial barriers as part of a black bass management program should be between 80 and 100 cm depending on the size of the tributary. As…
Advisors/Committee Members: Radloff, Frans, Dr (advisor), Weyl, Olaf, Dr (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Black bass;
Micropterus;
Predation (Biology)
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APA (6th Edition):
van der Walt, J. A. (2014). Black bass (Micropterus spp.) in the Olifants- Doorn River system: distribution, distribution barries, predatory impact and management
. (Thesis). Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Retrieved from http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/856
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
van der Walt, Johannes Adriaan. “Black bass (Micropterus spp.) in the Olifants- Doorn River system: distribution, distribution barries, predatory impact and management
.” 2014. Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/856.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
van der Walt, Johannes Adriaan. “Black bass (Micropterus spp.) in the Olifants- Doorn River system: distribution, distribution barries, predatory impact and management
.” 2014. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
van der Walt JA. Black bass (Micropterus spp.) in the Olifants- Doorn River system: distribution, distribution barries, predatory impact and management
. [Internet] [Thesis]. Cape Peninsula University of Technology; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/856.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
van der Walt JA. Black bass (Micropterus spp.) in the Olifants- Doorn River system: distribution, distribution barries, predatory impact and management
. [Thesis]. Cape Peninsula University of Technology; 2014. Available from: http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/856
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
17.
Chen, Fangzhou.
Investigation of the survivability of escherichia coli under protozoa predation.
Degree: 2016, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
URL: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-87109
;
https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1627032
;
http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-87109/1/th_redirect.html
► Predation by protozoa is one of the most important factors that control bacterial population and affect bacteria evolution in the natural environment. However, most of…
(more)
▼ Predation by protozoa is one of the most important factors that control bacterial population and affect bacteria evolution in the natural environment. However, most of these studies focused on the resistance abilities of certain bacteria species. The variations at the strain level have been poorly known. The objective of this study is to investigate the bacteria strain level variations under predation stress and to correlate general predation resistance characteristics with variance survivability in microcosm experiments. Escherichia coli and Euplotes crassus were chosen as the prey and predator in this study. Predation resistance screenings were performed, followed by phenotypic tests including biofilm formation, cell aggregation, growth rate, cell size, and pathogenic gene detection. At last predation selection tests, which included the tests of colony persistence, and survivability tests of mixed E. coli strains under predation stress. The results showed that the E. coli strains with high survivability under ciliate predation tended to aggregate faster, forming more biofilm in the test condition, grow faster in low nutrient condition, and have smaller cell size. While the E. coli strain with low survivability share a specific pathogenic gene cdtB. The predation selection tests conducted using the mixed cultures of highest and lowest resistance E. coli strains showed that high resistance strain became the dominate of the E. coli population after 1 days’ incubation with predators. This suggests that predation could have a selection effect among different E. coli strains. In conclusion the results suggest that intraspecies diversity exists within E. coli population in terms of predation resistance, and the resistance ability may correlate with multiple phenotypic characteristics.
Subjects/Keywords: Predation (Biology)
; Protozoa
; Control
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APA (6th Edition):
Chen, F. (2016). Investigation of the survivability of escherichia coli under protozoa predation. (Thesis). Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Retrieved from http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-87109 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1627032 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-87109/1/th_redirect.html
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Chen, Fangzhou. “Investigation of the survivability of escherichia coli under protozoa predation.” 2016. Thesis, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-87109 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1627032 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-87109/1/th_redirect.html.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Chen, Fangzhou. “Investigation of the survivability of escherichia coli under protozoa predation.” 2016. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Chen F. Investigation of the survivability of escherichia coli under protozoa predation. [Internet] [Thesis]. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; 2016. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-87109 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1627032 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-87109/1/th_redirect.html.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Chen F. Investigation of the survivability of escherichia coli under protozoa predation. [Thesis]. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; 2016. Available from: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-87109 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1627032 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-87109/1/th_redirect.html
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Delft University of Technology
18.
Prodănescu, Alexandra (author).
Worm predation on excess activated sludge: Solids reduction capabilities and biochemical changes.
Degree: 2017, Delft University of Technology
URL: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:21f93e03-3809-45ab-b695-7ec0e9e1a4f2
► Aerobic, anaerobic and worm predated sequential batch digestion experiments were performed on waste activated sludge in order to compare the mechanisms and performances of these…
(more)
▼ Aerobic, anaerobic and worm predated sequential batch digestion experiments were performed on waste activated sludge in order to compare the mechanisms and performances of these three digestion processes. The Tubifex Tubifex specie was chosen to simulate the worm
predation process.
Advisors/Committee Members: de Kreuk, Merle (mentor), de Valk, Steef (mentor), Safar, Zeinab (mentor), Delft University of Technology (degree granting institution).
Subjects/Keywords: worm predation; Tubifex; sludge digestion
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APA (6th Edition):
Prodănescu, A. (. (2017). Worm predation on excess activated sludge: Solids reduction capabilities and biochemical changes. (Thesis). Delft University of Technology. Retrieved from http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:21f93e03-3809-45ab-b695-7ec0e9e1a4f2
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Prodănescu, Alexandra (author). “Worm predation on excess activated sludge: Solids reduction capabilities and biochemical changes.” 2017. Thesis, Delft University of Technology. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:21f93e03-3809-45ab-b695-7ec0e9e1a4f2.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Prodănescu, Alexandra (author). “Worm predation on excess activated sludge: Solids reduction capabilities and biochemical changes.” 2017. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Prodănescu A(. Worm predation on excess activated sludge: Solids reduction capabilities and biochemical changes. [Internet] [Thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2017. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:21f93e03-3809-45ab-b695-7ec0e9e1a4f2.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Prodănescu A(. Worm predation on excess activated sludge: Solids reduction capabilities and biochemical changes. [Thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2017. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:21f93e03-3809-45ab-b695-7ec0e9e1a4f2
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Western Carolina University
19.
Sollenberger, Daniel Scott.
Seasonal activity in dwarf waterdogs (Necturus punctatus) :
risk management or resource acquisition?.
Degree: 2013, Western Carolina University
URL: http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/listing.aspx?styp=ti&id=16637
► Predators can have non-consumptive effects (NCE) on prey populations in addition to normal consumptive effects. One of these NCE may be changes in patterns of…
(more)
▼ Predators can have non-consumptive effects (NCE) on
prey populations in addition to normal consumptive effects. One of
these NCE may be changes in patterns of behavior to reduce
predation risk. Aquatic salamanders of the genus Necturus exhibit
seasonal activity patterns, with observations of Necturus peaking
during mid-winter. Predator avoidance has been suggested as an
explanation for cool season activity; however, another hypothesis
is that increased Necturus activity during winter is related to
increased prey availability in leaf packs. To test the willingness
of juvenile dwarf waterdogs to forfeit a foraging opportunity in
the presence of different
predation threats, I constructed three
aquatic raceways. Three juvenile Necturus along with live
blackworms (Lumbriculus varigaetus) were added to one of two
chambers in each raceway. After foraging behavior by all Necturus
was observed, I added either a Rana clamitans tadpole (non-predator
control), an adult Necturus (gape-limited conspecific predator), or
a crayfish (non-gape-limited predator) to the first chamber in each
raceway. I removed the barrier detaining the juvenile waterdogs and
recorded the distance of each from the treatment chamber every two
minutes for a total of 14 min. I also sampled Necturus and
macroinvertebrates monthly from leaf packs in the South Fork of the
Edisto River near Windsor, SC. The purpose of this field study was
to examine the relationship between waterdog abundance in leaf
packs and the abundance of macroinvertebrate prey as an alternative
hypothesis for seasonal activity. Treatment had no effect on
waterdog behavior during lab trials. Necturus density was
positively correlated with macroinvertebrate density and maximum
stream discharge rate during the previous 30 days in partial
correlation analyses, as well as with a maximum previous
discharge/macroinvertebrate abundance interaction. My results
suggest dwarf waterdogs may not be abandoning foraging areas during
summer to avoid predators. Instead, increase in discharge rate may
act as a cue to stimulate waterdogs to leave their summer refugia
and move into leaf packs when prey density is at its peak.; leaf
pack, macroinvertebrates, Necturus,
predation risk, risk sensitive
foraging, waterdog
Advisors/Committee Members: Joseph Pechmann (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Necturus – Behavior; Predation (Biology)
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APA (6th Edition):
Sollenberger, D. S. (2013). Seasonal activity in dwarf waterdogs (Necturus punctatus) :
risk management or resource acquisition?. (Masters Thesis). Western Carolina University. Retrieved from http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/listing.aspx?styp=ti&id=16637
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Sollenberger, Daniel Scott. “Seasonal activity in dwarf waterdogs (Necturus punctatus) :
risk management or resource acquisition?.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Western Carolina University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/listing.aspx?styp=ti&id=16637.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Sollenberger, Daniel Scott. “Seasonal activity in dwarf waterdogs (Necturus punctatus) :
risk management or resource acquisition?.” 2013. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Sollenberger DS. Seasonal activity in dwarf waterdogs (Necturus punctatus) :
risk management or resource acquisition?. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Western Carolina University; 2013. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/listing.aspx?styp=ti&id=16637.
Council of Science Editors:
Sollenberger DS. Seasonal activity in dwarf waterdogs (Necturus punctatus) :
risk management or resource acquisition?. [Masters Thesis]. Western Carolina University; 2013. Available from: http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/listing.aspx?styp=ti&id=16637
Michigan State University
20.
Crowley, Philip Haney, 1946-.
Spatial heterogeneity and the stability of a predator-prey link.
Degree: PhD, Department of Zoology, 1975, Michigan State University
URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:43366
Subjects/Keywords: Predation (Biology)
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APA (6th Edition):
Crowley, Philip Haney, 1. (1975). Spatial heterogeneity and the stability of a predator-prey link. (Doctoral Dissertation). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:43366
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Crowley, Philip Haney, 1946-. “Spatial heterogeneity and the stability of a predator-prey link.” 1975. Doctoral Dissertation, Michigan State University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:43366.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Crowley, Philip Haney, 1946-. “Spatial heterogeneity and the stability of a predator-prey link.” 1975. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Crowley, Philip Haney 1. Spatial heterogeneity and the stability of a predator-prey link. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Michigan State University; 1975. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:43366.
Council of Science Editors:
Crowley, Philip Haney 1. Spatial heterogeneity and the stability of a predator-prey link. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Michigan State University; 1975. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:43366
Montana State University
21.
Hazen, Steven Robert.
The impact of wolves on elk hunting in Montana.
Degree: MS, College of Agriculture, 2012, Montana State University
URL: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/1450
► The controversy over gray wolves has been a continual debate throughout the American West since reintroduction in the mid 1990's. Hunter stances on this issue…
(more)
▼ The controversy over gray wolves has been a continual debate throughout the American West since reintroduction in the mid 1990's. Hunter stances on this issue vary across the state since the true impact of these predators is unknown. Following wolf recovery, researchers have found game numbers decreasing in some regions while remaining steady in others. Areas with game reduction have been found to have higher populations of predators, including grizzly bear, cougars, and wolves. Recently, Montana wolves have been taken off the federal list of endangered species, allowing the state game agency to manage populations. The purpose of this thesis is to develop a method to analyze the impact of wolves on elk harvest and a proxy for hunter demand throughout three distinct regions. A system of equations derived from overall biological models was used to form the basis of the empirical models. The dependent variables that are developed assess the impact of wolves on the quantity of both elk harvest and hunter applications. The wolf variables included in the models capture the population of wolves and how their impact changes as hunting moves farther away from reintroduction areas. The time period considered is from 1999 to 2010. Data prior to 1999, when wolves were first reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park (YNP), has not been released by Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks (MFWP), therefore limiting this analysis. The results from the empirical estimations suggest wolves are reducing overall hunter demand in both the southwest and west central regions. In particular, the southwest region is seeing a shift in hunter applications from areas less than 25 miles to YNP to areas ranging from 25 to 50 miles. No statistically significant regional effect of wolves on hunter harvest was found in any region analyzed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Joseph Atwood. (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Wolves.; Elk.; Hunting.; Predation (Biology).
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APA (6th Edition):
Hazen, S. R. (2012). The impact of wolves on elk hunting in Montana. (Masters Thesis). Montana State University. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/1450
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hazen, Steven Robert. “The impact of wolves on elk hunting in Montana.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Montana State University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/1450.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hazen, Steven Robert. “The impact of wolves on elk hunting in Montana.” 2012. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Hazen SR. The impact of wolves on elk hunting in Montana. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Montana State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/1450.
Council of Science Editors:
Hazen SR. The impact of wolves on elk hunting in Montana. [Masters Thesis]. Montana State University; 2012. Available from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/1450
Montana State University
22.
Forzley, Michael James.
Spatiotemporal covariates, individual characteristics, and mountain lion harvest as potential sources of variation in elk calf survival.
Degree: MS, College of Letters & Science, 2019, Montana State University
URL: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/15536
► To understand the efficacy of increasing the harvest of large carnivores for increasing elk calf survival, we compared calf survival data collected from two elk…
(more)
▼ To understand the efficacy of increasing the harvest of large carnivores for increasing elk calf survival, we compared calf survival data collected from two elk herds before, during, and after a mountain lion harvest treatment which consisted of increases in prescribed mountain lion harvest quotas. We collected survival data from 534 radio-tagged elk calves in both the East Fork and West Fork herds of the upper Bitterroot Valley of west-central Montana. We used these data and time-to-event analyses to estimate the annual rates of survival and cause-specific mortality for elk calves in the study, as well as estimate the relationships between elk calf survival and several factors previously related to variation in annual elk calf survival. Average annual rates of survival for female calves before the mountain lion harvest treatment (pre-treatment era) were 0.38 (95% CI = 0.00-0.54) in the West Fork herd, and 0.37 (95% CI = 0.09-0.65) in the East Fork herd. Annual rates of survival for female calves during the harvest treatment (during-treatment era) were 0.65 (95% CI = 0.47-0.83) in the West Fork herd and 0.65 (95% CI = 0.46-0.87) in the East Fork herd. Annual rates of survival for female calves 4-5 years post-harvest treatment (post-treatment era) were 0.46 (95% CI = 0.31-0.61) in the West Fork herd and 0.47 (95% CI = 0.32-0.62) in the East Fork herd. Survival of male calves followed a similar pattern. Rates of mountain lion
predation were highest in the pre-treatment era, moderate in the during-treatment era, and lowest in the post-treatment era. However, decreased rates of mountain lion
predation following mountain lion harvest treatment coincided with increased probability of non-
predation related mortality, and short-term changes in annual elk calf survival. Our results suggest that mountain lion harvest management prescriptions designed to achieve moderate, short-term reductions in mountain lion population abundance may be effective in allowing for short-term increases in elk calf recruitment and may be an effective management tool to increase calf recruitment.
Advisors/Committee Members: Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Jay J. Rotella (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Elk.; Mortality.; Puma.; Predation (Biology).
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APA (6th Edition):
Forzley, M. J. (2019). Spatiotemporal covariates, individual characteristics, and mountain lion harvest as potential sources of variation in elk calf survival. (Masters Thesis). Montana State University. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/15536
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Forzley, Michael James. “Spatiotemporal covariates, individual characteristics, and mountain lion harvest as potential sources of variation in elk calf survival.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Montana State University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/15536.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Forzley, Michael James. “Spatiotemporal covariates, individual characteristics, and mountain lion harvest as potential sources of variation in elk calf survival.” 2019. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Forzley MJ. Spatiotemporal covariates, individual characteristics, and mountain lion harvest as potential sources of variation in elk calf survival. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Montana State University; 2019. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/15536.
Council of Science Editors:
Forzley MJ. Spatiotemporal covariates, individual characteristics, and mountain lion harvest as potential sources of variation in elk calf survival. [Masters Thesis]. Montana State University; 2019. Available from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/15536
23.
Droge, Egil Dag.
Risky business: dealing with risk in a predator - prey community.
Degree: PhD, College of Letters & Science, 2017, Montana State University
URL: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/12773
► The Liuwa ecosystem has several ecological properties that affect interactions among large predators, with lions and hyaenas as dominant species and African wild dog and…
(more)
▼ The Liuwa ecosystem has several ecological properties that affect interactions among large predators, with lions and hyaenas as dominant species and African wild dog and cheetah as subordinate species, and between predator and prey. First, the vegetation structure is highly uniform and typified by open grasslands with good visibility over long distances. Secondly the prey community is heavily dominated by wildebeest, with much lower numbers of zebra, oribi and other species. These characteristics combined with GPS data on a fine spatial scale, and a large observational dataset on both predators and prey enabled us to focus on several little-studied questions about the effects of
predation risk in the wild. Interspecific competition between predators can be a strongly limiting force for subordinate predators like cheetahs and African wild dogs. Both species use niche partitioning to reduce the risk of dangerous interactions in different ways that appear to have ramifications for coexistence. Wild dogs showed more dietary and temporal overlap with dominant competitors while cheetahs combine divergence in diet, temporal avoidance and reactive local spatial avoidance to coexist with lions and hyenas in areas of high prey density, even in open habitats. These results provide new insight into the conditions under which partitioning may not allow for coexistence of African wild dog, while it does for cheetah, with dominant predators making wild dogs more prone to competitive exclusion (local extirpation), particularly in open, uniform ecosystems with simple prey communities. Focusing on predator-prey relationships the overall the conclusion is that the assessment of risk by animals is a very fine-tuned process. Our results confirm that both the risky places hypothesis (LT risk) and the risky times hypothesis (ST risk) are important, leading to both reactive and proactive responses. Critically, these effects do not act independently in their effects on the strength of antipredator responses. This interaction presents challenges for the design of research on risk effects. An effect of ST risk could be masked by unmeasured variation in LT risk (or vice versa), and an effect of ST risk might be caused by unmeasured variation in LT risk (or vice versa).
Advisors/Committee Members: Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Scott Creel (advisor), Scott Creel, Matthew S. Becker and Jassiel M'soka were co-authors of the article, 'Spatial and temporal avoidance of risk within a large carnivore guild - predator avoidance by predators' in the journal 'Ecology and evolution' which is contained within this thesis. (other), Scott Creel, Matthew S. Becker and Jassiel M'soka were co-authors of the article, 'Measuring the 'landscape of fear': risky times and risky places interact to affect the response of prey' in the journal 'Ecology and evolution' which is contained within this thesis. (other), Scott Creel, Matthew S. Becker, David A. Christianson and Fred G.R. Watson were co-authors of the article, 'Response of wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) movements to spatial variation in long term risks from a complete predator guild' which is contained within this thesis. (other).
Subjects/Keywords: Predation (Biology).; Competition (Biology).; Risk.
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APA (6th Edition):
Droge, E. D. (2017). Risky business: dealing with risk in a predator - prey community. (Doctoral Dissertation). Montana State University. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/12773
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Droge, Egil Dag. “Risky business: dealing with risk in a predator - prey community.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Montana State University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/12773.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Droge, Egil Dag. “Risky business: dealing with risk in a predator - prey community.” 2017. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Droge ED. Risky business: dealing with risk in a predator - prey community. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Montana State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/12773.
Council of Science Editors:
Droge ED. Risky business: dealing with risk in a predator - prey community. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Montana State University; 2017. Available from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/12773
University of Florida
24.
Rodriguez Barbosa, Camila Andrea.
Interspecific Interactions of Two Invasive Lizards in an Urban Environment.
Degree: MS, Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, 2017, University of Florida
URL: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0051613
► Human-modified environments often support a diversity of non-native wildlife species. Urbanized areas of South Florida, for example, support numerous species of nonindigenous herpetofauna. However, trophic…
(more)
▼ Human-modified environments often support a diversity of non-native wildlife species. Urbanized areas of South Florida, for example, support numerous species of nonindigenous herpetofauna. However, trophic interactions among many of these species have not been investigated despite their influence on ecosystem dynamics. This study seeks to increase understanding of the predator-prey relationship between two invasive species of lizards in an urban setting. I performed a field experiment at eight shopping plazas in Broward County, Florida, to investigate how body condition, abundance and survivorship of the Brown Anole (Anolis sagrei) would respond to reduction of its predator, the Northern Curly-tailed Lizard (Leiocephalus carinatus). Additionally, I evaluated how reduced predator pressure alters Brown Anole habitat use. I conducted a mark-recapture study to estimate population parameters, including environmental and arthropod diversity as covariates. My results indicate that Brown Anole abundance and survival probability significantly increased after removal of Northern Curly-tailed Lizards, whereas Brown Anole body condition was influenced only by time. Brown Anoles exhibited a shift in their spatial use by moving to lower habitat levels in absence of the Northern Curly-tailed Lizard. My results provide evidence for an intraguild predator role of the Northern Curly-tailed Lizard of another introduced lizard in urban communities. Removing Northern Curly-tailed Lizards presumably released Brown Anoles from
predation pressure. This suggests unintended consequences can occur when removing an invasive species without adequate understanding of the trophic dynamics of the ecosystem, in which it is established. ( en )
Advisors/Committee Members: JOHNSON,STEVEN A (committee chair), BAISER,BENJAMIN H (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: competition – introduced – lizard – predation – urban
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APA (6th Edition):
Rodriguez Barbosa, C. A. (2017). Interspecific Interactions of Two Invasive Lizards in an Urban Environment. (Masters Thesis). University of Florida. Retrieved from https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0051613
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Rodriguez Barbosa, Camila Andrea. “Interspecific Interactions of Two Invasive Lizards in an Urban Environment.” 2017. Masters Thesis, University of Florida. Accessed February 27, 2021.
https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0051613.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Rodriguez Barbosa, Camila Andrea. “Interspecific Interactions of Two Invasive Lizards in an Urban Environment.” 2017. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Rodriguez Barbosa CA. Interspecific Interactions of Two Invasive Lizards in an Urban Environment. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Florida; 2017. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0051613.
Council of Science Editors:
Rodriguez Barbosa CA. Interspecific Interactions of Two Invasive Lizards in an Urban Environment. [Masters Thesis]. University of Florida; 2017. Available from: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0051613
Victoria University of Wellington
25.
Glockner Fagetti, Andrea.
Distribution and recruitment patterns of Evechinus chloroticus and other New Zealand echinoderms: The role of pre- and post-settlement events.
Degree: 2020, Victoria University of Wellington
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/8690
► Numerous environmental and biological processes are responsible for shaping community structure in temperate rocky reefs. Replenishment of most marine invertebrate populations is largely determined by…
(more)
▼ Numerous environmental and biological processes are responsible for shaping community structure in temperate rocky reefs. Replenishment of most marine invertebrate populations is largely determined by recruitment success, but it can be highly variable at different spatial and temporal scales. Recruitment is a complex process that involves larval supply, settlement (attachment to a suitable substrate and metamorphosis) and survival and growth of settled juveniles. However, factors controlling recruitment of mobile invertebrates, such as sea urchins, remain largely unknown. This study examines the major biotic and abiotic processes affecting early life stages of the sea urchin Evechinus chloroticus, and to what extent these events control the size and distribution of adult populations. This thesis contributes to a better understanding of the processes shaping population structure of E. chloroticus and other echinoderm species.
In Chapter 2, I investigated the spatial and temporal variation in settlement of E. chloroticus, during the austral summer, at five sites in two locations of the Wellington region (Harbour and South coast) that differ in population structure and environmental conditions. The highest mean seawater temperature and lowest salinity were observed in the Harbour, while the South coast displayed higher chlorophyll and turbidity values. Density of adult sea urchins was significantly higher in the Harbour compared to the South coast and was significantly correlated to the predominant habitat type (shells). The mean size of urchins was larger in the South coast sites and juveniles (<20 mm) were only found at one site in the Harbour. Settlement was very infrequent and spatially variable. Pulses of settlement occurred in February 2018 and January 2019, in the Harbour sites and Breaker Bay (mouth of the Harbour), but not on the South coast. The presence of a young adult cohort (40 – 60 mm) at these sites suggests that there has not been a large episode of recruitment in 2 to 3 years. The low recruitment patterns observed here could be similar in other parts of New Zealand where sea urchin barrens are not very common.
In Chapter 3, I described the echinoderm assemblage in the Wellington region and their recruitment patterns. Echinoderms play important ecological roles in the benthic community, but the ecological processes that regulate species assemblages are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to analyse variation in abundance, settlement, and the correlation with environmental variables. Five echinoderm species were responsible for the assemblage variation within sites and their density was highly correlated with habitat composition. Cushion stars (Patiriella regularis) were highly abundant at all sites, while eleven-armed sea stars (Coscinasterias muricata) and snake brittle stars (Ophiopsammus maculata) were dominant in the Harbour and Moa Point respectively. Settlement of echinoderms was moderately correlated with temperature, and showed significant differences between the Harbour and the…
Advisors/Committee Members: Phillips, Nicole, Bell, James.
Subjects/Keywords: Kina; Settlement; Larval development; Predation
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APA (6th Edition):
Glockner Fagetti, A. (2020). Distribution and recruitment patterns of Evechinus chloroticus and other New Zealand echinoderms: The role of pre- and post-settlement events. (Doctoral Dissertation). Victoria University of Wellington. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10063/8690
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Glockner Fagetti, Andrea. “Distribution and recruitment patterns of Evechinus chloroticus and other New Zealand echinoderms: The role of pre- and post-settlement events.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, Victoria University of Wellington. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10063/8690.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Glockner Fagetti, Andrea. “Distribution and recruitment patterns of Evechinus chloroticus and other New Zealand echinoderms: The role of pre- and post-settlement events.” 2020. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Glockner Fagetti A. Distribution and recruitment patterns of Evechinus chloroticus and other New Zealand echinoderms: The role of pre- and post-settlement events. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2020. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/8690.
Council of Science Editors:
Glockner Fagetti A. Distribution and recruitment patterns of Evechinus chloroticus and other New Zealand echinoderms: The role of pre- and post-settlement events. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/8690
Victoria University of Wellington
26.
Mortimer, Charli.
Trophic interactions of marine sponges.
Degree: 2020, Victoria University of Wellington
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/9319
► Marine communities in the Anthropocene are changing rapidly with potentially severe consequences for ecosystem functioning. Recently, there has been increased interest in the ecological role…
(more)
▼ Marine communities in the Anthropocene are changing rapidly with potentially severe consequences for ecosystem functioning. Recently, there has been increased interest in the ecological role of sponges, particularly on coral reefs, driven by evidence that sponges may be less affected by this period of environmental change than other benthic organisms. The Sampela reef system in the Wakatobi Marine National Park, Indonesia, is an example of a reef that has shifted to sponge dominance following a decline in hard corals and an increase in sponge density. Previous research suggests that the Sampela reef system may support a greater abundance of spongivorous fishes relative to surrounding reefs, however, uncertainties remain regarding spongivore identity and predated sponges. In addition, little is known about how shifts towards sponge dominance affect the trophic structure of reefs. The primary aim of my thesis was to investigate sponge trophic interactions to gain insight into the way sponge-dominated reefs of the future might function. This information is essential to predict the broader functional consequences of increasing sponge dominance on reefs in the Anthropocene.
In my first data chapter, I measured the functional impact of spongivorous fishes by quantifying sponge biomass consumption on Wakatobi reefs. Video analysis identified 33 species from 10 families of reef fish grazing on Xestospongia spp., although 95% of bites were taken by only 11 species. Gut content analysis indicated that Pygoplites diacanthus and Pomacanthus imperator were obligate spongivores and Pomacanthus xanthometopon, Zanclus cornutus and Siganus punctatus regularly consumed sponges. In situ feeding observations revealed that sponges from the family Petrosiidae are preferred by P. diacanthus and Z. cornutus. Spongivores were estimated to consume 46.6 ± 18.3 g sponge 1000 m- 2 of reef day-1 and P. diacanthus had the greatest predatory impact on sponges. While estimates provided here are conservative and likely underestimate the true magnitude of spongivory on Indo-Pacific coral reefs, this chapter provides the first known estimate of reef wide sponge biomass consumption. Comparisons with published data estimating coral consumption by Chaetodontids in the Pacific suggests that biomass transferred through both pathways is similar in magnitude. Hence spongivory is an important, yet overlooked, trophic pathway on Indo-Pacific reefs.
In my second data chapter, I developed genetic methods to identify sponges from the stomach contents of spongivorous angelfishes sampled in my first chapter. A range of primers and associated predator-blocking primers targeting the 18S rDNA gene were designed and tested on extracts of sponge and spongivore DNA. Sequences were successfully amplified from 14 sponges spanning 6 orders of Porifera, with the majority of samples identified belonging to the order Haplosclerida. This study is the first to successfully sequence sponges from the gut contents of spongivorous fishes. Sequence data indicated that Pygoplites…
Advisors/Committee Members: Bell, James, Dunn, Matt.
Subjects/Keywords: sponges; predation; coral reefs
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APA (6th Edition):
Mortimer, C. (2020). Trophic interactions of marine sponges. (Doctoral Dissertation). Victoria University of Wellington. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10063/9319
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mortimer, Charli. “Trophic interactions of marine sponges.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, Victoria University of Wellington. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10063/9319.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mortimer, Charli. “Trophic interactions of marine sponges.” 2020. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Mortimer C. Trophic interactions of marine sponges. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2020. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/9319.
Council of Science Editors:
Mortimer C. Trophic interactions of marine sponges. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/9319
27.
Michaud, Jennifer C.
Nest Predation and Brood Parasitism in Riparian Breeding Wilson's Warblers (Wilsonia pusilla chryseola).
Degree: Department of Biology, 2001, Sonoma State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.1/1737
► The Pacific coast Wilson's warbler (Wilsonia pusilla chryseola) is a widespread and common Neotropical migrant breeding in moist coastal woodlands or along streams, from Santa…
(more)
▼ The Pacific coast Wilson's warbler (Wilsonia pusilla chryseola) is a widespread and common Neotropical migrant breeding in moist coastal woodlands or along streams, from Santa Barbara County, California to southwestern British Colombia. Evidence of loca1 decline in breeding Pacific coast populations over the past few decades has been indicated from Breeding Bird Survey data. While these declines have been attributed in part to the loss of riparian breeding habitat, the role of cowbird parasitism and nest
predation as contributing factors have not been elucidated.
In this study, I examined the dynamics of brood parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds
(Molothrus ater) and nest
predation by various predatory vertebrates in Wilson's
warblers. The first research object was, to document the occurrence and frequency of
brood parasitism and nest
predation in Wilson's warblers and second, to evaluate their
effects on warbler reproductive success. I also investigated the influence of nest-site
selection on the probability of both brood parasitism and nest
predation. Finally, I
applied a mathematical model predicting population trends for Wilson's warblers
breeding in coastal riparian habitats in Marin County, California.
During the breeding seasons of 1997 to 2000, nesting data was collected along Lagunitas Creek and Redwood Creek in the Golden Gate National Recreation Area in coastal Marin County, California.
Of the 90 warbler nests located and monitored, 30 nests were parasitized by cowbirds and 54 nests were preyed upon by various predatory vertebrates. Nest success, as calculated by the Mayfield method, was 7.65% for all sites and years combined. Brood parasitism
and nest
predation rates were similar across years at each site, and throughout the
breeding season. Both cowbird parasitism and nest
predation rates were highest at
portions of the study sites closest to human habitation.
Predation rates were higher
during the brood rearing stage than during the egg laying and incubation stages.
Reproductive success was lower in nests parasitized by cowbirds and significant
reductions in clutch size, hatching success, hatchling number, fledging success, and
fledgling number were observed. However, there were no significant differences in nest-site characteristics with respect to nest
predation and cowbird parasitism. Based on estimates obtained from the population growth model, this regional population of
Wilson's warbler constitutes a sink.
These results suggest that Wilson's warblers breeding in coastal Marin County are at risk
of local extirpation in the absence of immigration from source population. Low
reproductive success appears to be the result of high levels on nest
predation and brood parasitism. These results are compatible with other studies of nesting Success showing brood parasitism and nest
predation to be the leading causes of nest mortality in songbird populations.
Advisors/Committee Members: Michaud, Jennifer C. (sonomaauthor).
Subjects/Keywords: nest predation
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APA (6th Edition):
Michaud, J. C. (2001). Nest Predation and Brood Parasitism in Riparian Breeding Wilson's Warblers (Wilsonia pusilla chryseola). (Masters Thesis). Sonoma State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10211.1/1737
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Michaud, Jennifer C. “Nest Predation and Brood Parasitism in Riparian Breeding Wilson's Warblers (Wilsonia pusilla chryseola).” 2001. Masters Thesis, Sonoma State University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10211.1/1737.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Michaud, Jennifer C. “Nest Predation and Brood Parasitism in Riparian Breeding Wilson's Warblers (Wilsonia pusilla chryseola).” 2001. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Michaud JC. Nest Predation and Brood Parasitism in Riparian Breeding Wilson's Warblers (Wilsonia pusilla chryseola). [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Sonoma State University; 2001. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.1/1737.
Council of Science Editors:
Michaud JC. Nest Predation and Brood Parasitism in Riparian Breeding Wilson's Warblers (Wilsonia pusilla chryseola). [Masters Thesis]. Sonoma State University; 2001. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.1/1737
28.
Rodenas, Yann J.
The role of anthocyanin as an attractant in Sarracenia leucophylla Raf.
Degree: Thesis (M.S.), 2012, Ball State University
URL: http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/195946
► Anthocyanin pigment and physical pitcher characteristics were directly proportional to captured prey mass by Sarracenia leucophylla Raf. Few experiments have been conducted to test the…
(more)
▼ Anthocyanin pigment and physical pitcher characteristics were directly proportional to captured prey mass by Sarracenia leucophylla Raf. Few experiments have been conducted to test the role of anthocyanin on insect capture in Sarracenia. Though the role of
predation by Sarracenia on insects has long been known, the factors responsible for attraction of prey have yet to be fully evaluated. I sampled S. leucophylla leaves from both red and anthocyanin-free (green) subjects, including measuring pitcher height, mouth width and weighing dried prey mass. There were no significant differences in dried prey mass between red and green phenotypes. Prey mass was positively correlated to pitcher height as well as mouth width. Differences in nectary counts and pitcher temperature were also not statistically significant between red and green groups. This study did not find support for anthocyanin as a prey attractant, and nectar may play a more important role in prey attraction.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ruch, Donald Gene, 1948- (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Anthocyanins; Sarraceniaceae – Color; Predation (Biology)
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APA (6th Edition):
Rodenas, Y. J. (2012). The role of anthocyanin as an attractant in Sarracenia leucophylla Raf. (Masters Thesis). Ball State University. Retrieved from http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/195946
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Rodenas, Yann J. “The role of anthocyanin as an attractant in Sarracenia leucophylla Raf.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Ball State University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/195946.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Rodenas, Yann J. “The role of anthocyanin as an attractant in Sarracenia leucophylla Raf.” 2012. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Rodenas YJ. The role of anthocyanin as an attractant in Sarracenia leucophylla Raf. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Ball State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/195946.
Council of Science Editors:
Rodenas YJ. The role of anthocyanin as an attractant in Sarracenia leucophylla Raf. [Masters Thesis]. Ball State University; 2012. Available from: http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/195946
Massey University
29.
Johnstone, David Gordon.
Predator-prey dynamics : a review.
Degree: MS, Mathematics, 1981, Massey University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/13133
► With the recent publication explosion in population ecology, there is an increasing need for a review of the diverse approaches towards modelling. This thesis is…
(more)
▼ With the recent publication explosion in population ecology, there is an increasing need for a review of the diverse approaches towards modelling. This thesis is concerned with modelling of two-species predator-prey ecosystems using two-dimensional dynamic systems of first-order differential equations. Chapters one and two are introductory in nature, discussing the place of theoretical models in ecology, and the development of the classical Lotka-Volterra model and its subsequent fall from favour. Chapter three looks at general aspects of predator-prey modelling. Graphical and analytical approaches are outlined in detail, as is the more recent curvature approach. Further results are obtained when growth and predation factors are considered separately, viewed as components to the model equations. Recent work on the consequences of enrichment, harvesting, stocking and natural selection are also dealt with. In chapter four, more specific predator-prey models are presented. Other, more variable qualities of predator-prey ecosystems are also considered, such as age structure and predation responses in chapter four; and time delays, spatial heterogeneity and migration in chapter five. Chapter six is a mathematical digression from the main body of the review. An analytical result for dynamic systems with a centre is proven, in an attempt to support an alternative outlook on the relationship between predator-prey ecosystems and their representative models. Finally, chapter seven briefly discusses potential applications in the future, the most promising being aspects of harvesting and control theory in resource management systems.
Subjects/Keywords: Predation (Biology)
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APA (6th Edition):
Johnstone, D. G. (1981). Predator-prey dynamics : a review. (Masters Thesis). Massey University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10179/13133
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Johnstone, David Gordon. “Predator-prey dynamics : a review.” 1981. Masters Thesis, Massey University. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10179/13133.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Johnstone, David Gordon. “Predator-prey dynamics : a review.” 1981. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Johnstone DG. Predator-prey dynamics : a review. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Massey University; 1981. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/13133.
Council of Science Editors:
Johnstone DG. Predator-prey dynamics : a review. [Masters Thesis]. Massey University; 1981. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10179/13133
Virginia Tech
30.
Tyler, Carrie Leigh.
Investigating Predation in the Fossil Record: Modern Analogs.
Degree: PhD, Geosciences, 2012, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77194
► Predation is considered a powerful ecological force influencing community structure, diversity, and abundance. Paleoecology offers a unique perspective, allowing us to examine ecological processes such…
(more)
▼ Predation is considered a powerful ecological force influencing community structure, diversity, and abundance. Paleoecology offers a unique perspective, allowing us to examine ecological processes such as
predation over evolutionary timescales. The three studies summarized below include two case studies testing the role of
predation in evolution and one method-oriented project, which explores new tools with which to examine predator-prey interactions in the fossil record. Considering the importance of community interactions in the current global biodiversity crisis, understanding ecological and evolutionary dimensions of
predation is critical to conservation biology and ecology, as predators are thought to play a vital role in maintaining ecosystem health and biodiversity.
Predation has been dismissed as a causal mechanism for some major prey groups. For example, the evolutionary decline and cryptic or antitropical distribution of brachiopods is often explained as due to the potentially low energetic value and suspected non-palatability or toxicity of brachiopod tissues. Here we demonstrate that multiple invertebrate marine predators (crustaceans, echinoderms, and gastropods) are willing and able to consume brachiopods, and that
predation pressure on the living brachiopod population may be consequential. Examination of the fossil record is consistent with this interpretation: evidence for drilling and repair of brachiopod shells is found throughout the fossil record in multiple orders. This suggests that although brachiopods may be unwanted prey in the presence of energetically more desirable targets, they do appear to be edible and are
subject to intense predator-prey interactions.
Limpets are important prey for some crab species, yet little is known about the role of durophagy in the evolution of the limpet shell. Feeding trials using three common species of Pacific Northwest limpets (Lottia digitalis, L. pelta and Tectura scutum) were conducted to assess how different shell morphologies affect mortality and handling time. We predicted that large size, shell ornament, and low-spires would result in either increased survivorship, and/or longer handling times. Contrary to our expectation that ridges resist
predation, individuals with smooth morphologies experienced significantly lower mortality, as did those with low-spires. As species possessing high-spires and ridges typically occur high in the intertidal where
predation risk due to crabs is relatively low, these morphologies are likely adaptions to physical factors such as thermal stress.
One of the major caveats of using gastropod drill holes to assess predator-prey interactions in both the modern and the ancient is the correct identification of drill holes of predatory origin. By examining known predatory drill holes using environmental scanning electron microscopy, we aim to refine the development of a novel technique for augmenting their identification, and to explore the relationship between predator body size, predatory radula dentition, and radular…
Advisors/Committee Members: Kowalewski, Michal (committeechair), Leighton, Lindsey (committee member), Eriksson, Kenneth A. (committee member), Read, James Fredrick (committee member), Xiao, Shuhai (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Morphology; Toxicity; Predation Traces; Durophagy
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APA (6th Edition):
Tyler, C. L. (2012). Investigating Predation in the Fossil Record: Modern Analogs. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77194
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Tyler, Carrie Leigh. “Investigating Predation in the Fossil Record: Modern Analogs.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed February 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77194.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Tyler, Carrie Leigh. “Investigating Predation in the Fossil Record: Modern Analogs.” 2012. Web. 27 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Tyler CL. Investigating Predation in the Fossil Record: Modern Analogs. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2012. [cited 2021 Feb 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77194.
Council of Science Editors:
Tyler CL. Investigating Predation in the Fossil Record: Modern Analogs. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77194
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Open Access Theses and Dissertations
