You searched for subject:(Pacific County Wash ).
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Western Washington University
1.
Huling, Derek.
Discrete-event Processes in Disaster Recovery: A Conceptual Framework and Simulation Model of Household Reconstruction in Pacific County Washington.
Degree: MS, Environmental Studies, 2018, Western Washington University
URL: https://doi.org/10.25710/21gh-eg11 
;
https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/636
► Techniques and frameworks to facilitate modeling, simulation, and visualization of disaster recovery concepts are tools to help researchers unpack the complex web of processes…
(more)
▼ Techniques and frameworks to facilitate modeling, simulation, and visualization of disaster recovery concepts are tools to help researchers unpack the complex web of processes and events undertaken by households and other actors participating in recovery.
This research describes a conceptual framework of owner-occupied housing reconstruction consisting of various events, processes, resources, and their interactions with and among entities (representing owner-occupied households). For example, the process of household reconstruction involves potentially many events: building inspections, fulfillment of financial capital requests, contractual agreements with building contractors, etc.
Elements of this conceptual framework are applied to a discrete-event simulation (DES) to simulate the interactions and outcomes of owner-occupied household reconstruction in a case study area of
Pacific County, Washington. This simulation uses the SimPy discrete-event simulation development library for the Python programming language, within a probabilistic structure to monitor, assess, and return outcomes related to household reconstruction. Households interact with shared resources to determine the duration of household reconstruction.
The resulting simulation of owner-occupied household reconstruction shows promise of assembling simulations in a “building blocks” manner, in which researchers can assemble simulations based on their own scenario interests. With the addition of quality and significant parameterization, and increased quantity of resources modeled, this simulation could be used to develop and support pre- and post- disaster decision making and planning activities in the emergency management field.
Advisors/Committee Members: Paci-Green, Rebekah, Miles, Scott B., Kamel, Nabil.
Subjects/Keywords: Geography; Emergency management – Washington (State) – Pacific County – Case studies; Buildings – Repair and reconstruction – Washington (State) – Pacific County – Case studies; Emergency housing – Washington (State) – Pacific County – Case studies; Disaster relief – Washington (State) – Pacific County – Case studies; Pacific County (Wash.); masters theses
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APA (6th Edition):
Huling, D. (2018). Discrete-event Processes in Disaster Recovery: A Conceptual Framework and Simulation Model of Household Reconstruction in Pacific County Washington. (Masters Thesis). Western Washington University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.25710/21gh-eg11 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/636
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Huling, Derek. “Discrete-event Processes in Disaster Recovery: A Conceptual Framework and Simulation Model of Household Reconstruction in Pacific County Washington.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Western Washington University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.25710/21gh-eg11 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/636.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Huling, Derek. “Discrete-event Processes in Disaster Recovery: A Conceptual Framework and Simulation Model of Household Reconstruction in Pacific County Washington.” 2018. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Huling D. Discrete-event Processes in Disaster Recovery: A Conceptual Framework and Simulation Model of Household Reconstruction in Pacific County Washington. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Western Washington University; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/21gh-eg11 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/636.
Council of Science Editors:
Huling D. Discrete-event Processes in Disaster Recovery: A Conceptual Framework and Simulation Model of Household Reconstruction in Pacific County Washington. [Masters Thesis]. Western Washington University; 2018. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/21gh-eg11 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/636
Western Washington University
2.
Guilford, Nathaniel.
A Non-Invasive Technique for Tracking a Marine Predator (Phoca vitulina) Through Molecular Scat Analysis.
Degree: MS, Biology, 2020, Western Washington University
URL: https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/996
► As ecosystems are subjected to increased urbanization, habitat loss, and resource depletion, management practices will benefit from higher resolution models of local trophic dynamics.…
(more)
▼ As ecosystems are subjected to increased urbanization, habitat loss, and resource depletion, management practices will benefit from higher resolution models of local trophic dynamics. Harbor seals (
Phoca vitulina), the most abundant marine mammal in the Salish Sea of British Columbia and Washington State, are of great regional interest due to their consumption of species of conservation concern such as Chinook salmon (
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and
Pacific herring (
Clupea pallasii). This ecologically influential diet can vary with season, region, and local sex ratios, creating localized pressures on prey species. Variation in diet has been observed at the individual level, an important consideration for examining the total influence of predators that have previously been treated as species-wide averages. This project aimed to develop a method that allows researchers to track individual specialization rates in a protected marine predator by testing if 1) harbor seal scat represents a suitable source of DNA for individual identification through single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes produced by direct sequencing, and 2) prey reads could be detected within the sequence data for simultaneous diet analysis without the need for PCR-based methods. SNP loci identified in this study successfully distinguished individual seals with confidence, however read alignments to prey references indicated potentially erroneous classifications. This indicates prey analyses through direct read counts will benefit from more research such as direct feeding trials and digestion correction factors, or from employing more robust techniques (or a combination of methods). Nonetheless, this direct sequencing pipeline of scat DNA for marker identification, individual identification, and simultaneous prey analysis from one sample type provides important considerations for highly scalable/cost-effective non-invasive investigations of regional trophic dynamics in complex and/or understudied systems.
Advisors/Committee Members: Acevedo-Gutierrez, Alejandro, 1964-, Schwarz, Dietmar, 1974-, Thomas, Austen C..
Subjects/Keywords: Biology; Harbor seal – Food – Salish Sea (B.C. and Wash.); Harbor seal – Feces – Salish Sea (B.C. and Wash.); Pacific salmon – Effect of predation on – Salish Sea (B.C. and Wash.); Pacific herring – Effect of predation on – Salish Sea (B.C. and Wash.); Salish Sea (B.C. and Wash.); masters theses
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APA (6th Edition):
Guilford, N. (2020). A Non-Invasive Technique for Tracking a Marine Predator (Phoca vitulina) Through Molecular Scat Analysis. (Masters Thesis). Western Washington University. Retrieved from https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/996
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Guilford, Nathaniel. “A Non-Invasive Technique for Tracking a Marine Predator (Phoca vitulina) Through Molecular Scat Analysis.” 2020. Masters Thesis, Western Washington University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/996.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Guilford, Nathaniel. “A Non-Invasive Technique for Tracking a Marine Predator (Phoca vitulina) Through Molecular Scat Analysis.” 2020. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Guilford N. A Non-Invasive Technique for Tracking a Marine Predator (Phoca vitulina) Through Molecular Scat Analysis. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Western Washington University; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/996.
Council of Science Editors:
Guilford N. A Non-Invasive Technique for Tracking a Marine Predator (Phoca vitulina) Through Molecular Scat Analysis. [Masters Thesis]. Western Washington University; 2020. Available from: https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/996
Western Washington University
3.
Lawlor, Jake A.
Modeling Climate-Dependent Larval Growth Rate and Duration of Olympia oysters in the Salish Sea.
Degree: MS, Biology, 2019, Western Washington University
URL: https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/915
► Most invertebrates in the ocean begin their lives with a planktonic larval phase that is of utmost importance for dispersal and distribution of these…
(more)
▼ Most invertebrates in the ocean begin their lives with a planktonic larval phase that is of utmost importance for dispersal and distribution of these species, especially for organisms that are sessile or otherwise mobility-limited during adult life. As larvae are particularly vulnerable to environmental change, holistic understanding of interacting climate stressors on larval life is important to predict population persistence and vulnerability of species. However, traditional experimental designs are often limited by resolution in understanding multiple stress relationships, as environmental variables in the ocean do not occur in discrete interacting levels. Here, I use a novel experimental approach to model growth rate and duration of Olympia oyster larvae and predict the suitability of habitats for larval survival in interacting gradients of temperature, salinity, and ocean acidification. I find that temperature and salinity are closely linked to larval growth and larval habitat suitability, but larvae are resistant to acidification. Olympia oyster larvae from populations in the Salish Sea exhibit higher growth rate and greater tolerance to habitats in near-future climate change conditions compared to present-day conditions in the Salish Sea, suggesting that this species will benefit from some degree of global ocean change. Using generalized linear modeling, I predict larval growth and duration in present-day and future oceanographic conditions in the Salish Sea, finding a vast decrease in mean pelagic larval duration by the year 2095. Using these data, I explore implications of these relationships for Olympia oysters across their range now and in the future.
Advisors/Committee Members: Arellano, Shawn M., Miner, Benjamin G., 1972-, Love, Brooke.
Subjects/Keywords: Marine Biology; Pacific oyster – Larvae – Effect of temperature on – Salish Sea (B.C. and Wash.); Pacific oyster – Larvae – Effect of water quality on – Salish Sea (B.C. and Wash.); Pacific oyster – Larvae – Climatic factors – Salish Sea (B.C. and Wash.); Pacific oyster – Larvae – Ecology – Salish Sea (B.C. and Wash.); Salish Sea (B.C. and Wash.); masters theses
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APA (6th Edition):
Lawlor, J. A. (2019). Modeling Climate-Dependent Larval Growth Rate and Duration of Olympia oysters in the Salish Sea. (Masters Thesis). Western Washington University. Retrieved from https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/915
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lawlor, Jake A. “Modeling Climate-Dependent Larval Growth Rate and Duration of Olympia oysters in the Salish Sea.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Western Washington University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/915.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lawlor, Jake A. “Modeling Climate-Dependent Larval Growth Rate and Duration of Olympia oysters in the Salish Sea.” 2019. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Lawlor JA. Modeling Climate-Dependent Larval Growth Rate and Duration of Olympia oysters in the Salish Sea. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Western Washington University; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/915.
Council of Science Editors:
Lawlor JA. Modeling Climate-Dependent Larval Growth Rate and Duration of Olympia oysters in the Salish Sea. [Masters Thesis]. Western Washington University; 2019. Available from: https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/915
Western Washington University
4.
Rich, Rob.
Beaver Seasons: A Whatcom Phenology.
Degree: MFA, English, 2016, Western Washington University
URL: https://doi.org/10.25710/mmeb-wq52
;
https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/490
► Beaver Seasons: A Whatcom Phenology is a journal exploring seasonal changes across several beaver-shaped habitats in Whatcom County, Washington. Drawn especially from the author's…
(more)
▼ Beaver Seasons: A Whatcom Phenology is a journal exploring seasonal changes across several beaver-shaped habitats in Whatcom
County, Washington. Drawn especially from the author's work co-stewarding one hundred acres of conserved land, the journal's entries reflect on phenology in the lives of beavers and other species who benefit from the ecosystems they create. Inspired by the Japanese form of
haibun, the author shapes these events in verse and compressed prose meditations to reckon with nature's cycles, changes, and interconnections in his travel through the year. Through curious and compassionate pursuit, the author seeks new ways to be grateful for the places of which he is a part.
Advisors/Committee Members: Paola, Suzanne, De la Paz, Oliver, 1972-, Yu, Ning, 1955-.
Subjects/Keywords: Creative Writing; Beavers – Habitat – Washington (State) – Whatcom County; Haibun, American; Whatcom County (Wash.); masters theses
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APA (6th Edition):
Rich, R. (2016). Beaver Seasons: A Whatcom Phenology. (Thesis). Western Washington University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.25710/mmeb-wq52 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/490
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Rich, Rob. “Beaver Seasons: A Whatcom Phenology.” 2016. Thesis, Western Washington University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.25710/mmeb-wq52 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/490.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Rich, Rob. “Beaver Seasons: A Whatcom Phenology.” 2016. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Rich R. Beaver Seasons: A Whatcom Phenology. [Internet] [Thesis]. Western Washington University; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/mmeb-wq52 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/490.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Rich R. Beaver Seasons: A Whatcom Phenology. [Thesis]. Western Washington University; 2016. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/mmeb-wq52 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/490
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Western Washington University
5.
Stone, Laura M. (Laura Marie).
History at Hand: An Analysis of Self-Guided Historic Walking Tours in Whatcom County, Washington.
Degree: MA, Anthropology, 2016, Western Washington University
URL: https://doi.org/10.25710/k6ve-se53
;
https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/539
► This study explores and analyzes self-guided historic walking tours in Whatcom County, Washington, as part of Whatcom County’s heritage tourism offerings. Heritage Tourism a…
(more)
▼ This study explores and analyzes self-guided historic walking tours in Whatcom
County, Washington, as part of Whatcom County’s heritage tourism offerings. Heritage Tourism a specialized field of tourism that has seen growth over the last several decades and has become the most successful specialized tourism market. Twelve self-guided historic walking tours were analyzed from an anthropological framework, exploring themes in multi-vocality, authenticity, sense of place, and audience engagement in interpretation. The narrative text from each tour booklet or pamphlet was analyzed using criteria developed by the author to examine the presence or absence of diversity, authenticity, audience engagement in the interpretation, and how the piece contributed to developing a sense of place for the location selected. Suggestions were made for the self-guided historic walking tours that did not meet the criteria for multi-vocality, authenticity, sense of place and audience engagement to improve the tours to include these themes in future presentations. Improvement to the presentations were informed using historic background information researched for this study using public history and ethnohistory approaches. The criteria developed by this study can be used by future historians to develop more inclusive and engaging presentations to attract a larger audience to popular tourist districts, helping to increase revenue and support local businesses.
Advisors/Committee Members: Campbell, Sarah K., Boxberger, Daniel L., 1950-, Hammond, Joyce D., 1950-.
Subjects/Keywords: Anthropology; Heritage tourism – Social aspects – Washington (State) – Whatcom County; Whatcom County (Wash.); masters theses
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APA (6th Edition):
Stone, L. M. (. M. (2016). History at Hand: An Analysis of Self-Guided Historic Walking Tours in Whatcom County, Washington. (Masters Thesis). Western Washington University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.25710/k6ve-se53 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/539
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Stone, Laura M (Laura Marie). “History at Hand: An Analysis of Self-Guided Historic Walking Tours in Whatcom County, Washington.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Western Washington University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.25710/k6ve-se53 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/539.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Stone, Laura M (Laura Marie). “History at Hand: An Analysis of Self-Guided Historic Walking Tours in Whatcom County, Washington.” 2016. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Stone LM(M. History at Hand: An Analysis of Self-Guided Historic Walking Tours in Whatcom County, Washington. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Western Washington University; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/k6ve-se53 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/539.
Council of Science Editors:
Stone LM(M. History at Hand: An Analysis of Self-Guided Historic Walking Tours in Whatcom County, Washington. [Masters Thesis]. Western Washington University; 2016. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/k6ve-se53 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/539
Western Washington University
6.
Buckham, Shannon.
Ocean Acidification Affects Larval Swimming in Ostrea lurida but not Crassostrea gigas.
Degree: MS, Environmental Sciences, 2015, Western Washington University
URL: https://doi.org/10.25710/35x0-2c06
;
https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/451
► The effects of ocean acidification (OA), which results from increased CO2 emissions, are of particular concern for calcifying marine organisms. In marine invertebrates, the…
(more)
▼ The effects of ocean acidification (OA), which results from increased CO
2 emissions, are of particular concern for calcifying marine organisms. In marine invertebrates, the larval stages are generally considered the most vulnerable to the effects of OA and many recent studies show negative impacts of OA on early developmental stages of calcifying marine invertebrates. I studied the impact of OA on larval swimming performance and behavior in the
Pacific oyster,
Crassostrea gigas, and the Olympia oyster,
Ostrea lurida. Swimming studies can be used to understand how short-term performance and behavior changes may affect the long-term success of populations. In this study, digital larval tracking was used to test for changes in swimming performance and behavior in larvae reared at pCO
2 levels of 400, 800, and 1200 ppm. Experiments were run on hatchery-bred larvae from the beginning of the larval period to the pediveliger stage. Morphological and energetic changes were analyzed to determine if they corresponded to swimming performance and behavior differences between pCO
2 treatments. Results showed few swimming performance changes in
C. gigas larvae and no changes in swimming behavior, suggesting that transport will not be affected by OA in this species. However,
C. gigas was affected morphologically and energetically by OA.
O. lurida increased swimming speeds in response to increased pCO
2 levels, but vertical displacement velocity did not change.
O. lurida also increased helical pitch and energy allocated to swimming in response to OA, but did not show any morphological changes. Swimming performance and behavior changes observed in
O. lurida suggest that OA could affect larval transport and connectivity in this species, ultimately affecting the success of later developmental stages.
Advisors/Committee Members: Arellano, Shawn M., Bingham, Brian L., 1960-, Love, Brooke.
Subjects/Keywords: Environmental Sciences; Pacific oyster – Larvae – Effect of water acidification on – Salish Sea (B.C. and Wash.); Olympia oyster – Larvae – Effect of water acidification on – Salish Sea (B.C. and Wash.); Pacific oyster – Larvae – Behavior – Salish Sea (B.C. and Wash.); Olympia oyster – Larvae – Behavior – Salish Sea (B.C. and Wash.); Pacific oyster – Larvae – Dispersal – Salish Sea (B.C. and Wash.); Olympia oyster – Larvae – Dispersal – Salish Sea (B.C. and Wash.); Ocean acidificaiton – Salish Sea (B.C. and Wash.); Salish Sea (B.C. and Wash.); masters theses
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Buckham, S. (2015). Ocean Acidification Affects Larval Swimming in Ostrea lurida but not Crassostrea gigas. (Masters Thesis). Western Washington University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.25710/35x0-2c06 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/451
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Buckham, Shannon. “Ocean Acidification Affects Larval Swimming in Ostrea lurida but not Crassostrea gigas.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Western Washington University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.25710/35x0-2c06 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/451.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Buckham, Shannon. “Ocean Acidification Affects Larval Swimming in Ostrea lurida but not Crassostrea gigas.” 2015. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Buckham S. Ocean Acidification Affects Larval Swimming in Ostrea lurida but not Crassostrea gigas. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Western Washington University; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/35x0-2c06 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/451.
Council of Science Editors:
Buckham S. Ocean Acidification Affects Larval Swimming in Ostrea lurida but not Crassostrea gigas. [Masters Thesis]. Western Washington University; 2015. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/35x0-2c06 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/451
7.
McIntyre Schucker, Cristine.
Stream microbial communities along an agricultural gradient.
Degree: MS, Biology, 2015, Eastern Washington University
URL: https://dc.ewu.edu/theses/329
► "Although sediment microbes play key roles in decomposition and nitrogen (N) cycling, responses of microbial communities to N additions within watersheds is not well…
(more)
▼ "Although sediment microbes play key roles in decomposition and nitrogen (N) cycling, responses of microbial communities to N additions within watersheds is not well understood. Agriculture contributes excess N into stream systems, predominantly as ammonia, which is transformed through nitrification into nitrate by prokaryotes that produce the ammonia monooxygenase enzyme (AMO). The Latah Creek watershed in WA State (USA) drains approximately 1178 km², of which half is agricultural. Because the tributary streams reside in forested, agricultural and mixed use drainages, samples from these stream sediments capture microbial communities at different spatial gradients of land use. My research aimed to answer: to what extent does the percentage of agriculture within a drainage affect microbial community compositions?, and more specifically, how does it affect the abundance of nitrifying bacteria? Water and sediment samples were collected from ten locations along the watershed in spring and fall 2012. Two PCR techniques were used on the extracted sediment and pore-water DNA: terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) on the small ribosomal subunit 16S rRNA assessed microbial diversity; and quantitative PCR (qPCR) on amoA, a subunit of the nitrifying gene ammonia monooxygenase, measured nitrifier abundance. A geographic information system (ArcGIS) was used to determine the percentage of agricultural land within each of the ten sampled tributary drainages; these percentages ranged from 0% at the headwaters to 96% along the Palouse. pH, temperature, conductivity and dissolved oxygen were measured in situ. Water samples were tested for nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP). The General Linear Model was used to assess relationships between physical and chemical variables, with and without molecular data. Season had a significant effect on SRP, temperature, pH, of taxa, and % taxa dominance. Watershed area had a significant effect on % taxa dominance. % agriculture had a significant effect on conductivity and nitrifier abundance. Across the watershed, the abundance of nitrifying bacteria was positively correlated with an increase in agriculture. This study helps to better relate microbial communities and nitrification to patterns of land use and water quality" – Leaf iv.
Subjects/Keywords: Microbial ecology – Hangman Creek (Benewah County; Idaho-Spokane County; Wash.); Nitrifying bacteria – Ecology – Hangman Creek (Benewah County; Idaho-Spokane County; Wash.); Denitrifying bacteria – Ecology – Hangman Creek (Benewah County; Idaho-Spokane County; Wash.); Microbial populations – Hangman Creek (Benewah County; Idaho-Spokane County; Wash.); Microbial diversity – Hangman Creek (Benewah County; Idaho-Spokane County; Wash.); Nitrification inhibitors; Nitrogen in agriculture; Nitrogen fertilizers; Water – Nitrogen content; Agriculture – Environmental aspects; Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
McIntyre Schucker, C. (2015). Stream microbial communities along an agricultural gradient. (Thesis). Eastern Washington University. Retrieved from https://dc.ewu.edu/theses/329
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
McIntyre Schucker, Cristine. “Stream microbial communities along an agricultural gradient.” 2015. Thesis, Eastern Washington University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://dc.ewu.edu/theses/329.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
McIntyre Schucker, Cristine. “Stream microbial communities along an agricultural gradient.” 2015. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
McIntyre Schucker C. Stream microbial communities along an agricultural gradient. [Internet] [Thesis]. Eastern Washington University; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://dc.ewu.edu/theses/329.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
McIntyre Schucker C. Stream microbial communities along an agricultural gradient. [Thesis]. Eastern Washington University; 2015. Available from: https://dc.ewu.edu/theses/329
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Western Washington University
8.
Hook, Rebekah J.
Asbestos-laden soil: a case study analysis of Swift Creek.
Degree: MA, Political Science, 2011, Western Washington University
URL: https://doi.org/10.25710/pyzs-c818
;
https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/136
► In the rural area of Whatcom County, Washington there is a naturally occurring asbestos site on the west side of Sumas Mountain. The asbestos…
(more)
▼ In the rural area of Whatcom
County, Washington there is a naturally occurring asbestos site on the west side of Sumas Mountain. The asbestos laden-soil became airborne after a landslide occurred on the mountain causing asbestos-laden sediment to become loose and every year, one-hundred thousand cubic yards flows into the nearby Swift Creek. There are many stakeholders who are involved in developing mitigation policies. These include agency officials and elected representatives from a variety of levels of government and private property owners. This case study expands on the relationship between "less pressing" environmental issues and the types conditions that must be in place in order for solutions to be created by regulatory bodies. The case of Swift Creek is an example of a relatively rare environmental event that has huge potential for causing serious contamination for many people. Though this case is unique, these types of definitional debates are not.
Advisors/Committee Members: Weir, Sara J., Salazar, Debra J., Melious, Jean O..
Subjects/Keywords: Political Science; Asbestos – Swift Creek (Whatcom County, Wash.); Asbestos – Government policy – Washington (State) – Whatcom County – Case studies; Asbestos – Environmental aspects – Washington (State) – Whatcom County – Case studies; Swift Creek (Whatcom County, Wash.); Whatcom County (Wash.); masters theses
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Hook, R. J. (2011). Asbestos-laden soil: a case study analysis of Swift Creek. (Masters Thesis). Western Washington University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.25710/pyzs-c818 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/136
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hook, Rebekah J. “Asbestos-laden soil: a case study analysis of Swift Creek.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Western Washington University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.25710/pyzs-c818 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/136.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hook, Rebekah J. “Asbestos-laden soil: a case study analysis of Swift Creek.” 2011. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Hook RJ. Asbestos-laden soil: a case study analysis of Swift Creek. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Western Washington University; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/pyzs-c818 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/136.
Council of Science Editors:
Hook RJ. Asbestos-laden soil: a case study analysis of Swift Creek. [Masters Thesis]. Western Washington University; 2011. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/pyzs-c818 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/136
Western Washington University
9.
Morkner, Paige.
Validation of Predicted Tsunami Inundation for the Inland Coast of the Salish Sea Associated with Cascadia Subduction Zone Earthquakes.
Degree: MS, Geology, 2019, Western Washington University
URL: https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/895
► The Cascadia subduction zone is understood to produce large, Mw 9.0, earthquakes every 300-1000 years. As a result of large ruptures along the fault,…
(more)
▼ The Cascadia subduction zone is understood to produce large, Mw 9.0, earthquakes every 300-1000 years. As a result of large ruptures along the fault, Washington, Oregon and Northern California, are susceptible large tsunamis along the coast. Hazard modeling and mapping along the Cascadia subduction zone has concluded that large tsunamis are able to travel through the Strait of Juan de Fuca and inundate coastal regions of the Salish Sea and Puget Sound. However, to improve modeling efforts, field validation of models is required. Tsunamis can move material from the near shore and beach and deposit in low-laying coastal marshes and ponds, acting as a proxy for past tsunami inundation. This research focuses on two locations in the northern Puget Sound, Ship Harbor marsh Anacortes, and Eliza Island. Using gouge auger cores and vibracores, subsurface features of each marsh were reconstructed to look for laterally continuous sand sheets indicative of tsunami inundation. Magnetic methods were used to correlate between cores, and look at sedimentary depositional fabrics within stratigraphic beds. Potential Cascadia tsunami origin for a deposit at Ship Harbor was confirmed with the use of
14C dates and magnetic paleosecular variation dates. This research has implications for validation of the L1 seismic-scenario-based tsunami models, currently being produced by the Washington Geological Survey for hazard planning, and may indicate that L1 based tsunami models are valid regarding the inundation threat along the inland coast for future Cascadia earthquakes.
Advisors/Committee Members: Housen, Bernard Arthur, Caplan-Auerbach, Jacqueline, Grossman, Eric E..
Subjects/Keywords: Geology; Tsunamis – Northwest, Pacific; Tsunami hazard zones – Northwest, Pacific; Earthquake hazard analysis – Northwest, Pacific; Earthquakes – Northwest, Pacific; Geology, Structural – Northwest, Pacific; Tsunami hazard zones – Washingon (State) – Puget Sound; Tsunami hazard zones – Washington (State) – Anacortes; Tsunami hazard zones – Washington (State) – Eliza Island; Tsunami hazard zones – Salish Sea (B.C. and Wash.); Cascadia Subduction Zone; Puget Sound (Wash.); Anacortes (Wash.); Eliza Island (Wash.); Salish Sea (B.C. and Wash.); masters theses
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APA (6th Edition):
Morkner, P. (2019). Validation of Predicted Tsunami Inundation for the Inland Coast of the Salish Sea Associated with Cascadia Subduction Zone Earthquakes. (Masters Thesis). Western Washington University. Retrieved from https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/895
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Morkner, Paige. “Validation of Predicted Tsunami Inundation for the Inland Coast of the Salish Sea Associated with Cascadia Subduction Zone Earthquakes.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Western Washington University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/895.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Morkner, Paige. “Validation of Predicted Tsunami Inundation for the Inland Coast of the Salish Sea Associated with Cascadia Subduction Zone Earthquakes.” 2019. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Morkner P. Validation of Predicted Tsunami Inundation for the Inland Coast of the Salish Sea Associated with Cascadia Subduction Zone Earthquakes. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Western Washington University; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/895.
Council of Science Editors:
Morkner P. Validation of Predicted Tsunami Inundation for the Inland Coast of the Salish Sea Associated with Cascadia Subduction Zone Earthquakes. [Masters Thesis]. Western Washington University; 2019. Available from: https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/895
Western Washington University
10.
Baker, Peter.
Timing and Conditions of Metamorphism in the Cascades Crystalline Core from Garnet Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd Geochronology.
Degree: MS, Geology, 2020, Western Washington University
URL: https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/927
► The Chiwaukum Schist and Tonga Formation of Cascades Crystalline Core experienced three distinct metamorphic events: (M1) an early metamorphism that predates regional pluton emplacement,…
(more)
▼ The Chiwaukum Schist and Tonga Formation of Cascades Crystalline Core experienced three distinct metamorphic events: (M1) an early metamorphism that predates regional pluton emplacement, (M2) low-pressure contact metamorphism in the aureoles of the Mount Stuart batholith and Beckler Peak pluton, and (M3) regional Barrovian metamorphism. The timing of these distinct metamorphic events is critical to testing models for the tectonic evolution of the region and mechanisms that lead to burial of rocks within the orogen. I present new garnet Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd isochrons, average pressure and temperature calculations, and pseudosection modeling from the Chiwaukum Schist and Tonga Formation in order to constrain the timing and conditions of M1-M3 metamorphism in the Cascades Crystalline Core. Garnet Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd isochrons obtained from the Chiwaukum Schist in Icicle Canyon record the age of M1 metamorphism approximately 130 to 110 Ma at ~3 kilobar and ~650°C. The Lu-Hf isochrons, however, are scattered and likely reflect a complex polymetamorphic history. In the contact aureole of the Mount Stuart batholith, Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd isochrons date syn to post-M2 garnet growth in the Chiwaukum Schist between 95 and 90 Ma following batholith emplacement at 3.5 kilobar and ~550°C. Garnet growth during the regional M3 Barrovian overprint lasted from 91-86 Ma at 6-7.4 kilobar and~650°C, dates that are similar to published ages. In the Tonga Formation, a Lu-Hf age dates M1 garnet growth around 119 Ma at 3-4 kilobar and ~550°C, however, a second Lu-Hf sample is scattered and likely reflects a complex polymetamorphic history. Garnet Sm-Nd ages of 91 and 88 Ma from the same samples reflect M3 related cooling after intrusion of the Beckler Peak pluton and Excelsior Ridge orthogneiss at 6-7 kilobar and ~600°C. The ages document the timing of M1 metamorphism in both the Chiwaukum Schist and Tonga Formation approximately 120-110 Ma, as well as Barrovian metamorphism in both regions starting at 91 Ma. M2 and M3 ages from both regions reflect a period of continual metamorphism and progressive burial beginning with the intrusion of the Mount Stuart batholith and satellite plutons between 96 and 92 Ma at 3-4 kilobar and culminating with rapid burial and continued deep seated magmatism through 88 Ma to pressures in excess of 6-8 kilobar. The results support correlations between the Chiwaukum Schist and Tonga Formation and provide new constraints on the timing and conditions of metamorphism.
Advisors/Committee Members: Mulcahy, Sean, Schermer, Elizabeth, 1959-, Housen, Bernard Arthur.
Subjects/Keywords: Geology; Petrology – Washington (State) – Chelan County; Schists – Washington (State) – Chelan County; Crystalline rocks – Washington (State) – Chelan County; Metamorphism (Geology) – Washington (State) – Chelan County; Geological time; Chelan County (Wash.); masters theses
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APA (6th Edition):
Baker, P. (2020). Timing and Conditions of Metamorphism in the Cascades Crystalline Core from Garnet Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd Geochronology. (Masters Thesis). Western Washington University. Retrieved from https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/927
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Baker, Peter. “Timing and Conditions of Metamorphism in the Cascades Crystalline Core from Garnet Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd Geochronology.” 2020. Masters Thesis, Western Washington University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/927.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Baker, Peter. “Timing and Conditions of Metamorphism in the Cascades Crystalline Core from Garnet Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd Geochronology.” 2020. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Baker P. Timing and Conditions of Metamorphism in the Cascades Crystalline Core from Garnet Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd Geochronology. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Western Washington University; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/927.
Council of Science Editors:
Baker P. Timing and Conditions of Metamorphism in the Cascades Crystalline Core from Garnet Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd Geochronology. [Masters Thesis]. Western Washington University; 2020. Available from: https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/927
Western Washington University
11.
Nessly, Daniel.
Effects of Organic versus Conventional Agricultural Management on Soil Quality in Skagit County, Washington.
Degree: MS, Environmental Studies, 2015, Western Washington University
URL: https://doi.org/10.25710/9tn6-x457
;
https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/456
► The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the soil quality of selected farms in Skagit County, Washington, to determine whether conventional farming practices…
(more)
▼ The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the soil quality of selected farms in Skagit
County, Washington, to determine whether conventional farming practices have resulted in lower soil quality than organic practices. Comparative organic and conventional farms were measured for percent soil organic matter content, annelids, soil moisture, soil compaction levels, infiltration, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, salinity, and soil pH. The hypothesis was that within conventionally managed fields, one would find degraded soil quality as evidenced by less soil organic matter; fewer annelids; lower soil pH and salinity; lower soil moisture; lower levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium; increased compaction; and, lower water infiltration rates. Such factors would reduce the farm’s ability to respond to drought conditions, allow topsoil erosion, and result in an increased loss of soil. The results showed that, in terms of soil quality, the lower soil organic matter and annelids content in conventional farms was statistically significant. Indeed, the results show that SOM and annelids are soil properties which change relatively quickly, regardless of soil type, when organic practices are introduced. Thus, these two variables may provide the strongest evidence for soil improvement when changing to organic practices. It is possible that testing for these two variables alone, may be adequate for determining and categorizing soil quality in Skagit
County, and elsewhere. Regarding organic practices and lower soil quality values for other variables tested, it is possible that conversion to organic is too recent for statistically significant differences between management practices to be apparent.
Advisors/Committee Members: Berardi, Gigi M., Bach, Andrew J., Rossiter, David A..
Subjects/Keywords: Geography; Organic farming – Washington (State) – Skagit County; Agriculture – Washington (State) – Skagit County; Soils – Quality – Washington (State) – Skagit County; Soil management – Washington (State) – Skagit County; Skagit County (Wash.); masters theses
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APA (6th Edition):
Nessly, D. (2015). Effects of Organic versus Conventional Agricultural Management on Soil Quality in Skagit County, Washington. (Masters Thesis). Western Washington University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.25710/9tn6-x457 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/456
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Nessly, Daniel. “Effects of Organic versus Conventional Agricultural Management on Soil Quality in Skagit County, Washington.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Western Washington University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.25710/9tn6-x457 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/456.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Nessly, Daniel. “Effects of Organic versus Conventional Agricultural Management on Soil Quality in Skagit County, Washington.” 2015. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Nessly D. Effects of Organic versus Conventional Agricultural Management on Soil Quality in Skagit County, Washington. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Western Washington University; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/9tn6-x457 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/456.
Council of Science Editors:
Nessly D. Effects of Organic versus Conventional Agricultural Management on Soil Quality in Skagit County, Washington. [Masters Thesis]. Western Washington University; 2015. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/9tn6-x457 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/456
Western Washington University
12.
Malick, Geoffrey.
Geologic Development and Ongoing Activity of the Van Zandt Landslide Complex, Northwest WA, USA.
Degree: MS, Geology, 2018, Western Washington University
URL: https://doi.org/10.25710/0wgq-5j78
;
https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/637
► Geomorphic mapping based on high-resolution lidar data indicates that the Van Zandt Landslide Complex (VZLC) has multiple crosscutting debris lobes (up to 51.4 x…
(more)
▼ Geomorphic mapping based on high-resolution lidar data indicates that the Van Zandt Landslide Complex (VZLC) has multiple crosscutting debris lobes (up to 51.4 x 10
6 m
3) with long runouts (H/L= 0.14; 0.21) typical of catastrophic rock avalanches. AMS
14C dates from
in situ logs and lake sediment cores yield overlapping ages for emplacement of Debris Lobe 2 (1330-1285 cal. yrs. B.P) and Debris Lobe 3 (1300-1285 cal. yrs. B.P.) Although Debris Lobe 3 overlies a portion of Debris Lobe 2, it is possible that emplacement of the two deposits was nearly synchronous or in rapid succession. The debris lobes are not contemporaneous with any known paleoseismic events from local shallow-crustal faults but do overlap with a known Cascadia megaquake (event T4). Abundant transverse surface fractures, a distal “splash zone,” as well as debris exposures showing basal mixing, soft-sediment deformation, and substrate injection features provide evidence for significant rock avalanche-substrate interaction and mobility-enhancing liquefaction. To evaluate ongoing retrogressive block sliding in the headwall region, we installed wire extensometers in three prominent tension gaps and tracked their movement over an 18-month period between 10/15 and 4/17; all three sites experienced measurable displacement (up to 5.7 cm total), with progressive movement largely accelerating and decelerating in response to short- and long-term precipitation conditions. Although recorded strain rates were relatively slow during this period, incipient detachment scarps across the headwall involve slabs with a total volume of ~35.2 x 10
6 m
3, the potential release of which could pose a serious hazard to people and property in the valley below.
Advisors/Committee Members: Clark, Douglas H., 1961-, Linneman, Scott, Mitchell, Robert J. (Geologist).
Subjects/Keywords: Geology; Geomorphological mapping – Washington (State) – Whatcom County; Slopes (Soil mechanics)-Washington (State) – Whatcom County; Landslides-Washington (State) – Whatcom County; Geology-Washington (State) – Whatcom County; Whatcom County (Wash.); masters theses
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APA (6th Edition):
Malick, G. (2018). Geologic Development and Ongoing Activity of the Van Zandt Landslide Complex, Northwest WA, USA. (Masters Thesis). Western Washington University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.25710/0wgq-5j78 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/637
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Malick, Geoffrey. “Geologic Development and Ongoing Activity of the Van Zandt Landslide Complex, Northwest WA, USA.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Western Washington University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.25710/0wgq-5j78 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/637.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Malick, Geoffrey. “Geologic Development and Ongoing Activity of the Van Zandt Landslide Complex, Northwest WA, USA.” 2018. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Malick G. Geologic Development and Ongoing Activity of the Van Zandt Landslide Complex, Northwest WA, USA. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Western Washington University; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/0wgq-5j78 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/637.
Council of Science Editors:
Malick G. Geologic Development and Ongoing Activity of the Van Zandt Landslide Complex, Northwest WA, USA. [Masters Thesis]. Western Washington University; 2018. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/0wgq-5j78 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/637
Western Washington University
13.
Rice, Nathan C.
Elk Abundance Estimation and Road Ecology in Whatcom and Skagit Counties, Washington.
Degree: MS, Environmental Sciences, 2017, Western Washington University
URL: https://doi.org/10.25710/1m9d-de35
;
https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/628
► Chapter 1 – Elk abundance estimation using genetic mark-recapture in the South Fork Nooksack Valley, Whatcom County Washington. Non-invasive genetic mark-recapture is an increasingly…
(more)
▼ Chapter 1 – Elk abundance estimation using genetic mark-recapture in the South Fork Nooksack Valley, Whatcom
County Washington. Non-invasive genetic mark-recapture is an increasingly useful method for estimating the abundance of elusive wildlife. This method was used to estimate the size of an elk population (Cervus canadensis) in the South Fork Nooksack River valley in northwestern Washington where dense forest cover can hamper aerial surveys. We genotyped 250 elk fecal DNA samples that were collected in a single sampling session. Only 103 samples amplified sufficiently after one PCR for genotype matching, which resulted in 49 unique genotypes. Program Capwire estimated a population size of 91 elk (95% CI = 83 - 130), possibly an underestimate of actual abundance. Unfortunately, funding limitations precluded necessary lab work to determine consensus genotypes so genotyping errors could not be corrected. For this reason, these results must be considered with caution. While genetic mark-recapture has many advantages over traditional mark-recapture methods, the potential for genotyping error can inflate laboratory expenses and should be carefully considered. Chapter 2 – Elk road ecology on state Highway 20 in Skagit Valley, Skagit
County, Washington. Wildlife-vehicle collisions pose a significant hazard to humans and wildlife. In Skagit Valley, Washington,158 elk (Cervus canadensis) roadkills were documented between 2002 and 2014 on 34.8 kilometers of state highway 20 between the towns of Sedro-Woolley and Concrete. In the current study, I documented road crossing activity between July and December 2013 between the towns of Sedro-Woolley and Concrete using string traps and remote cameras on game trails (n = 722 trail detections). Roadkill data were compiled from agency reports over comparable time periods for spatial analysis (July to December 2013 (n = 22)) and modeling (January 2012 to January 2014 (n =103)). Roadkill locations were weakly correlated with road crossing locations across the study area (Kendall’s tau = 0.23, P < 0.001). Statistically significant hotspots were found for roadkills (n = 4) and road crossing activity (n = 5) (P < 0.05). One roadkill hotspot coincided with one road crossing hotspot. Presence / absence of road crossing activity and roadkills in 216 0.16-km road segments were each modeled against 10 habitat variables and 4 road variables using logistic regression. The best road crossing model indicated that road crossing activity was negatively associated with distance to forest, distance to streams, distance to crops, percent developed area, and guardrail length. Road crossing predictors with the highest relative importance values in the best model were Distance to forest (RI = 1.00), Distance to crops (RI = 1.00), and Distance to streams (RI = 1.00); however, Distance to streams had 95% confidence intervals containing zero. The best roadkill model indicated that roadkills were negatively associated with distance to pasture/hay, percent developed area, and roadside slope, and positively…
Advisors/Committee Members: Wallin, David O., Rice, Clifford Gustav, 1950-, Medler, Michael J..
Subjects/Keywords: Environmental Sciences; Elk populations – Washington (State) – Whatcom County; Elk populations – Washington (State) – Skagit County; Elk – Washington (State) – North Cascades Scenic Highway; Roadkill – Washington (State) – North Cascades Scenic Highway; Wildlife management – Washington (State) – Whatcom County; Wildlife management – Washington (State) – Skagit County; Whatcom County (Wash.); Skagit County (Wash.); North Cascades Scenic Highway (Wash.); masters theses
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APA (6th Edition):
Rice, N. C. (2017). Elk Abundance Estimation and Road Ecology in Whatcom and Skagit Counties, Washington. (Masters Thesis). Western Washington University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.25710/1m9d-de35 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/628
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Rice, Nathan C. “Elk Abundance Estimation and Road Ecology in Whatcom and Skagit Counties, Washington.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Western Washington University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.25710/1m9d-de35 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/628.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Rice, Nathan C. “Elk Abundance Estimation and Road Ecology in Whatcom and Skagit Counties, Washington.” 2017. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Rice NC. Elk Abundance Estimation and Road Ecology in Whatcom and Skagit Counties, Washington. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Western Washington University; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/1m9d-de35 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/628.
Council of Science Editors:
Rice NC. Elk Abundance Estimation and Road Ecology in Whatcom and Skagit Counties, Washington. [Masters Thesis]. Western Washington University; 2017. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/1m9d-de35 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/628
Western Washington University
14.
Wershow, Harold N.
A Holocene Glaciolacustrine Record of the Lyman Glacier and Implications for Glacier Fluctuations in the North Cascades, Washington.
Degree: MS, Geology, 2016, Western Washington University
URL: https://doi.org/10.25710/ry1m-py37
;
https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/513
► The Holocene glacial history of the North Cascades is poorly understood, in part because most existing records rely on moraine remnants and are therefore…
(more)
▼ The Holocene glacial history of the North Cascades is poorly understood, in part because most existing records rely on moraine remnants and are therefore discontinuous. To develop a more complete record of Holocene fluctuations of North Cascades glaciers, we collected and analyzed glaciolacustrine sediments (i.e., rock flour) deposited over the past ~7800 years in Lyman Lake by the upstream Lyman Glacier. We combined these results with equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) reconstructions and glacier-climate modeling to quantify the climatic conditions that drove these fluctuations. Finally, we compared the Lyman Glacier’s continuous fluctuation record to existing glacier and climate records of the North Cascades.
Our results indicate that the Lyman Glacier was absent in the early Holocene, from before 7.8 ka until ~4.9 ka, when it experienced an early Neoglacial advance that persisted until at least ~3.8 ka. Following an extended non-glacial interval, the glacier experienced significant advances between ~2.6 – 2.25 ka, ~1.8 – 1.3 ka and ~1.1 – 0.9 ka. An advance starting ~ 0.8 ka (1150 CE) culminated at the glacier’s maximum Holocene extent between ~0.6-0.5 ka (~1350 – 1450 CE), from which it retreated and disappeared entirely by ~0.35 ka (~1600 CE). After ~200 years with no significant glacier presence in the cirque, the glacier reformed and rapidly advanced to its maximum Holocene extent (~1800 – 1900 CE). Following this event, the glacier retreated steadily throughout the 20
th and early 21
st centuries and as of 2014, has approached its minimum viable extent. Paleo-ELA reconstructions of the glacier’s maximum Holocene extents suggest that summers were ~2.6 °C cooler than modern (l981 – 2010 CE); alternatively, glacier-climate modeling indicates that annual temperatures ~1.5 °C cooler than modern would result in maximum glacier extents.
Combining these new results with existing North Cascades glacial records indicates that: 1) the earliest Neoglacial advances in the region (starting ~6 ka) occurred asynchronously, with higher latitude and more maritime sites experiencing earlier advances; 2) Neoglacial advances remained small, infrequent and asynchronous until the last millennium; 3) Beginning at ~1.0 ka, glaciers throughout the North Cascades advanced synchronously, signaling the onset of the Little Ice Age (LIA); 4) North Cascades glaciers reached their maximum Holocene extents during the 15
th and early 16
th centuries (~0.55 – 0.45 ka), followed by apparent regional retreat and a final smaller 19
th century (~0.15 – 0.05 ka) re-advance. The asynchronous early-to-mid Neoglacial fluctuations followed by synchronous LIA behavior suggests that local climate factors drove glacier fluctuations until the regional climate signal became strong enough to induce synchrony ca. 1.0 ka. Although the inferred regional retreat remains uncertain, the disappearance of the Lyman Glacier in the mid-LIA (~0.45 – 0.15 ka) is consistent with the precipitation record at…
Advisors/Committee Members: Clark, Douglas H., 1961-, Mitchell, Robert J. (Geologist), Linneman, Scott.
Subjects/Keywords: Geology; Glaciers – Washington (State) – Lyman Lake (Chelan County); Sediments (Geology) – Washington (State) – Lyman Lake (Chelan County); Glaciology – North Cascades (B.C. and Wash.); Geology, Stratigraphic – Holocene; Lyman Lake (Chelan County, Wash.); North Cascades (B.C. and Wash.), Washington (State); masters theses
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Wershow, H. N. (2016). A Holocene Glaciolacustrine Record of the Lyman Glacier and Implications for Glacier Fluctuations in the North Cascades, Washington. (Masters Thesis). Western Washington University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.25710/ry1m-py37 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/513
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wershow, Harold N. “A Holocene Glaciolacustrine Record of the Lyman Glacier and Implications for Glacier Fluctuations in the North Cascades, Washington.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Western Washington University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.25710/ry1m-py37 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/513.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wershow, Harold N. “A Holocene Glaciolacustrine Record of the Lyman Glacier and Implications for Glacier Fluctuations in the North Cascades, Washington.” 2016. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Wershow HN. A Holocene Glaciolacustrine Record of the Lyman Glacier and Implications for Glacier Fluctuations in the North Cascades, Washington. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Western Washington University; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/ry1m-py37 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/513.
Council of Science Editors:
Wershow HN. A Holocene Glaciolacustrine Record of the Lyman Glacier and Implications for Glacier Fluctuations in the North Cascades, Washington. [Masters Thesis]. Western Washington University; 2016. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/ry1m-py37 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/513
Western Washington University
15.
Clement, Curtis R.
Estimating sediment yield from the Swift Creek landslide, Whatcom County, Washington State.
Degree: MS, Geology, 2014, Western Washington University
URL: https://doi.org/10.25710/jdac-6x39
;
https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/360
► The amount of suspended sediment carried by streams in mountainous watersheds is an important factor in environmental and engineering planning, especially when the material…
(more)
▼ The amount of suspended sediment carried by streams in mountainous watersheds is an important factor in environmental and engineering planning, especially when the material happens to be of toxic nature. The Swift Creek watershed contains a deep-seated landslide composed of weathered serpentinite, which includes chrysotile (capable of asbestiform morphology), chlorite, illite, and hydrotalcite. The United States Environmental Protection Agency has determined that the asbestiform material contains particles of sufficient size and quantity that could be hazardous to human health. The suspended sediment load from Swift Creek is primarily influence by the steep, disturbed and unvegetated toe of the landslide which provides a large surface for overland flow directly into the stream creating temperamental conditions, as well as an effectively endless supply of sediment. The remainder of the watershed is heavily forested and consequently supplies relatively little sediment to the stream. I attempted to develop a means to estimate sediment yield from the landslide, and provide a consistent method to monitor the stream in spite of the flashy conditions. I used the Distributed Hydrology-Soil-Vegetation Model to create a continuous discharge dataset from point discharge measurements. I also used the Turbidity Threshold Sampling method to collect physical water samples drawn during specific changes in turbidity and used the turbidity data as a proxy for suspended sediment. I developed linear models based on discharge and turbidity to estimate an annual yield.
Pacific Surveying and Engineering conducted a similar study three years after my data collection period and estimated a sediment yield that did not support my sediment yield estimates. The methods were slightly different as necessitated by the difference in quality of the various data types. As a result, I evaluated the differences between the methods in an effort to determine if the disparity between my estimate and
Pacific Surveying and Engineering’s estimate was caused by procedural differences. I included an analysis of timing between peak turbidity and precipitation and between peak turbidity and discharge. I found that the time between storms was important to the suspended sediment magnitudes. Future modeling efforts will need to incorporate this discharge-sediment hysteresis over the linear models in this research and by
Pacific Surveying and Engineering. The United States Geological Survey collected turbidity and discharge data on the Sumas River for several seasons. Monitoring here in the future will likely be more effective than monitoring Swift Creek directly because of the rivers discharge stability. If direct monitoring of the Swift Creek is to be continued, the relationship between discharge and suspended sediment should be further developed rather than turbidity and suspended sediment due to measurement stability.
Advisors/Committee Members: Mitchell, Robert J. (Geologist), Clark, Douglas H., 1961-, Linneman, Scott.
Subjects/Keywords: Geology; Water – Analysis; Asbestos – Washington (State) – Swift Creek Watershed (Whatcom County); Sediment transport – Washington (State) – Swift Creek Watershed (Whatcom County); Landslides – Washington (State) – Swift Creek Watershed (Whatcom County); Swift Creek Watershed (Whatcom County, Wash.); Swift Creek Watershed (Whatcom County, Wash.); masters theses
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APA (6th Edition):
Clement, C. R. (2014). Estimating sediment yield from the Swift Creek landslide, Whatcom County, Washington State. (Masters Thesis). Western Washington University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.25710/jdac-6x39 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/360
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Clement, Curtis R. “Estimating sediment yield from the Swift Creek landslide, Whatcom County, Washington State.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Western Washington University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.25710/jdac-6x39 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/360.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Clement, Curtis R. “Estimating sediment yield from the Swift Creek landslide, Whatcom County, Washington State.” 2014. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Clement CR. Estimating sediment yield from the Swift Creek landslide, Whatcom County, Washington State. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Western Washington University; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/jdac-6x39 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/360.
Council of Science Editors:
Clement CR. Estimating sediment yield from the Swift Creek landslide, Whatcom County, Washington State. [Masters Thesis]. Western Washington University; 2014. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/jdac-6x39 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/360
Western Washington University
16.
Miterko, Peter.
Community within Single-Site Permanent Supportive Housing: Perspectives and Experiences from Staff and Residents at St. Mary’s House.
Degree: MA, Anthropology, 2017, Western Washington University
URL: https://doi.org/10.25710/fpjd-tx52
;
https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/623
► This thesis examines how community develops and is experienced among staff and residents of St. Mary’s House, a single-site permanent supportive housing program modeled…
(more)
▼ This thesis examines how community develops and is experienced among staff and residents of
St. Mary’s House, a single-site permanent supportive housing program modeled in the Housing First approach. Supportive housing modeled in the Housing First approach has been gaining prominence in recent decades as an effective resource for managing chronic homelessness nationwide. Despite this, limited attention has been given to the experiences of those being housed. In particular, there is a dearth of research on the experiences of community within single-site supportive housing and the perspectives of residents remain marginalized in the policy discourse.
My thesis begins with a critical examination of chronic homelessness. I argue that federal level neoliberal policies produce the structural circumstances for chronic homelessness to exist as well as housing interventions that displace attention from these structural causes. Within this frame, the rise of the Housing First approach is complexly enmeshed within a rationale that problematizes the visibility and costs associated with chronic homelessness rather than basic commitments to the poor.
Utilizing a collaborative methodology founded in the principles of participatory action research (PAR), I conducted four months of field work at
St. Mary’s House. I spent the majority of this time participating and observing in the daily milieu of
St. Mary’s House and conducting interviews with supportive services staff and residents. In addition, I utilized photovoice as a visual tool to explore community from the perspectives of residents. All project data was analyzed through a grounded theory framework with feedback from the program director of
St. Mary’s House. Emerging themes were then theoretically developed by concepts of sense of community, place making, and habitus.
Findings from this research are developed three different ways. First, I examine the processes of community organization at
St. Mary’s House. This analysis
sheds light on the ways in which the service arrangement between staff and residents structures the parameters with which social interactions are organized and community participation is produced. Second, I analyze the dimensions of experiences at
St. Mary’s House and the structural challenges to building community through four aspects that I distinguish as (1) surveillance, (2) resident proximity to one another, (3) resident “exits,” and (4) the service provider/recipient paradigm. For each aspect I demonstrate how the tensions that impact residents’ experiences stem from components of the service arrangement. Third, I present resident generated photovoice material through three themes: (1) depictions of home, (2) participation in neighborhood, and (3) solidarity in homelessness. I discuss how these themes illustrate the capacity of participants as active and resilient community members. I argue that residents’ lived experiences, largely unfamiliar to service providers, are…
Advisors/Committee Members: Bruna, Sean, Loucky, James, Fisher, Josh.
Subjects/Keywords: Anthropology; Homeless persons – Housing – Washington (State) – Whatcom County – Personal narratives; Social workers – Washington (State) – Whatcom County – Personal narratives; Low-income housing – Washington (State) – Whatcom County; Whatcom County (Wash.); masters theses
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APA (6th Edition):
Miterko, P. (2017). Community within Single-Site Permanent Supportive Housing: Perspectives and Experiences from Staff and Residents at St. Mary’s House. (Masters Thesis). Western Washington University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.25710/fpjd-tx52 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/623
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Miterko, Peter. “Community within Single-Site Permanent Supportive Housing: Perspectives and Experiences from Staff and Residents at St. Mary’s House.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Western Washington University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.25710/fpjd-tx52 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/623.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Miterko, Peter. “Community within Single-Site Permanent Supportive Housing: Perspectives and Experiences from Staff and Residents at St. Mary’s House.” 2017. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Miterko P. Community within Single-Site Permanent Supportive Housing: Perspectives and Experiences from Staff and Residents at St. Mary’s House. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Western Washington University; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/fpjd-tx52 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/623.
Council of Science Editors:
Miterko P. Community within Single-Site Permanent Supportive Housing: Perspectives and Experiences from Staff and Residents at St. Mary’s House. [Masters Thesis]. Western Washington University; 2017. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/fpjd-tx52 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/623
Western Washington University
17.
Rowland, Julia M. (Julia Marie).
It takes a community: an archaeological investigation of the 1897-1907 Equality Colony, Skagit County, Washington.
Degree: MA, Anthropology, 2014, Western Washington University
URL: https://doi.org/10.25710/7vvs-n963
;
https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/383
► Community plays a critical role in human life and this project explores community on multiple levels, both through exploration of a historic socialist community,…
(more)
▼ Community plays a critical role in human life and this project explores community on multiple levels, both through exploration of a historic socialist community, the Equality Colony, and through its use of the community archaeology method. In 1897 the Brotherhood of the Cooperative Commonwealth, a Maine based socialist political group, put out a call to its membership of over 2,000 people across the nation to move to Washington State. Their long term goal was to win the heart of the state for American socialism. The short term goal was to establish a colony to demonstrate the utility of socialist living to the country. The long term goal was never realized; the short term goal resulted in the formation of the Equality Colony, which existed in Skagit
County, Washington from 1897 to 1907. The Equality Colony has received some attention from historians but this is the first archaeological investigation. In fact, there has been little archaeological research of utopian communities in the Northwest region at all. By apply a strong anthropological theoretical framework; this project brings a new perspective and new insight to this fascinating piece of history and lays groundwork for archaeological survey on the former Equality Colony land. Historical research, including analysis of recorded interviews with former Equality Colony members and descendents, as well as historic photographs, maps, and documents, was utilized to both gain new insight into the Equality Colony history and to generate archaeological research questions. In the course of this project a wealth of information pertinent to the creation of an archaeological research design was compiled and explored. Work with a variety of maps and aerial photographs succeeded in locating the former Equality Colony infrastructure on the modern landscape. The Equality Colony land is privately owned today and archaeological survey(s) of this land cannot be carried out without landowner cooperation. This thesis project utilized the community archaeology method to lay the groundwork for archaeological survey. Community archaeology is the purposeful engagement of a community, most often the local and/or descendant community, in an archaeological project. Community engagement activities for this project included mail correspondence with the landowners, public talks, a landowner meeting, and various other community interactions. Through landowner engagement I was able to do the first ever archaeological survey on a portion of the historic Equality Colony site. The community archaeological method is being increasingly utilized but best practice guidelines have yet to be established. By documenting my own community archaeology process I hope to contribute to the growing body of work from which guidelines may be created.
Advisors/Committee Members: Campbell, Sarah K., Marshall, Robert C., 1948-, Hammond, Joyce D., 1950-.
Subjects/Keywords: Anthropology; Equality Colony (Skagit County, Wash.) – History; Collective settlements – Washington (State) – Equality Colony (Skagit County); Community life – Washington (State) – Equality Colony (Skagit County); Archaeology – Social aspects; Archaeology – Political aspects; Archaeology – Methodology; Equality Colony (Skagit County, Wash.); masters theses
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APA (6th Edition):
Rowland, J. M. (. M. (2014). It takes a community: an archaeological investigation of the 1897-1907 Equality Colony, Skagit County, Washington. (Masters Thesis). Western Washington University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.25710/7vvs-n963 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/383
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Rowland, Julia M (Julia Marie). “It takes a community: an archaeological investigation of the 1897-1907 Equality Colony, Skagit County, Washington.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Western Washington University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.25710/7vvs-n963 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/383.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Rowland, Julia M (Julia Marie). “It takes a community: an archaeological investigation of the 1897-1907 Equality Colony, Skagit County, Washington.” 2014. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Rowland JM(M. It takes a community: an archaeological investigation of the 1897-1907 Equality Colony, Skagit County, Washington. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Western Washington University; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/7vvs-n963 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/383.
Council of Science Editors:
Rowland JM(M. It takes a community: an archaeological investigation of the 1897-1907 Equality Colony, Skagit County, Washington. [Masters Thesis]. Western Washington University; 2014. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/7vvs-n963 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/383
Western Washington University
18.
Call, Shannon M. (Shannon Marie).
Plant Community and Nutrient Development within Four Estuary Restoration Sites in Kitsap County, Washington.
Degree: MS, Environmental Sciences, 2017, Western Washington University
URL: https://doi.org/10.25710/0nn7-6w30
;
https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/605
► Coastal wetland ecosystems are some of the most productive ecosystems on the planet and link freshwater and marine environments. Coastal wetlands provide invaluable ecosystem…
(more)
▼ Coastal wetland ecosystems are some of the most productive ecosystems on the planet and link freshwater and marine environments. Coastal wetlands provide invaluable ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, storm abatement, biogeochemical cycling, and water filtration. However, estuaries affected by physical barriers, such as culverts, experience reduced hydrological inputs and reduced connectivity above and below the site of impact. Loss of connectivity results in loss of ecosystem function such as carbon and nitrogen cycling. We investigated soil nutrients and vegetation composition of estuarine communities in four estuary restoration locations in Kitsap
County, Washington and the following questions were addressed: 1) is there a linear trajectory in recovery of soil carbon and organic matter due to length of time since ecological restoration (i.e. culvert removal), 2) is there a recovery of soil nutrients optimal for plant growth, 3) does plant species diversity increase over time, 4) will plant communities homogenize between restoration location (i.e., above or below the culvert) over time, and 5) does time since restoration affect invasibility? Differences in percent soil carbon and organic matter existed among sites. The carbon-to-nitrogen ratio was highest below the culvert restoration location at the newest post-restoration site, indicating nitrogen deficiency. Percent soil carbon and organic matter initially dropped in newly restored sites, and was highest at the pre-restoration site (pre). Soil nutrients were analyzed and nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, copper, and manganese were positively correlated with dried plant biomass. Potassium, magnesium, boron, iron, and manganese were all below common soil ranges. A total of 65 plant species were surveyed, with a significant increase in species richness and diversity (H') at the oldest restoration site, with decreasing differences in diversity as age since restoration increased. Community composition was dominated by pickleweed (
Salicornia virginica), colonial bentgrass (
Agrostis capillaris), and fat hen (
Chenopodium album) among all sites. Nine invasive species were surveyed, but were not significantly different within and among sites. The pre-restoration site (pre) showed the lowest species richness above the culvert and the intermediate site had the highest, with a trend of increasing species richness over time. The oldest post-restoration site had the highest diversity using the Shannon-Wiener (H’) diversity index. Locations (above or below) were significantly different from one another determined by principal component analysis (PCA), analysis of similarity (ANOSIM), and similarity percentages (SIMPER). The results indicate salinity is the largest environmental driver of vegetative assemblages, and homogenization of plant communities between locations (above vs. below) has not occurred at any site.
Advisors/Committee Members: Bauman, Jenise, Helfield, James M., Bunn, Rebecca.
Subjects/Keywords: Environmental Sciences; Estuarine plants – Variation – Washington (State) – Kitsap County; Estuarine sediments – Washington (State) – Kitsap County – Analysis; Plant nutrients – Washington (State) – Kitsap County – Analysis; Estuarine restoration – Washington (State) – Kitsap County; Culverts – Washington (State) – Kitsap County; Estuarine ecology – Washington (State) – Kitsap County; Kitsap County (Wash.); masters theses
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Call, S. M. (. M. (2017). Plant Community and Nutrient Development within Four Estuary Restoration Sites in Kitsap County, Washington. (Masters Thesis). Western Washington University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.25710/0nn7-6w30 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/605
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Call, Shannon M (Shannon Marie). “Plant Community and Nutrient Development within Four Estuary Restoration Sites in Kitsap County, Washington.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Western Washington University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.25710/0nn7-6w30 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/605.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Call, Shannon M (Shannon Marie). “Plant Community and Nutrient Development within Four Estuary Restoration Sites in Kitsap County, Washington.” 2017. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Call SM(M. Plant Community and Nutrient Development within Four Estuary Restoration Sites in Kitsap County, Washington. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Western Washington University; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/0nn7-6w30 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/605.
Council of Science Editors:
Call SM(M. Plant Community and Nutrient Development within Four Estuary Restoration Sites in Kitsap County, Washington. [Masters Thesis]. Western Washington University; 2017. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/0nn7-6w30 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/605
Western Washington University
19.
Ferreira, Benjamin R.
High-resolution lidar mapping and analysis to quantify surface movement of Swift Creek landslide, Whatcom County, WA.
Degree: MS, Geology, 2014, Western Washington University
URL: https://doi.org/10.25710/v0xe-dm93
;
https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/388
► I investigated the applicability of using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to quantify surface displacement of the Swift Creek landslide, an active earth flow in…
(more)
▼ I investigated the applicability of using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to quantify surface displacement of the Swift Creek landslide, an active earth flow in the foothills of northwest Washington State. Five surveys were completed from October, 2009-April, 2011 to identify and measure spatial and temporal changes in the movement of the landslide. The seasonally variable movement patterns at the site provide an ideal environment to test the effectiveness of newly emerging methods to measure surface displacement. Iterative closest point (ICP) analysis and image cross-correlation via particle image velocimetry (PIV) were applied to sequential TLS datasets to identify and match features in multi-temporal data. ICP utilizes a distance-based function to match point-cloud surfaces whereas PIV is essentially a pixel-matching algorithm applied to derived DEMs and slopegradient images. Results of the analysis revealed that the ICP and PIV methods applied to LiDAR data are suitable for measuring surface displacement on actively deforming landscapes. Total movement rates of 25 boulders on the toe ranged from 3.3 to 39.3 m/yr, with seasonal changes evident in their movement patterns. PIV analysis produced a spatially continuous displacement field when the time between surveys was less than about five months. Results show that the toe is a highly dynamic zone with as many as five discrete zones of movement. To gain a better understanding of the overall dynamics of the Swift Creek landslide, I applied PIV analysis to airborne LiDAR acquired in 2006 and 2011 that extended the spatial coverage to the entire basin. Movement rates on the main body of the landslide were 3.0 (+/- 0.9) m/yr over the five years. Using both terrestrial and airborne LiDAR data allowed me to circumvent the limitations of each to quantify movement across the whole landslide. My data suggests that the landslide undergoes a transition from a predominately sliding mass in its upper portion to a flow near the top of the unvegetated toe based on increasing velocity and more variable movement patterns observed in this area.
Advisors/Committee Members: Linneman, Scott, Clark, Douglas H., 1961-, Mitchell, Robert J. (Geologist).
Subjects/Keywords: Geology; Earth movements – Washington (State) – Swift Creek (Whatcom County); Landslides – Washington (State) – Swift Creek (Whatcom County); Optical radar; Swift Creek (Whatcom County, Wash.); masters theses
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APA (6th Edition):
Ferreira, B. R. (2014). High-resolution lidar mapping and analysis to quantify surface movement of Swift Creek landslide, Whatcom County, WA. (Masters Thesis). Western Washington University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.25710/v0xe-dm93 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/388
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ferreira, Benjamin R. “High-resolution lidar mapping and analysis to quantify surface movement of Swift Creek landslide, Whatcom County, WA.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Western Washington University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.25710/v0xe-dm93 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/388.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ferreira, Benjamin R. “High-resolution lidar mapping and analysis to quantify surface movement of Swift Creek landslide, Whatcom County, WA.” 2014. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Ferreira BR. High-resolution lidar mapping and analysis to quantify surface movement of Swift Creek landslide, Whatcom County, WA. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Western Washington University; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/v0xe-dm93 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/388.
Council of Science Editors:
Ferreira BR. High-resolution lidar mapping and analysis to quantify surface movement of Swift Creek landslide, Whatcom County, WA. [Masters Thesis]. Western Washington University; 2014. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/v0xe-dm93 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/388
20.
Flanagan, Stephen.
Lepeophtheirus salmonis, parasitizing three species of pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.): host variations in load, morphology, fecundity, and genetics of the salmon louse.
Degree: MS, Biology, 2012, Eastern Washington University
URL: https://dc.ewu.edu/theses/76
► "The purpose of this study is to determine biological parameters of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) as they parasitize different species of Pacific Ocean salmonids…
(more)
▼ "The purpose of this study is to determine biological parameters of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) as they parasitize different species of Pacific Ocean salmonids off the north Pacific coast of Washington State. Parasite load counts of L. salmonis were made and individuals were collected from salmonids in their natural environment. Louse morphology and fecundity were examined using microscopy. Parasite loads were equal between different species of salmonids (p = 0.231). Lice that infected chinook salmon (n= 48) were smaller in total body length (p < 0.001), cephalothorax length (p < 0.001), and cephalothorax width (p < 0.001) when compared to lice that infected coho salmon (n = 44) or pink salmon (n=45). Lice that infected coho and pink salmon were not statistically different in body length (p = 0.213), cephalothorax length (p = 0.996), or cephalothorax width (p = 0.149). Also, L. salmonis produced fewer eggs when infecting chinook salmon (n = 24) than when infecting coho salmon (p < 0.001) or pink salmon (p < 0.001). Whereas, lice that infected coho salmon (n = 41) or pink salmon (n = 22) produced similar number of eggs (p = 0.60). These results indicate that there are factors associated with infecting chinook salmon hosts that reduce the size and fecundity of salmon lice" – Document.
Subjects/Keywords: Lepeophtheirus salmonis – Juan de Fuca; Strait of (B.C. and Wash.); Lepeophtheirus salmonis – Washington (State) – Neah Bay (Bay); Pacific salmon – Juan de Fuca; Strait of (B.C. and Wash.); Pacific salmon – Washington (State) – Neah Bay (Bay); Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Flanagan, S. (2012). Lepeophtheirus salmonis, parasitizing three species of pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.): host variations in load, morphology, fecundity, and genetics of the salmon louse. (Thesis). Eastern Washington University. Retrieved from https://dc.ewu.edu/theses/76
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Flanagan, Stephen. “Lepeophtheirus salmonis, parasitizing three species of pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.): host variations in load, morphology, fecundity, and genetics of the salmon louse.” 2012. Thesis, Eastern Washington University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://dc.ewu.edu/theses/76.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Flanagan, Stephen. “Lepeophtheirus salmonis, parasitizing three species of pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.): host variations in load, morphology, fecundity, and genetics of the salmon louse.” 2012. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Flanagan S. Lepeophtheirus salmonis, parasitizing three species of pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.): host variations in load, morphology, fecundity, and genetics of the salmon louse. [Internet] [Thesis]. Eastern Washington University; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://dc.ewu.edu/theses/76.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Flanagan S. Lepeophtheirus salmonis, parasitizing three species of pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.): host variations in load, morphology, fecundity, and genetics of the salmon louse. [Thesis]. Eastern Washington University; 2012. Available from: https://dc.ewu.edu/theses/76
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Western Washington University
21.
Syverson, Tim L.
History and Origin of Debris Torrents in the Smith Creek Drainage, Whatcom County, Washington.
Degree: MS, Geology, 1984, Western Washington University
URL: https://doi.org/10.25710/kk2h-g150
;
https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/737
► Four debris torrent events have occurred in the Smith Creek drainage since the turn of the century. In 1917, 1949, 1971, and 1983, debris…
(more)
▼ Four debris torrent events have occurred in the Smith Creek drainage since the turn of the century. In 1917, 1949, 1971, and 1983, debris torrents transported large quantities of logs out of the basin onto the delta. Inventories of air photographs of the drainage before and after the three most recent events, combined with field observations after the 1983 event, show that debris torrents in the Smith Creek drainage are closely related to mass movements. Mass movements provide the momentum necessary to mobilize debris in stream channels during periods of heavy run-off, resulting in the formation of debris torrents. Debris avalanches originating at pre-1947 logging roads are correlated with the initiation of debris torrents during each of the 1949, 1971, and 1983 events.
Extensive logging in the Smith Creek drainage since the late 1800's has had an effect on slope stability in the basin. Logging roads and clearcutting can be correlated with most mass movements in the area, and slash left on valley slopes and in stream channels has been a source of debris for the formation of torrents. Logging activities have removed mature vegetation and disrupted slopes of low stability, making the area vulnerable to high intensity storms that are common in the region.
Debris torrents are a severe hazard to residents of the Smith Creek Delta, and have caused extensive damage to private property.
Advisors/Committee Members: Easterbrook, Don J., 1935-, Babcock, R. Scott (Randall Scott), Engebretson, David C..
Subjects/Keywords: Geology; Flood damage – Washington (State) – Whatcom County; Smith Creek (Whatcom County, Wash.) – Floods; Whatcom County (Wash.); masters theses
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APA (6th Edition):
Syverson, T. L. (1984). History and Origin of Debris Torrents in the Smith Creek Drainage, Whatcom County, Washington. (Masters Thesis). Western Washington University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.25710/kk2h-g150 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/737
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Syverson, Tim L. “History and Origin of Debris Torrents in the Smith Creek Drainage, Whatcom County, Washington.” 1984. Masters Thesis, Western Washington University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.25710/kk2h-g150 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/737.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Syverson, Tim L. “History and Origin of Debris Torrents in the Smith Creek Drainage, Whatcom County, Washington.” 1984. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Syverson TL. History and Origin of Debris Torrents in the Smith Creek Drainage, Whatcom County, Washington. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Western Washington University; 1984. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/kk2h-g150 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/737.
Council of Science Editors:
Syverson TL. History and Origin of Debris Torrents in the Smith Creek Drainage, Whatcom County, Washington. [Masters Thesis]. Western Washington University; 1984. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/kk2h-g150 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/737
Western Washington University
22.
Carruthers, MarySutton.
An analysis of agricultural land-use effects on surface water quality in Skagit County streams.
Degree: MS, Environmental Sciences, 2012, Western Washington University
URL: https://doi.org/10.25710/jjd1-1229
;
https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/250
► Nonpoint source pollution is a concern in many streams nationwide. Puget Sound cleanup efforts have increasingly focused on targeting nonpoint sources of pollution, including…
(more)
▼ Nonpoint source pollution is a concern in many streams nationwide. Puget Sound cleanup efforts have increasingly focused on targeting nonpoint sources of pollution, including nutrient and bacterial sources resulting from agricultural activities. Skagit
County, Washington hosts a robust compilation of agricultural activities from large scale row crops and dairy operations to small hobby farms. It is also home to the Skagit River, the most important river system for Puget Sound salmon, and Samish Bay, the largest shellfish growing area in the north Puget Sound. Enormous efforts have been made to assess the health of Washington's waterways and to find an effective way to ensure clean water without threatening the historic agricultural sector. The Skagit
County government established a monitoring program in 2003 for the express purpose of assessing agricultural effects on streams. Surface water quality data from 40 sites on 28 streams, collected from 2003-2011 as part of this program, were used in these analyses. The objective of this research was to augment Skagit
County water quality reports in order to determine the influence of agricultural land-use and precipitation on regional surface water quality. Median fecal coliforms, salinity, and turbidity were higher at sites at the downstream end of agricultural areas as compared with upstream sites, and dissolved oxygen concentrations were lower. Sites downstream from agricultural activities were more likely to have detectable levels of total suspended solids, orthophosphate, ammonium, and total Kjeldahl nitrogen than midstream, upstream, or reference sites. Precipitation was only correlated with fecal coliforms at a quarter of the sites, though precipitation events were associated with higher median fecal coliforms at downstream sites. Land-use characteristics were more deterministic of median fecal coliforms than were inherent watershed characteristics.
Advisors/Committee Members: Matthews, Robin A., 1952-, Bodensteiner, Leo R., 1957-, Helfield, James M..
Subjects/Keywords: Environmental Sciences; Nonpoint source pollution – Washington (State) – Skagit County – Analysis; Agriculture – Environmental aspects – Washington (State) – Skagit County – Analysis; Water – Pollution – Washington (State) – Skagit County – Analysis; Water quality management – Washington (State) – Skagit County; Agricultural pollution – Washington (State) – Skagit County – Analysis; Skagit County (Wash.); masters theses
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APA (6th Edition):
Carruthers, M. (2012). An analysis of agricultural land-use effects on surface water quality in Skagit County streams. (Masters Thesis). Western Washington University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.25710/jjd1-1229 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/250
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Carruthers, MarySutton. “An analysis of agricultural land-use effects on surface water quality in Skagit County streams.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Western Washington University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.25710/jjd1-1229 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/250.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Carruthers, MarySutton. “An analysis of agricultural land-use effects on surface water quality in Skagit County streams.” 2012. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Carruthers M. An analysis of agricultural land-use effects on surface water quality in Skagit County streams. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Western Washington University; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/jjd1-1229 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/250.
Council of Science Editors:
Carruthers M. An analysis of agricultural land-use effects on surface water quality in Skagit County streams. [Masters Thesis]. Western Washington University; 2012. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/jjd1-1229 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/250
University of Southern California
23.
Ringhoff, Mary.
Life and work in the Ryan District, Death Valley,
California, 1914-1930: a historic context for a borax mining
community.
Degree: Master of Historic Preservation, Historic Preservation, 2012, University of Southern California
URL: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/204573/rec/3817
► The Ryan district is an early 20th century cultural landscape associated with a historic borax mining operation just outside the eastern boundary of Death Valley…
(more)
▼ The Ryan district is an early 20th century cultural
landscape associated with a historic borax mining operation just
outside the eastern boundary of Death Valley National Park,
California. Its heart, the town of Ryan, was built by the
Pacific
Coast Borax Company (PCB) in support of its extraction work at six
nearby mines; other industrial support systems included the Death
Valley Railroad (DVRR) and the Baby Gauge Railroad. Ryan housed PCB
workers from 1914 to 1928, at which point the operation was
abandoned in favor of richer deposits elsewhere. The town
experienced a brief second life as a hotel and recreation
destination as the economy of the Death Valley region shifted from
mining to tourism. Since its final closure, Ryan and much of the
surrounding land has been maintained on private property by a
mining company. Today, Ryan and its extant buildings are part of a
larger cultural landscape that includes abandoned mines and their
associated work camps, railroad lines, railroad construction camps,
and abundant archaeological deposits. ❧ Like many other industrial
mining operations of the western United States, Ryan was
established and controlled by a corporate entity, was focused on
mineral extraction, was situated in an isolated location, and was
fairly short-lived. What makes the Ryan district unusual is its
association with the borax industry rather than precious metal
mining, its location in one of the world’s most forbidding
environments, and its second life as a tourist destination. What
makes it extraordinary is its state of preservation, both
architectural and archaeological. ❧ This thesis presents a historic
context for the Ryan district, under the theme Life and Work in the
Ryan District, Death Valley, California, 1914-1930. It explores the
larger history of borax mining in the western United States in the
19th and 20th centuries, situating Ryan within the broad patterns
of development that characterized the industry. Four subthemes are
discussed as avenues for interpreting Ryan’s physical environment.
They address the district’s industrial development patterns; the
physical development of the town; its corporate and vernacular
architecture; and its social history. Appropriate property types
are proposed under each subtheme to facilitate future evaluation of
the district’s cultural resources for historical
significance.
Advisors/Committee Members: Breisch, Kenneth A. (Committee Chair), Sandmeier, Trudi (Committee Member), Smith, Jessica L.K. (Committee Member).
Subjects/Keywords: history; historic preservation; Death Valley; mining; borax; archaeology; Ryan; Pacific Coast Borax; Inyo County
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APA (6th Edition):
Ringhoff, M. (2012). Life and work in the Ryan District, Death Valley,
California, 1914-1930: a historic context for a borax mining
community. (Masters Thesis). University of Southern California. Retrieved from http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/204573/rec/3817
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ringhoff, Mary. “Life and work in the Ryan District, Death Valley,
California, 1914-1930: a historic context for a borax mining
community.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Southern California. Accessed March 02, 2021.
http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/204573/rec/3817.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ringhoff, Mary. “Life and work in the Ryan District, Death Valley,
California, 1914-1930: a historic context for a borax mining
community.” 2012. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Ringhoff M. Life and work in the Ryan District, Death Valley,
California, 1914-1930: a historic context for a borax mining
community. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Southern California; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/204573/rec/3817.
Council of Science Editors:
Ringhoff M. Life and work in the Ryan District, Death Valley,
California, 1914-1930: a historic context for a borax mining
community. [Masters Thesis]. University of Southern California; 2012. Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/204573/rec/3817
Portland State University
24.
Sinclair, Donna Lynn.
Contested Visions of Place: People, Power, and Perception on the Columbia's North Shore, 1805-1913.
Degree: MA, History, 2004, Portland State University
URL: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3068
► This is a narrative of place, of intersections between people, power, and perception of landscape. The environs of the Columbia River Gorge create a…
(more)
▼ This is a narrative of place, of intersections between people, power, and perception of landscape. The environs of the Columbia River Gorge create a very distinct sense of place. Where once a series of three rapids - the Cascades of the Columbia - blocked industrial upriver transport, now Bonneville Dam and Locks allows smooth passage. To the north the vast 1.3 million acre Gifford Pinchot National Forest dominates the landscape. On the Columbia's banks lies the town of Stevenson, Washington, with Carson a few miles away, in a transitory ecological zone between east and west, at the forest's edge. There, community development has been manifestly influenced by human relationships to the landscape.
Contested visions of place during the nineteenth century resulted in violent conflict and framed debates over place.Examining struggles over who would control access, first to the Cascades of the Columbia, and then to the timber of the Wind River Valley, provides a venue for examining power - of nature, ideas, and changing human cultures as overlapping groups imposed their views of the good life onto the landscape. As each successive group gained power, the relationships of humans to the land, and to one another, changed.
By examining historic connections between river and forest, and between human communities to each, this study identifies multiple meanings of the same environment for different groups. I use a bioregional approach, exploring relationships between land, people and resources on the Columbia's north bank between 1805 and 1913. Power relations at the Cascades and in the forest were determined through conflict, negotiation, and the federal government, with the human relationship to nature influencing outcomes. Conflict often resulted from struggles over access to place, while human groups negotiated their place within the landscape. Nature privileged one group over another through disease, fire, and human perception, while the United States government co-opted place through public land laws, Indian removal, and by measuring and bounding the landscape. Who gained access to the river and forest of the Columbia's north shore, and how they did it, is the focus of this story.
Advisors/Committee Members: William Lang.
Subjects/Keywords: Columbia River Gorge (Or. and Wash.) – History; Skamania County (Wash.) – History; Gifford Pinchot National Forest (Wash.) – History; History
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APA (6th Edition):
Sinclair, D. L. (2004). Contested Visions of Place: People, Power, and Perception on the Columbia's North Shore, 1805-1913. (Masters Thesis). Portland State University. Retrieved from https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3068
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Sinclair, Donna Lynn. “Contested Visions of Place: People, Power, and Perception on the Columbia's North Shore, 1805-1913.” 2004. Masters Thesis, Portland State University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3068.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Sinclair, Donna Lynn. “Contested Visions of Place: People, Power, and Perception on the Columbia's North Shore, 1805-1913.” 2004. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Sinclair DL. Contested Visions of Place: People, Power, and Perception on the Columbia's North Shore, 1805-1913. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Portland State University; 2004. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3068.
Council of Science Editors:
Sinclair DL. Contested Visions of Place: People, Power, and Perception on the Columbia's North Shore, 1805-1913. [Masters Thesis]. Portland State University; 2004. Available from: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3068
Western Washington University
25.
George, Orion.
GIS investigation of scarps on Slide Mountain, Western Whatcom County, Washington.
Degree: MS, Geology, 2012, Western Washington University
URL: https://doi.org/10.25710/s8st-4a29
;
https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/229
► Scarps can form from active faulting and landsliding. Such scarps can be difficult to differentiate in mountainous regions before expensive field work is done.…
(more)
▼ Scarps can form from active faulting and landsliding. Such scarps can be difficult to differentiate in mountainous regions before expensive field work is done. Remote techniques to differentiate between scarps can help focus research time and money on active tectonic scarps. This study utilizes high resolution topographic data derived from light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and a geographic information system (GIS) to analyze geomorphometric differences between landslide headscarps and active tectonic scarps in western Washington. The study is separated into two distinct phases, a GIS mapping phase and a GIS geomorphic analysis phase. The GIS mapping phase focused on mapping scarps and landslides on LiDAR derived topographic data with GIS and field work on Slide Mountain, in northwestern Washington. A comparison of landslides mapped photogrammetrically by Cashman and Brunengo (2006) and with LiDAR derived topographic data (this study) was also done in this phase. Derivatives of the LiDAR-derived digital elevation model, such as elevation profiles, topographic contours, hill-shaded relief maps, and slope maps, were the primary sources for geomorphometric data. The GIS geomorphic analysis phase used scatter plots and statistical analysis to compare geomorphometric parameters of known active tectonic scarps and landslide headscarps mapped by previous workers in western Washington (Wegmann, 2006; McKenna et al., 2008). Scarps were found to be best differentiated by comparing three morphometric parameters: scarp length, sinuosity, and mean slope within a 30-m buffer. Methods used to analyze known scarps in western Washington were then used for comparison with the features mapped on Slide Mountain. In this study I mapped a total of 41 landslides, spanning 6.7 km2 on LiDAR derived topographic data, compared to 168 landslides and an overall area of 12.5 km2 from photogrammetric mapping (Cashman and Brunengo, 2006). A total of 839 scarps were mapped on Slide Mountain: 468 bedding scarps, 43 joint scarps, 105 landslide scarps, 51 landslide headscarps and 172 of unknown origin. The GIS geomorphic analysis phase of the study shows that landslide headwall scarps and active tectonic scarps plot differently in scatter plots when comparing scarp length, sinuosity, and mean slope within a 30-m buffer. This statistical analysis shows that active fault scarps are longer, straighter, and occur in less steep terrain than landslide headscarps assessed in this study.
Advisors/Committee Members: Schermer, Elizabeth, 1959-, Sherrod, Brian Louis, Linneman, Scott.
Subjects/Keywords: Geology; Landslides – Washington (State) – Slide Mountain (Whatcom County) – Remote sensing; Faults (Geology) – Washington (State) – Slide Mountain (Whatcom County) – Remote sensing; Geographic information systems – Washington (State) – Slide Mountain (Whatcom County); Optical radar – Washington (State) – Slide Mountain (Whatcom County); Slide Mountain (Whatcom County, Wash.); masters theses
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
George, O. (2012). GIS investigation of scarps on Slide Mountain, Western Whatcom County, Washington. (Masters Thesis). Western Washington University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.25710/s8st-4a29 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/229
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
George, Orion. “GIS investigation of scarps on Slide Mountain, Western Whatcom County, Washington.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Western Washington University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.25710/s8st-4a29 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/229.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
George, Orion. “GIS investigation of scarps on Slide Mountain, Western Whatcom County, Washington.” 2012. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
George O. GIS investigation of scarps on Slide Mountain, Western Whatcom County, Washington. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Western Washington University; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/s8st-4a29 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/229.
Council of Science Editors:
George O. GIS investigation of scarps on Slide Mountain, Western Whatcom County, Washington. [Masters Thesis]. Western Washington University; 2012. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/s8st-4a29 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/229
Western Washington University
26.
Schlotterback, Sydney.
Policy Analysis of Water Management: Strategies for Whatcom County, Washington to Address Permit-Exempt Wells in Water-Constrained Watersheds.
Degree: MA, Environmental Studies, 2018, Western Washington University
URL: https://doi.org/10.25710/7nv9-sk21
;
https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/679
► Whatcom County, Washington is currently under pressure to develop a water resource management plan to come into compliance with Washington State law, including recent…
(more)
▼ Whatcom
County, Washington is currently under pressure to develop a water resource management plan to come into compliance with Washington State law, including recent legislation set forth in Engrossed Senate Substitute Bill (ESSB) 6091 (January 18,2018). ESSB 6091 requires Whatcom
County to engage in a planning process to mitigate for water withdrawals for new permit-exempt wells and to ensure that new water users over a twenty-year period do not result in decreased ecological function of instream resources. It responds to the Washington State Supreme Court’s recent decision in
Whatcom County v. Hirst, Futurewise, et al, often referred to as the “
Hirst” case.
Hirst ruled that Whatcom
County failed to protect rural character as required by the GMA because its Comprehensive Plan did not include measures that would adequately protect water quality and quantity. The GMA requires Whatcom
County to contain or otherwise control rural development and protect surface water and groundwater resources. The purpose of this policy analysis is to discuss and compare three policy options that are proposed to Whatcom
County as possible solutions to address the requirements in
Hirst and ESSB 6091. These policy options are the construction of reservoirs to provide water storage capacity, the extension of existing public water supplies to serve areas that do not have such service, and the development of a water banking program. Three criteria will be used to evaluate each policy option: cost-effectiveness, implementation/feasibility, and compliance with law. Of the three options that are commonly proposed answers to Whatcom County’s problems of water shortage and depleted instream flows, water banking is the recommended policy solution. In addition, comprehensive planning and conservation are recommended to help ensure the success of any policy intended to address water scarcity problems. Other options for water resource management likely exist and could be applied to Whatcom
County. Due to research and time limitations, a narrowed focus on three policy options allowed for initial determination of an effective policy solution.
Advisors/Committee Members: Melious, Jean O., Kamel, Nabil, Zaferatos, Nicholas C. (Nicholas Christos).
Subjects/Keywords: Environmental Studies; Water resources development – Government policy – Washington (State) – Whatcom County; Wells – Government policy – Washington (State) – Whatcom County; Water demand management – Government policy – Washington (State) – Whatcom County; Water-supply – Management – Government policy – Washington (State) – Whatcom County; Whatcom County (Wash.); masters theses
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Schlotterback, S. (2018). Policy Analysis of Water Management: Strategies for Whatcom County, Washington to Address Permit-Exempt Wells in Water-Constrained Watersheds. (Masters Thesis). Western Washington University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.25710/7nv9-sk21 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/679
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Schlotterback, Sydney. “Policy Analysis of Water Management: Strategies for Whatcom County, Washington to Address Permit-Exempt Wells in Water-Constrained Watersheds.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Western Washington University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.25710/7nv9-sk21 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/679.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Schlotterback, Sydney. “Policy Analysis of Water Management: Strategies for Whatcom County, Washington to Address Permit-Exempt Wells in Water-Constrained Watersheds.” 2018. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Schlotterback S. Policy Analysis of Water Management: Strategies for Whatcom County, Washington to Address Permit-Exempt Wells in Water-Constrained Watersheds. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Western Washington University; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/7nv9-sk21 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/679.
Council of Science Editors:
Schlotterback S. Policy Analysis of Water Management: Strategies for Whatcom County, Washington to Address Permit-Exempt Wells in Water-Constrained Watersheds. [Masters Thesis]. Western Washington University; 2018. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/7nv9-sk21 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/679
Western Washington University
27.
Pratschner, Stacie Jo Nored.
The Chemicals Between Us: A Geoarchaeological Analysis of a Shell Midden and Patterns of Deposition at the Woodstock Farm Site, Chuckanut Bay, Washington.
Degree: MA, Anthropology, 2018, Western Washington University
URL: https://doi.org/10.25710/dg7r-vf46
;
https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/752
► Human settlement of the Gulf of Georgia region by hunter-forager peoples began nearly 5000 years ago, culminating in the familiar Developed Northwest Coast Pattern…
(more)
▼ Human settlement of the Gulf of Georgia region by hunter-forager peoples began nearly 5000 years ago, culminating in the familiar Developed Northwest Coast Pattern exhibited in many Marpole Phase archaeological sites beginning 2400 years BP throughout the Gulf of Georgia region. The physical remnants of the intensive shellfish collection and processing that took place on the Northwest Coast are in shell midden deposits: archaeological sites that contain an abundance of discarded shell, bones, lithic tools, and charcoal. The preceding Locarno Beach Phase (3500-2400 BP), particularly in the southern Gulf of Georgia region, is less well understood by archaeologists because of the past academic focus on northern Marpole Phase sites. The Woodstock Farm site (45WH55) is a Locarno Beach Phase shell midden located in the southern Gulf of Georgia, adjacent to Chuckanut Bay in Whatcom
County, Washington. Recorded in 1974, the site has been the
subject of three Western Washington University archaeological field schools in 2005, 2007, and 2010, and the shell midden identified on the bluff has been the focus of study for past Anthropology graduate theses at WWU. This thesis applies a program of geoarchaeological analysis, including radiocarbon dating, grain size analysis, magnetic susceptibility, and phosphorous values, to twenty five matrix samples from the approximately 4-square meter exposed beach profile shell midden below the bluff of 45WH55. To date, there has been no geochemical or geophysical lab analysis to help interpret the depositional processes that created the complex stratigraphy that characterizes the exposed shell midden in the beach profile at 45WH55. The numerous ash lenses, layers of burnt shell, and charcoal in the shell midden indicates repeating task-specific activities that are more typical of post-Locarno Beach phases. The purpose of these tests was to describe the human activities that created the distinct and repeating layers by combining macro-level observations of the stratigraphy with micromorphological analysis of the collected midden samples. The goals were to distinguish between depositional processes present in the midden and identify archaeological features related to anthropogenic subsistence activities. The results of the laboratory tests supported the hypothesis that the shell midden is the result of in-situ anthropogenic deposition, and not contemporaneous with the Locarno Beach phase portion of 45WH55 on the upper bluff. The midden yielded later Phase dates between 508 BP and 933 BP, indicating over a thousand years of continued use of 45WH55 for intensive shellfish collection and processing. I detected evidence of hearth reuse, which aligns with the intensive, specialized subsistence activities that are expressed in later Phase archaeological sites throughout the Gulf of Georgia. This research will add to our knowledge about the history of occupation of the Woodstock Farm site.
Advisors/Committee Members: Campbell, Sarah K., Koetje, Todd A., Boxberger, Daniel L., 1950-.
Subjects/Keywords: Anthropology; Kitchen-middens – Washington (State) – Whatcom County; Archaeological geology – Washington (State) – Whatcom County; Paleo-Indians – Food – -Washington (State) – Whatcom County; Indians of North America – Washington (State) – Whatcom County – Antiquities; Whatcom County (Wash.); masters theses
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Pratschner, S. J. N. (2018). The Chemicals Between Us: A Geoarchaeological Analysis of a Shell Midden and Patterns of Deposition at the Woodstock Farm Site, Chuckanut Bay, Washington. (Masters Thesis). Western Washington University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.25710/dg7r-vf46 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/752
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Pratschner, Stacie Jo Nored. “The Chemicals Between Us: A Geoarchaeological Analysis of a Shell Midden and Patterns of Deposition at the Woodstock Farm Site, Chuckanut Bay, Washington.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Western Washington University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.25710/dg7r-vf46 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/752.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Pratschner, Stacie Jo Nored. “The Chemicals Between Us: A Geoarchaeological Analysis of a Shell Midden and Patterns of Deposition at the Woodstock Farm Site, Chuckanut Bay, Washington.” 2018. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Pratschner SJN. The Chemicals Between Us: A Geoarchaeological Analysis of a Shell Midden and Patterns of Deposition at the Woodstock Farm Site, Chuckanut Bay, Washington. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Western Washington University; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/dg7r-vf46 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/752.
Council of Science Editors:
Pratschner SJN. The Chemicals Between Us: A Geoarchaeological Analysis of a Shell Midden and Patterns of Deposition at the Woodstock Farm Site, Chuckanut Bay, Washington. [Masters Thesis]. Western Washington University; 2018. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/dg7r-vf46 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/752
Western Washington University
28.
Klinger, Jesse T. (Jesse Tyler).
The Associations of Epiphytic Macroinvertebrates and Aquatic Macrophytes in Canyon Lake, WA.
Degree: MS, Environmental Sciences, 2018, Western Washington University
URL: https://doi.org/10.25710/0vx4-t265
;
https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/729
► Macroinvertebrate abundances on six dominant macrophytes taxa were compared in Canyon Lake, Washington to determine whether there were patterns of association with macrophyte type…
(more)
▼ Macroinvertebrate abundances on six dominant macrophytes taxa were compared in Canyon Lake, Washington to determine whether there were patterns of association with macrophyte type or among assemblages of macroinvertebrates. Macrophytes and associated epiphytic macroinvertebrates were collected during August 2016. The dominant macrophyte distribution and lakes bathymetry were mapped in July 2016. The dominant macrophytes included
Equisetum fluviatile,
Fontinalis antipyretica,
Potamogeton natans,
Potamogeton epihydrus,
Ranunculus aquatilis, and
Vallisneria americana. Other non-dominant macrophytes included:
Sparganium angustifolium,
Sphagnum mosses,
Nuphar polysepala, Characeae (stonewort),
Isoetes (quillwort) and
Potamogeton pusillus. Macroinvertebrate taxa were identified to the lowest practical taxonomic resolution; the dominant macrophytes were identified to species; other non-dominant macrophytes were identified to the lowest practical resolution.
Water quality samples were collected in June, July and August 2016 and were analyzed for temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, turbidity, alkalinity, chlorophyll, ammonium, nitrate+nitrite, total nitrogen, soluble reactive phosphorus, and total phosphorus. The summer water quality in Canyon Lake was characterized by warm water temperatures (11.4 - 20.2 ◦C) and high dissolved oxygen concentrations (8.6 - 9.9 mg/L) in the upper water column. The lake began to stratify in June, and by late August the dissolved oxygen was < 2 mg/L in the deepest part of the lake. The lake had soft, poorly buffered (< 60 mg-CaCO3 /L), and mildly acidic to near neutral water (pH = 6.6 - 7.2). The phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations were relatively low except in late summer near the bottom of the lake. The lake is stained brown from humic compounds and acids that leach from the extensive submerged and floating woody debris.
A total of 18,509 epiphytic macroinvertebrates were collected, in association with six different macrophyte taxa. Among these, 36 different macroinvertebrate taxa were identified. Basommatophora and Amphipoda constituted the most numerically abundant macroinvertebrate. Emergent and structurally simple macrophytes supported lower abundances of macroinvertebrates; more structurally complex macrophytes supported greater abundances of all macroinvertebrate groups. The simple, un-branched macrophyte Equisetum fluviatile consistently supported the lowest macroinvertebrate abundances; the highly branched and complex Ranunculus aquatilis supported the highest macroinverte brate abundances. Odonata and Trichoptera, which were rare compared to most taxa, were most commonly found among Fontinalis antipyretica, Ranunculus aquatilis, and Potamogeton epihydrus, which were complexly structure macrophytes. Hierarchical clustering on principal components generated two clusters of samples that corresponded best to low and high macroinvertebrate abundances. The remaining…
Advisors/Committee Members: Matthews, Robin A., 1952-, Bodensteiner, Leo R., 1957-, Helfield, James M..
Subjects/Keywords: Environmental Sciences; Invertebrate communities – Washington (State) – Canyon Lake (Whatcom County); Epiphytes – Washington (State) – Canyon Lake (Whatcom County); Aquatic plants – Washington (State) – Canyon Lake (Whatcom County); Lake ecology – Washington (State) – Canyon Lake (Whatcom County); Hierarchical clustering (Cluster analysis); Canyon Lake (Whatcom County, Wash.); masters theses
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APA (6th Edition):
Klinger, J. T. (. T. (2018). The Associations of Epiphytic Macroinvertebrates and Aquatic Macrophytes in Canyon Lake, WA. (Masters Thesis). Western Washington University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.25710/0vx4-t265 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/729
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Klinger, Jesse T (Jesse Tyler). “The Associations of Epiphytic Macroinvertebrates and Aquatic Macrophytes in Canyon Lake, WA.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Western Washington University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.25710/0vx4-t265 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/729.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Klinger, Jesse T (Jesse Tyler). “The Associations of Epiphytic Macroinvertebrates and Aquatic Macrophytes in Canyon Lake, WA.” 2018. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Klinger JT(T. The Associations of Epiphytic Macroinvertebrates and Aquatic Macrophytes in Canyon Lake, WA. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Western Washington University; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/0vx4-t265 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/729.
Council of Science Editors:
Klinger JT(T. The Associations of Epiphytic Macroinvertebrates and Aquatic Macrophytes in Canyon Lake, WA. [Masters Thesis]. Western Washington University; 2018. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/0vx4-t265 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/729
Western Washington University
29.
Deeter, Jerald D.
Quaternary geology and stratigraphy of Kitsap County, Washington.
Degree: MS, Geology, 1979, Western Washington University
URL: https://doi.org/10.25710/t72n-1q64
;
https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/399
► New radiocarbon dates and stratigraphic evidence indicate correlations between stratigraphic units on Whidbey Island and in Kitsap County. Eight new C14 dates and five…
(more)
▼ New radiocarbon dates and stratigraphic evidence indicate correlations between stratigraphic units on Whidbey Island and in Kitsap
County. Eight new C
14 dates and five previous dates, together with the stratigraphic position of units and similarities in their composition, support the concept that the Double Bluff Drift, Whidbey Formation, and possibly Possession Drift, extend south of Whidbey Island into Kitsap
County.
In Kitsap
County, fine-grained floodplain deposits of the Whidbey Formation, with radiocarbon dates beyond the limits of conventional laboratory methods, are located at higher elevations than adjacent floodplain deposits of the Olympia nonglacial interval. This stratigraphic relationship suggest that the Whidbey floodplain was extensively eroded prior to deposition of the Olympia floodplain sediments which are unconformable upon this irregular surface. Thus, Molenaar’s belief that the Kitsap Formation was deposited during the Olympia nonglacial interval and his useage of the term Kitsap Formation for these stratified fine-grained sediments of various ages, is incorrect.
The type locality of the Kitsap Formation, near Maplewood in southeast Kitsap
County, includes a silt and two thin peat units lying between oxidized gravel of a pre-Vashon glaciation that is overlain by fine-grained Olympia sediments. Molenaar interpreted this sequence as a transition from glacial to nonglacial deposition and included the silt, peat, and oxidized gravel in the Kitsap Formation. However, a recent C
14 date obtained from the peat was >40,000 yrs B.P. (WW ), whereas the oldest C
14 date obtained by the author from Olympia sediments elsewhere in Kitsap
County is 36,235 yrs B.P. (U.W. 446). In addition, the arbitrary contact chosen by Molenaar between glacial and nonglacial sediments at Maplewood is not representative of the contact elsewhere in Kitsap
County, and by including the oxidized gravel as part of the Kitsap Formation, he has deviated from the fine-grained nonglacial description originally used in the defining the Formation.
Advisors/Committee Members: Easterbrook, Don J., 1935-, Suczek, Christopher A., 1942-2014, Lehre, Andre K..
Subjects/Keywords: Geology; Geology – Washington (State) – Kitsap County; Kitsap County (Wash.); masters theses
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APA (6th Edition):
Deeter, J. D. (1979). Quaternary geology and stratigraphy of Kitsap County, Washington. (Masters Thesis). Western Washington University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.25710/t72n-1q64 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/399
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Deeter, Jerald D. “Quaternary geology and stratigraphy of Kitsap County, Washington.” 1979. Masters Thesis, Western Washington University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.25710/t72n-1q64 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/399.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Deeter, Jerald D. “Quaternary geology and stratigraphy of Kitsap County, Washington.” 1979. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Deeter JD. Quaternary geology and stratigraphy of Kitsap County, Washington. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Western Washington University; 1979. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/t72n-1q64 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/399.
Council of Science Editors:
Deeter JD. Quaternary geology and stratigraphy of Kitsap County, Washington. [Masters Thesis]. Western Washington University; 1979. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25710/t72n-1q64 ; https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/399
Western Washington University
30.
Hatfield, David M., Jr.
Net Shore-drift of Thurston County, Washington.
Degree: MS, Geology, 1983, Western Washington University
URL: https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/913
► Geomorphic and sedimentologic variations in coastal landforms were used to determine the direction of net shore-drift and delineate the boundaries of drift cells along…
(more)
▼ Geomorphic and sedimentologic variations in coastal landforms were used to determine the direction of net shore-drift and delineate the boundaries of drift cells along 178 kilometers of the southern Puget Sound coast fronting Thurston
County, Washington. The net shore-drift indicators used along the Thurston
County coast were, in descending order of observed frequency, gradation in mean sediment size, beach width, foreshore offsets at drift obstructions, spit development, bluff morphology, beach slope, diversion of stream mouth outlets, plan view of deltas or intertidal fans, oblique bars, beach pads, and identifiable sediment.
Wind from the south-southwest prevails over Thurston
County. Fetch is the major limiting variable in the development of waves along the Thurston
County coast. Because of the abundance of open water channels and fetches oriented sub-parallel to the prevailing wind direction, wind-generated waves that approach from the southwest have the greatest influence on net shore-drift direction. The result is that 76 percent of all net shore-drift along the Thurston
County coast has a northward vector component and 24 percent has a southward vector component.
Seventy-five drift cells have been identified and described along 52 percent (92 kilometers) of the Thurston
County coast. Areas with no appreciable net shore-drift comprise about 42 percent (74 kilometers) of the coast. The remainder of the coast (approximately 12 kilometers) consists of zones of divergent net shore-drift.
Human modification of the Thurston
County coast interrupts the process of shore drift and alters net shore-drift patterns. Modified areas include Olympia Harbor and numerous small-boat marinas and oyster farms developed along the coast. Shore defense structures such as bulkheads and groins are reducing or eliminating wave erosion of bluff material as a source of beach sediment available for shore drift.
Advisors/Committee Members: Schwartz, Maurice L., Babcock, R. Scott (Randall Scott), Suczek, Christopher A., 1942-2014.
Subjects/Keywords: Geology; Littoral drift – Washington (State) – Thurston County; Thurston County (Wash.); masters theses
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Hatfield, David M., J. (1983). Net Shore-drift of Thurston County, Washington. (Masters Thesis). Western Washington University. Retrieved from https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/913
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hatfield, David M., Jr. “Net Shore-drift of Thurston County, Washington.” 1983. Masters Thesis, Western Washington University. Accessed March 02, 2021.
https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/913.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hatfield, David M., Jr. “Net Shore-drift of Thurston County, Washington.” 1983. Web. 02 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Hatfield, David M. J. Net Shore-drift of Thurston County, Washington. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Western Washington University; 1983. [cited 2021 Mar 02].
Available from: https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/913.
Council of Science Editors:
Hatfield, David M. J. Net Shore-drift of Thurston County, Washington. [Masters Thesis]. Western Washington University; 1983. Available from: https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/913
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