subject:(Power resources)

Columbia University

1. Kotsidas, Panagiotis Spyros. New Vistas in Solar Concentration with Gradient Index Optics.

Degree: 2012, Columbia University

► Four innovations in the fields of optical design and solar concentration are presented: a) the derivation of fundamentally new gradient-index (GRIN) distributions for perfect optical… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Power resources

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kotsidas, P. S. (2012). New Vistas in Solar Concentration with Gradient Index Optics. (Doctoral Dissertation). Columbia University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.7916/D8RX9K9N

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kotsidas, Panagiotis Spyros. “New Vistas in Solar Concentration with Gradient Index Optics.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Columbia University. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8RX9K9N.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kotsidas, Panagiotis Spyros. “New Vistas in Solar Concentration with Gradient Index Optics.” 2012. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kotsidas PS. New Vistas in Solar Concentration with Gradient Index Optics. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Columbia University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8RX9K9N.

Council of Science Editors:

Kotsidas PS. New Vistas in Solar Concentration with Gradient Index Optics. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Columbia University; 2012. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8RX9K9N

Columbia University

2. Xu, Xiaoqi. Leveraging Human-environment Systems in Residential Buildings for Aggregate Energy Efficiency and Sustainability.

Degree: 2013, Columbia University

URL: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8SQ96R5

► Reducing the energy consumed in the built environment is a key objective in many sustainability initiatives. Existing energy saving methods have consisted of physical interventions… (more)

▼ Reducing the energy consumed in the built environment is a key objective in many sustainability initiatives. Existing energy saving methods have consisted of physical interventions to buildings and/or behavioral modifications of occupants. However, such methods may not only suffer from their own disadvantages, e.g. high cost and transient effect, but also lose aggregate energy saving potential due to the oftentimes-associated single-building-focused view and an isolated examination of occupant behaviors. This dissertation attempts to overcome the limitations of traditional energy saving research and practical approaches, and enhance residential building energy efficiency and sustainability by proposing innovative energy strategies from a holistic perspective of the aggregate human-environment systems. This holistic perspective features: (1) viewing buildings as mutual influences in the built environment, (2) leveraging both the individual and contextualized social aspects of occupant behaviors, and (3) incorporating interactions between the built environment and human behaviors. First, I integrate three interlinked components: buildings, residents, and the surrounding neighborhood, and quantify the potential energy savings to be gained from renovating buildings at the inter-building level and leveraging neighborhood-contextualized occupant social networks. Following the confirmation of both the inter-building effect among buildings and occupants' interpersonal influence on energy conservation, I extend the research further by examining the synergy that may exist at the intersection between these "engineered" building networks and "social" peer networks, focusing specifically on the additional energy saving potential that could result from interactions between the two components. Finally, I seek to reach an alignment of the human and building environment subsystems by matching the thermostat preferences of each household with the thermal conditions within their apartment, and develop the Energy Saving Alignment Strategy to be considered in public housing assignment policy. This strategy and the inter-building level energy management strategies developed in my preceding research possess large-scale cost-effectiveness and may engender long-lasting influence compared with existing energy saving approaches. Building from the holistic framework of coupled human-environment systems, the findings of this research will advance knowledge of energy efficiency in the built environment and lead to the development of novel strategies to conserve energy in residential buildings.

Subjects/Keywords: Power resources; Engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Xu, X. (2013). Leveraging Human-environment Systems in Residential Buildings for Aggregate Energy Efficiency and Sustainability. (Doctoral Dissertation). Columbia University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.7916/D8SQ96R5

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Xu, Xiaoqi. “Leveraging Human-environment Systems in Residential Buildings for Aggregate Energy Efficiency and Sustainability.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Columbia University. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8SQ96R5.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Xu, Xiaoqi. “Leveraging Human-environment Systems in Residential Buildings for Aggregate Energy Efficiency and Sustainability.” 2013. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Xu X. Leveraging Human-environment Systems in Residential Buildings for Aggregate Energy Efficiency and Sustainability. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Columbia University; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8SQ96R5.

Council of Science Editors:

Xu X. Leveraging Human-environment Systems in Residential Buildings for Aggregate Energy Efficiency and Sustainability. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Columbia University; 2013. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8SQ96R5

Columbia University

3. Nelson, Cory A. Probing surfaces and interfaces by nonlinear optical spectroscopy with time, energy, and phase resolution.

Degree: 2015, Columbia University

URL: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8Q52P26

► Surfaces and interfaces are a ubiquitous part of nature. They influence the behavior of devices and are essential components in charge transfer and charge trapping.… (more)

▼ Surfaces and interfaces are a ubiquitous part of nature. They influence the behavior of devices and are essential components in charge transfer and charge trapping. While surfaces and interfaces are important studying them is difficult because they consist of only the first few layers of a material. Therefore, surface-specific techniques are needed to investigate their properties and dynamics. Perhaps the most common surface electronic surface characterization techniques are electron spectroscopies which have become the standard for determining surface electronic band structure. However, these spectroscopies require ultra high vacuum which precludes the study of surfaces at ambient pressures and buried interfaces. Ambient pressures and interfaces are precisely the conditions under which most devices operate. Therefore there is a need for a technique which can reveal information about electronic states and their dynamics of buried interfaces at ambientconditions. This thesis describes the implementation of broadband time-resolved second harmonic generation and the recovery of the time-resolved amplitude and phase by employing spectral interferometry. The even order nonlinear process allows the measurement to be surface specific which the spectral amplitude and phase reveal information about surface state transitions and couplings. The first chapter motivates the study of surface and interfaces while chapters 2 and 3 cover background information about surfaces and nonlinear optics to help understand the experiments presented in the following two chapters. Chapter 4 presents a broadband time resolved spectral SHG technique whose usefulness is demonstrated on gallium phosphide passivated undoped gallium arsenide. In this case the spec-tral features are due to the E 1 resonance in GaAs and the dynamics are assigned to band gap renormalization. Chapter 5 details a method to recover the time resolved amplitude and phase and then demonstrates the recovery of the amplitude and phase from SH emitted from n- and p-type GaAs. The spectra reveal a discreet surface state ascribed to defect formation specific to n-type GaAs. The asymmetric line shape of this state indicates that it is coupled to a continuum; most likely a surface projected bulk band. We found that this coupling can be controlled by changing the azimuthal angle. However, p-type GaAs does not show distinct features in the second harmonic spectrum. Experiments on bilayers consisting of p-type GaAs and copper pthalocyanine (CuPc) are also presented in chapter 5. No changes in the signal are observed for either the constituents alone. However, when CuPc is deposited on GaAs a transient state forms at 200 fs delay between the pump delay which also exhibits an asymmetric line shape. This indicates the formation of a new state at the heterojunction that was not present before and may be evidence for a charge transfer state. Chapter 6 closes the thesis with concluding remarks which suggest improvements in the experimental design and implementation of…

Subjects/Keywords: Chemistry; Power resources

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APA (6^th Edition):

Nelson, C. A. (2015). Probing surfaces and interfaces by nonlinear optical spectroscopy with time, energy, and phase resolution. (Doctoral Dissertation). Columbia University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.7916/D8Q52P26

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nelson, Cory A. “Probing surfaces and interfaces by nonlinear optical spectroscopy with time, energy, and phase resolution.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Columbia University. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8Q52P26.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nelson, Cory A. “Probing surfaces and interfaces by nonlinear optical spectroscopy with time, energy, and phase resolution.” 2015. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Nelson CA. Probing surfaces and interfaces by nonlinear optical spectroscopy with time, energy, and phase resolution. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Columbia University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8Q52P26.

Council of Science Editors:

Nelson CA. Probing surfaces and interfaces by nonlinear optical spectroscopy with time, energy, and phase resolution. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Columbia University; 2015. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8Q52P26

Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

4. Beukes, Justin. An economic analysis of concentrator photovoltaic technology use in South Africa: a case study.

Degree: Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2013, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018636

► South Africa relies heavily on fossil fuels, particularly coal, to generate electricity and it is a well known fact that the use of fossil fuels… (more)

▼ South Africa relies heavily on fossil fuels, particularly coal, to generate electricity and it is a well known fact that the use of fossil fuels contributes to climate change, as it produces greenhouse gases (GHGs). In fact, internationally South Africa is the 17th highest emitter of GHGs (Congressional Research Service (CRS), 2008). Coupled with the environmental consequences of fossil fuel use, South Africa has a further responsibility of addressing the inherited backlog of electricity provision to the rural, and previously disadvantaged communities. In an attempt to address these two problems, the government issued the White Paper on Renewable Energy. In this paper, renewable energy alternatives are proposed to replace a portion of traditional electricity generating methods. Concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) energy generation is one such renewable option available to government. CPV uses optic elements (such as lenses) to concentrate sunlight onto solar cells. Owing to the light being concentrated, the cells in CPV use less semiconductor material, which makes them more efficient in comparison to conventional photovoltaic (PV) cells. CPV is a technology that operates well in regions with high solar radiation. As such, South Africa is particularly well suited for this technology, with average solar radiation levels ranging from 4.5 to 6.5 05 ℎ/. CPV is also well suited for off-grid application, which addresses electricity demand in remote rural areas. This study is an economic project analysis of the installation, operation, maintenance, and decommissioning of CPV technology in a rural area in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. The study area chosen for this purpose is the Tyefu settlement in the Eastern Cape. Tyefu was deemed ideal for this type of analysis due to four characteristics. Firstly, Tyefu is a remote rural settlement at the end of the national grid. Secondly, the community is very poor and previously disadvantaged. Thirdly, many households are without Eskom generated electricity. Lastly, the study area is located in an area with ideal irradiance levels for CPV. Two methods of economic project analysis are applied to this case study, namely a costbenefit analysis (CBA) and a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA). Additionally, two types of CBA are performed, namely a private CBA and a social CBA. The private CBA evaluates the Tyefu electrification project from a private investor's perspective and the social CBA evaluates the project from society's point of view. The CEAs carried out compare the costeffectiveness of the traditional PV technology to that of CPV in terms of private and social costs. The private costs and benefits of the CPV project were identified and valued in terms of market prices. Then, this cost benefit profile was used to calculate net benefits which in turn were discounted to present values using a private discount rate of 6.42 percent. Three decision making criteria were generated, namely the net present value (NPV), the internal rate of return (IRR) and the benefit cost ratio (BCR).…

Subjects/Keywords: Renewable energy resources; Power resources – Economic aspects

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APA (6^th Edition):

Beukes, J. (2013). An economic analysis of concentrator photovoltaic technology use in South Africa: a case study. (Thesis). Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018636

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Beukes, Justin. “An economic analysis of concentrator photovoltaic technology use in South Africa: a case study.” 2013. Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018636.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Beukes, Justin. “An economic analysis of concentrator photovoltaic technology use in South Africa: a case study.” 2013. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Beukes J. An economic analysis of concentrator photovoltaic technology use in South Africa: a case study. [Internet] [Thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018636.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Beukes J. An economic analysis of concentrator photovoltaic technology use in South Africa: a case study. [Thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018636

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

5. Carr, Daniel. Non-intrusive load monitoring with canopy clustering.

Degree: PhD, 2012, University of South Wales

URL: https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/nonintrusive-load-monitoring-with-canopy-clustering(14629d2f-4fdf-47c0-aa3e-9cb7924ce5df).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.749700

► Dwindling fossil fuels and the rising price of energy has meant that attitudes towards energy usage have changed in both domestic and commercial settings. This… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: 333.79; Power resources; Energy conservation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Carr, D. (2012). Non-intrusive load monitoring with canopy clustering. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of South Wales. Retrieved from https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/nonintrusive-load-monitoring-with-canopy-clustering(14629d2f-4fdf-47c0-aa3e-9cb7924ce5df).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.749700

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Carr, Daniel. “Non-intrusive load monitoring with canopy clustering.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of South Wales. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/nonintrusive-load-monitoring-with-canopy-clustering(14629d2f-4fdf-47c0-aa3e-9cb7924ce5df).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.749700.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Carr, Daniel. “Non-intrusive load monitoring with canopy clustering.” 2012. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Carr D. Non-intrusive load monitoring with canopy clustering. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of South Wales; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/nonintrusive-load-monitoring-with-canopy-clustering(14629d2f-4fdf-47c0-aa3e-9cb7924ce5df).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.749700.

Council of Science Editors:

Carr D. Non-intrusive load monitoring with canopy clustering. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of South Wales; 2012. Available from: https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/nonintrusive-load-monitoring-with-canopy-clustering(14629d2f-4fdf-47c0-aa3e-9cb7924ce5df).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.749700

Columbia University

6. Ammous, Saifedean H. Alternative Energy Science and Policy: Biofuels as a Case Study.

Degree: 2011, Columbia University

URL: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8K93FHN

► This dissertation studies the science and policy-making of alternative energy using biofuels as a case study, primarily examining the instruments that can be used to… (more)

▼ This dissertation studies the science and policy-making of alternative energy using biofuels as a case study, primarily examining the instruments that can be used to alleviate the impacts of climate change and their relative efficacy. Three case studies of policy-making on biofuels in the European Union, United States of America and Brazil are presented and discussed. It is found that these policies have had large unintended negative consequences and that they relied on Lifecycle Analysis studies that had concluded that increased biofuels production can help meet economic, energy and environmental goals. A close examination of these Lifecycle Analysis studies reveals that their results are not conclusive. Instead of continuing to attempt to find answers from Lifecycle Analyses, this study suggests an alternative approach: formulating policy based on recognition of the ignorance of real fuel costs and pollution. Policies to combat climate change are classified into two distinct approaches: policies that place controls on the fuels responsible for emissions and policies that target the pollutants themselves. A mathematical model is constructed to compare these two approaches and address the central question of this study: In light of an ignorance of the cost and pollution impacts of different fuels, are policies targeting the pollutants themselves preferable to policies targeting the fuels? It is concluded that in situations where the cost and pollution functions of a fuel are unknown, subsidies, mandates and caps on the fuel might result in increased or decreased greenhouse gas emissions; on the other hand, a tax or cap on carbon dioxide results in the largest decrease possible of greenhouse gas emissions. Further, controls on greenhouse gases are shown to provide incentives for the development and advancement of cleaner alternative energy options, whereas controls on the fuels are shown to provide equal incentives to the development of cleaner and dirtier alternative fuels. This asymmetry in outcomes – regardless of actual cost functions – is the reason why controls on greenhouse gases are deemed favorable to direct fuel subsidies and mandates.

Subjects/Keywords: Sustainability; Economics; Power resources

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ammous, S. H. (2011). Alternative Energy Science and Policy: Biofuels as a Case Study. (Doctoral Dissertation). Columbia University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.7916/D8K93FHN

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ammous, Saifedean H. “Alternative Energy Science and Policy: Biofuels as a Case Study.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Columbia University. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8K93FHN.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ammous, Saifedean H. “Alternative Energy Science and Policy: Biofuels as a Case Study.” 2011. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Ammous SH. Alternative Energy Science and Policy: Biofuels as a Case Study. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Columbia University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8K93FHN.

Council of Science Editors:

Ammous SH. Alternative Energy Science and Policy: Biofuels as a Case Study. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Columbia University; 2011. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8K93FHN

Columbia University

7. Chen, Jiayu. Simulating Network Structure, Layering Multi-layer Network System and Developing Network Block Configuration Model to Understand and Improve Energy Conservation in Residential Buildings.

Degree: 2012, Columbia University

URL: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8GM8FCX

► The building sector is a major contributor to total energy consumption in most countries. Traditionally, researchers have focused on leveraging energy efficiency by improving building… (more)

▼ The building sector is a major contributor to total energy consumption in most countries. Traditionally, researchers have focused on leveraging energy efficiency by improving building materials, in-house facilities and transmission equipment. More recently, however, there has been increased focus on research concerning demand-side energy consumption behavior. Current research suggests that energy efficient behavior of a building's occupants can be extensively enhanced through the sharing of energy consumption information among residents in a peer network. However, most of this research relies on experimental tests and does not theorize concepts related to peer network energy efficiency systematically. My dissertation addresses this research gap on two levels. First, I examined if and how the structure of peer networks can impact residents' conservation behaviors through network analysis by employing agent-based simulation techniques. Following confirmation of the impact that network structure has on user behavior, I created a layered network model to integrate information from various network layers and a block configuration model to reconstruct increasingly reliable random networks. In contrast to controlled energy efficiency experiments, real-world networks are large in size, heterogeneous in nature and regularly interact with other networks. By utilizing models developed in this dissertation, we are able to estimate the contribution of network structural coefficients to the energy consumption performance of peer networks. By comparing the layered network and block configuration model I developed with other conventional models, I prove the efficiency, accuracy and reliability of these improved models. These findings have implications for assessing network performance, creating accurate complex random networks for large-scale research, and developing strategies for network design to improve building energy efficiency. This research establishes a system to study residents' energy efficient behaviors from the perspective of peer networks and proposes some instructive models for further energy feedback system design.

Subjects/Keywords: Civil engineering; Power resources; Sociology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chen, J. (2012). Simulating Network Structure, Layering Multi-layer Network System and Developing Network Block Configuration Model to Understand and Improve Energy Conservation in Residential Buildings. (Doctoral Dissertation). Columbia University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.7916/D8GM8FCX

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chen, Jiayu. “Simulating Network Structure, Layering Multi-layer Network System and Developing Network Block Configuration Model to Understand and Improve Energy Conservation in Residential Buildings.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Columbia University. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8GM8FCX.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chen, Jiayu. “Simulating Network Structure, Layering Multi-layer Network System and Developing Network Block Configuration Model to Understand and Improve Energy Conservation in Residential Buildings.” 2012. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Chen J. Simulating Network Structure, Layering Multi-layer Network System and Developing Network Block Configuration Model to Understand and Improve Energy Conservation in Residential Buildings. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Columbia University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8GM8FCX.

Council of Science Editors:

Chen J. Simulating Network Structure, Layering Multi-layer Network System and Developing Network Block Configuration Model to Understand and Improve Energy Conservation in Residential Buildings. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Columbia University; 2012. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8GM8FCX

Columbia University

8. Sanoh, Aly D. W. Essays on Infrastructure Development and Public Finance.

Degree: 2012, Columbia University

URL: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8WM1MJ9

► This dissertation focuses on the economics of infrastructure development and public finance. The dissertation is composed of three papers: The first paper analyzes the optimal… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Sustainability; Power resources; Climatic changes

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sanoh, A. D. W. (2012). Essays on Infrastructure Development and Public Finance. (Doctoral Dissertation). Columbia University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.7916/D8WM1MJ9

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sanoh, Aly D W. “Essays on Infrastructure Development and Public Finance.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Columbia University. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8WM1MJ9.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sanoh, Aly D W. “Essays on Infrastructure Development and Public Finance.” 2012. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Sanoh ADW. Essays on Infrastructure Development and Public Finance. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Columbia University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8WM1MJ9.

Council of Science Editors:

Sanoh ADW. Essays on Infrastructure Development and Public Finance. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Columbia University; 2012. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8WM1MJ9

Columbia University

9. Perez, Marc. A Model for Optimizing the Combination of Solar Electricity Generation, Supply Curtailment, Transmission and Storage.

Degree: 2014, Columbia University

URL: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8445JP4

► With extraordinary recent growth of the solar photovoltaic industry, it is paramount to address the biggest barrier to its high-penetration across global electrical grids: the… (more)

▼ With extraordinary recent growth of the solar photovoltaic industry, it is paramount to address the biggest barrier to its high-penetration across global electrical grids: the inherent variability of the solar resource. This resource variability arises from largely unpredictable meteorological phenomena and from the predictable rotation of the earth around the sun and about its own axis. To achieve very high photovoltaic penetration, the imbalance between the variable supply of sunlight and demand must be alleviated. The research detailed herein consists of the development of a computational model which seeks to optimize the combination of 3 supply-side solutions to solar variability that minimizes the aggregate cost of electricity generated therefrom: Storage (where excess solar generation is stored when it exceeds demand for utilization when it does not meet demand), interconnection (where solar generation is spread across a large geographic area and electrically interconnected to smooth overall regional output) and smart curtailment (where solar capacity is oversized and excess generation is curtailed at key times to minimize the need for storage.) This model leverages a database created in the context of this doctoral work of satellite-derived photovoltaic output spanning 10 years at a daily interval for 64,000 unique geographic points across the globe. Underpinning the model's design and results, the database was used to further the understanding of solar resource variability at timescales greater than 1-day. It is shown that – as at shorter timescales – cloud/weather-induced solar variability decreases with geographic extent and that the geographic extent at which variability is mitigated increases with timescale and is modulated by the prevailing speed of clouds/weather systems. Unpredictable solar variability up to the timescale of 30 days is shown to be mitigated across a geographic extent of only 1500km if that geographic extent is oriented in a north/south bearing. Using technical and economic data reflecting today's real costs for solar generation technology, storage and electric transmission in combination with this model, we determined the minimum cost combination of these solutions to transform the variable output from solar plants into 3 distinct output profiles: A constant output equivalent to a baseload power plant, a well-defined seasonally-variable output with no weather-induced variability and a variable output but one that is 100% predictable on a multi-day ahead basis. In order to do this, over 14,000 model runs were performed by varying the desired output profile, the amount of energy curtailment, the penetration of solar energy and the geographic region across the continental United States. Despite the cost of supplementary electric transmission, geographic interconnection has the potential to reduce the levelized cost of electricity when meeting any of the studied output profiles by over 65% compared to when only storage is used. Energy curtailment, despite the…

Subjects/Keywords: Power resources; Environmental engineering; Atmosphere

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APA (6^th Edition):

Perez, M. (2014). A Model for Optimizing the Combination of Solar Electricity Generation, Supply Curtailment, Transmission and Storage. (Doctoral Dissertation). Columbia University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.7916/D8445JP4

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Perez, Marc. “A Model for Optimizing the Combination of Solar Electricity Generation, Supply Curtailment, Transmission and Storage.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Columbia University. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8445JP4.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Perez, Marc. “A Model for Optimizing the Combination of Solar Electricity Generation, Supply Curtailment, Transmission and Storage.” 2014. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Perez M. A Model for Optimizing the Combination of Solar Electricity Generation, Supply Curtailment, Transmission and Storage. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Columbia University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8445JP4.

Council of Science Editors:

Perez M. A Model for Optimizing the Combination of Solar Electricity Generation, Supply Curtailment, Transmission and Storage. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Columbia University; 2014. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8445JP4

Columbia University

10. van Haaren, Rob. Utility Scale Photovoltaic Plant Variability Studies and Energy Storage Optimization for Ramp Rate Control.

Degree: 2014, Columbia University

URL: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8Q23XCG

► A major challenge in integrating high penetrations (>20%) of solar- and wind-energy rests in the grid's ability to cope with the intrinsic variability of these… (more)

▼ A major challenge in integrating high penetrations (>20%) of solar- and wind-energy rests in the grid's ability to cope with the intrinsic variability of these renewable resources. Although such high levels of penetration may be a decade or two away in most operating regions, we must find measures to manage the variability of these sources, especially when conventional market-based approaches are exhausted or ineffective. Furthermore, besides assuring reliability, effective integration of high levels of solar- and wind-power can reduce the 'hidden' environmental costs and emissions associated with larger than necessary backup capacity. With large-scale PV plants (>250 MW) becoming significant generators on the grid in the near future, system operators became concerned about the plants' inherent variability, and questions were raised regarding the predictability and reliability of the output from such PV plants. In the first part of this research, the variability in the power output of six PV plants in the United States and Canada, with a total installed capacity of 195 MW (AC), is characterized. A new metric called the Daily Aggregate Ramp (DAR) is introduced to quantify, categorize, and compare daily variability across multiple sites. With this metric, and by harmonizing for climatic differences across the plants, we quantified the effect of geographic dispersion in reducing the cloud-induced power fluctuations. In addition, the reduction in variability was assessed by simulating a step by step increase of the plant size at the same location, using individual inverter data. Our data analysis showed maximum ramp rates 0.7, 0.58, 0.53, and 0.43 times the plant's capacity for 5, 21, 48, and 80 MW (AC) plants, respectively. After the variability in plant outputs was understood and quantified, we investigated algorithms for operating Energy Storage Units (ESU) to perform ramp rate control at the plant level. This task is designed to support proposed plans of grid balancing authorities to deal with ramps of variable energy resources (i.e., solar and wind). ESUs can be used to mitigate penalty fees caused by sharp ramps and perhaps allow for additional revenue streams by participating in grid balancing markets (e.g. frequency regulation). Consequently, we focused on building and optimizing ESU dispatch models for controlling ramp rates of individual PV plants within predetermined levels. The model comprised dispatch strategies tailored to specific fast response ESU technologies (e.g., flywheels, capacitors, batteries). The optimization involved trial and error testing of different combinations of ESU technologies, power and energy capacities, dispatch strategies and violation reduction requirements. For four PV plants (5, 21, 30.24 and 80 MW) in various North American locations, we found a required ESU power capacity of 2.2, 9, 12 and 22 MW respectively, to mitigate 99% of the violations of a 10%/minute ramp rate limit. These ESU capacities may add capital costs of about $0.35-0.63 per Watt PV for the 80 MW plant and…

Subjects/Keywords: Environmental engineering; Power resources

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APA (6^th Edition):

van Haaren, R. (2014). Utility Scale Photovoltaic Plant Variability Studies and Energy Storage Optimization for Ramp Rate Control. (Doctoral Dissertation). Columbia University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.7916/D8Q23XCG

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

van Haaren, Rob. “Utility Scale Photovoltaic Plant Variability Studies and Energy Storage Optimization for Ramp Rate Control.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Columbia University. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8Q23XCG.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

van Haaren, Rob. “Utility Scale Photovoltaic Plant Variability Studies and Energy Storage Optimization for Ramp Rate Control.” 2014. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

van Haaren R. Utility Scale Photovoltaic Plant Variability Studies and Energy Storage Optimization for Ramp Rate Control. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Columbia University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8Q23XCG.

Council of Science Editors:

van Haaren R. Utility Scale Photovoltaic Plant Variability Studies and Energy Storage Optimization for Ramp Rate Control. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Columbia University; 2014. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8Q23XCG

Columbia University

11. Abad Lopez, Carlos Adrian. Smart Grid Risk Management.

Degree: 2015, Columbia University

URL: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8028QR9

► Current electricity infrastructure is being stressed from several directions – high demand, unreliable supply, extreme weather conditions, accidents, among others. Infrastructure planners have, traditionally, focused… (more)

▼ Current electricity infrastructure is being stressed from several directions – high demand, unreliable supply, extreme weather conditions, accidents, among others. Infrastructure planners have, traditionally, focused on only the cost of the system; today, resilience and sustainability are increasingly becoming more important. In this dissertation, we develop computational tools for efficiently managing electricity resources to help create a more reliable and sustainable electrical grid. The tools we present in this work will help electric utilities coordinate demand to allow the smooth and large scale integration of renewable sources of energy into traditional grids, as well as provide infrastructure planners and operators in developing countries a framework for making informed planning and control decisions in the presence of uncertainty. Demand-side management is considered as the most viable solution for maintaining grid stability as generation from intermittent renewable sources increases. Demand-side management, particularly demand response (DR) programs that attempt to alter the energy consumption of customers either by using price-based incentives or up-front power interruption contracts, is more cost-effective and sustainable in addressing short-term supply-demand imbalances when compared with the alternative that involves increasing fossil fuel-based fast spinning reserves. An essential step in compensating participating customers and benchmarking the effectiveness of DR programs is to be able to independently detect the load reduction from observed meter data. Electric utilities implementing automated DR programs through direct load control switches are also interested in detecting the reduction in demand to efficiently pinpoint non-functioning devices to reduce maintenance costs. We develop sparse optimization methods for detecting a small change in the demand for electricity of a customer in response to a price change or signal from the utility, dynamic learning methods for scheduling the maintenance of direct load control switches whose operating state is not directly observable and can only be inferred from the metered electricity consumption, and machine learning methods for accurately forecasting the load of hundreds of thousands of residential, commercial and industrial customers. These algorithms have been implemented in the software system provided by AutoGrid, Inc., and this system has helped several utilities in the Pacific Northwest, Oklahoma, California and Texas, provide more reliable power to their customers at significantly reduced prices. Providing power to widely spread out communities in developing countries using the conventional power grid is not economically feasible. The most attractive alternative source of affordable energy for these communities is solar micro-grids. We discuss risk-aware robust methods to optimally size and operate solar micro-grids in the presence of uncertain demand and uncertain renewable generation. These algorithms help system operators to…

Subjects/Keywords: Operations research; Power resources

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APA (6^th Edition):

Abad Lopez, C. A. (2015). Smart Grid Risk Management. (Doctoral Dissertation). Columbia University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.7916/D8028QR9

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Abad Lopez, Carlos Adrian. “Smart Grid Risk Management.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Columbia University. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8028QR9.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Abad Lopez, Carlos Adrian. “Smart Grid Risk Management.” 2015. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Abad Lopez CA. Smart Grid Risk Management. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Columbia University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8028QR9.

Council of Science Editors:

Abad Lopez CA. Smart Grid Risk Management. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Columbia University; 2015. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8028QR9

Columbia University

12. Zheng, Menglian. Smart households: Economics and emission impacts of distributed energy storage for residential sector demand response.

Degree: 2015, Columbia University

URL: https://doi.org/10.7916/D89P315H

► The temporal mismatches in the varying demand and supply pose a major challenge for today’s U.S. electricity grid. Demand response (DR), aiming at reducing demand… (more)

▼ The temporal mismatches in the varying demand and supply pose a major challenge for today’s U.S. electricity grid. Demand response (DR), aiming at reducing demand on the grid during times of electricity generation capacity shortage and very high wholesale prices, is one of many approaches to address this challenge. Unlike the sophisticated automatic controls to operate appliances (such as lights and air-conditioning) on shifted or reduced schedules, which are more common in the commercial sector, the proposed DR scheme discharges storage when demand on the grid is high so as to enable DR without affecting actual appliance usage. As small-scale storage technologies and residential demand response tariffs (e.g., time-of-use tariffs, which charge in differing rates for peak times and off-peak times) become more available, distributed energy storage for the residential sector DR is now technically ready and has the opportunity to generate financial incentives for residential consumers. However, such storage-based DR is still largely underutilized in the residential sector, partly due to consumers’ concerns about cost-effectiveness of storage. Thus, these concerns call for a comprehensive economic analysis to answer the following two questions: 1) Could storage yield actual profits (i.e., electricity cost reduction via arbitrage minus levelized storage cost) for residential consumers? And 2) Which particular combination of storage technology and tariff yields the highest profit? In addition, from the perspective of the grid, a third question is yet to be answered: If a large portion of households were to apply economically optimized storage-based DR systems, what would be the implications and emission impacts (i.e., CO₂, NOₓ, and SO₂ emissions) for the grid? To address the above questions, I 1) develop a levelized storage cost model, based on the simulated storage lifetime — a hybrid of the total-energy-throughput lifetime and the calendar lifetime. Storage technologies included in this dissertation are conventional and flow batteries, flywheel, magnetic storage, pumped hydro, compressed air, and capacitor; 2) devise an agent-based, appliance-level demand model to simulate demand profiles for an average household in the U.S.; 3) dispatch storage via loadshifting (to time-shift energy requirements from peak times to off-peak times) and peak shaving (to reduce peak power, i.e., kW, demands and smooth demand profiles) strategies, under realistic tariffs (Con Edison, New York); and 4) optimize the storage capacity (in kWh) and the demand limit on the grid (in kW; above which the strategy will attempt to use stored electricity in addition to grid electricity to satisfy appliance demand; used for the peak shaving strategy only) and determine the potential profits (or losses). I find that: 1) For economically viable technologies, annual profits range from <1% to 28% of the household’s non-DR electricity bill by utilizing the loadshifting strategy and from <1% to 37% by implementing the peak shaving strategy,…

Subjects/Keywords: Environmental engineering; Power resources

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Zheng, M. (2015). Smart households: Economics and emission impacts of distributed energy storage for residential sector demand response. (Doctoral Dissertation). Columbia University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.7916/D89P315H

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zheng, Menglian. “Smart households: Economics and emission impacts of distributed energy storage for residential sector demand response.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Columbia University. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/D89P315H.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zheng, Menglian. “Smart households: Economics and emission impacts of distributed energy storage for residential sector demand response.” 2015. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Zheng M. Smart households: Economics and emission impacts of distributed energy storage for residential sector demand response. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Columbia University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7916/D89P315H.

Council of Science Editors:

Zheng M. Smart households: Economics and emission impacts of distributed energy storage for residential sector demand response. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Columbia University; 2015. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7916/D89P315H

Columbia University

13. Zhao, Yiyang. The Dynamics of China's Bio-Fuel Industry and Its Policy Options.

Degree: 2012, Columbia University

URL: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8CR61HF

► The economic development of China following the changes in 1978-79 has transformed the country from a poor nation to being the second largest economy in… (more)

▼ The economic development of China following the changes in 1978-79 has transformed the country from a poor nation to being the second largest economy in the world. The change came about as China focused on manufacturing industry as a driver of economic growth. This has led to an increasing demand for energy and thus to a greater reliance on fossil fuels. Concerns for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and global warming have also created a huge pressure from the world for China to reduce emissions that accompany extensive use of fossil fuels. The sustainability of the growth and the economic stability of the country faces a severe threat as available reserves of crude oil and coal in China and in the world are limited, making it highly unlikely that the country can continue to depend on these resources for its future energy needs. Because China imports more than half of its oil requirement, it needs to find viable alternatives to decrease its trust on continuing import. Biofuels appear as one such alternative and China has invested in setting up manufacturing facilities for producing bio-ethanol from cereals and cassava. However, the existing production has helped substitute only about 8% of oil requirement and 0.45% of its overall energy needs. On the other hand, diversion of grain, sugarcane, soybeans etc for biofuel production creates shortage in the supply of food leading into high prices and need to import food, sugar, and oil that will affect its trade balance negatively. This report investigates the different aspects of the crises of energy and food security that China faces, which will only become more severe in the very near future. The aim of the analysis is to make some recommendations that can help reduce the negative effects of these issues. Analysis shows that China needs to diversify its risks and take major initiatives to increase production of biofuels for this will simultaneously reduce its dependence on oil and reduce GHG emissions. In order to do so, China needs to shift focus from a manufacturing intensive economy toward horizontal and vertical growth of the agriculture sector. While this happens, it will have to use its vast positive balance of payments to import food.

Subjects/Keywords: Power resources; Economics; Asians

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APA (6^th Edition):

Zhao, Y. (2012). The Dynamics of China's Bio-Fuel Industry and Its Policy Options. (Masters Thesis). Columbia University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.7916/D8CR61HF

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zhao, Yiyang. “The Dynamics of China's Bio-Fuel Industry and Its Policy Options.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Columbia University. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8CR61HF.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zhao, Yiyang. “The Dynamics of China's Bio-Fuel Industry and Its Policy Options.” 2012. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Zhao Y. The Dynamics of China's Bio-Fuel Industry and Its Policy Options. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Columbia University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8CR61HF.

Council of Science Editors:

Zhao Y. The Dynamics of China's Bio-Fuel Industry and Its Policy Options. [Masters Thesis]. Columbia University; 2012. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8CR61HF

Michigan State University

14. Ashraf, Hooshang, 1933-. World sources of energy and new energy resource development in Iran.

Degree: PhD, 1977, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:34764

Subjects/Keywords: Power resources; Power resources – Iran

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ashraf, Hooshang, 1. (1977). World sources of energy and new energy resource development in Iran. (Doctoral Dissertation). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:34764

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ashraf, Hooshang, 1933-. “World sources of energy and new energy resource development in Iran.” 1977. Doctoral Dissertation, Michigan State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:34764.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ashraf, Hooshang, 1933-. “World sources of energy and new energy resource development in Iran.” 1977. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Ashraf, Hooshang 1. World sources of energy and new energy resource development in Iran. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Michigan State University; 1977. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:34764.

Council of Science Editors:

Ashraf, Hooshang 1. World sources of energy and new energy resource development in Iran. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Michigan State University; 1977. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:34764

Michigan State University

15. Tian, Yuting. Grid-connected energy storage systems : benefits, planning and operation.

Degree: 2018, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:19644

►

Thesis Ph. D. Michigan State University. Electrical Engineering 2018

"Deployment of energy storage systems (ESSs) is gaining significant momentum due to economic incentives, power system… (more)

▼

Thesis Ph. D. Michigan State University. Electrical Engineering 2018

"Deployment of energy storage systems (ESSs) is gaining significant momentum due to economic incentives, power system regulation requirements, and integration of renewable energy resources. This dissertation covers three aspects of grid-connected ESSs: benefits, planning, and operation. First, the benefits and use cases of ESSs are reviewed and a comprehensive evaluation method for estimating stacked revenue of ESSs is proposed. The stacked revenue from an ESS cannot be calculated by merely aggregating the benefits from various applications (e.g., energy arbitrage, frequency regulation, and outage mitigation) as the ESS may not be available for all types of applications during the same time interval. A model incorporating component reliability, power system operation constraints, and storage system operation constraints is developed to evaluate the composite revenue generated from the applications. Second, for planning purposes, a model to estimate the capacity value of ESSs is developed and a sensitivity guided approach to ESS siting is proposed. In contrast to conventional generators with the capability to provide energy upon demand, ESSs are energy-limited resources. In addition, it is possible that the availability of an ESS is low when it is needed to provide its capacity to maintain system reliability due to low state of charge. Thus, the work presented here proposes a method to evaluate the actual capacity contribution of ESSs, considering the energy-limited characteristic and the availability uncertainty. Also, it is necessary to determine suitable locations so as to maximize the benefit of ESSs. This dissertation proposes a sensitivity guided approach which aims at finding the optimal location of ESSs to reduce the peak hour generation cost. The last part of this dissertation proposes a model to determine the operation strategy of battery ESSs. This algorithm not only attempts to maximize the financial benefits but also considers the cycling behavior and its impact on the longevity of battery energy storage systems." – Page ii.

Description based on online resource;

Advisors/Committee Members: Mitra, Joydeep, Wang, Bingsen, Zhu, Guoming, Dong, Lixin.

Subjects/Keywords: Energy storage; Power resources; Electric power systems; Power resources – Economic aspects; Electrical engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tian, Y. (2018). Grid-connected energy storage systems : benefits, planning and operation. (Thesis). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:19644

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tian, Yuting. “Grid-connected energy storage systems : benefits, planning and operation.” 2018. Thesis, Michigan State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:19644.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tian, Yuting. “Grid-connected energy storage systems : benefits, planning and operation.” 2018. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Tian Y. Grid-connected energy storage systems : benefits, planning and operation. [Internet] [Thesis]. Michigan State University; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:19644.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Tian Y. Grid-connected energy storage systems : benefits, planning and operation. [Thesis]. Michigan State University; 2018. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:19644

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Ryerson University

16. Elias, M. Reaz-us Salam. The valuation of a natural gas-fired power plant with multiple turbines using clean spark spread and weather options.

Degree: 2015, Ryerson University

URL: https://digital.library.ryerson.ca/islandora/object/RULA%3A4674

► Assessing the value of a power plant is an important issue for plant owners and prospective buyers. In a deregulated market, an owner has the… (more)

▼ Assessing the value of a power plant is an important issue for plant owners and prospective buyers. In a deregulated market, an owner has the option to operate the plant when the revenue from selling the electricity is higher than the cost of operating the plant. This option is known as the spark spread option. Under emission restrictions, when the carbon cost is deducted from the spark spread, the option is named as the clean spark spread option. This thesis presents an analysis on the spark spread and clean spark spread option based valuation methods for a power plant with multiple gas turbines having different input–output characteristics, emission rates, and capacities. Electricity, natural gas and carbon allowance prices are assumed to follow mean–reverting processes. Results demonstrate that CO2 allowance cost reduces the expected plant value, while the flexibility of switching among turbines adds value to the power plant. Weather also affects the power plant operation. This thesis also presents a valuation model for a power plant integrating spark spread and weather options. A cooler winter drawing more electricity could generate a higher payoff for the plant owner. A warmer winter, however, could lead to a lower payoff. An owner holding a long position in a temperature–based put option could exercise the option when the winter is milder. The exercise is triggered by the drop of heating degree days below a strike degree day. The number of weather contracts to buy is determined by minimizing the variance of the total payoff. Pricing of the weather option is calculated based on the mean–reverting behavior of temperature. Results demonstrate that the integrating weather option along with spark spread option adds value to the downward spark spread option based valuation of the plant in a warmer winter. A comparison of temperature modeling approaches with an aim to pricing weather option is also investigated. Regime–switching models generated from a combination of different underlying processes are utilized to determine the expected heating and cooling degree days. Weather option prices are then calculated based on a range of strike heating degree days.

Subjects/Keywords: Power plants – Valuation; Electric power – Pricing; Power resources – Mathematical models

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APA (6^th Edition):

Elias, M. R. S. (2015). The valuation of a natural gas-fired power plant with multiple turbines using clean spark spread and weather options. (Thesis). Ryerson University. Retrieved from https://digital.library.ryerson.ca/islandora/object/RULA%3A4674

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Elias, M Reaz-us Salam. “The valuation of a natural gas-fired power plant with multiple turbines using clean spark spread and weather options.” 2015. Thesis, Ryerson University. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://digital.library.ryerson.ca/islandora/object/RULA%3A4674.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Elias, M Reaz-us Salam. “The valuation of a natural gas-fired power plant with multiple turbines using clean spark spread and weather options.” 2015. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Elias MRS. The valuation of a natural gas-fired power plant with multiple turbines using clean spark spread and weather options. [Internet] [Thesis]. Ryerson University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://digital.library.ryerson.ca/islandora/object/RULA%3A4674.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Elias MRS. The valuation of a natural gas-fired power plant with multiple turbines using clean spark spread and weather options. [Thesis]. Ryerson University; 2015. Available from: https://digital.library.ryerson.ca/islandora/object/RULA%3A4674

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Pretoria

17. [No author]. The management of electricity cost within an Academic Institution .

Degree: 2007, University of Pretoria

URL: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07092007-144030/

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document Advisors/Committee Members: Prof G J Delport (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Power resources; UCTD

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APA (6^th Edition):

author], [. (2007). The management of electricity cost within an Academic Institution . (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07092007-144030/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

author], [No. “The management of electricity cost within an Academic Institution .” 2007. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07092007-144030/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

author], [No. “The management of electricity cost within an Academic Institution .” 2007. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

author] [. The management of electricity cost within an Academic Institution . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2007. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07092007-144030/.

Council of Science Editors:

author] [. The management of electricity cost within an Academic Institution . [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2007. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07092007-144030/

University of Namibia

18. Robinson, John I. Energy security in the Khomas region .

Degree: 2010, University of Namibia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11070/466

► Abstract provided by author; Energy (electricity) is the backbone of an economy. However, Namibia is facing a serious deficit as far as energy generation is… (more)

▼ Abstract provided by author; Energy (electricity) is the backbone of an economy. However, Namibia is facing a serious deficit as far as energy generation is concerned. Globally, electricity is generated from different sources, essentially to make up for the shortage of resources which is in short supply like dams for hydro power and reactors for nuclear power. Being a developing country, Namibia is not in a financial position to have an independent electricity generation capacity to meet his demand; The Khomas Region, being the industrial hub of Namibia is not excluded from the energy deficit. With a growing economy and rural-urban immigration of 600-1000 people according to a 2005 estimate, the demand for power is soaring. Conscious of the regional energy situation and multi-lateral cooperation on energy sharing as well as future plans for energy generation, the Khomas Region does not have any plans to achieve energy self-sufficiency. All power is centralized with NAMPOWER as the sole energy provider. NAMPOWER in turn receives a large portion of its power from the Electricity Supply Commission (ESKOM), South Africa. ESKOM, like NAMPOWER experiences a shortfall of power to satisfy domestic demand and cannot assure the pre-2006 guaranteed power supply hence leaving Namibia with no other option than to enter into regional agreements for power supply; It is necessary for the Khomas Region to embark on the development of renewable energies which have an initial high capital or development costs but hold long term prospects. Worldwide there is a move away from carbon-based energy resources towards other environmental friendly sources of energy such as nuclear and wind energy; This study started with a cluster sample through which a blanket 46 respondents were asked to complete questionnaires while the study aimed at obtaining information from the perspective of the participants in the research. The study found that the Government of Namibia has embarked on the reform of the electricity sector, initiated an extensive rural electrification programme and attempted to get electrical appliances closer to the people by spreading energy shops throughout the country. The research showed that the Khomas Region has adopted a rather passive posture in the development of its energy self sufficiency. This could be attributed to the total monopoly of NAMPOWER and the lack of regulations or their enactment in respect of regions to develop their power infrastructure; The study recommends that in addition to the present efforts of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Institute (REEEI), Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME), and Barrier Removal to Namibian Renewable Energy Programme (NAMREP), the Khomas Regional Council should provide direct and indirect subsidy, both to entrepreneurs and consumers. The Region should furthermore consider utilization of an energy mix and encourage private entrepreneurs to invest in the development of renewable energies. Advisors/Committee Members: (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Renewable energy sources ; Electricity ; Power resources

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APA (6^th Edition):

Robinson, J. I. (2010). Energy security in the Khomas region . (Thesis). University of Namibia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11070/466

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Robinson, John I. “Energy security in the Khomas region .” 2010. Thesis, University of Namibia. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11070/466.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Robinson, John I. “Energy security in the Khomas region .” 2010. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Robinson JI. Energy security in the Khomas region . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Namibia; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11070/466.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Robinson JI. Energy security in the Khomas region . [Thesis]. University of Namibia; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11070/466

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Pretoria

19. Calmeyer, James Edward. The management of electricity cost within an Academic Institution.

Degree: Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2007, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26136

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document Advisors/Committee Members: Prof G J Delport (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Power resources; UCTD

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APA (6^th Edition):

Calmeyer, J. (2007). The management of electricity cost within an Academic Institution. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26136

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Calmeyer, James. “The management of electricity cost within an Academic Institution.” 2007. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26136.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Calmeyer, James. “The management of electricity cost within an Academic Institution.” 2007. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Calmeyer J. The management of electricity cost within an Academic Institution. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2007. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26136.

Council of Science Editors:

Calmeyer J. The management of electricity cost within an Academic Institution. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2007. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26136

Oregon State University

20. Vuk, Melvin M. The role and policy implications of selected external factors as applied to the developmental patterns of five Wyoming fuels.

Degree: PhD, Geography, 1975, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/43903

► The developmental patterns of five fuel resources located within the state of Wyoming are examined through time and in relation to several factors external to… (more)

▼ The developmental patterns of five fuel resources located within the state of Wyoming are examined through time and in relation to several factors external to the location of the fuels. An historic description and inventory of the five fuels: petroleum; natural gas; oil shale; coal; uranium are presented. External factors including governmental activities; economic and technological conditions as well as socio-environmental factors are portrayed as having cyclical Impacts upon the developmental and utilization patterns of Wyoming's fuels. Emphasis is particularly placed upon the ever increasing impact of societal concerns regarding environmental aspects of governmental and economic/technological activities. The external factors are examined in terms of their total impact on Wyoming's role as a regional and national supplier of fuel. Spatial aspects of the fuel resources in terms of their acquisition, transportation facilities and market areas are examined through time using various descriptive and quantitative measures. Policy implications for the successful implementation of federal energy development programs are discussed and evaluated in relation to an investigation of the aforementioned external factors, spatial considerations, and constraints. The author posits that the implica:- tions for policy decisions concerning energy on a national level are magnified at either a regional or state level. The solutions to environmental, economic and social problems as well as the traditional technological difficulties of mining which are found in Wyoming may be a microcosm of solutions which could be implemented on a national scale. Wyoming has traditionally been an exporter of its fuel resources, and the state's economy has generally been reactive to the national and political environment. The state has now begun to assume a role of leadership in energy resource development. Assuming an ever greater role as a regional and national supplier of fuels, Wyoming's future role may become more prominent in national energy affairs. Advisors/Committee Members: Maresh, Thomas J. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Power resources – Wyoming

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APA (6^th Edition):

Vuk, M. M. (1975). The role and policy implications of selected external factors as applied to the developmental patterns of five Wyoming fuels. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/43903

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Vuk, Melvin M. “The role and policy implications of selected external factors as applied to the developmental patterns of five Wyoming fuels.” 1975. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/43903.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Vuk, Melvin M. “The role and policy implications of selected external factors as applied to the developmental patterns of five Wyoming fuels.” 1975. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Vuk MM. The role and policy implications of selected external factors as applied to the developmental patterns of five Wyoming fuels. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1975. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/43903.

Council of Science Editors:

Vuk MM. The role and policy implications of selected external factors as applied to the developmental patterns of five Wyoming fuels. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1975. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/43903

University of Tasmania

21. Hill, AH. The energy crisis and manufacturing output and employment : a case study of Tasmanian manufacturing in the context of Australian manufacturing.

Degree: 1982, University of Tasmania

URL: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/20110/1/whole_HillAnthonyH1983_thesis.pdf

► In the past, Tasmania was seen as having enormous, possibly unlimited supplies of hydro-electrical power. This view combined with appreciation of Tasmania's difficult economic circumstances… (more)

▼ In the past, Tasmania was seen as having enormous, possibly unlimited supplies of hydro-electrical power. This view combined with appreciation of Tasmania's difficult economic circumstances to lend support to development of energy intensive industries, such as the COMALCO aluminium smelter at Bell Bay. This pattern of industrial development, which also relied on the initial processing of Tasmanian resources, has been described as 'hydro-industrialisation'. Over the 1970s Tasmania has shared the worldwide development of problems with energy supply, which have centered around the 1973 OPEC oil price increases and embargo. Tasmania has also developed problems surrounding its major indigenous fuel hydro-electricity. These issues have combined to produce a new energy supply situation for Tasmania; one that is marked by shortage, not abundance. The energy supply questions have arisen at the same time as pressing unemployment problems and slowing of economic growth. Since one of the major thrusts of Tasmanian economic development has been energy intensive manufacturing industry, this thesis examines the response of manufacturing to this new energy supply situation, to see how Tasmanian manufacturing energy use, employment and output have been affected. It goes on to look at changes in manufacturing production and the structure of manufacturing, in terms of three ratios: energy use to output, energy use to employment and employment to output. This examination shows the likely implications of trends in manufacturing, and manufacturing structure coming from the changed energy supply situation. The analysis shows that trends in Tasmanian manufacturing energy use, energy intensity, production process and structure are largely a continuation of past trends. They have not shown a strong response to changes in energy supply over the 1970s. Continuation of these-trends is likely to have important social implications for the stability of economic growth and employment in Tasmania, as well as being significant for future energy policy.

Subjects/Keywords: Power resources; Unemployment

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hill, A. (1982). The energy crisis and manufacturing output and employment : a case study of Tasmanian manufacturing in the context of Australian manufacturing. (Thesis). University of Tasmania. Retrieved from https://eprints.utas.edu.au/20110/1/whole_HillAnthonyH1983_thesis.pdf

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hill, AH. “The energy crisis and manufacturing output and employment : a case study of Tasmanian manufacturing in the context of Australian manufacturing.” 1982. Thesis, University of Tasmania. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/20110/1/whole_HillAnthonyH1983_thesis.pdf.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hill, AH. “The energy crisis and manufacturing output and employment : a case study of Tasmanian manufacturing in the context of Australian manufacturing.” 1982. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Hill A. The energy crisis and manufacturing output and employment : a case study of Tasmanian manufacturing in the context of Australian manufacturing. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Tasmania; 1982. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/20110/1/whole_HillAnthonyH1983_thesis.pdf.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Hill A. The energy crisis and manufacturing output and employment : a case study of Tasmanian manufacturing in the context of Australian manufacturing. [Thesis]. University of Tasmania; 1982. Available from: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/20110/1/whole_HillAnthonyH1983_thesis.pdf

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Drexel University

22. Smith, Derrick M. Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Holographically Polymerized Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Lithium Batteries.

Degree: 2016, Drexel University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1860/idea:7600

►

With the increasing demand for mobile technology, the next generation of power storage devices must be realized. The insertion-type electrodes typically used in commercially available… (more)

▼

With the increasing demand for mobile technology, the next generation of power storage devices must be realized. The insertion-type electrodes typically used in commercially available secondary batteries have low capacitances; for instance, a graphitic anode has a theoretical specific capacitance of 372 mAhg-1. The most promising route to increasing the energy density is by switching the anode to Li metal, which has a specific capacitance of 3860 mAhg-1, and using stabilizing additives for the latter. However, Li metal experiences unacceptable Li dendritic failure at consumer operating conditions. Polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) have been explored over the past four decades to address this; however, a suitable material has not yet been found to address this failure mechanism prohibiting commercialization. In this dissertation, we demonstrate using holographic polymerization induced phase separation as a facile top-down technique to nanostructure the PEM and exploit the long-range phase separation offered by this technique to decouple the mechanical and ion transport properties. Isotropically floodlit samples were used as a baseline to examine the nanostructuring effect. For example, with 30% electrolyte, the baseline isotropic samples showed a room temperature conductivity and tensile modulus of 1.5 x 10-6 S/cm and 156 MPa, where the 1D lamellar patterned PEMs boasted an impressive improvement to both properties, 2.0 x 10-5 S/cm and 618 MPa. The nanostructuring and mechanical enhancemet effects regarding Li metal and dendritic growth were also observed using galvanostatic polarization. It was found that there was a tradeoff between certain nanostructure geometries that increased the current density and the mechanical enhancement provided by said nanostructures. Two nanostructures exhibited a 100-150 fold increase in cell lifetime before dendritic failure over the predicted lifetime based on Chazalviez's model. This top-down nanostructuring technique also uniquely offers a new exciting platform for exploring other structure-property relationships in electrochemical membranes.

Ph.D., Materials Science and Engineering – Drexel University, 2016

Advisors/Committee Members: Li, Christopher Y., College of Engineering.

Subjects/Keywords: Materials science; Power resources; Electric batteries; Electrochemistry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Smith, D. M. (2016). Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Holographically Polymerized Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Lithium Batteries. (Thesis). Drexel University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1860/idea:7600

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Smith, Derrick M. “Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Holographically Polymerized Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Lithium Batteries.” 2016. Thesis, Drexel University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/idea:7600.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Smith, Derrick M. “Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Holographically Polymerized Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Lithium Batteries.” 2016. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Smith DM. Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Holographically Polymerized Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Lithium Batteries. [Internet] [Thesis]. Drexel University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1860/idea:7600.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Smith DM. Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Holographically Polymerized Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Lithium Batteries. [Thesis]. Drexel University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1860/idea:7600

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Drexel University

23. Kahveci, Furkan. Combining Strategic and Operational Decision Making in Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Logistics.

Degree: 2017, Drexel University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1860/idea:7656

►

Recent increase in energy prices, concern regarding CO2 emissions, exploration of new energy sources, and some conventional methods of Liquefied Natural Gas transportation have a… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Power resources; Operations research; Business logistics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kahveci, F. (2017). Combining Strategic and Operational Decision Making in Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Logistics. (Thesis). Drexel University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1860/idea:7656

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kahveci, Furkan. “Combining Strategic and Operational Decision Making in Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Logistics.” 2017. Thesis, Drexel University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/idea:7656.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kahveci, Furkan. “Combining Strategic and Operational Decision Making in Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Logistics.” 2017. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kahveci F. Combining Strategic and Operational Decision Making in Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Logistics. [Internet] [Thesis]. Drexel University; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1860/idea:7656.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kahveci F. Combining Strategic and Operational Decision Making in Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Logistics. [Thesis]. Drexel University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1860/idea:7656

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Johannesburg

24. Barnard, Jacobus Marthinus. Translational contactless power supply systems with ultrasonic frequencies.

Degree: 2012, University of Johannesburg

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8242

►

D.Ing.

In this thesis, contactless power transmission with sliding transformers to mobile loads is investigated. The sliding transformer comprises an extended primary winding - placed… (more)

▼

D.Ing.

In this thesis, contactless power transmission with sliding transformers to mobile loads is investigated. The sliding transformer comprises an extended primary winding - placed along the path of travel - which is fed through a core containing a secondary winding and which is attached to a mobile load. In the first chapter problems with existing power supply systems are discussed whereafter several possible applications of such a system are identified. In this chapter different methods of obtaining contactless power transmission are also discussed and a brief discussion of a practical, cost effective system is given. In chapter two the application of different resonant topologies to compensate the large structural inductance of the sliding transformer is investigated. A Series Resonant, Series Loaded topology is identified as the most practical and efficient topology for this application and a more detailed analysis of this topology - as applied to this case - is given. Formulas to calculate the sliding transformer parameters are given in the third chapter and two quantities relating the optimization of sliding transformers to the parameters thereof, are defined. Methods to optimize sliding transformers in terms of these two quantities, and also with respect to EMI, are also discussed in this chapter. The design of a five meter long experimental system which delivers 15 kVA to a mobile load is given in chapter four and experimental results of this system are presented. In chapter five a detailed investigation into different output power control methods is conducted. The effect of these control methods on EMI is investigated by means of numerical simulation of a Series Resonant, Series Loaded system under these different control methods. The most complex control method which generates the most EMI, namely frequency and pulse burst control, is implemented into the experimental system to investigate the limitations thereof. Experimental results of this controlled system are presented. It is found that this control method increases the control range obtainable with classical frequency control but introduces many limitations due to discontinuous primary current. It is concluded in the last chapter that it is possible to optimize sliding transformers within achievable cost constraints to such an extent that such systems have acceptable efficiencies and that reasonable system lengths are obtainable.

Subjects/Keywords: Power resources; Electric current converters; Electric transformers

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APA (6^th Edition):

Barnard, J. M. (2012). Translational contactless power supply systems with ultrasonic frequencies. (Thesis). University of Johannesburg. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8242

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Barnard, Jacobus Marthinus. “Translational contactless power supply systems with ultrasonic frequencies.” 2012. Thesis, University of Johannesburg. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8242.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Barnard, Jacobus Marthinus. “Translational contactless power supply systems with ultrasonic frequencies.” 2012. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Barnard JM. Translational contactless power supply systems with ultrasonic frequencies. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Johannesburg; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8242.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Barnard JM. Translational contactless power supply systems with ultrasonic frequencies. [Thesis]. University of Johannesburg; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8242

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Reykjavík University

25. Henry James Noller 1994-. Feasibility assessment of decentralised, layered-decomposition optimisation structure for the EU internal energy market .

Degree: 2020, Reykjavík University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1946/36429

► Distributed Energy Resources are becoming increasingly numerous, with many positive and negative implications for the electricity sector. A decentralised, layered-decomposition optimisation structure is a proposed… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Orkuvísindi; Meistaraprófsritgerðir; Orkulindir; Sustainable energy; Power resources

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APA (6^th Edition):

1994-, H. J. N. (2020). Feasibility assessment of decentralised, layered-decomposition optimisation structure for the EU internal energy market . (Thesis). Reykjavík University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1946/36429

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

1994-, Henry James Noller. “Feasibility assessment of decentralised, layered-decomposition optimisation structure for the EU internal energy market .” 2020. Thesis, Reykjavík University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1946/36429.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

1994-, Henry James Noller. “Feasibility assessment of decentralised, layered-decomposition optimisation structure for the EU internal energy market .” 2020. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

1994- HJN. Feasibility assessment of decentralised, layered-decomposition optimisation structure for the EU internal energy market . [Internet] [Thesis]. Reykjavík University; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1946/36429.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

1994- HJN. Feasibility assessment of decentralised, layered-decomposition optimisation structure for the EU internal energy market . [Thesis]. Reykjavík University; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1946/36429

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Oregon State University

26. Devine, Warren D. Determinants of electrical energy demand for a state; methodology and system simulation.

Degree: PhD, Nuclear Engineering, 1975, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/44319

► The determinants of electrical energy demand for the State of Oregon are represented in a mathematical model. This model is structured to operate in parallel… (more)

▼ The determinants of electrical energy demand for the State of Oregon are represented in a mathematical model. This model is structured to operate in parallel with a computer simulation model of the state and is utilized independently to investigate electrical energy consumption during various scenarios of economic activity and energy prices. The introductory chapters discuss the importance of the inclusion into energy forecasts of the effects of significant changes in economic and demographic variables as well as consumer responses to increasing energy prices. Alternate methodologies used in forecasting are reviewed. It is argued that the determinants of electricity demand should be viewed as interrelated elements of a socio-economic system and must be addressed in concert with one another. The Oregon State Simulation Model (OSSIM) and the system simulation methodology employed in its development are described. Chapter four presents the data base, structure, and dynamics of the electrical energy demand model. Intensiveness of electricity use and economic activity are exhibited separately, to demonstrate whether increases in consumption are due to changes in intensiveness, to economic growth, or to both and in what proportion. Increasing energy prices induce electricity conservation, interfuel substitution, and changes in appliance saturation trends. These phenomena are modeled explicitly, recognizing that each can affect intensiveness of use and can be characterized by different time constants and limits. The following four chapters develop electrical energy intensiveness functions for thirty-seven consumer categories which are divided among four major sectors. The industrial sector consists of nineteen two-digit SIC groups and three irrigation regions; twelve household appliances and one residual group are included in the residential sector; the commercial sector covers all service activities with the exception of street/highway illumination, which composes the transportation sector. Underlying causes of changing electrical energy intensiveness are explored and price-independent projections of intensiveness are proposed. These projections are linear functions of time in the non-residential categories and sigmoidal functions in twelve residential categories. Results of model operation with exogenous functions of economic activity are discussed in the concluding chapter, together with a description of sensitivity testing and validation criteria. Scenarios investigated demonstrate the significance of the detailed representation of consumer responses to energy price changes. Model utility appears to lie in the ability to illustrate causes of changes in electricity consumption growth rate, to assess alternate scenarios of energy prices, and – when utilized in concert with the OSSIM – to estimate electrical energy requirements based upon self-consistent scenarios of underlying economic activity. Advisors/Committee Members: Ringle, John C. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Power resources – Oregon

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APA (6^th Edition):

Devine, W. D. (1975). Determinants of electrical energy demand for a state; methodology and system simulation. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/44319

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Devine, Warren D. “Determinants of electrical energy demand for a state; methodology and system simulation.” 1975. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/44319.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Devine, Warren D. “Determinants of electrical energy demand for a state; methodology and system simulation.” 1975. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Devine WD. Determinants of electrical energy demand for a state; methodology and system simulation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1975. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/44319.

Council of Science Editors:

Devine WD. Determinants of electrical energy demand for a state; methodology and system simulation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1975. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/44319

27. Chitumbo, Sylvester Bupe. Causality analysis between electricity consumption and economic growth: Evidence from Zambia.

Degree: 2016, University of Zimbabwe

URL: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/4817

► Zambia’s economic history has, to some extent, been greatly influenced by the early 1970s energy oil crisis precipitated by the steep adjustment of the international… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Power Resources-Zambia; Zambia-Economic Conditions

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chitumbo, S. B. (2016). Causality analysis between electricity consumption and economic growth: Evidence from Zambia. (Thesis). University of Zimbabwe. Retrieved from http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/4817

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chitumbo, Sylvester Bupe. “Causality analysis between electricity consumption and economic growth: Evidence from Zambia.” 2016. Thesis, University of Zimbabwe. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/4817.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chitumbo, Sylvester Bupe. “Causality analysis between electricity consumption and economic growth: Evidence from Zambia.” 2016. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Chitumbo SB. Causality analysis between electricity consumption and economic growth: Evidence from Zambia. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Zimbabwe; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/4817.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Chitumbo SB. Causality analysis between electricity consumption and economic growth: Evidence from Zambia. [Thesis]. University of Zimbabwe; 2016. Available from: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/4817

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Nanyang Technological University

28. Li, Baosheng. Novel electrodes with enhanced performance for proton exchange membrane fuel cell applications .

Degree: 2013, Nanyang Technological University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10356/54959

► As a promising substitution to conventional power sources rely on combustion of fossil fuels, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) have attracted plenty of interest… (more)

▼ As a promising substitution to conventional power sources rely on combustion of fossil fuels, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) have attracted plenty of interest for various applications such as power sources for portable electronics, stationary power generation, and onto mobiles. At the present time, PEMFCs are still facing the challenges of cost as well as performance issues before they can be largely commercialized. One of the high cost factors comes from the significant amount of platinum (Pt) used in the PEMFC, especially at the cathode side due to the sluggish kinetic towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The objective of this study is focus on understanding factors limiting the efficient use of the electrocatalyst in PEMFCs, and more importantly developing and optimizing new methods to prepare electrodes that are able to overcome cost and cathode kinetic limitations. More technically and specifically, this study is focused on reducing cathode Pt loading without sacrificing the fuel cell performance due to the sluggish kinetic and high Pt usage at the cathode. In state of the art PEMFCs, Pt supported on carbon black is used as an electrocatalyst. Catalyst support strongly affects the electrical properties of the catalyst layer. In order to reduce the Pt loading as well as improve the catalyst performance, carbon nanofibers (CNFs) directly grown on carbon paper is produced to act as novel catalyst support. This structure ensures that all the catalyst particles are in firm electrical contact with the carbon paper backings. Furthermore, CNFs possess higher electric conductivity, larger surface area and better corrosion resistance compared with conventional carbon black catalyst supports. Due to these advantages the use of CNFs as catalyst support can improve the Pt catalyst utilization efficiency; the mass transfer properties of the catalyst layer and the durability. In the single cell test, Pt/CNFs electrode is able to produce 50% (0.14 mgPt/cm2) and 70% (0.07 mgPt/cm2) higher cathode Pt mass power output than that using Pt/Carbon black catalyst (0.4 mgPt/cm2). To further reduce the cathode Pt loading and improve the performance, a pulse current electrodeposition (PCE) based three-step method was developed and utilized to fabricate membrane-electrode assemblies (MEAs) cathodes with ultra low platinum loading. The purpose of this study is to improve the catalytic activity of platinum by alloying it with transition metals on oxygen reduction reaction occured at cathode side and to investigate the electrochemical and electrocatalytic characteristics of ternary alloys in PEMFCs. This approach involves an electrodeposition process to establish an improved catalyst layer structure with better catalyst utilization efficiency, followed with a galvanic displacement and electrochemical dissolution process to produce core shell structured Pt-based alloy to improve the catalyst mass activity. The control of catalyst distribution uniformity on a 5 × 5 cm2 electrode prepared by this novel three step process was…

Subjects/Keywords: DRNTU::Engineering::Mechanical engineering::Power resources

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APA (6^th Edition):

Li, B. (2013). Novel electrodes with enhanced performance for proton exchange membrane fuel cell applications . (Thesis). Nanyang Technological University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10356/54959

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Li, Baosheng. “Novel electrodes with enhanced performance for proton exchange membrane fuel cell applications .” 2013. Thesis, Nanyang Technological University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10356/54959.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Li, Baosheng. “Novel electrodes with enhanced performance for proton exchange membrane fuel cell applications .” 2013. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Li B. Novel electrodes with enhanced performance for proton exchange membrane fuel cell applications . [Internet] [Thesis]. Nanyang Technological University; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10356/54959.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Li B. Novel electrodes with enhanced performance for proton exchange membrane fuel cell applications . [Thesis]. Nanyang Technological University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10356/54959

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Nanyang Technological University

29. He, Zhongjie. Reduced cell and stack modeling of planar solid oxide fuel cells .

Degree: 2014, Nanyang Technological University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10356/59528

► A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is an electrochemical energy conversion device operating at high temperatures from 500 to 1000 ℃ fueled by hydrogen or… (more)

▼ A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is an electrochemical energy conversion device operating at high temperatures from 500 to 1000 ℃ fueled by hydrogen or hydrocarbon, and is developed for environmentally friendly and sustainable energy production. The cell performance typically involves complicated multiphysical behaviours, such as transport phenomena and electrochemical performance. To understand the characteristics and mechanism of the SOFC, mathematical modeling is an efficient approach, compared with repetitive and costly experimental techniques. In general, however, three-dimensional (3D) modeling of SOFCs is computationally expensive, especially for stacks, due to the highly coupled and nonlinear nature of the mathematical formulation as well as a large number of functional domains in the cell. Although there are simplified P-SOFC models from 3D to 2D, the assumptions on dimensionality tend to lower the fidelity of model prediction. In this thesis, novel reduced models are developed for the planar SOFC (P-SOFC) and stack equipped with parallel plain flow channels to significantly reduce computational cost with desired numerical accuracy, while capturing both the average properties and the variability of the dependent variables in the 3D model. The model reduction is performed based on a full 3D cell model that is validated with experimental measurements from the literature, where the 3D model consists of a set of governing equations for the conservation of mass, momentum, species, charge and energy, and provides a detailed description of the transport phenomena and electrochemical performance of a P-SOFC. The first achievement of the present work is the development of novel correlation factors to spatially smooth the flow fields of parallel plain channels and solid ribs based on the 3D single-cell model under isothermal conditions. The factors are derived based on the full set of governing equations over a cell cross section, such that they can handle not only variations in diffusion pathways due to ribs but also the coupling effects between governing equations. They are specified for the cathode and anode separately. The complexity of the mathematical model is reduced via spatial smoothing and asymptotic analysis without sacrificing the leading-order physics. The numerical computation is sped up further via a space-marching algorithm. As a result of spatial smoothing with the developed correlation factors, the isothermal 3D single-cell model is reduced to a two-dimensional (2D) counterpart with effective physical parameters, which is solved with respect to directions along the cell length (streamwise direction, ex) and through the cell thickness (normal direction, ez). When performing spatial smoothing for model reduction, there is no loss in physical information except that the local pointwise information is replaced with spanwise averaged counterparts. The 2D spatially-smoothed counterpart is then asymptotically reduced to a set of parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs) and ordinary ones (ODEs) with a…

Subjects/Keywords: DRNTU::Engineering::Mechanical engineering::Power resources

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

He, Z. (2014). Reduced cell and stack modeling of planar solid oxide fuel cells . (Thesis). Nanyang Technological University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10356/59528

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

He, Zhongjie. “Reduced cell and stack modeling of planar solid oxide fuel cells .” 2014. Thesis, Nanyang Technological University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10356/59528.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

He, Zhongjie. “Reduced cell and stack modeling of planar solid oxide fuel cells .” 2014. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

He Z. Reduced cell and stack modeling of planar solid oxide fuel cells . [Internet] [Thesis]. Nanyang Technological University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10356/59528.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

He Z. Reduced cell and stack modeling of planar solid oxide fuel cells . [Thesis]. Nanyang Technological University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10356/59528

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Columbia University

30. Lin, Kun-Yi. Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Liquid-like Nanoparticle Organic Hybrid Materials for Carbon Dioxide Capture.

Degree: 2012, Columbia University

URL: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8Q2467C

► Given the rapid increase in atmospheric concentration of CO2, the development of efficient CO2 capture technologies is critical for the future of carbon-based energy. Currently,… (more)

▼ Given the rapid increase in atmospheric concentration of CO2, the development of efficient CO2 capture technologies is critical for the future of carbon-based energy. Currently, the most commonly employed approach to capture CO2 is amine scrubbing in which amine-based solvents react with gaseous CO2 to form carbamate. Although the amine-based solvents such as monoethanolamine (MEA) exhibit high CO2 capture capacity, their high volatility results in corrosive fumes and energy-intensive regeneration process. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop alternative CO2 capture media that can be efficient and environmentally sustainable. To achieve this goal, a new class of CO2 capture media named Nanoparticle Organic Hybrid Materials (NOHMs) has been formulated. A unit of NOHMs consists of a surface-functionalized nanoparticle as a core to which selected polymers are tethered to form a canopy. Such a configuration prevents loss of polymers and enables NOHMs to exhibit near zero vapor pressure. As the canopy is tethered to the core, it has been theorized that CO2 can be captured not only by the enthalpic effect via reactions with functional groups along the polymeric canopy but also by the entropic means via introduction of small gaseous molecules such as CO2 to reduce the free energy of the frustrated canopy. This study represents the first attempt to investigate CO2 capture using NOHMs. In this dissertation, NOHMs were designed, synthesized and evaluated for CO2 capture properties. Characterization of NOHMs was conducted by employing various spectroscopic tools, such as ATR FT-IR, Raman and NMR, to confirm successful synthesis of NOHMs. Thermal stability and nanoscale configuration of NOHMs were measured using TGA and TEM, respectively. NOHMs with various chemical and structural parameters, including bonding types, functional groups, chain lengths, core sizes, and core fractions, were prepared. The effects of these parameters on CO2 capture relevant properties such as thermal stability, thermally-induced swelling, CO2-induced swelling, CO2 packing behavior and CO2 capture capacity were explored in detail. In comparison to the unbound polymers, NOHMs exhibited enhanced thermal stability. Such an enhancement allows NOHMs to be used in a wide-range of operational temperatures. While an unbound polymer degraded 80 wt% after a 100-cycle temperature swing, there was no significant loss in its corresponding NOHMs. Elevated temperatures also caused NOHMs to swell but the degree of thermally-induced swelling of NOHMs was less than that of the unbound polymers due to restriction on movement of the tethered polymer chains. CO2 capture capacity studies revealed that NOHMs can capture 0.1 - 0.4 mmol/g-solvent depending on partial pressure of CO2 and temperatures. The CO2 capture mechanism was also revealed as a Lewis acid-base interaction between CO2 and ether groups which were the most common functional groups of the polymers selected for the NOHMs synthesis (e.g. NOHM-I-HPE, NOHM-I-tPE and NOHM-I-PEG). The effect of functional…

Subjects/Keywords: Environmental engineering; Chemical engineering; Power resources

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Lin, K. (2012). Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Liquid-like Nanoparticle Organic Hybrid Materials for Carbon Dioxide Capture. (Doctoral Dissertation). Columbia University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.7916/D8Q2467C

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lin, Kun-Yi. “Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Liquid-like Nanoparticle Organic Hybrid Materials for Carbon Dioxide Capture.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Columbia University. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8Q2467C.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lin, Kun-Yi. “Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Liquid-like Nanoparticle Organic Hybrid Materials for Carbon Dioxide Capture.” 2012. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Lin K. Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Liquid-like Nanoparticle Organic Hybrid Materials for Carbon Dioxide Capture. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Columbia University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8Q2467C.

Council of Science Editors:

Lin K. Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Liquid-like Nanoparticle Organic Hybrid Materials for Carbon Dioxide Capture. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Columbia University; 2012. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8Q2467C

Open Access Theses and Dissertations