subject:(Plant Pathology)

University of Helsinki

1. Haikonen, Tuuli. Microtubule and replication vesicle associations of the potyviral HCpro protein.

Degree: Department of Agricultural Sciences, 2013, University of Helsinki

► Viruses, as intracellular parasites, occupy and rearrange the host cell. Potyviruses (genus Potyvirus), the largest group of plant RNA viruses, infect plants of several families,… (more)

▼ Viruses, as intracellular parasites, occupy and rearrange the host cell. Potyviruses (genus Potyvirus), the largest group of plant RNA viruses, infect plants of several families, including the nightshade family (Solanaceae). Potyviruses modify the internal organization of host cell membranes and membranous organelles for the purposes of viral multiplication and movement. At the same time, they have to deceive the receptors of the host cell that guard against external and internal alterations. Virus factories are formed in the perinuclear regions by deploying and concentrating endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi and chloroplasts. The peripheries of the cell, containing cortical microtubules (MTs), are involved in secretion and endocytosis-mediated defence signalling. Helper component proteinase (HCpro) is a multifunctional protein of potyviruses that participates in subversion of host defence, including RNA silencing. HCpro of Potato virus A (PVA) interacts with HCpro-interacting protein 2 (HIP2) of potato (Solanum tuberosum) and also with viral proteins that accumulate in or near viral replication vesicles. Host eukaryotic translation initiation factors eIF4E or eIF(iso)4E are required for replication, accumulation or systemic movement of potyviruses and are recruited to viral replication vesicles during infection. In this study, the interaction of HCpro with HIP2 and a new interaction of HCpro with eIF4E proteins were studied and their localizations in infected cells were described. Structural predictions of HCpro and HIP2 were applied for more detailed understanding of these interactions. HIP2 from potato and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) were found to be functionally related to a homologous MT-associated protein of Arabidopsis thaliana, SPIRAL2. Virus-induced silencing of HIP2 in Nicotiana benthamiana caused twisted growth, a phenotype typical of defects in cortical MT organization. A similar spiral phenotype of an Arabidopsis spiral2 line was complemented by transgenic expression of potato HIP2. Self-interactions regulated localization and spatial distribution of HIP2 on the cortical MT array. Predicted structural domains, localizations and self-interactions of the plant-specific HIP2 and SPIRAL2 suggested similarities to the eukaryotic multi-TOG-domain proteins CLASP and MAP215 that regulate MT dynamics, and its interactions with the plasma membrane and cell organelles, and participate in endosomal signalling. Interactions of HCpro and the host proteins were studied in PVA-infected plant cells using bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). Signals of HIP2 and HCpro interaction occurred in the cell cortex, along MTs and at MT intersections, but also in granules near the chloroplasts. The signals of HCpro interaction with eIF(iso)4E were concentrated in foci that associated with chloroplasts and viral replication vesicles. Replication vesicles of PVA were detected near chloroplasts and occasionally with HCpro and HIP2 at cortical MTs. Detailed yeast two-hybrid system (YTHS) analysis of HCpro interactions…

Subjects/Keywords: plant Pathology; plant Pathology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Haikonen, T. (2013). Microtubule and replication vesicle associations of the potyviral HCpro protein. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Helsinki. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10138/40700

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Haikonen, Tuuli. “Microtubule and replication vesicle associations of the potyviral HCpro protein.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Helsinki. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10138/40700.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Haikonen, Tuuli. “Microtubule and replication vesicle associations of the potyviral HCpro protein.” 2013. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Haikonen T. Microtubule and replication vesicle associations of the potyviral HCpro protein. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/40700.

Council of Science Editors:

Haikonen T. Microtubule and replication vesicle associations of the potyviral HCpro protein. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/40700

University of Helsinki

2. Kirchner, Sascha. Epidemiology and enhanced control of Potato virus Y in high grade seed potato production.

Degree: Department of Agricultural Sciences, 2014, University of Helsinki

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/42693

► Background: The control of Potato virus Y (PVY, genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) is one of the greatest challenges in seed potato production worldwide. PVY can… (more)

▼ Background: The control of Potato virus Y (PVY, genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) is one of the greatest challenges in seed potato production worldwide. PVY can cause substantial economic losses. It reduces the growth of potato plants and the quality and quantity of yield. Therefore, when virus incidence exceeds set thresholds, the potatoes cannot be sold as seed but have to be sold at a lower price for consumption. PVY is transmitted in a non-persistent manner by winged forms of many aphid species. This mode of transmission is characterised by short probing activity, which is sufficient for acquisition and transmission of the virus. Because of these underlying epidemiological factors, PVY is difficult to control. Around 2005, the High grade (HG) seed potato production area in Finland, which is one of the northernmost intensive crop production areas of the world, saw a marked increase in the incidence of PVY in potato seed lots. Therefore, it became necessary to investigate the epidemiology of PVY and establish measures of PVY control in this region. – – Aims: 1) To characterise the species composition and phenology of the aphid fauna. 2) To determine the incidence of aphid species with documented ability to transmit PVY and to use a modelling approach to determine their relative importance as vectors including timing of virus transmission. 3) To compare the application of straw mulch, mineral oil and birch extract with chemical practices for control of PVY vectors. Methods: The area under study was Tyrnävä-Liminka (latitude 64°) in Finland. Studies were carried out in the potato growing seasons from 2007 to 2012. Aphid flight activity was monitored by yellow pan traps (YPT) placed in 4 8 seed potato fields per year and by one suction trap. Aphid identification was done by morphological characteristics and by DNA barcoding based on a 658-bp long region of the mitochondrial gene for cytochrome c oxidase I (COI). A cluster analysis was used to categorise phenology of species. Incidence of PVY was measured by testing leaves collected two weeks after plant emergence and in the progeny tubers after harvest by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To determine the most important time of transmission of PVY, and the main vectors, the seasonal increase in PVY incidence was modelled using aphid counts in traps, the relative vector efficiencies of the aphids, virus resistance of cultivars, and the initial infection rate of the seed tubers as explanatory variables in generalised linear mixed modelling. In addition, small scale experiments (SSE) were conducted in three years and large scale (LSE) field trials in two years. SSE were set up to compare applications of straw mulch, mineral oil and birch extract with chemical control of PVY vectors. LSE were conducted in growers fields to test efficacy of straw mulch to control PVY at farm scale. – - Results: A total of 58,528 winged aphid individuals were classified into 83 taxa based on morphology: Of these, 34 species were further characterised by DNA barcoding. Four…

Subjects/Keywords: plant Pathology; plant Pathology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kirchner, S. (2014). Epidemiology and enhanced control of Potato virus Y in high grade seed potato production. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Helsinki. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10138/42693

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kirchner, Sascha. “Epidemiology and enhanced control of Potato virus Y in high grade seed potato production.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Helsinki. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10138/42693.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kirchner, Sascha. “Epidemiology and enhanced control of Potato virus Y in high grade seed potato production.” 2014. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kirchner S. Epidemiology and enhanced control of Potato virus Y in high grade seed potato production. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/42693.

Council of Science Editors:

Kirchner S. Epidemiology and enhanced control of Potato virus Y in high grade seed potato production. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/42693

Texas A&M University

3. Park, Yunjung. The effect of double-stranded (DS) RNA on Monosporascus cannonballus culture morphology and virulence.

Degree: MS, plant pathology, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1996-THESIS-P36

► Attempts to eliminate double-stranded (ds) RNA elements in Monosporascus cannonballus by subculturing on PDA amended with various concentrations of cycloheximide (O to 15 pg/ml) and… (more)

▼ Attempts to eliminate double-stranded (ds) RNA elements in Monosporascus cannonballus by subculturing on PDA amended with various concentrations of cycloheximide (O to 15 pg/ml) and incubating at elevated temperatures were partially effective. Elevated incubation temperature (37'C), but not cycloheximide, resulted in a change of dsRNA banding profiles in one isolate (TX 93-449') of M. cannonballus. Some of the subcultures lost all dsRNA fragments, while others lost or gained specific fragments. The dsRNA-cured subcultures were used for comparison in their culture morphology and virulence on muskmelon (Cucumis melo) with a dsRNA-free, wild type M.cannonballus isolate. The dsRNA-cured subculture reverted to a dsRNA-free, wild type phenotype both in culture morphology and virulence. Typically, dsRNA' isolates exhibit a degenerated culture morphology, manifested as an uneven and retarded growth rate, reduced number of perithecia, and the development of a specific yellow to brown pigment. However, the dsRNA-cured subculture grew equally fast, produced a normal number of perithecia, and did not develop any pigment, which is similar to behavior of the dsRNA-free, wild type M cannonballus isolate. Also, pathogenicity tests conducted under greenhouse conditions revealed thatthe dsRNA-cured subcultures were equally virulent on muskmelon as the dsRNA-free, wild type isolate. In addition to the elimination of dsRNA from one isolate, dsRNA from a dsRNAcontaining isolate was transferred to a dsRNA-free, wild type isolate via hyphal anastomosis. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were developed for each strain and were used to confirm the transfer. The new dsRNA-containing isolates (TX 90-25 +44') resulted in the development of typical degenerated culture morphology and hypovirulence to muskmelon. The occurrence of two different mycelium interactions among isolates of M. cannonballus was observed. In a macroscopic study, one interaction was considered as vegetatively compatible and was characterized by lack of a distinctive mycelium interaction zone. The other reaction was considered as vegetatively incompatible and was characterized by the presence of a dense mycelium interaction zone. However, in the microscopic study, no difference was detected among the different interactions as anastomosis apparently occurred in both compatible and incompatible interactions.

Subjects/Keywords: plant pathology.; Major plant pathology.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Park, Y. (2012). The effect of double-stranded (DS) RNA on Monosporascus cannonballus culture morphology and virulence. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1996-THESIS-P36

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Park, Yunjung. “The effect of double-stranded (DS) RNA on Monosporascus cannonballus culture morphology and virulence.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1996-THESIS-P36.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Park, Yunjung. “The effect of double-stranded (DS) RNA on Monosporascus cannonballus culture morphology and virulence.” 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Park Y. The effect of double-stranded (DS) RNA on Monosporascus cannonballus culture morphology and virulence. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1996-THESIS-P36.

Council of Science Editors:

Park Y. The effect of double-stranded (DS) RNA on Monosporascus cannonballus culture morphology and virulence. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1996-THESIS-P36

Texas A&M University

4. Reed, Jerry Douglas. Synthetic peptide combinatorial libraries: an approach to identifying antimicrobials for the control of plant pathogens.

Degree: MS, plant pathology, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1996-THESIS-R44

► Peptides are not only key regulators of physiological processes, but also have the potential of acting as antimicrobials to control the growth of phytopathogenic fungi.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: plant pathology.; Major plant pathology.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Reed, J. D. (2012). Synthetic peptide combinatorial libraries: an approach to identifying antimicrobials for the control of plant pathogens. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1996-THESIS-R44

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Reed, Jerry Douglas. “Synthetic peptide combinatorial libraries: an approach to identifying antimicrobials for the control of plant pathogens.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1996-THESIS-R44.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Reed, Jerry Douglas. “Synthetic peptide combinatorial libraries: an approach to identifying antimicrobials for the control of plant pathogens.” 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Reed JD. Synthetic peptide combinatorial libraries: an approach to identifying antimicrobials for the control of plant pathogens. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1996-THESIS-R44.

Council of Science Editors:

Reed JD. Synthetic peptide combinatorial libraries: an approach to identifying antimicrobials for the control of plant pathogens. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1996-THESIS-R44

Texas A&M University

5. Choi, Kuicheon. Genetics and mechanism of resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria in advanced generation peanut germplasm.

Degree: MS, plant pathology, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1997-THESIS-C462

► The genetic basis and mechanism for resistance to root-knot nematode was determined in six BCSF2 peanut breeding lines. The donor parent for resistance to root-knot… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: plant pathology.; Major plant pathology.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Choi, K. (2012). Genetics and mechanism of resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria in advanced generation peanut germplasm. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1997-THESIS-C462

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Choi, Kuicheon. “Genetics and mechanism of resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria in advanced generation peanut germplasm.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1997-THESIS-C462.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Choi, Kuicheon. “Genetics and mechanism of resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria in advanced generation peanut germplasm.” 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Choi K. Genetics and mechanism of resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria in advanced generation peanut germplasm. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1997-THESIS-C462.

Council of Science Editors:

Choi K. Genetics and mechanism of resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria in advanced generation peanut germplasm. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1997-THESIS-C462

Texas A&M University

6. Batten, Jeffrey Samuel. Monosporascus root rot/vine decline: a study of double-stranded (DS) RNA and its role in the pathogenesis of Monosporascus cannonballus on muskmelon.

Degree: MS, plant pathology, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1997-THESIS-B385

► Double-strand (ds) RNA has been shown to induce culture degeneration (slow growth, reduced sporulation, and pigment accumulation) and hypovirulence (on muskmelon) in the fungus, Monosporascus… (more)

▼ Double-strand (ds) RNA has been shown to induce culture degeneration (slow growth, reduced sporulation, and pigment accumulation) and hypovirulence (on muskmelon) in the fungus, Monosporascus cannonballus. Five M cannonballus isolates with different dsRNA banding patterns, (Az9O-33-, Tx93-449+, Ca9l-17"+, Tx93-529+, and Tx93-314+'-) were examined in repeated greenhouse pathogenicity trials from 1995 to 1996 to determine if a specific set of dsRNA fragments were associated with hypovirulence and/or culture degeneration. There was some variation in virulence levels for isolates Ca9l-17 16+, Tx93-529+, and Tx93-314+/-. In contrast, isolate Tx93449 + was consistently hypovirulent and Az9O-33- was consistently virulent on muskmelon. Pooling greenhouse pathogenicity data from seven trials, isolates Ca9l96+-529+, and Tx93-314+'-caused less stunting than Az9O-33-and were partially 17 , Tx93 hypovirulent. In addition, these isolates had a culture phenotype similar to that of wildtype isolates. In contrast, isolate Tx93-449+ grew significantly slower (LSD, P=0.05) than all other isolates in radial growth assays and accumulated a yellow to brown pigment. Aniline blue staining of fungal mycelia in muskmelon seedlings infected with Tx93-449+ revealed that this isolate took three times longer to penetrate and colonized root tissue compared to the virulent isolate, Az9O-33-. Three hypovirulent isolates (Tx93-449+, Ca9l-17 95+, and [email protected]) were tested for their ability to affect the virulence of an aggressive isolate (Az9O-33-) in controlled pathogenicity tests. Results from two greenhouse trials and one field microplot trial suggest that virulence was reduced when the hypovirulent isolate was added to the inoculum mixture at a ratio 1: IO (virulent:hypovirulent). At this ratio, plants were less stunted than those inoculated with the virulent isolate alone, suggesting that biocontrol of D might be possible. Two isolates (Tx93-529+ and Ca9l-17 96+) were used to make a CDNA library derived from their dsRNAs. Initially, only fungal ribosomal RNA-CDNA clones were generated from Tx93-529+. After introducing additional purification techniques, nine CDNA clones (400 bp to 1500 bp) were obtained from the dsRNAs associated with Ca9l-17 96+ . These clones are currently being sequenced and compared with other known dsRNA mycoviruses. The techniques developed for cloning dsRNAs in M. cannonhallus will be used to derive CDNA clones from the dsRNAs in the hypovirulent isolate, Tx93-449+.

Subjects/Keywords: plant pathology.; Major plant pathology.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Batten, J. S. (2012). Monosporascus root rot/vine decline: a study of double-stranded (DS) RNA and its role in the pathogenesis of Monosporascus cannonballus on muskmelon. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1997-THESIS-B385

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Batten, Jeffrey Samuel. “Monosporascus root rot/vine decline: a study of double-stranded (DS) RNA and its role in the pathogenesis of Monosporascus cannonballus on muskmelon.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1997-THESIS-B385.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Batten, Jeffrey Samuel. “Monosporascus root rot/vine decline: a study of double-stranded (DS) RNA and its role in the pathogenesis of Monosporascus cannonballus on muskmelon.” 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Batten JS. Monosporascus root rot/vine decline: a study of double-stranded (DS) RNA and its role in the pathogenesis of Monosporascus cannonballus on muskmelon. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1997-THESIS-B385.

Council of Science Editors:

Batten JS. Monosporascus root rot/vine decline: a study of double-stranded (DS) RNA and its role in the pathogenesis of Monosporascus cannonballus on muskmelon. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1997-THESIS-B385

Texas A&M University

7. Meek, Isaac Burton. The sequence and characterization of TRI1, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in T-2 toxin biosynthesis.

Degree: MS, plant pathology, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-A44

► We report here the sequence and characterization of TRI1 (TRI15), a gene previously defined by two Fusarium sporotrichioides UV mutants, MB1716 and MB1370. Biochemical analysis… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: plant pathology.; Major plant pathology.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Meek, I. B. (2012). The sequence and characterization of TRI1, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in T-2 toxin biosynthesis. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-A44

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Meek, Isaac Burton. “The sequence and characterization of TRI1, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in T-2 toxin biosynthesis.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-A44.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Meek, Isaac Burton. “The sequence and characterization of TRI1, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in T-2 toxin biosynthesis.” 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Meek IB. The sequence and characterization of TRI1, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in T-2 toxin biosynthesis. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-A44.

Council of Science Editors:

Meek IB. The sequence and characterization of TRI1, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in T-2 toxin biosynthesis. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-A44

Texas A&M University

8. Camilli, Kim Suzanne. Use of remote sensing and geographic information systems to study the epidemiology of oak wilt in Dallas, Texas.

Degree: MS, plant pathology, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-C355

► Color infrared (CIR) aerial photography and a geographic information system (GIS/ArcView) were used to categorized forty-four oak wilt centers in a 50 square mile area… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: plant pathology.; Major plant pathology.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Camilli, K. S. (2012). Use of remote sensing and geographic information systems to study the epidemiology of oak wilt in Dallas, Texas. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-C355

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Camilli, Kim Suzanne. “Use of remote sensing and geographic information systems to study the epidemiology of oak wilt in Dallas, Texas.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-C355.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Camilli, Kim Suzanne. “Use of remote sensing and geographic information systems to study the epidemiology of oak wilt in Dallas, Texas.” 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Camilli KS. Use of remote sensing and geographic information systems to study the epidemiology of oak wilt in Dallas, Texas. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-C355.

Council of Science Editors:

Camilli KS. Use of remote sensing and geographic information systems to study the epidemiology of oak wilt in Dallas, Texas. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-C355

Texas A&M University

9. Fichtner, Scott Michael. Management of cotton seedling disease complexes.

Degree: MS, plant pathology, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-F53

► The objective of this research was to evaluate combinations of approaches for the management of seedling diseases of cotton caused by soilborne pathogens, including the… (more)

▼ The objective of this research was to evaluate combinations of approaches for the management of seedling diseases of cotton caused by soilborne pathogens, including the use of host resistance. Over 200 cotton lines were screened for resistance to Rhizoctonia solani with infested soil in growth chamber experiments and in infested fields. From these trials, 20 lines were identified with resistance to R. solani. Nine lines were selected for resistance screening to Pythium ultimum and R. solani in a field experiment where soil was naturally infested with P. ultimum and artificially with R. solani. The variety 'Paymaster 2326BG/RR', with a seed treatment of captan only, was included as a positive control for Pythium and R. solani infection and with a metalaxyl plus triademenol seed treatment to provide Pythium and R. solani protection. At 28 days after planting, 8 of the 9 breeding lines had significantly higher stands (P=0.05) than the captan-treated check. The captan-treated 'Paymaster 2326BG/RR' had significantly lower yield (P=0.05) than the metalaxyl plus triademenol treated variety and 8 of the breeding lines. Another experiment was conducted testing combinations of seedling disease management tools for control of seedling disease complexes in naturally infested fields. Treatments for each field included all available management tools: fungicide seed treatments; an in-furrow fungicide at planting; multiple varieties; and a nematicide. 'Paymaster 2326RR' with no seed applied fungicides was included as a control. Seed treated with a fungicide active against Thielaviopsis basicola and R. solani, although slower to emerge, had significantly higher (P=0.0001) root health, as determined by hypocotyl ratings and root necrosis ratings, than seed treated with a fungicide active against only R. solani in several fields. The experimental genotype 94T#49 1524-1 had a significantly poorer stand (P=0.0001) than 'Paymaster 2326RR' and 'Paymaster 2200RR'; however, the seed was of a lower quality than other entries included in the experiment. The overall yields from all four sites in 2000 showed a significantly higher yield (P=0.0004) with the addition of aldicarb. 'Paymaster 2326RR' had the greatest response to aldicarb. Combining management tools based on specific disease situations can be an effective approach for seedling disease control.

Subjects/Keywords: plant pathology.; Major plant pathology.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Fichtner, S. M. (2012). Management of cotton seedling disease complexes. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-F53

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fichtner, Scott Michael. “Management of cotton seedling disease complexes.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-F53.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fichtner, Scott Michael. “Management of cotton seedling disease complexes.” 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Fichtner SM. Management of cotton seedling disease complexes. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-F53.

Council of Science Editors:

Fichtner SM. Management of cotton seedling disease complexes. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-F53

Texas A&M University

10. Grzegorski, Darlene. The construction and characterization of three genomic libraries of trichoderma virens strain Tv29-8.

Degree: MS, plant pathology, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-G79

► Three genomic libraries (lambda, cosmid, and bacterial artificial chromosome) were constructed from Trichoderma virens strain Tv29-8. These libraries have been characterized and used to isolate… (more)

▼ Three genomic libraries (lambda, cosmid, and bacterial artificial chromosome) were constructed from Trichoderma virens strain Tv29-8. These libraries have been characterized and used to isolate a full-length copy of a large peptide synthetase, tex1, and genes involved in signal transduction. Isolation of large DNA for lambda and cosmid library construction was accomplished by lysing protoplasts, rather than by lyophilizing and grinding mycelia. The lambda library was constructed from genomic DNA partially digested with Mbo I and cloned into LambdaGem11®. Three ligation conditions yielded titers ranging from 10⁵ to 10⁶ plaques per packaging extract. The cosmid library was constructed with genomic DNA partially digested with Mbo I and dephosphorylated and cloned into pMOcosX. A total of 6400 clones were arrayed in 96-well plates, which were then converted to 384-well plates, representing approximately 6X genome coverage. High-molecular-weight (HMW) DNA for BAC cloning was obtained by embedding protoplasts in agarose plugs, which were subjected to pre-size selection to remove small DNA fragments. HMW DNA was partially digested with Hind III and fractionated on a contour-clamped homogeneous electrophoresis field (CHEF) gel. The region containing 100-450 kb fragments was excised and divided into three sections (small: 100-200 kb, medium: 200-300 kb, and large: 300-450 kb). DNA was recovered by electroelution and subjected to a second size selection. Insert DNA was ligated to pECBAC1 in a 6:1 molecular weight ratio. Random clones were analyzed for insert size by Not I digestion. As a large percentage of the clones analyzed from the medium and large ligations did not contain inserts, the BAC library was constructed from the small ligation. The average insert size was approximately 90 kb, but ranged from 10 kb to 170 kb. The library was arrayed as 12,243 clones in 32 384-well plates and immobilized on eight 8 cm x 12 cm nylon membranes. Genome representation was determined using two single-copy genes, arg2 and gpd, each hybridizing to approximately 25 clones. A full-length copy of tex1 was isolated on a 150 kb BAC clone. A contig of plasmids containing 24.5 kb of tex1 was constructed from a BAC clone for sequencing and analysis.

Subjects/Keywords: plant pathology.; Major plant pathology.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Grzegorski, D. (2012). The construction and characterization of three genomic libraries of trichoderma virens strain Tv29-8. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-G79

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Grzegorski, Darlene. “The construction and characterization of three genomic libraries of trichoderma virens strain Tv29-8.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-G79.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Grzegorski, Darlene. “The construction and characterization of three genomic libraries of trichoderma virens strain Tv29-8.” 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Grzegorski D. The construction and characterization of three genomic libraries of trichoderma virens strain Tv29-8. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-G79.

Council of Science Editors:

Grzegorski D. The construction and characterization of three genomic libraries of trichoderma virens strain Tv29-8. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-G79

Texas A&M University

11. Mirabile, Joanna. Biological studies and characterization of the High Plains Disease pathogen.

Degree: MS, plant pathology, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-M57

► High Plains Disease (HPD), which is a recently recognized affliction causing up to 80% yield losses in corn and wheat, has been suspected to be… (more)

▼ High Plains Disease (HPD), which is a recently recognized affliction causing up to 80% yield losses in corn and wheat, has been suspected to be of viral origin, however no clear evidence existed to validate this claim. In order to determine the nature of the infectious agent, its transmission and movement, the relationship with Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and the particle composition, studies were performed to compare the features of HPD with known viral characteristics. The eriophyid mite vector Aceria tosichella was found capable of transmitting the HPD pathogen in single infections from an established single-infection colony. Using the mites for transmission, the HPD pathogen was observed to move in a classical virus-like systemic manner in How-Sweet-It-Is sweet corn initiating from the originally infested or inoculated leaf to the roots and ultimately moving into the new shoots. However, movement in Siouxland wheat was limited to the roots. Co-infection of wheat with WSMV permitted movement of the HPD pathogen not only to the roots, but also to the new growth in the shoots. Conversely, HPD was not detected in the roots nor the shoots in corn co-infected with WSMV. In addition, a recovery-like phenomenon was observed, with the HPD pathogen no longer being detected 45 days post infestation in any of the treatments for wheat or corn. A purification protocol was established for isolation of the double-membrane particles associated with HPD from wheat leaves. When viewed under transmission electron microscope these purified ovoid particles varied in size from 80-200 nm in diameter and were identical to those previously observed with thin tissue sections of infected leaf tissue. Strand-specific RNA probes, generated from one of four RNA species previously shown to be associated with HPD infection, revealed the presence of negative-sense single-stranded RNA encapsidated in the particles. In addition, immunomicroscopy using the 32kDa protein antiserum showed that the 32 kDa protein is most likely acting as a nucleocapsid protein, complexing with the encapsidated RNA. These studies suggest that HPD is caused by a newly recognized plant virus.

Subjects/Keywords: plant pathology.; Major plant pathology.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mirabile, J. (2012). Biological studies and characterization of the High Plains Disease pathogen. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-M57

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mirabile, Joanna. “Biological studies and characterization of the High Plains Disease pathogen.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-M57.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mirabile, Joanna. “Biological studies and characterization of the High Plains Disease pathogen.” 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Mirabile J. Biological studies and characterization of the High Plains Disease pathogen. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-M57.

Council of Science Editors:

Mirabile J. Biological studies and characterization of the High Plains Disease pathogen. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-M57

Texas A&M University

12. Sim, Sung Chur. Characterization of genes in the sterigmatocystin gene cluster and their role in fitness of Aspergillus nidulans.

Degree: MS, plant pathology, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-S566

► Sterigmatocystin (ST) is the penulitmate precursor of aflatoxin (AF) and a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced by A. nidulans, a fungus well established as a genetic model… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: plant pathology.; Major plant pathology.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sim, S. C. (2012). Characterization of genes in the sterigmatocystin gene cluster and their role in fitness of Aspergillus nidulans. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-S566

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sim, Sung Chur. “Characterization of genes in the sterigmatocystin gene cluster and their role in fitness of Aspergillus nidulans.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-S566.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sim, Sung Chur. “Characterization of genes in the sterigmatocystin gene cluster and their role in fitness of Aspergillus nidulans.” 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Sim SC. Characterization of genes in the sterigmatocystin gene cluster and their role in fitness of Aspergillus nidulans. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-S566.

Council of Science Editors:

Sim SC. Characterization of genes in the sterigmatocystin gene cluster and their role in fitness of Aspergillus nidulans. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-S566

Texas A&M University

13. Waite, Deirdre Marie. The overexpression of an endo-β-1,3-glucanase, engl1, in Trichoderma virens.

Degree: MS, plant pathology, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-W251

► Many strains of Trichoderma spp. have been shown to be effective biocontrol agents against foliar and soilborne plant pathogens. The production and secretion of hydrolytic… (more)

▼ Many strains of Trichoderma spp. have been shown to be effective biocontrol agents against foliar and soilborne plant pathogens. The production and secretion of hydrolytic enzymes appear to play an important role in these antagonistic interactions. We overexpressed a gene (engl1) that encodes an endo-β-1,3-glucanase under the control of a constitutive promoter, gpd, and its own inducible promoter in T. virens. Transformants were selected following four separate transformation events and designated as: GLN series, which contained extra copies of the native gene and the GOE, GA, and GA100 series, which were constitutively overexpressing transformants. Many of the transformant strains secreted significantly (P < 0.01) more glucanase than the wild-type strain, Tv29-8, when grown under non-inducing conditions (mannitol as a carbon source). Culture filtrate from overexpressing transformants liberated from 2-30 times more glucose from laminarin than Tv29-8. The presence of multiple copies of the ORF of engl1 in overexpressing transformants was confirmed by Southern blotting analysis using the ORF of engl1 and the promoter of gpd. When crude protein extracts were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and stained with Coomassie blue R-250, a band of ~80 kDa was visualized with the overexpressing transformants, but not with Tv29-8. Glucanase activity gels revealed the presence of as many as five active β-1,3-glucanases in all strains when grown under non-inducing conditions. While active protein was found in the crude protein extracts, the extracts at the concentrations tested did not inhibit the germination of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae encysted zoospores. Three of the nine transformant strains were found to grow (in vitro) significantly greater than Tv29-8 and were able to colonize cotton roots to a greater extent than Tv29-8. An ID-DI curve was created for a cotton-Pythium ultimum pathosystem and an LD₅₀ of 0.3 g of P. ultimum infested rice particles per 1.8 l of Metro-mix potting medium was established. Cotton seeds coated with a wheat bran-peat moss base containing strains of T. virens were planted into potting mix infested with 0.2 or 0.3 g of P. ultimum inoculum. The overexpression transformant strains were no more effective than Tv29-8 in protecting cotton seeds against infection by the pathogen.

Subjects/Keywords: plant pathology.; Major plant pathology.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Waite, D. M. (2012). The overexpression of an endo-β-1,3-glucanase, engl1, in Trichoderma virens. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-W251

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Waite, Deirdre Marie. “The overexpression of an endo-β-1,3-glucanase, engl1, in Trichoderma virens.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-W251.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Waite, Deirdre Marie. “The overexpression of an endo-β-1,3-glucanase, engl1, in Trichoderma virens.” 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Waite DM. The overexpression of an endo-β-1,3-glucanase, engl1, in Trichoderma virens. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-W251.

Council of Science Editors:

Waite DM. The overexpression of an endo-β-1,3-glucanase, engl1, in Trichoderma virens. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-W251

Texas A&M University

14. Wiest, Aric. The isolation and characterization of a peptide synthetase gene from Trichoderma virens.

Degree: MS, plant pathology, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2002-THESIS-W343

► The filamentous fungus Trichoderma has a long history of biological control, protecting numerous plant species against a broad spectrum of soilborne pathogens. Additionally, many species… (more)

▼ The filamentous fungus Trichoderma has a long history of biological control, protecting numerous plant species against a broad spectrum of soilborne pathogens. Additionally, many species are significant sources of industrial enzymes. Trichoderma isolates have been shown to produce a number of antibiotic compounds, including peptaibols, which are deleterious to both fungi and bacteria. Peptaibols are known for their high α-aminoisobutyric acid content and their production as a mixture of isoforms ranging from 7-20 amino acids in length. The antibiotic activity they exhibit is probably due to an ability to form pores in lipid membranes. These pores conduct ions, leading to loss of osmotic balance and cell death. Because of the potential importance of peptaibols in the biological control of plant diseases, we sought to clone the gene(s) responsible for their synthesis. With their unusual amino acid content, we expected peptaibols to be the product of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). NRPSs have a modular structure in which each module is a semiautonomous unit that recognizes, activates, and incorporates a single residue into the final peptide. We have identified novel peptaibols from Trichoderma virens and cloned the NRPS gene, tex1, responsible for their biosynthesis. Disruption of tex1 in T. virens eliminates peptaibol production, as determined by HPLC analysis. This gene is the first complete peptide synthetase gene cloned from the genus Trichoderma. The 62.8 kb continuous open reading frame represents not only the first peptaibol synthetase gene cloned, but also the largest known open reading frame of any gene in any organism. Tex1 is expressed under all examined conditions, including ungerminated conidia. Since modular order is co-linear with that of the product, we were able to assign substrate amino acid(s) to each module. Comparison of protein sequences between modules is consistent with the module/substrate assignments. Here we report the first genetic evidence showing that peptaibols from T. virens are produced by an enormous peptide synthetase. Manipulation of the abundance or sequence of peptaibols or the expression of tex1 in other fungi or plants could lead to increased suppression of plant pathogens through biological control.

Subjects/Keywords: plant pathology.; Major plant pathology.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wiest, A. (2012). The isolation and characterization of a peptide synthetase gene from Trichoderma virens. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2002-THESIS-W343

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wiest, Aric. “The isolation and characterization of a peptide synthetase gene from Trichoderma virens.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2002-THESIS-W343.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wiest, Aric. “The isolation and characterization of a peptide synthetase gene from Trichoderma virens.” 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Wiest A. The isolation and characterization of a peptide synthetase gene from Trichoderma virens. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2002-THESIS-W343.

Council of Science Editors:

Wiest A. The isolation and characterization of a peptide synthetase gene from Trichoderma virens. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2002-THESIS-W343

Texas A&M University

15. Katsar, Catherine Susan. Quantification of dilatory resistance in four rice cultivars to rice blast.

Degree: MS, plant pathology, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1993-THESIS-K193

► Dilatory resistance of two rice Cultivars, Jackson and Maybelle, to rice blast was expressed as decreases in different components of resistance. Incubation period was found… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: plant pathology.; Major plant pathology.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Katsar, C. S. (2012). Quantification of dilatory resistance in four rice cultivars to rice blast. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1993-THESIS-K193

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Katsar, Catherine Susan. “Quantification of dilatory resistance in four rice cultivars to rice blast.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1993-THESIS-K193.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Katsar, Catherine Susan. “Quantification of dilatory resistance in four rice cultivars to rice blast.” 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Katsar CS. Quantification of dilatory resistance in four rice cultivars to rice blast. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1993-THESIS-K193.

Council of Science Editors:

Katsar CS. Quantification of dilatory resistance in four rice cultivars to rice blast. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1993-THESIS-K193

Texas A&M University

16. Shimek, Christina Marie. The influence of purification protocol and pH on tomato spotted wilt virions.

Degree: MS, plant pathology, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1993-THESIS-S556

► Two purification protocols were tested for their influence on yield of tomato spotted wilt virions. Protocol "A" was developed by Black et al (2), modified… (more)

▼ Two purification protocols were tested for their influence on yield of tomato spotted wilt virions. Protocol "A" was developed by Black et al (2), modified by Mohammed et al (34), and described by Gonsalves and Trujillo (16). Protocol "B" was developed by Tas et al (45), and described by Verkleij and Peters (48). Three levels of pH were tested using three separate buffers, each of which was selected according to the most useful pK value; ammonium citrate (pH 6.0), phosphate (pH 7.0), and Tris-HCI (pH 8.0). The purified virions were characterized according to spectrophotometric readings, double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS ELISA), infectivity assay, and by electron microscopy. The purified virons were spectrophotometrically scanned in the ultraviolet range from 310 to 240 nm to produce the "virus profile" from which the 280/260 ratios were calculated and analyzed for nucleic acid per cent according to the Warburg and Christian data (52) . Extracts of the tissue from which the virus was purifed were analyzed by DAS ELISA (Agdia, Inc.), as were the results from each protocol, and each pH level using protocol B. Infectivity was determined by mechanically inoculating Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Benthamiana seedlings at the three to fiveleaf stage (approximately 21 days old) with the virus suspensions obtained from each protocol, and at each pH level. The seedlings were tested for infectivity by DAS ELISA 8 to 10 days post-inoculation. To identify virions among other particles within the final pellet, an immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM) assay was performed on the purified virons obtained from each of the protocols. When the pH level was varied using protocol B, the purified virions were observed without the benefit of an ISEM. The ISEM results revealed the most uniform, spherical, intact particles when the assay was performed on spotted wilt infected Benthamiana seedlings. Results from virions obtained at three pH levels from each of the protocols, revealed a mixture of particle types and sizes, with very little uniformity. Data obtained in which an ISEM was not performed was inconclusive. The preparations revealed nearly the same amorphous particle shapes from protocols, A and B, and at each pH level from protocol B. Nucleic acid content in the viral suspensions ranged from 59/o to nearly [email protected] Infectivity on the Benthamiana seedlings was correlated to nucleic acid per cent, with the greatest per cent infectivity observed as the nucleic acid content of the purified virions approached 59/0. The D.-k,@ ELISA readings were inversely correlated to nucleic acid per cent and per cent infectivity.

Subjects/Keywords: plant pathology.; Major plant pathology.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Shimek, C. M. (2012). The influence of purification protocol and pH on tomato spotted wilt virions. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1993-THESIS-S556

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Shimek, Christina Marie. “The influence of purification protocol and pH on tomato spotted wilt virions.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1993-THESIS-S556.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Shimek, Christina Marie. “The influence of purification protocol and pH on tomato spotted wilt virions.” 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Shimek CM. The influence of purification protocol and pH on tomato spotted wilt virions. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1993-THESIS-S556.

Council of Science Editors:

Shimek CM. The influence of purification protocol and pH on tomato spotted wilt virions. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1993-THESIS-S556

Texas A&M University

17. Villalon, Deborah Kay. Gene structure and regulation of cryparin, a hydrophobin of the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica.

Degree: MS, plant pathology, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1994-THESIS-V7144

► Cryphonectria parasitica is a filamentous fungus that causes a disease in chestnut trees called chestnut blight. Hypovirulence and decreased sporulation by the fungus are caused… (more)

▼ Cryphonectria parasitica is a filamentous fungus that causes a disease in chestnut trees called chestnut blight. Hypovirulence and decreased sporulation by the fungus are caused by the presence of a unique double-stranded (ds)RNA. Symptoms of dsRNA infection are correlated with the down-regulation of several host polypeptides and poly(A)+ RNAS. One of the regulated host proteins (cryparin) that has been purified has a glycine-serine repeating sequence near the amino-terminal end that is typical of structural proteins, and it has the properties of a lectin (8,19,39). Antibody staining showed that this protein is specific to aerial hyphae and fruiting bodies and accumulates in large amounts on hyphal cell surfaces (14). The gene for cryparin has been isolated. Structural analysis was conducted by comparison of the sequence data from the subgenomic DNA clone and PCR amplified CDNA product. Putative 5'and 3' regulatory sequences were identified as well as intron splicing sites. The transcription initiation site was identified by primer extension of RNA from a dsRNA-free wild type strain EP155/2. Northern blot analysis was performed on MRNA extracted from both EP155/2 and the isogenic strain UEP1, which contains the dsRNA, to determine steady state levels of cryparin transcript. SDS-PAGE gels were used to examine protein accumulation over time in liquid grown cultures. Cryparin was found to be developmentally regulated with MRNA being most highly expressed in log phase of liquid cultures (70). In order to investigate gene function, a gene deletion vector was constructed using the subgenomic DNA clone of cryparin. Fungal transformations were performed to attempt to delete the cryparin gene. Mitotically stable transformants were selected on media containing the antibiotic hygromycin B. Southern hybridizations with the labeled hygromycin resistance gene confirmed plasmid integration in nuclear DNA, however, hybridization with labeled cryparin coding sequences revealed no deletion of the cryparin gene.

Subjects/Keywords: plant pathology.; Major plant pathology.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Villalon, D. K. (2012). Gene structure and regulation of cryparin, a hydrophobin of the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1994-THESIS-V7144

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Villalon, Deborah Kay. “Gene structure and regulation of cryparin, a hydrophobin of the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1994-THESIS-V7144.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Villalon, Deborah Kay. “Gene structure and regulation of cryparin, a hydrophobin of the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica.” 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Villalon DK. Gene structure and regulation of cryparin, a hydrophobin of the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1994-THESIS-V7144.

Council of Science Editors:

Villalon DK. Gene structure and regulation of cryparin, a hydrophobin of the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1994-THESIS-V7144

Texas A&M University

18. Ivey, Katherine Trimble. Influence of clipping recycling on the incidence of Bipolaris cynodontis on common bermudagrass.

Degree: MS, plant pathology, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1995-THESIS-I95

► Field and laboratory investigations were used to determine the influence of turfgrass clipping recycling practices on the incidence of Bipolaris leafspot on common bermudagrass. Weekly… (more)

▼ Field and laboratory investigations were used to determine the influence of turfgrass clipping recycling practices on the incidence of Bipolaris leafspot on common bermudagrass. Weekly counts of leafspot lesions on field plots subjected to three mowing treatments were used to assess disease incidence of B. cynodontis from May through September over a two-year period. Disease activity was highest in the months of April and May and August and September and was correlated with environmental conditions promoting excess moisture on the leaf canopy. Leafspot activity, where clippings were not collected, was 30 to 50 percent higher than on field plots where clippings were bagged and removed or plots where clippings were recycled with a mulching lawn mower. Laboratory studies determined the size of clipping debris influenced nutrient release and subsequently bacterial populations associated with decomposing debris. Carbohydrate analysis of leachates demonstrated an inverse relationship between clipping size and the amount of carbohydrate in leach water. Carbohydrate release from small clippings (0.3 cm) was three-fold greater than carbohydrates released from large clippings (4.8 cm). Cyclical patterns of wetting and drying of clipping debris (0.8 cm) demonstrated increased carbohydrate release during the initial drying cycle only. After 96 hours, bacterial numbers on bermudagrass leaf fragments were seven-fold higher on the 0.3 cm leaf fragments as compared to the 4.8 cm. Bacterial numbers on field plots were shown to fluctuate in response to nutrient availability by weekly mowing practices. Bacterial numbers were highest on mulching treatment plots and lowest on bagged plots. Dilution plating experiments demonstrated that bacterial growth on clipping debris was primarily attributed to rapidly growing Pseudomonas spp. A bioassay technique using bermudagrass clippings as substrate was developed to identify bacterial isolates that suppress saprophytic growth of B. cynodontis. Twenty-five of the 450 bacterial isolates recovered during the study inhibited the growth of B. cynodontis by seventy-five percent or greater when using the bioassay system. Bacillus spp. were determined to be more inhibitory than other bacterial species. Of the twenty-five isolates exhibiting activity against B. cynodontis twenty-two were Bacillus spp.

Subjects/Keywords: plant pathology.; Major plant pathology.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ivey, K. T. (2012). Influence of clipping recycling on the incidence of Bipolaris cynodontis on common bermudagrass. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1995-THESIS-I95

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ivey, Katherine Trimble. “Influence of clipping recycling on the incidence of Bipolaris cynodontis on common bermudagrass.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1995-THESIS-I95.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ivey, Katherine Trimble. “Influence of clipping recycling on the incidence of Bipolaris cynodontis on common bermudagrass.” 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Ivey KT. Influence of clipping recycling on the incidence of Bipolaris cynodontis on common bermudagrass. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1995-THESIS-I95.

Council of Science Editors:

Ivey KT. Influence of clipping recycling on the incidence of Bipolaris cynodontis on common bermudagrass. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1995-THESIS-I95

Texas A&M University

19. Ivors, Kelly Lynn. Molecular population genetics and epidemiology of Ceratocystis fagacearum.

Degree: MS, plant pathology, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1995-THESIS-I96

► The population genetic structure of Ceratocystis fagacearum was studied with genetic markers to address questions concerning the microgeographical spread and genetic variability of the oak… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: plant pathology.; Major plant pathology.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ivors, K. L. (2012). Molecular population genetics and epidemiology of Ceratocystis fagacearum. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1995-THESIS-I96

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ivors, Kelly Lynn. “Molecular population genetics and epidemiology of Ceratocystis fagacearum.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1995-THESIS-I96.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ivors, Kelly Lynn. “Molecular population genetics and epidemiology of Ceratocystis fagacearum.” 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Ivors KL. Molecular population genetics and epidemiology of Ceratocystis fagacearum. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1995-THESIS-I96.

Council of Science Editors:

Ivors KL. Molecular population genetics and epidemiology of Ceratocystis fagacearum. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1995-THESIS-I96

Texas A&M University

20. Nalim, F. Ameena. A genetic study of mycelial compatibility groups of Sclerotium rolfsii.

Degree: MS, plant pathology, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1995-THESIS-N35

► Sclerotium rolfsii isolates from Texas peanut fields were grouped according to mycelial compatibility; 262 isolates arbitrarily-collected from plants showing symptoms of southern blight in four… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: plant pathology.; Major plant pathology.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Nalim, F. A. (2012). A genetic study of mycelial compatibility groups of Sclerotium rolfsii. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1995-THESIS-N35

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nalim, F Ameena. “A genetic study of mycelial compatibility groups of Sclerotium rolfsii.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1995-THESIS-N35.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nalim, F Ameena. “A genetic study of mycelial compatibility groups of Sclerotium rolfsii.” 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Nalim FA. A genetic study of mycelial compatibility groups of Sclerotium rolfsii. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1995-THESIS-N35.

Council of Science Editors:

Nalim FA. A genetic study of mycelial compatibility groups of Sclerotium rolfsii. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1995-THESIS-N35

Texas A&M University

21. Ross, Sharon. Development of PCR primers for the specific amplification of unique DNA sequences of Peronospora sparsa.

Degree: MS, plant pathology, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1997-THESIS-R67

► A dual culture of Peronosclerospora sorghi and sorghum callus was established as a model system for a dual culture of Peronospora sparsa on rose callus.… (more)

▼ A dual culture of Peronosclerospora sorghi and sorghum callus was established as a model system for a dual culture of Peronospora sparsa on rose callus. Though the identity of the fungus could not be verified microscopically, it was verified by DNA amplification with PCR primers specific for P. sorghi, demonstrating that the primers could amplify fungal DNA from infected callus. A dual culture of P. sparsa and rose callus was sought to provide pure DNA for sequencing and primer development but could not be established using similar procedures. Five inoculation techniques including callus inoculation with a conidial suspension, callus inoculation by transfer of conidia, callus inoculation with sections of a sporulating rose leaf, callus inoculation by sporulating leaves in a sporulation chamber, and use of infected rose leaf sections as explants for callus initiation were attempted. Calli were incubated under conditions favorable to fungal growth for two months, but no P. sparsa infection developed. Sufficient DNA from P. sparsa was extracted from conidia on sporulating rose leaves that a dual culture of the fungus was not necessary. The ITS regions of the RDNA were amplified by various combinations of conserved ITS primers. These products were cloned into a pNoTA/T7 vector and transformed into E. coli cc-complementation cells. Inserts from transformants were sequenced by the Gene Technologies Lab, Texas A&M University, and aligned using the Sequencher program to deten-nine the complete sequence of the ITS regions of P. sparsa. This sequence of P. sparsa was compared to fungi with similar sequences as well as common saprophytes of rose, using the BLAST search provided by Genbank, to select putative PCR primers unique to P. sparsa. The primers were tested against DNA from rose leaves infected with P. sparsa, plasmid DNA containing an insert of the ITS region of P. sparsa, rose callus, a water control, and the control fungi Fusarium oxysporum, Epicoccum sp., Alternaria sp., Cladosporium sp., Botrytis sp., and Pestalotia sp. A nested PCR protocol was used in which DNA was first amplified with conserved ITS primers I and 4, diluted 1: I 000 with water, and amplified with specific primers to yield a visible product only for samples containing P. sparsa DNA.

Subjects/Keywords: plant pathology.; Major plant pathology.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ross, S. (2012). Development of PCR primers for the specific amplification of unique DNA sequences of Peronospora sparsa. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1997-THESIS-R67

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ross, Sharon. “Development of PCR primers for the specific amplification of unique DNA sequences of Peronospora sparsa.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1997-THESIS-R67.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ross, Sharon. “Development of PCR primers for the specific amplification of unique DNA sequences of Peronospora sparsa.” 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Ross S. Development of PCR primers for the specific amplification of unique DNA sequences of Peronospora sparsa. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1997-THESIS-R67.

Council of Science Editors:

Ross S. Development of PCR primers for the specific amplification of unique DNA sequences of Peronospora sparsa. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1997-THESIS-R67

Texas A&M University

22. Cabrera Perez, Over. Field distribution and genetic variability of Panicum mosaic virus satellite RNAs in St. Augustine decline.

Degree: MS, plant pathology, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1999-THESIS-C33

► 'St. Augustine decline' is a viral disease associated with St. Augustinegrass, Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze, a turfgrass common to the Gulf Coast region of the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: plant pathology.; Major plant pathology.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cabrera Perez, O. (2012). Field distribution and genetic variability of Panicum mosaic virus satellite RNAs in St. Augustine decline. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1999-THESIS-C33

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cabrera Perez, Over. “Field distribution and genetic variability of Panicum mosaic virus satellite RNAs in St. Augustine decline.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1999-THESIS-C33.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cabrera Perez, Over. “Field distribution and genetic variability of Panicum mosaic virus satellite RNAs in St. Augustine decline.” 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Cabrera Perez O. Field distribution and genetic variability of Panicum mosaic virus satellite RNAs in St. Augustine decline. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1999-THESIS-C33.

Council of Science Editors:

Cabrera Perez O. Field distribution and genetic variability of Panicum mosaic virus satellite RNAs in St. Augustine decline. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1999-THESIS-C33

Texas A&M University

23. Jin, Yuan. Cloning and characterization of the Aspergillus nidulans spdA gene.

Degree: MS, plant pathology, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2000-THESIS-J57

► Using a PCR product amplified from Aspergillus nidulans DNA as a probe, the A. nidulans spdA gene, coding for a putative spermidine synthase, was isolated.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: plant pathology.; Major plant pathology.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jin, Y. (2012). Cloning and characterization of the Aspergillus nidulans spdA gene. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2000-THESIS-J57

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jin, Yuan. “Cloning and characterization of the Aspergillus nidulans spdA gene.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2000-THESIS-J57.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jin, Yuan. “Cloning and characterization of the Aspergillus nidulans spdA gene.” 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Jin Y. Cloning and characterization of the Aspergillus nidulans spdA gene. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2000-THESIS-J57.

Council of Science Editors:

Jin Y. Cloning and characterization of the Aspergillus nidulans spdA gene. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2000-THESIS-J57

Texas A&M University

24. Ramaswamy, Anitha. Ecological analysis of secondary metabolite production in Aspergillus spp.

Degree: MS, plant pathology, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2002-THESIS-R36

► A complex and fascinating aspect of fungal development is the production of secondary metabolites. One of the best characterized secondary metabolite pathway is the aflatoxin… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: plant pathology.; Major plant pathology.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ramaswamy, A. (2012). Ecological analysis of secondary metabolite production in Aspergillus spp. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2002-THESIS-R36

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ramaswamy, Anitha. “Ecological analysis of secondary metabolite production in Aspergillus spp.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2002-THESIS-R36.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ramaswamy, Anitha. “Ecological analysis of secondary metabolite production in Aspergillus spp.” 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Ramaswamy A. Ecological analysis of secondary metabolite production in Aspergillus spp. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2002-THESIS-R36.

Council of Science Editors:

Ramaswamy A. Ecological analysis of secondary metabolite production in Aspergillus spp. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2002-THESIS-R36

25. Erasmus, Arno. Optimisation of imazalil application and green mould control in South African citrus packhouses.

Degree: Plant Pathology, 2014, Stellenbosch University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86631

►

Thesis (PhD(Agric)) – Stellenbosch University, 2014.

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa is the largest exporter of shipped fresh citrus fruit worldwide. One of the major factors that… (more)

▼

Thesis (PhD(Agric)) – Stellenbosch University, 2014.

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa is the largest exporter of shipped fresh citrus fruit worldwide. One of the major factors that can lead to substantial losses is postharvest decay. Penicillium digitatum (PD) and P. italicum (PI) are the main wound pathogens, respectively causing green and blue mould decay. PD is more prevalent than PI and therefore also the focus in the majority of research in this field. Imazalil (IMZ) is applied by the majority of citrus packhouses through an aqueous dip treatment, and provides good curative and protective control, as well as sporulation inhibition activity. Two IMZ formulations are in use: the sulphate salt applied in aqueous treatments and the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) applied with wax coatings. The majority of research on IMZ has been done using the EC formulation. The maximum residue limit (MRL) for IMZ on citrus fruit is 5 μg.g-1, whereas 2-3 μg.g-1 is regarded as a biologically effective residue level that should at least inhibit green mould sporulation. A study was conducted to assess the current status of IMZ application in South African packhouses, to determine the adequate residue levels needed to control green mould and inhibit sporulation using IMZ sensitive and resistant isolates, and to study optimisation of modes of IMZ application in citrus packhouses. Factors studied were IMZ concentration, application type (spray vs. dip and drench), exposure time, solution temperature and pH, as well as curative and protective control of PD. The packhouse survey showed that the majority of packhouses applied IMZ in a sulphate salt formulation through a fungicide dip tank, and loaded an IMZ residue of ≈1 μg.g-1. In dip applications, IMZ had excellent curative and protective activity against Penicillium isolates sensitive to IMZ. However, curative control of IMZ resistant isolates was substantially reduced and protective control was lost, even at twice the recommended concentration, nor was sporulation inhibited. The use of sodium bicarbonate (2%) buffered imazalil sulphate solutions at pH ±8, compared with pH ±3 of the unbuffered solutions, markedly increased IMZ residue loading on navel and Valencia oranges and improved curative and protective control of IMZ resistant isolates. Exposure time did not affect IMZ residue loading in IMZ sulphate solutions at pH 3, although the MRL was exceeded after 45 s exposure in pH 8 solutions. Imazalil applied through spray or drench application improved residue loading, but green mould control was less effective than after dip application. IMZ formulation (IMZ sulphate and EC), solution pH (IMZ sulphate at 500 μg.mL-1 buffered with NaHCO3 or NaOH to pH 6 and 8) and exposure time (15 to 540 s) were subsequently investigated in order to improve IMZ residue loading and green mould control on Clementine mandarin, lemon, and navel and Valencia orange fruit. As seen previously, exposure time had no significant effect on residue loading in the unbuffered IMZ sulphate solution (pH 3). No…

Advisors/Committee Members: Fourie, P. H., Lennox, C. L., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of AgriSciences. Dept. of Plant Pathology..

Subjects/Keywords: Plant pathology; Dissertations – Plant pathology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Erasmus, A. (2014). Optimisation of imazalil application and green mould control in South African citrus packhouses. (Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86631

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Erasmus, Arno. “Optimisation of imazalil application and green mould control in South African citrus packhouses.” 2014. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86631.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Erasmus, Arno. “Optimisation of imazalil application and green mould control in South African citrus packhouses.” 2014. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Erasmus A. Optimisation of imazalil application and green mould control in South African citrus packhouses. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86631.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Erasmus A. Optimisation of imazalil application and green mould control in South African citrus packhouses. [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86631

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

26. Basson, Elaine. Incidence and epidemiology of apple core rot in the Western Cape of South Africa.

Degree: MScAgric, Plant Pathology, 2012, Stellenbosch University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71961

► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study looked at the incidence, etiology and epidemiology of core rot of apples in orchards situated in the Western Cape, South Africa.… (more)

▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study looked at the incidence, etiology and epidemiology of core rot of apples in orchards situated in the Western Cape, South Africa. Core rot is a post-harvest disease, with three symptoms, namely mouldy core (MC), dry core rot (DCR) and wet core rot (WCR). These symptoms are caused by various pathogenic fungi, including Alternaria and Penicillium. Although MC is not economically important, DCR and WCR are, as they affect the flesh of the fruit. Core rot occurs worldwide in susceptible apple cultivars such as ‘Starking’ and ‘Red Delicious’. These cultivars have a wider, open calyx tube which results in an open core area. In South Africa, core rot of apples are important post-harvest diseases and losses of between 5 and 12% occur in apple cultivars. An in depth literature search was done on core rot including literature on each core rot symptom, the genuses Alternaria and Penicillium, molecular identification and techniques, disease incidence and its economic importance, various inoculum sources, pathogenicity of core rot organisms and integrated management of core rot. This study included two research chapters, with seven objectives, namely, to 1, determine the incidence of core rot in apples from commercial orchards both pre- and post-harvest; 2, to identify the causal organisms associated with core rot symptoms; 3, to identify potential sources of inoculum of core rot pathogens and determine whether there is synergism between Alternaria and Tarsonemus mites associated with core rot; and 4, to determine whether the fungicide Bellis®, used a full bloom application, can be used to manage core rot in South Africa; 5, to identify the species of Alternaria and Penicillium sampled from core rot symptomatic fruit and inoculum sources (air, apple mummies and mites), using morphological and molecular methods; 6, to compare Penicillium species isolated from pre- and post-harvest WCR symptomatic fruit, using molecular species identification methods and 7, to compare and to select the most reliable pathogenicity test for use in future research. The total decay incidence for Ceres is considerably higher than the previous losses indicated in literature. Pre-harvest core rot, which was confirmed by previous studies, had a higher incidence of each core rot symptom than previously indicated. The two most frequently isolated causal organisms were Alternaria and Penicillium. Other organisms isolated and then identified from the symptoms were Fusarium, Cladosporium, Epicoccum, Ulocladium, Stemphylium, Phoma, Botryosphaeria, Botrytis, Trichoderma, Verticillium, Paecilomyces and Gliocladium. Three inoculum sources, air, mummies and mites, were regarded as potential sources of infection for core rot. During this study the sources of infection were verified and core rot causing organisms were isolated from these sources. Alternaria was isolated from air inoculum samples, but was not found on the other two sources. This dismissed the hypothesis that there was a possible synergism between Alternaria and Tarsonemus… Advisors/Committee Members: Lennox, Cheryl L., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of AgriSciences. Dept. of Plant Pathology..

Subjects/Keywords: Plant pathology; Dissertations – Plant pathology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Basson, E. (2012). Incidence and epidemiology of apple core rot in the Western Cape of South Africa. (Masters Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71961

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Basson, Elaine. “Incidence and epidemiology of apple core rot in the Western Cape of South Africa.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71961.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Basson, Elaine. “Incidence and epidemiology of apple core rot in the Western Cape of South Africa.” 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Basson E. Incidence and epidemiology of apple core rot in the Western Cape of South Africa. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71961.

Council of Science Editors:

Basson E. Incidence and epidemiology of apple core rot in the Western Cape of South Africa. [Masters Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71961

Iowa State University

27. Gharabigloozare, Yeganeh. Raffaelea spp. from five ambrosia beetles in the genera Xyleborinus and Cyclorhipidion (Coleoptera: Curcurlionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini).

Degree: 2015, Iowa State University

URL: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/14815

► Five undescribed species of Raffaelea (Ophiostomatales), as well as Raffaelea sulphurea, were isolated and illustrated from the ambrosia beetle tribe Xyleborini: Raffaelea sulphurea and Raffaelea… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Plant Pathology; Agriculture; Plant Pathology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gharabigloozare, Y. (2015). Raffaelea spp. from five ambrosia beetles in the genera Xyleborinus and Cyclorhipidion (Coleoptera: Curcurlionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini). (Thesis). Iowa State University. Retrieved from https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/14815

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gharabigloozare, Yeganeh. “Raffaelea spp. from five ambrosia beetles in the genera Xyleborinus and Cyclorhipidion (Coleoptera: Curcurlionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini).” 2015. Thesis, Iowa State University. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/14815.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gharabigloozare, Yeganeh. “Raffaelea spp. from five ambrosia beetles in the genera Xyleborinus and Cyclorhipidion (Coleoptera: Curcurlionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini).” 2015. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Gharabigloozare Y. Raffaelea spp. from five ambrosia beetles in the genera Xyleborinus and Cyclorhipidion (Coleoptera: Curcurlionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini). [Internet] [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/14815.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Gharabigloozare Y. Raffaelea spp. from five ambrosia beetles in the genera Xyleborinus and Cyclorhipidion (Coleoptera: Curcurlionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini). [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2015. Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/14815

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Iowa State University

28. West, Ashley Marie. Ecological specialization of Tubakia iowensis, and searching for variation in resistance to bur oak blight.

Degree: 2015, Iowa State University

URL: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/14474

► Tubakia iowensis was recently recognized and described as the causative agent of bur oak blight. The pathogen causes vein necrosis and early season leaf death… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Plant Pathology; Agriculture; Plant Pathology

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APA (6^th Edition):

West, A. M. (2015). Ecological specialization of Tubakia iowensis, and searching for variation in resistance to bur oak blight. (Thesis). Iowa State University. Retrieved from https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/14474

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

West, Ashley Marie. “Ecological specialization of Tubakia iowensis, and searching for variation in resistance to bur oak blight.” 2015. Thesis, Iowa State University. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/14474.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

West, Ashley Marie. “Ecological specialization of Tubakia iowensis, and searching for variation in resistance to bur oak blight.” 2015. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

West AM. Ecological specialization of Tubakia iowensis, and searching for variation in resistance to bur oak blight. [Internet] [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/14474.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

West AM. Ecological specialization of Tubakia iowensis, and searching for variation in resistance to bur oak blight. [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2015. Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/14474

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Iowa State University

29. Bruns, Tracy L. The role of Fusarium mycotoxins in seedling infection of soybeans, wheat and maize.

Degree: 2015, Iowa State University

URL: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/14676

► Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium verticillioides are fungal plant pathogens that can cause yield losses, reductions in grain quality, and produce mycotoxins that can cause serious… (more)

▼ Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium verticillioides are fungal plant pathogens that can cause yield losses, reductions in grain quality, and produce mycotoxins that can cause serious diseases in animals and humans when contaminated grain is consumed. Both pathogens can infect and cause disease in seedlings. F. graminearum infects cereals and other crops and produces mycotoxins including deoxynivalenol (DON), which can act as a virulence factor for Gibberella ear rot in maize and head blight of wheat. F. verticillioides infects maize and produces fumonisins, a group of mycotoxins with phytotoxic properties. Previous research into the role of these mycotoxins in seedling diseases has been conflicting. To assess the roles of deoxynivalenol and fumonisins in seedling disease, wild-type and mycotoxin non-producing mutants of both fungi were used to inoculate seeds in rolled-towel experiments. F. verticillioides isolates were used to infect dent and sweet varieties of maize while F. graminearum isolates were used to infect dent maize, soybeans and wheat. Plant weights, shoot lengths and disease severity (soybean only) were measured at 7 days. Additionally, infection levels were compared by quantifying fungal biomass present in plant tissue between fungal isolates using qPCR. Finally, an experiment to determine changes in gene expression in maize inbred B73 when infected with wild-type or deoxynivalenol non-producing isolates of F. graminearum was performed to better understand the infection process and response of the plant to DON. Results of experiments with F. graminearum differed among the varieties for all crop species. In soybean, only the susceptible cultivar demonstrated significant differences between plants inoculated with the wild-type and the DON non-producing mutant for plant weight and length. In wheat, the wild type, but not the mutant, caused reductions in weight and length in the susceptible cultivar. The partially resistant variety was reduced in plant weight by both isolates, but neither isolate reduced shoot or root length. In maize, the wild type and the mutant had an impact on shoot length and plant weight for all three hybrids tested. In one susceptible hybrid the wild-type caused greater effects than the DON non-producing mutant. Results indicate that DON production is not required for pathogenicity in seedlings, but the wild-type isolate generally produced greater symptoms and there are interactions between host genotype and DON effects. Gene expression changes in maize in response to infection with wild-type and a DON- mutant revealed that different genes were expressed during early infection and plant germination in comparison to genes expressed after 7 days. There were minimal differences between the wild-type and the mutant isolates for any of the time points sampled. There were greater differences between wild-type infected plants and mock-inoculated plants. Experiments with Fusarium verticillioides in sweet and dent maize did not provide conclusive results about the effects of fumonisins on…

Subjects/Keywords: Plant Pathology; Agriculture; Plant Pathology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Bruns, T. L. (2015). The role of Fusarium mycotoxins in seedling infection of soybeans, wheat and maize. (Thesis). Iowa State University. Retrieved from https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/14676

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bruns, Tracy L. “The role of Fusarium mycotoxins in seedling infection of soybeans, wheat and maize.” 2015. Thesis, Iowa State University. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/14676.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bruns, Tracy L. “The role of Fusarium mycotoxins in seedling infection of soybeans, wheat and maize.” 2015. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Bruns TL. The role of Fusarium mycotoxins in seedling infection of soybeans, wheat and maize. [Internet] [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/14676.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Bruns TL. The role of Fusarium mycotoxins in seedling infection of soybeans, wheat and maize. [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2015. Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/14676

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of California – Berkeley

30. Sharlach, Molly. Mapping and Identification of the RXopJ4 Resistance Gene and the Search for New Sources of Durable Resistance to Bacterial Spot Disease of Tomato.

Degree: Microbiology, 2013, University of California – Berkeley

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1zx6v1gg

► Bacterial spot of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a devastating disease that severely limits yields in important tomato-growing regions, including the southeastern United States, where the… (more)

▼ Bacterial spot of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a devastating disease that severely limits yields in important tomato-growing regions, including the southeastern United States, where the predominant bacterial spot pathogen species is Xanthomonas perforans. Attempts to control the disease with antibiotics and copper-based pesticides have led to the selection of bacterial strains that are resistant to these treatments. Therefore, we turn to genetic sources of resistance as a sustainable path to reduce crop losses to bacterial spot disease.This work describes the fine mapping and identification of the RXopJ4 disease resistance locus from the wild tomato relative Solanum pennellii LA716. RXopJ4 resistance depends on recognition of the X. perforans type III effector protein XopJ4. We developed a collection of fourteen molecular markers to map on a segregating F2 population from a cross between the susceptible parent S. lycopersicum FL8000 and the resistant parent RXopJ4 8000 OC7. In the F2 population, a 190-kb segment on chromosome 6 cosegregated with resistance. This fine mapping enabled the identification of three RXopJ4 candidate genes, all of which encode putative intracellular serine-threonine protein kinases. Transient coexpression of the XopJ4 effector with each kinase revealed a promising RXopJ4 candidate gene that triggered a hypersensitive response (HR) in Nicotiana benthamiana. Mutations in both XopJ4 and RXopJ4 identified conserved residues required for recognition and the induction of a hypersensitive cell death phenotype. Homozygous transgenic tomato plants containing the RXopJ4 candidate gene have been constructed and will soon be evaluated for disease resistance.In addition, we undertook a genomic survey of fourteen X. perforans field isolates from all five fresh market tomato production zones of Florida, revealing a preliminary set of core type III effectors common to all isolates. We used this set of core effectors to inform a search for new sources of resistance to bacterial spot disease and identified accessions of Nicotiana and Solanum americanum that recognize core X. perforans effectors. Finally, we performed disease assays on 224 wild tomato accessions and found nine potential sources of bacterial spot disease resistance.

Subjects/Keywords: Plant pathology

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Sharlach, M. (2013). Mapping and Identification of the RXopJ4 Resistance Gene and the Search for New Sources of Durable Resistance to Bacterial Spot Disease of Tomato. (Thesis). University of California – Berkeley. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1zx6v1gg

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sharlach, Molly. “Mapping and Identification of the RXopJ4 Resistance Gene and the Search for New Sources of Durable Resistance to Bacterial Spot Disease of Tomato.” 2013. Thesis, University of California – Berkeley. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1zx6v1gg.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sharlach, Molly. “Mapping and Identification of the RXopJ4 Resistance Gene and the Search for New Sources of Durable Resistance to Bacterial Spot Disease of Tomato.” 2013. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Sharlach M. Mapping and Identification of the RXopJ4 Resistance Gene and the Search for New Sources of Durable Resistance to Bacterial Spot Disease of Tomato. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1zx6v1gg.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Sharlach M. Mapping and Identification of the RXopJ4 Resistance Gene and the Search for New Sources of Durable Resistance to Bacterial Spot Disease of Tomato. [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2013. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1zx6v1gg

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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