subject:(Plague)

Oregon State University

1. Hall, Alice. Plague in London : a case study of the biological and social pressures exerted by 300 years of yersinia pestis.

Degree: MA, History of Science, 2008, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/8705

► The Second Pandemic had a profound impact on the people of Europe. In the few years between 1347 and 1350, a new epidemic disease spread… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: plague; Plague – England – History

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hall, A. (2008). Plague in London : a case study of the biological and social pressures exerted by 300 years of yersinia pestis. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/8705

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hall, Alice. “Plague in London : a case study of the biological and social pressures exerted by 300 years of yersinia pestis.” 2008. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/8705.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hall, Alice. “Plague in London : a case study of the biological and social pressures exerted by 300 years of yersinia pestis.” 2008. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Hall A. Plague in London : a case study of the biological and social pressures exerted by 300 years of yersinia pestis. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 2008. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/8705.

Council of Science Editors:

Hall A. Plague in London : a case study of the biological and social pressures exerted by 300 years of yersinia pestis. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/8705

Texas A&M University

2. Kofahl, Meko. Late Antique Plague Ships: Sixth-Century C.E. Trade Routes and Their Role in Transmitting the Justinianic Plague.

Degree: MA, Anthropology, 2013, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151081

► The major European epidemic of bubonic plague in the sixth century C.E. – named for the ruling Byzantine emperor, Justinian – devastated the empire at… (more)

▼ The major European epidemic of bubonic plague in the sixth century C.E. – named for the ruling Byzantine emperor, Justinian – devastated the empire at the same time that outside pressures in the form of Goths, Vandals, Persians and others were also eroding the territory held by the Byzantines. While far less documentation survives the period between 550-750 C.E. than does for the periods before and after, we do have numerous references to specific plague outbreaks with which it is possible to reconstruct a transmission path and timeline. The combination of geographical information systems (GIS) tools, literary references, modern archaeological finds and DNA analysis of excavated sixth-century C.E. graves creates an opportunity past researchers of this plague have not had for linking individual outbreaks. Synthesizing this data gives us a more detailed path of transmission than has previously been available and more clearly illustrates the relationships between various cities and countries through which the plague moved during the epidemic. Although several authors have done outstanding work tracing the path of the plague through specific regions, no prior work has combined all known literary references to the Justinianic plague for the specific purpose of mapping its course. This thesis attempts to do just that by combining the plague outbreak information with trading data, evidence from shipwrecks, ancient road information, archaeological finds, and other materials to present a plausible transmission scenario. This synthesis reveals, in many cases, a startlingly clear relationship between cities during phases of the epidemic. While epidemiological work has strongly suggested that waterborne transmission was required for the speed of the spread, it is evident when all available information is mapped. Holes in our information are similarly highlighted, and present opportunities for focused plague-related research and/or excavation. This thesis presents a fresh look at old data, but also opens the door for new questions and lines of inquiry. Advisors/Committee Members: Wachsmann, Shelley (advisor), Castro, Filipe (committee member), Schwarz, Daniel (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Justinianic Plague; Byzantine

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kofahl, M. (2013). Late Antique Plague Ships: Sixth-Century C.E. Trade Routes and Their Role in Transmitting the Justinianic Plague. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151081

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kofahl, Meko. “Late Antique Plague Ships: Sixth-Century C.E. Trade Routes and Their Role in Transmitting the Justinianic Plague.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151081.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kofahl, Meko. “Late Antique Plague Ships: Sixth-Century C.E. Trade Routes and Their Role in Transmitting the Justinianic Plague.” 2013. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Kofahl M. Late Antique Plague Ships: Sixth-Century C.E. Trade Routes and Their Role in Transmitting the Justinianic Plague. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151081.

Council of Science Editors:

Kofahl M. Late Antique Plague Ships: Sixth-Century C.E. Trade Routes and Their Role in Transmitting the Justinianic Plague. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151081

University of Edinburgh

3. Streeter, Richard Thomas. Tephrochronology, landscape and population : impacts of plague on medieval Iceland.

Degree: PhD, 2012, University of Edinburgh

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6181

► This thesis examines the extent to which geomorphological change in sub-arctic landscapes may be driven by rapid declines in population over timescales of decades to… (more)

▼ This thesis examines the extent to which geomorphological change in sub-arctic landscapes may be driven by rapid declines in population over timescales of decades to centuries. Demographic decline driven by disease in pastoral agricultural systems is expected to alter patterns of land use. Using a chronology with 20 visible dated tephra layers from AD 870 to present, 2625 tephra layers were identified in 200 sediment profiles. Rates of sediment accumulation dated by tephra provide a record of erosion in Skaftártunga, South Iceland. The scale of enquiry is that of individual landholdings (5–10 km2) over decades to centuries; in order to tackle questions of resilience and change within coupled socio-ecological systems larger and smaller spatial scales (regions of 400 km2 and individual sediment profiles) and longer and shorter temporal scales (2.6 ka and years to decades) are also considered. The novel application of photogrammetric techniques to recording stratigraphic sections increases the frequency of measurement from tens to hundreds per stratigraphic unit and the resolution from ±2.5 mm to ±1 mm. This technique improves the accuracy of representative measures of sediment accumulation and their use in measuring landscape change. Two little known 15th century AD Grímsvötn tephras are mapped and dated to AD 1432±5 and AD 1457± 5 using sediment accumulation rates. A period of landscape stability from AD 1389–1597 is consistent with reduced grazing pressure due to population declines of more than 30% after plague in AD 1402–1404 and AD 1494. Climatic deterioration from AD 1450-1500 does not increase erosion as much as expected; this may be due to decreased grazing pressure after population decline in the 15th century. Increased erosion from AD 935–1262 is related to woodland clearance and increases in sediment accumulation post AD 1625 are related to climatic cooling during the Little Ice age and the migration of erosion fronts into deep lowland sediments.

Subjects/Keywords: 910.9; tephrochronology; plague; soil erosion

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APA (6^th Edition):

Streeter, R. T. (2012). Tephrochronology, landscape and population : impacts of plague on medieval Iceland. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Edinburgh. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6181

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Streeter, Richard Thomas. “Tephrochronology, landscape and population : impacts of plague on medieval Iceland.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Edinburgh. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6181.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Streeter, Richard Thomas. “Tephrochronology, landscape and population : impacts of plague on medieval Iceland.” 2012. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Streeter RT. Tephrochronology, landscape and population : impacts of plague on medieval Iceland. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Edinburgh; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6181.

Council of Science Editors:

Streeter RT. Tephrochronology, landscape and population : impacts of plague on medieval Iceland. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Edinburgh; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6181

Louisiana State University

4. DesOrmeaux, Anna Louise. The Black Death and its effect on fourteenth- and fifteenth-century art.

Degree: MA, Arts and Humanities, 2007, Louisiana State University

URL: etd-04112007-094810 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/1641

► In early October of 1347, ships from Caffa docked at the port of Messina in Sicily. The traders brought with them a fierce plague that… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: plague; art

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APA (6^th Edition):

DesOrmeaux, A. L. (2007). The Black Death and its effect on fourteenth- and fifteenth-century art. (Masters Thesis). Louisiana State University. Retrieved from etd-04112007-094810 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/1641

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

DesOrmeaux, Anna Louise. “The Black Death and its effect on fourteenth- and fifteenth-century art.” 2007. Masters Thesis, Louisiana State University. Accessed March 07, 2021. etd-04112007-094810 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/1641.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

DesOrmeaux, Anna Louise. “The Black Death and its effect on fourteenth- and fifteenth-century art.” 2007. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

DesOrmeaux AL. The Black Death and its effect on fourteenth- and fifteenth-century art. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Louisiana State University; 2007. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: etd-04112007-094810 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/1641.

Council of Science Editors:

DesOrmeaux AL. The Black Death and its effect on fourteenth- and fifteenth-century art. [Masters Thesis]. Louisiana State University; 2007. Available from: etd-04112007-094810 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/1641

5. Sichone, Joseph. Estimating the basic reproduction number for the 2015 Nyimba district bubonic plague outbreak.

Degree: 2020, University of Zimbabwe

URL: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/6720

► Plague is a re-emerging flea-borne infectious disease of global importance and in recent years Zambia has periodically experienced increased incidence of bubonic plague outbreaks. However,… (more)

▼ Plague is a re-emerging flea-borne infectious disease of global importance and in recent years Zambia has periodically experienced increased incidence of bubonic plague outbreaks. However, there are currently no studies in the country that provide a quantitative assessment of the ability of the disease to spread during these outbreaks. This limits our understanding of the epidemiology of the disease especially for planning and implementing quantifiable and cost-effective control measures. To fill this gap, the basic reproduction number, Ro, for bubonic plague was estimated in this study. Ro is the average number of secondary infections arising from a single infectious individual during their infectious period in an entirely susceptible population. It gives a quantitative measure of the transmissibility of an infectious disease in the population and it is used to estimate the expected magnitude and extent of spread for an infectious disease outbreak. More importantly, Ro is used to guide the magnitude of control measures that will be required to control the disease. Secondary epidemic data from the most recent 2015 Nyimba district bubonic plague outbreak in Zambia was analyzed. Ro was estimated as a function of the average epidemic doubling time based on the initial exponential growth rate of the outbreak and the average infectious period for bubonic plague. Ro was estimated to range between 1.5599 [95% CI: 1.382 - 1.7378] and 1.9332 [95% CI: 1.6366 - 2.2297], with average 1.7465 [95% CI: 1.5093 - 1.9838]. Further, an SIR deterministic mathematical model was derived for this infection and this estimated Ro to be about 1.4 to 1.5, which was within the range estimated above considering the 95% confidence interval. This estimated Ro for bubonic plague is an indication that each bubonic plague case can typically give rise to almost two new cases during these outbreaks. This Ro estimate can now be used to quantitatively analyze and develop measurable interventions against future plague outbreaks in Zambia. For example, based on the average Ro estimate in this study, a minimum mass treatment rate of about 43% would be enough to prevent the disease spread in such high risk populations in the country.

Subjects/Keywords: Plague – Zambia; Public health – Zambia

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sichone, J. (2020). Estimating the basic reproduction number for the 2015 Nyimba district bubonic plague outbreak. (Thesis). University of Zimbabwe. Retrieved from http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/6720

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sichone, Joseph. “Estimating the basic reproduction number for the 2015 Nyimba district bubonic plague outbreak.” 2020. Thesis, University of Zimbabwe. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/6720.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sichone, Joseph. “Estimating the basic reproduction number for the 2015 Nyimba district bubonic plague outbreak.” 2020. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Sichone J. Estimating the basic reproduction number for the 2015 Nyimba district bubonic plague outbreak. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Zimbabwe; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/6720.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Sichone J. Estimating the basic reproduction number for the 2015 Nyimba district bubonic plague outbreak. [Thesis]. University of Zimbabwe; 2020. Available from: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/6720

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

6. Zhou, Hongxing. Work methods and procedures for plague surveillance and control in South Africa.

Degree: MTech, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2006, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/649

► Plague is a classic zoonosis caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and is subject to the International Health Regulations, 1969. In the last two millennia,… (more)

▼ Plague is a classic zoonosis caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and is subject to the International Health Regulations, 1969. In the last two millennia, plague has become widespread, with three pandemics occurring in the 6th, 14th and 20th centuries. Currently, plague outbreaks and epidemics still occur worldwide. This study attempts to develop formal work methods and procedures for plague surveillance and control by environmental health practitioners as a strategy to ensure that field data can be integrated within the municipal, provincial and national spheres of government. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive, inductive and deductive research design was followed. A documentary research approach was employed as the primary method of data collection. To obtain additional information, both semi-structured personal interviews and physical observations during plague surveillance were adopted by the researcher. The organisational structure of the health care system in South Africa was analysed to identify and explain the role and functions of relevant decision-makers related to the surveillance and control of plague within the different spheres of government. Legislative measures regarding plague surveillance and control were also presented. As a prerequisite for the development of work methods and procedures for plague surveillance and control, the epidemiology of plague was discussed with emphasis on the distribution and characteristics of the disease in South Africa. Important rodent reservoirs and flea vectors of plague in South Africa were identified. Clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of plague were described and discussed. Within this qualitative study an attempt has been made to develop work methods (xiii) and procedures for plague surveillance and control in South Africa. Relevant field data forms to be used during plague surveillance and control strategies were also developed. Recommendations emanating from the study can be found in the final chapter Advisors/Committee Members: Maarschalk, H J Dr.

Subjects/Keywords: Plague – South Africa; Plague – Vaccination

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APA (6^th Edition):

Zhou, H. (2006). Work methods and procedures for plague surveillance and control in South Africa. (Masters Thesis). Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10948/649

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zhou, Hongxing. “Work methods and procedures for plague surveillance and control in South Africa.” 2006. Masters Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/649.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zhou, Hongxing. “Work methods and procedures for plague surveillance and control in South Africa.” 2006. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Zhou H. Work methods and procedures for plague surveillance and control in South Africa. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2006. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/649.

Council of Science Editors:

Zhou H. Work methods and procedures for plague surveillance and control in South Africa. [Masters Thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2006. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/649

McMaster University

7. Tapson, Madeline. An Analysis of Rodent Reservoirs of Plague During the Second Pandemic: Shifting Focus Towards a Multi-host and Multi-mechanism Model of Plague Maintenance and Reintroduction in the Past.

Degree: MA, 2020, McMaster University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/25297

►

The second pandemic persisted for 500 years throughout Europe and some regions of Africa and Asia and far surpasses the first and third pandemics in… (more)

▼

The second pandemic persisted for 500 years throughout Europe and some regions of Africa and Asia and far surpasses the first and third pandemics in terms of temporal and spatial breadth. It is still unclear what mechanisms facilitated the long-term maintenance and continued disease reintroductions experienced during the second pandemic. Many researchers believe it was the spread of plague infected Rattus spp. via trade routes, while others are beginning to support a model that reflects modern plague ecology such that plague was maintained in local rodent reservoirs in the Mediterranean region or Europe following its 14th century introduction. This study accumulated a list of rodent species known to host plague and analyzed host characteristics to determine what traits allow rodents to function as successful reservoir species. In addition, this study analyzed the ancient DNA within rodent remains in search of Yersinia pestis to add to the history of the pathogen. The results of this study demonstrate that there are 45 non-Rattus rodent species known to host plague within a modern context. Although ancient Y. pestis DNA was not identified from zooarchaeological remains within this study, it is clear that rodent reservoirs were key players in past plague pandemics. When viewed through the lens of a single model (i.e. trade routes or human-ectoparasites), several questions about past plague maintenance remain unanswered. This study shows that a more complex composite model is best fit to describe the 500-year reign of the second pandemic and the quiescent periods that extended between the cyclical disease reintroductions. This study presents the first comprehensive, interactive, and publicly available online database of rodent reservoirs to aid in future research and emphasizes the need to investigate a multi-mechanism model of plague maintenance and reintroduction in the past. With this research we facilitated a starting point for future studies, expanded the current knowledge on rodent reservoirs of plague, and contributed a valuable discussion to the field of plague studies on regions that have thus far gone underserved in plague studies, such as the Mediterranean littoral.

Thesis

Master of Arts (MA)

Advisors/Committee Members: Poinar, Hendrik, Anthropology.

Subjects/Keywords: Plague; second pandemic; Mediterranean littoral; rodent reservoirs

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tapson, M. (2020). An Analysis of Rodent Reservoirs of Plague During the Second Pandemic: Shifting Focus Towards a Multi-host and Multi-mechanism Model of Plague Maintenance and Reintroduction in the Past. (Masters Thesis). McMaster University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11375/25297

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tapson, Madeline. “An Analysis of Rodent Reservoirs of Plague During the Second Pandemic: Shifting Focus Towards a Multi-host and Multi-mechanism Model of Plague Maintenance and Reintroduction in the Past.” 2020. Masters Thesis, McMaster University. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11375/25297.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tapson, Madeline. “An Analysis of Rodent Reservoirs of Plague During the Second Pandemic: Shifting Focus Towards a Multi-host and Multi-mechanism Model of Plague Maintenance and Reintroduction in the Past.” 2020. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Tapson M. An Analysis of Rodent Reservoirs of Plague During the Second Pandemic: Shifting Focus Towards a Multi-host and Multi-mechanism Model of Plague Maintenance and Reintroduction in the Past. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. McMaster University; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/25297.

Council of Science Editors:

Tapson M. An Analysis of Rodent Reservoirs of Plague During the Second Pandemic: Shifting Focus Towards a Multi-host and Multi-mechanism Model of Plague Maintenance and Reintroduction in the Past. [Masters Thesis]. McMaster University; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/25297

8. Fischer, Colby J. Unequal Implementation: The Impact of Government Anti-Plague Policies on the London Poor in 1665.

Degree: History, 2017, University of Vermont

URL: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses/178

► 1665 would be the year of London’s deadliest outbreak of plague which would shortly thereafter be known as the Great Plague. The Great Plague… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Plague; Quarantine

…to man not only contributed to the failure to successfully combat the plague but also added… …the plague, physicians and medical science rather than spiritual assistance were the basis… …plague in London demonstrates the social stratification and increasing social stratification… …improved hygiene while also 18 Shrewsbury. Bubonic Plague in the British Isles. 127-128… …Shrewsbury. Bubonic Plague in the British Isles. 124. 20 Charles F. Mullett, The Bubonic Plague and…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Fischer, C. J. (2017). Unequal Implementation: The Impact of Government Anti-Plague Policies on the London Poor in 1665. (Thesis). University of Vermont. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses/178

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fischer, Colby J. “Unequal Implementation: The Impact of Government Anti-Plague Policies on the London Poor in 1665.” 2017. Thesis, University of Vermont. Accessed March 07, 2021. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses/178.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fischer, Colby J. “Unequal Implementation: The Impact of Government Anti-Plague Policies on the London Poor in 1665.” 2017. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Fischer CJ. Unequal Implementation: The Impact of Government Anti-Plague Policies on the London Poor in 1665. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Vermont; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses/178.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Fischer CJ. Unequal Implementation: The Impact of Government Anti-Plague Policies on the London Poor in 1665. [Thesis]. University of Vermont; 2017. Available from: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses/178

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Zambia

9. Sinyangwe, Musenga Lottie. Uptake of prevention and control measures of plague: a post-plague outbreaks case-study of Sinda District,Zambia .

Degree: 2017, University of Zambia

URL: http://dspace.unza.zm:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5272

► Zambia’s recent plague outbreaks in 2001 and 2007 were of great public health concern because of the potential to cause devastating social, environmental and economic… (more)

▼ Zambia’s recent plague outbreaks in 2001 and 2007 were of great public health concern because of the potential to cause devastating social, environmental and economic effects in the country. Plague is a virulent vector-borne zoonotic disease caused by Yersinia pestis and has potential to infect humans and cause fatalities in 50 to 100 percent of cases if left untreated. The disease is known to have had reduced the world population in the 14th century from an estimated 450 million down to near 350 million. Consequently, plague remains a global public health threat. As an active plague foci, Sinda District remains under alert for subsequent outbreaks. Effective efforts on prevention and control of plague requires targeted approaches designed on the basis of adequate information on determinants of the uptake of plague prevention and control measures (PCM). This study, therefore, was conducted on the premise of understanding factors that determine uptake of PCM. The study involved a cross-sectional survey design where two villages (Nyanje and Nsato) where purposively selected before the selection of 178 households using multistage sampling. From each household, a respondent (head of household or knowledgeable elderly person) was interviewed. Additionally, two key informants’ interviews and one focus group discussion supplemented information. The significance of explanatory variables influencing the uptake of PCM was determined using multiple logistic regression analysis in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) with statistical significance set at P≤ 0.05. The study population comprised mainly of female (61 percent). Majority (52 percent) are indigenous to the study area. With only 43 percent having attained only primary education, most of the study participants depend on faming and trading (43 and 50 percent respectively) for their livelihoods. Multiple logistic regression showed significant associations between literacy; sources of livelihoods; knowledge and perceptions (about plague and measures); source of information about plague outbreaks and the uptake of PCM. Participants who attained at least primary level of education are 79 percent likely to take up PCM than those who have never been to school. It is further established that farming as a source of income reduces odds of taking up PCM by 1 percent compared to 84 percent likelihood of taking up PCM when trading is a source of income. The odds of taking up PCM are positive with knowledge about plague and radio as source of information about outbreaks. However, demographic characteristics are not associated with uptake of PCM. The study has established that socio-economic factors such as education, source of livelihoods, source of information and perceptions about plague outbreaks are key determinants of the uptake of PCM. This in particular recommends design of strategies that will cogitate the significant effect of these key determinants.

Subjects/Keywords: Plague – Prevention – Zambia; Rats – Control – Zambia

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sinyangwe, M. L. (2017). Uptake of prevention and control measures of plague: a post-plague outbreaks case-study of Sinda District,Zambia . (Thesis). University of Zambia. Retrieved from http://dspace.unza.zm:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5272

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sinyangwe, Musenga Lottie. “Uptake of prevention and control measures of plague: a post-plague outbreaks case-study of Sinda District,Zambia .” 2017. Thesis, University of Zambia. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://dspace.unza.zm:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5272.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sinyangwe, Musenga Lottie. “Uptake of prevention and control measures of plague: a post-plague outbreaks case-study of Sinda District,Zambia .” 2017. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Sinyangwe ML. Uptake of prevention and control measures of plague: a post-plague outbreaks case-study of Sinda District,Zambia . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Zambia; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://dspace.unza.zm:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5272.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Sinyangwe ML. Uptake of prevention and control measures of plague: a post-plague outbreaks case-study of Sinda District,Zambia . [Thesis]. University of Zambia; 2017. Available from: http://dspace.unza.zm:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5272

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Colorado State University

10. Graham, Christine B. Identifying blood meals in cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) from a plague-endemic region of Uganda using a SYBR Green real-time polymerase chain reaction-based assay.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, 2012, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/67878

► A zoonotic disease that has killed millions over the course of at least three pandemics, plague remains a threat in regions where the etiologic agent,… (more)

▼ A zoonotic disease that has killed millions over the course of at least three pandemics, plague remains a threat in regions where the etiologic agent, Yersinia pestis, persists in natural cycles involving small mammals and their fleas. Numerous flea species have been implicated as Y. pestis vectors, and some provide a "bridge" from zoonotic hosts to humans, particularly during the epizootics that decimate susceptible small mammal populations. In order to serve as a bridging vector, a flea species must be able to transmit Y. pestis, it must feed on infectious zoonotic hosts, and it must feed on humans. Identifying bridging vector species in plague-endemic regions can aid in the development of vector-control activities aimed at reducing the incidence of human plague. The West Nile region is an established plague focus in northwest Uganda. Since 1999, more than 2400 suspect human plague cases have been reported from Vurra and Okoro counties. The most likely source of infection for humans in this region is the black rat, Rattus rattus, which commonly infests human habitations and is highly susceptible to Y. pestis infection. Other potential zoonotic hosts include other rodent and shrew species that predominate in the peridomestic environment and occasionally enter huts. Two rat flea species, Xenopsylla cheopis and X. brasiliensis, both among the most efficient flea vectors of Y. pestis, are very likely to serve as bridging vectors to humans in Vurra and Okoro counties. Recent investigations, however, have found that the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis, comprises more than 88% of host-seeking (off-host) fleas captured in huts in this region. Though an inefficient vector, this species is capable of transmitting Y. pestis. Given its dominance in human habitations and its catholic feeding habits in other regions, we hypothesized that C. felis might serve as a secondary bridging vector in Vurra and Okoro counties. In order to address this hypothesis, we sought to determine what proportion of blood meals in off-host cat fleas collected in huts in this region come from humans, and what proportion come from potentially-infectious small mammal species. Blood meal assays have long been used to examine the feeding behavior of a wide variety of disease vectors, but existing blood meal assays were deemed inadequate for our purposes because they were either not sensitive enough to detect the very small amounts of host DNA in field-collected fleas, or they were unable to capture the wide range of potential cat flea hosts in the West Nile region. Therefore, we developed a blood meal assay that takes advantage of the exquisite sensitivity of SYBR Green I-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and combines it with the specificity and flexibility afforded by sequencing. We found that this highly-sensitive assay was subject to human DNA contamination, so we analyzed vertebrate DNA detection in artificially-fed and unfed fleas to establish a threshold cycle (Ct) cutoff that would optimize specificity without completely sacrificing… Advisors/Committee Members: Black, William C. (advisor), Eisen, Rebecca J. (committee member), Karkhoff-Schweizer, RoxAnn R. (committee member), Huyvaert, Kathryn P. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: blood meal assay; Uganda; plague; flea

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APA (6^th Edition):

Graham, C. B. (2012). Identifying blood meals in cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) from a plague-endemic region of Uganda using a SYBR Green real-time polymerase chain reaction-based assay. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/67878

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Graham, Christine B. “Identifying blood meals in cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) from a plague-endemic region of Uganda using a SYBR Green real-time polymerase chain reaction-based assay.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/67878.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Graham, Christine B. “Identifying blood meals in cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) from a plague-endemic region of Uganda using a SYBR Green real-time polymerase chain reaction-based assay.” 2012. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Graham CB. Identifying blood meals in cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) from a plague-endemic region of Uganda using a SYBR Green real-time polymerase chain reaction-based assay. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/67878.

Council of Science Editors:

Graham CB. Identifying blood meals in cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) from a plague-endemic region of Uganda using a SYBR Green real-time polymerase chain reaction-based assay. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/67878

University of Exeter

11. Minardi, Diana. Development of new genome-informed genotyping tools for Aphanomyces astaci.

Degree: PhD, 2017, University of Exeter

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10871/30137

► Aphanomyces spp. are water moulds, eukaryotic fungus-like organisms, belonging to the class Oomycota. This genus contains primary pathogens of plants and animals as well as… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: 570; Aphanomyces astaci; Crayfish plague; Genotyping

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APA (6^th Edition):

Minardi, D. (2017). Development of new genome-informed genotyping tools for Aphanomyces astaci. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Exeter. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10871/30137

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Minardi, Diana. “Development of new genome-informed genotyping tools for Aphanomyces astaci.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Exeter. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/30137.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Minardi, Diana. “Development of new genome-informed genotyping tools for Aphanomyces astaci.” 2017. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Minardi D. Development of new genome-informed genotyping tools for Aphanomyces astaci. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Exeter; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10871/30137.

Council of Science Editors:

Minardi D. Development of new genome-informed genotyping tools for Aphanomyces astaci. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Exeter; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10871/30137

University of Missouri – Columbia

12. Lee-Lewis, Hanni. Characterization of the pigmentation locus in Yersinia pestis pathogenesis of pneumonic plague.

Degree: 2011, University of Missouri – Columbia

URL: https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/14515

► [ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] The extreme virulence of Yersinia pestis in all three forms of plague disease is… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: virulence factor; siderophore; bioterrorism; plague; pigmentation locus

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lee-Lewis, H. (2011). Characterization of the pigmentation locus in Yersinia pestis pathogenesis of pneumonic plague. (Thesis). University of Missouri – Columbia. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/14515

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lee-Lewis, Hanni. “Characterization of the pigmentation locus in Yersinia pestis pathogenesis of pneumonic plague.” 2011. Thesis, University of Missouri – Columbia. Accessed March 07, 2021. https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/14515.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lee-Lewis, Hanni. “Characterization of the pigmentation locus in Yersinia pestis pathogenesis of pneumonic plague.” 2011. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Lee-Lewis H. Characterization of the pigmentation locus in Yersinia pestis pathogenesis of pneumonic plague. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Missouri – Columbia; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/14515.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Lee-Lewis H. Characterization of the pigmentation locus in Yersinia pestis pathogenesis of pneumonic plague. [Thesis]. University of Missouri – Columbia; 2011. Available from: https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/14515

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

The Ohio State University

13. Schnell, Gene Wheeler. Studies on Pasteurella pestis and some of the factors involved in capsule elaboration.

Degree: PhD, Graduate School, 1957, The Ohio State University

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486394933908086

Subjects/Keywords: Biology; Plague; Vaccines

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APA (6^th Edition):

Schnell, G. W. (1957). Studies on Pasteurella pestis and some of the factors involved in capsule elaboration. (Doctoral Dissertation). The Ohio State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486394933908086

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Schnell, Gene Wheeler. “Studies on Pasteurella pestis and some of the factors involved in capsule elaboration.” 1957. Doctoral Dissertation, The Ohio State University. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486394933908086.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Schnell, Gene Wheeler. “Studies on Pasteurella pestis and some of the factors involved in capsule elaboration.” 1957. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Schnell GW. Studies on Pasteurella pestis and some of the factors involved in capsule elaboration. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 1957. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486394933908086.

Council of Science Editors:

Schnell GW. Studies on Pasteurella pestis and some of the factors involved in capsule elaboration. [Doctoral Dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 1957. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486394933908086

Colorado State University

14. Ames, Abbe D. DDT and pyrethroid resistance in Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothschild), the Oriental rat flea in northern Uganda.

Degree: PhD, Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, 2011, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/48217

► Development of insecticide resistance by vectors of disease is a well-recognized and continuous concern for public health officials. Monitoring insects for development of resistance to… (more)

▼ Development of insecticide resistance by vectors of disease is a well-recognized and continuous concern for public health officials. Monitoring insects for development of resistance to the chosen toxicants is part of effective management philosophy. Several programs to control mosquito vectors of malaria utilize insecticides with similar modes of action targeting the insect. Fleas can vector plague and in many areas inhabit the same environment that is the focus of mosquito management. Non-target insect development of resistance is a phenomenon most commonly associated with agriculture, but can also apply to insect vectors that threaten public health. Rapid and effective methods of monitoring for the possible development of insecticide resistance in fleas are important measures taken to prevent or suppress a plague outbreak. This study describes the development and application of a new field assay for evaluating phenotypic demonstration of insecticide resistance in fleas, results of biochemical analyses performed to evaluate possible development of metabolic detoxification pathways, and the subsequent elucidation of the para voltage gated sodium channel gene in Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothschild) with concurrent analyses of the prevalence and effects of knockdown (kdr) mutations in the gene. The field assay used a glass Petri dish coated with a dose of a chosen insecticide and a time mortality assay that was performed for 60 minutes. Discriminating concentrations, established on colony reared fleas, was tested on field collected fleas in northern Uganda. Fleas from villages with a history of indoor residual spraying (IRS) of DDT and /or pyrethroid were tested with those insecticides and significant increased survival was demonstrated. Phenotypic resistance to DDT was demonstrated with an 81.8% survivorship. Lambda-cyhalothrin tested fleas from three villages demonstrated phenotypic resistance of levels of 57.7%, 60.5%, and 58% survivorship. Enzyme profiles indicated increased levels of expression of α-esterase and β-esterase in field caught fleas compared to colony-reared fleas. Fleas potentially exposed to DDT and/or pyrethroids had higher levels than did unexposed fleas. An increase in insensitive acetylcholinesterase was found in fleas from villages with no known history of IRS. No increase in glutathione S-transferase was noted in any population. The para voltage gated sodium channel gene for X. cheopis was amplified and sequences for colony and Ugandan fleas were analyzed with emphasis on knockdown resistance (kdr) evolution in the fleas. Extensive evidences of selective pressures influencing genetic profiles of kdr development faster than expected for random mutation or recombination were found. The phenylalanine allele, associated with kdr, was found at an average of 95.1% frequency in villages with an IRS history. Field caught fleas with no known insecticide exposure had an allele frequency of 13.3%. All three studies clearly indicate resistance is developing quickly in Ugandan flea populations and… Advisors/Committee Members: Black, William C., IV (advisor), Gage, Kenneth L. (advisor), McAllister, Janet C. (committee member), Kondratieff, Boris C. (committee member), Cole, Patricia A. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: fleas; bioassay; insecticide resistance; kdr; plague; Uganda

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ames, A. D. (2011). DDT and pyrethroid resistance in Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothschild), the Oriental rat flea in northern Uganda. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/48217

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ames, Abbe D. “DDT and pyrethroid resistance in Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothschild), the Oriental rat flea in northern Uganda.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado State University. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/48217.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ames, Abbe D. “DDT and pyrethroid resistance in Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothschild), the Oriental rat flea in northern Uganda.” 2011. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Ames AD. DDT and pyrethroid resistance in Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothschild), the Oriental rat flea in northern Uganda. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/48217.

Council of Science Editors:

Ames AD. DDT and pyrethroid resistance in Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothschild), the Oriental rat flea in northern Uganda. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/48217

Rutgers University

15. Creviston, Alice, 1991-. Economic, social, and geographical explanations of how Poland avoided the black death.

Degree: MA, History, 2015, Rutgers University

URL: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/47644/

► This paper seeks to explore the reasons as to why Poland may or may not have escaped the Black Death. The reasons can be broken… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Black Death – History; Plague – History; Poland – History

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APA (6^th Edition):

Creviston, Alice, 1. (2015). Economic, social, and geographical explanations of how Poland avoided the black death. (Masters Thesis). Rutgers University. Retrieved from https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/47644/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Creviston, Alice, 1991-. “Economic, social, and geographical explanations of how Poland avoided the black death.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Rutgers University. Accessed March 07, 2021. https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/47644/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Creviston, Alice, 1991-. “Economic, social, and geographical explanations of how Poland avoided the black death.” 2015. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Creviston, Alice 1. Economic, social, and geographical explanations of how Poland avoided the black death. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Rutgers University; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/47644/.

Council of Science Editors:

Creviston, Alice 1. Economic, social, and geographical explanations of how Poland avoided the black death. [Masters Thesis]. Rutgers University; 2015. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/47644/

University of Cape Town

16. Truter, Elsie. Plague in the Graeco-Roman world, 430 B.C.-A.D. 600.

Degree: Image, Classical Studies, 1988, University of Cape Town

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17682

► This dissertation concerns itself with the study of epidemics between 430 B.C. - A.D. 600, in an attempt to find positive evidence for the existence… (more)

▼ This dissertation concerns itself with the study of epidemics between 430 B.C. - A.D. 600, in an attempt to find positive evidence for the existence of bubonic plague in the ancient world. Most major studies on the Black Death have concerned themselves with the great pandemics of the Middle Ages and none (to my knowledge), have systematically examined the ancient records for earlier evidence of the disease. The time period chosen for this study, from the Athenian Plague to the Plague of Justinian, contains some relatively well documented epidemics, which has made it possible, in some cases, to identify the disease. Plague is a complicated disease, dependent on numerous factors for its successful spread, but few historians have considered this. The word 'plague' was loosely used in ancient texts to denote any epidemic disease with a high mortality rate and not a specific microbial infection. Most historians however translate 'plague' as bubonic plague and make no attempt at a medical analysis of the symptoms given by a particular author. The point of this dissertation is to examine the ancient epidemics from a medical as well as a historical angle. Our evidence for the existence of epidemic diseases comes from a variety of sources, and these are examined. Sculptures and frescoes show numerous chronic and acute disorders. Human remains have shown evidence of certain diseases, while animal and parasitic remains have helped to confirm the existence of certain species instrumental in the spread of a specific disease. However, written texts are the most reliable source for obtaining a detailed account of the symptoms and accurate interpretation of these texts is therefore important. To achieve this, the symptoms mentioned by an ancient author are compared and contrasted, through the use of tables, with the symptoms of some of the known infectious diseases of today. This dissertation will show that epidemics which were previously labelled plague could either not be identified as such, or were misdiagnosed. Evidence does point to the existence of bubonic plague in the ancient world, but it never reached epidemic proportions until A.D. 600. Advisors/Committee Members: Atkinson, John (advisor), Forder, A (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Plague - Rome - History; Plague - Greece - History

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APA (6^th Edition):

Truter, E. (1988). Plague in the Graeco-Roman world, 430 B.C.-A.D. 600. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17682

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Truter, Elsie. “Plague in the Graeco-Roman world, 430 B.C.-A.D. 600.” 1988. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17682.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Truter, Elsie. “Plague in the Graeco-Roman world, 430 B.C.-A.D. 600.” 1988. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Truter E. Plague in the Graeco-Roman world, 430 B.C.-A.D. 600. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 1988. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17682.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Truter E. Plague in the Graeco-Roman world, 430 B.C.-A.D. 600. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 1988. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17682

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Florida

17. Morris, Lillian. Informing Surveillance for the Lowland Plague Focus in Azerbaijan.

Degree: MS, Geography, 2013, University of Florida

URL: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0045491

► Yersinia pestis is a gram-negative,zoonotic pathogen that causes plague. Plague is maintained in nature through a transmission cycle between partially resistant rodent hosts and fleas. There are… (more)

▼ Yersinia pestis is a gram-negative,zoonotic pathogen that causes plague. Plague is maintained in nature through a transmission cycle between partially resistant rodent hosts and fleas. There are natural reservoirs on almost every continent, and the number of human plague cases has increased in recent years. Azerbaijan is a country at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and western Asia that has a history of environmental plague foci. Informing plague surveillance in this region is imperative due to the deteriorating public health system that resulted from the collapse of the Soviet Union. This study aims to prioritize regions for plague surveillance in Azerbaijan. A 14 year historic data set was employed to analyze the spatio-temporal pattern of the primary plague host in the country, Meriones libycus,using the Space Time Analysis of Moving Polygons method (STAMP). This method has the utility to identify areas that remained stable over time, which is meaningful when analyzing historic patterns. The relationship between stable M.libycus abundance and environmental variables including temperature,altitude, land cover type and annual precipitation was explored. Changes in human population density over the historic period to modern times were also analyzed. We were particularly interested in identifying increasing population trends in the area surrounding regions characterized by historically high M. libycus abundance,as the risk of human plague increases as humans come into close proximity with hosts and vectors. We found that there was variation in M. libycus abundance over the historic period, but regions of stability were identified. There are significantly different climatic and land cover conditions associated with different levels of abundance. The population in Azerbaijan has steadily increased over the past 30 years, including regions bordering plague foci. Surveillance should be prioritized for regions with historically stable high host abundance, regions with climaticconditions associated with high abundance, and regions with increasing populations surrounding plague foci. ( en ) Advisors/Committee Members: Blackburn, Jason K (committee chair), Mao, Liang (committee member), Binford, Michael William (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Diseases; Epidemics; Fleas; Land cover; Plague; Polygons; Precipitation; Rodents; School yearbooks; Surveillance; azerbaijan – plague

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APA (6^th Edition):

Morris, L. (2013). Informing Surveillance for the Lowland Plague Focus in Azerbaijan. (Masters Thesis). University of Florida. Retrieved from https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0045491

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Morris, Lillian. “Informing Surveillance for the Lowland Plague Focus in Azerbaijan.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of Florida. Accessed March 07, 2021. https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0045491.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Morris, Lillian. “Informing Surveillance for the Lowland Plague Focus in Azerbaijan.” 2013. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Morris L. Informing Surveillance for the Lowland Plague Focus in Azerbaijan. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Florida; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0045491.

Council of Science Editors:

Morris L. Informing Surveillance for the Lowland Plague Focus in Azerbaijan. [Masters Thesis]. University of Florida; 2013. Available from: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0045491

University of Michigan

18. Gear, Jennifer. Visualizing the 1630-31 Plague Epidemic in Early Modern Venice and the Veneto.

Degree: PhD, History of Art, 2018, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/144191

► In the summer of 1630 a catastrophic plague epidemic struck Venice and its subject cities in the Veneto region, killing around 100,000 inhabitants, disrupting travel… (more)

▼ In the summer of 1630 a catastrophic plague epidemic struck Venice and its subject cities in the Veneto region, killing around 100,000 inhabitants, disrupting travel and trade, and affecting all aspects of life over the course of its 18-month duration. In response to the outbreak, the Venetian State and other local governments and boards of health implemented widespread plague controls and other initiatives, such as quarantine, travel restrictions, and citywide prayers. The 1630-31 plague generated a rich visual and material culture, both during the epidemic and in its aftermath. Works related to this outbreak range from modest ex-votos created during the plague by individuals, to large-scale architectural and decorative campaigns designed as memorials to the tragedy, commissioned by the Venetian Senate, confraternities, and other social institutions. This dissertation explores the making and the efficacy of art associated with the 1630-31 plague in Venice and the Veneto. Building on iconographic conventions and motifs introduced during earlier plague epidemics, artists such as Domenico Tintoretto, Antonio Zanchi, and Giambattista Tiepolo took up the challenge of representing the plague visually. The imagery in altarpieces, votives, and confraternity halls emphasized disease-stricken bodies, ubiquitous body-removers (pizzigamorti), and timely sacred intercession by saintly protectors. A balance was struck between evoking the dire conditions of plague, affirming the power of the Venetian State to manage the epidemic, and instilling a sense of order in the community. In this way, visual art promoted social cohesion, countering the destabilization caused by the outbreak. In later memorials and retrospective works, the triumph over the 1630-31 plague became a topos used to characterize local civic and religious identities. Following the Introduction, Chapter 2 of this dissertation presents a timeline of the progression of the 1630-31 plague epidemic and introduces the most important social and religious institutions responding to plague in seicento Venice. Chapter 3 explores Venice’s two plague hospitals (lazzaretti), which operated continuously and exerted influence over life in Venice and its subject cities during plague epidemics and in times of general wellness. The second half of the dissertation offers detailed analyses of individual works of art representing the 1630-31 plague. Chapter 4 examines case studies of works of art that were created in Venice during the outbreak, addressing issues related to patronage and the challenges affecting art production during major outbreaks of plague. Topics include Venice’s relationship with its colonies in Dalmatia, and the common themes related to holy intercession that were shared across media, linking sacred music composed by Claudio Monteverdi to painted plague votives. The focus of Chapter 5 is Antonio Zanchi’s monumental painting created for the Scuola Grande di San Rocco in 1666, arguably the most extensive visualization of plague’s effects on a city in… Advisors/Committee Members: Holmes, Megan L (committee member), Mallette, Karla (committee member), Chatterjee, Paroma (committee member), Willette, Thomas Chauncy (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: plague art; Venice and the Veneto; Antonio Zanchi; Tintoretto; Tiepolo; plague hospital; Art History; Humanities (General); Arts; Humanities

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gear, J. (2018). Visualizing the 1630-31 Plague Epidemic in Early Modern Venice and the Veneto. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/144191

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gear, Jennifer. “Visualizing the 1630-31 Plague Epidemic in Early Modern Venice and the Veneto.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/144191.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gear, Jennifer. “Visualizing the 1630-31 Plague Epidemic in Early Modern Venice and the Veneto.” 2018. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Gear J. Visualizing the 1630-31 Plague Epidemic in Early Modern Venice and the Veneto. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/144191.

Council of Science Editors:

Gear J. Visualizing the 1630-31 Plague Epidemic in Early Modern Venice and the Veneto. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/144191

University of Ottawa

19. Jones, Lori. From Diseased Bodies to Disordered Bodies Politic: Rereading Medical Writing on the Plague in England and France, 14th–18th Centuries .

Degree: 2017, University of Ottawa

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36891

► Centuries of devastating, recurrent outbreaks made the plague the archetypical disease of late medieval and early modern societies. Yet explanations of where it came from… (more)

▼ Centuries of devastating, recurrent outbreaks made the plague the archetypical disease of late medieval and early modern societies. Yet explanations of where it came from changed significantly over time. This dissertation examines how portrayals of the plague’s origins and place in society evolved separately in England and France, from the fourteenth to the eighteenth centuries. It relies in particular on plague tracts, a long-lasting literary genre that offered standardized therapeutic and curative advice. Medical historians have studied these sources to trace the development of medical thinking and practice over time. This dissertation focuses instead on the tracts’ changing discourses about the nature of the plague that are unique to time and to place. The study elaborates a new analytical method to investigate the materiality and contents of these historical documents: it involves close reading and a codicological/bibliographical comparison of approximately 180 tracts in manuscript and printed form, set into their appropriate historical contexts. Tract producers influenced how the plague was understood locally. England’s centralised print industry fostered the idea that London was the de facto site and source of the disease; France’s diffused industry, by contrast, encouraged the discussion and tracking of outbreaks in multiple cities. Understanding of the plague’s origins also evolved: belief in malevolent celestial events gave way, in turn, to blaming unhealthy local landscapes, then the living conditions of the poor, and finally the Ottoman Empire. By the mid-seventeenth century, tract writers pointed to the Ottoman Empire as the historical and geographical source of the disease. Especially during the tumultuous sixteenth century, religious discord, dynastic factionalism, and incapable rulers also appeared in the tracts as causes and effects of the plague. Plague tracts are direct expressions and reflections of the short- and medium-term historical waves in which they appeared. It is possible to trace through them shifts in political, cultural, and intellectual worldviews. The spread of humanism in particular influenced how tract writers discussed the plague’s origins and influence in society. This study thus demonstrates that understanding disease is a cultural construct specific to time and place. Observing the unique aspects of plague tracts enhances our ability to understand the place of disease in past human societies.

Subjects/Keywords: Plague; Plague tracts; England; France; Black Death; Body politic; Cultural construct; History of the book; Medieval; Early modern; Ottoman Empire; Interdisciplinary

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jones, L. (2017). From Diseased Bodies to Disordered Bodies Politic: Rereading Medical Writing on the Plague in England and France, 14th–18th Centuries . (Thesis). University of Ottawa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36891

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jones, Lori. “From Diseased Bodies to Disordered Bodies Politic: Rereading Medical Writing on the Plague in England and France, 14th–18th Centuries .” 2017. Thesis, University of Ottawa. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36891.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jones, Lori. “From Diseased Bodies to Disordered Bodies Politic: Rereading Medical Writing on the Plague in England and France, 14th–18th Centuries .” 2017. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Jones L. From Diseased Bodies to Disordered Bodies Politic: Rereading Medical Writing on the Plague in England and France, 14th–18th Centuries . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36891.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Jones L. From Diseased Bodies to Disordered Bodies Politic: Rereading Medical Writing on the Plague in England and France, 14th–18th Centuries . [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36891

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

20. Sesslar, Lee Christine. Characterization of the Surface Proteins of the Anatid herpesvirus .

Degree: 1995, Drake U

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2092/468

► A plaque purified isolate, Anatid herpesvirus (AHV-ppc3) of the Holland strain of AHV (American Type Culture Collection No. VR684) was propagated in chicken embryo fibroblasts… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Herpesviruses; Proteins; Peptides; Duck plague; Duck plague virus

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sesslar, L. C. (1995). Characterization of the Surface Proteins of the Anatid herpesvirus . (Thesis). Drake U. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2092/468

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sesslar, Lee Christine. “Characterization of the Surface Proteins of the Anatid herpesvirus .” 1995. Thesis, Drake U. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2092/468.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sesslar, Lee Christine. “Characterization of the Surface Proteins of the Anatid herpesvirus .” 1995. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Sesslar LC. Characterization of the Surface Proteins of the Anatid herpesvirus . [Internet] [Thesis]. Drake U; 1995. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2092/468.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Sesslar LC. Characterization of the Surface Proteins of the Anatid herpesvirus . [Thesis]. Drake U; 1995. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2092/468

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Universiteit Utrecht

21. Berenst, H.C. Living On the Edge: A Study on Cultural Memory in Narratives from Medieval English Literature Before and After the Black Death.

Degree: 2009, Universiteit Utrecht

URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/36175

► This study concentrates itself on seven different Middle English works from the thirteenth and fourteenth century, namely 'The Owl & the Nightingale', 'Parliament of Foules',… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Letteren; Middle English literature, Black Death, plague, mentalities

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APA (6^th Edition):

Berenst, H. C. (2009). Living On the Edge: A Study on Cultural Memory in Narratives from Medieval English Literature Before and After the Black Death. (Masters Thesis). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/36175

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Berenst, H C. “Living On the Edge: A Study on Cultural Memory in Narratives from Medieval English Literature Before and After the Black Death.” 2009. Masters Thesis, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/36175.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Berenst, H C. “Living On the Edge: A Study on Cultural Memory in Narratives from Medieval English Literature Before and After the Black Death.” 2009. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Berenst HC. Living On the Edge: A Study on Cultural Memory in Narratives from Medieval English Literature Before and After the Black Death. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2009. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/36175.

Council of Science Editors:

Berenst HC. Living On the Edge: A Study on Cultural Memory in Narratives from Medieval English Literature Before and After the Black Death. [Masters Thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2009. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/36175

Universiteit Utrecht

22. Wilschut, L.I. Remote sensing for landscape epidemiology : spatial analysis of plague hosts in Kazakhstan.

Degree: 2015, Universiteit Utrecht

URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/315184

► The spatial distribution of hosts is a crucial aspect for the understanding of infectious disease dynamics. In Kazakhstan, the great gerbil (Rhombomys opimus) is the… (more)

▼ The spatial distribution of hosts is a crucial aspect for the understanding of infectious disease dynamics. In Kazakhstan, the great gerbil (Rhombomys opimus) is the main host for plague (Yersinia pestis infection) and poses a public health threat, yet their spatial distribution is unknown. Great gerbils are social animals that live in family groups in burrows in desert environments. Plague is transmitted from gerbil to gerbil via fleas, and can also be transmitted to humans. In Kazakhstan, an abundance threshold exists above which plague can spread over larger areas. This means that the great gerbils’ distribution is crucial to the spread and persistence of this disease. To gain information on the spatial distribution of the great gerbils, the spatial distribution of their burrows needs to be known. High-resolution satellite images were used in combination with a classification technique called Random Forests to identify the burrows of the great gerbils, which resulted in overall accuracies ranging from 87 to 97%. Once the burrow distribution was known, the relation between the abundance of great gerbil burrows and the landscape was studied. Multiple regression showed that burrow density was negatively related to Greenness, especially in the floodplain areas. The spatial distribution of the host species is thought to influence the plague dynamics, such as the direction of plague spread, however no detailed analysis existed on the possible corridors and barriers that were present. Corridors and barriers were mapped using a burrow density threshold, and were mostly aligned on the NWSE axis. To investigate whether plague spread was radially symmetric in the past, a plague presence and absence data set was used. Results showed that plague spread had occurred mostly along the NWSE axis. This associates great-gerbil-burrow density with the direction of plague spread. In plague-prediction models, great-gerbil burrows are assumed to be randomly or regularly distributed. However, this assumption has never been validated. Spatial point-pattern statistics were used on field data to see whether the occupied burrows are clustered within the total population of burrows. The results showed that burrows irrespective of occupancy were regularly distributed. It also showed that occupied burrows are clustered, but that this can only be detected in squares of 500 m and larger. To be able to predict plague outbreaks in Kazakhstan effectively, the real-time distribution of occupied burrows needs to be known, preferably for large areas. An NDVI time-series was used to identify occupied burrows, and classify them from space. Classification accuracies are promising with an overall accuracy of 65%. It is concluded that great gerbil burrows irrespective of occupancy are spatially structured and related to the landscape at larger scales, and that they are regularly distributed at local scales. Occupied burrows are spatially clustered. This should be incorporated into plague models. Furthermore, with the newly developed… Advisors/Committee Members: Jong, S.M. de, Heesterbeek, J.A.P., Addink, E.A..

Subjects/Keywords: plague; great gerbil; burrow; GIS; remote sensing; spatial analysis; landscape; Kazakhstan

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wilschut, L. I. (2015). Remote sensing for landscape epidemiology : spatial analysis of plague hosts in Kazakhstan. (Doctoral Dissertation). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/315184

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wilschut, L I. “Remote sensing for landscape epidemiology : spatial analysis of plague hosts in Kazakhstan.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/315184.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wilschut, L I. “Remote sensing for landscape epidemiology : spatial analysis of plague hosts in Kazakhstan.” 2015. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Wilschut LI. Remote sensing for landscape epidemiology : spatial analysis of plague hosts in Kazakhstan. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/315184.

Council of Science Editors:

Wilschut LI. Remote sensing for landscape epidemiology : spatial analysis of plague hosts in Kazakhstan. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2015. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/315184

23. Thalassinou, Eleni. Πανώλη ένα μείζον λοιμώδες νόσημα: η επιδημιολογία της ανά τους αιώνες.

Degree: 2014, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών (ΕΚΠΑ)

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/40892

►

This study covered the epidemiology of plague throughout history. Plague cases and plague distribution by continent in the 20th and 21st century were analyzed and… (more)

▼

This study covered the epidemiology of plague throughout history. Plague cases and plague distribution by continent in the 20th and 21st century were analyzed and all the natural foci of the disease were documented. An analysis of plague statistics and trends was made for the periods of 1954-1997 and 1998-210.The epidemiology of the disease was described thoroughly. All the up-to-date data about the infectious agent, the host, the reservoir, the vector, the risk factors and the mode of transmission were documented. Among the others, an extra attention was paid to clinical manifestation, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention of plague. This study provided accurate historical information about the three major plague pandemics in a consistent format that allowed to gain information about the time, the place the scale of the epidemic and how the contemporaries understood and responded to it.The aim of this study was to focus on the era of bioterrorism, to evaluate the risk of a potential use of plague as a biological weapon and to propose control measures in order to improve the medical and public health response to an outbreak of plague following the use of a biological weapon. In order to evaluate the risk of a potential use of plague as a biological weapon a realistic case scenario of a liberated use of an aerosolized form of Yersinia pestis was developed. The outcome of the scenario was based on epidemiological factors such as the incubation period, the basic reproduction number, the attack rate, the infectious period and the lethality of pneumonic plague.The conclusion is that Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, is one of the most serious biological agents for a terrorist attack. Given the availability of Y pestis around the world, capacity for its mass production and aerosol dissemination, difficulty in preventing such activities, high fatality rate of pneumonic plague, and potential for secondary spread of cases during an epidemic (basic reproductive number approximately close to 1.3), the potential use of plague as a biological weapon is of great concern.In the era of bioterrorism, several other issues have to be addressed. The medical community as well as the public should be educated about the basic infectious disease epidemiology and control measures to increase the possibility of a calm and reasoned response if an outbreak should occur.Furthermore, improved culture methods, biosafety facilities, and methods for susceptibility testing are necessary to allow for a more rapid identification of diseases such as plague. Continuous efforts should be made to seek new treatment modalities. This last concern is of great importance, since concerns about bioengineered organisms have been raised.

Η παρούσα μελέτη κάλυψε τα επιδημιολογικά δεδομένα της πανώλης διαχρονικά. Παρουσιάστηκε η συχνότητα και η γεωγραφική κατανομή της νόσου από τις αρχές του εικοστού αιώνα μέχρι σήμερα, χαρτογραφήθηκαν οι φυσικές εστίες της νόσου και αποτυπώθηκαν οι τάσεις για τις περιόδους 1954-1997 και 1998-2010.…

Subjects/Keywords: Πανώλη; Επιδημιολογία; Ιστορία; Βιοτρομοκρατία; Plague; Epidemiology; History; Bioterrorism

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APA (6^th Edition):

Thalassinou, E. (2014). Πανώλη ένα μείζον λοιμώδες νόσημα: η επιδημιολογία της ανά τους αιώνες. (Thesis). National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών (ΕΚΠΑ). Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/40892

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Thalassinou, Eleni. “Πανώλη ένα μείζον λοιμώδες νόσημα: η επιδημιολογία της ανά τους αιώνες.” 2014. Thesis, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών (ΕΚΠΑ). Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/40892.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Thalassinou, Eleni. “Πανώλη ένα μείζον λοιμώδες νόσημα: η επιδημιολογία της ανά τους αιώνες.” 2014. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Thalassinou E. Πανώλη ένα μείζον λοιμώδες νόσημα: η επιδημιολογία της ανά τους αιώνες. [Internet] [Thesis]. National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών (ΕΚΠΑ); 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/40892.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Thalassinou E. Πανώλη ένα μείζον λοιμώδες νόσημα: η επιδημιολογία της ανά τους αιώνες. [Thesis]. National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών (ΕΚΠΑ); 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/40892

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

24. Brivio, Alessandra. Plague Spreaders: Political Conspirators and Agents of the Devil. A Study of Popular Belief in 17th-Century Milan.

Degree: History, 2017, University of California – San Diego

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2zj3025n

► This dissertation focuses on the broader questions regarding the response to natural calamities in the early modern period and on the popular reception of plague… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: European history; Plague; Untori

…x29; viii ix ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Plague Spreaders: Political Conspirators and… …popular reception of plague literature. The point of entry for my research is the plague… …spread the plague. The episode became a cause célèbre thanks to Alessandro Manzoni who told the… …story of the plague-spreaders to criticize the faulty judicial system which tried and executed… …the plague spreaders based on superstitious beliefs rather than reason. The little…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Brivio, A. (2017). Plague Spreaders: Political Conspirators and Agents of the Devil. A Study of Popular Belief in 17th-Century Milan. (Thesis). University of California – San Diego. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2zj3025n

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Brivio, Alessandra. “Plague Spreaders: Political Conspirators and Agents of the Devil. A Study of Popular Belief in 17th-Century Milan.” 2017. Thesis, University of California – San Diego. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2zj3025n.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Brivio, Alessandra. “Plague Spreaders: Political Conspirators and Agents of the Devil. A Study of Popular Belief in 17th-Century Milan.” 2017. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Brivio A. Plague Spreaders: Political Conspirators and Agents of the Devil. A Study of Popular Belief in 17th-Century Milan. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2zj3025n.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Brivio A. Plague Spreaders: Political Conspirators and Agents of the Devil. A Study of Popular Belief in 17th-Century Milan. [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2017. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2zj3025n

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Baylor University

25. Grimm, A. Dallin, 1990-. "The whole of England was thrown into madness" : English church and state responses to economic, religious, and social disruptions after the Black Death.

Degree: MA, Baylor University. Dept. of History., 2016, Baylor University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2104/9641

► Between 1348 and 1350, an outbreak of plague, known as the Black Death, reached England and destroyed between one-third and one-half of the population. This… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Black Death. Plague. Pestilence. English church. English government. Elite responses.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Grimm, A. Dallin, 1. (2016). "The whole of England was thrown into madness" : English church and state responses to economic, religious, and social disruptions after the Black Death. (Masters Thesis). Baylor University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2104/9641

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Grimm, A. Dallin, 1990-. “"The whole of England was thrown into madness" : English church and state responses to economic, religious, and social disruptions after the Black Death.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Baylor University. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/9641.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Grimm, A. Dallin, 1990-. “"The whole of England was thrown into madness" : English church and state responses to economic, religious, and social disruptions after the Black Death.” 2016. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Grimm, A. Dallin 1. "The whole of England was thrown into madness" : English church and state responses to economic, religious, and social disruptions after the Black Death. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Baylor University; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2104/9641.

Council of Science Editors:

Grimm, A. Dallin 1. "The whole of England was thrown into madness" : English church and state responses to economic, religious, and social disruptions after the Black Death. [Masters Thesis]. Baylor University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2104/9641

Colorado State University

26. Markman, David W. Candidate reservoir underlying re-emergent plague outbreaks.

Degree: PhD, Biology, 2019, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/195316

To view the abstract, please see the full text of the document. Advisors/Committee Members: Antolin, Michael F. (advisor), von Fischer, Joseph C. (committee member), Gage, Kenneth L. (committee member), Bowen, Richard A. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: plague; reservoir; amoebae; Yersinia pestis

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APA (6^th Edition):

Markman, D. W. (2019). Candidate reservoir underlying re-emergent plague outbreaks. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/195316

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Markman, David W. “Candidate reservoir underlying re-emergent plague outbreaks.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado State University. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/195316.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Markman, David W. “Candidate reservoir underlying re-emergent plague outbreaks.” 2019. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Markman DW. Candidate reservoir underlying re-emergent plague outbreaks. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/195316.

Council of Science Editors:

Markman DW. Candidate reservoir underlying re-emergent plague outbreaks. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/195316

Colorado State University

27. McCuen, Deborah Grossblat. Immunogenicity against a vaccinia virus-vectored oral plague vaccine in black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes).

Degree: MS(M.S.), Biology, 2020, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/208479

► Black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) are one of the most endangered mammals in North America, in part because they suffer high mortality when infected by plague,… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: maternal antibody; orthopoxvirus; wildlife vaccination; black-footed ferrets; plague; Mustela nigripes

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APA (6^th Edition):

McCuen, D. G. (2020). Immunogenicity against a vaccinia virus-vectored oral plague vaccine in black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes). (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/208479

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

McCuen, Deborah Grossblat. “Immunogenicity against a vaccinia virus-vectored oral plague vaccine in black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes).” 2020. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/208479.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

McCuen, Deborah Grossblat. “Immunogenicity against a vaccinia virus-vectored oral plague vaccine in black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes).” 2020. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

McCuen DG. Immunogenicity against a vaccinia virus-vectored oral plague vaccine in black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes). [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/208479.

Council of Science Editors:

McCuen DG. Immunogenicity against a vaccinia virus-vectored oral plague vaccine in black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes). [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/208479

Uppsala University

28. Dahlbeck, Emma. Dödens stad : En studie rörande framställningen av människan inför döden i Albert Camus Pesten.

Degree: Theology, 2020, Uppsala University

URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413077

► This essay explores how the fictional portrayals of man-before-death in Albert Camus’ The Plague can convey insights related to studies in world views. Its… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: The Plague; death; fiction; world-views; Albert Camus.; Religious Studies; Religionsvetenskap

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APA (6^th Edition):

Dahlbeck, E. (2020). Dödens stad : En studie rörande framställningen av människan inför döden i Albert Camus Pesten. (Thesis). Uppsala University. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413077

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dahlbeck, Emma. “Dödens stad : En studie rörande framställningen av människan inför döden i Albert Camus Pesten.” 2020. Thesis, Uppsala University. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413077.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dahlbeck, Emma. “Dödens stad : En studie rörande framställningen av människan inför döden i Albert Camus Pesten.” 2020. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Dahlbeck E. Dödens stad : En studie rörande framställningen av människan inför döden i Albert Camus Pesten. [Internet] [Thesis]. Uppsala University; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413077.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Dahlbeck E. Dödens stad : En studie rörande framställningen av människan inför döden i Albert Camus Pesten. [Thesis]. Uppsala University; 2020. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413077

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Colorado State University

29. Williams, Shanna K. Low temperature effects on the transcriptome of Yersinia pestis and its transmissibility by Oropsylla montana fleas.

Degree: PhD, Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, 2016, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/173394

► Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, is primarily a rodent-associated, flea-borne zoonosis. Transmission to humans is mediated most commonly by the flea vector, Oropsylla… (more)

▼ Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, is primarily a rodent-associated, flea-borne zoonosis. Transmission to humans is mediated most commonly by the flea vector, Oropsylla montana, and occurs predominantly in the Southwestern United States. In these studies, we hypothesized that Y. pestis-infected O. montana fleas held at temperatures as low as 6ºC could serve as reservoirs of the plague bacillus during the winter months in temperate regions with endemic plague foci. With few exceptions, previous studies showed O. montana to be an inefficient vector at transmitting Y. pestis at 22-23°C particularly when such fleas were fed on susceptible hosts more than a few days after ingesting an infectious blood meal. We examined whether holding fleas at sub-ambient temperatures (for purposes of these studies, ambient temperature is defined as 23°C) affected the transmissibility of Y. pestis by this vector. Colony-reared O. montana fleas were given an infectious blood meal containing a virulent Y. pestis strain (CO96-3188), and potentially infected fleas were maintained at different temperatures (6ºC, 10°C, 15°C, or 23ºC). Transmission efficiencies were tested by allowing groups of ~15 infectious fleas to feed on each of seven naïve CD-1 mice on days 1-4, 7, 10, 14, 17, and 21, 28, 35, and 42 post infection (p.i.). Fleas held at 6ºC, 10°C and 15°C were able to effectively transmit at every time point p.i. The percentage of transmission to naïve mice by fleas maintained at low temperatures was higher than for fleas maintained at 23ºC and indicates that O. montana fleas efficiently transmit Y. pestis at low temperatures. Moreover, bacterial loads of flea cohorts maintained at temperatures of 6ºC, 10ºC and 15ºC were statistically higher than fleas maintained at 23ºC. In addition, whole transcriptomes of Y. pestis bacteria grown at 6ºC, 10°C, 15°C and 23ºC were analyzed to assess differential gene expression at each temperature to identify genes which may contribute to an increase in virulence or survivability of the plague pathogen at the lower temperatures when compared to ambient temperature. This is the first comprehensive study to demonstrate efficient transmission of Y. pestis by O. montana fleas maintained at temperatures as low as 6ºC. Our findings further contribute to the understanding of plague ecology in temperate climates by providing support for the hypothesis that Y. pestis is able to overwinter within the flea gut and potentially cause infection during the following transmission season. The findings also might hold implications for explaining the focality of plague in tropical regions where plague occurs in cooler environments, primarily located at higher elevations. Advisors/Committee Members: Borlee, Brad (advisor), Bearden, Scott (advisor), Gage, Ken (committee member), Stenglein, Mark (committee member), Archibeque, Shawn (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: low temperature; plague; fleas; Oropsylla montana; Yersinia pestis

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Williams, S. K. (2016). Low temperature effects on the transcriptome of Yersinia pestis and its transmissibility by Oropsylla montana fleas. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/173394

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Williams, Shanna K. “Low temperature effects on the transcriptome of Yersinia pestis and its transmissibility by Oropsylla montana fleas.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado State University. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/173394.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Williams, Shanna K. “Low temperature effects on the transcriptome of Yersinia pestis and its transmissibility by Oropsylla montana fleas.” 2016. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Williams SK. Low temperature effects on the transcriptome of Yersinia pestis and its transmissibility by Oropsylla montana fleas. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/173394.

Council of Science Editors:

Williams SK. Low temperature effects on the transcriptome of Yersinia pestis and its transmissibility by Oropsylla montana fleas. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/173394

University of Toronto

30. Marian, Meaghan Jeannine. Fever Dreams: Infectious Disease, Epidemic Events, and the Making of Hong Kong.

Degree: PhD, 2016, University of Toronto

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/89282

►

There is no surfeit of infectious disease or of epidemic events in Hong Kong’s history. Accounts of local outbreaks of malaria, tuberculosis, influenza, cholera, and… (more)

▼

There is no surfeit of infectious disease or of epidemic events in Hong Kong’s history. Accounts of local outbreaks of malaria, tuberculosis, influenza, cholera, and typhus pepper colonial government archives and newspaper reports. Deadly outbreaks of malaria dubbed the ‘Hongkong fever’ nearly put an end to this colonial project within its first few years of existence and to survive, its administrators borrowed strategies from Britain’s other tropical colonies, implementing afforestation projects and legislating spatial segregation from the local Chinese population. As entrepôt trade grew and Britain’s anchor to the China trade was integrated into imperial networks, local epidemics in ‘insalubrious’ Hong Kong spread through those same networks and so became pandemics. Such was the case when bubonic plague broke out at the end of the nineteenth century, carried through Hong Kong’s port system. In the twentieth century, Hong Kong faced chronic trouble with infectious disease, notably chronically high rates of tuberculosis, and was associated with three global pandemics: H2N2 or the ‘Asian flu’ in 1957, H3N2 or the ‘Hong Kong flu’ in 1968, and then a novel virus, SARS, in 2003. There are many reasons for Hong Kong’s implication in these pandemics, a constellation of the territory’s geographical, climatological, political and social traits. This confluence of factors is particular to Hong Kong and its risks intensified after the 1997 reunification with the People’s Republic of China. This dissertation narrates Hong Kong’s history through five epidemic events, revealing the medical stakes of the city’s hyperconnectivity as a global hub. At the same time, the project shows that this challenging disease history has molded local society, culture, and identity. Where epidemic events make Hong Kong’s global connections all too evident, collective memory of losses and surviving epidemics is integral to Hong Kong life and history. Its lives of its people, heunggangyahn, are shaped by the chronic presence of infectious disease and their survival of crises—medical, economic, and political—helps shape this distinct, local identity.

2018-07-08 00:00:00

Advisors/Committee Members: Lam, Tong, History.

Subjects/Keywords: Colonial medicine; Hong Kong; Imperial medicine.; Malaria; Plague; SARS; 0332

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Marian, M. J. (2016). Fever Dreams: Infectious Disease, Epidemic Events, and the Making of Hong Kong. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Toronto. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1807/89282

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Marian, Meaghan Jeannine. “Fever Dreams: Infectious Disease, Epidemic Events, and the Making of Hong Kong.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Toronto. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/89282.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Marian, Meaghan Jeannine. “Fever Dreams: Infectious Disease, Epidemic Events, and the Making of Hong Kong.” 2016. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Marian MJ. Fever Dreams: Infectious Disease, Epidemic Events, and the Making of Hong Kong. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Toronto; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/89282.

Council of Science Editors:

Marian MJ. Fever Dreams: Infectious Disease, Epidemic Events, and the Making of Hong Kong. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Toronto; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/89282

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