subject:(Phenotypic Plasticity)

University of Alberta

1. Neufeld, Chris. Morphological plasticity of barnacle feeding legs and penises.

Degree: PhD, Department of Biological Sciences, 2011, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/cz30pt329

► One important source of phenotypic variation on which natural selection can act is developmental plasticity (the capacity of a single genotype to produce different environment-dependent… (more)

▼ One important source of phenotypic variation on which natural selection can act is developmental plasticity (the capacity of a single genotype to produce different environment-dependent forms). Therefore, studies of how the environment influences development can facilitate our understanding of how natural selection acts to yield phenotypic evolution. Using the Pacific barnacle (Balanus glandula Darwin), I explored how functionally independent appendages (the legs and unusually long penises of barnacles) respond to widespread spatial and temporal variation in water velocity and conspecific density. Through field surveys, reciprocal transplant experiments, and histological sectioning, I show that barnacle legs and penises appear remarkably well adapted to spatial and temporal variation in water velocity. Building on past work on leg form variation, I show that penises from exposed shores were shorter than, stouter than, and more than twice as massive for their length, as those from nearby protected bays (this effect holds true for artificially inflated penises as well). A transplant experiment confirmed that most of this variation in penis and leg form variation was due to developmental plasticity. Penises and legs of barnacles from an exposed shore also had thicker cuticle, and muscles with greater cross-sectional area (and shorter sarcomeres) compared to those from a protected shore. Form variation was consistent with numerous predictions from engineering theory suggesting that barnacles show dramatic, complex and likely adaptive variation in leg and penis form among sites that differ dramatically in water velocity. Additional experiments showed evidence for and against developmental limits to plasticity in barnacles. A transplant experiment identified an important (and asymmetrical) developmental limit to leg-length response time – likely mediated by food limitation – while a field survey showed that developmental coupling does not restrict adaptive plastic responses of legs and penises to multiple conflicting cues (conspecific density and water velocity). Finally, a two-year survey of natural populations revealed the first evidence that barnacles also change leg form seasonally. Together these results contribute valuable information on the mechanisms of phenotypic change. This research also sheds light on the circumstances that allow decoupling of developmental processes to produce novel combinations of characters on which natural selection can act.

Subjects/Keywords: Phenotypic Plasticity; Genitalia; Cirrepedia; Barnacle

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APA (6^th Edition):

Neufeld, C. (2011). Morphological plasticity of barnacle feeding legs and penises. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/cz30pt329

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Neufeld, Chris. “Morphological plasticity of barnacle feeding legs and penises.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Alberta. Accessed December 06, 2019. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/cz30pt329.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Neufeld, Chris. “Morphological plasticity of barnacle feeding legs and penises.” 2011. Web. 06 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Neufeld C. Morphological plasticity of barnacle feeding legs and penises. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2011. [cited 2019 Dec 06]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/cz30pt329.

Council of Science Editors:

Neufeld C. Morphological plasticity of barnacle feeding legs and penises. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2011. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/cz30pt329

University of Pretoria

2. Meyer, Aret. Phenotypic plasticity of phages with diverse genome sizes.

Degree: Genetics, 2008, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26157

► A key factor in studying evolutionary biology is an understanding of the mechanisms organisms utilise in the ongoing process of adaptation. When faced with a… (more)

▼ A key factor in studying evolutionary biology is an understanding of the mechanisms organisms utilise in the ongoing process of adaptation. When faced with a heterogeneous and unpredictable environment, we expect organisms to evolve either as specialists or generalists, yet a unifying theory as to which will evolve is still lacking due to conflicting hypotheses based on limited empirical evidence. Phenotypic plasticity allows a single genotype to express different phenotypes, and has been found as an adaptive response to changing environments in all major taxa. With the advent of genomics it has become possible to study the underlying genetics of this phenomenon. It is however becoming clear that there is no single principle governing the plastic response, but rather a complex set of interactions between what appears to be regulatory and structural genes. With empirical data only recently becoming more readily available, the modelling of plastic responses are often still founded on the theoretical predictions and assumptions for which there is little proof. To bridge the gap between theory and nature, the challenge facing scientists today is the construction of experimental systems where theoretical predictions can be scrutinised. Given that phenotypic plasticity is a widespread phenomenon, understanding the magnitude and constraints of this response is an important issue in the study of evolution. Models have predicted a correlation between genome size and phenotypic plasticity, with increased genome size (complexity) linked to higher levels of phenotypic plasticity. Experimental findings, however, increasingly point to plasticity being governed by complicated sets of interactions between various parts of the genome, the adaptive landscape, and environmental cues. In the work presented here, a study was designed to test for a correlation between genome size and the level of plasticity by, looking at the fitness response of phages exposed to varying temperature. Seven phages differing in genome size and genome composition were used. Genome sizes ranged from 5386 bp to 170 000 bp. Taking advantage of the short generation times of phages, fitness could be measured as the growth rate per hour, which was compared among the different phage groups. The growth of large populations within a constant, controlled environment minimized the complications of environmental heterogeneity, and allowed for quantitative measure of the response to different temperatures. This was used to gain insight into how genome size relates to the level of phenotypic plasticity. Limited generation numbers were allowed for, to ensure population growth could be directly related to the plasticity of the genome, since numerous generations would be required for the effects of selection to become apparent. Adsorption rates are influenced by temperature, and were therefore measured to determine if it had a significant effect on the resulting population density. Results showed a marginal interaction between genome size and phenotypic plasticity, with… Advisors/Committee Members: Prof J M Greeff (advisor), Prof S Durbach (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Phenotypic plasticity of phages; UCTD

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Meyer, A. (2008). Phenotypic plasticity of phages with diverse genome sizes. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26157

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Meyer, Aret. “Phenotypic plasticity of phages with diverse genome sizes.” 2008. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed December 06, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26157.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Meyer, Aret. “Phenotypic plasticity of phages with diverse genome sizes.” 2008. Web. 06 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Meyer A. Phenotypic plasticity of phages with diverse genome sizes. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2008. [cited 2019 Dec 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26157.

Council of Science Editors:

Meyer A. Phenotypic plasticity of phages with diverse genome sizes. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26157

University of Pretoria

3. [No author]. Phenotypic plasticity of phages with diverse genome sizes .

Degree: 2008, University of Pretoria

URL: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07092008-141433/

► A key factor in studying evolutionary biology is an understanding of the mechanisms organisms utilise in the ongoing process of adaptation. When faced with a… (more)

▼ A key factor in studying evolutionary biology is an understanding of the mechanisms organisms utilise in the ongoing process of adaptation. When faced with a heterogeneous and unpredictable environment, we expect organisms to evolve either as specialists or generalists, yet a unifying theory as to which will evolve is still lacking due to conflicting hypotheses based on limited empirical evidence. Phenotypic plasticity allows a single genotype to express different phenotypes, and has been found as an adaptive response to changing environments in all major taxa. With the advent of genomics it has become possible to study the underlying genetics of this phenomenon. It is however becoming clear that there is no single principle governing the plastic response, but rather a complex set of interactions between what appears to be regulatory and structural genes. With empirical data only recently becoming more readily available, the modelling of plastic responses are often still founded on the theoretical predictions and assumptions for which there is little proof. To bridge the gap between theory and nature, the challenge facing scientists today is the construction of experimental systems where theoretical predictions can be scrutinised. Given that phenotypic plasticity is a widespread phenomenon, understanding the magnitude and constraints of this response is an important issue in the study of evolution. Models have predicted a correlation between genome size and phenotypic plasticity, with increased genome size (complexity) linked to higher levels of phenotypic plasticity. Experimental findings, however, increasingly point to plasticity being governed by complicated sets of interactions between various parts of the genome, the adaptive landscape, and environmental cues. In the work presented here, a study was designed to test for a correlation between genome size and the level of plasticity by, looking at the fitness response of phages exposed to varying temperature. Seven phages differing in genome size and genome composition were used. Genome sizes ranged from 5386 bp to 170 000 bp. Taking advantage of the short generation times of phages, fitness could be measured as the growth rate per hour, which was compared among the different phage groups. The growth of large populations within a constant, controlled environment minimized the complications of environmental heterogeneity, and allowed for quantitative measure of the response to different temperatures. This was used to gain insight into how genome size relates to the level of phenotypic plasticity. Limited generation numbers were allowed for, to ensure population growth could be directly related to the plasticity of the genome, since numerous generations would be required for the effects of selection to become apparent. Adsorption rates are influenced by temperature, and were therefore measured to determine if it had a significant effect on the resulting population density. Results showed a marginal interaction between genome size and phenotypic plasticity, with… Advisors/Committee Members: Prof J M Greeff (advisor), Prof S Durbach (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Phenotypic plasticity of phages; UCTD

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APA (6^th Edition):

author], [. (2008). Phenotypic plasticity of phages with diverse genome sizes . (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07092008-141433/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

author], [No. “Phenotypic plasticity of phages with diverse genome sizes .” 2008. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed December 06, 2019. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07092008-141433/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

author], [No. “Phenotypic plasticity of phages with diverse genome sizes .” 2008. Web. 06 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

author] [. Phenotypic plasticity of phages with diverse genome sizes . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2008. [cited 2019 Dec 06]. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07092008-141433/.

Council of Science Editors:

author] [. Phenotypic plasticity of phages with diverse genome sizes . [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2008. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07092008-141433/

Portland State University

4. Pri-Tal, Benjamin M. Genomic and Hormonal Components of Altered Developmental Pathways in the Annual Killifish, Austrofundulus limnaeus.

Degree: MS(M.S.) in Biology, Biology, 2010, Portland State University

URL: http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/167

► The annual killifish, Austrofundulus limnaeus, may enter embryonic diapause at three distinct points of development, termed diapause I, II, and III. Previous studies suggest… (more)

▼ The annual killifish, Austrofundulus limnaeus, may enter embryonic diapause at three distinct points of development, termed diapause I, II, and III. Previous studies suggest a role for steroid hormones in the regulation of diapause in annual killifish. This study concerns the hormonal and genomic components involved in the developmental decision to enter or escape diapause II from both a maternal and embryonic perspective. Steroid hormone levels were measured in tissues isolated from adult female fish that were producing either high or low proportions of escape embryos. Levels of steroid hormones were also measured in new fertilized embryos that were known to be on either an escape or diapausing developmental trajectory. In addition, cDNA microarray gene expression analysis was used to identify gene sequences that may be associated with the regulation of entry into diapause in this species. Decreases in maternal estrogen levels associated with aging are correlated with decreasing escape embryo production, but there is no direct association between measured steroid hormone levels and escape embryo production. However, maternal production of escape embryos is correlated with increased ratios of 17 ß-estradiol to testosterone in ovary tissue, and cDNA microarray gene expression analysis indicates differentially regulated sequences associated with escape embryo production in maternal tissues. Both of these independent measures suggest hormonal involvement in the regulation of diapause. Embryonic levels of steroid hormones in newly fertilized embryos are not correlated with entry or escape from diapause II, although incubation in exogenous cortisol and 17 ß-estradiol causes an increase in the proportion of escape embryos. Gene expression analysis again suggests hormonal involvement. Interestingly, genes involved in epigenetic control of gene expression though chromatin condensation are differentially regulated in both maternal tissues producing escape embryos, and in embryos on the different developmental trajectories. These data suggest that hormonal control of gene expression through alterations of chromatin condensation may regulate the decision to enter or escape diapause II. Advisors/Committee Members: Jason E. Podrabsky.

Subjects/Keywords: Killifishes; Diapause; Phenotypic plasticity

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Pri-Tal, B. M. (2010). Genomic and Hormonal Components of Altered Developmental Pathways in the Annual Killifish, Austrofundulus limnaeus. (Masters Thesis). Portland State University. Retrieved from http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/167

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pri-Tal, Benjamin M. “Genomic and Hormonal Components of Altered Developmental Pathways in the Annual Killifish, Austrofundulus limnaeus.” 2010. Masters Thesis, Portland State University. Accessed December 06, 2019. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/167.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pri-Tal, Benjamin M. “Genomic and Hormonal Components of Altered Developmental Pathways in the Annual Killifish, Austrofundulus limnaeus.” 2010. Web. 06 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Pri-Tal BM. Genomic and Hormonal Components of Altered Developmental Pathways in the Annual Killifish, Austrofundulus limnaeus. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Portland State University; 2010. [cited 2019 Dec 06]. Available from: http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/167.

Council of Science Editors:

Pri-Tal BM. Genomic and Hormonal Components of Altered Developmental Pathways in the Annual Killifish, Austrofundulus limnaeus. [Masters Thesis]. Portland State University; 2010. Available from: http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/167

Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

5. Van de Ven, Tanja Maria Francisca Nicole. Phenotypic plasticity of metabolic rate in an afrotropical bird species (Euplectes orix) across a temperature gradient.

Degree: Faculty of Science, 2012, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012659

► Avian species are known to have the capacity to respond to environmental changes through physiological adjustments. The process whereby organisms adjust their phenotype without genetic… (more)

▼ Avian species are known to have the capacity to respond to environmental changes through physiological adjustments. The process whereby organisms adjust their phenotype without genetic change is termed phenotypic plasticity and it is mostly observed to be a phenotypic improvement to ecological challenges. Metabolic rate (MR), which is the rate of energy expenditure in a species, is a highly flexible physiological parameter which results in a great diversity of avian standardised metabolic rates. Like birds from high latitudes, Afrotropical bird species are expected to have the capacity to adjust their energy expenditure to match the availability of resources. Previous studies on the flexibility of physiological parameters in birds have focused on the magnitude of change of physiological adjustments and the cues inducing these changes. Comparative research has furthermore investigated metabolic rates across aridity, altitude, latitude and temperature gradients. Recently, a clear dichotomy has become evident with elevated metabolic rates observed in high latitude birds in winter and a down-regulation of metabolic rates observed in birds exposed to low latitude mild winters. In this study, the shape of the reaction norm, the magnitude, the reversibility, the direction and the rate of change of two physiological parameters, basal metabolic rate (BMR) and summit metabolic rate (Msum), were investigated in a coastal and an inland population of Southern Red Bishops (Euplectes orix) through seasonal acclimatisation and laboratory acclimation. Summer and winter basal metabolic rates as well as body mass, were highly flexible traits in free-ranging coastal and inland Red Bishops. Birds acclimatised to a mild coastal climate in winter exhibited reduced basal and summit metabolic rates, whereas birds originating from a more variable inland climate increased basal metabolic rate in winter, but did not show increases of Msum in winter. Red Bishops responded to short term thermal acclimation under laboratory conditions by gradually changing body mass. Acclimation periods of 21 days revealed a negative relationship between body mass and acclimation air temperature. Peak responses of basal metabolic rate to ambient temperature change were observed in both coastal and inland birds between two and eight days after the change in acclimation air temperature. The influences of seasonal acclimatisation on energy expenditure differed between coastal and inland birds, however, during laboratory acclimation individuals from the two populations showed no difference in response. Within the individuals of the coastal and inland Southern Red Bishops, phenotypic flexibility is observed in body mass, basal metabolic rate and summit metabolic rate as a response to environmental changes. This flexibility is thought to increase thermoregulatory capacities of the Southern Red Bishop in different habitats and climates.

Subjects/Keywords: Phenotypic plasticity; Evolutionary genetics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Van de Ven, T. M. F. N. (2012). Phenotypic plasticity of metabolic rate in an afrotropical bird species (Euplectes orix) across a temperature gradient. (Thesis). Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012659

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Van de Ven, Tanja Maria Francisca Nicole. “Phenotypic plasticity of metabolic rate in an afrotropical bird species (Euplectes orix) across a temperature gradient.” 2012. Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Accessed December 06, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012659.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Van de Ven, Tanja Maria Francisca Nicole. “Phenotypic plasticity of metabolic rate in an afrotropical bird species (Euplectes orix) across a temperature gradient.” 2012. Web. 06 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Van de Ven TMFN. Phenotypic plasticity of metabolic rate in an afrotropical bird species (Euplectes orix) across a temperature gradient. [Internet] [Thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2012. [cited 2019 Dec 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012659.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Van de Ven TMFN. Phenotypic plasticity of metabolic rate in an afrotropical bird species (Euplectes orix) across a temperature gradient. [Thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012659

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Oregon

6. Valley, Jenna. Phenotyptic Plasticity in Larval and Juvenile Marine Invertebrates: Effects of Predators, Food, Gravity, and Sunlight.

Degree: 2016, University of Oregon

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20714

► Phenotypic plasticity, the ability of a single genotype to be expressed as a range of phenotypes in response to environmental variation, is a widespread phenomenon.… (more)

▼ Phenotypic plasticity, the ability of a single genotype to be expressed as a range of phenotypes in response to environmental variation, is a widespread phenomenon. Documented increasingly among the larval stages of marine organisms, phenotypic plasticity in the veliger larvae of the marine snail Littorina scutulata was investigated in response to predatory, nutritional, and gravitational stimuli. Veligers developed rounder shells, smaller apertures, and reinforced aperture margins in response to water-borne cues from predatory crab larvae. The nature and degree of the induced-morphologies depended on cue composition and conferred decreased vulnerability to predation. Food-limited veligers developed larger feeding and swimming structures (vela) with longer cilia relative to shell size compared to larvae raised with high food. This inducible offense corresponded with a decrease in vertical swimming speed, an unexpected result possibly reflecting behavioral manipulation of individual velar components. A cell proliferation assay indicated that growth of the larger structure was achieved partially by a steady rate of cell division over a longer period of time; an initially higher level of cell proliferation in veligers raised on high food dropped off sharply. Velar lobe asymmetry, where one lobe is larger than the other, may exist to offset an asymmetry in weight distribution due to how the larval shell is carried. The larger velar lobe overlies the protruding spire of the larval shell. Bi- and multi-lobed vela get bigger with shell size but follow different rules with regards to the relationship between velar asymmetry and shell asymmetry. Experimental alternations of mass distribution of the larval shell caused changes in the ratio of area between each side of the velum and total velar growth for larvae of L. scutulata. Following settlement and metamorphosis, juveniles of intertidal marine invertebrates are subject to additional stressors that can manifest as phenotypic variation. Color differences between juvenile and adult Strongylocentrotus purpuratus were shown to be caused by variation in light exposure. Green juveniles raised in sunlight turned purple (due to more pigment) and showed decreased susceptibility to artificial UVR than urchins kept in the dark, which remained green (due to less pigment). This dissertation includes previously unpublished co-authored material. Advisors/Committee Members: Roy, Barbara (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Phenotypic plasticity; Urchin; Veliger larvae

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Valley, J. (2016). Phenotyptic Plasticity in Larval and Juvenile Marine Invertebrates: Effects of Predators, Food, Gravity, and Sunlight. (Thesis). University of Oregon. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20714

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Valley, Jenna. “Phenotyptic Plasticity in Larval and Juvenile Marine Invertebrates: Effects of Predators, Food, Gravity, and Sunlight.” 2016. Thesis, University of Oregon. Accessed December 06, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20714.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Valley, Jenna. “Phenotyptic Plasticity in Larval and Juvenile Marine Invertebrates: Effects of Predators, Food, Gravity, and Sunlight.” 2016. Web. 06 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Valley J. Phenotyptic Plasticity in Larval and Juvenile Marine Invertebrates: Effects of Predators, Food, Gravity, and Sunlight. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Oregon; 2016. [cited 2019 Dec 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20714.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Valley J. Phenotyptic Plasticity in Larval and Juvenile Marine Invertebrates: Effects of Predators, Food, Gravity, and Sunlight. [Thesis]. University of Oregon; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20714

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of New South Wales

7. Fazlioglu, Fatih. The role and pattern of phenotypic plasticity in ecological specialization of plants.

Degree: Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, 2016, University of New South Wales

URL: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/55963 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:39726/SOURCE02?view=true

► Phenotypic plasticity and ecological specialization play vital roles in plant adaptations across habitats. These two fundamental strategies appear to be opposing due to the assumption… (more)

▼ Phenotypic plasticity and ecological specialization play vital roles in plant adaptations across habitats. These two fundamental strategies appear to be opposing due to the assumption that specialization reduces the ability (i.e. plasticity) to respond environmental changes. Despite extensive research on phenotypic plasticity, our understanding of this complex property is still limited. This thesis examines the interplay between plasticity and specialization together with reproductive and competitive strategies of plants. Firstly, I conducted a data-synthesis for the first time in literature to test specialization hypothesis and the role of reproductive strategies in habitat specialization. I found that non-clonal plants expressed greater plasticity than clonal plants. Moreover, specialization to relatively benign habitats did not result in greater performance plasticity; contrary to the specialization hypothesis predictions. Secondly, I examined plasticity and consequences of specialization in an altitudinal gradient following a population expansion from relatively good to more stressful habitats. I tested if specialization is linked with a general loss of plasticity. Specialization to a higher abiotic stress was associated with adaptive plasticity loss in functional traits. Therefore, specialization may limit plant responses to future environmental changes. Thirdly, I studied how simulated competition affects plant life histories and growth forms, and the role of shade avoidance plasticity. I found that all of our species invested more to reproduction under simulated competition. Interestingly, I also found that shade avoidance plasticity can increase reproductive efficiency. Therefore, shade avoidance can be regarded as a strategy to increase reproduction and not only a competitive strategy as has been predicted. Lastly, I tested specialization hypothesis along an environmental stress gradient by comparing plastic responses of a high stress mine site and low stress adjacent area populations. There was no performance difference between populations across pH treatments. The overall result did not support the specialization hypothesis and suggested that the species have invaded mine sites are either extreme generalists or retain stress tolerant genotypes. In conclusion, although the evolution of specialization is common in nature, plasticity expression in my experiments did not follow the patterns predicted by the specialization hypothesis. Advisors/Committee Members: Bonser, Stephen, Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, UNSW, Moles, Angela, Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, UNSW.

Subjects/Keywords: Plants; Phenotypic plasticity; Ecological specialization

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Fazlioglu, F. (2016). The role and pattern of phenotypic plasticity in ecological specialization of plants. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New South Wales. Retrieved from http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/55963 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:39726/SOURCE02?view=true

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fazlioglu, Fatih. “The role and pattern of phenotypic plasticity in ecological specialization of plants.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New South Wales. Accessed December 06, 2019. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/55963 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:39726/SOURCE02?view=true.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fazlioglu, Fatih. “The role and pattern of phenotypic plasticity in ecological specialization of plants.” 2016. Web. 06 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Fazlioglu F. The role and pattern of phenotypic plasticity in ecological specialization of plants. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2016. [cited 2019 Dec 06]. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/55963 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:39726/SOURCE02?view=true.

Council of Science Editors:

Fazlioglu F. The role and pattern of phenotypic plasticity in ecological specialization of plants. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2016. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/55963 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:39726/SOURCE02?view=true

Queens University

8. Turko, Patrick. Ecological Differentiation in a Hybridizing Cryptic Species Complex .

Degree: Biology, 2012, Queens University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6936

► The hybridizing Daphnia mendotae and D. dentifera (Crustacea: Cladocera) are sympatric throughout much of North America, and are considered a cryptic species complex due to… (more)

▼ The hybridizing Daphnia mendotae and D. dentifera (Crustacea: Cladocera) are sympatric throughout much of North America, and are considered a cryptic species complex due to their lack of phylogenetically informative morphological characters. They appear to have no biological mating barriers: hybrids may dominate or coexist with either or both parental species, and are sexually competent, forming both F2 hybrids and back-crosses. Nevertheless, the two species remain distinct. There is observational evidence that separation may be enforced by adaptation to different predation regimes: D. mendotae, with its greater anti-predator morphological plasticity, may out-compete D. dentifera under intense invertebrate predation, while the smaller D. dentifera may be better adapted to avoid predation by visually feeding fish. We tested this idea by examining whether D. mendotae and D. dentifera differ in ecologically relevant life history and morphological traits. We performed a replicated life history experiment involving 6 replicates of 6 clones within each species, and measured time until first reproduction, fecundity, and juvenile and population growth rates. In parallel, we examined whether these species differed in morphological traits predicted to arise from adaptation to different predator types, and tested the ecological relevance of these traits by exposing Daphnia to predation by the invasive cladoceran Bythotrephes longimanus. Finally, we examined the plasticity of life history, morphology, and susceptibility to predation by rearing Daphnia under exposure to Bythotrephes chemical cues for two generations. D. mendotae and D. dentifera differed across almost all measured life history and morphological traits in directions that accord with our hypotheses, strongly suggesting that their species boundaries are maintained by adaptation to different predation regimes. Plastic reaction to Bythotrephes, however, was weak and inconsistent, suggesting that these species either do not detect or respond to this recent invader, or that their responses are manifested in other ways.

Subjects/Keywords: Phenotypic Plasticity; Ecological Speciation

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Turko, P. (2012). Ecological Differentiation in a Hybridizing Cryptic Species Complex . (Thesis). Queens University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6936

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Turko, Patrick. “Ecological Differentiation in a Hybridizing Cryptic Species Complex .” 2012. Thesis, Queens University. Accessed December 06, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6936.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Turko, Patrick. “Ecological Differentiation in a Hybridizing Cryptic Species Complex .” 2012. Web. 06 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Turko P. Ecological Differentiation in a Hybridizing Cryptic Species Complex . [Internet] [Thesis]. Queens University; 2012. [cited 2019 Dec 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6936.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Turko P. Ecological Differentiation in a Hybridizing Cryptic Species Complex . [Thesis]. Queens University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6936

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Western Australia

9. Williams, Aleida Helen. An ecophysiological comparison of rare ironstone endemics and their common congeners.

Degree: PhD, 2007, University of Western Australia

URL: http://repository.uwa.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=10682&local_base=GEN01-INS01

► [Truncated abstract] In south-western Australia a rare plant community occurs on shallow soils overlaying massive ironstone rock. These 'ironstone communities' are open shrublands, which are… (more)

▼ [Truncated abstract] In south-western Australia a rare plant community occurs on shallow soils overlaying massive ironstone rock. These 'ironstone communities' are open shrublands, which are subject to extremes in drought and solar radiation and support many rare and endemic species. The restricted distribution of many of these species may be related to their high degree of specialisation to this harsh habitat and their inability to respond plastically to different environmental conditions. Indeed, earlier work has shown that ironstone Hakea species (Proteaceae) have a specialist root-system morphology investing mainly in deep roots, thereby increasing their chance of accessing cracks in the rock surface and obtaining water before the onset of summer drought. In this thesis I further examine aspects of specialisation and its possible consequences for species rarity using two ironstone Hakea species and comparing them with two of their widely distributed congeners. In the first experiment (Chapter 2) I explore inherent drought tolerance, independent of root-system morphology, as a further specialisation to the ironstone environment. All species were grown in sand in pots in a glasshouse for 7 months and then droughted for 5 weeks. There was no evidence that the ironstone species had a greater inherent drought tolerance than their common congeners. During drought all species maintained leaf water content of mature leaves by reducing stomatal conductance and osmotically adjusting, though ironstone species tended to OA (osmotic adjustment) more than common species. ... This suboptimal investment of resources may result in a lower competitive ability in shadier environments, and thus could partially explain their restricted distribution. In Chapter 4, I investigated the plasticity of root traits in response to levels of phosphorus supply. South-western Australian soils are phosphorus impoverished and phosphorus is well known to elicit plastic responses in root allocation and architecture. Ironstone species showed less plasticity in total root length, producing similar root length across P treatments, while common species showed an increase in root length with increasing [P]. Other root characteristics were similarly plastic in response to P treatment between species. However, when supplied with increasing [P], ironstone species invested an increasing proportion of roots in the bottom of pots while common species invested more in the top. This differential response in root allocation in response to P may reflect a fundamental trade-off between nutrient and water acquisition, with the ironstone species mainly foraging for water and investing in deeper roots, while the common species invest more in superficial roots to obtain nutrients. In conclusion, the rarity and restricted distribution of the ironstone Hakea species may be related to their specialist root-system morphology as well as a lowered phenotypic plasticity of functional traits. A reduction in plasticity may reduce their competitive ability outside their…

Subjects/Keywords: Hakea; Phenotypic plasticity; Proteaceae; Rare plants; Rarity; Ecophysiology; Phenotypic plasticity

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APA (6^th Edition):

Williams, A. H. (2007). An ecophysiological comparison of rare ironstone endemics and their common congeners. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Western Australia. Retrieved from http://repository.uwa.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=10682&local_base=GEN01-INS01

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Williams, Aleida Helen. “An ecophysiological comparison of rare ironstone endemics and their common congeners.” 2007. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Western Australia. Accessed December 06, 2019. http://repository.uwa.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=10682&local_base=GEN01-INS01.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Williams, Aleida Helen. “An ecophysiological comparison of rare ironstone endemics and their common congeners.” 2007. Web. 06 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Williams AH. An ecophysiological comparison of rare ironstone endemics and their common congeners. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Western Australia; 2007. [cited 2019 Dec 06]. Available from: http://repository.uwa.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=10682&local_base=GEN01-INS01.

Council of Science Editors:

Williams AH. An ecophysiological comparison of rare ironstone endemics and their common congeners. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Western Australia; 2007. Available from: http://repository.uwa.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=10682&local_base=GEN01-INS01

Texas A&M University

10. Owings, Charity Grace 1987-. Developmental Plasticity of Cochliomyia macellaria Fabricius (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from Three Distinct Ecoregions in Texas.

Degree: 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148208

► Forensic entomology is a well-established science linking arthropod biology and ecology to legal investigations. Specifically, immature development on a decomposing corpse may give insight into… (more)

▼ Forensic entomology is a well-established science linking arthropod biology and ecology to legal investigations. Specifically, immature development on a decomposing corpse may give insight into the minimum time elapsed since death. Until recently, biological variation within a single species has been overlooked when estimating colonization events. Variation in the form of phenotypic plasticity, or the ability of a single genotype to produce multiple phenotypes under alternative stresses, has been documented in genetic and ecological literature and spans across all phyla. Taking this into account, different subpopulations of forensically pertinent insect species should also possess the ability to adapt to changing environments as geographic distribution increases. Thus, plastic responses of a species to alternative stresses may be measured in biological parameters, such as development time. In this research, three geographically distinct strains of the blow fly Cochliomyia macellaria Fabricius (Diptera Calliphoridae) were reared in two distinct environments in order to measure development time, as well as pupal and adult masses. Strains exhibited genetic variance when compared to each other, and each strain exhibited variable responses across environments (phenotypic plasticity). Plasticity in the form of genotype by environment (GxE) interactions was also exhibited by C. macellaria, although consistent adherence to any single rule explaining ontogenetic trends was not apparent. This research supports the existence of intraspecific variation in a common blow fly of forensic importance. Results of this study will impact the forensic entomology community by encouraging the generation of either strain;specific developmental datasets or statistical models to minimize variation caused by genetic, environment, or GxE effects in order to compare developmental data across strains. Advisors/Committee Members: Tomberlin, Jeffery K (advisor), Tarone, Aaron M (committee member), Lacher, Thomas E (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: forensic entomology; Texas; blow fly; Phenotypic plasticity

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APA (6^th Edition):

Owings, C. G. 1. (2012). Developmental Plasticity of Cochliomyia macellaria Fabricius (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from Three Distinct Ecoregions in Texas. (Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148208

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Owings, Charity Grace 1987-. “Developmental Plasticity of Cochliomyia macellaria Fabricius (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from Three Distinct Ecoregions in Texas.” 2012. Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed December 06, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148208.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Owings, Charity Grace 1987-. “Developmental Plasticity of Cochliomyia macellaria Fabricius (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from Three Distinct Ecoregions in Texas.” 2012. Web. 06 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Owings CG1. Developmental Plasticity of Cochliomyia macellaria Fabricius (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from Three Distinct Ecoregions in Texas. [Internet] [Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2019 Dec 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148208.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Owings CG1. Developmental Plasticity of Cochliomyia macellaria Fabricius (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from Three Distinct Ecoregions in Texas. [Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148208

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Georgia Tech

11. Dell, Claire Louise Alice. Acclimating across healthy and degraded reefs.

Degree: PhD, Biology, 2016, Georgia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/58580

► As a result of human activities, many environments are becoming fragmented into areas with different community compositions and selective regimes. The coral reefs of Fiji… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Coral reef; Marine protected area; Phenotypic plasticity

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APA (6^th Edition):

Dell, C. L. A. (2016). Acclimating across healthy and degraded reefs. (Doctoral Dissertation). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/58580

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dell, Claire Louise Alice. “Acclimating across healthy and degraded reefs.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia Tech. Accessed December 06, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/58580.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dell, Claire Louise Alice. “Acclimating across healthy and degraded reefs.” 2016. Web. 06 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Dell CLA. Acclimating across healthy and degraded reefs. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2016. [cited 2019 Dec 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/58580.

Council of Science Editors:

Dell CLA. Acclimating across healthy and degraded reefs. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/58580

Georgia Tech

12. Glastad, Karl M. Epigenetics in social insects.

Degree: PhD, Biology, 2016, Georgia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54926

► Virtually all multicellular organisms are capable of developing differently in response to environmental variation. At the molecular level, such developmental plasticity requires interpretation and perpetuation… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Epigenetics; DNA methylation; Social insects; Phenotypic plasticity

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APA (6^th Edition):

Glastad, K. M. (2016). Epigenetics in social insects. (Doctoral Dissertation). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54926

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Glastad, Karl M. “Epigenetics in social insects.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia Tech. Accessed December 06, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54926.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Glastad, Karl M. “Epigenetics in social insects.” 2016. Web. 06 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Glastad KM. Epigenetics in social insects. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2016. [cited 2019 Dec 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54926.

Council of Science Editors:

Glastad KM. Epigenetics in social insects. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54926

Cornell University

13. Cortez, Michael. Understanding The Effects Of Rapid Adaptation On Predator-Prey Interactions Using The Theory Of Fast-Slow Dynamical Systems .

Degree: 2011, Cornell University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33579

► Interspecific interactions depend not only on the population densities of the interacting species, but on their phenotypes as well. Variation in ecologically important species traits… (more)

▼ Interspecific interactions depend not only on the population densities of the interacting species, but on their phenotypes as well. Variation in ecologically important species traits can be heritable or plastic in nature and both yield phenotypic change that occurs at rates comparable to or faster than those of ecological dynamics. This thesis explores how the effects of heritable and plastic phenotypic variation on community dynamics can be captured under one unifying theory using the theory of fast-slow dynamical systems. The analysis presented here focuses on the limit where phenotypic change occurs faster than changes in species' abundances in predator-prey systems. This approach reduces model dimension and yields analytical results and graphical methods with predictive power about when new and unique dynamics will arise in ecological systems with rapid phenotypic change. In addition, while explicitly assuming a separation of time scales, the analysis of the fast adaptation limit yields insight into the consequences of adaptive change when the rates of the adaptive and ecological processes are comparable. The results presented here show that evolution and phenotypic plasticity have different effects on the community dynamics of predator-prey systems. Rapid evolution has the potential to stabilize or destabilize population oscillations while phenotypic plasticity only stabilizes population oscillations. Evo- lution can also yield population oscillations where the predator and prey are completely out-of-phase or one species oscillates while the other remains essentially constant. These two behaviors are not possible in phenotypically plastic or phenotypically fixed predator-prey systems. This thesis also presents an analysis of the dynamics that arise in the vicinity of a transversal intersection of the critical manifold in multiple time scale biological systems. Such intersections are generic in fast-slow eco-evolutionary models and the results presented here show that complex dynamics arise near the transversal intersections of the critical manifold. These dynamics arise in regions of parameter space where periodic orbits exist and in phase space where the fast-slow structure of the system is no longer present. Advisors/Committee Members: Hairston Jr, Nelson George (committeeMember), Guckenheimer, John Mark (committeeMember).

Subjects/Keywords: phenotypic plasticity; rapid evolution; fast-slow systems

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cortez, M. (2011). Understanding The Effects Of Rapid Adaptation On Predator-Prey Interactions Using The Theory Of Fast-Slow Dynamical Systems . (Thesis). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33579

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cortez, Michael. “Understanding The Effects Of Rapid Adaptation On Predator-Prey Interactions Using The Theory Of Fast-Slow Dynamical Systems .” 2011. Thesis, Cornell University. Accessed December 06, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33579.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cortez, Michael. “Understanding The Effects Of Rapid Adaptation On Predator-Prey Interactions Using The Theory Of Fast-Slow Dynamical Systems .” 2011. Web. 06 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Cortez M. Understanding The Effects Of Rapid Adaptation On Predator-Prey Interactions Using The Theory Of Fast-Slow Dynamical Systems . [Internet] [Thesis]. Cornell University; 2011. [cited 2019 Dec 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33579.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Cortez M. Understanding The Effects Of Rapid Adaptation On Predator-Prey Interactions Using The Theory Of Fast-Slow Dynamical Systems . [Thesis]. Cornell University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33579

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Houston

14. Russey, William Andrew 1986-. THE ROLE OF TEMPERATURE AND ADAPTIVE PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY IN THE EVOLUTION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER MORPHOLOGICAL CLINES.

Degree: Biology and Biochemistry, Department of, 2014, University of Houston

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10657/1463

► Variation in morphology results in variation in ecologically relevant performances, which ultimately results in variation in fitness allowing for adaptive evolution. Task performances, such as… (more)

▼ Variation in morphology results in variation in ecologically relevant performances, which ultimately results in variation in fitness allowing for adaptive evolution. Task performances, such as flight ability, result from the proper scaling of and functional integration of numerous component traits. Morphological variation underlying ecologically relevant task performances can experience strong environmental effects in their expression, or phenotypic plasticity. Historically, the role phenotypic plasticity in adaptive evolution has been controversial, although it has garnered increased support in recent decades. Drosophila spp. are globally distributed and exhibit convergent morphological clines in flight morphology, and importantly, they also exhibit patterns of phenotypic plasticity consistent with these geographic patterns. In the work presented here, I examine if existing patterns of D. melanogaster flight morphology are adaptive regarding flight performance and fitness under the prediction of phenotype-environment matching, wherein the phenotype expressed in an environment enhances fitness in the predicted environment. In the work presented here, I demonstrate (i) phenotypic plasticity in D. melanogaster exhibits a pattern of adaptive phenotype-environment matching in which an induced phenotype is best-suited for flight at the temperature of development, (ii) the pattern of thermally-induced phenotypic plasticity facilitates the evolution of upwind flight performance at Cool and Warm flight temperatures, (iii) adaptive evolution by genetic accommodation is a dynamic process and the contribution of traits responding to selection vary and change over time, and finally, (iv) the adaptive pattern of phenotype-environment matching regarding flight performance is only partially realized as an increase to fitness, measured as survival in presence of predators. My dissertation work importantly demonstrates existing patterns of phenotype-environment matching in D. melanogaster, and demonstrates how this pattern facilitates adaptive evolution by genetic accommodation in a complex phenotype that exhibits natural, continuous variation. Advisors/Committee Members: Frankino, W. Anthony (advisor), Azevedo, Ricardo B. R. (committee member), Cole, Blaine (committee member), Roman, Gregg (committee member), Roberts, Stephen P. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: phenotypic plasticity; temperature; Drosophila; flight; genetic accommodation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Russey, W. A. 1. (2014). THE ROLE OF TEMPERATURE AND ADAPTIVE PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY IN THE EVOLUTION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER MORPHOLOGICAL CLINES. (Thesis). University of Houston. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10657/1463

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Russey, William Andrew 1986-. “THE ROLE OF TEMPERATURE AND ADAPTIVE PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY IN THE EVOLUTION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER MORPHOLOGICAL CLINES.” 2014. Thesis, University of Houston. Accessed December 06, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10657/1463.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Russey, William Andrew 1986-. “THE ROLE OF TEMPERATURE AND ADAPTIVE PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY IN THE EVOLUTION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER MORPHOLOGICAL CLINES.” 2014. Web. 06 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Russey WA1. THE ROLE OF TEMPERATURE AND ADAPTIVE PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY IN THE EVOLUTION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER MORPHOLOGICAL CLINES. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Houston; 2014. [cited 2019 Dec 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10657/1463.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Russey WA1. THE ROLE OF TEMPERATURE AND ADAPTIVE PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY IN THE EVOLUTION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER MORPHOLOGICAL CLINES. [Thesis]. University of Houston; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10657/1463

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Pennsylvania

15. O'Brien, Katherine Rogan. The Genetic Basis of Phenotypic Plasticity in Natural Populations of Drosophila.

Degree: 2014, University of Pennsylvania

URL: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1391

► Environment-dependent phenotypic expression, also known as phenotypic plasticity is exhibited to some degree by all organisms. Natural selection can act on the ability to respond… (more)

▼ Environment-dependent phenotypic expression, also known as phenotypic plasticity is exhibited to some degree by all organisms. Natural selection can act on the ability to respond to the environment allowing individuals to maintain fitness across heterogeneous environments. However, phenotypic plasticity can also potentially slow the rate of adaptive evolution within a population or result in maladaptive phenotypes. Despite the widespread occurrence and consequence for adaptive evolution, the genetic architecture and specific molecular variants that underlie phenotypic plasticity remain largely unknown. To evaluate patterns of plasticity and the genes that mediate the plastic response this work utilizes Drosophila melanogaster and its close sister specie Drosophila simulans. Individual lines collected from natural populations of D. melanogaster and D. simulans have previously been shown to exhibit phenotypic plasticity for several traits in response to changes in temperature and nutrition. However, these studies do not address patterns of plasticity across heterogeneous environments. To establish that the strength of the plastic response varies within and among natural populations isofemale lines of D. melanogaster and D. simulans were collected from three locations along the east coast and exposed to various larval rearing environment. The geographic pattern in the strength of the plastic response is only present in some traits and absent in others, which highlights the modular nature of phenotypic plasticity. To identify a gene that is able to modulate plasticity across several life history traits this work takes advantage of a candidate gene approach. A previously identified genetic polymorphism in the couch potato (cpo) gene in D. melanogaster mediates the propensity to diapause is shown in this work to affect the individual's ability to respond plastically across several life history traits. The patterns observed in the investigation of cpo parallel the patterns of plasticity observed in natural populations. Thus, polymorphism in cpo gene may play an important role in the meditation of plasticity in natural populations. These findings provide insight into plasticity within natural populations and the genes that underlie the strength of the plastic response.

Subjects/Keywords: Cline; Evolution; Genetics; Phenotypic Plasticity; Biology

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APA (6^th Edition):

O'Brien, K. R. (2014). The Genetic Basis of Phenotypic Plasticity in Natural Populations of Drosophila. (Thesis). University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved from https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1391

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

O'Brien, Katherine Rogan. “The Genetic Basis of Phenotypic Plasticity in Natural Populations of Drosophila.” 2014. Thesis, University of Pennsylvania. Accessed December 06, 2019. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1391.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

O'Brien, Katherine Rogan. “The Genetic Basis of Phenotypic Plasticity in Natural Populations of Drosophila.” 2014. Web. 06 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

O'Brien KR. The Genetic Basis of Phenotypic Plasticity in Natural Populations of Drosophila. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Pennsylvania; 2014. [cited 2019 Dec 06]. Available from: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1391.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

O'Brien KR. The Genetic Basis of Phenotypic Plasticity in Natural Populations of Drosophila. [Thesis]. University of Pennsylvania; 2014. Available from: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1391

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Cal Poly

16. Johnston, Laurel A. Temperature Affects Adhesion of the Acorn Barnacle (Balanus amphitrite).

Degree: MS, Biological Sciences, 2010, Cal Poly

URL: https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/243 ; 10.15368/theses.2010.15

► Biofouling is the accumulation of sessile marine organisms, such as algae, tube worms and barnacles on man-made substrata and has negative economic and ecological implications.… (more)

▼ Biofouling is the accumulation of sessile marine organisms, such as algae, tube worms and barnacles on man-made substrata and has negative economic and ecological implications. Ship hulls are readily fouled, which significantly increases drag while decreasing ship fuel efficiency when moving through water. Fouled hulls have also become important vectors of invasive species. These problems are minimized when hulls are painted with a toxic anti-fouling or non-toxic foul-release coating. Due to recent restrictions of anti-fouling paint use, research and development of non-toxic alternatives has increased. Novel hull coating efficiency is often quantified by the critical removal stress value of barnacles from the coating. Barnacle adhesive cement protein content is thought to be responsible for barnacles’ incredible ability to adhere underwater. The expression level and type of adhesive proteins has eluded scientists due to their extreme insolubility within cured barnacle cement. Identification of these proteins may provide insight to the adhesion of fouling species and aid coating development. Barnacles are a cosmopolitan organism, able to withstand a wide range of environmental conditions, yet foul-release coating research had not previously incorporated environmental factors as variables in determining coating performance. Temperature is known to affect protein structure and function and is also a formative factor of barnacle larvae survival and development. Even so, the interaction between temperature and barnacle adhesion to has not previously been explored. We examined the effect of temperature on barnacle adhesion to foul-release coatings. After observing differences in critical removal stress due to temperature, we attempted to attribute these differences to specific proteins within the adhesive using 2D SDS PAGE. Gel image analysis determined that there were significant differences in cement protein expression between barnacles raised within different temperatures. Preliminary protein identification with Mass Spectronomy (MALDI TOF/TOF) was performed, however further research and a larger barnacle genomic database is needed to elucidate barnacle cement protein sequences. Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Dean Wendt.

Subjects/Keywords: protein; proteomics; phenotypic plasticity; silicone; intertidal; Biology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Johnston, L. A. (2010). Temperature Affects Adhesion of the Acorn Barnacle (Balanus amphitrite). (Masters Thesis). Cal Poly. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/243 ; 10.15368/theses.2010.15

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Johnston, Laurel A. “Temperature Affects Adhesion of the Acorn Barnacle (Balanus amphitrite).” 2010. Masters Thesis, Cal Poly. Accessed December 06, 2019. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/243 ; 10.15368/theses.2010.15.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Johnston, Laurel A. “Temperature Affects Adhesion of the Acorn Barnacle (Balanus amphitrite).” 2010. Web. 06 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Johnston LA. Temperature Affects Adhesion of the Acorn Barnacle (Balanus amphitrite). [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Cal Poly; 2010. [cited 2019 Dec 06]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/243 ; 10.15368/theses.2010.15.

Council of Science Editors:

Johnston LA. Temperature Affects Adhesion of the Acorn Barnacle (Balanus amphitrite). [Masters Thesis]. Cal Poly; 2010. Available from: https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/243 ; 10.15368/theses.2010.15

17. Shipley, Jeremy Ryan. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON DEVELOPING BIRDS: SHORT-TERM ADJUSTMENTS WITH LIFE-LONG IMPACTS .

Degree: 2018, Cornell University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/59660

► Our understanding of the linkages between developmental environment and emergent phenotypes in non-avian reptiles has grown immensely since the discovery of temperature-based sex determination half… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Evolution & development; developmental plasticity; phenotype; phenotypic mismatch; phenotypic plasticity; thermogenic capacity; thermoregulation

12 more images…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Shipley, J. R. (2018). ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON DEVELOPING BIRDS: SHORT-TERM ADJUSTMENTS WITH LIFE-LONG IMPACTS . (Thesis). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/59660

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Shipley, Jeremy Ryan. “ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON DEVELOPING BIRDS: SHORT-TERM ADJUSTMENTS WITH LIFE-LONG IMPACTS .” 2018. Thesis, Cornell University. Accessed December 06, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1813/59660.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Shipley, Jeremy Ryan. “ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON DEVELOPING BIRDS: SHORT-TERM ADJUSTMENTS WITH LIFE-LONG IMPACTS .” 2018. Web. 06 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Shipley JR. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON DEVELOPING BIRDS: SHORT-TERM ADJUSTMENTS WITH LIFE-LONG IMPACTS . [Internet] [Thesis]. Cornell University; 2018. [cited 2019 Dec 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/59660.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Shipley JR. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON DEVELOPING BIRDS: SHORT-TERM ADJUSTMENTS WITH LIFE-LONG IMPACTS . [Thesis]. Cornell University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/59660

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Wesleyan University

18. Herman, Jacob Joel. Epigenetics of Adaptive Plasticity: An Investigation of Plant Responses to Environmental Stress Within and Across Generations.

Degree: Biology, 2016, Wesleyan University

URL: https://wesscholar.wesleyan.edu/etd_diss/70

► Environments experienced by parent individuals can profoundly affect offspring phenotypes. These inherited environmental effects can include specific developmental adjustments that improve offspring growth under… (more)

▼ Environments experienced by parent individuals can profoundly affect offspring phenotypes. These inherited environmental effects can include specific developmental adjustments that improve offspring growth under the conditions that induced them. Such adaptive transgenerational plasticity has garnered much research interest, yet it remains unclear over how many generations these effects persist, if they influence fitness, and how they are inherited. Similarly, the molecular basis of adaptive within-generation plasticity is unclear in most cases. Recent epigenetics research suggests that DNA methylation can mediate adaptive plasticity, both within and across generations. This dissertation combines phenotypic plasticity experiments and DNA methylation analysis in order to address these outstanding questions. Chapter One reviews examples of adaptive transgenerational plasticity in plants, the potential mechanistic bases of these inherited effects, and their ecological and evolutionary implications. Chapter Two demonstrates that adaptive transgenerational effects of drought stress persist over two generations in the annual plant Polygonum persicaria. These inherited effects enhanced the growth and survival of grandoffspring grown under severe drought stress. Chapter Three shows, through experimental demethylation, that DNA methylation mediates the inherited effects of drought stress in P. persicaria. Furthermore, these methylation-mediated effects of parental drought were genotype-specific. A central conclusion of this study is that genotype, epigenotype, and parental soil-moisture environment interact to adaptively influence functional traits in P. persicaria. Chapter Four examines the relationship between DNA methylation and adaptive within-generation plasticity. Drought stress, low-nutrient stress, and shade each induced DNA methylation changes, as measured by methylation-sensitive AFLP. However, stress-induced methylation changes were not detected in response to each stress in each genetic line. Because genetic lines expressed similar degrees of adaptive plasticity, there was not a consistent association between stress-induced changes in phenotypes and methylation patterns. While this subject requires further study, these results suggest that genotypespecific DNA methylation changes may contribute to the expression of adaptive plasticity. Such genotypic differences underscore the importance of incorporating genetic variation into ecological epigenetics studies. Together, these studies indicate that interactions between genotype, epigenotype, and environmental signals – including those in previous generations – are a meaningful source of phenotypic variation. Further investigating these interactions represents a promising new direction in evolutionary biology. Advisors/Committee Members: Sonia E. Sultan.

Subjects/Keywords: epigenetics; DNA methylation; transgenerational plasticity; phenotypic plasticity; evolutionary ecology; evolution

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APA (6^th Edition):

Herman, J. J. (2016). Epigenetics of Adaptive Plasticity: An Investigation of Plant Responses to Environmental Stress Within and Across Generations. (Doctoral Dissertation). Wesleyan University. Retrieved from https://wesscholar.wesleyan.edu/etd_diss/70

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Herman, Jacob Joel. “Epigenetics of Adaptive Plasticity: An Investigation of Plant Responses to Environmental Stress Within and Across Generations.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Wesleyan University. Accessed December 06, 2019. https://wesscholar.wesleyan.edu/etd_diss/70.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Herman, Jacob Joel. “Epigenetics of Adaptive Plasticity: An Investigation of Plant Responses to Environmental Stress Within and Across Generations.” 2016. Web. 06 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Herman JJ. Epigenetics of Adaptive Plasticity: An Investigation of Plant Responses to Environmental Stress Within and Across Generations. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Wesleyan University; 2016. [cited 2019 Dec 06]. Available from: https://wesscholar.wesleyan.edu/etd_diss/70.

Council of Science Editors:

Herman JJ. Epigenetics of Adaptive Plasticity: An Investigation of Plant Responses to Environmental Stress Within and Across Generations. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Wesleyan University; 2016. Available from: https://wesscholar.wesleyan.edu/etd_diss/70

Duke University

19. Lea, Amanda Jeanne. Evolution and Mechanisms of Plasticity in Wild Baboons (Papio cynocephalus) .

Degree: 2017, Duke University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10161/14542

► In many species, early life experiences have striking effects on health, reproduction, and survival in adulthood. Thus, early life conditions shape a range of… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Biology; Genetics; Ecology; baboon; developmental plasticity; DNA methylation; gene regulation; phenotypic plasticity

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lea, A. J. (2017). Evolution and Mechanisms of Plasticity in Wild Baboons (Papio cynocephalus) . (Thesis). Duke University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10161/14542

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lea, Amanda Jeanne. “Evolution and Mechanisms of Plasticity in Wild Baboons (Papio cynocephalus) .” 2017. Thesis, Duke University. Accessed December 06, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/14542.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lea, Amanda Jeanne. “Evolution and Mechanisms of Plasticity in Wild Baboons (Papio cynocephalus) .” 2017. Web. 06 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Lea AJ. Evolution and Mechanisms of Plasticity in Wild Baboons (Papio cynocephalus) . [Internet] [Thesis]. Duke University; 2017. [cited 2019 Dec 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10161/14542.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Lea AJ. Evolution and Mechanisms of Plasticity in Wild Baboons (Papio cynocephalus) . [Thesis]. Duke University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10161/14542

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

20. Baumgartner, Joseph M, Baumgartner. The genetic and morphometric responses of Peromyscus leucopus populations to the changing environment of the Great Lakes region.

Degree: PhD, Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, 2017, Miami University

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1511279799788919

► Populations can respond to changes in their environment through plastic development, dispersal, and/or adaptation. Each of these processes can interact and influence the genetic biodiversity… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Biology; Ecology; Genetics; Population genetics; Geometric morphometrics; phenotypic plasticity

10 more images…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Baumgartner, Joseph M, B. (2017). The genetic and morphometric responses of Peromyscus leucopus populations to the changing environment of the Great Lakes region. (Doctoral Dissertation). Miami University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1511279799788919

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Baumgartner, Joseph M, Baumgartner. “The genetic and morphometric responses of Peromyscus leucopus populations to the changing environment of the Great Lakes region.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Miami University. Accessed December 06, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1511279799788919.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Baumgartner, Joseph M, Baumgartner. “The genetic and morphometric responses of Peromyscus leucopus populations to the changing environment of the Great Lakes region.” 2017. Web. 06 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Baumgartner, Joseph M B. The genetic and morphometric responses of Peromyscus leucopus populations to the changing environment of the Great Lakes region. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Miami University; 2017. [cited 2019 Dec 06]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1511279799788919.

Council of Science Editors:

Baumgartner, Joseph M B. The genetic and morphometric responses of Peromyscus leucopus populations to the changing environment of the Great Lakes region. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Miami University; 2017. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1511279799788919

University of Wisconsin – Oshkosh

21. Lor, Vai S. Influence Of Seasonal Cues On Plant Interaction.

Degree: MS, Biology, 2011, University of Wisconsin – Oshkosh

URL: http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/54801

►

A Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science - Biology

Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of an… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Phenotypic plasticity; Growth (Plants); Climatic changes; Arabidopsis thaliana

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Lor, V. S. (2011). Influence Of Seasonal Cues On Plant Interaction. (Masters Thesis). University of Wisconsin – Oshkosh. Retrieved from http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/54801

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lor, Vai S. “Influence Of Seasonal Cues On Plant Interaction.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Wisconsin – Oshkosh. Accessed December 06, 2019. http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/54801.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lor, Vai S. “Influence Of Seasonal Cues On Plant Interaction.” 2011. Web. 06 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Lor VS. Influence Of Seasonal Cues On Plant Interaction. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Wisconsin – Oshkosh; 2011. [cited 2019 Dec 06]. Available from: http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/54801.

Council of Science Editors:

Lor VS. Influence Of Seasonal Cues On Plant Interaction. [Masters Thesis]. University of Wisconsin – Oshkosh; 2011. Available from: http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/54801

University of Wisconsin – Oshkosh

22. Rubin, Matthew J. Quantitative trait loci and global expression patterns offer insight into phenotypic plasticity.

Degree: MS, Biology, 2011, University of Wisconsin – Oshkosh

URL: http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/56882

►

A Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science - Biology

Phenotypic plasticity, i.e. changes in phenotype with… (more)

▼

A Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science - Biology

Phenotypic plasticity, i.e. changes in phenotype with environment, may allow organisms to produce optimal phenotypes in all environments (adaptive plasticity). There is considerable discussion about the genetic mechanisms for phenotypic plasticity. However, there is some agreement that changes in gene expression must be involved. In order to examine how natural selection has acted on phenotypic plasticity on the trait bolting time trait (transition to reproduction) and gene expression patterns in past populations, a set of Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) of Arabidopsis thaliana were used. We tested the effect of cold-treating seeds (stratification) on bolting time in Arabidopsis thaliana. Cold stratification of seeds may be one environmental factor contributing to variation in spring versus fall germination in A. thaliana populations. Variation in both the direction and degree of plasticity was observed in a set of 120 RILs screened; genotypic selection analysis showed that past selection had favored bolting earlier in both environments. Three RILs that displayed extreme plasticities for bolting time in opposing directions across cold treatments were identified and global gene expression patterns were measured in a microarray experiment. A total of 294 genes were identified as being differentially expressed across cold treatments for the three extreme RILs (Fold change of >2; p-value<0.05). In addition, Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) for bolting time were mapped in the complete set of RILs. Five QTL were mapped in the cold environment and three QTL were mapped in the no-cold environment explaining 40% and 30% of the observed phenotypic variation, respectively. QTL underlying variation in bolting time were screened for differentially expressed genes from the microarray study to identify candidate genes. Ninety-three of the identified genes colocalized to bolting time QTL, with kinesis and transferases being overrepresented in the expressed QTLs. Few studies have combined microarray and QTL data, and this study will offer insight into the genetic mechanism of phenotypic plasticity.

Advisors/Committee Members: Dorn, Lisa.

Subjects/Keywords: DNA microarrays; Climatic changes; Gene mapping; Arabidopsis thaliana; Phenotypic plasticity

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Rubin, M. J. (2011). Quantitative trait loci and global expression patterns offer insight into phenotypic plasticity. (Masters Thesis). University of Wisconsin – Oshkosh. Retrieved from http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/56882

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rubin, Matthew J. “Quantitative trait loci and global expression patterns offer insight into phenotypic plasticity.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Wisconsin – Oshkosh. Accessed December 06, 2019. http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/56882.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rubin, Matthew J. “Quantitative trait loci and global expression patterns offer insight into phenotypic plasticity.” 2011. Web. 06 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Rubin MJ. Quantitative trait loci and global expression patterns offer insight into phenotypic plasticity. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Wisconsin – Oshkosh; 2011. [cited 2019 Dec 06]. Available from: http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/56882.

Council of Science Editors:

Rubin MJ. Quantitative trait loci and global expression patterns offer insight into phenotypic plasticity. [Masters Thesis]. University of Wisconsin – Oshkosh; 2011. Available from: http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/56882

Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte

23. Dantas, Sebastião Gilton. Crescimento inicial e morfologia foliar em plantas de Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong. E Erythrina velutina Mart. ex Benth, sob estresse hídrico .

Degree: 2014, Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte

URL: http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/13517

► The Caatinga is the predominant vegetation type in semi-arid region of Brazil, where many inhabitants depend on hunting and gathering for survival, obtaining resources for:… (more)

▼ The Caatinga is the predominant vegetation type in semi-arid region of Brazil, where many inhabitants depend on hunting and gathering for survival, obtaining resources for: food and feed, folk medicine, timber production, etc. It‟s the dry ecosystem with highest population density in the world. The early stages of development are the most critical during the life cycle of a flowering plant and they‟re primordial to its establishment in environments exposed to water stress. Information about adjustments to the growth of the species, correlated with their studies of distribution in Seridó oriental potiguar, are an important ecological and economic standpoint, because they provide subsidies for the development of cultivation techniques, to programs of sustainable use and recovery of degraded areas. This thesis aimed to study the initial growth and foliar morphology in plants like Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong. (tamboril) and Erythrina velutina Mart. ex Benth (mulungu), species of occurrence in the Caatinga, under water stress. After sowing and emergency, the seedlings were exposed to three water regimes: 450 (control), 225 (moderate stress) and 112.5 (severe stress) mm of water slide for 40 days. Seeding occurred in bags of 5 kg and after the establishment of seedlings thinning was carried out leaving a plantlet per bag. At the beginning the waterings occurred daily with distilled water, passing to be on alternate days after thinning. Twenty and forty days after the thinning seedlings collections were held to be done analysis of growth and biomass partition. When compared to the control group, the treatments with water stress showed reduction in the growth of the aerial part, growth of the greater root, number of leaves and leaflets, dry leaf area and total phytomass in both species, but in general, this effect was most marked for E. velutina. Regarding the partition of biomass, there were few changes throughout the experiment. Morphological changes in the leaves as a function of stress were not significant, however, there was a trend, in both species, to produce narrower leaves, that facilitate heat loss to the environment. It has not been possible to establish a positive relationship between inhibition of growth and distribution of species, whereas E. velutina is a species of most common occurrence in Seridó oriental potiguar. In this way, other aspects should be taken into account when studying the adaptation of species the dry environments, such as salinity, presence of heavy metals, wind speed, etc Advisors/Committee Members: Praxedes, Sidney Carlos (advisor), CPF:02106448422 (advisor), http://lattes.cnpq.br/6609231229691480 (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Caatinga. Plasticidade fenotípica. Mulungu. Tamboril; Caatinga. Phenotypic plasticity. Mulungu. Tamboril

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APA (6^th Edition):

Dantas, S. G. (2014). Crescimento inicial e morfologia foliar em plantas de Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong. E Erythrina velutina Mart. ex Benth, sob estresse hídrico . (Thesis). Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte. Retrieved from http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/13517

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dantas, Sebastião Gilton. “Crescimento inicial e morfologia foliar em plantas de Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong. E Erythrina velutina Mart. ex Benth, sob estresse hídrico .” 2014. Thesis, Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte. Accessed December 06, 2019. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/13517.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dantas, Sebastião Gilton. “Crescimento inicial e morfologia foliar em plantas de Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong. E Erythrina velutina Mart. ex Benth, sob estresse hídrico .” 2014. Web. 06 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Dantas SG. Crescimento inicial e morfologia foliar em plantas de Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong. E Erythrina velutina Mart. ex Benth, sob estresse hídrico . [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte; 2014. [cited 2019 Dec 06]. Available from: http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/13517.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Dantas SG. Crescimento inicial e morfologia foliar em plantas de Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong. E Erythrina velutina Mart. ex Benth, sob estresse hídrico . [Thesis]. Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte; 2014. Available from: http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/13517

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

24. Marcela Carlos da Silva. Variação morfológica e assimetria flutuante de abelhas euglossinas (Hymenoptera, Apidae) em diferentes áreas e estações distintas em uma reserva de floresta estacional semidecidual.

Degree: 2007, Federal University of Uberlândia

URL: http://www.bdtd.ufu.br//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2272

►

A sobrevivência dos organismos em ambientes heterogêneos e instáveis requer algumas vezes ajustes fisiológicos e morfológicos, envolvendo complexos mecanismos reguladores. Por outro lado, os organismos… (more)

▼

A sobrevivência dos organismos em ambientes heterogêneos e instáveis requer algumas vezes ajustes fisiológicos e morfológicos, envolvendo complexos mecanismos reguladores. Por outro lado, os organismos também possuem certa habilidade para resistir a distúrbios genéticos ou perturbações ambientais durante seu desenvolvimento, produzindo um fenótipo pré - determinado. O objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar se havia diferenças no tamanho e nos níveis de assimetria flutuante (AF) em duas espécies de abelhas Euglossinae coletadas em duas áreas com distintas interferências antrópica e em duas diferentes estações do ano em uma reserva de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual. A AF é freqüentemente utilizada pra estimar estabilidade do desenvolvimento, além de ser um bom indicativo dos níveis de impacto ambiental. Para cada espécie estudada foram escolhidos, aleatoriamente, 60 machos, em cujas asas foram efetuadas quatro medidas para obtenção de um índice multivariado de tamanho e um índice de AF. Não houve diferenças significativas no tamanho de E. nigrita entre os locais (F = 0,251; P= 0,618) e entre estações (F = 0,568; P= 0,454). Os resultados para E. pleosticta indicaram diferenças significativas no tamanho das abelhas entre as estações (F = 20,947; P= 0,001), mas não evidenciaram diferenças no tamanho em relação aos locais (F = 0,109; P = 0,743). Os machos de E. pleosticta apresentaram maior índice de tamanho durante a estação quente e úmida. O maior índice pluviométrico e a conseqüente maior disponibilidade de alimento durante esta estação podem ter tido um papel importante sobre o aumento de biomassa em E. pleosticta neste período. Em relação à AF, não houve diferenças significativas nos caracteres analisados entre os locais e entre as estações, tanto para E. nigrita quanto E. pleosticta. Mas, para E. pleosticta houve significativa interação entre estação*local em uma das medidas efetuadas. As abelhas coletadas na estação quente e úmida que se encontravam na borda da mata eram mais assimétricas que as abelhas da estação fria e seca que se localizavam no interior da mata. Isto indica que o clima e a interferência antrópica juntos influenciaram a estabilidade do desenvolvimento de E. pleosticta. Contrariamente, o mesmo não ocorreu com E. nigrita, que mostrou - se mais resistente às interferências ambientais no seu programa de desenvolvimento. Assim, seu grande potencial plástico tamponaria as condições de estresse, permitindo a manutenção do seu desenvolvimento, como o estabelecido em condições ótimas ou normais, constituindo assim um eficiente mecanismo de estabilidade do desenvolvimento.

The survival of organisms in heterogeneous and instable environment requires sometimes physiologic and morphologic adjustment, thus involving complex regulator mechanisms. On the other hand, the organisms themselves also have a kind of ability to resist either genetic disturbs or environmental troubles while in development, producing a phenotype pre determined. The main purpose of this study is to verify whether there have been…

Advisors/Committee Members: Warwick Estevam Kerr, Cecilia Lomônaco de Paula, Angelo Pires do Prado.

Subjects/Keywords: Plasticidade fenotípica; Assimetria flutuante; Euglossinae; GENETICA; Abelha; Phenotypic plasticity; Fluctuating asymmetry

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Silva, M. C. d. (2007). Variação morfológica e assimetria flutuante de abelhas euglossinas (Hymenoptera, Apidae) em diferentes áreas e estações distintas em uma reserva de floresta estacional semidecidual. (Thesis). Federal University of Uberlândia. Retrieved from http://www.bdtd.ufu.br//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2272

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Silva, Marcela Carlos da. “Variação morfológica e assimetria flutuante de abelhas euglossinas (Hymenoptera, Apidae) em diferentes áreas e estações distintas em uma reserva de floresta estacional semidecidual.” 2007. Thesis, Federal University of Uberlândia. Accessed December 06, 2019. http://www.bdtd.ufu.br//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2272.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Silva, Marcela Carlos da. “Variação morfológica e assimetria flutuante de abelhas euglossinas (Hymenoptera, Apidae) em diferentes áreas e estações distintas em uma reserva de floresta estacional semidecidual.” 2007. Web. 06 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Silva MCd. Variação morfológica e assimetria flutuante de abelhas euglossinas (Hymenoptera, Apidae) em diferentes áreas e estações distintas em uma reserva de floresta estacional semidecidual. [Internet] [Thesis]. Federal University of Uberlândia; 2007. [cited 2019 Dec 06]. Available from: http://www.bdtd.ufu.br//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2272.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Silva MCd. Variação morfológica e assimetria flutuante de abelhas euglossinas (Hymenoptera, Apidae) em diferentes áreas e estações distintas em uma reserva de floresta estacional semidecidual. [Thesis]. Federal University of Uberlândia; 2007. Available from: http://www.bdtd.ufu.br//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2272

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Univerzitet u Beogradu

25. Mirčić, Dejan Lj., 1978-. Uticaj kadmijuma na sistem antioksidativne zaštite i varijabilnost komponenti adaptivne vrednosti gubara Lymantria dispar L.

Degree: Biološki fakultet, 2014, Univerzitet u Beogradu

URL: https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:7060/bdef:Content/get

►

Biologija - Kvantitativna genetika i fiziologija / Biology - Quantitative genetics and physiology

Kadmijum je jedan od najpotentnijih polutanata koji dospeva u životnu sredinu, iz… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Cadmium; Lymantria dispar L.; fitness traits; phenotypic plasticity; antioxidative defense

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mirčić, Dejan Lj., 1. (2014). Uticaj kadmijuma na sistem antioksidativne zaštite i varijabilnost komponenti adaptivne vrednosti gubara Lymantria dispar L. (Thesis). Univerzitet u Beogradu. Retrieved from https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:7060/bdef:Content/get

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mirčić, Dejan Lj., 1978-. “Uticaj kadmijuma na sistem antioksidativne zaštite i varijabilnost komponenti adaptivne vrednosti gubara Lymantria dispar L.” 2014. Thesis, Univerzitet u Beogradu. Accessed December 06, 2019. https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:7060/bdef:Content/get.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mirčić, Dejan Lj., 1978-. “Uticaj kadmijuma na sistem antioksidativne zaštite i varijabilnost komponenti adaptivne vrednosti gubara Lymantria dispar L.” 2014. Web. 06 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Mirčić, Dejan Lj. 1. Uticaj kadmijuma na sistem antioksidativne zaštite i varijabilnost komponenti adaptivne vrednosti gubara Lymantria dispar L. [Internet] [Thesis]. Univerzitet u Beogradu; 2014. [cited 2019 Dec 06]. Available from: https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:7060/bdef:Content/get.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Mirčić, Dejan Lj. 1. Uticaj kadmijuma na sistem antioksidativne zaštite i varijabilnost komponenti adaptivne vrednosti gubara Lymantria dispar L. [Thesis]. Univerzitet u Beogradu; 2014. Available from: https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:7060/bdef:Content/get

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Univerzitet u Beogradu

26. Avramov, Stevan, 1967-. Ontogenetska fenotipska plastičnost i materinski efekti tokom ranih stupnjeva razvića Iris pumila L. (Iridaceae).

Degree: Biološki fakultet, 2014, Univerzitet u Beogradu

URL: https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:7127/bdef:Content/get

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Evoluciona ekologija - evoluciona ekologija biljaka / Evolutionary ecology - plant evolutionary ecology

Prikazana su proučavanja veličine i obrazaca fenotipske plastičnosti tokom ranih faza procesa… (more)

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Evoluciona ekologija - evoluciona ekologija biljaka / Evolutionary ecology - plant evolutionary ecology

Prikazana su proučavanja veličine i obrazaca fenotipske plastičnosti tokom ranih faza procesa razvića biljaka kao odgovor na promenu intenziteta svetlosti, kao i doprinos materinskih faktora ekspresiji juvenilnog fenotipa. Za ovo istraživanje izabrane su dve prirodne populacije I. pumila koje su izložene različitim svetlosnim uslovima u Deliblatskoj Peščari. Eksperimentalni dizajn obuhvatao je tri svetlosna intenziteta. Istražene su tri faze juvenilnog perioda I.pumila pri čemu je na svakom klijancu izvršeno merenje većeg broja osobina. Na osnovu procena i poredjenja različitih aspekata variranja ispitivanih osobina dobijeni su sledeći zaključci: 1. Veličina i pravac fenotipskog odgovora bili su specifični za osobinu, kao i za deo primenjenog svetlosnog gradijenta. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da je plastičnost specifične lisne površine (SLA) najizraženiji odgovor na nizak intenzitet svetlosti; 2. Heritabilnost i genetičke korelacije kod vrste I.pumila variraju između različitih svetlosnih sredina;3. Plastičnost osobina, merena preko indeksa plastičnosti, bila je veća kod biljaka iz populacije Šuma; 4. Genotipovi I.pumila, ali i populacije, značajno su se razlikovali u ontogenetskim normama reakcije. Razlike razvojnih putanja izmedju populacija bile su manje u poređenju sa razlikama između svetlosnih tretmana; 5. Korelacije izmedju osobina značajno su se menjale tokom razvića; 6. Koeficijent materinskog efekta (m2) i koeficijent materinske varijacije (CVM) bili su specifični za osobinu i svetlosni tretman. Zavisnost ispoljavanja materinskih vanjedarnih uticaja od potomačkih sredinskih faktora pokazuje da selektivna vrednost materinskih genotipova zavisi od sredine u kojoj se odvija razviće potomaka; 7. U ranim fazama razvića I.pumila postoji značajna ontogenetska varijabilnost ispoljavanja materinskog efekta. Sa starošću klijanaca smanjuje se stepen ispoljavanja materinskih efekata. Materinske korelacije se značajno menjaju tokom ontogenije pri čemu su ove promene i sredinski zavisne.

Advisors/Committee Members: Tucić, Branka.

Subjects/Keywords: ontogenetic phenotypic plasticity; maternal effects; development; Iris pumila

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Avramov, Stevan, 1. (2014). Ontogenetska fenotipska plastičnost i materinski efekti tokom ranih stupnjeva razvića Iris pumila L. (Iridaceae). (Thesis). Univerzitet u Beogradu. Retrieved from https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:7127/bdef:Content/get

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Avramov, Stevan, 1967-. “Ontogenetska fenotipska plastičnost i materinski efekti tokom ranih stupnjeva razvića Iris pumila L. (Iridaceae).” 2014. Thesis, Univerzitet u Beogradu. Accessed December 06, 2019. https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:7127/bdef:Content/get.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Avramov, Stevan, 1967-. “Ontogenetska fenotipska plastičnost i materinski efekti tokom ranih stupnjeva razvića Iris pumila L. (Iridaceae).” 2014. Web. 06 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Avramov, Stevan 1. Ontogenetska fenotipska plastičnost i materinski efekti tokom ranih stupnjeva razvića Iris pumila L. (Iridaceae). [Internet] [Thesis]. Univerzitet u Beogradu; 2014. [cited 2019 Dec 06]. Available from: https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:7127/bdef:Content/get.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Avramov, Stevan 1. Ontogenetska fenotipska plastičnost i materinski efekti tokom ranih stupnjeva razvića Iris pumila L. (Iridaceae). [Thesis]. Univerzitet u Beogradu; 2014. Available from: https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:7127/bdef:Content/get

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Edinburgh

27. Schaum, Charlotte Elisa Luise. Plastic fantastic : phenotypic plasticity, evolution, and adaptation of marine picoplankton in response to elevated pCO2.

Degree: PhD, 2014, University of Edinburgh

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9973

► Small but mighty phytoplankton can be used as excellent model organisms to answer questions that are of importance to marine biologists and researchers in experimental… (more)

▼ Small but mighty phytoplankton can be used as excellent model organisms to answer questions that are of importance to marine biologists and researchers in experimental evolution alike. For example, marine biologists are interested in finding out, how, in a changing ocean, the phytoplankton foundation of the ocean ecosystem is going to change - can we use short-term data to extrapolate to longer timescales? What are the physiological consequences of selection in stable and fluctuating high-pCO2 environments? From a more evolutionary perspective, is elevated pCO2 alone enough to drive evolution in marine algae? Can we select organisms to maintain plasticity in fluctuating environments, and how does selection in a fluctuating environment affect their ability to evolve? Can we detect a cost of plasticity? I have used theoretical and practical approaches from both disciplines to answer these questions, as they are ultimately similar questions that are important to address, and the lack of communication between disciplines has lead to conflicting predictions on the fate of populations in changing environments. Using evolutionary theory and applying it to an organism with a known function in the marine environment allows us to make ecologically relevant predictions while also enabling us to disentangle the underlying evolutionary mechanisms. While there have been some studies focusing on evolution of marine algae in climate change scenarios since I started my PhD, my study is the first to test the link between phenotypic plasticity and adaptation empirically, and it is also the first to use 16 rather than single or few genotypes of an algae, thereby creating the statistical power necessary to make any predictions. In a short-term CO2 enrichment study, and a selection experiment, those 16 physiologically and genetically distinct lineages of Ostreococcus, the smallest free living eukaryote, were selected for 400 generations in fluctuating and stable high pCO2 environments. I have shown that short-term plastic responses in phenotype can predict the magnitude of long-term evolutionary ones. Ostreococcus lineages in fluctuating environments evolve to be more plastic with no associated costs, and the adaptive response to selection in a high pCO2 environment is to grow more slowly in monoculture, but to be more successful competitors in mixed culture. High-pCO2 evolved lineages are genetically and physiologically different from their ancestors. Importantly, their quality as a food source for zooplankton will change, with possible repercussions for the ocean ecosystem at a whole. Furthermore, the lineages’ ability to perceive pCO2 levels in the surrounding medium is altered after evolution in fluctuating and high pCO2 environment, allowing them to broaden the window in which they can respond to changes in their environment without suffering metabolic stress.

Subjects/Keywords: 579.8; climate change; evolution; phenotypic plasticity; phytoplankton; Ostreococcus

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Schaum, C. E. L. (2014). Plastic fantastic : phenotypic plasticity, evolution, and adaptation of marine picoplankton in response to elevated pCO2. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Edinburgh. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9973

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Schaum, Charlotte Elisa Luise. “Plastic fantastic : phenotypic plasticity, evolution, and adaptation of marine picoplankton in response to elevated pCO2.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Edinburgh. Accessed December 06, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9973.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Schaum, Charlotte Elisa Luise. “Plastic fantastic : phenotypic plasticity, evolution, and adaptation of marine picoplankton in response to elevated pCO2.” 2014. Web. 06 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Schaum CEL. Plastic fantastic : phenotypic plasticity, evolution, and adaptation of marine picoplankton in response to elevated pCO2. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Edinburgh; 2014. [cited 2019 Dec 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9973.

Council of Science Editors:

Schaum CEL. Plastic fantastic : phenotypic plasticity, evolution, and adaptation of marine picoplankton in response to elevated pCO2. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Edinburgh; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9973

Laurentian University

28. Bing, Xinyang (David). Transvection is a plastic phenotype .

Degree: 2013, Laurentian University

URL: https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/2120

► Transvection, a chromosome pairing-dependent form of trans-based gene regulation, is widespread in the Drosophila melanogaster genome. Recent studies demonstrate that transvection is sensitive to cell… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: ransvection,; phenotypic plasticity; malic enzyme (Men); GXE interactions

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Bing, X. (. (2013). Transvection is a plastic phenotype . (Thesis). Laurentian University. Retrieved from https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/2120

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bing, Xinyang (David). “Transvection is a plastic phenotype .” 2013. Thesis, Laurentian University. Accessed December 06, 2019. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/2120.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bing, Xinyang (David). “Transvection is a plastic phenotype .” 2013. Web. 06 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Bing X(. Transvection is a plastic phenotype . [Internet] [Thesis]. Laurentian University; 2013. [cited 2019 Dec 06]. Available from: https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/2120.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Bing X(. Transvection is a plastic phenotype . [Thesis]. Laurentian University; 2013. Available from: https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/2120

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Bowling Green State University

29. Donelson, Nathan Cooper. Inter- and Intraspecific Variation in the Superfamily Pneumoroidea.

Degree: PhD, Biological Sciences, 2007, Bowling Green State University

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1194043244

► This dissertation concerns phenotypic plasticity of male morphology within South African bladder grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Pneumoroidea) from an individual to the species level. Wings and a… (more)

▼ This dissertation concerns phenotypic plasticity of male morphology within South African bladder grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Pneumoroidea) from an individual to the species level. Wings and a large inflated abdomen used for acoustic courtship and communication are characteristic of adult male pneumoroids. However, a secondary (‘alternate’) male morph has been identified in three species, which completely lacks the appearance and associated dispersal and signaling behaviors. These characteristics are shared with three monotypic genera formerly raised to accommodate taxa with atypical males. As the aforementioned characteristics are critical for mate localization, the absence of such structures and behaviors demands explanation. The first chapter examines three pneumoroid species that possess both male morphs to determine how similar the uninflated morph is across taxa. The morphology of each species and morph was compared using Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and linear regression. Results show that the morphological differences between inflated and uninflated males is similar across species. This demonstrates that the uninflated phenotype is largely conserved within the Bullacris genus. The second chapter takes a broader comparative approach. It expands the morphometric analysis to investigate three strictly uninflated species and asks whether they are in fact uninflated morphs of inflated species with which they are sympatric. Based on results from chapter 1, we propose that the known differences between morphs can be used to create ‘hypothetical’ uninflated males for any inflated taxa. MANOVA and Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) then compare the hypothetical males to the actual uninflated taxa. Our results suggest that each of the uninflated male taxa can be placed into inflated taxa. This now places dual morphologies in at least three genera and perhaps the entire superfamily. The third chapter uses geographic and morphological data of two widespread species to determine whether environmental characteristics: predict species presence, influence morphology, and form distinct populations. This study also examines whether clinal rules hold across the species. Results from MANOVA, logistic regression, and DFA show that, while environmental conditions are highly predictive of morphology for one species, the second does not display predictable morphological responses to environmental variation. Advisors/Committee Members: van Staaden, Moira (Advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Alternate Male; Polyphenism; Phenotypic Plasticity; Morphometrics; Biogeography; Geographic Variation; Environmental Variation

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Donelson, N. C. (2007). Inter- and Intraspecific Variation in the Superfamily Pneumoroidea. (Doctoral Dissertation). Bowling Green State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1194043244

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Donelson, Nathan Cooper. “Inter- and Intraspecific Variation in the Superfamily Pneumoroidea.” 2007. Doctoral Dissertation, Bowling Green State University. Accessed December 06, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1194043244.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Donelson, Nathan Cooper. “Inter- and Intraspecific Variation in the Superfamily Pneumoroidea.” 2007. Web. 06 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Donelson NC. Inter- and Intraspecific Variation in the Superfamily Pneumoroidea. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Bowling Green State University; 2007. [cited 2019 Dec 06]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1194043244.

Council of Science Editors:

Donelson NC. Inter- and Intraspecific Variation in the Superfamily Pneumoroidea. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Bowling Green State University; 2007. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1194043244

Penn State University

30. Nilson, Sarah Elisabeth. HETEROTRIMERIC G PROTEIN REGULATION OF TRANSPIRATION.

Degree: PhD, Plant Biology, 2009, Penn State University

URL: https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/9822

► Heterotrimeric G proteins are GTP-binding proteins that function in signal transduction in eukaryotes. Despite the relative paucity of genes which encode G protein subunits in… (more)

▼ Heterotrimeric G proteins are GTP-binding proteins that function in signal transduction in eukaryotes. Despite the relative paucity of genes which encode G protein subunits in plant compared to animal genomes, analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana and rice heterotrimeric G proteins mutants have revealed multiple and diverse roles for G proteins in plant physiology. These functions include environmental and hormonal signaling, cell division, development, and stomatal aperture regulation. The functions of heterotrimeric G proteins in Arabidopsis have been previously explored primarily via cell and molecular biology approaches with little emphasis on how G proteins contribute to whole plant water status and plant fitness. This work in this thesis investigates G protein function at the whole-plant level in attempt to understand this missing component of our knowledge of G protein function in plants. Chapters 1-3 are introductory chapters that explain in more depth the rational and organization of this thesis (Chapter 1) and review literature on the regulation of transpiration in Arabidopsis (Chapter 2) and G protein regulation of stomatal movements (Chapter 3). Chapter 4 identifies the sole Gα subunit in Arabidopsis, GPA1, as a positive regulator of transpiration efficiency, despite stomatal ABA sensitivities of gpa1 mutants that would suggest the opposite. GPA1 regulates transpiration efficiency in part via stomatal density control which modulates whole-leaf stomatal conductance. Chapter 5 is my attempt at understanding the molecular mechanism behind GPA1 regulation of stomatal density and development, by exploring potential biochemical interactions between GPA1 and previously identified proteins which function in stomatal development. Chapter 6 addresses the question, how do G proteins contribute to plant fitness? This chapter identifies the gene which encodes the sole Gβ subunit in Arabidopsis, AGB1, as a plasticity gene. AGB1 regulates phenotypic plasticity, the ability for one genotype to display different phenotypes under different environmental conditions, in response to water availability for a number of fecundity-related traits. Chapter 7 investigates whether G proteins also function in the regulation of cross-generational phenotypic plasticity, when the environment of the parent affects the phenotype of the offspring. In this study I found significant genetic variation for cross-generational among G protein mutants and wild type plants and that gpa1 and agb1 mutants had reduced, if not abolished, cross-generational plasticity for these traits compared to wild type. Chapter 8 discusses how this thesis contributes to plant biology and also suggests additional avenues of inquiry to further elucidate the results of the previous chapters.

Subjects/Keywords: transpiration efficiency; Arabidopsis thaliana; Heterotrimeric G proteins; stomatal density; phenotypic plasticity

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Nilson, S. E. (2009). HETEROTRIMERIC G PROTEIN REGULATION OF TRANSPIRATION. (Doctoral Dissertation). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/9822

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nilson, Sarah Elisabeth. “HETEROTRIMERIC G PROTEIN REGULATION OF TRANSPIRATION.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Penn State University. Accessed December 06, 2019. https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/9822.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nilson, Sarah Elisabeth. “HETEROTRIMERIC G PROTEIN REGULATION OF TRANSPIRATION.” 2009. Web. 06 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Nilson SE. HETEROTRIMERIC G PROTEIN REGULATION OF TRANSPIRATION. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Penn State University; 2009. [cited 2019 Dec 06]. Available from: https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/9822.

Council of Science Editors:

Nilson SE. HETEROTRIMERIC G PROTEIN REGULATION OF TRANSPIRATION. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Penn State University; 2009. Available from: https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/9822

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Open Access Theses and Dissertations