subject:(Physics Atmospheric Science )

Harvard University

1. Koby, Timothy Robert. Development of a Trajectory Model for the Analysis of Stratospheric Water Vapor.

Degree: PhD, 2016, Harvard University

URL: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493564

►

To study stratospheric water vapor, a new trajectory model was created. The model is built from first principles specific to stratospheric motion and can run… (more)

▼

To study stratospheric water vapor, a new trajectory model was created. The model is built from first principles specific to stratospheric motion and can run on any gridded dataset, making it more versatile than current solutions. The design of a new model was motivated by measurements of elevated stratospheric water vapor, which in situ isotopic measurements have determined to be tropospheric in origin. A moist stratosphere has substantial feedbacks in the climate system including radiative, chemical, and biological effects. Additionally, elevated stratospheric water vapor is theorized as an important coupling in the historical transition to the Eocene, 56 million years ago, as well as emergence from the Eocene 40 million years ago. This transition mirrors modern climate change, both in surface temperature and carbon dioxide increase. However, the historical transition became much more extreme and settled to a state of warm temperatures from the equator to the poles with little variation in between. The lack of latitudinal gradient in temperature is associated with a moist stratosphere, which provides additional motivation for thoroughly understanding the effects of adding water vapor to the stratosphere in a climatological context. The time evolution of water vapor enhancements from convective injection is analyzed by initializing trajectories over satellite-measured water vapor enhancements. The model runs show water vapor concentrations that remain elevated over the background concentrations for several days and often over a week, which is of the timescale that warrants concern over increased halogen catalyzed ozone loss and the subsequent risk to public health. By analyzing stratospheric winds during the summer months over North America using normalized angular momentum, a pattern of frequent stratospheric anticyclonic activity over North America emerges as a unique feature of the region. This provides a mechanism for the modeled persistent elevated water vapor and validates observations. In a climate like today's with increasing surface radiative forcing, the magnitude and frequency of convective injection may increase, with dramatic consequences on the climate system and human health.

Physics

Advisors/Committee Members: Anderson, James xmlui.authority.confidence.description.cf_ambiguous (advisor), Kaxiras, Efthimios (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Physics; Atmospheric Science

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APA (6^th Edition):

Koby, T. R. (2016). Development of a Trajectory Model for the Analysis of Stratospheric Water Vapor. (Doctoral Dissertation). Harvard University. Retrieved from http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493564

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Koby, Timothy Robert. “Development of a Trajectory Model for the Analysis of Stratospheric Water Vapor.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Harvard University. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493564.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Koby, Timothy Robert. “Development of a Trajectory Model for the Analysis of Stratospheric Water Vapor.” 2016. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Koby TR. Development of a Trajectory Model for the Analysis of Stratospheric Water Vapor. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Harvard University; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493564.

Council of Science Editors:

Koby TR. Development of a Trajectory Model for the Analysis of Stratospheric Water Vapor. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Harvard University; 2016. Available from: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493564

University of Oklahoma

2. Snyder, Jeffrey. Observations and Simulations of Polarimetric, X-Band Radar Signatures in Supercells.

Degree: PhD, 2013, University of Oklahoma

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/6398

► Polarimetric weather radars, with the additional information collected, allow one to infer scatterer and precipitation properties considerably more easily than single-polarization radars. Given the relationship… (more)

▼ Polarimetric weather radars, with the additional information collected, allow one to infer scatterer and precipitation properties considerably more easily than single-polarization radars. Given the relationship between the thermodynamic, mass, and kinematic fields and the resulting structure of the microphysical quantities within convective storms, examining the polarimetric characteristics of hydrometeors and the polarimetric structure of supercells provides potentially valuable information about processes and storm-relevant variables that are currently unobservable by single-polarization radar. In this study, two previously-undocumented polarimetric signatures – the low-reflectivity ribbon and the area of anomalously low co-polar cross-correlation coefficient to the left of the bounded weak echo region – observed by two mobile, X-band, polarimetric radars are examined. Since there are appreciable differences in scattering properties of some hydrometeors at different radar frequencies and most of the past work on polarimetric signatures in supercells has used S band radar data, examples of other signatures observed by X-band radars are also presented. Given the recent development of advanced multimoment microphysics schemes and polarimetric radar emulators, examining the polarimetric structure of simulated supercells can help elucidate the microphysical and kinematic structure of simulated polarimetric signatures. To do so, a series of idealized high-resolution simulations are performed using eight different vertical shear profiles in an attempt to investigate the relationships between observed signatures, the structure of microphysical and kinematic fields within the simulated supercells, and potential sensitivities to vertical wind shear variations. Many of the previously-observed signatures are reproduced in the simulations; results from these simulations are reported. Advisors/Committee Members: Bluestein, Howard (advisor), Straka, Jerry (committee member), Ryzhkov, Alexander (committee member), Zhang, Guifu (committee member), Lakshmivarahan, S. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Physics; Atmospheric Science.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Snyder, J. (2013). Observations and Simulations of Polarimetric, X-Band Radar Signatures in Supercells. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oklahoma. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/6398

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Snyder, Jeffrey. “Observations and Simulations of Polarimetric, X-Band Radar Signatures in Supercells.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oklahoma. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11244/6398.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Snyder, Jeffrey. “Observations and Simulations of Polarimetric, X-Band Radar Signatures in Supercells.” 2013. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Snyder J. Observations and Simulations of Polarimetric, X-Band Radar Signatures in Supercells. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oklahoma; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/6398.

Council of Science Editors:

Snyder J. Observations and Simulations of Polarimetric, X-Band Radar Signatures in Supercells. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oklahoma; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/6398

University of Oklahoma

3. Dahl, Nathan. Coupling the Advanced Regional Prediction System and the Discrete Event Specification Fire Spread Model to Predict Wildfire Behavior.

Degree: PhD, 2014, University of Oklahoma

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/10403

► The cost of wildfire suppression in the United States has risen dramatically over the last 20 years. As the interface between wildland and urban areas… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Physics; Atmospheric Science.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Dahl, N. (2014). Coupling the Advanced Regional Prediction System and the Discrete Event Specification Fire Spread Model to Predict Wildfire Behavior. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oklahoma. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/10403

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dahl, Nathan. “Coupling the Advanced Regional Prediction System and the Discrete Event Specification Fire Spread Model to Predict Wildfire Behavior.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oklahoma. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11244/10403.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dahl, Nathan. “Coupling the Advanced Regional Prediction System and the Discrete Event Specification Fire Spread Model to Predict Wildfire Behavior.” 2014. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Dahl N. Coupling the Advanced Regional Prediction System and the Discrete Event Specification Fire Spread Model to Predict Wildfire Behavior. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oklahoma; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/10403.

Council of Science Editors:

Dahl N. Coupling the Advanced Regional Prediction System and the Discrete Event Specification Fire Spread Model to Predict Wildfire Behavior. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oklahoma; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/10403

Iowa State University

4. Clark, Adam James. Predictability associated with convection-allowing and convection-parameterizing forecasts.

Degree: 2010, Iowa State University

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3380372

► Exponential increases in computing power during the last 30 years have allowed operational numerical weather (NWP) models to steadily refine their grid-spacing to better… (more)

▼ Exponential increases in computing power during the last 30 years have allowed operational numerical weather (NWP) models to steadily refine their grid-spacing to better represent topographic features and related physical processes. The reductions in model grid-spacing have contributed to significant improvements in forecasts of many important meteorological fields, but improvements in warm-season forecasts of sensible weather phenomenon like deep moist convection and related fields have lagged considerably behind. Because severe weather generated by deep moist convection has a high societal impact in the United States, generating accurate and reliable short-term forecasts of warm season moist convection remains one of the most challenging tasks for the current generation of NWP models. The deficiencies in warm season forecasts of deep moist convection have been linked to the use of cumulus parameterization which is necessary to depict the effects of sub-grid scale convective processes. Thus, it is widely believed that significant improvements in warm season convective precipitation forecasts will not be obtained until operational mesoscale models use grid-spacing sufficiently small so that convective processes can be treated explicitly. In addition, because of predictability limitations, forecasts explicitly depicting convection must also use ensembles to manifest skill and quantify forecast uncertainty. Only until very recently have computational capabilities begun to allow testing of convection-allowing forecasts in a real-time forecasting environment, and for the first time relatively large datasets of deterministic as well as ensemble convection-allowing simulations covering domains over most of the contiguous US are available. The purpose of this dissertation is to utilize these datasets to explore various aspects related to the performance and characteristics of convection-allowing simulations relative to convection-parameterizing simulations with emphasis on ensemble guidance.

Subjects/Keywords: Meteorology; Physics, Atmospheric Science

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APA (6^th Edition):

Clark, A. J. (2010). Predictability associated with convection-allowing and convection-parameterizing forecasts. (Thesis). Iowa State University. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3380372

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Clark, Adam James. “Predictability associated with convection-allowing and convection-parameterizing forecasts.” 2010. Thesis, Iowa State University. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3380372.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Clark, Adam James. “Predictability associated with convection-allowing and convection-parameterizing forecasts.” 2010. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Clark AJ. Predictability associated with convection-allowing and convection-parameterizing forecasts. [Internet] [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2010. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3380372.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Clark AJ. Predictability associated with convection-allowing and convection-parameterizing forecasts. [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2010. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3380372

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

5. Hosseinpour, Farnaz. Mechanisms of Interactions between Aerosol Physics and Atmospheric Dynamics.

Degree: 2017, University of Nevada, Reno

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10622786

► This study gained novel insights into mechanistic interactions of dust and smoke particles with large-scale climate dynamics. This study revealed that the variability Saharan… (more)

▼ This study gained novel insights into mechanistic interactions of dust and smoke particles with large-scale climate dynamics. This study revealed that the variability Saharan dust radiative properties is significantly linked to high-frequency atmospheric wave activity across the tropical Atlantic storm tracks, while the variability of smoke particles from the South African biomass burning is attributed by low-frequency oscillations of baroclinic instability of the region. We proposed that the impacts of Saharan Air Layer (SAL) on large-scale climate dynamics mainly occur through coupling of dust radiative forcing with eddy energetics of the African easterly jet-African easterly waves (AEJ-AEWs) systems. This study quantified the thermal/mechanical impacts of oceanic SAL on activity of the AEWs and the regional feedback of eddies onto the mean-circulations from a climatological point of view. We found that both upstream and downstream developments of eddy energy are affected by oceanic SAL radiative forcing. It is suggested that dust radiative forcing has the capability to affect the transient changes in baroclinic instability of the jet-wave system through eddy available potential energy, and contribute in exchange of kinetic energy between the AEWs and AEJ through baroclinic and barotropic conversions. This study discussed that Saharan dust radiative properties have both constructive and destructive effects on behaviors of the AEWs, which depend on structure of the waves at different time-scale: the eddy kinetic energy (EKE) of the 2—6-day ultrahigh-frequency waves are amplified in average 1-day after enhancing of dust radiative forcing, while the EKE of the 6—11-day intermediate-frequency waves weakens during dust storm events. In addition, over the western African monsoon (WAM) region and the entrance of the tropical Atlantic storm track, the 2—6-day filtered AEWs become more barotropic during oceanic SAL outbreaks. The anomalous changes in meridional and quadruple momentum fluxes of 2—6-day filtered AEWs, associated with enhanced dust in the oceanic SAL, tend to an easterly feedback onto the southern edge of the mean-AEJ. However, at the middle- to exit region of the southern storm track, the anomalous convergent momentum fluxes of 2—6-day AEWs, associated with dust outbreak, tends to increase the regional baroclinic instability through the 3 main local energy packets, which may initiate a higher chance of hurricane activity. Applying ensemble of large NASA satellite observations data sets, such as MODIS, SeaWiFS and TRMM as well as GOCART aerosol model and MERRA reanalysis indicates that the suggested results are consistent regardless of the selected data sets. Overall, we proposed that the regional radiative properties of aerosols and thermal/mechanical activity of wave-jet systems are dynamically coupled and it is not suggested to consider either as a response to one another.

Subjects/Keywords: Physics; Atmospheric sciences; Environmental science

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hosseinpour, F. (2017). Mechanisms of Interactions between Aerosol Physics and Atmospheric Dynamics. (Thesis). University of Nevada, Reno. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10622786

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hosseinpour, Farnaz. “Mechanisms of Interactions between Aerosol Physics and Atmospheric Dynamics.” 2017. Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10622786.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hosseinpour, Farnaz. “Mechanisms of Interactions between Aerosol Physics and Atmospheric Dynamics.” 2017. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Hosseinpour F. Mechanisms of Interactions between Aerosol Physics and Atmospheric Dynamics. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Nevada, Reno; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10622786.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Hosseinpour F. Mechanisms of Interactions between Aerosol Physics and Atmospheric Dynamics. [Thesis]. University of Nevada, Reno; 2017. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10622786

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Oklahoma

6. Jabrzemski, Rafal. Application of the Forward Sensitivity Method to Data Assimilation of the Lagrangian Tracer Dynamics.

Degree: PhD, 2014, University of Oklahoma

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/10363

► The analysis of the dynamics of a tracer/drifter/buoy floating on the free surface of the water waves in the open ocean whose motion is described… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Computer Science.; Physics, Atmospheric Science.; Physical Oceanography.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jabrzemski, R. (2014). Application of the Forward Sensitivity Method to Data Assimilation of the Lagrangian Tracer Dynamics. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oklahoma. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/10363

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jabrzemski, Rafal. “Application of the Forward Sensitivity Method to Data Assimilation of the Lagrangian Tracer Dynamics.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oklahoma. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11244/10363.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jabrzemski, Rafal. “Application of the Forward Sensitivity Method to Data Assimilation of the Lagrangian Tracer Dynamics.” 2014. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Jabrzemski R. Application of the Forward Sensitivity Method to Data Assimilation of the Lagrangian Tracer Dynamics. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oklahoma; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/10363.

Council of Science Editors:

Jabrzemski R. Application of the Forward Sensitivity Method to Data Assimilation of the Lagrangian Tracer Dynamics. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oklahoma; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/10363

7. O'Meara, Simon. Estimating the volatility of aerosol components and diffusion through the particle-phase.

Degree: PhD, 2017, University of Manchester

URL: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/estimating-the-volatility-of-aerosol-components-and-diffusion-through-the-particlephase(4b002229-b459-4f56-a51e-62a949519a44).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.728261

► Accurate models of aerosol transformation including partitioning between the gas- and particle-phase are needed for estimating their effects on climate and air quality. In this… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: 551.5; Vapour Pressures; Particulate Matter; Diffusion; Atmospheric Physics; Environmental Science; Atmospheric Science; Atmospheric Chemistry; Aerosol

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APA (6^th Edition):

O'Meara, S. (2017). Estimating the volatility of aerosol components and diffusion through the particle-phase. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/estimating-the-volatility-of-aerosol-components-and-diffusion-through-the-particlephase(4b002229-b459-4f56-a51e-62a949519a44).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.728261

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

O'Meara, Simon. “Estimating the volatility of aerosol components and diffusion through the particle-phase.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed March 02, 2021. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/estimating-the-volatility-of-aerosol-components-and-diffusion-through-the-particlephase(4b002229-b459-4f56-a51e-62a949519a44).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.728261.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

O'Meara, Simon. “Estimating the volatility of aerosol components and diffusion through the particle-phase.” 2017. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

O'Meara S. Estimating the volatility of aerosol components and diffusion through the particle-phase. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/estimating-the-volatility-of-aerosol-components-and-diffusion-through-the-particlephase(4b002229-b459-4f56-a51e-62a949519a44).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.728261.

Council of Science Editors:

O'Meara S. Estimating the volatility of aerosol components and diffusion through the particle-phase. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2017. Available from: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/estimating-the-volatility-of-aerosol-components-and-diffusion-through-the-particlephase(4b002229-b459-4f56-a51e-62a949519a44).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.728261

8. O'Meara, Simon Patrick. Estimating the Volatility of Aerosol Components and Diffusion Through the Particle-Phase.

Degree: 2017, University of Manchester

URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:307091

►

Accurate models of aerosol transformation including partitioning between the gas- and particle-phase are needed for estimating their effects on climate and air quality. In this… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Aerosol; Environmental Science; Atmospheric Science; Atmospheric Chemistry; Atmospheric Physics; Vapour Pressures; Diffusion; Particulate Matter

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APA (6^th Edition):

O'Meara, S. P. (2017). Estimating the Volatility of Aerosol Components and Diffusion Through the Particle-Phase. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:307091

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

O'Meara, Simon Patrick. “Estimating the Volatility of Aerosol Components and Diffusion Through the Particle-Phase.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:307091.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

O'Meara, Simon Patrick. “Estimating the Volatility of Aerosol Components and Diffusion Through the Particle-Phase.” 2017. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

O'Meara SP. Estimating the Volatility of Aerosol Components and Diffusion Through the Particle-Phase. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:307091.

Council of Science Editors:

O'Meara SP. Estimating the Volatility of Aerosol Components and Diffusion Through the Particle-Phase. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2017. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:307091

9. Vermette, Stephen Jude. An analysis of intense storms in the Detroit Windsor area, 1974 – 1983 (Michigan, Ontario).

Degree: MA, Geography, 1985, National Library of Canada

URL: http://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/952

Dept. of Geography. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1985 .V475. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 40-07, page: . Thesis (M.A.) – University of Windsor (Canada), 1985.

Subjects/Keywords: Physics; Atmospheric Science.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Vermette, S. J. (1985). An analysis of intense storms in the Detroit Windsor area, 1974 – 1983 (Michigan, Ontario). (Masters Thesis). National Library of Canada. Retrieved from http://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/952

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Vermette, Stephen Jude. “An analysis of intense storms in the Detroit Windsor area, 1974 – 1983 (Michigan, Ontario).” 1985. Masters Thesis, National Library of Canada. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/952.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Vermette, Stephen Jude. “An analysis of intense storms in the Detroit Windsor area, 1974 – 1983 (Michigan, Ontario).” 1985. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Vermette SJ. An analysis of intense storms in the Detroit Windsor area, 1974 – 1983 (Michigan, Ontario). [Internet] [Masters thesis]. National Library of Canada; 1985. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/952.

Council of Science Editors:

Vermette SJ. An analysis of intense storms in the Detroit Windsor area, 1974 – 1983 (Michigan, Ontario). [Masters Thesis]. National Library of Canada; 1985. Available from: http://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/952

10. Kurtz, Nathan Timothy. Application of satellite laser altimetry data to studies of sea ice properties and processes.

Degree: 2010, University of Maryland, Baltimore County

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3389401

► Sea ice plays an important role in the global climate system by impacting the energy balance of the Earth as well as affecting the… (more)

▼ Sea ice plays an important role in the global climate system by impacting the energy balance of the Earth as well as affecting the oceanic and atmospheric circulations. Recently, large changes have been observed in the Earth’s areal coverage of sea ice. However, little is currently known about sea ice thickness particularly at the scales needed for climate research. Spaceborne remote sensing provides the necessary global scale of coverage, but the retrieval of sea ice thickness from space has not been possible until recently with the launch of satellite altimeters of high accuracy and precision. The Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) is one such laser altimeter with the potential to retrieve the height of the snow plus ice layer above the water level, or sea ice freeboard. The combination of sea ice freeboard data with snow depth retrievals and the assumption of hydrostatic balance allows for the determination of sea ice thickness. The goal of this study is to use data from ICESat to provide sea ice thickness values at the global scale and high spatial resolution needed for climate studies. The work presented in this thesis includes the validation and improvement of ICESat data products, development and validation of sea ice freeboard retrieval algorithms using the ICESat data products, and the development of a method to combine ICESat freeboard retrievals with a snow depth data set to determine sea ice thickness at the 70 m spatial resolution of ICESat. The ICESat data set is used to study sea ice thickness, heat exchange, and ice production in the Arctic Ocean for the 2003-2008 time period. Despite the thinning of the Arctic sea ice cover over the 2003-2008 time period, mean ice growth rates for consecutive fall and winter measurement periods remained relatively constant. An increased ice growth rate which may be expected from a thinner ice cover appeared to be balanced by warmer temperatures. An increased ocean-atmosphere heat flux is also observed due to the thinning of the sea ice cover.

Subjects/Keywords: Physical Oceanography; Physics, Atmospheric Science; Remote Sensing

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kurtz, N. T. (2010). Application of satellite laser altimetry data to studies of sea ice properties and processes. (Thesis). University of Maryland, Baltimore County. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3389401

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kurtz, Nathan Timothy. “Application of satellite laser altimetry data to studies of sea ice properties and processes.” 2010. Thesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore County. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3389401.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kurtz, Nathan Timothy. “Application of satellite laser altimetry data to studies of sea ice properties and processes.” 2010. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Kurtz NT. Application of satellite laser altimetry data to studies of sea ice properties and processes. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Maryland, Baltimore County; 2010. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3389401.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kurtz NT. Application of satellite laser altimetry data to studies of sea ice properties and processes. [Thesis]. University of Maryland, Baltimore County; 2010. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3389401

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Michigan

11. McGill, Matthew James. Recovery and validation of wind and aerosol profiles from incoherent Doppler lidar measurements.

Degree: PhD, Atmospheric and Space Science, 1996, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/104989

► An incoherent Doppler lidar system has been developed at the Space Physics Research Laboratory at the University of Michigan to provide simultaneous measurements of wind… (more)

▼ An incoherent Doppler lidar system has been developed at the Space Physics Research Laboratory at the University of Michigan to provide simultaneous measurements of wind and aerosol backscatter profiles throughout the atmospheric boundary layer. The lidar utilizes Fabry-Perot interferometers to filter background sunlight and to achieve the required spectral resolution. This lidar system is capable of uninterrupted daytime and nighttime operation and provides profiles with 100-meter vertical resolution and 6-minute temporal resolution. Development of the physical instrument is described, with emphasis on Fabry-Perot interferometers and their use. Spectra measured with this lidar contain three separate pieces of information: wind (Doppler shift), aerosol backscatter, and molecular backscatter. It will be shown that these three components of the return signal are functionally independent. This orthogonality will be exploited in developing a non-linear least-squares fitting method to extract all three components from the measured spectra. Results from use of this fitting method are shown. Because multiple Fabry-Perot interferometers are used, it is important to maintain resonance between the two interferometers. If the two interferometers are not in resonance, the spectral shape can become distorted, which can bias determinations of the Doppler shift. A fourth parameter can be added to the fitting algorithm to account for the effect of a wavelength offset between the peak transmissions of the two interferometers. Results obtained using this four-parameter fitting method are also shown. Examples of measured wind and aerosol backscatter profiles are examined. To validate the fitting technique and the incoherent lidar method, a rawinsonde system was co-located with the lidar. A comparison of the wind profiles shows a rms error of ∼2 m/s. The intercomparison also points out several instrument changes that can be made to improve this error. Overall, the study shows that the incoherent Doppler lidar is a very powerful and competitive meteorological instrument for tropospheric measurements. Advisors/Committee Members: Abreu, Vincent (advisor), Skinner, Wilbert (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Physics; Atmospheric Science

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APA (6^th Edition):

McGill, M. J. (1996). Recovery and validation of wind and aerosol profiles from incoherent Doppler lidar measurements. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/104989

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

McGill, Matthew James. “Recovery and validation of wind and aerosol profiles from incoherent Doppler lidar measurements.” 1996. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/104989.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

McGill, Matthew James. “Recovery and validation of wind and aerosol profiles from incoherent Doppler lidar measurements.” 1996. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

McGill MJ. Recovery and validation of wind and aerosol profiles from incoherent Doppler lidar measurements. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 1996. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/104989.

Council of Science Editors:

McGill MJ. Recovery and validation of wind and aerosol profiles from incoherent Doppler lidar measurements. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 1996. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/104989

University of Michigan

12. Johnson, Brian Robert. Laboratory and theoretical study of the far-infrared spectra of Martian ices.

Degree: PhD, Atmospheric and Space Sciences, 1993, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/103609

► Ices in the atmospheres and on the surfaces of planets are thought to play important roles in the evolution and stability of planetary atmospheres. In… (more)

▼ Ices in the atmospheres and on the surfaces of planets are thought to play important roles in the evolution and stability of planetary atmospheres. In this dissertation, the capability of far infrared spectral observations to determine planetary ice composition was investigated. Thin film transmission spectra of crystalline (Ic) and amorphous H₂O ice and crystalline CO₂ ice deposited on a silicon substrate were measured in the laboratory by a Fourier transform spectrometer and used to calculate their refractive indices at temperatures of 77 to 150 K over the range 50-500 cm^-1. The refractive index data were compared with previously published data and generally agreed well to within the ∼20% experimental error. The chief source of error was due to uncertainty in film thickness, determined by fitting channel spectra with a theoretical transmission model. The derived refractive indices were incorporated into a radiative transfer model used to study the far infrared properties of cloud and surface ices on Mars. Thin mid-latitude H₂O ice clouds with typical integrated ice amounts of ∼0.5 pr μm have vertical far infrared optical depths of the order of 10^-4, making their detection difficult. However, cloud models based on Viking observations of the polar regions produced observable spectral features (ΔT ≤ 8K) in calculated spectra near 225 cm^-1. The presence of a CO₂ ice haze lowered the apparent surface brightness temperature by 10-20 K. Theoretical emission by CO₂ frost shows strong spectral contrast of ∼20-30 K near the lattice absorption bands in solid CO₂. In the weakly absorbing inter-band region, CO₂ frost emissivity is ∼0.4 increasing to ∼0.7 with the incorporation of small amounts (0.1-1.0%) of dust or water ice. H₂O frost exhibits poor spectral contrast in this region with an emissivity close to unity. Far infrared observations of Martian polar condensates and CO₂ frost by a conventional satellite-based instrument in earth orbit may be feasible but would require a collecting aperture ≥ 15 m to achieve adequate spatial resolution. Interferometric techniques involving one or more satellites is theoretically capable of achieving the high spatial resolution required for far infrared planetary observations. Advisors/Committee Members: Atreya, Sushil K. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Physics; Atmospheric Science

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APA (6^th Edition):

Johnson, B. R. (1993). Laboratory and theoretical study of the far-infrared spectra of Martian ices. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/103609

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Johnson, Brian Robert. “Laboratory and theoretical study of the far-infrared spectra of Martian ices.” 1993. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/103609.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Johnson, Brian Robert. “Laboratory and theoretical study of the far-infrared spectra of Martian ices.” 1993. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Johnson BR. Laboratory and theoretical study of the far-infrared spectra of Martian ices. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 1993. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/103609.

Council of Science Editors:

Johnson BR. Laboratory and theoretical study of the far-infrared spectra of Martian ices. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 1993. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/103609

University of Michigan

13. Raskin, Robert Gary. Spectral energetics of the lower thermosphere.

Degree: PhD, Atmospheric and Space Sciences, 1992, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/103297

► A spectral energetics analysis of the lower thermosphere is carried out using simulated data from the NCAR Thermosphere-Ionosphere General Circulation Model (TIGCM). The results clarify… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Physics; Atmospheric Science

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APA (6^th Edition):

Raskin, R. G. (1992). Spectral energetics of the lower thermosphere. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/103297

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Raskin, Robert Gary. “Spectral energetics of the lower thermosphere.” 1992. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/103297.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Raskin, Robert Gary. “Spectral energetics of the lower thermosphere.” 1992. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Raskin RG. Spectral energetics of the lower thermosphere. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 1992. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/103297.

Council of Science Editors:

Raskin RG. Spectral energetics of the lower thermosphere. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 1992. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/103297

University of Michigan

14. Daniel, John Stewart. A method of removing aerosol extinction from HALOE measurements.

Degree: PhD, Atmospheric and Space Sciences, 1993, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/103741

► After the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in June, 1991, a large number of volcanic aerosols were formed in the lower and middle stratosphere. At these… (more)

▼ After the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in June, 1991, a large number of volcanic aerosols were formed in the lower and middle stratosphere. At these altitudes, the aerosol presence has adversely affected the gas retrievals in the radiometer channels of the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) because of the excessive extinction of radiation. A radiative transfer model has been developed along with a retrieval algorithm that can correct for these aerosol effects, using information derived from the HALOE gas correlation channels. Because the gas correlation modulation signal is virtually unaffected by the aerosols, accurate aerosol optical depth measurements can be retrieved. It is shown that by utilizing this optical depth information, an "effective" size distribution may be obtained at each retrieval altitude. With knowledge of temperature and water vapor concentration profiles, and NO and CH₄ channel aerosol optical depth data, it is possible to calculate the average mass fraction of sulfuric acid through an iterative scheme. This information, in conjunction with the optical constants, allows aerosol scattering and absorption to be calculated for any desired wavelength. Because of the nature of the correction sensitivity to the retrieved aerosol parameters, this correction can be made to within ten percent in the water vapor and ozone channels. In addition to providing a correction, the techniques presented provide a useful retrieval of line of sight aerosol optical depth and aerosol composition. It is only possible to determine a size distribution if HALOE information is combined with other measurements. Because larger particles play a more significant role when aerosol volume and surface area are desired, these quantities should be able to be obtained with more accuracy. However, further study is required in this area. The study of all these parameters should allow for the observation of spatial and temporal changes in aerosol characteristics from October, 1991, until HALOE is no longer operable. Advisors/Committee Members: Drayson, S. Roland (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Physics; Atmospheric Science

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APA (6^th Edition):

Daniel, J. S. (1993). A method of removing aerosol extinction from HALOE measurements. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/103741

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Daniel, John Stewart. “A method of removing aerosol extinction from HALOE measurements.” 1993. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/103741.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Daniel, John Stewart. “A method of removing aerosol extinction from HALOE measurements.” 1993. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Daniel JS. A method of removing aerosol extinction from HALOE measurements. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 1993. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/103741.

Council of Science Editors:

Daniel JS. A method of removing aerosol extinction from HALOE measurements. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 1993. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/103741

University of Michigan

15. Won, Youngin. Studies of thermospheric neutral winds utilizing ground-based optical and radar measurements.

Degree: PhD, Atmospheric and Space Sciences, 1994, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/104056

► The neutral dynamics of the F-region and the lower thermosphere have been investigated through extensive ground-based measurements. Ground-based Fabry-Perot Interferometers at Thule Air Base (76.5\sp∘… (more)

▼ The neutral dynamics of the F-region and the lower thermosphere have been investigated through extensive ground-based measurements. Ground-based Fabry-Perot Interferometers at Thule Air Base (76.5\sp∘ N, 68.4\sp∘ W) and Sondre Stromfjord (67.0\sp∘ N, 50.9\sp∘ W), Greenland, are utilized to investigate high-latitude neutral dynamics in the F-region (∼250 km) by observing the (OI) 6300 A emission line profiles. They are also used to study the lower thermospheric region (∼97 km) by observing the (OI) 5577 A line profiles. The high-latitude mean neutral winds in the F-region thermosphere vary significantly with changes in the level of solar activity and geomagnetic condition due to the direct and indirect influence of high-latitude magnetospheric and ionospheric processes. Careful treatment is used in analyzing the (OI) 5577 A measurements because of the possible contamination from auroral emission and weak F-region emission. The ambiguity in the altitude of the emission layer is removed by eliminating data with relatively high signal intensity, because the auroral emission contribution is always much greater than the nightglow. The contribution originating from the upper layer to the measured winds has been quantified by performing a computer simulation. The simulation results indicate that the measured winds at Thule may have a substantial diurnal oscillatory component from the F-region. The same simulation shows negligible F-region contamination for Sondre Stromfjord winds. Tidal information is extracted from the averaged winds and compared with radar measurements in similar locations and model output. The global structure of lower thermospheric dynamics is investigated utilizing a comprehensive data base of lower thermospheric wind measurements. Data are assembled from various radar systems. The data, together with FPI measurements, are used to develop an empirical model of global lower thermospheric diurnal and semidiurnal tidal oscillations. The amplitudes of tidal oscillations generally increase with height in the lower thermospheric region. Advisors/Committee Members: Kileen, Timothy (advisor), Johnson, Roberta (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Physics; Atmospheric Science

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APA (6^th Edition):

Won, Y. (1994). Studies of thermospheric neutral winds utilizing ground-based optical and radar measurements. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/104056

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Won, Youngin. “Studies of thermospheric neutral winds utilizing ground-based optical and radar measurements.” 1994. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/104056.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Won, Youngin. “Studies of thermospheric neutral winds utilizing ground-based optical and radar measurements.” 1994. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Won Y. Studies of thermospheric neutral winds utilizing ground-based optical and radar measurements. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 1994. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/104056.

Council of Science Editors:

Won Y. Studies of thermospheric neutral winds utilizing ground-based optical and radar measurements. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 1994. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/104056

University of Michigan

16. Meyer, David James. Estimation of clear sky albedo over a tallgrass prairie using the advanced very high resolution radiometer.

Degree: PhD, Atmospheric and Space Sciences, 1994, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/104176

► A study is conducted to explore the use of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) for estimating albedo (directional-hemispherical reflectance) over the Konza Prairie… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Physics; Atmospheric Science

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APA (6^th Edition):

Meyer, D. J. (1994). Estimation of clear sky albedo over a tallgrass prairie using the advanced very high resolution radiometer. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/104176

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Meyer, David James. “Estimation of clear sky albedo over a tallgrass prairie using the advanced very high resolution radiometer.” 1994. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/104176.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Meyer, David James. “Estimation of clear sky albedo over a tallgrass prairie using the advanced very high resolution radiometer.” 1994. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Meyer DJ. Estimation of clear sky albedo over a tallgrass prairie using the advanced very high resolution radiometer. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 1994. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/104176.

Council of Science Editors:

Meyer DJ. Estimation of clear sky albedo over a tallgrass prairie using the advanced very high resolution radiometer. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 1994. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/104176

University of Michigan

17. Luo, Mingzhao. A new instrument for the study of mesospheric gravity waves through nightglow observations.

Degree: PhD, Atmospheric and Space Sciences, 1991, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/105569

► The observations of the mesospheric nightglow have been used to study the characteristics of propagating gravity waves for two decades. This study involves the design… (more)

▼ The observations of the mesospheric nightglow have been used to study the characteristics of propagating gravity waves for two decades. This study involves the design and construction of an optical instrument with high spatial and temporal resolutions and the development of proper observation mode and data analysis techniques. A new variety of low resolution spectrometer is developed in this dissertation. This device, an Image Plane Detector Spectrophotometer (IPDS), measures the rotational temperature and brightness of molecular band emissions or the brightness of an atomic line. It uses an interference filter as a dispersive element and an Image Plane Detector (IPD) as the photon collecting device. The IPDS can measure a spectrum at twelve wavelength positions simultaneously without mechanical scan. Therefore, it has the advantage of increasing temporal resolution in nightglow observations. The IPDS has high throughput compared to traditional spectroscopic instrument, and it is compact in size and portable. This dissertation describes the principle, design, construction and calibrations of a ground-based IPDS. Although the commercial filter used did not fully meet our specifications, the instrument performed reasonably well. The data reduction technique is described. This technique is used to recover the rotational temperature and brightness of molecular band emissions from observed spectral signals. The errors in recovered parameters are also examined. The ground-based IPDS was set up to measure night-time mesosopheric emissions in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The rotational temperature and brightness of the O₂(0-1) and OH(6-2) bands were obtained as a function of local time at one position in the sky. Oscillations in the temperature and brightness are clearly revealed, indicating the presence of gravity waves. Some degrees of co-variances showed in the brightness and temperature trends. A four-position observation mode of measuring (OI) green line intensity is described. This measurement is conducted in order to examine the possibility of determining gravity wave parameters. A discussion is given about obtaining wave propagation direction and horizontal wavelength using time delays among the observed intensities at four positions. The result shows that by using only time delays, one cannot uniquely identify the wave. A criterion of eliminating some of possible waves is presented, which is based upon the wave-airglow interaction theory. The effect of background wind is also discussed. As a conclusion, a multi-instrument observation is suggested to completely study the characteristics of gravity waves in the mesosphere. Advisors/Committee Members: Hays, Paul B. (advisor), Yee, Jeng-Hwa (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Physics; Atmospheric Science

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APA (6^th Edition):

Luo, M. (1991). A new instrument for the study of mesospheric gravity waves through nightglow observations. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/105569

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Luo, Mingzhao. “A new instrument for the study of mesospheric gravity waves through nightglow observations.” 1991. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/105569.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Luo, Mingzhao. “A new instrument for the study of mesospheric gravity waves through nightglow observations.” 1991. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Luo M. A new instrument for the study of mesospheric gravity waves through nightglow observations. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 1991. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/105569.

Council of Science Editors:

Luo M. A new instrument for the study of mesospheric gravity waves through nightglow observations. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 1991. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/105569

University of Michigan

18. Huang, Yi-Wan Theresa. The response of the middle atmosphere to external perturbations: A numerical study using an interactive two-dimensional model.

Degree: PhD, Atmospheric and Space Sciences, 1993, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/103426

► A coupled chemical-dynamical-radiative 2-D model that has been extended up to the lower thermosphere is used to investigate the response of the middle atmosphere to… (more)

▼ A coupled chemical-dynamical-radiative 2-D model that has been extended up to the lower thermosphere is used to investigate the response of the middle atmosphere to external perturbations. Three types of external perturbations on the middle atmosphere are examined: thermal and mechanical forcing perturbation, ozone catalytic species perturbation, and the 11-year solar flux variability. We are particularly interested in the role of feedback in the atmospheric response to perturbations. In the stratosphere, the response to thermal forcing is primarily through radiative adjustment. However, in the summer stratosphere, a significant portion of the response occurs through the meridional circulation driven by gravity wave forcing in the mesosphere. In the mesosphere, the gravity wave forcing provides the dominant mechanism for the circulation response to thermal forcing changes. Temperature feedback is the most effective feedback mechanism on ozone loss. Throughout most of the sunlit part of the middle atmosphere, temperature has a negative feedback effect on ozone. An exception to this is in the lower polar stratosphere at late winter and early spring, where the temperature decrease enhances the ozone depletion process. During the polar night, circulation and eddy diffusion feedback have the largest impact on ozone. Transport mechanism has a much larger effect on ozone during the polar night. A small change in the residual circulation is shown to greatly affect the ozone concentration in the upper stratospheric polar night region. As a result, mesospheric wave activity may have a significant impact on the ozone depletion phenomenon in the lower stratosphere. Despite the various feedback mechanisms inherent in the model, imposing the solar flux variation generates only a weak response from the stratosphere. The predicted response of the model to long-term solar variability is substantially smaller than those predicted by previous studies. However, the downward transport of high odd-nitrogen content air at solar-maximum condition during the polar night may significantly increase the stratospheric ozone response to long-term solar variability. (Abstract shortened by UMI.). Advisors/Committee Members: Smith, Anne K. (advisor), Drayson, S. Roland (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Physics; Atmospheric Science

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APA (6^th Edition):

Huang, Y. T. (1993). The response of the middle atmosphere to external perturbations: A numerical study using an interactive two-dimensional model. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/103426

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Huang, Yi-Wan Theresa. “The response of the middle atmosphere to external perturbations: A numerical study using an interactive two-dimensional model.” 1993. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/103426.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Huang, Yi-Wan Theresa. “The response of the middle atmosphere to external perturbations: A numerical study using an interactive two-dimensional model.” 1993. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Huang YT. The response of the middle atmosphere to external perturbations: A numerical study using an interactive two-dimensional model. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 1993. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/103426.

Council of Science Editors:

Huang YT. The response of the middle atmosphere to external perturbations: A numerical study using an interactive two-dimensional model. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 1993. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/103426

University of Michigan

19. Jenkins, Gregory Stephen. An investigation of the Archean climate using the NCAR CCM.

Degree: PhD, Atmospheric and Space Sciences, 1991, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/105718

► The Archean (2.5 to 3.8 billion years ago) is of interest climatically, because of the "Faint-Young Sun Paradox", which can be characterized by the Sun's… (more)

▼ The Archean (2.5 to 3.8 billion years ago) is of interest climatically, because of the "Faint-Young Sun Paradox", which can be characterized by the Sun's reduced energy output. This lower energy output leads to a frozen planet if the climate existed as it does today but, the geologic record shows that water was flowing at the earth's surface 3.8 billion years ago. Energy Balance Models (EBMs) and one-dimensional radiative-convective (1DRC) models predict a frozen planet for this time period, unless large carbon dioxide concentrations (CO₂) exist in the Archean atmosphere. The goal of this thesis is to explore the Archean climate with the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Community Climate Model (CCM). The search for negative feedbacks to explain the "Faint-Young Sun Paradox" is the thrust of this study. This study undertakes a series of sensitivity simulations which first explores individual factors that may be important for the Archean. They include rotation rate, lower solar luminosity, and land fraction. Then, these climatic factors along with higher (CO₂) concentrations are combined into a set of experiments. A faster rotation rate may have existed in the Archean. The faster rotation rate simulations show warmer globally averaged surface temperatures that are caused by a 20% decrease in the total cloud fraction. The smaller cloud fraction is brought about by dynamical changes. A global ocean is a possibility for the Archean. A global ocean simulation predicts 4 K increase in global mean surface temperatures compared to the present-day climate control. Experiments with the following conditions are then combined: rotation rate corresponding to a 14-hr day, 8 × CO₂, zero land fraction and decreased solar luminosities of 10, 15, and 20%. The results show that a very equitable climate exist up to a 15% decrease in the solar luminosity. As the solar constant is reduced by 20% the simulated climate becomes unstable with sea ice existing near the equator. The conclusions are: (1) large CO₂ concentrations in the Archean atmosphere are not necessary to obtain an equitable climate; (2) a faster rotation rate causes a large reduction clouds. (3) Atmospheric dynamics are large components of the climate system and cannot be ignored. Advisors/Committee Members: Kuhn, William R. (advisor), Washington, Warren M. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Physics; Atmospheric Science

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jenkins, G. S. (1991). An investigation of the Archean climate using the NCAR CCM. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/105718

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jenkins, Gregory Stephen. “An investigation of the Archean climate using the NCAR CCM.” 1991. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/105718.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jenkins, Gregory Stephen. “An investigation of the Archean climate using the NCAR CCM.” 1991. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Jenkins GS. An investigation of the Archean climate using the NCAR CCM. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 1991. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/105718.

Council of Science Editors:

Jenkins GS. An investigation of the Archean climate using the NCAR CCM. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 1991. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/105718

University of Michigan

20. Hume, Edward Eugene, Jr. A study of mid -latitude 5577angstrom OI dayglow emissions.

Degree: PhD, Atmospheric and Space Science, 1992, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/105913

► The green line (5577A) is a bright, persistent component of the visible airglow that is produced by an electric quadrupole transition from the meta-stable second… (more)

▼ The green line (5577A) is a bright, persistent component of the visible airglow that is produced by an electric quadrupole transition from the meta-stable second excited state (¹S₀) to the first excited state (¹D₂) of atomic oxygen. In this thesis, production and loss mechanisms important to the F-region dayglow 5577A emission are investigated. Four major source reactions need to be incorporated in the modeling of the emission profile, photoelectron impact on atomic oxygen, dissociative recombination of O₂⁺, quenching of N₂(A³Σ_u⁺) by atomic oxygen, and photo-dissociation of O₂ which becomes more important below the emission peak. For some of the reactions, the properties of the rate coefficients, branching ratios, and cross sections are not well known. Models are used to determine the rate coefficients, branching ratios, and cross sections for these reactions based on observations. The impact of photoelectrons on atomic oxygen is the primary source of 5577A dayglow emission in the thermosphere. The observed profiles of 5577A emission are best reproduced by the impact cross sections of Henry et al. (1969). This is in good agreement with the latest theoretical cross sections of Berrington and Burke (1991, Personal Communication) but about a factor of two smaller than the cross sections measured by Shyn et al. (1986). The quenching of N₂(A) by atomic oxygen is an important source of the 5577A emission at the peak in the layer. The total quenching rate was determined using a vibrational model and a band model for N₂ to study emissions at 3371A from the Atmosphere Explorer satellite. The value of the rate coefficient deduced here agrees well with experimental values by Piper and Caledonia (1981) and Thomas and Kaufman (1985). The effective branching ratio determined by this study tends to support the results from Piper (1982) and De Souza et al. (1985). The effect of the distribution of the vibrational population of the N₂(A³Σ_u⁺) state on the branching ratio is also discussed. The extension of the dayglow photochemistry into the twilight is also investigated. The model developed for the dayglow can reasonably reproduce the rapidly changing twilight emissions. Advisors/Committee Members: Abreu, Vincent J. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Physics; Atmospheric Science

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hume, Edward Eugene, J. (1992). A study of mid -latitude 5577angstrom OI dayglow emissions. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/105913

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hume, Edward Eugene, Jr. “A study of mid -latitude 5577angstrom OI dayglow emissions.” 1992. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/105913.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hume, Edward Eugene, Jr. “A study of mid -latitude 5577angstrom OI dayglow emissions.” 1992. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Hume, Edward Eugene J. A study of mid -latitude 5577angstrom OI dayglow emissions. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 1992. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/105913.

Council of Science Editors:

Hume, Edward Eugene J. A study of mid -latitude 5577angstrom OI dayglow emissions. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 1992. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/105913

University of Michigan

21. Bucholtz, Anthony. The retrieval of aerosol, molecular, and surface parameters from the stratospheric measurements of the High-Resolution Doppler Imager.

Degree: PhD, Atmospheric and Space Sciences, 1991, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/105350

► The High Resolution Doppler Imager (HRDI) is a triple-etalon Fabry-Perot interferometer/photometer to be flown on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) in late 1991. it… (more)

▼ The High Resolution Doppler Imager (HRDI) is a triple-etalon Fabry-Perot interferometer/photometer to be flown on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) in late 1991. it will measure absorption lines in the O₂ Atmospheric band system, (b¹Σ_g⁺ - X³Σ_g^-), making vertical limb scans through the stratosphere. This study explores the possibility of using these measurements to recover aerosol and molecular total volume scattering coefficients, temperature, pressure, density, effective surface albedo, and effective cloud top height. Techniques have been developed and tested using a radiance model which simulates the measurements of the HRDI. Possible sources of error have also been elaborated. Using the interferometer and photometer limb scan measurements, a method has been developed to retrieve estimates of an effective surface albedo and an effective cloud top height. Model generated values of the normalized ratio of line center to asymptote and the normalized area under an absorption line, are compared to the ratio and area of an observed O₂ line in order to obtain an estimate of the parameters. The technique, when applied to the limb scan observations, was found to be sensitive to noise in the measurements. The stratospheric limb scan photometer measurements are used to obtain an estimate of the aerosol and molecular scattering coefficients. Two scans of a common volume of the atmosphere, usually consisting of a forward and a backscattered measurement, are employed in the retrieval. Newtonian iteration is used to solve the nonlinear brightness equation for the parameters. In most situations the method recovers the aerosol scattering coefficients to within 10-20% of the true values, while the molecular scattering coefficients are recovered to within 5-10% of the true values. Noise in the measurements did not have a significant effect on the recovery. From the estimate of the molecular scattering coefficient, the density, temperature, and pressure are retrieved by using the standard theory of Rayleigh scattering, the ideal gas law, and the hydrostatic equation. The accuracy of the recovered parameters was found to be most dependent on the accuracy of the previously recovered molecular scattering coefficient. Averaging over scans was found to improve the retrieval significantly. Advisors/Committee Members: Abreu, Vincent J. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Physics; Atmospheric Science

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bucholtz, A. (1991). The retrieval of aerosol, molecular, and surface parameters from the stratospheric measurements of the High-Resolution Doppler Imager. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/105350

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bucholtz, Anthony. “The retrieval of aerosol, molecular, and surface parameters from the stratospheric measurements of the High-Resolution Doppler Imager.” 1991. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/105350.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bucholtz, Anthony. “The retrieval of aerosol, molecular, and surface parameters from the stratospheric measurements of the High-Resolution Doppler Imager.” 1991. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Bucholtz A. The retrieval of aerosol, molecular, and surface parameters from the stratospheric measurements of the High-Resolution Doppler Imager. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 1991. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/105350.

Council of Science Editors:

Bucholtz A. The retrieval of aerosol, molecular, and surface parameters from the stratospheric measurements of the High-Resolution Doppler Imager. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 1991. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/105350

22. Miller, Samuel T K. The central New England sea breeze study.

Degree: PhD, 2003, University of New Hampshire

URL: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/196

► The synoptic and mesoscale environments conducive to the formation of sea breezes were examined, as well as the spatial and temporal evolution of sea-breeze… (more)

▼ The synoptic and mesoscale environments conducive to the formation of sea breezes were examined, as well as the spatial and temporal evolution of sea-breeze circulations, gravity currents, and fronts along the central New England coast. Sea breeze events were defined as occurring when the observed surface wind direction began the day outside the southeast quadrant, shifted to southeast by afternoon, then shifted back out of the southeast quadrant in the evening, driven by mesoscale, insolation-induced cross-shore temperature gradients. The meso-alpha (200 – 2000 km) sea-breeze forcing in the study area was defined as a combination of the cross-shore potential temperature gradient (deltatheta/deltax) that may drive sea breezes inland, and the cross-shore geostrophic wind component (uG) that may resist the landward movement of sea breezes. It was found that the peak values and temporal evolution of the meso-alpha forcing were dependent on the locations and relative dominance of synoptic-scale surface pressure systems in the eastern United States. These conclusions can often be used to accurately predict sea-breeze events, and their time of onset, using surface observations recorded in the early morning. The forecasting technique is adaptable to any coastal location in the world. Meso-beta (20 – 200 km) horizontal variations in the sea-breeze circulation, gravity current, and front were compared to deltatheta/deltax and the cross-shore wind component at 925 hPa (u925) in the study area. The latter was substituted for uG because it also accounts for the synoptic-scale temperature gradient between the surface and 925 hPa via the thermal wind relation. Near-surface potential temperature (isentropic) fields were used to examine the sea-breeze gravity current, and the wind (kinematic) fields were used to examine the sea-breeze circulation. Isentropic gradient fields were used to examine the thermodynamic sea-breeze front, and convergence fields were used to examine the kinematic sea-breeze front. It was found that the most developed pattern the sea-breeze gravity current achieved, the time of the sea-breeze circulation's first contact with the coast and its most advanced inland distance, and the peak meso-beta strength of the sea-breeze frontal components were all functions of the meso-alpha forcing. Advisors/Committee Members: Barry Keim.

Subjects/Keywords: Physics; Atmospheric Science

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APA (6^th Edition):

Miller, S. T. K. (2003). The central New England sea breeze study. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New Hampshire. Retrieved from https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/196

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Miller, Samuel T K. “The central New England sea breeze study.” 2003. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New Hampshire. Accessed March 02, 2021. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/196.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Miller, Samuel T K. “The central New England sea breeze study.” 2003. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Miller STK. The central New England sea breeze study. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New Hampshire; 2003. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/196.

Council of Science Editors:

Miller STK. The central New England sea breeze study. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New Hampshire; 2003. Available from: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/196

23. CHEN, CHIA YU. NEUTRON MEASUREMENTS AT BALLOON ALTITUDES USING ORGANIC SCINTILLATORS AND APPLICATION FOR GAMMA-RAY MEASUREMENTS.

Degree: PhD, 1975, University of New Hampshire

URL: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1103

Subjects/Keywords: Physics; Atmospheric Science

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APA (6^th Edition):

CHEN, C. Y. (1975). NEUTRON MEASUREMENTS AT BALLOON ALTITUDES USING ORGANIC SCINTILLATORS AND APPLICATION FOR GAMMA-RAY MEASUREMENTS. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New Hampshire. Retrieved from https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1103

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

CHEN, CHIA YU. “NEUTRON MEASUREMENTS AT BALLOON ALTITUDES USING ORGANIC SCINTILLATORS AND APPLICATION FOR GAMMA-RAY MEASUREMENTS.” 1975. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New Hampshire. Accessed March 02, 2021. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1103.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

CHEN, CHIA YU. “NEUTRON MEASUREMENTS AT BALLOON ALTITUDES USING ORGANIC SCINTILLATORS AND APPLICATION FOR GAMMA-RAY MEASUREMENTS.” 1975. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

CHEN CY. NEUTRON MEASUREMENTS AT BALLOON ALTITUDES USING ORGANIC SCINTILLATORS AND APPLICATION FOR GAMMA-RAY MEASUREMENTS. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New Hampshire; 1975. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1103.

Council of Science Editors:

CHEN CY. NEUTRON MEASUREMENTS AT BALLOON ALTITUDES USING ORGANIC SCINTILLATORS AND APPLICATION FOR GAMMA-RAY MEASUREMENTS. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New Hampshire; 1975. Available from: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1103

24. MORGAN, BARRY GENE. A DETERMINATION OF CONVECTIVE ELECTRIC FIELDS THROUGH IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS OF THE IONOSPHERIC F-REGION THERMAL ION SPECTRA.

Degree: PhD, 1976, University of New Hampshire

URL: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1144

Subjects/Keywords: Physics; Atmospheric Science

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APA (6^th Edition):

MORGAN, B. G. (1976). A DETERMINATION OF CONVECTIVE ELECTRIC FIELDS THROUGH IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS OF THE IONOSPHERIC F-REGION THERMAL ION SPECTRA. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New Hampshire. Retrieved from https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1144

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

MORGAN, BARRY GENE. “A DETERMINATION OF CONVECTIVE ELECTRIC FIELDS THROUGH IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS OF THE IONOSPHERIC F-REGION THERMAL ION SPECTRA.” 1976. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New Hampshire. Accessed March 02, 2021. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1144.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

MORGAN, BARRY GENE. “A DETERMINATION OF CONVECTIVE ELECTRIC FIELDS THROUGH IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS OF THE IONOSPHERIC F-REGION THERMAL ION SPECTRA.” 1976. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

MORGAN BG. A DETERMINATION OF CONVECTIVE ELECTRIC FIELDS THROUGH IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS OF THE IONOSPHERIC F-REGION THERMAL ION SPECTRA. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New Hampshire; 1976. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1144.

Council of Science Editors:

MORGAN BG. A DETERMINATION OF CONVECTIVE ELECTRIC FIELDS THROUGH IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS OF THE IONOSPHERIC F-REGION THERMAL ION SPECTRA. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New Hampshire; 1976. Available from: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1144

25. RICKMAN, JAMES DEAN, JR. COLLISIONLESS EVOLUTION OF THE AURORAL ELECTRON VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION.

Degree: PhD, 1978, University of New Hampshire

URL: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1204

Subjects/Keywords: Physics; Atmospheric Science

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APA (6^th Edition):

RICKMAN, JAMES DEAN, J. (1978). COLLISIONLESS EVOLUTION OF THE AURORAL ELECTRON VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New Hampshire. Retrieved from https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1204

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

RICKMAN, JAMES DEAN, JR. “COLLISIONLESS EVOLUTION OF THE AURORAL ELECTRON VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION.” 1978. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New Hampshire. Accessed March 02, 2021. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1204.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

RICKMAN, JAMES DEAN, JR. “COLLISIONLESS EVOLUTION OF THE AURORAL ELECTRON VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION.” 1978. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

RICKMAN, JAMES DEAN J. COLLISIONLESS EVOLUTION OF THE AURORAL ELECTRON VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New Hampshire; 1978. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1204.

Council of Science Editors:

RICKMAN, JAMES DEAN J. COLLISIONLESS EVOLUTION OF THE AURORAL ELECTRON VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New Hampshire; 1978. Available from: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1204

26. POLLOCK, CRAIG JAMES. ROCKET-BORNE LOW ENERGY ION MEASUREMENTS IN SPACE.

Degree: PhD, 1987, University of New Hampshire

URL: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1523

► A capped hemisphere electrostatic analyzer has been developed for the purpose of performing detailed studies of charged particle distributions in space from sounding rocket… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Physics; Atmospheric Science

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APA (6^th Edition):

POLLOCK, C. J. (1987). ROCKET-BORNE LOW ENERGY ION MEASUREMENTS IN SPACE. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New Hampshire. Retrieved from https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1523

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

POLLOCK, CRAIG JAMES. “ROCKET-BORNE LOW ENERGY ION MEASUREMENTS IN SPACE.” 1987. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New Hampshire. Accessed March 02, 2021. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1523.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

POLLOCK, CRAIG JAMES. “ROCKET-BORNE LOW ENERGY ION MEASUREMENTS IN SPACE.” 1987. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

POLLOCK CJ. ROCKET-BORNE LOW ENERGY ION MEASUREMENTS IN SPACE. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New Hampshire; 1987. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1523.

Council of Science Editors:

POLLOCK CJ. ROCKET-BORNE LOW ENERGY ION MEASUREMENTS IN SPACE. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New Hampshire; 1987. Available from: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1523

Harvard University

27. Kuntz, Lauren. Multi-Decadal Climate Variability: A Pacific Mechanism With Global Implications.

Degree: PhD, 2018, Harvard University

URL: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:40049985

►

Over the instrumental record, global surface temperatures have increased in a step-like pattern. Two periods of rapid temperature rise (1910 to 1945 and 1976 to… (more)

▼

Over the instrumental record, global surface temperatures have increased in a step-like pattern. Two periods of rapid temperature rise (1910 to 1945 and 1976 to roughly 2000) are separated by periods of relative temperature stability (1945 to 1976 and roughly 2000 to present). There is no consensus as to the relative roles of internal variability and external forcing in generating this multi-decadal variability. Both mechanisms could cause decadal changes in the rate of warming. Changes in external forcings can modulate earth’s net energy imbalance; during periods where negative forcings are large enough to mask greenhouse gas forcings, temperatures can stabilize. In contrast, internal variability does not necessarily change the net energy uptake of the earth system. Rather it shifts the distribution of heat uptake between components of the climate system, modifying the rate of global surface temperature rise. In this dissertation, we use a combination of observation, model, and theory to explore the sources of decadal variability in the historical record. We find that atmospheric aerosols cannot reproduce the circulation patterns tied to the most recent period of temperature stability. These results suggest that this warming plateau is not externally forced and also call to question the attribution of the mid-century plateau to aerosol forcing. We also investigate the sources of internal variability in the equatorial Pacific, a region critical to modulating global climate. By combining temperature and salinity measurements from the Argo array with current measurements from the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) buoys, we characterize the waters that upwell from the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) into the eastern equatorial Pacific. We find a large hemispheric asymmetry in the water mass contribution to the EUC, with up to 90% of waters originating from the Southern Hemisphere. This suggests that variability in the EUC and eastern equatorial Pacific should originate in the South Pacific. Focusing on variability in ventilated thermocline of the South Pacific, we propose a new mechanism to explain decadal variability in the tropical Pacific. Data, model, and theory point to decadal changes in the structure of the ventilated thermocline that modify EUC strength and temperatures in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Approximating this mechanism of variability in a climate model creates a staircase pattern of warming, similar to the pattern observed over the historical temperature record. This suggests the proposed mode of internal variability can explain some of the decadal variability in global surface temperatures. Data reveal the a thickness anomaly in the ventilated thermocline of the South Pacific propagating westward and equatorward starting in 2010. Our hypothesis predicts that when this anomaly reaches the equator, it will end the current period of temperature stability, and also suggests the step-wise warming pattern observed over the 20th century will continue into the future.

Earth and Planetary…

Advisors/Committee Members: Schrag, Daniel (advisor), Huybers, Peter (committee member), Johnston, David (committee member), Tziperman, Eli (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Physical Oceanography; Physics, Atmospheric Science; Environmental Sciences

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kuntz, L. (2018). Multi-Decadal Climate Variability: A Pacific Mechanism With Global Implications. (Doctoral Dissertation). Harvard University. Retrieved from http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:40049985

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kuntz, Lauren. “Multi-Decadal Climate Variability: A Pacific Mechanism With Global Implications.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Harvard University. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:40049985.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kuntz, Lauren. “Multi-Decadal Climate Variability: A Pacific Mechanism With Global Implications.” 2018. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Kuntz L. Multi-Decadal Climate Variability: A Pacific Mechanism With Global Implications. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Harvard University; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:40049985.

Council of Science Editors:

Kuntz L. Multi-Decadal Climate Variability: A Pacific Mechanism With Global Implications. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Harvard University; 2018. Available from: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:40049985

University of Arizona

28. Bellaire, Paul John. Spectral signatures of the Earth's night airglow observed from the Space Shuttle .

Degree: 1997, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282400

► This research extends an observation program that recorded the night airglow from a Tucson ground station using an imaging spectrograph known as GLO. GLO was… (more)

▼ This research extends an observation program that recorded the night airglow from a Tucson ground station using an imaging spectrograph known as GLO. GLO was designed at the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory of the University of Arizona to observe auroral and airglow emissions, and recorded midlatitude airglow data near equinox during Space Shuttle mission STS-69 in September 1995. GLO observations from the shuttle recorded the night airglow layer seen edge on at the Earth's limb. These observations from orbit exhibit a fundamentally different picture of the night airglow compared to observations from the ground. GLO data also represent the first simultaneous optical measurements of airglow emissions over the spectral range from 1150 to 9000 A, showing global emission variations in the night sky. Intensity variations are not correlated among emitting species, implying greater dynamism and more complex chemical interactions in the airglow than previously assumed. Although other researchers have described observations of organized waves and tides in the night airglow, these prior observations are sporadic or averaged over long time periods. The night sky intensity variations recorded by GLO do not exhibit any obvious relationship to atmospheric tides. They may instead be the result of a chaotic superposition of upward and downward vertical motions. This upwelling and subsidence may cause the decoupling of airglow emissions in the O2 Atmospheric band, the OH Meinel band, and the atomic oxygen green line at 5577 A. Emission enhancements with maxima-to-minima ratios of 4 to 12 depending on emitting species, have been observed in the GLO data. Emissions in the O2 Atmospheric band system and the OI (5577 A) green line show a greater dynamic range of variation than the OH Meinel band system. The chemistry along a limited line-of-sight can be explained by classical airglow chemistry, but only over a limited altitude range. Dynamic effects in the 80 to 100 km region are sufficiently chaotic to present mixed results when inferring chemical processes as a function of altitude. Advisors/Committee Members: Krider, E. Philip (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Physics; Atmospheric Science.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bellaire, P. J. (1997). Spectral signatures of the Earth's night airglow observed from the Space Shuttle . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282400

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bellaire, Paul John. “Spectral signatures of the Earth's night airglow observed from the Space Shuttle .” 1997. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282400.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bellaire, Paul John. “Spectral signatures of the Earth's night airglow observed from the Space Shuttle .” 1997. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Bellaire PJ. Spectral signatures of the Earth's night airglow observed from the Space Shuttle . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 1997. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282400.

Council of Science Editors:

Bellaire PJ. Spectral signatures of the Earth's night airglow observed from the Space Shuttle . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 1997. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282400

University of Arizona

29. Gast, Karl Frederick, 1961-. OH detection by near-infrared fluorescence quenching of a polymethine dye .

Degree: 1997, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282404

► The development and investigation of a new technique for measuring tropospheric concentrations of hydroxyl radicals (OH) is presented. The technique is based on the near-infrared… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Physics; Atmospheric Science.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gast, Karl Frederick, 1. (1997). OH detection by near-infrared fluorescence quenching of a polymethine dye . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282404

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gast, Karl Frederick, 1961-. “OH detection by near-infrared fluorescence quenching of a polymethine dye .” 1997. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282404.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gast, Karl Frederick, 1961-. “OH detection by near-infrared fluorescence quenching of a polymethine dye .” 1997. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Gast, Karl Frederick 1. OH detection by near-infrared fluorescence quenching of a polymethine dye . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 1997. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282404.

Council of Science Editors:

Gast, Karl Frederick 1. OH detection by near-infrared fluorescence quenching of a polymethine dye . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 1997. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282404

University of Arizona

30. Adams, David Kenton. Application of the heat engine framework to modeling of large-scale atmospheric convection .

Degree: 2003, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280339

► The heat engine framework is examined in terms of large-scale atmospheric convection in order to investigate several theoretical and modeling issues related to the steady-state… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Physics; Atmospheric Science.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Adams, D. K. (2003). Application of the heat engine framework to modeling of large-scale atmospheric convection . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280339

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Adams, David Kenton. “Application of the heat engine framework to modeling of large-scale atmospheric convection .” 2003. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280339.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Adams, David Kenton. “Application of the heat engine framework to modeling of large-scale atmospheric convection .” 2003. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Adams DK. Application of the heat engine framework to modeling of large-scale atmospheric convection . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2003. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280339.

Council of Science Editors:

Adams DK. Application of the heat engine framework to modeling of large-scale atmospheric convection . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2003. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280339

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