subject:(Placental Transport)

1. Barrows, Brittani. Evaluation of the Protective Role of ADCC Mediating Antibodies in Mother-To-Child Transmission of HIV-1.

Degree: 2020, The Catholic University of America

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/cuislandora:213975

►

During pregnancy, the fetus acquires maternal antibodies by Fc receptor transfer across the placenta. Many of these Fc receptors are also expressed on immune cells… (more)

▼

During pregnancy, the fetus acquires maternal antibodies by Fc receptor transfer across the placenta. Many of these Fc receptors are also expressed on immune cells and are responsible for recognition, activation and killing of HIV-1 infected cells as demonstrated in antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). This study evaluated HIV+ maternal and respective HIV+ or HIV- infant plasma antibodies to understand potential factors that contribute to protection from HIV vertical transmission. Plasma antibodies were assessed for the functional capacity of mediating ADCC against heterologous and autologous HIV-1 infected target cells. While no differences in ADCC mediation were found between transmitting and nontransmitting mothers, HIV- infants had antibodies with greater ADCC potency and breadth. Both HIV+ and HIV- infants had natural killer cells with cytotoxic maturation markers, indicating necessary cellular maturity to implement ADCC. However, no differences were found in cytotoxic frequency. Maternal and infant antibody binding features were distinct in maternal transmission and infant infection status. Nontransmitting mothers and their HIV- infants had greater HIV-1 antigen-specific antibodies that engaged common placental transport and immune cell activation receptors. Nontransmitting mothers transferred higher HIV-specific antibodies that engaged the neonatal transport receptor (FcRn). HIV-1 recognizing antibodies that engage placental FcRn were found to be the greatest predictive feature of reduced MTCT. This study supports that HIV- infants acquire antibodies with greater recognition of HIV-1 antigen and mediation of ADCC.

Immunology

Virology

ADCC, HIV-1, MTCT, Placental Transport

Biology

Degree Awarded: Ph.D. Biology. The Catholic University of America

Advisors/Committee Members: The Catholic University of America (Degree granting institution), Rao, Venigalla (Thesis advisor), Wieczorek, Lindsay (Committee member), Tovanabutra, Sodsai (Committee member), Chung, Byung Min (Committee member), Choy, John (Committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: ADCC; HIV-1; MTCT; Placental Transport

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APA (6^th Edition):

Barrows, B. (2020). Evaluation of the Protective Role of ADCC Mediating Antibodies in Mother-To-Child Transmission of HIV-1. (Thesis). The Catholic University of America. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1961/cuislandora:213975

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Barrows, Brittani. “Evaluation of the Protective Role of ADCC Mediating Antibodies in Mother-To-Child Transmission of HIV-1.” 2020. Thesis, The Catholic University of America. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1961/cuislandora:213975.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Barrows, Brittani. “Evaluation of the Protective Role of ADCC Mediating Antibodies in Mother-To-Child Transmission of HIV-1.” 2020. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Barrows B. Evaluation of the Protective Role of ADCC Mediating Antibodies in Mother-To-Child Transmission of HIV-1. [Internet] [Thesis]. The Catholic University of America; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/cuislandora:213975.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Barrows B. Evaluation of the Protective Role of ADCC Mediating Antibodies in Mother-To-Child Transmission of HIV-1. [Thesis]. The Catholic University of America; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/cuislandora:213975

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Georgia

2. Lewis, Summer Renee. Maternal and fetal disposition of antiviral agents in the pregnant rat.

Degree: 2014, University of Georgia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/23173

► Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV) infection has increased dramatically in pregnant women, thus, exposing the fetus in utero. However, with the increasing use of combination… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Pharmacokinetics; HIV; Abacavir; Lamivudine; 3TC; Zidovudine; AZT; placental transport; antiviral; fetal disposition

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lewis, S. R. (2014). Maternal and fetal disposition of antiviral agents in the pregnant rat. (Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10724/23173

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lewis, Summer Renee. “Maternal and fetal disposition of antiviral agents in the pregnant rat.” 2014. Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10724/23173.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lewis, Summer Renee. “Maternal and fetal disposition of antiviral agents in the pregnant rat.” 2014. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Lewis SR. Maternal and fetal disposition of antiviral agents in the pregnant rat. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/23173.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Lewis SR. Maternal and fetal disposition of antiviral agents in the pregnant rat. [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/23173

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Georgia

3. Xu, Meng. Quantitative analysis and pharmacokinetics of antiviral agents in the pregnant rat.

Degree: 2014, University of Georgia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/25093

► Antiviral drugs are used therapeutically in pregnancy for treatment of both mother and fetus. Antiviral drugs are presumed to prevent viral transmission from mother to… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Analytical; Pharmacokinetics; HIV; Zalcitabine; DDC; Stavudine; D4T; Lamivudine; 3TC; placental transport; fetal disposition

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APA (6^th Edition):

Xu, M. (2014). Quantitative analysis and pharmacokinetics of antiviral agents in the pregnant rat. (Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10724/25093

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Xu, Meng. “Quantitative analysis and pharmacokinetics of antiviral agents in the pregnant rat.” 2014. Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10724/25093.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Xu, Meng. “Quantitative analysis and pharmacokinetics of antiviral agents in the pregnant rat.” 2014. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Xu M. Quantitative analysis and pharmacokinetics of antiviral agents in the pregnant rat. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/25093.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Xu M. Quantitative analysis and pharmacokinetics of antiviral agents in the pregnant rat. [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/25093

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet

4. Ericsson, Anette 1975-. Placental transport of glucose and amino acids in early pregnancy. Cellular mechanisms, regulation and relation to diabetes.

Degree: 2006, University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/16880

► Despite strict glycemic control of the pregnant woman with type 1 diabetes fetal overgrowth is still common. The first trimester is often characterized by sub-optimal… (more)

▼ Despite strict glycemic control of the pregnant woman with type 1 diabetes fetal overgrowth is still common. The first trimester is often characterized by sub-optimal glucose levels and elevated HbA1C in early pregnancy is a predictor of fetal overgrowth. Altered placental nutrient transport has been implicated in fetal growth abnormalities and is suggested to be one mechanism contributing to a diverging fetal growth rate. However, the factors regulating placental transporters are not well established, in particular during early pregnancy. We hypothesized that placental transport of glucose and amino acids in early and late pregnancy are distinct and that glucose transport is sensitive to regulation primarily during the first trimester and may therefore be permanently affected by metabolic disturbances in early pregnancy, resulting in altered fetal growth. Expression of GLUT isoforms 1, 3 and 4 were examined in first trimester and term human placenta. GLUT1 levels were abundant at term whereas GLUT3 and 4 were markedly lower at term compared with early pregnancy. Regulation of glucose transport was assessed by 1 h incubation of villous fragments in insulin, leptin, cortisol, GH, IGF-I or glucose and by the subsequent uptake of 3-O-(methyl-14C)-D-glucose. Hormonal regulation of amino acid transporter system A was studied in first trimester fragments measuring the Na+-dependent uptake of 14C-methylaminoisobutyric acid (MeAIB). Insulin stimulated glucose uptake 2-fold in early pregnancy (6-8 weeks) but not at term, while system A activity was down regulated by GH in first trimester fragments. The effect of hyperglycemia (8-14 mM) on fetal growth and placental transport function were studied in pregnant rats given glucose (2g/kg, i.p.) on different days of gestation: Group1: one injection on GD10, Group2: three injections on GD10, Group3: six injections on GD10 and 11 and Group4: three injections on GD19. Fetal weights were increased by three and six hyperglycemic events in early pregnancy, whereas placental weights were unaltered in all groups. Subsequent transport measurements of glucose and MeAIB were carried out in vivo close to term (GD21) and placental expression of GLUT1, 3, SNAT2 (system A), LAT1 and 2 (system L) were studied in groups 2 and 3. Term placental system A transport was down regulated by six glucose injections on GD10 and 11. System L protein levels were unaltered by early hyperglycemia, however LAT 2 mRNA was down regulated. We conclude that the pattern of GLUT isoform expression is markedly different in early and late pregnancy. GLUT 4 may play a role in placental uptake of glucose during the first trimester and insulin is one regulator of glucose transport during this period. Regulation of system A is different in first trimester and term placentas. Early pregnancy hyperglycemia in the rat programs placental transport functions for the remainder of pregnancy. There is a dose-response relationship between the number of hyperglycemic events in early pregnancy and placental function and fetal growth.…

Subjects/Keywords: placental transport; diabetes; first trimester; GLUT; system A; hyperglycemia

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ericsson, A. 1. (2006). Placental transport of glucose and amino acids in early pregnancy. Cellular mechanisms, regulation and relation to diabetes. (Thesis). University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2077/16880

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ericsson, Anette 1975-. “Placental transport of glucose and amino acids in early pregnancy. Cellular mechanisms, regulation and relation to diabetes.” 2006. Thesis, University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/16880.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ericsson, Anette 1975-. “Placental transport of glucose and amino acids in early pregnancy. Cellular mechanisms, regulation and relation to diabetes.” 2006. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Ericsson A1. Placental transport of glucose and amino acids in early pregnancy. Cellular mechanisms, regulation and relation to diabetes. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet; 2006. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/16880.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ericsson A1. Placental transport of glucose and amino acids in early pregnancy. Cellular mechanisms, regulation and relation to diabetes. [Thesis]. University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet; 2006. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/16880

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Toronto

5. Pollex, Erika. Fetal Exposure to Antidiabetic Drugs: The Role of the Placenta.

Degree: 2010, University of Toronto

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/24857

►

Gestational diabetes, a common medical complication in pregnancy, may lead to severe fetal consequences if left untreated. A major concern with the use of antidiabetic… (more)

▼

Gestational diabetes, a common medical complication in pregnancy, may lead to severe fetal consequences if left untreated. A major concern with the use of antidiabetic drugs in pregnancy is the potential for placental transfer and fetal toxicity. The presence of endocytic pathways and several ABC transporter proteins has been demonstrated in the human placenta and are believed to play an important role in determining fetal exposure to drugs used in pregnancy. The objective of this thesis is to investigate the safety and transfer of the oral hypoglycemic agent, glyburide, and the new long acting insulin analog, insulin glargine, across the human placenta. The oral antidiabetic, glyburide, has been shown to be actively effluxed across the placenta in the fetal to maternal direction. The transport of glyburide in the presence of a breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) inhibitor was investigated in the dually perfused human placenta model. The results of the perfusion studies indicate that BCRP plays a role in protecting the fetus from the accumulation of glyburide. Subsequently, cellular studies were carried out to determine the effect of the naturally occurring single nucleotide polymorphism within the coding region of BCRP (C421A/Q141K) on glyburide transport. Results suggest that glyburide transport may be reduced in the presence of the Q141K polymorphism. While insulin remains as the gold standard, the potential for maternal hypoglycemia with insulin injection has resulted in the development of insulin analogs. Insulin glargine, a human insulin analog, has a long half life with no pronounced peak when compared to currently used NPH insulin. Human placental perfusion experiments examining the extent and rate of transfer of insulin glargine across the placenta demonstrated that, at therapeutic concentrations, insulin glargine does not cross the placenta to a measurable extent. To further determine the fetal safety of insulin glargine therapy compared with NPH insulin, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed. No evidence was identified for increased adverse fetal outcomes with the use of insulin glargine during pregnancy. Overall, the results of this research serve to provide improved treatment options for women with diabetes in pregnancy.

PhD

Advisors/Committee Members: Koren, Gideon, Pharmaceutical Sciences.

Subjects/Keywords: gestational diabetes; placental transport; insulin glargine; glyburide; 0419; 0383

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Pollex, E. (2010). Fetal Exposure to Antidiabetic Drugs: The Role of the Placenta. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Toronto. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1807/24857

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pollex, Erika. “Fetal Exposure to Antidiabetic Drugs: The Role of the Placenta.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Toronto. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/24857.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pollex, Erika. “Fetal Exposure to Antidiabetic Drugs: The Role of the Placenta.” 2010. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Pollex E. Fetal Exposure to Antidiabetic Drugs: The Role of the Placenta. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Toronto; 2010. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/24857.

Council of Science Editors:

Pollex E. Fetal Exposure to Antidiabetic Drugs: The Role of the Placenta. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Toronto; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/24857

University of Georgia

6. alnouti, yazen mohammed. The application of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry for the determination of nucleoside analogues in biological matrices.

Degree: 2014, University of Georgia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/21743

► Multidrug therapy has become the standard treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are… (more)

▼ Multidrug therapy has become the standard treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are used in all AIDS combination therapies. In combination therapies, there is a high potential for pharmacokinetic interaction between the individual drugs. This interaction can alter the transport profile of anti HIV agents to the fetus in pregnant women. In order to study pharmacokinetic interactions, sensitive and valid analytical methods are required for the quantification of NRTIs in different biological matrices. This dissertation focuses on developing valid analytical methods to quantify NRTIs in different pregnant rat matrices. Lamivudine (3TC) and zidovudine (AZT) were studied as model NRTIs. These matrices include plasma, amniotic fluid, placenta and fetus. Method development includes 3 steps, sample preparation, chromatographic separation and spectroscopic detection. Due to the complicity of tissue matrices, ultra clean sample extraction is required. Different sample preparation techniques like protein precipitation by acids, organic solvents and salting out, solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) were used. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) are the separation techniques that were used. For spectrometric detection, ultraviolet (UV) and mass spectrometry (MS) detectors were used. After developing the optimum sample extraction, chromatographic separation and spectrometric detection conditions, the methods were validated according to FDA criteria. The validated methods were successfully applied in animal studies using the pregnant rat model. The animal studies have shown that fetal exposure to 3TC was significantly increased when co-administered with AZT. The mechanism of this drug-drug interaction has not been found, but it may be due to AZT competitive inhibition of the 3TC efflux transporters in the fetal-facing side of the placenta. These results suggest that the underlying mechanism behind the 3TC placental transport in rats is carrier mediated.

Subjects/Keywords: HPLC; CE; MS; SPE; LLE; Sample Preparation; liquid chromatography; Biological matrices; Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; Lamivudine; 3TC; Zidovudine; AZT; placental transport

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APA (6^th Edition):

alnouti, y. m. (2014). The application of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry for the determination of nucleoside analogues in biological matrices. (Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10724/21743

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

alnouti, yazen mohammed. “The application of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry for the determination of nucleoside analogues in biological matrices.” 2014. Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10724/21743.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

alnouti, yazen mohammed. “The application of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry for the determination of nucleoside analogues in biological matrices.” 2014. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

alnouti ym. The application of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry for the determination of nucleoside analogues in biological matrices. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/21743.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

alnouti ym. The application of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry for the determination of nucleoside analogues in biological matrices. [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/21743

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Georgia

7. Blue, Shawn Kendale. Pharmacokinetics of anti-HIV agents in rodents.

Degree: 2014, University of Georgia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/26575

► The treatment of HIV/AIDS is one of, if not, the most challenging medical enigmas of the 20th and 21st centuries. At the time of its… (more)

▼ The treatment of HIV/AIDS is one of, if not, the most challenging medical enigmas of the 20th and 21st centuries. At the time of its discovery, HIV patients were predominantly homosexual White males in America. The demographics have changed drastically over the past two decades. Now women make up nearly 50% of global HIV/AIDS patients. The current feminization of HIV demographics has led to another obstacle, mother to child transmission (MTCT). These statistics, coupled with the fact that vertical transmission is the largest factor in the number of newly diagnosed juvenile HIV/AIDS patients, create a need to optimize treatment of HIV positive pregnant women, to reduce vertical transmission of HIV. It has been shown that administration of anti-HIV medications during pregnancy, delivery and to the infant after birth greatly reduces the risk of vertical transmission. Understanding the pharmacokinetics of HIV/AIDS medications alone and in combination during pregnancy is necessary in the development of more effective methods of vertical transmission prophylaxis. Using a pregnant rat model, we have developed analytical methods and investigated the pharmacokinetics and placental transport of anti-HIV drugs alone and in combination. These studies allowed us to determine and understand any possible interactions between drugs in combination. Studies were performed on timed-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats and pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using WinNonlin. While current methods of treating HIV/AIDS patients have been highly successful, the chance of viral mutations and resistance to Anti-Retroviral Therapy often occurs. In order to combat the resistance of reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI and NNRTI) and protease inhibitors, scientists have continually searched for additional targets on HIV. For instance, integrase inhibitors, block the action of integrase, a viral enzyme, which integrates HIV DNA into the target cells. We have determined the pharmacokinetic profile of an investigational integrase inhibitor. In vivo animal studies were being performed on male Sprague-Dawley rats and female PXR-KO and hPXR transgenic mice and pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using WinNonlin.

Subjects/Keywords: HIV; Pharmacokinetics; Stavudine; Lamivudine; D4T; DDC; Placental Transport; NRTI; Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; HPLC; Antiviral Drugs; Integrase Inhibitors

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APA (6^th Edition):

Blue, S. K. (2014). Pharmacokinetics of anti-HIV agents in rodents. (Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10724/26575

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Blue, Shawn Kendale. “Pharmacokinetics of anti-HIV agents in rodents.” 2014. Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10724/26575.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Blue, Shawn Kendale. “Pharmacokinetics of anti-HIV agents in rodents.” 2014. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Blue SK. Pharmacokinetics of anti-HIV agents in rodents. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/26575.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Blue SK. Pharmacokinetics of anti-HIV agents in rodents. [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/26575

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Michigan

8. Treinen, Kimberley Anne. Biochemical Toxicology Of Human Placental High Affinity Calcium-stimulated Atpase And Calcium Transport (uptake, Ddt, Dot).

Degree: PhD, Pure Sciences, 1986, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/127934

► ATPase activity which is stimulated by submicromolar concentrations of Ca('2+) was identified and characterized in human placental microvillous brush border membranes. The enzyme exhibited an… (more)

▼ ATPase activity which is stimulated by submicromolar concentrations of Ca('2+) was identified and characterized in human placental microvillous brush border membranes. The enzyme exhibited an apparent K(,m) for free Ca('2+) of 18.3 (+OR-) 3.7 nM and a V(,max) of 233.0 (+OR-) 30.0 nmol/min/mg protein. Studies using trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N',N',-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) showed this enzyme to require Mg('2+) for maximal activity. The high affinity Ca('2+)-ATPase was unaffected by up to 100 (mu)M concentrations of vanadate, but was sensitive to trifluoperazine inhibition (IC(,50) < 50 (mu)M). The enzyme was not stimulated by the addition of up to 10 (mu)g calmodulin, but this lack of effect may be related to the endogenous calmodulin content of the membrane preparation. High affinity Ca('2+)-ATPase was significantly inhibited by 1,1-Bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane (DDT) and its specific homologs at 10 (mu)M concentrations. In addition to the high affinity ATPase, an ATP-dependent Ca('2+) uptake was characterized in human placental microvillous brush border membranes. Multiple freeze-thaw cycles greatly diminished uptake activity by 90%, indicating an intravesicular accumulation of Ca('2+). Kinetic studies indicate an apparent K(,m) for calcium of 0.22 (+OR-) 0.04 M and a V(,max) of 441 (+OR-) 137 pmoles/min/mg protein at 37(DEGREES)C. Ca('2+) uptake was shown to have a optimum pH of 7.2, and was unaffected by the addition of oxalate, consistent with a plasma membrane origin of uptake. The activity was temperature dependent and was significantly inhibited by trifluoperazine (IC(,50) = 100 uM) and vanadate (IC(,50) = 100 uM). DDT and its specific homologs were shown to inhibit Ca('2+) uptake, but to a lesser degree than that seen with the high affinity Ca('2+)-ATPase. Thus, human term placental brush border membranes have both a Ca('2+) transport activity and a calcium-stimulated ATPase activity with similar biochemical characteristics. It is suggested that the high affinity Ca('2+)-ATPase is the mechanism responsible for Ca('2+) uptake in this membrane fraction, which functions to maintain the low intracellular level of free Ca('2+) in placental syncytiotrophoblasts.

Subjects/Keywords: Affinity; Atpase; Biochemical; Calcium; Ddt; Dot; High; Human; Placental; Stimulated; Toxicology; Transport; Uptake

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APA (6^th Edition):

Treinen, K. A. (1986). Biochemical Toxicology Of Human Placental High Affinity Calcium-stimulated Atpase And Calcium Transport (uptake, Ddt, Dot). (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/127934

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Treinen, Kimberley Anne. “Biochemical Toxicology Of Human Placental High Affinity Calcium-stimulated Atpase And Calcium Transport (uptake, Ddt, Dot).” 1986. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/127934.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Treinen, Kimberley Anne. “Biochemical Toxicology Of Human Placental High Affinity Calcium-stimulated Atpase And Calcium Transport (uptake, Ddt, Dot).” 1986. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Treinen KA. Biochemical Toxicology Of Human Placental High Affinity Calcium-stimulated Atpase And Calcium Transport (uptake, Ddt, Dot). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 1986. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/127934.

Council of Science Editors:

Treinen KA. Biochemical Toxicology Of Human Placental High Affinity Calcium-stimulated Atpase And Calcium Transport (uptake, Ddt, Dot). [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 1986. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/127934

University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet

9. Jansson, Nina L 1976-. The role of maternal nutrition and hormones in the regulation of placental nutrient transport and fetal growth.

Degree: 2007, University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/17101

► Maternal nutrition during pregnancy is an important determinant of fetal growth. Undernutritionmay cause intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), whereas increased nutrient availability, such asseen in obese… (more)

▼ Maternal nutrition during pregnancy is an important determinant of fetal growth. Undernutritionmay cause intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), whereas increased nutrient availability, such asseen in obese women, often result in fetal overgrowth. Both IUGR and fetal overgrowth increasethe risk for perinatal complications and predispose the individual for the development of obesity,diabetes and cardiovascular disease in adult age. Placental nutrient transporters are specificallyaltered in cases of IUGR and fetal overgrowth, changes that are likely to contribute to the alteredfetal growth. However, the mechanisms linking altered maternal nutrient availability to abnormalfetal growth are largely unknown. In these studies we tested the overall hypothesis that maternalmetabolic hormones link maternal nutrition to fetal growth by regulation of key placental nutrienttransporters. We studied (1) maternal nutrient and hormone levels, placental transport functionsand fetal growth in pregnant rats fed control or a low protein (LP) diet, (2) the effect of metabolichormones on amino acid uptake primary human villous fragments and (3) maternal dietary intakeand hormone levels, placental transport functions and fetal growth in a prospective cohort ofpregnant women with early pregnancy BMI ranging from 17-44. In response to a LP dietcirculating levels of insulin, leptin and IGF-I were lowered and the placental capacity to transportamino acids to the fetus was decreased at gestational day (GD) 19. In contrast, there was nosignificant difference in fetal and placental weights between the two groups until GD 21 whenIUGR was observed. These data suggests that the decreased placental capacity to transport aminoacids to the fetus directly contributes to IUGR and that maternal hormones may be involved inthis regulation. In primary villous fragments, leptin and insulin increased the activity of the keyamino acid transporter system A by 37% and 56%, respectively, compatible with the hypothesisthat these hormones contribute to altered fetal growth by regulating placental amino acidtransport. Dietary interviews and maternal blood samples were obtained in 1st and 3rd trimester in49 women with varying BMI, and the placenta was collected in 19 of these women. Maternalenergy intake in both 1st and 3rd trimester were highly correlated to early pregnancy BMI and birthweight. High intake of protein and polyunsaturated fat in 1st trimester and high monounsaturatedfat and carbohydrate intake in 3rd trimester as well as high insulin and leptin levels in 1st and 3rdtrimester and low adiponcetin and IGFBP-I levels in 3rd trimester were all predictors of high birthweight. Protein expression of placental SNAT2, an isoform of system A, was significantlycorrelated with birth weight and maternal insulin levels. We propose a model where key maternalmetabolic hormones constitute a critical link between maternal nutritional status and dietaryintake, and fetal growth mediated by the regulation of placental nutrient transporters. Thesestudies have contributed to…

Subjects/Keywords: pregnancy; placental transport; fetal growth; system A; obesity; nutrition; hormones

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jansson, N. L. 1. (2007). The role of maternal nutrition and hormones in the regulation of placental nutrient transport and fetal growth. (Thesis). University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2077/17101

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jansson, Nina L 1976-. “The role of maternal nutrition and hormones in the regulation of placental nutrient transport and fetal growth.” 2007. Thesis, University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/17101.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jansson, Nina L 1976-. “The role of maternal nutrition and hormones in the regulation of placental nutrient transport and fetal growth.” 2007. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Jansson NL1. The role of maternal nutrition and hormones in the regulation of placental nutrient transport and fetal growth. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet; 2007. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/17101.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Jansson NL1. The role of maternal nutrition and hormones in the regulation of placental nutrient transport and fetal growth. [Thesis]. University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet; 2007. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/17101

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Washington

10. Dorfman, Elizabeth Howard. Translational Research in Obstetric Pharmacology: Historical Trends, Prenatal Pharmacogenomics, and an Opportunistic Study of Placental ABCG2 and Fetal Glyburide Exposure.

Degree: PhD, 2015, University of Washington

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/34161

► This dissertation is principally comprised of three distinct but related projects. The first is an assessment of the quantity and nature of obstetric pharmacology clinical… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: ABCG2; breast cancer resistance protein; fetal drug exposure; glyburide; obstetric pharmacology; placental drug transport; Genetics; Pharmacology; Obstetrics and gynecology; public health genetics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Dorfman, E. H. (2015). Translational Research in Obstetric Pharmacology: Historical Trends, Prenatal Pharmacogenomics, and an Opportunistic Study of Placental ABCG2 and Fetal Glyburide Exposure. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Washington. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1773/34161

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dorfman, Elizabeth Howard. “Translational Research in Obstetric Pharmacology: Historical Trends, Prenatal Pharmacogenomics, and an Opportunistic Study of Placental ABCG2 and Fetal Glyburide Exposure.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Washington. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/34161.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dorfman, Elizabeth Howard. “Translational Research in Obstetric Pharmacology: Historical Trends, Prenatal Pharmacogenomics, and an Opportunistic Study of Placental ABCG2 and Fetal Glyburide Exposure.” 2015. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Dorfman EH. Translational Research in Obstetric Pharmacology: Historical Trends, Prenatal Pharmacogenomics, and an Opportunistic Study of Placental ABCG2 and Fetal Glyburide Exposure. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Washington; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/34161.

Council of Science Editors:

Dorfman EH. Translational Research in Obstetric Pharmacology: Historical Trends, Prenatal Pharmacogenomics, and an Opportunistic Study of Placental ABCG2 and Fetal Glyburide Exposure. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Washington; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/34161

University of Melbourne

11. Aitken, Elizabeth Helen. Pregnancy-malaria: immunity and a mechanism for low birth weight.

Degree: 2010, University of Melbourne

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/36057

► Introduction: Pregnant women are more susceptible to Plasmodium falciparum malaria than their non-pregnant peers and the consequences for the mother and child can include maternal… (more)

▼ Introduction: Pregnant women are more susceptible to Plasmodium falciparum malaria than their non-pregnant peers and the consequences for the mother and child can include maternal anaemia and low birth weight (LBW). The development of immunity to P. falciparum in pregnancy is of importance for vaccine development and identifying women at risk of disease. Knowledge of the mechanisms of pathogenesis, such as how malaria results in LBW, is needed to effectively identify therapeutic targets and prevent adverse outcomes. Methods: In this thesis, the immune response towards P. falciparum was assessed in a cohort of women receiving intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) by measuring antibody towards the surface of placental-binding parasitised red blood cell using flow cytometry. The dynamics of these antibody levels, from 14-26gw until six months post partum, were described, and the protective relationships between antibody and clinical outcomes in the women were examined. A mechanism for LBW in pregnancy-malaria was also investigated. This involved looking at the relationship between placental levels of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-11β (IL-1β) (as measured by ELISA) and birth weight. And, modelling nutrient transport across the placenta in pregnancy-malaria using radiolabelled amino acids, placental cell lines and various malaria-associated stimuli, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and monocyte:parasite products. Results: Among women receiving IPTp who are at low to moderate risk of parasitemia, development of immunity to the placental-binding parasite was dynamic. Many women in their first pregnancy did not develop an immune response. However, there was no evidence that this leads to lower immunity in successive pregnancies. In addition, it was found that immunity measured mid pregnancy did not predict protection against clinical outcomes such as birth weight, maternal haemoglobin or gestation length later in pregnancy. Regarding a mechanism for LBW, the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β was increased in placentas of women with placental malaria and inflammation. This cytokine was negatively associated with birth weight and was shown to be able to decrease amino acid transport in an in-vitro model. Monocyte:parasite products in the supernatant of an inflammatory cell and parasite co-culture were also able to decrease placental amino acid transport in an in-vitro model. Interestingly pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-18 and chemokine IL-8 did not alter amino acid transport in the in-vitro model. Conclusions: Antibody dynamics and the relationships between antibody and outcome were described. Lower than expected parasitemia prevalence and a lack of association between antibody early pregnancy and outcome suggests that evaluating the protective efficacy of pregnancy-malaria vaccines may be difficult in the contexts of routine IPTp administration and falling malaria…

Subjects/Keywords: malaria; pregnancy; immunity; low birth weight; antibody; IPTp; system-A placental transport

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Aitken, E. H. (2010). Pregnancy-malaria: immunity and a mechanism for low birth weight. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Melbourne. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11343/36057

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Aitken, Elizabeth Helen. “Pregnancy-malaria: immunity and a mechanism for low birth weight.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Melbourne. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11343/36057.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Aitken, Elizabeth Helen. “Pregnancy-malaria: immunity and a mechanism for low birth weight.” 2010. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Aitken EH. Pregnancy-malaria: immunity and a mechanism for low birth weight. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2010. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/36057.

Council of Science Editors:

Aitken EH. Pregnancy-malaria: immunity and a mechanism for low birth weight. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/36057

University of Cincinnati

12. SCHMID, KARA E. ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS SOURCES OF CHOLESTEROL DURING FETAL DEVELOPMENT.

Degree: PhD, Medicine : Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine, 2003, University of Cincinnati

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1061304521

► Cholesterol is essential for proper fetal development. Defects in fetal cholesterol metabolism can cause developmental abnormalities, including mental retardation and stunted growth as demonstrated by… (more)

▼ Cholesterol is essential for proper fetal development. Defects in fetal cholesterol metabolism can cause developmental abnormalities, including mental retardation and stunted growth as demonstrated by patients with Smith-Lemli-Optiz syndrome. Understanding fetal cholesterol metabolism could lead to the development of a method to prevent or lessen cholesterol deficiency related birth defects. Therefore, the goal of this dissertation was to examine cholesterol metabolism in the developing fetus. Understanding cholesterol metabolism requires the examination of both sources of cholesterol: cholesterol synthesized de novo and cholesterol provided exogenously. De novo cholesterol synthesis in the adult can be regulated by dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids. If fetal cholesterol synthesis rates are regulated as in the adult, then the consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids during pregnancy may have an impact on fetal development. Therefore, the regulation of cholesterol synthesis in the fetus was examined. Pregnant hamsters were fed various fatty acids throughout gestation and sterol synthesis rates in the fetus were determined. Although the rate of sterol synthesis in the adult hamster was decreased by dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids, sterol synthesis rates in the fetus were unaffected. In addition, the adult could be made to become unresponsive to dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids by inducing a negative sterol balance across the liver. These data demonstrated that sterol synthesis is regulated differently in fetal tissues as compared to adults, possibly due to a negative sterol balance in the fetus. The placenta regulates the transport of exogenous nutrients from the maternal circulation to the fetal circulation. The placental transport of glucose and fatty acids is well established, however the transport of cholesterol remains undefined. Therefore, a human choriocarcinoma cell line, BeWo, was utilized to model the transport of cholesterol across a placental monolayer. It was demonstrated that cholesterol could be transported from the apical surface of the placental cell to the basolateral surface for efflux to components of fetal human serum, fetal HDL and phospholipid vesicles but not apolipoprotein A-I. BeWo cells demonstrated a mass movement of cholesterol from the apical to basolateral chamber that could be manipulated by increasing the cellular cholesterol concentration. These were the first studies to utilize an in vitro model to demonstrate the transport of cholesterol from the maternal circulation (apical side) to the fetal circulation (basolateral side). Understanding and dissecting this pathway may aid in the development of in utero treatments for fetuses with defects in cholesterol biosynthesis. Advisors/Committee Members: Woollett, Dr. Laura A. (Advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Biophysics, Medical; fetal cholesterol metabolism; placental transport; cholesterol synthesis; Smith-Lemli-Optiz

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

SCHMID, K. E. (2003). ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS SOURCES OF CHOLESTEROL DURING FETAL DEVELOPMENT. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Cincinnati. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1061304521

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

SCHMID, KARA E. “ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS SOURCES OF CHOLESTEROL DURING FETAL DEVELOPMENT.” 2003. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Cincinnati. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1061304521.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

SCHMID, KARA E. “ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS SOURCES OF CHOLESTEROL DURING FETAL DEVELOPMENT.” 2003. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

SCHMID KE. ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS SOURCES OF CHOLESTEROL DURING FETAL DEVELOPMENT. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Cincinnati; 2003. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1061304521.

Council of Science Editors:

SCHMID KE. ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS SOURCES OF CHOLESTEROL DURING FETAL DEVELOPMENT. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Cincinnati; 2003. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1061304521

University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet

13. Strid, Hilja 1962-. Calcium transport across the human placenta. The activity, expression and regulation of Ca2+ ATPase in normal and complicated pregnancies.

Degree: 2002, University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/15553

Subjects/Keywords: fetal growth; placental transport; human; pregnancy PTHrP (38-94); intrauterine growth restriction; diabetes; calcium

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Strid, H. 1. (2002). Calcium transport across the human placenta. The activity, expression and regulation of Ca2+ ATPase in normal and complicated pregnancies. (Thesis). University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2077/15553

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Strid, Hilja 1962-. “Calcium transport across the human placenta. The activity, expression and regulation of Ca2+ ATPase in normal and complicated pregnancies.” 2002. Thesis, University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/15553.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Strid, Hilja 1962-. “Calcium transport across the human placenta. The activity, expression and regulation of Ca2+ ATPase in normal and complicated pregnancies.” 2002. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Strid H1. Calcium transport across the human placenta. The activity, expression and regulation of Ca2+ ATPase in normal and complicated pregnancies. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet; 2002. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/15553.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Strid H1. Calcium transport across the human placenta. The activity, expression and regulation of Ca2+ ATPase in normal and complicated pregnancies. [Thesis]. University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet; 2002. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/15553

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Open Access Theses and Dissertations