subject:(Physical oceanography)

University of Washington

1. Hsu, Je-Yuan. Estimates of Drag Coefficients and Surface Waves under Tropical Cyclones using Subsurface EM-APEX floats.

Degree: PhD, 2018, University of Washington

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/40950

► Nineteen autonomous EM-APEX floats were air-launched from aircraft to measure the profiles of ocean current velocity, temperature, salinity, and high-frequency velocity variance (σ_u ) ̃²… (more)

▼ Nineteen autonomous EM-APEX floats were air-launched from aircraft to measure the profiles of ocean current velocity, temperature, salinity, and high-frequency velocity variance (σ_u ) ̃² under five different tropical cyclones. In the first part of this work, the surface wind stress τ is estimated by integrating the float velocity measurements in the vertical, assuming a linear momentum budget balance. The biases and uncertainties of estimated τ are studied carefully, using the simulations of tropical cyclone-induced ocean response in the Price–Pinkel–Weller (PWP3D) model. The results are reliable only before passage of the storms’ eyes. At wind speeds |U10| = 25–40 m s–1 the downwind drag coefficient C_∥ is 1.1–3.1 × 10–3 in the front-right sector of tropical cyclones and 0.8–1.7 × 10–3 in the front-left sector. At wind speeds |U10| > 40 m s–1, the C_∥ is ~ 1.6 × 10–3. The angle ϕ of drag τ is mostly clockwise from the wind U10 in the front-right sector of storms. A new parameter, the nondimensional effective wind duration ζ^*, is proposed as a function of wind forcing, storm translation, and fetch length. The value of ζ^* is shown to predict the values of C_∥ and ϕ. C_∥ increases with decreasing ζ^*. We propose that surface waves with larger amplitude are forced more efficiently by the wind under faster storms, resulting in stronger surface wave breaking and thus higher C_∥. In the second part of this work, the peak frequency fp and significant wave height Hs of surface waves are estimated under Typhoon Fanapi using a nonlinear least-squared fit of the modeled profiles to the profiles of (σ_u ) ̃² measured by the floats, assuming the Joint North Sea Wave Project (JONSWAP) surface wave spectrum. The fp is 0.08–0.10 Hz, with the maximum fp (0.10 Hz) in the rear-left quadrant of Fanapi. The Hs is 6–12 m with the maximum in the rear sector of Fanapi. The results are then assessed and compared to the simulations in the WAVEWATCH III surface wave model. The contributions of this work, including the improvements to previous methods for estimating τ and surface waves using subsurface EM-APEX floats, the estimates of drag coefficients and ϕ under five tropical cyclones, and the data-based parameterization of drag coefficients in terms of surface waves’ effects, are all important to future studies of tropical cyclone–wave–ocean interactions. Advisors/Committee Members: Lien, Ren-Chieh (advisor), D'Asaro, Eric A. (advisor).

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hsu, J. (2018). Estimates of Drag Coefficients and Surface Waves under Tropical Cyclones using Subsurface EM-APEX floats. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Washington. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1773/40950

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hsu, Je-Yuan. “Estimates of Drag Coefficients and Surface Waves under Tropical Cyclones using Subsurface EM-APEX floats.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Washington. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/40950.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hsu, Je-Yuan. “Estimates of Drag Coefficients and Surface Waves under Tropical Cyclones using Subsurface EM-APEX floats.” 2018. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Hsu J. Estimates of Drag Coefficients and Surface Waves under Tropical Cyclones using Subsurface EM-APEX floats. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Washington; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/40950.

Council of Science Editors:

Hsu J. Estimates of Drag Coefficients and Surface Waves under Tropical Cyclones using Subsurface EM-APEX floats. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Washington; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/40950

University of Washington

2. Chinn, Brian. On the structure of the internal wave field: the impact of the distribution of shear and strain variance in wavenumber-frequency space on mixing estimates.

Degree: PhD, 2016, University of Washington

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/35287

► Data from an archive of McLane Moored Profiler (MP) deployments are used to investigate the role of internal waves, and in general physical processes occupying… (more)

▼ Data from an archive of McLane Moored Profiler (MP) deployments are used to investigate the role of internal waves, and in general physical processes occupying this frequency range, on the dissipation of kinetic energy and to study how these processes work to shape the spectral characteristics of the wavefield. The data used come from 5 separate field programs, and by analyzing them as a set, provides the opportunity to not only compare and contrast an unprecedented range of different forcing regimes, but also supports the discovery of unique observations of physical processes at individual sites. This dissertation is composed of four separate chapters that address different aspects of this idea. First, two records, one to the North (MP1) and one to the South (MP2), of Mindoro strait, which lies between the South China Sea and the Sulu Sea, were used to study the processes driving mixing in the Strait. The records are dominated by near inertial variability and internal tides at both the diurnal and semidiurnal frequencies. Analysis of the velocity records from MP1 reveals suggestive evidence for the presence of parametric subharmonic instability of the diurnal tide as well as curious rectilinear bottom trapped near inertial waves. Diffusivities estimated via Thorpe scale analysis at MP1 reveal weak mixing over much of the water column that increases nearly an order of magnitude near the bottom and is strongly tied to the tides. Average mixing rates are found to be insufficient to produce observed changes in water mass properties suggesting additional processes are at play. Second, variability in the shear to strain ratio (R_ω) is investigated with the goal of understanding the factors that influence R_ω variability, quantifying its time and space scales, and determining how variability impacts estimates of parameterized diffusivity. Time mean R_ω from each of the sites spans a range from 1 to 10 and within each record, temporal variability around the mean is sufficient to produce a factor of 2-3 change in parameterized diffusivity. Vertical structure of R_ω appears strongly tied to topographic properties and wind forcing. In general, sites can be categorized as having R_ω controlled by shear or by strain. Finally, we find that with sufficient characterization of a site, a predictive model of R_ω can be made that reduces error in R_ω values relative to assuming R_ω=3 by over 30%. Third, aspects of the the wavenumber frequency spectrum are explored. We find that while a separable representation of the spectrum can be made that has the same level of variance, the observed structure cannot be modeled with a single form in vertical wavenumber. Narrow band peaks attenuate to match the background continuum by wavenumbers of approximately k=10^-2 cpm. At frequencies ω<5 cpd and wavenumbers k>10^-2 cpm, we find that the spectrum is nearly white in frequency and that nearly all frequency bands have collapsed to this same structure. Background… Advisors/Committee Members: Girton, James B (advisor).

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Chinn, B. (2016). On the structure of the internal wave field: the impact of the distribution of shear and strain variance in wavenumber-frequency space on mixing estimates. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Washington. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1773/35287

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chinn, Brian. “On the structure of the internal wave field: the impact of the distribution of shear and strain variance in wavenumber-frequency space on mixing estimates.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Washington. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/35287.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chinn, Brian. “On the structure of the internal wave field: the impact of the distribution of shear and strain variance in wavenumber-frequency space on mixing estimates.” 2016. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Chinn B. On the structure of the internal wave field: the impact of the distribution of shear and strain variance in wavenumber-frequency space on mixing estimates. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Washington; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/35287.

Council of Science Editors:

Chinn B. On the structure of the internal wave field: the impact of the distribution of shear and strain variance in wavenumber-frequency space on mixing estimates. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Washington; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/35287

Princeton University

3. Zanowski, Hannah Marietta. The Influence of Antarctic Open-Ocean Polynyas on the Abyssal Ocean.

Degree: 2017, Princeton University

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10248291

► In the mid-1970s, an enormous open-ocean polynya developed in the Weddell Sea. Since the Weddell Polynya's occurrence, no polynya of similar size or duration… (more)

▼ In the mid-1970s, an enormous open-ocean polynya developed in the Weddell Sea. Since the Weddell Polynya's occurrence, no polynya of similar size or duration has been observed in the region. A polynya of this magnitude could significantly affect global abyssal ocean properties via increased Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) formation and large Weddell Sea water mass property perturbations. However, the scarcity of 1970s Weddell Sea observations, coupled with the sparseness of abyssal ocean observations, make it difficult to study this phenomenon's oceanic impact without models. This dissertation examines the influence of Weddell Polynyas on abyssal ocean water mass properties and circulation using the GFDL CM2G coupled climate model. Abyssal ocean temperature, salinity, and water mass changes resulting from Weddell Polynyas are quantified in CM2G and compared to observations. The model polynyas initially cool the abyssal Southern Ocean and South Atlantic, but 2-3 decades after polynya cessation the same regions warm as they relax toward their mean state. Composites of multiple, spontaneously-occurring polynyas in CM2G reveal that up to 10% of recently observed warming in the abyssal Southern Ocean could be the result of the 1970s Weddell Polynya recovery. Weddell Polynya transport mechanisms are also investigated. Polynya signal transport is governed by two processes acting on different timescales and spreading at different rates: 1) topographic and planetary waves that act on interannual-to-decadal timescales, and 2) advection that acts on decadal-to-centennial timescales. Both mechanisms generate property changes on isobaths. Despite different spreading rates, the advective and wave signals act contemporaneously in many Southern Hemisphere abyssal basins. The combined effect and relative magnitude of the two signals dictates the prevailing property changes. During Weddell Polynyas, vigorous exchange occurs between the surface and deep waters, resulting in increased abyssal ventilation. In climate models, ideal age tracer is often used to investigate oceanic ventilation. This tracer suffers from several flaws that detract from its suitability as a ventilation diagnostic. We develop a new tracer, ?-age, that rectifies some of ideal age's problematic aspects and examine its utility in an offline tracer model.

Subjects/Keywords: Physical oceanography

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Zanowski, H. M. (2017). The Influence of Antarctic Open-Ocean Polynyas on the Abyssal Ocean. (Thesis). Princeton University. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10248291

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zanowski, Hannah Marietta. “The Influence of Antarctic Open-Ocean Polynyas on the Abyssal Ocean.” 2017. Thesis, Princeton University. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10248291.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zanowski, Hannah Marietta. “The Influence of Antarctic Open-Ocean Polynyas on the Abyssal Ocean.” 2017. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Zanowski HM. The Influence of Antarctic Open-Ocean Polynyas on the Abyssal Ocean. [Internet] [Thesis]. Princeton University; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10248291.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Zanowski HM. The Influence of Antarctic Open-Ocean Polynyas on the Abyssal Ocean. [Thesis]. Princeton University; 2017. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10248291

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Columbia University

4. Guan, Xiaorui. A Numerical Study of Oscillatory Shear Dispersion in the Benthic Layer and the Coastal Thermocline.

Degree: 2011, Columbia University

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3447867

► Two process oriented modeling studies are performed to examine the effect of tidal shear dispersion in two oceanic phenomena: the dense water discharge in… (more)

▼ Two process oriented modeling studies are performed to examine the effect of tidal shear dispersion in two oceanic phenomena: the dense water discharge in the benthic layer on the continental slope, and in the salty intrusion in the coastal seasonal thermocline. Motivated by the observed dominant tidal current in the benthic layer on the continental shelf of western Ross Sea, numerical studies were carried out to examine the importance of tidal shear dispersion in the benthic layer formation and facilitating the down-slope dense water discharge. In this process study, numerical simulations are employed to assess an existing analytical model, and to aid the interpretation of the observations in the western Ross Sea. Numerical experiments are carried out for both passive and active tracer experiments, which demonstrate the sharp contrast between the tidal and non-tidal cases. On a steep slope, the model result from the non-tidal case shows that the dense water cannot descend much beyond the shelf break due solely to Ekman advection. When tides are included, however, the dense benthic layer would span several times the Ekman depth, which reduces the diabatic mixing across the density interface that would otherwise dilute the density anomaly, hence allowing the dense water to be more efficiently propelled by the Ekman flow and tidal diffusion. The model results are consistent with the analytical model, and are also corroborated by the observations from AnSlope project. Over the mid-Atlantic shelves of North America, there is prominent onshore intrusion of the saltier slope water along the seasonal thermocline. Taking note of the observed prominence of baroclinic shear across the thermocline, we postulate that it may propel the intrusion through the shear dispersion. The same numerical model is utilized to assess the earlier analytical model and explore the important role of baroclinic shear dispersion. The numerical experiment results agree with the analytical model on the horizontal diffusivity in the thermocline. With inclusion of the baroclinic tidal forcing on the shelf, the numerical model has produced a reasonable simulation of the saline intrusion, in support of our hypothesis of shear dispersion as a possible generation mechanism.

Subjects/Keywords: Physical Oceanography

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Guan, X. (2011). A Numerical Study of Oscillatory Shear Dispersion in the Benthic Layer and the Coastal Thermocline. (Thesis). Columbia University. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3447867

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Guan, Xiaorui. “A Numerical Study of Oscillatory Shear Dispersion in the Benthic Layer and the Coastal Thermocline.” 2011. Thesis, Columbia University. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3447867.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Guan, Xiaorui. “A Numerical Study of Oscillatory Shear Dispersion in the Benthic Layer and the Coastal Thermocline.” 2011. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Guan X. A Numerical Study of Oscillatory Shear Dispersion in the Benthic Layer and the Coastal Thermocline. [Internet] [Thesis]. Columbia University; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3447867.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Guan X. A Numerical Study of Oscillatory Shear Dispersion in the Benthic Layer and the Coastal Thermocline. [Thesis]. Columbia University; 2011. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3447867

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of California, San Diego

5. Frants, Marina. Effects of horizontal advection and vertical mixing on natural iron fertilization in Southern Drake Passage.

Degree: 2011, University of California, San Diego

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3457451

► A combination of in situ and satellite data is used to examine the effects of horizontal advection, diapycnal mixing, and mixed-layer entrainment on natural… (more)

▼ A combination of in situ and satellite data is used to examine the effects of horizontal advection, diapycnal mixing, and mixed-layer entrainment on natural iron fertilization in a region near the Shackleton Fracture Zone in southern Drake Passage. Results from Optimal Multiparameter analysis of temperature, salinity, oxygen and nutrient data are consistent with a scenario in which iron-rich shelf waters from the South Shetland Islands and the Antarctic peninsula are advected northward on the eastern side of the Shackleton Transverse Ridge (STR), where they interact with the low-iron waters of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) in the Ona Basin. However, comparisons between sea surface height and Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) levels in the region for the years 1997–2010 indicate that this advection process is significantly correlated with biological productivity only during the months of November and December, while high Chl-a concentrations persist through March. Enhanced diapycnal mixing and mixed-layer entrainment are considered as alternative mechanisms for delivering iron into the Ona Basin mixed layer. While fine-scale mixing estimates lack the vertical resolution to fully resolve the small-scale density fluctuations in the low-stratification regime of the Southern Ocean, microstructure measurements indicate that diapycnal diffusivities in Drake Passage are on the order of 10−4 m² s−1. Based on these diffusivities, estimates of iron flux from iron concentrations measured during the summer of 2004 and winter of 2006 suggest that diapycnal mixing alone can supply iron ito the mixed layer at a rate of approximately 96±9 nmol m −2 day−1 during the winter and approximately 64±2 nmol m−2 day−1 during the summer. In addition, the Ona Basin mixed layer deepens from January into April, allowing for iron to be steadily entrained from below. Simulation of these vertical processes with a simple one-dimensional model yields an estimated mixed-layer entrainment rate of 12±9 nmol m−2 day−1, while the combined effect of mixing and entrainment can supply 176±44~nmol m−2 day−1 into the top 30 m from January to April, which is sufficient to sustain the phytoplankton bloom that persists in the basin throughout the summer months.

Subjects/Keywords: Physical Oceanography

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Frants, M. (2011). Effects of horizontal advection and vertical mixing on natural iron fertilization in Southern Drake Passage. (Thesis). University of California, San Diego. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3457451

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Frants, Marina. “Effects of horizontal advection and vertical mixing on natural iron fertilization in Southern Drake Passage.” 2011. Thesis, University of California, San Diego. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3457451.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Frants, Marina. “Effects of horizontal advection and vertical mixing on natural iron fertilization in Southern Drake Passage.” 2011. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Frants M. Effects of horizontal advection and vertical mixing on natural iron fertilization in Southern Drake Passage. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California, San Diego; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3457451.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Frants M. Effects of horizontal advection and vertical mixing on natural iron fertilization in Southern Drake Passage. [Thesis]. University of California, San Diego; 2011. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3457451

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Delaware

6. Dzwonkowski, Brian. Surface current analysis of shelf water in the central Mid-Atlantic Bight.

Degree: 2009, University of Delaware

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3344083

► Although there have been many circulation studies in the Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB), the large extent of the area inevitably leads to a synoptic under… (more)

▼ Although there have been many circulation studies in the Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB), the large extent of the area inevitably leads to a synoptic under sampling with numerous experiments having been conducted in limited regions and for limited durations. However, a tremendous amount of information has been gained from these studies, from which a well accepted general circulation pattern has emerged. While the general circulation pattern appears to be well understood, some of the smaller-scale details and variability, particularly in the across-shelf flow structure, have not been thoroughly examined. In recent years, high frequency (HF) radar networks have provided data that allows the study of smaller-scale surface flow characteristics and flow variability. Hence, the overall goal of this research was to examine sub-inertial surface flows, particularly across-shelf flow, in the central Mid-Atlantic Bight using HF data. Since 2001, a network of long-range HF radars has been operating along the New Jersey coast. These HF radars have measured surface currents at spatial scales of 6 km and temporal scales of 3 hours. As this remote sensing technology tends to have intermittent gaps, the lack of a completely continuous time series with uniform data coverage requires careful analysis. However, a period of maximum coverage area and minimum temporal gaps (Aug 15 2002–Feb 5 2004) was selected and intensively analyzed. A spectral analysis was conducted as the spatial and temporal extent of the study area provides a level of detail not previously available. The analysis of time series confirmed the expected spectral characteristics of a shelf velocity time series with statistically significant peaks over a broad range of low frequency signals, as well as tidal and near-inertial time-bands. A seasonal division of the data showed a striking contrast in the distribution of spectral energy between the mixed and stratified seasons with near-inertial and diurnal constituents contributing strongly to the variance in the stratified period. While not unexpected, the spectral analysis demonstrated the importance of low frequency processes in the surface layer. In terms of general circulation, the time-averaged, spatial mean velocity of 4 cm/s in the down-shelf along-shelf direction and 3 cm/s in the offshore across-shelf direction compared well to historical surface measurements in the study region. However, as the spatial resolution of the data set reveals, this simple measure masks significant spatial variations in the mean and seasonal flow structures, and their temporal/spatial correlation scales, which have not been well determined in the surface layer of the shelf in previous studies. In addition, there is significant variability from the observed mean. This study took particular interest in the across-shelf flow patterns as many aspects of across-shelf transport are still poorly understood. Animations of the low frequency current field showed that several episodic patterns with strong across-shelf…

Subjects/Keywords: Physical Oceanography

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Dzwonkowski, B. (2009). Surface current analysis of shelf water in the central Mid-Atlantic Bight. (Thesis). University of Delaware. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3344083

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dzwonkowski, Brian. “Surface current analysis of shelf water in the central Mid-Atlantic Bight.” 2009. Thesis, University of Delaware. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3344083.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dzwonkowski, Brian. “Surface current analysis of shelf water in the central Mid-Atlantic Bight.” 2009. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Dzwonkowski B. Surface current analysis of shelf water in the central Mid-Atlantic Bight. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Delaware; 2009. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3344083.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Dzwonkowski B. Surface current analysis of shelf water in the central Mid-Atlantic Bight. [Thesis]. University of Delaware; 2009. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3344083

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

The University of Maine

7. Deese-Riordan, Heather E. Salinity and stratification in the Gulf of Maine| 2001-2008.

Degree: 2010, The University of Maine

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3401442

► The salinity and vertical density structure (stratification) of the Gulf of Maine strongly Influence the physical and biological character of the region including: circulation… (more)

▼ The salinity and vertical density structure (stratification) of the Gulf of Maine strongly Influence the physical and biological character of the region including: circulation and transport, vertical mixing, and primary productivity. Variability in salinity and stratification also provides insights into the character and tirning of the oceanic waters entering the region, a key to predicting regional climate change. This thesis addresses outstanding questions related to variability in salinity and the relative role of salinity and temperature in creating stratification. Hourly observations from Ocean Observing System buoys throughout the Gulf provide the primary data source for this investigation. Analysis of estimated annual cycles, cross-correlations, and short-term (10-30 day) events indicate that Scotian Shelf Water (SSW) moves cyclonically around the Gulf, typically travelling from the southwest Scotian Shelf to Jordan Basin over one to two months and to the western Maine shelf over three to four months. SSW contributes to both freshening and salting, depending on season and location. River waters contribute to localized freshening of the Maine coastal shelf, especially during spring and autumn, and shelf waters contribute to near-surface (1m) freshening in Jordan Basin during the summer. The SSW, river inflows, and Slope Water contribute to seasonally and spatially variable stratification. Surface layer stratification is strongest in late July or early August, except on the western Maine shelf where peak stratification occurs in April, May, or June during years with large river inflows. Salinity is the primary determinant of stratification throughout the region. Salinity dominates surface layer stratification during winter, spring, and fall, and contributes 35-45% of the stratification during summer. Below 50m depth in Jordan Basin and the Northeast Channel mean temperature gradients are inverted and salinity completely supports stratification. A negative salinity anomaly of 0.6-0.8 in the surface, intermediate, and deep waters during 2004 and early 2005 occurred because of cold fresh Shelf Water inflows in February-April 2004 and September-November 2004, along with either less Slope Water or fresher Slope Water than average. St. Lawrence River discharge during 2003, unusual northerly winds, and unusually cold intermediate water on the Scotian Shelf may have contributed to these conditions.

Subjects/Keywords: Physical Oceanography

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Deese-Riordan, H. E. (2010). Salinity and stratification in the Gulf of Maine| 2001-2008. (Thesis). The University of Maine. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3401442

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Deese-Riordan, Heather E. “Salinity and stratification in the Gulf of Maine| 2001-2008.” 2010. Thesis, The University of Maine. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3401442.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Deese-Riordan, Heather E. “Salinity and stratification in the Gulf of Maine| 2001-2008.” 2010. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Deese-Riordan HE. Salinity and stratification in the Gulf of Maine| 2001-2008. [Internet] [Thesis]. The University of Maine; 2010. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3401442.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Deese-Riordan HE. Salinity and stratification in the Gulf of Maine| 2001-2008. [Thesis]. The University of Maine; 2010. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3401442

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of California, San Diego

8. Stephenson, Gordon Ronald, Jr. Upper-ocean variability in Drake Passage and the Weddell Sea| Measuring the oceanic response to air-sea and ice-ocean interactions.

Degree: 2012, University of California, San Diego

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3544197

► In the first part of this dissertation, reanalysis heat flux products and profiles from a 15 year time series of high-resolution, near-repeat expendable bathythermograph… (more)

▼ In the first part of this dissertation, reanalysis heat flux products and profiles from a 15 year time series of high-resolution, near-repeat expendable bathythermograph / expendable conductivity-temperature-depth (XBT/XCTD) sampling in Drake Passage are used to examine sources of upper-ocean variability, with a focus on the nature of MLD variations and their impact on a first-order, one-dimensional heat budget for the upper ocean in the regions north and south of the Polar Front. Results show that temperature and density criteria yield different MLD estimates, and that these estimates can be sensitive to the choice of threshold. The difficulty of defining MLD in low-stratification regions, the large amplitude of wintertime MLD (up to 700 m in Drake Passage), and the natural small-scale variability of the upper ocean result in considerable cast-to-cast variability in MLD, with changes of up to 200 m over 10 km horizontal distance. In contrast, the heat content over a fixed-depth interval of the upper ocean shows greater cast-to-cast stability and clearly measures the ocean response to surface heat fluxes. In particular, an annual cycle in upper ocean heat content is in good agreement with the annual cycle in heat flux forcing, which explains 24% of the variance in heat content above 400 m depth north of the Polar Front and 63% of the variance in heat content south of the Polar Front. At interannual timescales, the primary drivers of interannual variations in upper-ocean heat content in Drake Passage are advective processes; up to 40% of the variance of cross-Passage average upper-ocean heat content is due to meanders of the Polar Front, while 14% of the variability results from mesoscale eddies. Heat flux anomalies contribute less variance (5-10%) on interannual timescales. Teleconnections with ENSO and SAM contribute to anomalies in meridional winds and heat fluxes. As a result, ENSO and SAM contribute variability in upper ocean heat content at near-zero lags; ENSO and SAM are also correlated with upper ocean heat content anomalies on timescales of ~2-5 years. The second part of this dissertation explores a melting iceberg as a source of upper-ocean variability. Observations near a large tabular iceberg in the Weddell Sea in March and April 2009 show evidence that water from ice melting below the surface is dispersed in two distinct ways. Warm, salty anomalies in T-S diagrams suggest that water from the permanent thermocline is transported vertically as a result of turbulent entrainment of meltwater at the iceberg's base. Stepped profiles of temperature, salinity, and density in the seasonal thermocline are more characteristic of double-diffusive processes that transfer meltwater horizontally away from the vertical ice face. These processes contribute comparable amounts of meltwater – O(0.1 m³) to the upper 200 m of a 1 m² water column – but only basal melting results in significant upwelling of water from below the Winter Water layer into the seasonal…

Subjects/Keywords: Physical Oceanography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Stephenson, Gordon Ronald, J. (2012). Upper-ocean variability in Drake Passage and the Weddell Sea| Measuring the oceanic response to air-sea and ice-ocean interactions. (Thesis). University of California, San Diego. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3544197

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Stephenson, Gordon Ronald, Jr. “Upper-ocean variability in Drake Passage and the Weddell Sea| Measuring the oceanic response to air-sea and ice-ocean interactions.” 2012. Thesis, University of California, San Diego. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3544197.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Stephenson, Gordon Ronald, Jr. “Upper-ocean variability in Drake Passage and the Weddell Sea| Measuring the oceanic response to air-sea and ice-ocean interactions.” 2012. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Stephenson, Gordon Ronald J. Upper-ocean variability in Drake Passage and the Weddell Sea| Measuring the oceanic response to air-sea and ice-ocean interactions. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California, San Diego; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3544197.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Stephenson, Gordon Ronald J. Upper-ocean variability in Drake Passage and the Weddell Sea| Measuring the oceanic response to air-sea and ice-ocean interactions. [Thesis]. University of California, San Diego; 2012. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3544197

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of California, San Diego

9. Firing, Yvonne L. Structure and Dynamical Balance of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in Drake Passage.

Degree: 2013, University of California, San Diego

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3547768

► This thesis investigates the structure and dynamics of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) in Drake Passage using observations that resolve spatial scales from 100… (more)

▼ This thesis investigates the structure and dynamics of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) in Drake Passage using observations that resolve spatial scales from 100 m to 1000 km and temporal scales from inertial to interannual. The structure and variability of the current, the eddy and mean contributions to the vorticity balance, and the patterns of internal wave activity are examined. The two primary sources of data are a long time series (2005-present) of upper ocean currents from the ARSV Laurence M. Gould (LMG) shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler (SADCP), and a four-year process study (cDrake) providing time series of near-bottom currents, bottom pressures, and bottom-surface sound travel times as well as bathymetry, lowered ADCP, and CTD data from five yearly cruises. The vertical structure in the upper 1000 m is equivalent barotropic, with variable vertical length scale. The mean transport in the upper 1000 m is 95±2 Sv. Transport variability is approximately equally divided between shear and depth-mean components. Eddy kinetic energy decreases with depth faster than mean kinetic energy, reinforcing the view of the ACC as a barrier to mixing. Using empirical relationships determined from historical hydrography, travel time data from the cDrake array in the PFZ can be converted to baroclinic streamfunction. The near-bottom current and bottom pressure measurements provide the barotropic reference velocity. Streamfunction derivatives can be computed by objective mapping. We used independent measurements and simulated idealized fields to validate the objectively mapped fields and error estimates. Mean and eddy nonlinear vorticity advection and bottom pressure torque dominate the mean vorticity balance. The residual is first order. SOSE has the same balance and similar scales, with the residual accounted for by sub-grid-scale dissipation. In the southeastern Pacific a Rossby-wave-like balance between mean relative vorticity advection and planetary vorticity advection is observed. Downward-propagating internal wave energy and shear-strain ratios consistent with near-inertial frequencies predominate over deep waters and in the surface layer. Over shallower topography upward-propagating energy and supra-inertial frequencies dominate. The seasonal cycles in wind stress and internal wave energy south of the Polar Front are aligned; the seasonal cycle north of the Polar Front matches that in surface-layer stratification.

Subjects/Keywords: Physical Oceanography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Firing, Y. L. (2013). Structure and Dynamical Balance of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in Drake Passage. (Thesis). University of California, San Diego. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3547768

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Firing, Yvonne L. “Structure and Dynamical Balance of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in Drake Passage.” 2013. Thesis, University of California, San Diego. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3547768.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Firing, Yvonne L. “Structure and Dynamical Balance of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in Drake Passage.” 2013. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Firing YL. Structure and Dynamical Balance of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in Drake Passage. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California, San Diego; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3547768.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Firing YL. Structure and Dynamical Balance of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in Drake Passage. [Thesis]. University of California, San Diego; 2013. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3547768

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of South Florida

10. Havens, Heather Holm. Towards the development of a coastal prediction system for the Tampa Bay Estuary.

Degree: 2010, University of South Florida

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3420636

► The objective of this research is to evaluate a coastal prediction system under various real world scenarios to test the efficacy of the system… (more)

▼ The objective of this research is to evaluate a coastal prediction system under various real world scenarios to test the efficacy of the system as a management tool in Tampa Bay. The prediction system, comprised of a three-dimensional numerical circulation model and a Lagrangian based particle tracking model, simulates oceanographic scenarios in the bay for past (hindcast), present (nowcast) and future (forecast) time frames. Instantaneous velocity output from the numerical circulation model drives the movement of particles, each representing a fraction of the total material, within the model grid cells. This work introduces a probability calculation that allows for rapid analysis of bay-wide particle transport. At every internal time step a ratio between the number of particles in each individual model grid cell to the total number of particles in the entire model domain is calculated. These ratios, herein called transport quotients, are used to construct probability maps showing locations in Tampa Bay most likely to be impacted by the contaminant. The coastal prediction system is first evaluated using dimensionless particles during an anhydrous ammonia spill. In subsequent studies biological and chemical characteristics are incorporated into the transport quotient calculations when constructing probability maps. A salinity tolerance is placed on particles representing Karenia brevis during hindcast simulations of a harmful algal bloom in the bay. Photobleaching rates are incorporated into probability maps constructed from hindcast simulations of seasonal colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) transport. The coastal prediction system is made more robust with the inclusion of biological parameters overlaid on top of the circulation dynamics. The system successfully describes the basic physical mechanisms underlying the transport of contaminants in the bay under various real world scenarios. The calculation of transport quotients during the simulations in order to develop probability maps is a novel concept when simulating particle transport but one which can be used in real-time to support the management decisions of environmental agencies in the bay area.

Subjects/Keywords: Physical Oceanography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Havens, H. H. (2010). Towards the development of a coastal prediction system for the Tampa Bay Estuary. (Thesis). University of South Florida. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3420636

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Havens, Heather Holm. “Towards the development of a coastal prediction system for the Tampa Bay Estuary.” 2010. Thesis, University of South Florida. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3420636.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Havens, Heather Holm. “Towards the development of a coastal prediction system for the Tampa Bay Estuary.” 2010. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Havens HH. Towards the development of a coastal prediction system for the Tampa Bay Estuary. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of South Florida; 2010. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3420636.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Havens HH. Towards the development of a coastal prediction system for the Tampa Bay Estuary. [Thesis]. University of South Florida; 2010. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3420636

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Delaware

11. Rabe, Berit. Geostrophic ocean currents, freshwater fluxes, hydrography, and salinity field in nares strait between the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and NW Greenland.

Degree: 2010, University of Delaware

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3423414

► This dissertation focuses on ocean currents, geostrophic volume and freshwater fluxes, hydrography, and salinity fields in Nares Strait, one of the major straits in… (more)

▼ This dissertation focuses on ocean currents, geostrophic volume and freshwater fluxes, hydrography, and salinity fields in Nares Strait, one of the major straits in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) to the NW of Greenland. Nares Strait connects the Arctic to the North Atlantic Ocean, facilitating an exchange of freshwater between both oceans. The freshwater budget of the Arctic Ocean plays an important role in the global climate system. Observations of freshwater flux through the CAA have been sparse, seasonally biased, and on short time scales in the past. Between 2003 and 2006 oceanographic instruments deployed near 80.5°N measured conductivity, temperature, pressure, and velocity at high temporal and spatial resolution across the 38 km wide and 400 m deep Nares Strait. The focus of my research is on the analysis of the novel CT data set in combination with local wind, along-channel pressure differences, and ADCP data. Two different methodologies were developed to evaluate data from the innovative CT moorings that avoid ice and continuously sample the water column due to the mooring motion at tidal time scales. Nares Strait is ice-covered throughout the year with ice drifting in late summer, fall, and early winter, and ice being land-fast the remainder of the year. Geostrophic volume and freshwater fluxes vary between the two ice states showing more variability during mobile ice conditions. Geostrophic freshwater flux (three-year mean of 20 ± 3 mSv, Sv = 10⁶ m³ s^-1, no trend observed) is modulated by the ice cover and reveals 20% higher fluxes during mobile ice conditions than during land-fast ice conditions with maximum differences between individual ice seasons of 40%. A 40% increase occurs when extrapolating to the surface to account for freshwater in the unsampled surface layer. Enhanced freshwater fluxes during mobile ice conditions can have implications in the future when ice conditions change towards a more ice-free state due to no ice bridge forming in Smith Sound. The geostrophic volume flux (three-year mean of 0.47 ± 0.05 Sv) increases over the three-year period by 15 ± 4%. The domain for fluxes is 55% of the total area above 200 m, including a level of known motion at 200 m. Forcing of the geostrophic freshwater flux through Nares Strait is a combination between local wind and along-channel pressure difference forcing during mobile ice conditions. During land-fast ice conditions only the along-channel pressure difference is forcing the geostrophic freshwater flux due to the decoupling from the atmosphere through the ice cover. The three-year mean geostrophic velocity has a surface-intensified southward flow against the western side of the strait and a secondary core flowing southward in the middle of the strait. Distinguishing between the two different ice states, I find the surface-intensified core of up to 0.28 m s-1 in the middle of the strait during mobile ice conditions. A sub-surface core of about…

Subjects/Keywords: Physical Oceanography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Rabe, B. (2010). Geostrophic ocean currents, freshwater fluxes, hydrography, and salinity field in nares strait between the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and NW Greenland. (Thesis). University of Delaware. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3423414

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rabe, Berit. “Geostrophic ocean currents, freshwater fluxes, hydrography, and salinity field in nares strait between the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and NW Greenland.” 2010. Thesis, University of Delaware. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3423414.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rabe, Berit. “Geostrophic ocean currents, freshwater fluxes, hydrography, and salinity field in nares strait between the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and NW Greenland.” 2010. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Rabe B. Geostrophic ocean currents, freshwater fluxes, hydrography, and salinity field in nares strait between the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and NW Greenland. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Delaware; 2010. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3423414.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Rabe B. Geostrophic ocean currents, freshwater fluxes, hydrography, and salinity field in nares strait between the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and NW Greenland. [Thesis]. University of Delaware; 2010. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3423414

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Connecticut

12. Bennett, Diane Catherine. The Dynamical Circulation of a Partially Stratified, Frictional Estuary| Long Island Sound.

Degree: 2011, University of Connecticut

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3464375

► I report the results of observational and theoretical studies of the tidal and residual circulation in Long Island Sound. This estuary is near resonant… (more)

▼ I report the results of observational and theoretical studies of the tidal and residual circulation in Long Island Sound. This estuary is near resonant at the semidiurnal frequency, has substantial variations in cross-sectional area along its length, and has spatially variable and seasonally modulated density stratification. These physical characteristic of the Sound lead to strong tidal and residual circulation that are coupled by vertical mixing and may have a major role in controlling the development of hypoxia in the western Sound in the summer. I provide the first detailed description of the vertical and horizontal structure of the circulation in the western Sound by combining both moored and ship mounted profiling current meter observations obtained over a three year period. I show that the vertical structure of the principal component (M₂) amplitude is strongly sheared and that this structure cannot be reproduced by a classic model with time-invariant eddy viscosity. Seasonal variations in stratification do not influence the vertical structure of the M₂. Strong over-tides at the M₄ and M₆ frequencies were detected with M₆ amplitudes that increase to the west. I demonstrate that this is inconsistent with a weakly non-linear vertically and horizontally averaged model driven by semidiurnal tides in a converging channel with bottom friction, likely due to neglected channel geometry and time-variant bottom friction. The observations also reveal a weaker, but persistant, non-tidal circulation. In combination with hydrography obtained during short high resolution cruises and from data archives, I examine the importance of each term in the momentum balance both along- and across- channel, and put these into context using longer-term (but more spatially sparse) velocity, wind and hydrographic data. I develop a novel application of inverse methods that utilizes data measurements to test model validity and infer unknown data parameters when the appropriate model is chosen.

Subjects/Keywords: Physical Oceanography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bennett, D. C. (2011). The Dynamical Circulation of a Partially Stratified, Frictional Estuary| Long Island Sound. (Thesis). University of Connecticut. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3464375

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bennett, Diane Catherine. “The Dynamical Circulation of a Partially Stratified, Frictional Estuary| Long Island Sound.” 2011. Thesis, University of Connecticut. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3464375.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bennett, Diane Catherine. “The Dynamical Circulation of a Partially Stratified, Frictional Estuary| Long Island Sound.” 2011. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Bennett DC. The Dynamical Circulation of a Partially Stratified, Frictional Estuary| Long Island Sound. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Connecticut; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3464375.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Bennett DC. The Dynamical Circulation of a Partially Stratified, Frictional Estuary| Long Island Sound. [Thesis]. University of Connecticut; 2011. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3464375

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Delaware

13. Muscarella, Philip A. Circulation at the Delaware Bay mouth from the Lagrangian and Eulerian perspectives.

Degree: 2011, University of Delaware

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3465810

► A consistent picture of the circulation of the Delaware Bay estuary and adjacent inner shelf established in the literature is based on a synthesis… (more)

▼ A consistent picture of the circulation of the Delaware Bay estuary and adjacent inner shelf established in the literature is based on a synthesis of mooring and hydrographic data complemented by elegant theoretical analyses. Because of the highly variable and episodic nature of the flow at the Delaware Bay mouth, a synoptic picture of the flow has been elusive. The advent of high-frequency (HF) radars for routine monitoring of coastal surface currents (developed over the past twenty years) offers a unique opportunity to provide synoptic descriptions of complex time-dependent flows like those that exist at estuarine mouths. Synoptic measurements lend themselves to examinations from a dual perspective, taking advantage of Lagrangian and Eulerian methods. Here we analyze synoptic, high-resolution surface winds and currents in the Delaware Bay mouth. Two high-frequency radars measured the surface currents while the surface winds were extracted from a data-assimilating regional wind model. The large-scale characteristics noted by previous workers are clearly corroborated. Specifically the M2 tide dominates the surface currents, and the Delaware Bay outflow plume is clearly evident in the low frequency currents. Several new aspects of the surface circulation were also identified. These include a map of the spatial variability of the M2 tide (validating an earlier model study), persistent low-frequency cross-mouth flow, and a rapid response of the surface currents to a changing wind field. However, strong wind episodes did not persist long enough to set up a sustained Ekman response. In addition to the Eulerian results presented here, several Lagrangian analyses were conducted. The approach used here calculates simulated trajectories from an archive of gridded synoptic velocities from HF radar measurements. Lagrangian methods are the best tool for examining the advective transport at the Delaware Bay mouth. There was an observed rapid separation of progressive vector diagrams (PVDs) with trajectories implying limited utility over long time scales. Synoptic Lagrangian maps (SLMs) such as residence time, escape fate, and origin showed clear dependence on tidal forcings. Blob simulations have provided a visualization tool able to examine deformation processes on a finite area of ocean. The most significant result might be the examination of a persistent cross-mouth sub-tidal flow that may be a result of non-local advection from the New Jersey shelf. This feature is not well documented in the literature and we make a first attempt to describe its characteristics.

Subjects/Keywords: Physical Oceanography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Muscarella, P. A. (2011). Circulation at the Delaware Bay mouth from the Lagrangian and Eulerian perspectives. (Thesis). University of Delaware. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3465810

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Muscarella, Philip A. “Circulation at the Delaware Bay mouth from the Lagrangian and Eulerian perspectives.” 2011. Thesis, University of Delaware. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3465810.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Muscarella, Philip A. “Circulation at the Delaware Bay mouth from the Lagrangian and Eulerian perspectives.” 2011. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Muscarella PA. Circulation at the Delaware Bay mouth from the Lagrangian and Eulerian perspectives. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Delaware; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3465810.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Muscarella PA. Circulation at the Delaware Bay mouth from the Lagrangian and Eulerian perspectives. [Thesis]. University of Delaware; 2011. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3465810

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of California – Berkeley

14. HSU, KEVIN KAI-WIN. Hydrodynamic Exchange in Estuarine Perimeter Habitats.

Degree: Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2013, University of California – Berkeley

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/11r7t98v

► Hydrodynamic exchange in estuaries is forced by tides, freshwater input, density forcing, and winds, and controls transport of important quantities such as salinity, sediment, nutrients,… (more)

▼ Hydrodynamic exchange in estuaries is forced by tides, freshwater input, density forcing, and winds, and controls transport of important quantities such as salinity, sediment, nutrients, and pollutants. Previous work has characterized many aspects of estuarine transport and contributed to our understanding of transport mechanisms such as gravitational exchange, tidal dispersion processes, and residual flows due to tidal asymmetries. In general, studies of estuarine transport have focused on large-scale transport processes in the along-channel direction of the estuary, which determine the overall salinity and flow structure in estuarine environments. However, study of hydrodynamic exchange at the perimeter of estuaries has also been recognized to be important, as exchange at the perimeter is relevant for understanding questions related to environmental restoration and management and ecological habitat quality.In this work, hydrodynamic exchange in estuaries and perimeter habitats is studied using numerical modeling and field observations of South San Francisco Bay. First, the exchange between the estuary and a small perimeter slough is measured using salinity and temperature as tracers to calculate hydrodynamic flushing of the slough through tidal exchange, using a modified tidal prism method. This method applies quasi-Lagrangian analysis to Eulerian measurements of exchange, and the results are compared to previous results from larger-scale estuarine systems, where tidal flushing is found to be significantly affected by the scale of mixing volumes in the system. Next, Lagrangian methods of particle-tracking and Lagrangian coherent structure (LCS) analysis, developed from dynamical systems theory in order to analyze complex, chaotic flows, are applied to analyze tidal transport. The results reveal the significant effects of tidal interactions with perimeter estuarine features on Lagrangian tidal transport over the tidal cycle, where perimeter interactions are found to significantly contribute to longitudinal estuarine dispersion. Finally, the effect of wind forcing on estuarine transport is examined, using Lagrangian analysis methods applied to cases of constant wind forcing with varying wind direction relative to the main axis of the estuary. Wind forcing is found to have a significant effect on hydrodynamic exchange and connectivity between the estuary and perimeter habitats, where wind in all directions increases perimeter exchange and connectivity, with the greatest effect for winds aligned with the along-axis direction of the estuary. The results of these studies are relevant to a wide range of applications requiring analysis of connectivity near the estuarine perimeter, including sediment exchange and transport and seagrass population colonization in the context of wetland habitat restoration.

Subjects/Keywords: Physical oceanography

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

HSU, K. K. (2013). Hydrodynamic Exchange in Estuarine Perimeter Habitats. (Thesis). University of California – Berkeley. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/11r7t98v

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

HSU, KEVIN KAI-WIN. “Hydrodynamic Exchange in Estuarine Perimeter Habitats.” 2013. Thesis, University of California – Berkeley. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/11r7t98v.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

HSU, KEVIN KAI-WIN. “Hydrodynamic Exchange in Estuarine Perimeter Habitats.” 2013. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

HSU KK. Hydrodynamic Exchange in Estuarine Perimeter Habitats. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/11r7t98v.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

HSU KK. Hydrodynamic Exchange in Estuarine Perimeter Habitats. [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2013. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/11r7t98v

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of California – San Diego

15. Doria, Andre. Observations and Modeling of Southern California Beach Sand Level Changes.

Degree: Oceanography, 2016, University of California – San Diego

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4tv2t7v0

► Repeated aerial and ground-based observations that measured seasonal beach sand level changes along 195 km of coastline for up to 16 years were used to… (more)

▼ Repeated aerial and ground-based observations that measured seasonal beach sand level changes along 195 km of coastline for up to 16 years were used to characterize and model Southern California beach sand level changes. A wave buoy network initialized a spectral refraction wave model that provided nearshore (~10 m depth) hourly wave estimates every ~100 m alongshore throughout the entire study region. Localized and regional biannual ground-based surveys captured seasonal subaerial beach profile changes across San Diego County, as well as the associated bathymetry changes not detected by aerial methods. Volume changes along the surveyed bathymetry transects varied seasonally owing to fluctuations in the incident wave energy. Comparative analysis of the volume changes along the beach profiles demonstrated estimating the fraction of subaqueous volume change based exclusively on subaerial observations is highly variable with a reduction in the total volume change captured by the subaerial observations particularly during periods of excessive erosion. Notably, the link between near-shore the displaced beach face sand volume (e.g. both subaerial and bathymetric profile components) and that of the subaerial beach is obscure.Observations at five focus sites in San Diego County characterized short-term and long-term shoreline changes and waves, including the impacts of two significant El Niño winters, from 1997 through 2013. An existing wave-driven shoreline model accurately predicted shoreline fluctuations during years of normative wave and beach conditions, but over-predicted erosion during remarkable erosion events such as El Niño. Modifications to the model formulation account for erosion resistant features such as non-erodible seawall back beaches or durable strata (e.g. cobbles) exposed during severe erosion. This improved the model skill (i.e. data to model correlation R2) during highly erosive wave events.High spatial resolution biannual aerial lidar surveys captured regional beach sand level changes spanning the entire 195-km study region. Alongshore variations in both waves and beach sand levels were notable with distinct large-scale differences occurring between the northern and southern halves of the study site. Additional ground-based data were used conjointly with the aerial observations to tune a regional shoreline model spanning 90 km of San Diego County coast.

Subjects/Keywords: Physical oceanography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Doria, A. (2016). Observations and Modeling of Southern California Beach Sand Level Changes. (Thesis). University of California – San Diego. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4tv2t7v0

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Doria, Andre. “Observations and Modeling of Southern California Beach Sand Level Changes.” 2016. Thesis, University of California – San Diego. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4tv2t7v0.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Doria, Andre. “Observations and Modeling of Southern California Beach Sand Level Changes.” 2016. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Doria A. Observations and Modeling of Southern California Beach Sand Level Changes. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4tv2t7v0.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Doria A. Observations and Modeling of Southern California Beach Sand Level Changes. [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2016. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4tv2t7v0

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of California – San Diego

16. Crosby, Sean Christopher. Predicting coastal waves with buoy observations and global model output, a Southern California case study.

Degree: Oceanography, 2017, University of California – San Diego

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3pk2b7z7

► Accurate coastal wave predictions are needed to support nearshore process modeling (transport, erosion) and local risk assessment (flooding, inundation). Small errors in direction or frequency… (more)

▼ Accurate coastal wave predictions are needed to support nearshore process modeling (transport, erosion) and local risk assessment (flooding, inundation). Small errors in direction or frequency have relatively large impacts to transport, run-up estimates. Nearshore prediction error is often dominated by offshore uncertainties in regional models. Detailed, frequency-direction, spectra are needed offshore to accurately estimate blocking and refraction in sheltered regions, e.g. the Southern California Bight (SBC).Here, nearshore prediction skill using both global wave model predictions and offshore buoy observations in the offshore boundary condition is compared for swell-band wave energy (0.04-0.09Hz). Despite inherent directional ambiguity, offshore buoy observations yield a more accurate boundary condition. Analytical and ah hoc combinations global model predictions and offshore buoy observations are tested and yield worse and marginally improved predictions respectively (as compared to buoy-driven predictions). Coastal regions often contain sheltered nearshore wave observations. Assimilating nearshore observations in regional wave models theoretically will improve regional skill. However, nonlinear wave propagation models (e.g. SWAN, WW3) are difficult to invert. Recent developments employ variational methods, but success in complex real-world environments has yet to be observed. At swell-bands wave energy propagation across narrow shelves (e.g. U.S. West Coast) is dominated by linear processes (refraction, shoaling) and well modeled by self-adjoint ray tracing. Here, a general assimilation framework is developed to estimate physically smooth (time, direction), accurate, offshore boundary conditions from offshore and sheltered buoy observations with global model predictions included as a model prior. Case studies show error reduction at validation (non-assimilated) buoy sites suggesting that assimilation of nearshore observations improves regional skill. Initial results suggest that few (1 offshore, 1-2 nearshore) buoys are needed to sufficiently resolve offshore conditions, which has implications for cost-effective buoy array design. Additionally, buoy sites with significant misfit to assimilated observations identify regions of model error suggesting missing model physics (e.g. diffraction, reflection).

Subjects/Keywords: Physical oceanography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Crosby, S. C. (2017). Predicting coastal waves with buoy observations and global model output, a Southern California case study. (Thesis). University of California – San Diego. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3pk2b7z7

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Crosby, Sean Christopher. “Predicting coastal waves with buoy observations and global model output, a Southern California case study.” 2017. Thesis, University of California – San Diego. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3pk2b7z7.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Crosby, Sean Christopher. “Predicting coastal waves with buoy observations and global model output, a Southern California case study.” 2017. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Crosby SC. Predicting coastal waves with buoy observations and global model output, a Southern California case study. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3pk2b7z7.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Crosby SC. Predicting coastal waves with buoy observations and global model output, a Southern California case study. [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2017. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3pk2b7z7

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of California – San Diego

17. Whalen, Caitlin. Illuminating Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Ocean Mixing as Inferred from Argo Profiling Floats.

Degree: Oceanography, 2015, University of California – San Diego

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2vb5q118

► Small-scale turbulent mixing in the ocean is an important piece in many larger scale questions in ocean physics and climate. Measurements that can resolve the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Physical oceanography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Whalen, C. (2015). Illuminating Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Ocean Mixing as Inferred from Argo Profiling Floats. (Thesis). University of California – San Diego. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2vb5q118

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Whalen, Caitlin. “Illuminating Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Ocean Mixing as Inferred from Argo Profiling Floats.” 2015. Thesis, University of California – San Diego. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2vb5q118.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Whalen, Caitlin. “Illuminating Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Ocean Mixing as Inferred from Argo Profiling Floats.” 2015. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Whalen C. Illuminating Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Ocean Mixing as Inferred from Argo Profiling Floats. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2vb5q118.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Whalen C. Illuminating Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Ocean Mixing as Inferred from Argo Profiling Floats. [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2015. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2vb5q118

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Oregon State University

18. Mauch, Matthew Lee. Coastal ocean variability inferred from high resolution models: two case studies.

Degree: MS, 2017, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/61915

► In this thesis, high resolution ocean models are used to evaluate and forecast coastal ocean variability in two different applications. In the first study, the… (more)

▼ In this thesis, high resolution ocean models are used to evaluate and forecast coastal ocean variability in two different applications. In the first study, the 2-km resolution ocean circulation model for the Eastern Bering Sea is utilized to understand whether slope-interior exchange along the path of the Aleutian North Slope Current (ANSC) helps maintain the subsurface temperature maximum on the isopycnal surface 26.8 kg m-3, approximately 300-400 m deep. The simulation period is June-October of 2009. At the abovementioned isopycnal surface, the model shows the warmer pattern extending westward along the southern slope of the Aleutian Islands and then eastward along the northern slope as the season progresses. The direct exchange from the south to the north through Amukta Pass on this isopycnal surface is very limited. The model does not exhibit vigorous eddy shedding along the ANSC. However, there are several topographic features where the warm slope current separates into the basin, particularly at 178˚ W (just east of Amchitka Pass) and 174˚ W (Atka Island). Currents on the 26.8 kg m-3 isopycnal surface are too slow to account for the warming pattern along the ANSC reaching the Bering Canyon and the Bering Slope Current. The warming can be explained as a combination of faster advection of warmer waters above and downward vertical turbulent transport due to intensive tides. This hypothesis is confirmed by the heat equation term balance analysis and two-dimensional Lagrangian particle tracking on the 26.8 kg m-3 surface and a shallower, 26.4 kg m-3 surface. In the second study, a team of four graduate students, including two ocean modelers, a cartographer, and a social scientist, work together as part of the National Science Foundation Research Trainee (NRT) program to develop new products based on ocean forecasts, quantify their uncertainty and communicate this knowledge to commercial fishermen. A 2-km resolution ocean prediction system for the Oregon and Washington coasts produces three-day forecasts of surface velocity, temperature, and salinity. Based on the social scientist’s communications with the commercial fishermen on their perceptions of risk and uncertainty, uncertainty in the surface current forecast is quantified by calculating the root mean square error of the forecast with high frequency radar observations for each forecast horizon. This calculation reveals that the model performs better in the northern portion of the domain where high frequency radar observations are available, with a noticeable source of error being near the Columbia River Estuary. Additionally, the depth of the thermocline is calculated with two different methods: as a depth at which the temperature is 2˚F less than the surface temperature (a definition provided by the commercial fishermen) and as a depth of the maximum buoyancy frequency squared. Overall, the two parts of our thesis study complement each other showing that coastal ocean models can be used both for… Advisors/Committee Members: Kurapov, Alexander (advisor), Matano, Ricardo (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Physical Oceanography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mauch, M. L. (2017). Coastal ocean variability inferred from high resolution models: two case studies. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/61915

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mauch, Matthew Lee. “Coastal ocean variability inferred from high resolution models: two case studies.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/61915.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mauch, Matthew Lee. “Coastal ocean variability inferred from high resolution models: two case studies.” 2017. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Mauch ML. Coastal ocean variability inferred from high resolution models: two case studies. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/61915.

Council of Science Editors:

Mauch ML. Coastal ocean variability inferred from high resolution models: two case studies. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/61915

University of California – San Diego

19. Zaba, Katherine Dorothy. Seasonal and Interannual Variability of the California Current System: Glider Observations and a Numerical State Estimate.

Degree: Oceanography, 2018, University of California – San Diego

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9hz0m6wv

► The California Current System (CCS) is an ecologically and economically important coastal upwelling zone. Large-scale climate variability, like El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), modulates the… (more)

▼ The California Current System (CCS) is an ecologically and economically important coastal upwelling zone. Large-scale climate variability, like El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), modulates the regional fluctuations of physical and biological properties in the CCS. This dissertation work makes use of an observational dataset from autonomous underwater gliders and model output from an ocean state estimate to characterize seasonal cycles and local interannual responses to climate variability. The California Underwater Glider Network (CUGN) was established in 2006 to obtain sustained observations of the southern CCS. For over ten years, Spray gliders have continuously measured subsurface physical and biological variables along three cross-shore sections. Data from the CUGN were processed into a gridded climatology. They were also assimilated by a general circulation model to produce the California State Estimate (CASE) for 2007-2017, which is constrained by governing physics and observations. Together the CUGN climatology and CASE are applied to study physical variability within the CCS. The observations are used to characterize spatiotemporally-varying anomalies and the model to provide a hypothesis of the physical forcings that caused them. The focus is on seasonal to interannual timescales, paying special attention to the prolonged period of anomalously warm upper ocean temperatures during 2014-16, which included the 2014-15 marine heat wave (MHW) and the 2015-16 El Niño. As observed by the CUGN, the MHW manifested locally as a shallow, highly-stratified, surface-intensified warm pool co-occurring with downwelling anomalies. During the El Niño year, CUGN observations show the persistence of warm and downwelling anomalies throughout the CCS and even a strengthening and deepening of the anomalies in some locations, like the Southern California Bight. A positive isopycnal salinity anomaly is observed at the turn of the year 2015-2016 and interpreted to represent anomalous advection from the south. The CASE model output is rigorously assessed relative to the CUGN climatology and shown to realistically reproduce the observed mean state, annual cycles, and interannual variability, including the temperature, downwelling, and isopycnal salinity anomalies. Volume and heat budgets are calculated from CASE, quantifying the contributions of anomalous air-sea heat flux, horizontal advection, vertical advection, and mixing towards circulation and heat content changes during 2014-2016. The budgets show that multiple mechanisms played a role in forcing the anomalies, though at different times and locations within the CCS region.

Subjects/Keywords: Physical oceanography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Zaba, K. D. (2018). Seasonal and Interannual Variability of the California Current System: Glider Observations and a Numerical State Estimate. (Thesis). University of California – San Diego. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9hz0m6wv

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zaba, Katherine Dorothy. “Seasonal and Interannual Variability of the California Current System: Glider Observations and a Numerical State Estimate.” 2018. Thesis, University of California – San Diego. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9hz0m6wv.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zaba, Katherine Dorothy. “Seasonal and Interannual Variability of the California Current System: Glider Observations and a Numerical State Estimate.” 2018. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Zaba KD. Seasonal and Interannual Variability of the California Current System: Glider Observations and a Numerical State Estimate. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9hz0m6wv.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Zaba KD. Seasonal and Interannual Variability of the California Current System: Glider Observations and a Numerical State Estimate. [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2018. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9hz0m6wv

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Cape Town

20. Nhantumbo, Bernardino João. Drivers of coastal sea level variability along the east and south of South Africa.

Degree: PhD, Oceanography, 2019, University of Cape Town

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30348

► Sea level rise and variability is of great concern in the coastal areas where a significant part of the global population is settled. Therefore, understanding… (more)

▼ Sea level rise and variability is of great concern in the coastal areas where a significant part of the global population is settled. Therefore, understanding regional and local long-term sea level variability as well as its trend is critical. On the other hand, quantifying how the sea level has varied on different timescales and why, is critical for understanding sea level changes, and crucial for improving future global, regional, and local projections. In this study, monthly mean sea level records of seven individual tide gauges, from the east and south coast of South Africa were used to analyse the embedded timescales of variability. These timescales were separated through the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) method. This is the first time that the EMD method has been applied to southern African tide gauge records. The sensitivity of the EMD method when dealing with data gaps was tested on artificially created gaps in monthly mean synthetic altimetry sea level records, representing the seven individual tide gauges under consideration. The missing values were filled by linear interpolation, average value and linear trend value. The results suggested that whichever gap filling method is applied, the separated EMD timescales will display a distorted temporal structure of the continuous time series. As a consequence, monthly mean tide gauge sea level records were optimised by filling the gaps as best as possible using satellite altimetry data and the adjacent tide gauge records where possible, and then the oscillatory timescales of variability were separated using the EMD method with the intent to determine their physical drivers. However, identifying a single driver for each separated timescale is challenging due to our limited knowledge of how sea level is linked to the various forcing mechanisms. Therefore, the timescales of sea level variability extracted using the EMD were grouped into sub-annual and interannual timescales, and their relationship to possible driving mechanisms was investigated. The sub-annual timescale indicates how sea level responds to the mesoscale and synoptic weather systems in the annual cycle, including seasonal and annual large-scale wind and atmospheric pressure pattern changes. The interannual timescale indicates an association with the climate indices including El Niño-Southern Oscillation, Indian Ocean Dipole and Southern Annular Mode through large-scale sea surface temperature patterns and large-scale pressure and wind patterns. In addition, the results have suggested that the studied coastal sea level has an association with the Agulhas Current at both sub-annual and interannual timescale through absolute dynamic topography variations at the Agulhas Current core locations. However, due to limitations in Agulhas Current data, the study was limited to East London and Port Elizabeth and the results suggested that the Agulhas Current contribution is responsible for over 62% of the monthly sea level variability at East London. However, the results were not sufficiently consistent to… Advisors/Committee Members: Shillington, Frank (advisor), Backeberg, Björn (advisor), Nilsen, Jan Even (advisor), Reason, Christopher (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Physical Oceanography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Nhantumbo, B. J. (2019). Drivers of coastal sea level variability along the east and south of South Africa. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30348

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nhantumbo, Bernardino João. “Drivers of coastal sea level variability along the east and south of South Africa.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Cape Town. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30348.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nhantumbo, Bernardino João. “Drivers of coastal sea level variability along the east and south of South Africa.” 2019. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Nhantumbo BJ. Drivers of coastal sea level variability along the east and south of South Africa. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Cape Town; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30348.

Council of Science Editors:

Nhantumbo BJ. Drivers of coastal sea level variability along the east and south of South Africa. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Cape Town; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30348

University of Cape Town

21. Driver, Penny Meredith. Rainfall variability over southern Africa.

Degree: Image, Oceanography, 2014, University of Cape Town

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12830

► Southern Africa is subject to high inter annual rainfall variability and the factors influencing southern African rainfall are not fully understood. The variability has been… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Physical Oceanography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Driver, P. M. (2014). Rainfall variability over southern Africa. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12830

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Driver, Penny Meredith. “Rainfall variability over southern Africa.” 2014. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12830.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Driver, Penny Meredith. “Rainfall variability over southern Africa.” 2014. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Driver PM. Rainfall variability over southern Africa. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12830.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Driver PM. Rainfall variability over southern Africa. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12830

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Cape Town

22. Evers-King, Hayley Louise. Phytoplankton community structure determined through remote sensing and in situ optical measurements.

Degree: Image, Oceanography, 2014, University of Cape Town

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13076

► Linking variability in optical signals with phytoplankton community characteristics is important to extend the use of the vast resource that is the satellite ocean colour… (more)

▼ Linking variability in optical signals with phytoplankton community characteristics is important to extend the use of the vast resource that is the satellite ocean colour archive. Detection of species, functional types or size classes has been addressed through a spectrum of empirical to analytical approaches. A key step in developing these techniques is quantifying the sensitivity in reflectance, which can be attributed to phytoplankton characteristics (e.g cell size) under different optical regimes. Ultimately, highly spatially and temporally resolved information on phytoplankton characteristics can help the global scientific community to answer important questions relating to primary ecosystem variability. In the southern Benguela, Harmful Algal Blooms threaten public health and the economic viability of fishery and aquaculture industries in the region. Concurrently, the dominance of phytoplankton biomass amongst optically significant constituents in the southern Benguela makes the region ideal for assessing the extent to which phytoplankton characteristics beyond biomass can influence the ocean colour signal. A forward and inverse approach is presented. Phytoplankton absorption and back scattering are generated from a phytoplankton particle population model coupled to two radiative transfer approaches: a reflectance approximation and the radiative transfer model, EcoLight-S. Non-linear optimisation inversion schemes are then implemented. A simulated dataset is created to investigate how much variability in reflectance can be associated with changes in phytoplankton cell size in different bio-optical water types. This dataset is inverted to investigate the errors inherent in the inversion process as a result of ambiguity. Comparison of the two radiative transfer techniques allows for consideration of the suitability of approximations for bidirection-ality and subsurface propagation. The inversion algorithm is then applied to hyperspectral in situ radiometric data to provide validation and further assessment of errors from all sources. Results indicate that size related sensitivity in reflectance is highly dependent on phytoplank-ton biomass, as determined by the relative phytoplankton contribution to the Inherent Optical Property budget. The algorithm is finally applied to ten years of MERIS data covering the southern Benguela. A time series of biomass and cell size is presented and metrics developed to demonstrate the utility of this approach for identifying previously unobserved interannual variability in Harmful Algal Blooms. Advisors/Committee Members: Bernard, Stewart (advisor), Henson, Stephanie (advisor), Shillington, Frank (advisor), Lucas, Mike (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Physical Oceanography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Evers-King, H. L. (2014). Phytoplankton community structure determined through remote sensing and in situ optical measurements. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13076

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Evers-King, Hayley Louise. “Phytoplankton community structure determined through remote sensing and in situ optical measurements.” 2014. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13076.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Evers-King, Hayley Louise. “Phytoplankton community structure determined through remote sensing and in situ optical measurements.” 2014. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Evers-King HL. Phytoplankton community structure determined through remote sensing and in situ optical measurements. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13076.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Evers-King HL. Phytoplankton community structure determined through remote sensing and in situ optical measurements. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13076

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Cape Town

23. Joubert, Warren Ryan. Primary productivity and its variability in the Atlantic Southern ocean.

Degree: Image, Oceanography, 2014, University of Cape Town

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13366

► The two principal bottom-up drivers of the High Nutrient Low Chlorophyll (HNLC) characteristics of the Southern Ocean are light and nutrient (mainly dissolved iron) limitation… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Physical Oceanography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Joubert, W. R. (2014). Primary productivity and its variability in the Atlantic Southern ocean. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13366

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Joubert, Warren Ryan. “Primary productivity and its variability in the Atlantic Southern ocean.” 2014. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13366.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Joubert, Warren Ryan. “Primary productivity and its variability in the Atlantic Southern ocean.” 2014. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Joubert WR. Primary productivity and its variability in the Atlantic Southern ocean. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13366.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Joubert WR. Primary productivity and its variability in the Atlantic Southern ocean. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13366

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of California – San Diego

24. Eliashiv, Jonathan. Exploring the Usage of Data Assimilation on the Community Earth System Model.

Degree: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 2019, University of California – San Diego

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/775611rt

► A new prototype coupled ocean-atmosphere Ensemble Kalman Filter reanalysis product, the Community Earth System Model using the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (CESM-DART), is studied by… (more)

▼ A new prototype coupled ocean-atmosphere Ensemble Kalman Filter reanalysis product, the Community Earth System Model using the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (CESM-DART), is studied by comparing its tropical climate variability to other reanalysis products, available observations, and a free-running version of the model. The results reveal that CESM-DART produces fields that are comparable in overall performance with those of four other uncoupled and coupled reanalyses. The clearest signature of improvements in CESM-DART is in the analysis of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and other tropical atmospheric waves. MJO energy is enhanced over the free running CESM as well as compared to the other products, suggesting the importance of the surface flux coupling at the ocean-atmosphere interface in organizing convective activity. In addition, high-frequency Kelvin waves in CESM-DART are reduced in amplitude compared to the free-running CESM run and the other products, again supportive of the oceanic coupling playing a role in this improvement. CESM-DART also exhibits a relatively low bias in the mean tropical precipitation field and mean sensible heat flux field. Conclusive evidence of the importance of coupling on data assimilation performance will require additional detailed direct comparisons with identically formulated, uncoupled data assimilation runs.A reliability budget is used to diagnose potential sources of error (departure from observations) in the CESM-DART product. In areas with sufficient observations, the mean bias in zonal wind was generally very low compared to the spread due to ensemble variance, which did not exhibit patterns associated with Northern Hemisphere jet streams but did have regional enhancement over the Maritime Continent. However, the Residual term was often the largest contributor to the budget, which is problematic, suggesting improper observational error statistics and inadequately represented ensemble variance statistics. The departure and residual exhibit significant seasonal variability, with a strong peak in boreal winter months, indicating the model’s deficiencies during the energetic Northern Hemisphere winter. Ocean temperature contained large error in areas with eddy production indicating inadequate ensemble variance due to poor model resolution. Periods when the the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) was active exhibited lower error, especially in the western equatorial Pacific during MJO phases with reduced convection. In contrast, during MJO phases with enhanced convection in that region, the ensemble variance is increased yet the error is comparable to non-MJO conditions, suggesting a controlling effect of the convection parameterization. Further studies evaluating the impact of the coupled assimilation procedure on the reliability budget will be illuminating.

Subjects/Keywords: Physical oceanography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Eliashiv, J. (2019). Exploring the Usage of Data Assimilation on the Community Earth System Model. (Thesis). University of California – San Diego. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/775611rt

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Eliashiv, Jonathan. “Exploring the Usage of Data Assimilation on the Community Earth System Model.” 2019. Thesis, University of California – San Diego. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/775611rt.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Eliashiv, Jonathan. “Exploring the Usage of Data Assimilation on the Community Earth System Model.” 2019. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Eliashiv J. Exploring the Usage of Data Assimilation on the Community Earth System Model. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/775611rt.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Eliashiv J. Exploring the Usage of Data Assimilation on the Community Earth System Model. [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2019. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/775611rt

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of California, San Diego

25. Tamsitt, Veronica. Aspects of the Three-Dimensionality of the Southern Ocean Overturning Circulation.

Degree: 2018, University of California, San Diego

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10748784

► The circulation of the Southern Ocean is unique due to the lack of meridional boundaries at the latitudes of Drake Passage. Westerly winds drive… (more)

▼ The circulation of the Southern Ocean is unique due to the lack of meridional boundaries at the latitudes of Drake Passage. Westerly winds drive the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), linking the major ocean basins and facilitating inter-basin exchange of properties. Additionally, the steeply tilted isopycnals in the Southern Ocean allow interaction between the deep ocean and the atmosphere, and as a result the Southern Ocean has an outsized contribution to the global uptake and redistribution of heat, carbon and nutrients. Complex topography and eddies make this circulation fundamentally three-dimensional, but many features and associated mechanisms of this three-dimensional circulation are not well understood. The objective of this thesis is to use the 1/6°, data-assimilating Southern Ocean State Estimate (SOSE), along with other high-resolution ocean models and available observations, to describe aspects of the three-dimensional structure of the upper cell of the Southern Ocean overturning circulation. First, we diagnose the upper ocean heat budget in the Southern Ocean (Chapter 2), and determine that a strong zonal asymmetry in the air-sea heat flux over the Southern Ocean is associated with large-scale meander the ACC mean path and associated asymmetry in geostrophic heat advection. Second, we use Lagrangian particle release experiments to show, for the first time, the full three-dimensional upwelling pathways of deep water from 30°S to the surface of the Southern Ocean (Chapter 3). We find that deep water moves south in narrow paths along the western and eastern boundaries of each ocean basin, then within the ACC upwelling is concentrated at hotspots associated with high eddy activity at major topographic features. Next, we quantify the water mass transformation along the upwelling pathways from Chapter 3, and find that although the upwelling in the ocean interior is largely along isopycnals, there is significant transformation just below the mixed layer and homogenization of deep water mass properties due to isopycnal mixing (Chapter 4). Finally, we highlight a newly identified poleward pathway of deep water along the eastern boundary of the Indian Ocean and describe the structure and variability of this pathway (Chapter 5).

Subjects/Keywords: Physical oceanography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tamsitt, V. (2018). Aspects of the Three-Dimensionality of the Southern Ocean Overturning Circulation. (Thesis). University of California, San Diego. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10748784

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tamsitt, Veronica. “Aspects of the Three-Dimensionality of the Southern Ocean Overturning Circulation.” 2018. Thesis, University of California, San Diego. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10748784.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tamsitt, Veronica. “Aspects of the Three-Dimensionality of the Southern Ocean Overturning Circulation.” 2018. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Tamsitt V. Aspects of the Three-Dimensionality of the Southern Ocean Overturning Circulation. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California, San Diego; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10748784.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Tamsitt V. Aspects of the Three-Dimensionality of the Southern Ocean Overturning Circulation. [Thesis]. University of California, San Diego; 2018. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10748784

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of California – San Diego

26. Hoppe, Lynne. A Performance Assessment of the WaveWatch III Ocean Wave Model in the Pacific Basin.

Degree: Oceanography, 2018, University of California – San Diego

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/97q5x8pq

► A performance assessment of the WaveWatch III (WW3) Ocean Wave Model in the Pacific Basin is conducted by comparing spectral model output to observational data… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Physical oceanography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hoppe, L. (2018). A Performance Assessment of the WaveWatch III Ocean Wave Model in the Pacific Basin. (Thesis). University of California – San Diego. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/97q5x8pq

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hoppe, Lynne. “A Performance Assessment of the WaveWatch III Ocean Wave Model in the Pacific Basin.” 2018. Thesis, University of California – San Diego. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/97q5x8pq.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hoppe, Lynne. “A Performance Assessment of the WaveWatch III Ocean Wave Model in the Pacific Basin.” 2018. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Hoppe L. A Performance Assessment of the WaveWatch III Ocean Wave Model in the Pacific Basin. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/97q5x8pq.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Hoppe L. A Performance Assessment of the WaveWatch III Ocean Wave Model in the Pacific Basin. [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2018. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/97q5x8pq

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

27. Christensen, Michael. The frequency and cause of shallow winter mixed layers in the Gulf of Maine.

Degree: MS, 2011, University of New Hampshire

URL: https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis/626

► In the Gulf of Maine, regional differences in wintertime stratification have important biological and physical implications. Phytoplankton blooms linked with shallow stratification events during… (more)

▼ In the Gulf of Maine, regional differences in wintertime stratification have important biological and physical implications. Phytoplankton blooms linked with shallow stratification events during the winter are important because they can provide an additional food source for zooplankton and larval fish populations. Regional differences in stratification and mixed layer depth may also affect rates of air-sea gas exchange. On an annual basis, variability in wintertime air-sea CO2 exchange is significant since it can affect the entire region's role as a sink or source of atmospheric carbon. Before examining how patterns in stratification affect biological and physical systems in the Gulf of Maine, it is necessary to understand the spatial and temporal variability in wintertime mixed layer depths. The cause and frequency of shallow winter mixed layers in the Gulf of Maine is investigated using salinity, temperature, and wind data. Salinity and temperature data comes from hydrographic profiles and moored, autonomous data collection buoys. Hydrographic profile data are available from the Bedford Institute of Oceanography (BIO) and Coastal Ocean Observing and Analysis (COOA) databanks. Time-series salinity and temperature data are taken from Gulf of Maine Ocean Observing System (GOMOOS) moorings. Wind data are available from the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Reanalysis II model. The roles of salinity, temperature, and wind stress are quantified to identify the cause of temporal and spatial patterns in stratification. To examine spatial variability, the Gulf of Maine is divided into 5 zones; Coastal, Western, Eastern, Northern, and Georges Bank. Inter-zonal comparison of mixed layer depth reveals distinct regional differences. Cast data shows considerable changes in mixed layer depth can occur over short distances. GOMOOS mooring data show that shallow mixed layers often occur and persist through the entire winter in the coastal and eastern Gulf of Maine. In these areas upper water-column (0 – 20m) stratification is governed by salinity. Cast data indicate deeper mixing over Wilkinson Basin. In this area, stratification in the upper 20m is weak and often governed by temperature decrease with depth. However, in all regions salinity increase with depth is responsible for the majority of shallow winter mixed layers. Comparison of wind stress and stratification at the GOMOOS moorings shows that winter wind events do not break down salinity driven stratification. Advisors/Committee Members: James Pringle.

Subjects/Keywords: Physical Oceanography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Christensen, M. (2011). The frequency and cause of shallow winter mixed layers in the Gulf of Maine. (Thesis). University of New Hampshire. Retrieved from https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis/626

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Christensen, Michael. “The frequency and cause of shallow winter mixed layers in the Gulf of Maine.” 2011. Thesis, University of New Hampshire. Accessed March 05, 2021. https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis/626.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Christensen, Michael. “The frequency and cause of shallow winter mixed layers in the Gulf of Maine.” 2011. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Christensen M. The frequency and cause of shallow winter mixed layers in the Gulf of Maine. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of New Hampshire; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis/626.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Christensen M. The frequency and cause of shallow winter mixed layers in the Gulf of Maine. [Thesis]. University of New Hampshire; 2011. Available from: https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis/626

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Maryland

28. Ding, Yanni. OCEAN VARIABILITY IN CMIP5 (COUPLED MODEL INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT PHASE 5) HISTORICAL SIMULATIONS.

Degree: Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 2014, University of Maryland

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1903/16284

► The oceans play a key role in the global climate variability. This dissertation examines climate variability in historical simulations from fourteen CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison… (more)

▼ The oceans play a key role in the global climate variability. This dissertation examines climate variability in historical simulations from fourteen CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) coupled models on different time scales. Responses of oceans to the external volcanic eruption, green house gas forcing, and internally generated variability are investigated with emphasis on higher latitudes. Chapter 2 addresses the oceanic response to tropical volcanic eruptions. Previous modeling studies have provided conflicting high latitude climate responses to volcanic eruptions, including the ocean's role. This controversy happens mainly because the response varies widely from model to model, and even varies among ensemble members of a single model. The increase in Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) after the volcanic eruption is closely linked with its internal variability. Chapter 3 addresses the seasonal and centennial trends in the Arctic Ocean. The Arctic warming is apparent in all models, although there is considerable variability especially its seasonal cycle. Both the surface heat flux and the oceanic heat convergence contribute to the Arctic warming on centennial time scale. Meanwhile, the seasonal variation of oceanic warming is largely determined by the atmospheric heating. In models presenting a clear seasonal cycle of surface net flux increases, there is a notable retreat of sea ice extent in winter, which allows more heat loss from the ocean through turbulent fluxes. Chapter 4 discusses the internally generated variability of high latitude water masses. Both the magnitude and the time scale of subarctic decadal variability are strikingly similar to observations. The analysis of the more realistic models provides constraints on relative roles of the oceanic heat transport and the atmospheric heat flux. One possible factor that could give rise to the different origins of ocean variability is the blocking of mid-latitude jet stream. The oceanic heat transport is more important to the decadal variability of the high latitude ocean in models where winter-time atmospheric blocking events over the Euro-Atlantic sector are more frequent. Advisors/Committee Members: Carton, James A. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Physical oceanography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ding, Y. (2014). OCEAN VARIABILITY IN CMIP5 (COUPLED MODEL INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT PHASE 5) HISTORICAL SIMULATIONS. (Thesis). University of Maryland. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1903/16284

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ding, Yanni. “OCEAN VARIABILITY IN CMIP5 (COUPLED MODEL INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT PHASE 5) HISTORICAL SIMULATIONS.” 2014. Thesis, University of Maryland. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/16284.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ding, Yanni. “OCEAN VARIABILITY IN CMIP5 (COUPLED MODEL INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT PHASE 5) HISTORICAL SIMULATIONS.” 2014. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Ding Y. OCEAN VARIABILITY IN CMIP5 (COUPLED MODEL INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT PHASE 5) HISTORICAL SIMULATIONS. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Maryland; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1903/16284.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ding Y. OCEAN VARIABILITY IN CMIP5 (COUPLED MODEL INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT PHASE 5) HISTORICAL SIMULATIONS. [Thesis]. University of Maryland; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1903/16284

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of California, Irvine

29. Bardin, Ann Marie. Novel Analysis Tools for Ocean Biogeochemical Models.

Degree: 2014, University of California, Irvine

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3646712

► Ocean general circulation models of the IPCC class have biases even when simulating present-day conditions, which may bring into question their predictions of future… (more)

▼ Ocean general circulation models of the IPCC class have biases even when simulating present-day conditions, which may bring into question their predictions of future conditions. This dissertation is about tools for, and results from assessing biases in the Community Earth System Model (CESM) ocean component, by itself and when combined with the Biological Ecosystem Cycling (BEC) model. Newly developed tools and their applications are listed. 1. An offline matrix tracer transport model for the ocean component of CESM. 2. A fast Newton-Krylov implicit tracer equilibrium solver for both the annually-averaged and the seasonally-varying circulation. 3. An effective preconditioner for the solver simulating radiocarbon. Application results: For a natural radiocarbon simulation, an equilibrium solution was obtained in 23 model-years, a dramatic decrease from the 4000 model-years reported for time-stepping. The modeled circulation in the deep Pacific Ocean produced radiocarbon ages twice those of observations. 4. A capability for computing the surface origin of water mass fractions as well as the age of the various water masses. Application results: The North Atlantic was the major supplier of ventilated water to not only the Atlantic, but also the Pacific and Indian Oceans. A lack of formation of bottom water in the Southern Ocean was discovered. 5. A capability for restricting the tracer simulation domain to a limited region of the ocean while retaining the effectiveness of advection and diffusion fields on the boundary. This reduces computational costs and allows separating local versus remote impacts of tracer sources on the biogeochemical tracer concentrations. This capability has the potential to provide a platform for further biogeochemical studies. Application results: The Indian Ocean region was isolated. Global versus regional circulation effects were determined using radiocarbon. Most of the bias within the region was eliminated by using observational, rather than globally calculated values, on the boundaries. Oxygen production and consumption from a CMIP5 BEC simulation were used to drive a regional oxygen model. Boundary values of oxygen from the CMIP5 BEC simulation were replaced with observations, resulting in less bias within the region. However, significant bias in the location of the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone remained.

Subjects/Keywords: Physical Oceanography; Biology, Oceanography

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Bardin, A. M. (2014). Novel Analysis Tools for Ocean Biogeochemical Models. (Thesis). University of California, Irvine. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3646712

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bardin, Ann Marie. “Novel Analysis Tools for Ocean Biogeochemical Models.” 2014. Thesis, University of California, Irvine. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3646712.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bardin, Ann Marie. “Novel Analysis Tools for Ocean Biogeochemical Models.” 2014. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Bardin AM. Novel Analysis Tools for Ocean Biogeochemical Models. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California, Irvine; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3646712.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Bardin AM. Novel Analysis Tools for Ocean Biogeochemical Models. [Thesis]. University of California, Irvine; 2014. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3646712

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of South Florida

30. Barnes, Brian Burnel. The Combined Effects of Light and Temperature on Coral Bleaching| A Case Study of the Florida Reef Tract Using Satellite Data.

Degree: 2014, University of South Florida

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3604824

► Coral reefs are greatly impacted by the physical characteristics of the water surrounding them. Incidence and severity of mass coral bleaching and mortality events… (more)

▼ Coral reefs are greatly impacted by the physical characteristics of the water surrounding them. Incidence and severity of mass coral bleaching and mortality events are increasing worldwide due primarily to increased water temperature, but also in response to other stressors. This decline in reef health demands clearer understanding of the compounding effects of multiple stressors, as well as widespread assessment of coral reef health in near-real time. Satellites offer a means by which some of the physical stressors on coral reefs can be measured. The synoptic spatial coverage and high repeat sampling frequency of such instruments allow for a quantity of data unattainable by in situ measurements. Unfortunately, errors in cloudmasking algorithms contaminate satellite derived sea surface temperature (SST) measurements, especially during anomalously cold events. Similarly, benthic interference of satellite-derived reflectance signals has resulted in large errors in derivations of water quality or clarity in coral reef environments. This work provides solutions to these issues for the coral reef environments of the Florida Keys. Specifically, improved SST cloudmasking algorithms were developed for both Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR; Appendix A) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data (Appendix B). Both of these improved algorithms were used to reveal the extent and severity of a January 2010 cold event that resulted in widespread mortality of Florida Keys corals. Applied to SST data from 2010, the improved MODIS cloudmasking algorithm also showed improved quantity of SST retrievals with minimal sacrifice in data quality. Two separate algorithms to derive water clarity from MODIS measurements of optically shallow waters were developed and validated, one focusing on the diffuse downwelling attenuation coefficient (K_d, m^-1) in visible bands (Appendix C), the other on K_d in the ultraviolet (Appendix D). The former utilized a semi-analytical approach to remove bottom influence, modified from an existing algorithm. The latter relied on empirical relationships between an extensive in situ training dataset and variations in MODIS-derived spectral shape, determined using a stepwise principal components regression. Both of these algorithms showed satisfactory validation statistics, and were used to elucidate spatiotemporal patterns of water clarity in the Florida Keys. Finally, an approach was developed to use Landsat data to detect concurrent MODIS-derived reflectance anomalies with over 90% accuracy (Appendix E). Application of this approach to historical Landsat data allowed for long-term, synoptic assessment of the water environment of the Florida Keys ecosystem. Using this approach, shifts in seagrass density, turbidity increases, black water events, and phytoplankton blooms were detected using Landsat data and corroborated with known environmental events. Many of these satellite data products were…

Subjects/Keywords: Physical Oceanography; Biology, Oceanography

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Barnes, B. B. (2014). The Combined Effects of Light and Temperature on Coral Bleaching| A Case Study of the Florida Reef Tract Using Satellite Data. (Thesis). University of South Florida. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3604824

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Barnes, Brian Burnel. “The Combined Effects of Light and Temperature on Coral Bleaching| A Case Study of the Florida Reef Tract Using Satellite Data.” 2014. Thesis, University of South Florida. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3604824.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Barnes, Brian Burnel. “The Combined Effects of Light and Temperature on Coral Bleaching| A Case Study of the Florida Reef Tract Using Satellite Data.” 2014. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Barnes BB. The Combined Effects of Light and Temperature on Coral Bleaching| A Case Study of the Florida Reef Tract Using Satellite Data. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of South Florida; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3604824.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Barnes BB. The Combined Effects of Light and Temperature on Coral Bleaching| A Case Study of the Florida Reef Tract Using Satellite Data. [Thesis]. University of South Florida; 2014. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3604824

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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Open Access Theses and Dissertations