You searched for subject:(Positron Emission Tomography).
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University of Manitoba
1.
Liu, Chen-Yi.
Characterization of silicon photomultiplier readout designs for use in positron emission tomography systems.
Degree: Physics and Astronomy, 2011, University of Manitoba
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/18339 
► Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes, or silicon photomultipliers, are promising light sensors for the next generation Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanners. The sensor is being used in…
(more)
▼ Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes, or silicon photomultipliers, are promising light sensors for the next generation
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanners. The sensor is being used in the scanner’s gamma ray detector to measure scintillation light. This thesis describes the test results of three gamma ray detectors that utilize silicon photomultipliers. The first one is a commercial detector, and the other two are custom made. The detectors are tested for their 511 keV photon energy and timing resolution, as well as their ability to measure light from small scintillator crystals. The two custom made detectors had smaller active area, but outperformed the commercial detector in energy resolution. The introduction of buffer amplifiers improved the timing resolution of one detector. All three detectors had their crystal decoding ability limited by signal multiplexing and the sensor’s dark noise. Finally, a detector design was proposed for the PET system being developed in our group.
Advisors/Committee Members: Goertzen, Andrew (Physics & Astronomy) (supervisor), Fiege, Jason (Physics and Astronomy) Lin, Francis (Physics and Astronomy) Major, Arkady (Electrical and Computer Engineering) (examiningcommittee).
Subjects/Keywords: positron emission tomography
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APA (6th Edition):
Liu, C. (2011). Characterization of silicon photomultiplier readout designs for use in positron emission tomography systems. (Masters Thesis). University of Manitoba. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1993/18339
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Liu, Chen-Yi. “Characterization of silicon photomultiplier readout designs for use in positron emission tomography systems.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Manitoba. Accessed January 15, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1993/18339.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Liu, Chen-Yi. “Characterization of silicon photomultiplier readout designs for use in positron emission tomography systems.” 2011. Web. 15 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Liu C. Characterization of silicon photomultiplier readout designs for use in positron emission tomography systems. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Manitoba; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 15].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/18339.
Council of Science Editors:
Liu C. Characterization of silicon photomultiplier readout designs for use in positron emission tomography systems. [Masters Thesis]. University of Manitoba; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/18339
University of Manitoba
2.
Dietz, Bryson.
Positron emission tomography quantification of stem cells in cardiovascular disease.
Degree: Physics and Astronomy, 2014, University of Manitoba
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23302
► Stem cell therapy is emerging as a possible method for treating many diseases and disorders, such as cardiovascular disease. In particular, stem cells may be…
(more)
▼ Stem cell therapy is emerging as a possible method for treating many diseases and disorders, such as cardiovascular disease. In particular, stem cells may be able to revive the dead tissue caused by acute myocardial infarction (heart attack). Adipose-derived stem cells were labelled with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles, for imaging with
positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), respectively, and injected into several rats following induced myocardial infarction. Stem cell retention in the heart was investigated following three injection sites; two within the heart (intramyocardial and left intraventricular), and one easily accessible vein (tail vein). The PET and MR images were registered and the initial distributions analyzed using region of interest (ROI) analysis, to determine which injection method would result in the highest stem cell retention in the infarcted heart. The ROI results determined that the intramyocardial injection had the highest % injected dose (%ID) in the heart with 14 +/- 4%, followed by left intraventricular and tail vein with %IDs of 3.6 +/- 0.8% and 1.2 +/- 0.6%, respectively. The results indicate that stem cell delivery via intramyocardial injection should be utilized for optimal retention in the heart.
Advisors/Committee Members: Elhami, Esmat (Physics and Astronomy) (supervisor), Lin, Francis (Physics and Astronomy) Sherif, Sherif (Electrical and Computer Engineering) (examiningcommittee).
Subjects/Keywords: Positron emission tomography; Stem cell
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APA (6th Edition):
Dietz, B. (2014). Positron emission tomography quantification of stem cells in cardiovascular disease. (Masters Thesis). University of Manitoba. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23302
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Dietz, Bryson. “Positron emission tomography quantification of stem cells in cardiovascular disease.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Manitoba. Accessed January 15, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23302.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Dietz, Bryson. “Positron emission tomography quantification of stem cells in cardiovascular disease.” 2014. Web. 15 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Dietz B. Positron emission tomography quantification of stem cells in cardiovascular disease. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Manitoba; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 15].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23302.
Council of Science Editors:
Dietz B. Positron emission tomography quantification of stem cells in cardiovascular disease. [Masters Thesis]. University of Manitoba; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23302
3.
Yuan, Gengyang.
Design, synthesis, methodology development, and evaluation of PET imaging agents targeting cancer and CNS disorders.
Degree: PhD, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 2017, Northeastern University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20251581
► As a non-invasive imaging technique, positron emission tomography (PET) is capable of in vivo quantification of biochemical and pharmacological progress via radiolabeled molecular probes. This…
(more)
▼ As a non-invasive imaging technique, positron emission tomography (PET) is capable of in vivo quantification of biochemical and pharmacological progress via radiolabeled molecular probes. This dissertation highlights the development of a novel PET radiotracer for imaging -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor, 18F labeling methodology for [18F]arylCF2H functionality, and design and synthesis of PET tracers targeting the endocanabinoid system in the brain (i.e. fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL)) and the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) in the immune system.; Chapter 2 describes the radiosynthesis of 2-(1-(3-[18F]fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-1,2-dihydropyridin-3yl)benzonitrile ([18F]2-11), which shows similar biodistribution results in mice as that of its [11C]2-11 isotopologue. In combination with the longer half-life of fluorine-18, [18F]2-11 is beneficial to the PET imaging studies when translated to higher species.; Chapter 3 introduces a metal-free benzylic C-H bond activation enabled 18F labeling of [18F]arylCF2H functionality. This methodology features a superior specific activity compared with those reported in literature as well as a diverse substrate scope.; Chapter 4 highlights the molecular modeling-assisted elucidation of the severe adverse event brought by the FAAH inhibitor BIA 10-2474 in phase 1 clinical trial and the development of series of novel covalent and non-covalent MGL inhibitors as potential PET radiotracers.; Chapter 5 describes the design and synthesis of series of compounds targeting A2AR as potential cancer immunotheraputics, following the hypothesized hypoxia-adenosinergic pathway. This project results in one promising compound 5-34 with satisfactory results in cAMP and IFN-gamma immunoassays.
Subjects/Keywords: positron emission tomography; cancer; immunotheraputics
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APA (6th Edition):
Yuan, G. (2017). Design, synthesis, methodology development, and evaluation of PET imaging agents targeting cancer and CNS disorders. (Doctoral Dissertation). Northeastern University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20251581
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Yuan, Gengyang. “Design, synthesis, methodology development, and evaluation of PET imaging agents targeting cancer and CNS disorders.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Northeastern University. Accessed January 15, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20251581.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Yuan, Gengyang. “Design, synthesis, methodology development, and evaluation of PET imaging agents targeting cancer and CNS disorders.” 2017. Web. 15 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Yuan G. Design, synthesis, methodology development, and evaluation of PET imaging agents targeting cancer and CNS disorders. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Northeastern University; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 15].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20251581.
Council of Science Editors:
Yuan G. Design, synthesis, methodology development, and evaluation of PET imaging agents targeting cancer and CNS disorders. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Northeastern University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20251581
University of Manitoba
4.
Teimoorisichani, Mohammadreza.
Development of scatter reconstruction algorithms to 3-dimensional positron emission tomography.
Degree: Physics and Astronomy, 2014, University of Manitoba
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23871
► In 3-dimensional positron emission tomography (PET), the proportion of the detected photon coincidences arising from scatter can be very high, up to 60%. A standard…
(more)
▼ In 3-dimensional
positron emission tomography (PET), the proportion of the detected photon coincidences arising from scatter can be very high, up to 60%. A standard approach to scatter correction in 3D PET is to estimate the scattered coincidences and subtract them from the list of recorded events. More recently, novel techniques have been proposed in which the information carried by the scattered photons was extracted and directly used in the image reconstruction step. In this work, the algorithms were extended for use in non-TOF 3D PET systems and were qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated. Despite some promising initial outcomes, standard performance metrics of images reconstructed with each technique, representing the quality of images, was shown to be deteriorated under specified conditions. Further work is required to investigate potential benefits of the proposed algorithms for both ideal and clinical conditions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Pistorius, Stephen (Physics and Astronomy) Ingleby, Harry (Physics and Astronomy) (supervisor), Goertzen, Andrew (Physics and Astronomy) Bruce, Neil (Computer Science) (examiningcommittee).
Subjects/Keywords: Positron Emission Tomography; Image Reconstruction
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APA (6th Edition):
Teimoorisichani, M. (2014). Development of scatter reconstruction algorithms to 3-dimensional positron emission tomography. (Masters Thesis). University of Manitoba. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23871
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Teimoorisichani, Mohammadreza. “Development of scatter reconstruction algorithms to 3-dimensional positron emission tomography.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Manitoba. Accessed January 15, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23871.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Teimoorisichani, Mohammadreza. “Development of scatter reconstruction algorithms to 3-dimensional positron emission tomography.” 2014. Web. 15 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Teimoorisichani M. Development of scatter reconstruction algorithms to 3-dimensional positron emission tomography. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Manitoba; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 15].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23871.
Council of Science Editors:
Teimoorisichani M. Development of scatter reconstruction algorithms to 3-dimensional positron emission tomography. [Masters Thesis]. University of Manitoba; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23871
University of Newcastle
5.
Barnes, Michael.
The ³He(d,p)He⁴ nuclear fusion reaction as a source of mega-voltage protons for the production of fluorine-18 for PET applications.
Degree: Physics, 2009, University of Newcastle
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/38557
► Masters Research - Master of Philosophy (Physics)
Fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) labeled with fluorine-18 is commonly used in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. PET imaging is a…
(more)
▼ Masters Research - Master of Philosophy (Physics)
Fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) labeled with fluorine-18 is commonly used in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. PET imaging is a powerful tool used primarily in the diagnosis and management of cancer. The growth of PET has been limited partly by the difficulties associated in producing fluorine-18. This project involves a theoretical investigation of a novel method of producing fluorine-18 utilising proton generation via the ³He(d,p)⁴He nuclear reaction. Currently the most common method of producing fluorine-18 for PET is with a medical cyclotron that accelerates protons to mega-voltage energies. These protons are then directed onto a target rich in oxygen-18. This initiates the ¹⁸O(p,n)¹⁸F reaction to produce fluorine-18. The ³He(d,p)⁴He reaction, utilized for the present study, has a Q-value of 18.35 MeV and this results in protons being produced at energies similar to that produced in a medical cyclotron. This reaction was investigated as an alternative proton source for the ¹⁸O(p,n)¹⁸F reaction. The expected advantage of this method over the cyclotron is that particles need only be accelerated to keV energies rather than the tens of MeV that a medical cyclotron accelerates protons to. This is expected to significantly reduce the cost and associated size of the system. Two systems based on the ³He(d,p)⁴He reaction were designed and calculations were performed to determine the respective yields of fluorine-18. The first system involved separate targets for the ³He(d,p)⁴He and ¹⁸O(p,n)¹⁸F reactions. Helium-3 ions are initially fired onto a deuterated plastic target. A heavy-water (H₂O¹⁸) target is placed immediately behind this plastic target to absorb mega-voltage protons produced by the reaction ³He(d,p)⁴He in the plastic. The second system involved a single, super heavy water (D₂O¹⁸) target onto which helium-3 is fired so that both the ³He(d,p)⁴He and ¹⁸O(p,n)¹⁸F reactions can occur concurrently in the one target. The input parameters of energy and beam current for the helium-3 beam required for the ³He(d,p)⁴He reaction were selected on the basis of the performance of currently available ion sources and in particular the saddle-field ion source. Practical considerations such as radiation safety, target degradation and lifetime and ultra high vacuum (UHV) issues were also investigated to further determine the feasibility of the two systems. With the beam current and energy at the extreme limits of the saddle-field ion source it was calculated that insufficient fluorine-18 could be produced daily to supply a PET facility with FDG. It was also found that the high helium-3 beam currents and energy required to produce significant amounts of fluorine-18 resulted in prohibitive temperature rises in the targets that would likely result in target vaporization..
Advisors/Committee Members: University of Newcastle. Faculty of Science and Information Technology, School of Mathematics and Physical Sciences.
Subjects/Keywords: positron emission tomography; nuclear fusion; fluoro deoxyglucose
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Barnes, M. (2009). The ³He(d,p)He⁴ nuclear fusion reaction as a source of mega-voltage protons for the production of fluorine-18 for PET applications. (Masters Thesis). University of Newcastle. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/38557
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Barnes, Michael. “The ³He(d,p)He⁴ nuclear fusion reaction as a source of mega-voltage protons for the production of fluorine-18 for PET applications.” 2009. Masters Thesis, University of Newcastle. Accessed January 15, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/38557.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Barnes, Michael. “The ³He(d,p)He⁴ nuclear fusion reaction as a source of mega-voltage protons for the production of fluorine-18 for PET applications.” 2009. Web. 15 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Barnes M. The ³He(d,p)He⁴ nuclear fusion reaction as a source of mega-voltage protons for the production of fluorine-18 for PET applications. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Newcastle; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 15].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/38557.
Council of Science Editors:
Barnes M. The ³He(d,p)He⁴ nuclear fusion reaction as a source of mega-voltage protons for the production of fluorine-18 for PET applications. [Masters Thesis]. University of Newcastle; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/38557
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
6.
Alhasan, Mustafa.
Evaluation of F-18 Labeled Hydroxy Quinoline Derivative as a Potential PET Imaging Agent for Early Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease.
Degree: 2012, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152.5/1014
► Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive cognitive decline in the elderly people older than 65 years of age. The pathological…
(more)
▼ Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive cognitive decline in the elderly people older than 65 years of age. The pathological hallmarks of the disease include extracellular senile plaques and intracellular tangles developing during the pre-symptomatic stage. Although the definite diagnosis of AD is only possible post-mortem, non-invasive imaging has provided an important tool for early detection, and has helped in planning for an effective treatment. Targeted molecular imaging using
positron emission tomography (PET) has provided the insight into understanding different disease mechanisms with high sensitivity. Based on the amyloid cascade hypothesis, congo red and thioflavine derivatives have been investigated as potential PET ligands that bind specifically to the amyloid plaques. Another hypothesis, the metal hypothesis, suggested that elevated level of metals particularly zinc, copper and iron, can interact with amyloid beta proteins to form metal complexes. The use of metal chelation therapy has emphasized the involvement of metals in the aggregation of plaques and has shown promising results in clinical and animal studies through dissolving plaques and restoring the metals balance in the affected brains. In this study, based on the metal hypothesis, 18F-labeled 8-hydroxy quinoline was investigated as a potential PET imaging agent for early detection of AD in APP/PS1 mouse model. This agent demonstrated high binding affinity to the plaque aggregates (1.5 nM), and increased fluorescence intensity upon binding to zinc. In addition, in vivo studies showed the feasibility of differentiating mice with AD from normal control mice (p < 0.05), and the ability to detect different plaque densities at different ages of AD (4, 6, and 12 months). Good correlations were found between autoradiography, histology and PET images. The biodistribution data demonstrated rapid uptake and clearance of this compound in the normal brain of wild-type mice.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kulkarni, Padmakar.
Subjects/Keywords: Alzheimer Disease; Hydroxyquinolines; Positron-Emission Tomography
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APA (6th Edition):
Alhasan, M. (2012). Evaluation of F-18 Labeled Hydroxy Quinoline Derivative as a Potential PET Imaging Agent for Early Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease. (Thesis). University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152.5/1014
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Alhasan, Mustafa. “Evaluation of F-18 Labeled Hydroxy Quinoline Derivative as a Potential PET Imaging Agent for Early Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease.” 2012. Thesis, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. Accessed January 15, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2152.5/1014.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Alhasan, Mustafa. “Evaluation of F-18 Labeled Hydroxy Quinoline Derivative as a Potential PET Imaging Agent for Early Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease.” 2012. Web. 15 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Alhasan M. Evaluation of F-18 Labeled Hydroxy Quinoline Derivative as a Potential PET Imaging Agent for Early Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 15].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152.5/1014.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Alhasan M. Evaluation of F-18 Labeled Hydroxy Quinoline Derivative as a Potential PET Imaging Agent for Early Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease. [Thesis]. University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152.5/1014
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Univerzitet u Beogradu
7.
Antić, Vojislav M., 1973-.
Uticaj izbora scintilacionog kristala na odziv detektora
kod pet uređaja.
Degree: Elektrotehnički fakultet, 2016, Univerzitet u Beogradu
URL: https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:11790/bdef:Content/get
► Elektrotehnika - Nuklearna tehnika, elektrotehnički materijali / Electrical Engineering - Nuclear engineering, materials in electrical engineering
Pozitronska emisiona tomografija (PET) je tehnologija koja pruža jedinstvene…
(more)
▼ Elektrotehnika - Nuklearna tehnika, elektrotehnički
materijali / Electrical Engineering - Nuclear engineering,
materials in electrical engineering
Pozitronska emisiona tomografija (PET) je
tehnologija koja pruža jedinstvene i izuzetne mogućnosti u
funkcionalnoj dijagnostici u smislu da se pomoću do sada
najefikasnije i najpouzdanije metode dolazi do informacije o
biohemijskoj aktivnosti i ćelijskom metabolizmu u telu,
određivanjem tačne lokalizacije i vršenjem semikvantitativne
procene distribucije radioaktivne supstance. U ovom radu porede se
karakteristike nedavno uvedenih kristala na bazi lutecijuma (LYSO)
sa karakteristikama konvencionalnih bizmut-orto-germanat (BGO)
scintilatora. Ispitane su sledeće scintilacione karakteristike PET
kristala: osetljivost, energetska rezolucija, svetlosni prinos,
svojstvena energetska rezolucija, atenuacija γ zraka kroz
scintilacione kristale, radijaciona dužina, Molijerov radijus,
vreme gašenja svetlosnog impulsa u scintilacionom kristalu, vreme
preleta (TOF eng. „Time of Flight“) i refrakcioni indeks. Razmatran
je uticaj fizičko-hemijskih i električnih osobina scintilatora na
odziv detektora, uparenost svih parametara PET scintilatora,
dimenzionisanje detektorskih kristala, „organizacija“ u PET blok
detektore i povezivanje sa PET fotomultiplikatorima, sve u cilju
dobijanja što kvalitetnije PET medicinske slike.
Advisors/Committee Members: Stanković, Koviljka.
Subjects/Keywords: positron emission tomography; scintillation crystal;
detector response
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APA (6th Edition):
Antić, Vojislav M., 1. (2016). Uticaj izbora scintilacionog kristala na odziv detektora
kod pet uređaja. (Thesis). Univerzitet u Beogradu. Retrieved from https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:11790/bdef:Content/get
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Antić, Vojislav M., 1973-. “Uticaj izbora scintilacionog kristala na odziv detektora
kod pet uređaja.” 2016. Thesis, Univerzitet u Beogradu. Accessed January 15, 2021.
https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:11790/bdef:Content/get.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Antić, Vojislav M., 1973-. “Uticaj izbora scintilacionog kristala na odziv detektora
kod pet uređaja.” 2016. Web. 15 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Antić, Vojislav M. 1. Uticaj izbora scintilacionog kristala na odziv detektora
kod pet uređaja. [Internet] [Thesis]. Univerzitet u Beogradu; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 15].
Available from: https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:11790/bdef:Content/get.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Antić, Vojislav M. 1. Uticaj izbora scintilacionog kristala na odziv detektora
kod pet uređaja. [Thesis]. Univerzitet u Beogradu; 2016. Available from: https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:11790/bdef:Content/get
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Oxford
8.
Li, Lei.
Novel radiochemistry for ¹⁸F labelled aromatics.
Degree: PhD, 2011, University of Oxford
URL: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:000fd696-e283-4233-8646-f6f17833c826
;
http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558446
► Positron emission tomography (PET) employs short half-life positron emitting isotopes, typically 18F, for in vivo measurement of physiological processes. Easy access to structurally diverse radiolabelled…
(more)
▼ Positron emission tomography (PET) employs short half-life positron emitting isotopes, typically 18F, for in vivo measurement of physiological processes. Easy access to structurally diverse radiolabelled probes would accelerate the rapid progress of PET imaging but, to date, radiochemistry is still limited by cost and efficiency. Nucleophilic fluorination with 18F-fluoride is the preferred “non-carrier-added” methodology in the synthesis of 18F-labelled pharmaceuticals because it leads to radiotracers with a high specific activity, a key feature allowing for investigations to be performed in sub-toxic doses. Chapter 1 serves as an introduction on radiochemistry, especially focussing on current radiosynthetic methods for the synthesis of 18F-labelled aromatics. Aromatic compounds without electron-withdrawing groups are notoriously difficult to label with 18F-fluoride. In this thesis, we present two novel methodologies to deliver 18F-labelled aromatic compounds from nucleophilic 18F-fluoride. Chapter 2 details the experimental efforts towards “Convergent Radiosynthesis” (Scheme 1). We proposed a convergent synthetic tactic that allows for simultaneous reaction between three or more substrates, including an 18F-labelled building block. This chemistry has been validated by the radiosynthesis of various structural scaffolds which are not responsive to direct nucleophilic fluorination. Chapter 3 presents our research into “Oxidative Nucleophilic 18F-Fluorination” (Scheme 2). We proposed that electron-rich aromatics, such as phenols, which are not responsive to nucleophilic fluorination may undergo umpolung reactivity under oxidative conditions. This “umpolung strategy” allows for the direct transformation from 18F-fluoride to 4-[18F]fluorophenol. Potentially, this established oxidative fluorination strategy could be adapted to the radiosynthesis of radiotracers containing a 4-fluorophenol sub-motif, such as 6-fluoro-meta-tyrosine. An appropriate precursor has been validated for the prospective radiosynthesis of 6-[18F]fluoro-meta-tyrosine.
Subjects/Keywords: 616.07575; Organic chemistry; radiochemistry; positron emission tomography
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APA (6th Edition):
Li, L. (2011). Novel radiochemistry for ¹⁸F labelled aromatics. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oxford. Retrieved from http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:000fd696-e283-4233-8646-f6f17833c826 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558446
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Li, Lei. “Novel radiochemistry for ¹⁸F labelled aromatics.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oxford. Accessed January 15, 2021.
http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:000fd696-e283-4233-8646-f6f17833c826 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558446.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Li, Lei. “Novel radiochemistry for ¹⁸F labelled aromatics.” 2011. Web. 15 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Li L. Novel radiochemistry for ¹⁸F labelled aromatics. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 15].
Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:000fd696-e283-4233-8646-f6f17833c826 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558446.
Council of Science Editors:
Li L. Novel radiochemistry for ¹⁸F labelled aromatics. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2011. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:000fd696-e283-4233-8646-f6f17833c826 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558446
9.
Holmes, Sophie.
Neuroinflammation in Major Depressive Disorder and schizophrenia : a PET study.
Degree: PhD, 2016, University of Manchester
URL: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/neuroinflammation-in-major-depressive-disorder-and-schizophrenia-a-pet-study(d47b0905-a16c-46d7-b383-44491c9fa371).html
;
http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.713555
► Background: Mounting evidence suggests that inflammation is involved in the pathophysiology of both Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia. The presence of inflammation in the…
(more)
▼ Background: Mounting evidence suggests that inflammation is involved in the pathophysiology of both Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia. The presence of inflammation in the brain, however, is less clear. Microglial activation, a measure of neuroinflammation, can be quantified using PET ligands that bind to the Translocator Protein (TSPO) which is overexpressed by activated microglia. Previous PET studies using TSPO radioligands have shown some evidence for neuroinflammation in both MDD and schizophrenia. However some of these studies have been confounded by antidepressant/antipsychotic medication, low numbers and mild severity. We aimed to address some of these issues and investigate the relationship between neuroinflammation and peripheral inflammation, medication status, symptom severity and cognitive function. Method: Fourteen patients in a Major Depressive Episode (MDE) of at least moderate severity, sixteen patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia of at least moderate severity and a total of eighteen age and gender-matched healthy volunteers underwent a 60 minute dynamic PET scan with the TSPO radioligand [11C](R)-PK11195 on the High Resolution Research Tomograph (HRRT). Parametric maps of binding potential (BPND) were generated using the simplified reference tissue model and a grey matter cerebellum input function. All of the MDD patients were antidepressant-free for at least eight months prior to scanning. Of the sixteen schizophrenia patients, eight were antipsychotic-free (for at least twelve months) and eight were on a long-acting injection of risperidone or paliperidone. All patients and healthy volunteers were medically healthy and had drug or alcohol abuse within the previous year. Results: We found a 26% mean increase in BPND values, indicative of microglial activation, in MDD patients compared to healthy volunteers. Exploratory analysis revealed significantly higher [11C](R)-PK11195 binding in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). We found no significant correlations between [11C](R)-PK11195 binding and peripheral markers of inflammation or with symptom severity. We also found a mean 27% increase in BPND values in the schizophrenia patients compared to healthy volunteers. There were significant correlations between [11C](R)-PK11195 and negative symptoms across multiple brain regions. When breaking the cohort down according to medication status, there was no difference between antipsychotic-free patients and healthy volunteers. However, mean BPND values were 30% higher in the ACC. The medicated patients exhibited higher BPND values than healthy volunteers, with a mean increase of 48%. Exploratory t-tests revealed significant increases in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and ACC.Conclusions: Our findings are largely consistent with previous PET findings of increased microglial activation in a sample of antidepressant-free patients in a moderate-to-severe MDE, suggesting that neuroinflammation is present in MDD. We also investigated neuroinflammation in antipsychotic-free patients for the…
Subjects/Keywords: 616.85; Inflammation; Depression; Schizophrenia; Positron Emission Tomography
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APA (6th Edition):
Holmes, S. (2016). Neuroinflammation in Major Depressive Disorder and schizophrenia : a PET study. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/neuroinflammation-in-major-depressive-disorder-and-schizophrenia-a-pet-study(d47b0905-a16c-46d7-b383-44491c9fa371).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.713555
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Holmes, Sophie. “Neuroinflammation in Major Depressive Disorder and schizophrenia : a PET study.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed January 15, 2021.
https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/neuroinflammation-in-major-depressive-disorder-and-schizophrenia-a-pet-study(d47b0905-a16c-46d7-b383-44491c9fa371).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.713555.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Holmes, Sophie. “Neuroinflammation in Major Depressive Disorder and schizophrenia : a PET study.” 2016. Web. 15 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Holmes S. Neuroinflammation in Major Depressive Disorder and schizophrenia : a PET study. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 15].
Available from: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/neuroinflammation-in-major-depressive-disorder-and-schizophrenia-a-pet-study(d47b0905-a16c-46d7-b383-44491c9fa371).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.713555.
Council of Science Editors:
Holmes S. Neuroinflammation in Major Depressive Disorder and schizophrenia : a PET study. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2016. Available from: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/neuroinflammation-in-major-depressive-disorder-and-schizophrenia-a-pet-study(d47b0905-a16c-46d7-b383-44491c9fa371).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.713555
Delft University of Technology
10.
Ghesquière-Diérickx, Laura (author).
Improvement of tumour heterogeneity quantification in PET images: A study to design and develop a new PET heterogeneous phantom.
Degree: 2017, Delft University of Technology
URL: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0183c922-76a4-4507-96dd-38362e27da0a
► In medical images intratumour heterogeneity well translates specific cancer cells properties in a fast and non-invasive way. Medical community and researchers have developed proper tools…
(more)
▼ In medical images intratumour heterogeneity well translates specific cancer cells properties in a fast and non-invasive way. Medical community and researchers have developed proper tools (texture features, shape features…) permitting the quantification and the analysis of this tumour heterogeneity in particular in PET images. Yet so far, both doctors and researchers have mainly focused on the use of those tools before assessing their relevance and robustness. In this study, a new heterogeneous PET phantom allowing an extensive understanding of the key concept of heterogeneity quantification in PET images is designed and partially developed. This phantom aims at representing a complex enough environment mimicking clinical conditions to properly challenge PET heterogeneity data extraction and quantification methods further than commercial phantom already do. This study focuses, first, on defining sound specifications, design methodology and manufacturing method for this new object. Second, the study focuses on designing and developing the defined solution. Third, a proof-of-concept analysis is conducted within the study to test and validate the developed PET phantom prototype. It can be concluded that the produced PET phantom was successfully designed and developed and can be used by other operators; yet, there is still room for improvement. Finally, besides developing a novel PET phantom, this study yields recommendations to improve the work done toward a more handy, flexible and realistic tool.
Biomedical Engineering
Advisors/Committee Members: Schaart, Dennis (mentor), Grootjans, Willem (mentor), Lathouwers, Danny (graduation committee), Zadpoor, Amir (graduation committee), Delft University of Technology (degree granting institution).
Subjects/Keywords: pet; phantom; heterogeneity; Positron emission tomography
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APA (6th Edition):
Ghesquière-Diérickx, L. (. (2017). Improvement of tumour heterogeneity quantification in PET images: A study to design and develop a new PET heterogeneous phantom. (Masters Thesis). Delft University of Technology. Retrieved from http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0183c922-76a4-4507-96dd-38362e27da0a
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ghesquière-Diérickx, Laura (author). “Improvement of tumour heterogeneity quantification in PET images: A study to design and develop a new PET heterogeneous phantom.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Delft University of Technology. Accessed January 15, 2021.
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0183c922-76a4-4507-96dd-38362e27da0a.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ghesquière-Diérickx, Laura (author). “Improvement of tumour heterogeneity quantification in PET images: A study to design and develop a new PET heterogeneous phantom.” 2017. Web. 15 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Ghesquière-Diérickx L(. Improvement of tumour heterogeneity quantification in PET images: A study to design and develop a new PET heterogeneous phantom. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 15].
Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0183c922-76a4-4507-96dd-38362e27da0a.
Council of Science Editors:
Ghesquière-Diérickx L(. Improvement of tumour heterogeneity quantification in PET images: A study to design and develop a new PET heterogeneous phantom. [Masters Thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2017. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0183c922-76a4-4507-96dd-38362e27da0a
University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
11.
Li, Mohan.
Design study of an organ-dedicated positron emission tomography system.
Degree: PhD, Nuclear, Plasma, Radiolgc Engr, 2020, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/107912
► Whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) has been widely used for cancer diagnosis and treatment, but its low spatial resolution limits the management of cancers in…
(more)
▼ Whole-body
positron emission tomography (PET) has been widely used for cancer diagnosis and treatment, but its low spatial resolution limits the management of cancers in specific organs or regions. To promote the pre-clinical and clinical research and improve the diagnosis accuracy and treatment out- comes, organ-dedicated PET systems, such as brain-dedicated scanners, or breast-dedicated scanners, have been proposed and built.
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is collectively a group of cancers that usu- ally begin in mucosal surfaces inside the head and neck. Due to the complex anatomical structure and vital physiological role of the tumor-involved regions, the goal of HNC treatment is not only to improve survival outcomes but also to preserve organ function. A higher spatial resolution HNC imaging will allow radiation oncologists to accurately measure the boundaries of tumors, design the planned target volume dose, and thus offer more freedom to choose from treatment options such as surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy.
To achieve better management of HNC, this thesis proposes an organ- dedicated PET scanner with a focus on HNC. Based on the features of previous published whole-body systems and organ-dedicated systems, the HNC system is designed to have a two-panel geometry and a follow-on scan protocol. System performance including photon sensitivity, noise equivalent count (NEC) rate, spatial resolution, and hot rod visualization are evaluated through Monte Carlo simulation. The results show that superior performance is achieved when compared with a whole-body system. Specifically, the sensitivity is 0.71%. Given a 2-mm depth of interaction (DOI) resolution, the system can achieve a 1-mm in-panel and 2-mm orthogonal-panel spatial resolution. The NEC rate is 10.4 kcps at 5.7 kBq/cm3, and 2-mm diameter hot rod is visualizable.
Based on the simulation result, a high-resolution dual-ended readout PET detector is designed. The crystal is lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO), and the crystal size is 1×1×20 mm3. The detector is silicon photomultiplier (SiPM), and the SiPM channel size is 3×3 mm2. A light guide is inserted between the LYSO and the SiPM for crystal identification, and the optimal light guide thickness is evaluated as 1.2 mm. The detector is cooled by a Peltier element, and the detector performance is characterized at 10 depths. The results show that all crystal can be resolved, and the energy, timing, and DOI resolution are measured as 15.66% at 511 keV , 602.98 ps, and 2.33 mm respectively. To optimized the detector geometry, two dual readout cables are further designed to put the readout electronics on the same side of the LYSO. The energy, timing, and DOI resolution of the optimized detector is measured as 16.13% at 511 keV , 658.03 ps, and 2.62 mm respectively. When comparing with previously published high-resolution dual-ended read- out PET detectors, our results show good energy and DOI resolution, and the best timing resolution.
The optimized detector is further scaled-up…
Advisors/Committee Members: Abbaszadeh, Shiva (advisor), Uddin, Rizwan (Committee Chair), Meng, Lingjian (committee member), Perdekamp, Matthias Grosse (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Head and neck cancers; Positron emission tomography
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Li, M. (2020). Design study of an organ-dedicated positron emission tomography system. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/107912
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Li, Mohan. “Design study of an organ-dedicated positron emission tomography system.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed January 15, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/107912.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Li, Mohan. “Design study of an organ-dedicated positron emission tomography system.” 2020. Web. 15 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Li M. Design study of an organ-dedicated positron emission tomography system. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 15].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/107912.
Council of Science Editors:
Li M. Design study of an organ-dedicated positron emission tomography system. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/107912
University of St. Andrews
12.
Thompson, Stephen.
Exploring the substrate scope of the fluorinase from Streptomyces cattleya for applications to positron emission tomography
.
Degree: 2015, University of St. Andrews
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7805
► The fluorinase enzyme, originally isolated from Streptomyces cattleya, has the unique ability to generate a C–F bond from aqueous fluoride ion and S-adenosylmethionine, making the…
(more)
▼ The fluorinase enzyme, originally isolated from Streptomyces cattleya, has the unique ability to generate a C–F bond from aqueous fluoride ion and S-adenosylmethionine, making the fluorinase an attractive biochemical tool for radiolabelling biomolecules with fluorine-18 for application to
positron emission tomography (PET). The inherent substrate specificity of the enzyme is, however, limiting, as only small modifications to the natural nucleoside substrate were known to be tolerated. This thesis describes an exploration and expansion of the substrate scope of the fluorinase enzyme, and its application to radiolabelling biomolecules for PET.
The design and synthesis of a novel acetylene bearing substrate for the fluorinase, 5'-chloro-5'-deoxy-2-ethynyladenosine (ClDEA) is described. ClDEA proved an excellent substrate for the fluorinase, and the kinetics of the transformation and binding affinities of the new substrate and product were investigated. The fluorinated acetylenic product was demonstrated to undergo a copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction with an azide bearing RGD peptide, and this methodology was investigated for the synthesis of a novel fluorine-18-bearing prosthetic group for the synthesis of a radiolabelled RGD peptide, which was assessed in vivo in a rat.
After the demonstration that the fluorinase can be used for “last step” radiolabelling of bioactive peptides, the synthesis of dimeric and tetrameric RGD-bearing substrates for the fluorinase was investigated. These large constructs underwent efficient enzymatic fluorination, and the fluorinated products showed increased binding affinity to their targets, compared to monomeric analogues. The challenges encountered during radiolabelling of these multimers with fluorine-18 using the fluorinase are discussed.
A difluoromethyl-bearing nucleoside substrate (F₂DA) was synthesised as a potential substrate in the reverse direction for the fluorinase, to further probe the substrate specificity if the fluorinase. Upon incubation with the enzyme, F₂DA did not appear to undergo reaction, despite the demonstration that F₂DA binds to the enzyme.
Finally, the optimisation of a fluorinase-based protocol for the synthesis of the PET radiotracer [¹⁸F]fluoroacetate is described. The enzymatic method proved unsuitable for a small animal study due to contamination of the final product, and a chemical method was investigated and optimised as an alternative approach. [¹⁸F]Fluoroacetate synthesised using the developed chemical method was employed in an in vivo evaluation of acetyl CoA synthetase (ACSS2) activity in healthy and tumour-bearing mouse models, in an study to assess the activity of ACSS2 in breast and colon cancer models in mice.
Advisors/Committee Members: O'Hagan, David (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Positron emission tomography;
Fluorinase;
Radiolabelling;
Substrate scope
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APA (6th Edition):
Thompson, S. (2015). Exploring the substrate scope of the fluorinase from Streptomyces cattleya for applications to positron emission tomography
. (Thesis). University of St. Andrews. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7805
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Thompson, Stephen. “Exploring the substrate scope of the fluorinase from Streptomyces cattleya for applications to positron emission tomography
.” 2015. Thesis, University of St. Andrews. Accessed January 15, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7805.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Thompson, Stephen. “Exploring the substrate scope of the fluorinase from Streptomyces cattleya for applications to positron emission tomography
.” 2015. Web. 15 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Thompson S. Exploring the substrate scope of the fluorinase from Streptomyces cattleya for applications to positron emission tomography
. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of St. Andrews; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 15].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7805.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Thompson S. Exploring the substrate scope of the fluorinase from Streptomyces cattleya for applications to positron emission tomography
. [Thesis]. University of St. Andrews; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7805
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Aberdeen
13.
Musolino, Manuele.
Development and use of [18F]FDR as a new powerful radiolabelling agent for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of hypoxia.
Degree: PhD, 2016, University of Aberdeen
URL: https://eu03.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/delivery/44ABE_INST/12152418560005941
;
https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.720581
► In recent years tumour hypoxia has been extensively investigated, mainly because it is a source of resistance to the common radio and chemo therapies. In…
(more)
▼ In recent years tumour hypoxia has been extensively investigated, mainly because it is a source of resistance to the common radio and chemo therapies. In fact, the low levels and heterogeneous distribution of oxygen in hypoxic microenvironment render ionizing radiation ineffective in treating cell proliferation. Furthermore, a low oxygen concentration promotes the activation of HIF-1 transcription factor, which favours the development of a more malignant and resistant cancer cell phenotype often associated with poor prognosis. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging is a valuable diagnostic tool for investigating hypoxia in vivo by means of radiotracers, which incorporates both a radioisotope and a hypoxia-sensitive function. The aim of this multidisciplinary project was to develop small libraries of radiolabelled compounds starting from the biological and chemical features of the two gold standard hypoxia PET tracers [18F]FMISO and [18F]FAZA as well as those of the promising new tracer [18F]HX4. These new radiocompounds display the following peculiar structural characteristics: a 2-nitroimidazole hypoxia-sensitive moiety, different spacers to modulate steric constraint, lipophilicity and metabolic stability and a fluorinated aldopentose sugar as prosthetic group (e.g. [18F]FDR). Two series of compounds were designed and developed based on the conjugation method used to introduce the prosthetic group, namely the oxime bond formation and the thiazolidine ring closure. Six radiotracers belonging to the oxime-derivatives series were tested in vitro on MCF7 breast cancer cell lines in hypoxic conditions and a lead radiocompound incorporating a cyclopropyl group was identified. This new hypoxia tracer showed a better kinetic profile than both [18F]FMISO and [18F]FAZA in MCF7 cancer cell lines and comparable uptake values on a panel of different cancer cell lines, up to 120 min post administration at 1% of O2. These promising results will pave the way for futures in vivo studies.
Subjects/Keywords: 616.2; Anoxemia; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radioactive tracers
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APA (6th Edition):
Musolino, M. (2016). Development and use of [18F]FDR as a new powerful radiolabelling agent for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of hypoxia. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Aberdeen. Retrieved from https://eu03.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/delivery/44ABE_INST/12152418560005941 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.720581
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Musolino, Manuele. “Development and use of [18F]FDR as a new powerful radiolabelling agent for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of hypoxia.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Aberdeen. Accessed January 15, 2021.
https://eu03.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/delivery/44ABE_INST/12152418560005941 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.720581.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Musolino, Manuele. “Development and use of [18F]FDR as a new powerful radiolabelling agent for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of hypoxia.” 2016. Web. 15 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Musolino M. Development and use of [18F]FDR as a new powerful radiolabelling agent for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of hypoxia. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Aberdeen; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 15].
Available from: https://eu03.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/delivery/44ABE_INST/12152418560005941 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.720581.
Council of Science Editors:
Musolino M. Development and use of [18F]FDR as a new powerful radiolabelling agent for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of hypoxia. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Aberdeen; 2016. Available from: https://eu03.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/delivery/44ABE_INST/12152418560005941 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.720581
University of Arizona
14.
Park, Ryeojin.
Novel Applications Using Maximum-Likelihood Estimation in Optical Metrology and Nuclear Medical Imaging: Point-Diffraction Interferometry and BazookaPET
.
Degree: 2014, University of Arizona
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/318827
► This dissertation aims to investigate two different applications in optics using maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation. The first application of ML estimation is used in optical metrology.…
(more)
▼ This dissertation aims to investigate two different applications in optics using maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation. The first application of ML estimation is used in optical metrology. For this application, an innovative iterative search method called the synthetic phase-shifting (SPS) algorithm is proposed. This search algorithm is used for estimation of a wavefront that is described by a finite set of Zernike Fringe (ZF) polynomials. In this work, we estimate the ZF coefficient, or parameter values of the wavefront using a single interferogram obtained from a point-diffraction interferometer (PDI). In order to find the estimates, we first calculate the squared-difference between the measured and simulated interferograms. Under certain assumptions, this squared-difference image can be treated as an interferogram showing the phase difference between the true wavefront deviation and simulated wavefront deviation. The wavefront deviation is defined as the difference between the reference and the test wavefronts. We calculate the phase difference using a traditional phase-shifting technique without physical phase-shifters. We present a detailed forward model for the PDI interferogram, including the effect of the nite size of a detector pixel. The algorithm was validated with computational studies and its performance and constraints are discussed. A prototype PDI was built and the algorithm was also experimentally validated. A large wavefront deviation was successfully estimated without using null optics or physical phase-shifters. The experimental result shows that the proposed algorithm has great potential to provide an accurate tool for non-null testing. The second application of ML estimation is used in nuclear medical imaging. A high-resolution
positron tomography scanner called BazookaPET is proposed. We have designed and developed a novel proof-of-concept detector element for a PET system called BazookaPET. In order to complete the PET configuration, at least two detector elements are required to detect
positron-electron annihilation events. Each detector element of the BazookaPET has two independent data-acquisition channels. One of the detector channels is a 4 x 4 silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) array referred to as the SiPM-side. The SiPM-side is directly coupled to an optical window of the scintillator with optical grease. The other channel is a CCD-based gamma camera with an imaging intensifier called the Bazooka-side. Instead of coupling by direct contact like the SiPM-side, an F/1.4 lens pair is used for optical coupling. The scintillation light from the opposite optical window to the SiPM-side is imaged by the F/1.4 lens to the Bazooka-side. Using these two separate channels, we can potentially obtain high energy, temporal and spatial resolution data by associating the data outputs via several ML estimation steps. We present the concept of the system and the prototype detector element. In this work, we focus on characterizing individual detector channels, and initial experimental calibration results are…
Advisors/Committee Members: Barrett, Harrison H (advisor), Barrett, Harrison H. (committeemember), Furenlid, Lars R. (committeemember), Clarkson, Eric (committeemember).
Subjects/Keywords: Positron emission tomography;
Optical Sciences;
Optical testing
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Park, R. (2014). Novel Applications Using Maximum-Likelihood Estimation in Optical Metrology and Nuclear Medical Imaging: Point-Diffraction Interferometry and BazookaPET
. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/318827
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Park, Ryeojin. “Novel Applications Using Maximum-Likelihood Estimation in Optical Metrology and Nuclear Medical Imaging: Point-Diffraction Interferometry and BazookaPET
.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed January 15, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/318827.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Park, Ryeojin. “Novel Applications Using Maximum-Likelihood Estimation in Optical Metrology and Nuclear Medical Imaging: Point-Diffraction Interferometry and BazookaPET
.” 2014. Web. 15 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Park R. Novel Applications Using Maximum-Likelihood Estimation in Optical Metrology and Nuclear Medical Imaging: Point-Diffraction Interferometry and BazookaPET
. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 15].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/318827.
Council of Science Editors:
Park R. Novel Applications Using Maximum-Likelihood Estimation in Optical Metrology and Nuclear Medical Imaging: Point-Diffraction Interferometry and BazookaPET
. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/318827
McGill University
15.
Lu, Erlian.
Radiation Dosimetry Computations for the Planning of Positron Emission Tomography Procedures.
Degree: MS, Department of Medical Physics Unit, 1995, McGill University
URL: https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/downloads/dz010s42r.pdf
;
https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/d504rn55m
► La présente thèse traite de la dosimétrie et des risques dûs à la radiation relies à l'administration de radiations ionisantes a des sujets humains. Un…
(more)
▼ La présente thèse traite de la dosimétrie et des risques dûs à la radiation relies à l'administration de radiations ionisantes a des sujets humains. Un programme d'ordinateur base sur le logiciel MIRDOSE2 qui utilise les plus récentes données MIRD concernant les fractions spécifiques d'absorption, les temps résidentiels des composes radiopharmaceutiques et des fantômes humains a été développe afin de calculer la dose de radiation absorbée par les différents organes du corps pour 59 radionucléides (130 composes radiopharmaceutiques) utilises en imagerie médicale, tout particulièrement en tomographie par émission de positons (TEP). Ce programme facilite la conception de protocoles d'imagerie efficaces impliquant l'admini- stration d'un ou de plusieurs composes radiopharmaceutiques en calculant les doses maximales qui peuvent être administrées à un sujet en accord avec des limites de dosimétrie telles que celles recommandées clans les documents ICRP 26, ICRP 60 et BEIR 3. […]
This thesis deals with radiation dosimetry and radiation risk issues related to the administration of ionizing radiation to human volunteers. A computer program based on MIRDOSE2, using recent MIRD data regarding specific absorbed fractions, radiopharmaceutical residence times and human phantoms, was designed to calculate radiation absorbed doses to organs of the body for 59 radionuclides (130 radiopharmaceuticals) commonly used in medical imaging with particular consideration of positron emission tomography (PET). The program assists in the design of efficient scanning protocols involving administration of a single radiopharmaceutical, or a sequence of several labeled compounds, by providing information on the maximum permissible doses that may be administered in compliance with a selected radiation risk criterion such as recommended in ICRP 26, ICRP 60 and BEIR 3. […]
Advisors/Committee Members: Meyer, Ernst (Supervisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Positron Emission Tomography
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APA (6th Edition):
Lu, E. (1995). Radiation Dosimetry Computations for the Planning of Positron Emission Tomography Procedures. (Masters Thesis). McGill University. Retrieved from https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/downloads/dz010s42r.pdf ; https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/d504rn55m
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lu, Erlian. “Radiation Dosimetry Computations for the Planning of Positron Emission Tomography Procedures.” 1995. Masters Thesis, McGill University. Accessed January 15, 2021.
https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/downloads/dz010s42r.pdf ; https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/d504rn55m.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lu, Erlian. “Radiation Dosimetry Computations for the Planning of Positron Emission Tomography Procedures.” 1995. Web. 15 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Lu E. Radiation Dosimetry Computations for the Planning of Positron Emission Tomography Procedures. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. McGill University; 1995. [cited 2021 Jan 15].
Available from: https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/downloads/dz010s42r.pdf ; https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/d504rn55m.
Council of Science Editors:
Lu E. Radiation Dosimetry Computations for the Planning of Positron Emission Tomography Procedures. [Masters Thesis]. McGill University; 1995. Available from: https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/downloads/dz010s42r.pdf ; https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/d504rn55m
University of Manchester
16.
Holmes, Sophie.
Neuroinflammation in Major Depressive Disorder and
Schizophrenia: a PET study.
Degree: 2015, University of Manchester
URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:281435
► Background: Mounting evidence suggests that inflammation is involved in the pathophysiology of both Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia. The presence of inflammation in the…
(more)
▼ Background: Mounting evidence suggests that
inflammation is involved in the pathophysiology of both Major
Depressive Disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia. The presence of
inflammation in the brain, however, is less clear. Microglial
activation, a measure of neuroinflammation, can be quantified using
PET ligands that bind to the Translocator Protein (TSPO) which is
overexpressed by activated microglia. Previous PET studies using
TSPO radioligands have shown some evidence for neuroinflammation in
both MDD and schizophrenia. However some of these studies have been
confounded by antidepressant/antipsychotic medication, low numbers
and mild severity. We aimed to address some of these issues and
investigate the relationship between neuroinflammation and
peripheral inflammation, medication status, symptom severity and
cognitive function.Method: Fourteen patients in a Major Depressive
Episode (MDE) of at least moderate severity, sixteen patients with
a diagnosis of schizophrenia of at least moderate severity and a
total of eighteen age and gender-matched healthy volunteers
underwent a 60 minute dynamic PET scan with the TSPO radioligand
[11C](R)-PK11195 on the High Resolution Research Tomograph (HRRT).
Parametric maps of binding potential (BPND) were generated using
the simplified reference tissue model and a grey matter cerebellum
input function. All of the MDD patients were antidepressant-free
for at least eight months prior to scanning. Of the sixteen
schizophrenia patients, eight were antipsychotic-free (for at least
twelve months) and eight were on a long-acting injection of
risperidone or paliperidone. All patients and healthy volunteers
were medically healthy and had drug or alcohol abuse within the
previous year. Results: We found a 26% mean increase in BPND
values, indicative of microglial activation, in MDD patients
compared to healthy volunteers. Exploratory analysis revealed
significantly higher [11C](R)-PK11195 binding in the anterior
cingulate cortex (ACC). We found no significant correlations
between [11C](R)-PK11195 binding and peripheral markers of
inflammation or with symptom severity. We also found a mean 27%
increase in BPND values in the schizophrenia patients compared to
healthy volunteers. There were significant correlations between
[11C](R)-PK11195 and negative symptoms across multiple brain
regions. When breaking the cohort down according to medication
status, there was no difference between antipsychotic-free patients
and healthy volunteers. However, mean BPND values were 30% higher
in the ACC. The medicated patients exhibited higher BPND values
than healthy volunteers, with a mean increase of 48%. Exploratory
t-tests revealed significant increases in dorsolateral prefrontal
cortex and ACC.Conclusions: Our findings are largely consistent
with previous PET findings of increased microglial activation in a
sample of antidepressant-free patients in a moderate-to-severe MDE,
suggesting that neuroinflammation is present in MDD. We also
investigated neuroinflammation in antipsychotic-free patients for
the…
Advisors/Committee Members: DRAKE, RICHARD RJ, HINZ, RAINER R, Talbot, Peter, Drake, Richard, Hinz, Rainer.
Subjects/Keywords: Depression; Schizophrenia; Inflammation; Positron Emission Tomography
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APA (6th Edition):
Holmes, S. (2015). Neuroinflammation in Major Depressive Disorder and
Schizophrenia: a PET study. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:281435
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Holmes, Sophie. “Neuroinflammation in Major Depressive Disorder and
Schizophrenia: a PET study.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed January 15, 2021.
http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:281435.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Holmes, Sophie. “Neuroinflammation in Major Depressive Disorder and
Schizophrenia: a PET study.” 2015. Web. 15 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Holmes S. Neuroinflammation in Major Depressive Disorder and
Schizophrenia: a PET study. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 15].
Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:281435.
Council of Science Editors:
Holmes S. Neuroinflammation in Major Depressive Disorder and
Schizophrenia: a PET study. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2015. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:281435
University of Tennessee – Knoxville
17.
Wiggins, Cody.
Multiple Particle Positron Emission Particle Tracking and its Application to Flows in Porous Media.
Degree: 2019, University of Tennessee – Knoxville
URL: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/5610
► Positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) is a method for flow interrogation capable of measurement in opaque systems. In this work a novel method for PEPT…
(more)
▼ Positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) is a method for flow interrogation capable of measurement in opaque systems. In this work a novel method for PEPT is introduced that allows for simultaneous tracking of multiple tracers. This method (M-PEPT) is adapted from optical particle tracking techniques and is designed to track an arbitrary number of positron-emitting tracer-particles entering and leaving the field of view of a detector array. M-PEPT is described, and its applicability is demonstrated for a number of measurements ranging from turbulent shear flow interrogation to cell migration. It is found that this method can locate over 80 particles simultaneously with spatial resolution of order 0.2 mm at tracking frequency of 10 Hz and, at lower particle number densities, can achieve similar spatial resolution at tracking frequency 1000 Hz. The method is limited in its ability to resolve particles approaching close to one another, and suggestions for future improvements are made.M-PEPT is used to study flow in porous media constructed from packing of glass beads of different diameters. Anomalous (i.e. non-Fickian) dispersion of tracers is studied in these systems under the continuous time random walk (CTRW) paradigm. Pore-length transition time distributions are measured, and it is found that in all cases, these distributions indicate the presence of long waiting times between transitions, confirming the central assumption of the CTRW model. All systems demonstrate non-Fickian spreading of tracers at early and intermediate times with a late time recovery of Fickian dispersion, but a clear link between transition time distributions and tracer spreading is not made. Velocity increment statistics are examined, and it is found that temporal velocity increments in the mean-flow direction show a universal scaling. Spatial velocity increments also appear to collapse to a similar form, but there is insufficient data to determine the presence of universal scaling.
Subjects/Keywords: Positron Emission Particle Tracking; Positron Emission Tomography; Fluid Dynamics; Porous Media; Particle Tracking
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APA (6th Edition):
Wiggins, C. (2019). Multiple Particle Positron Emission Particle Tracking and its Application to Flows in Porous Media. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Retrieved from https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/5610
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wiggins, Cody. “Multiple Particle Positron Emission Particle Tracking and its Application to Flows in Porous Media.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Accessed January 15, 2021.
https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/5610.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wiggins, Cody. “Multiple Particle Positron Emission Particle Tracking and its Application to Flows in Porous Media.” 2019. Web. 15 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Wiggins C. Multiple Particle Positron Emission Particle Tracking and its Application to Flows in Porous Media. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 15].
Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/5610.
Council of Science Editors:
Wiggins C. Multiple Particle Positron Emission Particle Tracking and its Application to Flows in Porous Media. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2019. Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/5610
University of Sydney
18.
Barnett, Robert.
Improving the Accuracy of CT-derived Attenuation Correction in Respiratory-Gated PET/CT Imaging
.
Degree: 2017, University of Sydney
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17710
► The effect of respiratory motion on attenuation correction in Fludeoxyglucose (18F) positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) was investigated. Improvements to the accuracy of computed tomography (CT)…
(more)
▼ The effect of respiratory motion on attenuation correction in Fludeoxyglucose (18F) positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) was investigated. Improvements to the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) derived attenuation correction were obtained through the alignment of the attenuation map to each emission image in a respiratory gated PET scan. Attenuation misalignment leads to artefacts in the reconstructed PET image and several methods were devised for evaluating the attenuation inaccuracies caused by this. These methods of evaluation were extended to finding the frame in the respiratory gated PET which best matched the CT. This frame was then used as a reference frame in mono-modality compensation for misalignment. Attenuation correction was found to affect the quantification of tumour volumes; thus a regional analysis was used to evaluate the impact of mismatch and the benefits of compensating for misalignment. Deformable image registration was used to compensate for misalignment, however, there were inaccuracies caused by the poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in PET images. Two models were developed that were robust to a poor SNR allowing for the estimation of deformation from very noisy images. Firstly, a cross population model was developed by statistically analysing the respiratory motion in 10 4DCT scans. Secondly, a 1D model of respiration was developed based on the physiological function of respiration. The 1D approach correctly modelled the expansion and contraction of the lungs and the differences in the compressibility of lungs and surrounding tissues. Several additional models were considered but were ruled out based on their poor goodness of fit to 4DCT scans. Approaches to evaluating the developed models were also used to assist with optimising for the most accurate attenuation correction. It was found that the multimodality registration of the CT image to the PET image was the most accurate approach to compensating for attenuation correction mismatch. Mono-modality image registration was found to be the least accurate approach, however, incorporating a motion model improved the accuracy of image registration. The significance of these findings is twofold. Firstly, it was found that motion models are required to improve the accuracy in compensating for attenuation correction mismatch and secondly, a validation method was found for comparing approaches to compensating for attenuation mismatch.
Subjects/Keywords: Positron emission tomography;
Computed tomography;
Respiratory motion;
Attenuation correction
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APA (6th Edition):
Barnett, R. (2017). Improving the Accuracy of CT-derived Attenuation Correction in Respiratory-Gated PET/CT Imaging
. (Thesis). University of Sydney. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17710
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Barnett, Robert. “Improving the Accuracy of CT-derived Attenuation Correction in Respiratory-Gated PET/CT Imaging
.” 2017. Thesis, University of Sydney. Accessed January 15, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17710.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Barnett, Robert. “Improving the Accuracy of CT-derived Attenuation Correction in Respiratory-Gated PET/CT Imaging
.” 2017. Web. 15 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Barnett R. Improving the Accuracy of CT-derived Attenuation Correction in Respiratory-Gated PET/CT Imaging
. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Sydney; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 15].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17710.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Barnett R. Improving the Accuracy of CT-derived Attenuation Correction in Respiratory-Gated PET/CT Imaging
. [Thesis]. University of Sydney; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17710
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Université Paris-Sud – Paris XI
19.
Vandenbussche, Vincent.
Étude et développement d'un imageur TEP ambulatoire pour le suivi thérapeutique individualisé en cancérologie : Study and development of a PET device dedicated to cancer monitoring.
Degree: Docteur es, Physique, 2014, Université Paris-Sud – Paris XI
URL: http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112249
► L'imagerie médicale remonte à la fin du XIXe siècle avec la découverte des rayons X par Röntgen. Depuis, de nombreuses modalités d'imagerie ont été développées,…
(more)
▼ L'imagerie médicale remonte à la fin du XIXe siècle avec la découverte des rayons X par Röntgen. Depuis, de nombreuses modalités d'imagerie ont été développées, et sont aujourd'hui utilisées dans une large gamme d'indications cliniques. L'imagerie TEP (Tomographie par Émission de Positron) est une modalité fonctionnelle, quantitative et ayant une haute sensibilité, ce qui en fait une modalité de choix, notamment en cancérologie. Hélas, sa diffusion est freinée en comparaison avec le scanner ou l'imagerie par résonance magnétique, en raison de son coût notamment. C'est dans ce contexte que s'insère cette thèse, qui a pour objectif de montrer la faisabilité d'un imageur TEP ambulatoire dédié au suivi thérapeutique en cancérologie. À partir de développements instrumentaux originaux (localisation des gammas par division de lumière dans des barreaux scintillateurs, lecture à l'aide de Silicon PhotoMultiplier, géométrie compacte), ces travaux s'efforcent de baisser les coûts tout en restant compétitif en terme de performances. Dans un premier temps, une étude extensive de la division de lumière à travers toute une série de paramètres (longueur des barreaux scintillateurs, revêtement optique, matériau scintillateur, traitement des données) a été menée. Une résolution spatiale inférieure à 5 mm pour un barreau de 75 mm de LYSO emballé dans du teflon a notamment été obtenue. À partir de cette configuration, une première image a été reconstruite, à partir de deux modules en coïncidence, offrant une résolution spatiale de 5 mm pour un tel imageur. Enfin, toute une série de simulations a été menée, à partir des données expérimentales et avec une géométrie originale. En particulier, les performances ont été mesurées à partir du protocole NEMA, un standard permettant de comparer les performances à travers la littérature. Une résolution spatiale intrinsèque de l'ordre de 4 mm a été obtenue, soit meilleure que le marché actuel. La sensibilité de l'ordre de 2.5 cps/kBq est revanche relativement basse par rapport à l'existant, mais s'explique par un champ de vue axial restreint. Enfin, le potentiel en terme de quantification a été adressé, et est comparable au marché actuel.
Medical imaging first began at the end of the XIXth century with the discover of X-rays by Röntgen. Then, numerous imaging modalities have been developed and are used now for a wide range of cases. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) has a high sensitivity, is functional and quantitative, thus being of high interest in cancer monitoring. Nevertheless, PET is not as much spread in hospitals as magnetic resonance imaging and scanner. In this context, this work aims to prove the faisability of PET dedicated for cancer monitoring. Thanks to instrumental developments such as light sharing in scintillating crystals, use of Silicon Photomultipliers, and an original geometry, cost is expected to be reduced while having same performances as commercial devices. An extensive study of light sharing within scintillating barrels has been made, through many parameters (crystal…
Advisors/Committee Members: Charon, Yves (thesis director).
Subjects/Keywords: PET (Positron Emission Tomography); Scintillateur; SiPM; GATE; Monte Carlo; PET (Positron Emission Tomography); Scintillating crystal; SiPM; GATE; Monte Carlo
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APA (6th Edition):
Vandenbussche, V. (2014). Étude et développement d'un imageur TEP ambulatoire pour le suivi thérapeutique individualisé en cancérologie : Study and development of a PET device dedicated to cancer monitoring. (Doctoral Dissertation). Université Paris-Sud – Paris XI. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112249
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Vandenbussche, Vincent. “Étude et développement d'un imageur TEP ambulatoire pour le suivi thérapeutique individualisé en cancérologie : Study and development of a PET device dedicated to cancer monitoring.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Université Paris-Sud – Paris XI. Accessed January 15, 2021.
http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112249.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Vandenbussche, Vincent. “Étude et développement d'un imageur TEP ambulatoire pour le suivi thérapeutique individualisé en cancérologie : Study and development of a PET device dedicated to cancer monitoring.” 2014. Web. 15 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Vandenbussche V. Étude et développement d'un imageur TEP ambulatoire pour le suivi thérapeutique individualisé en cancérologie : Study and development of a PET device dedicated to cancer monitoring. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Université Paris-Sud – Paris XI; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 15].
Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112249.
Council of Science Editors:
Vandenbussche V. Étude et développement d'un imageur TEP ambulatoire pour le suivi thérapeutique individualisé en cancérologie : Study and development of a PET device dedicated to cancer monitoring. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Université Paris-Sud – Paris XI; 2014. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112249
University of Alberta
20.
Chapman, David W.
Utilizing Positron Emission Tomography to Detect Functional
Changes Following Drug Therapy in a Renal Cell Carcinoma Mouse
Model.
Degree: MS, Department of Surgery, 2013, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/1n79h452g
► Sunitinib is currently the first line drug therapy for metastasizing renal cell carcinoma (RCC). It has been shown to have a profound effect on tumor…
(more)
▼ Sunitinib is currently the first line drug therapy for
metastasizing renal cell carcinoma (RCC). It has been shown to have
a profound effect on tumor angiogenesis leading to modifications of
the tumor’s microenvironment. Tumor hypoxia plays an important role
in the metastatic potential of a solid tumor and its resistance to
any chemotherapy. Therefore, monitoring tumor hypoxia could
potentially be used to detect and analyze therapeutic response. The
present study utilized Positron-Emission Tomography (PET) to
determine changes in tumor oxygenation during and following
sunitinib therapy in a mouse RCC tumor model. Uptake of [18F]FAZA
tended to decrease during therapy of sunitinib, indicating a
decrease in the tumor’s hypoxia. However, after stopping drug
therapy in tumor-bearing mice, this effect was reversed and tumor
hypoxia was increased. [18F]FAZA could potentially be used to
monitor drug response of sunitinib therapy for RCC.
Subjects/Keywords: hypoxia; tyrosine kinase inhibitor; renal cell carcinoma; positron emission tomography
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APA (6th Edition):
Chapman, D. W. (2013). Utilizing Positron Emission Tomography to Detect Functional
Changes Following Drug Therapy in a Renal Cell Carcinoma Mouse
Model. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/1n79h452g
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Chapman, David W. “Utilizing Positron Emission Tomography to Detect Functional
Changes Following Drug Therapy in a Renal Cell Carcinoma Mouse
Model.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed January 15, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/1n79h452g.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Chapman, David W. “Utilizing Positron Emission Tomography to Detect Functional
Changes Following Drug Therapy in a Renal Cell Carcinoma Mouse
Model.” 2013. Web. 15 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Chapman DW. Utilizing Positron Emission Tomography to Detect Functional
Changes Following Drug Therapy in a Renal Cell Carcinoma Mouse
Model. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 15].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/1n79h452g.
Council of Science Editors:
Chapman DW. Utilizing Positron Emission Tomography to Detect Functional
Changes Following Drug Therapy in a Renal Cell Carcinoma Mouse
Model. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2013. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/1n79h452g
Universiteit Utrecht
21.
Kanters, I.N.
Can neuroimaging explain the underlying mechanisms of overeating when comparing obese to lean subjects?.
Degree: 2010, Universiteit Utrecht
URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/44788
► Obesity is a condition caused by overeating, to a state were a person’s weight is not proportional to his or her length anymore. The concept…
(more)
▼ Obesity is a condition caused by overeating, to a state
were a person’s weight is not proportional to his or her
length anymore. The concept of overeating is not completely
solved. Many researchers have tried to unravel the underlying
mechanism that causes overeating using
Positron Emission
Tomography (PET) or functional Magnetic Resonance
Imaging (fMRI).
Different research groups have used neuroimaging as a
tool to come up with a piece of the story and they tend to
agree that their answer is only part of the solution. Abnormal
activation of brain areas of an obese person in response
to eating is often in regions that are connected to
emotion, control of behavior and reward. Important areas
are the prefrontal cortex, dorsal insula, hippocampus, limbic/
paralimbic areas, amygdala and a reduced amount of
dopamine D2 receptors in the striatum. The role of hormones
is not taken into account in this paper, but is also
important for understanding overeating.
The real mechanism is complex and more studies have to
be done. Neuroimaging can be used to do further research.
Advisors/Committee Members: Smeets, P.A.M..
Subjects/Keywords: Geneeskunde; neuroimaging; obesity; positron emission
tomography (PET); fMRI; satiation
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APA (6th Edition):
Kanters, I. N. (2010). Can neuroimaging explain the underlying mechanisms of overeating when comparing obese to lean subjects?. (Masters Thesis). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/44788
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kanters, I N. “Can neuroimaging explain the underlying mechanisms of overeating when comparing obese to lean subjects?.” 2010. Masters Thesis, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed January 15, 2021.
http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/44788.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kanters, I N. “Can neuroimaging explain the underlying mechanisms of overeating when comparing obese to lean subjects?.” 2010. Web. 15 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Kanters IN. Can neuroimaging explain the underlying mechanisms of overeating when comparing obese to lean subjects?. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 15].
Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/44788.
Council of Science Editors:
Kanters IN. Can neuroimaging explain the underlying mechanisms of overeating when comparing obese to lean subjects?. [Masters Thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2010. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/44788
Universiteit Utrecht
22.
Blomberg, B.A.
Positron Emission Tomography of Atherosclerosis.
Degree: 2015, Universiteit Utrecht
URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/321903
► Functional imaging techniques, aimed at visualizing and quantifying key pathophysiological mechanisms of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, have gained interest as potent markers of risk for adverse…
(more)
▼ Functional imaging techniques, aimed at visualizing and quantifying key pathophysiological mechanisms of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, have gained interest as potent markers of risk for adverse cardiovascular events. The key pathophysiological mechanisms of atherosclerosis include arterial inflammation and vascular calcification, which can be evaluated by 18FDG PET/CT and Na18F PET/CT imaging, respectively. By studying a population of 139 subjects at low cardiovascular disease risk, this dissertation determined that vascular calcification, as assessed by Na18F PET/CT imaging, is associated with an elevated risk for adverse cardiovascular events, while arterial inflammation, as assessed by 18FDG PET/ CT imaging, is not associated with an elevated risk for adverse cardiovascular events. The former observation is in line with the current literature and the hypothesis that the degree of arterial Na18F uptake reflects atherosclerosis severity, while the latter observation challenges the current literature and the hypothesis that arterial 18FDG uptake reflects atherosclerosis severity. For the purpose of cardiovascular risk evaluation, this dissertation supports a role for arterial Na18F PET/CT imaging, whereas this role seems less obvious for arterial 18FDG PET/CT imaging.
Advisors/Committee Members: Mali, W.P.T.M., Hoilund-Carlsen, P.F., Jong, P.A. de, Lam, M.G.E.H..
Subjects/Keywords: Atherosclerosis; imaging; positron emission; tomography; fluorodeoxyglucose; sodium fluoride; cardiovascular disease
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APA (6th Edition):
Blomberg, B. A. (2015). Positron Emission Tomography of Atherosclerosis. (Doctoral Dissertation). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/321903
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Blomberg, B A. “Positron Emission Tomography of Atherosclerosis.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed January 15, 2021.
http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/321903.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Blomberg, B A. “Positron Emission Tomography of Atherosclerosis.” 2015. Web. 15 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Blomberg BA. Positron Emission Tomography of Atherosclerosis. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 15].
Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/321903.
Council of Science Editors:
Blomberg BA. Positron Emission Tomography of Atherosclerosis. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2015. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/321903
UCLA
23.
Chen, Supin.
Production of positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers with electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) digital microfluidics.
Degree: Biomedical Engineering, 2014, UCLA
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1zz6h16w
► There is currently a need to improve production of radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging because although thousands of radiotracers have been developed in…
(more)
▼ There is currently a need to improve production of radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging because although thousands of radiotracers have been developed in research settings, only a few are readily available, severely limiting the biological problems that can be studied in vivo via PET. An electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) digital microfluidic chip was designed with multifunctional electrodes (for heating, temperature sensing, and EWOD driving) to synthesize a variety of 18F-labeled tracers targeting a range of biological processes. A single EWOD radiosynthesizer device design was used for complete synthesis of four radiotracers (a sugar, a DNA nucleoside, a protein-labelling compound, and a neurotransmitter). All of the key synthesis steps for radiochemistry have been demonstrated on chip: concentration of fluoride ion, solvent exchange, chemical reaction, and purification. A mirrored configuration of valve metal oxide was also investigated for use as a cost effective and high electrical performance dielectric in EWOD.
Subjects/Keywords: Biomedical engineering; digital microfluidics; electrowetting; positron emission tomography; radiosynthesis; radiotracer
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Chen, S. (2014). Production of positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers with electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) digital microfluidics. (Thesis). UCLA. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1zz6h16w
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Chen, Supin. “Production of positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers with electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) digital microfluidics.” 2014. Thesis, UCLA. Accessed January 15, 2021.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1zz6h16w.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Chen, Supin. “Production of positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers with electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) digital microfluidics.” 2014. Web. 15 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Chen S. Production of positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers with electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) digital microfluidics. [Internet] [Thesis]. UCLA; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 15].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1zz6h16w.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Chen S. Production of positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers with electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) digital microfluidics. [Thesis]. UCLA; 2014. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1zz6h16w
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Alberta
24.
DeSilva, Alan D.
Development of a Targeted Adenoviral Vector Expressing
HSV-TK for use in Breast Cancer Gene Therapy and Analysis through
Positron Emission Tomography.
Degree: PhD, Department of Oncology, 2012, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/7h149q455
► While adenoviral (Ad) vectors are the most commonly used gene delivery vector for human gene therapy, improvements must be made to increase Ad specificity to…
(more)
▼ While adenoviral (Ad) vectors are the most commonly
used gene delivery vector for human gene therapy, improvements must
be made to increase Ad specificity to tumors if they are to be used
for cancer gene therapy. Our goal is to target adenoviral vectors
to breast cancer (BrCa) cells to induce cell killing while reducing
toxicity to non-tumor cells. We have generated a non-replicating
BrCa-targeted adenoviral vector that utilizes a mammary-specific
promoter (MPE2) to drive expression of a therapeutic gene, herpes
simplex virus-1 thymidine kinase (HSV-TK). Cells expressing HSV-TK
are sensitive to the prodrug ganciclovir (GCV). Thus, AdMPE2TK can
induce BrCa-specific cell death when administered in combination
with GCV. The expression of HSV-TK also allows cells to be
visualized using positron emission tomography (PET) using
radiolabeled PET substrates 3’-[18F]fluoro-3’-deoxythymidine
([18F]FLT) and 9-(4-[18F]fluoro-3-hydroxymethylbutyl)-guanine
([18F]FHBG). We first characterized the immunocompetent MTHJ murine
breast cancer model as having high biological significance to human
breast cancer and reveal its ability to uptake standard PET
tracers. We then showed the BrCa specificity of the AdMPE2TK vector
to kill BrCa cells in vitro in comparison to the non-specific
AdCMVTK vector utilizing the cytomegalovirus promoter. Neither
vector was shown to induce in vivo tumor regression, however the
AdCMVTK vector caused liver toxicity in immunocompetent mice. In
contrast, the AdMPE2TK vector did not induce any measurable
toxicity, highlighting its specificity and potential for cancer
gene therapy. Finally, using MTHJ murine tumor cells, in vitro cell
uptake experiments revealed the ability of AdTK vectors to induce
an increase in accumulation of [18F]FHBG. In vivo PET imaging was
then used to evaluate the accumulation of [18F]FLT and [18F]FHBG in
established MTHJ tumors injected with AdTK vectors, however no
increase in accumulation was observed. This thesis outlines the
first preclinical evaluation of the BrCa-specific MPE2 promoter to
target HSV-TK for cancer gene therapy. We illustrate the ability of
AdMPE2TK to induce a therapeutic effect in combination with GCV. In
addition, this project represents the first imaging studies of an
adenoviral vector utilizing the MPE2 promoter. This research
outlines the potential of the MPE2 promoter and illustrates its
application in BrCa gene therapy.
Subjects/Keywords: Gene Therapy; Adenovirus; Breast Cancer; PET; HSV-TK; Positron Emission Tomography
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
DeSilva, A. D. (2012). Development of a Targeted Adenoviral Vector Expressing
HSV-TK for use in Breast Cancer Gene Therapy and Analysis through
Positron Emission Tomography. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/7h149q455
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
DeSilva, Alan D. “Development of a Targeted Adenoviral Vector Expressing
HSV-TK for use in Breast Cancer Gene Therapy and Analysis through
Positron Emission Tomography.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Alberta. Accessed January 15, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/7h149q455.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
DeSilva, Alan D. “Development of a Targeted Adenoviral Vector Expressing
HSV-TK for use in Breast Cancer Gene Therapy and Analysis through
Positron Emission Tomography.” 2012. Web. 15 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
DeSilva AD. Development of a Targeted Adenoviral Vector Expressing
HSV-TK for use in Breast Cancer Gene Therapy and Analysis through
Positron Emission Tomography. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 15].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/7h149q455.
Council of Science Editors:
DeSilva AD. Development of a Targeted Adenoviral Vector Expressing
HSV-TK for use in Breast Cancer Gene Therapy and Analysis through
Positron Emission Tomography. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2012. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/7h149q455
University of Alberta
25.
Paproski, Robert Joseph.
Characterization of transport of positron emission
tomography tracer 3′-deoxy-3′-fluorothymidine by nucleoside
transporters.
Degree: PhD, Department of Oncology, 2010, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/sb397945f
► Positron emission tomography (PET) tracer 3′-fluoro-3′-deoxythymidine (FLT) is used for imaging tumor proliferation. Prior to this work, human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) was the…
(more)
▼ Positron emission tomography (PET) tracer
3′-fluoro-3′-deoxythymidine (FLT) is used for imaging tumor
proliferation. Prior to this work, human equilibrative nucleoside
transporter 1 (hENT1) was the only known human nucleoside
transporter (hNT) capable of FLT transport. The aim of this
research was to determine if other hNTs, including hENT2, human
concentrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hCNT1), hCNT2 and hCNT3,
were capable/important of/for FLT transport in mammalian cells.
Transport assays performed in Xenopus laevis oocytes producing
recombinant hNTs demonstrated that hENT1/2 and hCNT1/3 were capable
of FLT transport. FLT uptake assays with or without hENT1 inhibitor
nitrobenzylmercaptopurine ribonucleoside (NBMPR) in various
cultured cancer cell lines demonstrated that hENT1 was responsible
for the majority of mediated FLT uptake in all tested cell lines,
suggesting that hENT1 was important for FLT uptake. The in vivo
role of hENT1 in FLT uptake was determined by performing [18F]FLT
PET on wild-type and ENT1 knockout mice. One hour after [18F]FLT
injection, ENT1 knockout mice displayed significantly reduced
[18F]FLT accumulation in the blood, heart, brain, kidney, liver,
and lungs compared to wild-type mice. Interestingly, ENT1 knockout
mice displayed increased [18F]FLT accumulation in the bone marrow
and spleen which both have high CNT expression, suggesting that
loss of ENT1 significantly alters FLT biodistribution in mice.
hENT1 is a predictive marker of gemcitabine response in pancreatic
cancers. Since FLT uptake and gemcitabine toxicity are dependent on
hENT1, FLT uptake may predict gemcitabine response in pancreatic
cancers. To test this hypothesis, six different pancreatic cancer
cell lines were analyzed for FLT uptake and gemcitabine toxicity.
hENT1/2 inhibition in cells decreased FLT uptake and gemcitabine
sensitivity. In five of six cell lines, a positive correlation was
observed between FLT uptake and gemcitabine toxicity, suggesting
that FLT PET may be clinically useful for predicting gemcitabine
response in pancreatic cancers. The results from this research
suggest that hNTs, especially hENT1, are important for FLT uptake
in mammalian cells and that FLT uptake can predict gemcitabine
response in most cultured pancreatic cancer cells. The results
warrant FLT PET clinical trials in pancreatic cancer patients to
determine the potential of FLT PET in predicting gemcitabine
response.
Subjects/Keywords: positron emission tomography; 3′-deoxy-3′-fluorothymidine; nucleoside transporters
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Paproski, R. J. (2010). Characterization of transport of positron emission
tomography tracer 3′-deoxy-3′-fluorothymidine by nucleoside
transporters. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/sb397945f
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Paproski, Robert Joseph. “Characterization of transport of positron emission
tomography tracer 3′-deoxy-3′-fluorothymidine by nucleoside
transporters.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Alberta. Accessed January 15, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/sb397945f.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Paproski, Robert Joseph. “Characterization of transport of positron emission
tomography tracer 3′-deoxy-3′-fluorothymidine by nucleoside
transporters.” 2010. Web. 15 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Paproski RJ. Characterization of transport of positron emission
tomography tracer 3′-deoxy-3′-fluorothymidine by nucleoside
transporters. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 15].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/sb397945f.
Council of Science Editors:
Paproski RJ. Characterization of transport of positron emission
tomography tracer 3′-deoxy-3′-fluorothymidine by nucleoside
transporters. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2010. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/sb397945f
University of Alberta
26.
Tietz, Ole.
Novel radiotracers for the molecular imaging of
cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) using positron emission tomography
(PET).
Degree: PhD, Department of Oncology, 2015, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/ccv43nx04g
► Cancer remains one of the most prevalent causes of death in the western world. Effective treatment of this disease relies on the ability to diagnose…
(more)
▼ Cancer remains one of the most prevalent causes of
death in the western world. Effective treatment of this disease
relies on the ability to diagnose patients early and assess
response to treatment accurately. This can be achieved by
monitoring the expression of biomarkers relevant to the type and
staging of the cancer. Inflammation has recently been recognized as
a hallmark of cancer, as a result the diagnostic and therapeutic
molecular targets within inflammatory pathways are of great
interest in oncology. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is the inducible
isoform of the cyclooxygenase enzyme family. COX-2 is involved in
tumour development and progression, and frequent overexpression of
COX-2 in a variety of human cancers has made COX-2 an important
drug target for cancer treatment. Non-invasive imaging of COX-2
expression in cancer would be useful for assessing COX-2 mediated
effects on chemoprevention and radiosensitization using COX-2
inhibitors as an emerging class of anti-cancer drugs, especially
for colorectal cancer. The aim of this study is the design,
synthesis and characterization of novel molecular probes
(radiotracers) and the preclinical assessment of those probes in
cells and animals to evaluate their ability to functionally image
COX-2 in vivo using positron emission tomography. Herein, we
describe the synthesis of various novel COX-2 inhibitors based on a
pyrimidine central scaffold and the radiosynthesis of three novel
18F-labeled COX-2 radiotracers. Radiosynthesis was accomplished by
direct and indirect radiolabeling methods, based on a
4-[18F]fluorobenzylamine ([18F]FBA) building block and
radiofluorination of iodyl precursors respectively. Radiotracers
N-(4-[18F]Fluorobenzyl)-4-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-amine
([18F]1a),
4-{2-[(4-[18F]Fluorobenzyl)amino]-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl}benzenesulfonamide
([18F]2a) and
2-[(4-[18F]Fluorobenzyl)oxy]-4-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine
([18F]3a) were evaluated in a colorectal cancer model using HCA-7
cells in vitro and HCA-7 xenograft tumors in NIH-III mice as in
vivo model. Lead radiotracer [18F]1a showed the most promising in
vitro and in vivo properties and underwent the most extensive
pre-clinical evaluation. In vitro cell uptake studies of [18F]1a
showed that the uptake of radiotracer into COX-2 positive HCA-7
cells is significantly higher than in COX-2 negative HCT-116 cells.
Furthermore, the uptake of [18F]1a in HCA-7 cells could be reduced
by pre-treating cells with high doses of known COX-2 inhibitors,
indicating that the uptake of [18F]1a in HCA-7 cells is due to
COX-2 specific binding. Experiments in HCA-7 tumor bearing NIH-III
mice showed that the uptake of [18F]1a in the tumor is
significantly higher than the uptake in reference tissue (muscle).
Furthermore, the uptake in the tumor could be reduced by
pre-treatment of animals with known COX-2 inhibitors, indicating
that uptake of [18F]1a in HCA-7 xenografts is due to COX-2 specific
binding. These pre-clinical studies indicate that the uptake…
Subjects/Keywords: cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2); positron emission tomography (PET)
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Tietz, O. (2015). Novel radiotracers for the molecular imaging of
cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) using positron emission tomography
(PET). (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/ccv43nx04g
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Tietz, Ole. “Novel radiotracers for the molecular imaging of
cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) using positron emission tomography
(PET).” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Alberta. Accessed January 15, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/ccv43nx04g.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Tietz, Ole. “Novel radiotracers for the molecular imaging of
cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) using positron emission tomography
(PET).” 2015. Web. 15 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Tietz O. Novel radiotracers for the molecular imaging of
cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) using positron emission tomography
(PET). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 15].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/ccv43nx04g.
Council of Science Editors:
Tietz O. Novel radiotracers for the molecular imaging of
cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) using positron emission tomography
(PET). [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2015. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/ccv43nx04g
University of Alberta
27.
Trayner, Brendan J.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Radiolabelled
Substrates for Imaging of GLUT5 Expression in Human Breast Cancer
Using Positron Emission Tomography.
Degree: PhD, Department of Physiology, 2012, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/7h149q145
► Overactive glucose transport and metabolism has been widely recognized as one of the fundamental hallmarks of cancer and its progression. The facilitative glucose transporter GLUT1…
(more)
▼ Overactive glucose transport and metabolism has been
widely recognized as one of the fundamental hallmarks of cancer and
its progression. The facilitative glucose transporter GLUT1 is
widely overexpressed in many tumor types compared to their
untransformed counterparts. Due to this, the glucose analogue,
2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) has been used widely for the
imaging of malignant neoplastic tissue through a non-invasive
technique, positron emission tomography (PET). PET scans have been
very successful in the imaging of many breast cancers expressing
high levels of GLUT1, but unfortunately, many breast tumors do not
express GLUT1 at high levels, if at all. Clinically, this lack of
GLUT1 expression in tumors has led to false-negatives in patients’
PET scans. Interestingly, in 1996 it was first identified that the
fructose transporting facilitative hexose transporter GLUT5 is
highly expressed in transformed breast tissue compared to the
untransformed surrounding tissue. This finding has led to the
suggestion that radiolabeled substrates for GLUT5 may be effective
in imaging GLUT1 negative, GLUT5 positive tumors. We have
rationally designed and synthesized several compounds based around
previously performed structural studies and analyzed their
behaviour both in vitro and in vivo. The C-6 labelled fructose
analogue 6-deoxy-6-[18F]fluoro-D-fructose (6-FDF) has shown
favourable in vitro and in vivo characteristics for the imaging of
GLUT5 expressing breast tumors. Additionally, its dosimetry and
excretory profile suggest the viability of the compound for a
clinical trial. Other substrates based on the C2 symmetric fructose
mimic 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol (2,5-AM) have also been examined for
their behaviour in vitro and in vivo. Further work will be spent on
further characterizing additional fructose and 2,5-AM analogues
that will shed more light on the structural requirements of GLUT5
and perhaps lead to other tracers that will show utility in the
imaging of GLUT5 expressing breast cancer with PET.
Subjects/Keywords: Fructose; Breast Cancer; Positron Emission Tomography; GLUTs; Hexose Transport; Cancer; GLUT5
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Trayner, B. J. (2012). Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Radiolabelled
Substrates for Imaging of GLUT5 Expression in Human Breast Cancer
Using Positron Emission Tomography. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/7h149q145
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Trayner, Brendan J. “Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Radiolabelled
Substrates for Imaging of GLUT5 Expression in Human Breast Cancer
Using Positron Emission Tomography.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Alberta. Accessed January 15, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/7h149q145.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Trayner, Brendan J. “Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Radiolabelled
Substrates for Imaging of GLUT5 Expression in Human Breast Cancer
Using Positron Emission Tomography.” 2012. Web. 15 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Trayner BJ. Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Radiolabelled
Substrates for Imaging of GLUT5 Expression in Human Breast Cancer
Using Positron Emission Tomography. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 15].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/7h149q145.
Council of Science Editors:
Trayner BJ. Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Radiolabelled
Substrates for Imaging of GLUT5 Expression in Human Breast Cancer
Using Positron Emission Tomography. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2012. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/7h149q145
University of Manchester
28.
Su, Zhangjie.
Translocator Protein Expression and Microglial Activation
in Gliomas.
Degree: 2013, University of Manchester
URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:193566
► Background: Gliomas are the most frequent primary brain tumours in adults with two main histological subtypes: astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma. Translocator protein (TSPO) is a pro-inflammatory…
(more)
▼ Background: Gliomas are the most frequent primary
brain tumours in adults with two main histological subtypes:
astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma. Translocator protein (TSPO) is a
pro-inflammatory molecule over-expressed predominantly in activated
microglia under pathological conditions. In astrocytoma samples,
TSPO has also been found to be up-regulated and correlated with the
malignancy of the tumours. [11C]-(R)PK11195 is a selective
radioligand for the TSPO widely applied in clinical PET studies. We
used [11C]-(R)PK11195 PET to investigate in vivo cerebral TSPO
expression and microglial activation in patients with gliomas of
different histological subtypes and grades.Methods: 24 glioma
patients and 10 healthy volunteers underwent volumetric MRI and
dynamic [11C]-(R)PK11195 PET scans. Tissue time-activity curves
(TACs) were extracted from tumour regions and normal grey and white
matter of the brains. Parametric maps of binding potential (BPND)
were generated with the simplified reference tissue model.
Co-registered MRI/PET was used to guide tumour biopsies. Tumour
tissue was quantitatively assessed for TSPO expression and
microglial infiltration by immunohistochemistry. Results: Three
types of tumour TAC were observed in gliomas (grey matter-like
kinetics, white matter-like kinetics and mixed kinetics), which
differed between low-grade astrocytomas and low-grade
oligodendrogliomas but were independent of the tumour grade.
[11C]-(R)PK11195 BPND also differed between the two subtypes of
low-grade gliomas, and low-grade gliomas demonstrated lower BPND
than high-grade gliomas. 4 cases of high-grade glioma with minor or
no contrast enhancement on MRI showed pronounced [11C]-(R)PK11195
binding. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that expression of TSPO
correlated with [11C]-(R)PK11195 BPND of the tumour. It was related
mainly to expression by neoplastic cells while the contribution
from tumour-infiltrating microglia was minimal. When compared with
control subjects, increased [11C]-(R)PK11195 BPND was found in
patients’ normal appearing cerebral structures, being more
prominent in the tumour-bearing than the tumour-free hemisphere.
This extra-tumoral [11C]-(R)PK11195 binding was correlated with the
duration of epileptic seizures, the symptom shared by the majority
of our patients.Conclusions: Gliomas show differences in
[11C]-(R)PK11195 kinetics and binding that are related to
histological subtype and grade. Neoplastic cells rather than
activated microglia are the main cellular sources expressing TSPO
and determine the [11C]-(R)PK11195 binding within the tumours.
[11C]-(R)PK11195 PET has the potential to detect malignant
transformation of non-enhancing gliomas and facilitate the
targeting of more aggressive areas in tumour biopsy. The high
extra-tumoral [11C]-(R)PK11195 binding indicates widespread
microglial activation in otherwise normal appearing cerebral
structures of glioma patients. It is associated with epilepsy and
could open up novel therapeutic perspectives for seizure control in
this patient population.
Advisors/Committee Members: HINZ, RAINER R, GERHARD, ALEXANDER DA, Herholz, Karl, Hinz, Rainer, Gerhard, Alexander.
Subjects/Keywords: Glioma; Translocator Protein; Microglia; Neuroinflammation; Positron Emission Tomography; PK11195
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Su, Z. (2013). Translocator Protein Expression and Microglial Activation
in Gliomas. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:193566
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Su, Zhangjie. “Translocator Protein Expression and Microglial Activation
in Gliomas.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed January 15, 2021.
http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:193566.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Su, Zhangjie. “Translocator Protein Expression and Microglial Activation
in Gliomas.” 2013. Web. 15 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Su Z. Translocator Protein Expression and Microglial Activation
in Gliomas. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 15].
Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:193566.
Council of Science Editors:
Su Z. Translocator Protein Expression and Microglial Activation
in Gliomas. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2013. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:193566
Vanderbilt University
29.
Mutic, Nathan James.
Effect of MAPK inhibition on cell cycle regulation of thymidine kinase 1 and [18F]-FLT PET.
Degree: MS, Chemical and Physical Biology, 2009, Vanderbilt University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1803/15068
► Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using the radiotracer 3’-deoxy-3’-[18F]fluorothymidine ([18F]-FLT) has shown potential as a biomarker of proliferation in tumors. [18F]-FLT measures the activity of…
(more)
▼ Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using the radiotracer 3’-deoxy-3’-[18F]fluorothymidine ([18F]-FLT) has shown potential as a biomarker of proliferation in tumors. [18F]-FLT measures the activity of thymidine kinase 1 (TK1), which is related to cell proliferation. The relationship between [18F]-FLT uptake and TK1 regulation is complex and, to date, not sufficiently understood. This is particularly true in cancer where cell cycle regulation is often abnormal. If FLT PET is to serve as a biomarker of proliferation then it is vital to understand the underlying biological events responsible for the [18F]-FLT retention and such an understanding begins with how cancer cells regulate TK1. Therefore, the goal of this research is to understand cellular mechanisms of TK1 regulation in cancer cells. These studies have focused on colorectal cancer (CRC) and therapeutic blockade of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling axis.
Advisors/Committee Members: John C. Gore (committee member), H. Charles Manning (committee member), M. Kay Washington (committee member), Robert Coffey (committee member), Hassane Mchaourab (Committee Chair).
Subjects/Keywords: cancer; positron emission tomography
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
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APA (6th Edition):
Mutic, N. J. (2009). Effect of MAPK inhibition on cell cycle regulation of thymidine kinase 1 and [18F]-FLT PET. (Thesis). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1803/15068
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mutic, Nathan James. “Effect of MAPK inhibition on cell cycle regulation of thymidine kinase 1 and [18F]-FLT PET.” 2009. Thesis, Vanderbilt University. Accessed January 15, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1803/15068.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mutic, Nathan James. “Effect of MAPK inhibition on cell cycle regulation of thymidine kinase 1 and [18F]-FLT PET.” 2009. Web. 15 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Mutic NJ. Effect of MAPK inhibition on cell cycle regulation of thymidine kinase 1 and [18F]-FLT PET. [Internet] [Thesis]. Vanderbilt University; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 15].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1803/15068.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Mutic NJ. Effect of MAPK inhibition on cell cycle regulation of thymidine kinase 1 and [18F]-FLT PET. [Thesis]. Vanderbilt University; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1803/15068
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Vanderbilt University
30.
Tang, Dewei.
Synthesis and evaluation of pyrazolopyrimidinyl-based TSPO ligands for cancer imaging.
Degree: PhD, Chemical and Physical Biology, 2013, Vanderbilt University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1803/11305
► This project is focused on PET probe development for cancer imaging by targeting a potential cancer biomarker- Translocator Protein (TSPO). In this project, I evaluated…
(more)
▼ This project is focused on PET probe development for cancer imaging by targeting a potential cancer biomarker- Translocator Protein (TSPO). In this project, I evaluated 18F-DPA-714, a pyrazolopyrimindine probe, as a TSPO PET probe for C6 glioma preclinical imaging. With in vivo PET imaging study, I evaluated 18F-DPA-714 as a promising tracer in detecting C6 glioma in rats. With following optimization of this probe, I discovered 18F-VUIIS1008, a TSPO PET probe featuring a 36-fold higher binding affinity compared to 18F-DPA-714. Further preclinical PET imaging with 18F-VUIIS1008 demonstrated a partial reversible binding profile to tumor instead of the healthy brain. Meanwhile, I also found that 18F-VUIIS1008 demonstrated a higher in vivo stability and lower brain uptake compared to 18F-DPA-714. According to these result, we envision this 18F-VUIIS1008 holds a great potential to serve as a PET probe for the human glioma imaging.
Advisors/Committee Members: John C. Gore (committee member), Robert J. Coffey (committee member), Thomas E. Yankeelov (committee member), Brian O. Bachmann (committee member), H.Charles Manning (Committee Chair).
Subjects/Keywords: TSPO; Cancer Imaging; Pyrazolopyrimidines; Positron Emission Tomography; DPA-714; Glioma
Record Details
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Share »
Record Details
Similar Records
Cite
« Share
❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Tang, D. (2013). Synthesis and evaluation of pyrazolopyrimidinyl-based TSPO ligands for cancer imaging. (Doctoral Dissertation). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1803/11305
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Tang, Dewei. “Synthesis and evaluation of pyrazolopyrimidinyl-based TSPO ligands for cancer imaging.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Vanderbilt University. Accessed January 15, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1803/11305.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Tang, Dewei. “Synthesis and evaluation of pyrazolopyrimidinyl-based TSPO ligands for cancer imaging.” 2013. Web. 15 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Tang D. Synthesis and evaluation of pyrazolopyrimidinyl-based TSPO ligands for cancer imaging. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 15].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1803/11305.
Council of Science Editors:
Tang D. Synthesis and evaluation of pyrazolopyrimidinyl-based TSPO ligands for cancer imaging. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1803/11305
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Open Access Theses and Dissertations
