subject:(Optical diagnostics)

Texas A&M University

1. McManamen, Brianne Taylor. Velocity and Temperature Measurements in a High Mach Number Shock-Turbulence Interaction.

Degree: PhD, Aerospace Engineering, 2019, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/188775

► Shock wave turbulence interactions are important problems with ubiquitous applications in high-speed flight and propulsion. The complex physical processes during the interaction are not fully… (more)

▼ Shock wave turbulence interactions are important problems with ubiquitous applications in high-speed flight and propulsion. The complex physical processes during the interaction are not fully understood, where contemporary high-fidelity numerical simulations have brought into question classical linear interaction analyses (LIA). The differences are most pronounced at high Mach number (>2). The objective of this study was to experimentally examine the role of a normal shock wave on the modification of velocity and temperature fluctuations to provide an empirical basis to help close the emerging knowledge gap between classical and contemporary theories. The experiments were performed in a pulsed wind tunnel facility at Mach 4.4. The freestream disturbances provided the test-bed for the study, where the Taylor Reynolds numbers (Reλ) were varied over a range of 80 to 170. The pulsed operation enabled sufficiently large statistical samples. A Mach stem normal shock was generated through the interaction of two mirrored oblique shock waves. Molecular tagging velocimetry and two-line planar laser induced fluorescence thermometry were conducted upstream and downstream of the normal shock wave and the fluctuating intensities were compared. The measured axial velocity fluctuation amplification factor (⟨UDS^ 2 ⟩ / ⟨ UF S^′2 ⟩) was nominally 1.1-1.2 over the Reynolds number range tested. The measured values were consistent with LIA. The temperature fluctuation amplification factor [(⟨TDS ′2 ⟩ / ⟨TDS⟩² ) / (⟨TF S^′2 ⟩ / ⟨TF S⟩² )]¹/2 was found to vary between 3.0-4.5, where the lowest Reynolds number condition saw the highest freestream disturbances and largest amplification. The freestream fluctuations were primarily in the entropic mode, which is believed to lead to the significantly higher amplification of the entropic mode reported in these measurements. Advisors/Committee Members: Bowersox, Rodney (advisor), Donzis, Diego (committee member), White, Edward (committee member), North, Simon (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Shock-Turbulence Interaction; optical diagnostics; hypersonics

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APA (6^th Edition):

McManamen, B. T. (2019). Velocity and Temperature Measurements in a High Mach Number Shock-Turbulence Interaction. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/188775

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

McManamen, Brianne Taylor. “Velocity and Temperature Measurements in a High Mach Number Shock-Turbulence Interaction.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/188775.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

McManamen, Brianne Taylor. “Velocity and Temperature Measurements in a High Mach Number Shock-Turbulence Interaction.” 2019. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

McManamen BT. Velocity and Temperature Measurements in a High Mach Number Shock-Turbulence Interaction. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/188775.

Council of Science Editors:

McManamen BT. Velocity and Temperature Measurements in a High Mach Number Shock-Turbulence Interaction. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/188775

Loughborough University

2. Jin, Yong-Hua. Optical investigations of cavitation.

Degree: PhD, 1995, Loughborough University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2134/27390

► This doctoral thesis describes the investigation carried out by the author in pursuit of a better understanding of the mechanism of cavitation. To create cavitation… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: 535; Optical diagnostics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jin, Y. (1995). Optical investigations of cavitation. (Doctoral Dissertation). Loughborough University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2134/27390

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jin, Yong-Hua. “Optical investigations of cavitation.” 1995. Doctoral Dissertation, Loughborough University. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2134/27390.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jin, Yong-Hua. “Optical investigations of cavitation.” 1995. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Jin Y. Optical investigations of cavitation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Loughborough University; 1995. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2134/27390.

Council of Science Editors:

Jin Y. Optical investigations of cavitation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Loughborough University; 1995. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2134/27390

Virginia Tech

3. Wu, Yue. 4D combustion and flow diagnostics based on tomographic chemiluminescence (TC) and volumetric laser-induced fluorescence (VLIF).

Degree: PhD, Aerospace Engineering, 2016, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73554

► Optical diagnostics have become indispensable tools for the study of turbulent flows and flames. However, optical diagnostics developed in the past have been primarily limited… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Optical diagnostics; Tomography; Laser-induced fluorescence

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wu, Y. (2016). 4D combustion and flow diagnostics based on tomographic chemiluminescence (TC) and volumetric laser-induced fluorescence (VLIF). (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73554

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wu, Yue. “4D combustion and flow diagnostics based on tomographic chemiluminescence (TC) and volumetric laser-induced fluorescence (VLIF).” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73554.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wu, Yue. “4D combustion and flow diagnostics based on tomographic chemiluminescence (TC) and volumetric laser-induced fluorescence (VLIF).” 2016. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Wu Y. 4D combustion and flow diagnostics based on tomographic chemiluminescence (TC) and volumetric laser-induced fluorescence (VLIF). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73554.

Council of Science Editors:

Wu Y. 4D combustion and flow diagnostics based on tomographic chemiluminescence (TC) and volumetric laser-induced fluorescence (VLIF). [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73554

4. Xu, Wenjiang. Three Dimensional Laser Diagnostics for Turbulent Flows and Flames.

Degree: PhD, Aerospace Engineering, 2017, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79912

► Due to their scientific significance and practical applications, turbulent flows and flames have been under extensive and intensive research for a long time. Turbulent flows… (more)

▼ Due to their scientific significance and practical applications, turbulent flows and flames have been under extensive and intensive research for a long time. Turbulent flows and flames of interests to practice inherently have three-dimensional (3D) spatial structures, and therefore diagnostic techniques that can instantaneously resolve their 3D spatial features have long been desired and probably are needed to ultimately answer some of the open research questions. The goal of this dissertation thus is to investigate such diagnostics and demonstrate their capability and limitations in a range of turbulent flows/flames. To accomplish this goal, this dissertation developed and evaluated the following three diagnostic methods: tomographic chemiluminescence (TC), volumetric laser induced fluorescence (VLIF), and super-resolution planar laser induced fluorescence (SR-PLIF). First, 3D flame topography of well-controlled laboratory flames was measured with TC method and validated by a simultaneous 2D Mie scattering measurement. The results showed that the flame topography obtained from TC and the Mie scattering agreed qualitatively, but quantitative difference on the order of millimeter was observed between these two methods. Such difference was caused by the limitations of the TC method. The first limitation involves TC's reliance on chemiluminescence of nascent radicals (mainly CH*) in reacting flows, causing ambiguity in the definition of flame front and limiting its applications to certain types of reactive flow only. The second limitation involves TC's inability to study an isolated region of interest because the chemiluminescence is emitted everywhere in the flame. Based on the above understanding of the TC technique, the second part of this dissertation studied a VLIF method to overcome the above limitations of the TC technique. Compared with the TC technique, the VLIF method can be used in either reacting or non-reacting flow and on any particular region of interest. In the VLIF technique, the fluorescence signal was generated by exciting a target species with a laser slab of certain thickness. The signal was recorded by cameras from different perspectives, and then a VLIF tomographic algorithm was applied to resolve the spatial distribution of the concentration of the target species. An innovative 3D VLIF algorithm was proposed and validated by well-designed experiment. This model enables analysis of VLIF performance in terms of signal level, size of the field of view in 3D, and accuracy. However, due to the limited number of views and the tomographic reconstruction itself, the spatial resolution of VLIF methods is limited. Hence, the third part of this dissertation investigated a SR-PLIF method to provide a strategy to improve the spatial resolution in two spatial directions, and also to extend the measurement range of scanning 3D imaging strategies. The SR-PLIF method used planar images captured simultaneously from two (or more) orientations to reconstruct a final image with resolution enhanced or blurring… Advisors/Committee Members: Ma, Lin (committeechair), Lowe, Kevin T. (committee member), Philen, Michael K. (committee member), Xiao, Heng (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Optical diagnostics; Tomography; Laser induced fluorescence

11 more images…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Xu, W. (2017). Three Dimensional Laser Diagnostics for Turbulent Flows and Flames. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79912

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Xu, Wenjiang. “Three Dimensional Laser Diagnostics for Turbulent Flows and Flames.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79912.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Xu, Wenjiang. “Three Dimensional Laser Diagnostics for Turbulent Flows and Flames.” 2017. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Xu W. Three Dimensional Laser Diagnostics for Turbulent Flows and Flames. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79912.

Council of Science Editors:

Xu W. Three Dimensional Laser Diagnostics for Turbulent Flows and Flames. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79912

Colorado School of Mines

5. Wheeler, Jeffrey L. Spectroscopic and optical diagnostics for investigations of liquid electrolytes.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2016, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170332

► In this work, optical diagnostics are developed to investigate the electrochemical reactions and materials limitations of new battery technologies through in-situ and in-operando identification of… (more)

▼ In this work, optical diagnostics are developed to investigate the electrochemical reactions and materials limitations of new battery technologies through in-situ and in-operando identification of species and measurements of species concentrations in liquid electrolytes. Room Temperature Ionic Liquids (RTILs) are a promising type of new electrolyte material. RTILs have large electrochemical windows, low vapor pressures, and higher thermal stabilities than many organic electrolytes. The physical and electrochemical properties of RTILs are highly dependent on purity of the RTIL, and as a result considerable expense is added to the synthesis process by purification steps. Here, the first quantitative optical diagnostics are presented for heated RTILs. These quantitative spectra are used to make in-situ spectroscopic measurements of the rate of decomposition of heated [EMIM][EtSO4]. This study is the first in-situ optical investigation of the thermal breakdown of RTILs. Quantitative UV-vis spectral data of [EMIM][TFSI] and a common impurity, MIM, were applied to develop an low-cost optical sensor to provide process control for the industrial production of [EMIM][TFSI]. Custom hardware was constructed and tested in order to establish a calibration curve and limit of detection for the sensor. Quantitative spectroscopic techniques were also applied to measurements in a Na-Cu-I- battery. Quantum chemical calculations were performed to estimate the UV-vis absorption spectrum of the CuI2- ion. A custom optically accessible transmission cell has been designed and tested using both electrochemical methods and UV-vis spectroscopy. The quantitative spectral data are used to develop optical diagnostics for in-operando quantitative measurements of species concentrations in the cell. Comparison of the optical concentration measurements and the cell current reveals the formation of CuI2- is slow compared to the formation of CuI. Advisors/Committee Members: Porter, Jason M. (advisor), Kee, R. J. (committee member), Dreyer, Christopher B. (committee member), Maupin, C. Mark (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: diagnostics; electrolytes; Instrumentation; optical sensing; spectroscopy

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wheeler, J. L. (2016). Spectroscopic and optical diagnostics for investigations of liquid electrolytes. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170332

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wheeler, Jeffrey L. “Spectroscopic and optical diagnostics for investigations of liquid electrolytes.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170332.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wheeler, Jeffrey L. “Spectroscopic and optical diagnostics for investigations of liquid electrolytes.” 2016. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Wheeler JL. Spectroscopic and optical diagnostics for investigations of liquid electrolytes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170332.

Council of Science Editors:

Wheeler JL. Spectroscopic and optical diagnostics for investigations of liquid electrolytes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170332

University of Sydney

6. Singh, Gajendra. Atomization and Combustion Characterization of Sprays .

Degree: 2020, University of Sydney

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2123/23135

► This thesis presents an extensive study of turbulent air-blasted sprays aimed at advancing the current understanding of the atomization and the turbulent combustion of dense… (more)

▼ This thesis presents an extensive study of turbulent air-blasted sprays aimed at advancing the current understanding of the atomization and the turbulent combustion of dense sprays. The burner employed controls the spray quality by recessing the liquid-injecting needle inside the air-blast tube to transition the spray from dilute to dense. A pilot is used to stabilize the flame to the burner which is sitting in a co-flowing stream of secondary air. Three fuels, acetone, ethanol, and biodiesel, are used to generate several sprays that cover a broad range of non-dimensional numbers. Probability distributions of wavelength and amplitude of instabilities forming on coaxial air-blast atomizers are measured directly using high-speed shadowgraphs (or back-lit microscopic imaging), in a range of cases that investigate the independent effects of a suite of parameters. The influence of jet velocity and gas velocity on the initiation and growth of jet instabilities is discussed. The range of mechanisms governing the formation of liquid fragments and their relation to surface instabilities is discussed. Previous work suggested that the mean wavelength scales with the boundary layer thickness. This is confirmed here and extended to demonstrate that the wavelength probability distribution correlates well with the ligament length probability distribution. This establishes a direct link between interfacial instabilities and ligament formation in air-assisted primary atomization. The complete structure of atomizing liquid fragments is analyzed by employing multi-dimensional visualization techniques and advanced image processing, where objects from multiple views are matched to extract three-dimensional information. An in-house MATLAB script is developed to extract the spray volume, which employs the principle of image discretization, where each image is divided into a number of slices, and the individual slice from each camera is matched to compute the liquid volume fraction in each image. The volume of individual objects is calculated based on their planar area and orientation. An error analysis is performed using dozens of three-dimensional virtual models of fragment-like shapes with a known volume. Local characteristics of atomizing fragments are discussed by using the information obtained through the slicing method. A detailed account of fragment statistics are provided for the atomizing sprays. The LIF-OH-CH2O technique is used to measure the product of OH and CH2O ([OH]*[CH2O]) and hence the heat release zones in turbulent, moderately dense spray flames of ethanol and biodiesel fuels. A combination of several filters is used to remove interference from droplet luminosity. Mie scattering is measured jointly on a separate camera to locate the droplets with respect to the reaction zones. It is found that while the overall flame structure is similar to that of a diffusion flame. Structures referred to as burning rings of different sizes are observed, and these are ignited by heat source before they grow, propagate, and burnout.…

Subjects/Keywords: Spray; Combustion; Atomization; Instabilities; Optical Diagnostics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Singh, G. (2020). Atomization and Combustion Characterization of Sprays . (Thesis). University of Sydney. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2123/23135

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Singh, Gajendra. “Atomization and Combustion Characterization of Sprays .” 2020. Thesis, University of Sydney. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/23135.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Singh, Gajendra. “Atomization and Combustion Characterization of Sprays .” 2020. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Singh G. Atomization and Combustion Characterization of Sprays . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Sydney; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2123/23135.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Singh G. Atomization and Combustion Characterization of Sprays . [Thesis]. University of Sydney; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2123/23135

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

7. Kaddouri, Farah. Développement de diagnostics optiques avancés pour l'étude de la cinétique ultrarapide de production d'oxygène par décharge nanoseconde dans l'air à pression atmosphérique : Development of advanced optical diagnostics for the study of ultrafast kinetics of oxygen production by nanosecond discharges in atmospheric pressure air.

Degree: Docteur es, Energétique, 2011, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2011ECAP0035

►

Un grand nombre d’applications de plasmas à pression atmosphérique sont en développement. Une obtention de plasma à haute réactivité chimique pour un faible coût énergétique… (more)

▼

Un grand nombre d’applications de plasmas à pression atmosphérique sont en développement. Une obtention de plasma à haute réactivité chimique pour un faible coût énergétique est possible par l’utilisation de décharges nanosecondes répétitivement pulsées (DNRP).Cette recherche concerne plus particulièrement l’effet des NRPD en combustion assistée par plasma. Cette dernière permet l’utilisation de flammes pauvres, qui produisent moins de NOx et qui sont par conséquent moins polluantes.Pour comprendre les phénomènes physico-chimiques qui régissent les NRPD, différents diagnostiques optiques et mesures électriques ont étaient mis en place.L’efficacité de la combustion est très sensible à l’oxygène atomique (O). Nous avons présumé dans nos travaux que la production de cette oxygène ce faisant via un mécanisme a deux étapes où l’azote de l’air produis par impact électronique de l’azote excité aux états (A,B,C), qui réagis ensuite avec l’oxygène moléculaire donnant de l’oxygène atomique.Les densités d’états excités N2(B) et N2(C) on été déterminées par spectroscopie d’émission. L’état N2(A) est lui mesure par spectroscopie d’absorption en cavité résonnante. L’évolution de la concentration de l’oxygène atomique est déterminée par TALIF et on a noté jusqu'à 50% de dissociation de l’oxygène moléculaire en oxygène atomique. Des mesures résolues spatialement et temporellement ont été effectuées. L’élévation de la température du gaz dans la décharge a été établie. Des mesures électrique de tension et de courant ont permis l’estimation de l’énergie déposée par pulse.En résume ses mesures nous ont permis de mieux comprendre et de caractériser une DNRP dans l’air. Le fait que les temps de décroissance et les valeurs de l’évolution des concentrations des états excités de l’azote coïncident avec ceux de la production de l’oxygène atomique et que le gaz voit sa température s’élever de quelques centaines de degrés tendent à valider le mécanisme à deux étapes proposé.

In the last decade, nanosecond repetitively pulsed discharges (NRPD) had became very popular, because they allow to produce high electron densities and active species for an energy efficiency unequalled in air at atmospheric pressure.This thesis targets more particularly the effect of the NRP discharges in plasma-assisted combustion. NRP discharges can stabilize low temperature flames, which produce fewer NOx and are consequently less polluting. Few studies have investigated the mechanism of action of the plasma on flames.We have studied the kinetic mechanism of the atomic oxygen production, known as “two-step” or “ultrafast” mechanism. Where the nitrogen excited states (states A3Su,+, B3Pg, C3Pu) produced by electron impact during the 10ns-pulse dissociate oxygen with a heat release.To this end, various optical diagnostic techniques and electrical measurements, with time and space resolution of nanoseconds and hundreds of micrometers, have been set up.Densities of the excited states N2(B) and N2(C) have been determined by quantitative emission spectroscopy. The density…

Advisors/Committee Members: Laux, Christophe (thesis director).

Subjects/Keywords: Mécanisme ultra-rapide; Pression atmosphérique; Diagnostics optiques; Ultra-fast mechanism; Atmospheric pressure; Optical diagnostics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kaddouri, F. (2011). Développement de diagnostics optiques avancés pour l'étude de la cinétique ultrarapide de production d'oxygène par décharge nanoseconde dans l'air à pression atmosphérique : Development of advanced optical diagnostics for the study of ultrafast kinetics of oxygen production by nanosecond discharges in atmospheric pressure air. (Doctoral Dissertation). Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2011ECAP0035

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kaddouri, Farah. “Développement de diagnostics optiques avancés pour l'étude de la cinétique ultrarapide de production d'oxygène par décharge nanoseconde dans l'air à pression atmosphérique : Development of advanced optical diagnostics for the study of ultrafast kinetics of oxygen production by nanosecond discharges in atmospheric pressure air.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECAP0035.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kaddouri, Farah. “Développement de diagnostics optiques avancés pour l'étude de la cinétique ultrarapide de production d'oxygène par décharge nanoseconde dans l'air à pression atmosphérique : Development of advanced optical diagnostics for the study of ultrafast kinetics of oxygen production by nanosecond discharges in atmospheric pressure air.” 2011. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Kaddouri F. Développement de diagnostics optiques avancés pour l'étude de la cinétique ultrarapide de production d'oxygène par décharge nanoseconde dans l'air à pression atmosphérique : Development of advanced optical diagnostics for the study of ultrafast kinetics of oxygen production by nanosecond discharges in atmospheric pressure air. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2011ECAP0035.

Council of Science Editors:

Kaddouri F. Développement de diagnostics optiques avancés pour l'étude de la cinétique ultrarapide de production d'oxygène par décharge nanoseconde dans l'air à pression atmosphérique : Development of advanced optical diagnostics for the study of ultrafast kinetics of oxygen production by nanosecond discharges in atmospheric pressure air. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris; 2011. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2011ECAP0035

University of Lund

8. Lind, Ted. Application and Development of Optical Soot Diagnostic Techniques.

Degree: 2018, University of Lund

URL: https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/02d41789-bc06-4ce0-93fd-3017880c8f37 ; https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/54869105/Ted_Lind_Energivetenskaper_Digital_version_no_articles.pdf

► Internal combustion engines (ICE) have been a vital part of society ever since their inception more than a hundred years ago. While initially it seemed… (more)

▼ Internal combustion engines (ICE) have been a vital part of society ever since their inception more than a hundred years ago. While initially it seemed as if the replacement of horse and carriage had solved the issue with pollutant emissions, it became evident in the 60’s that emission from ICEs is a major concern. The first emissions in focus were the nitrogen oxides (NOx). Lately, however, focus has shifted towards emissions which affect the global warming trends. The two worst pollutants, with respect to global warming, are carbon dioxide and soot. The main focus of this thesis is the study of soot processes in optical diesel engines as well as development of optical soot diagnostics. While the diesel engine is favoured due to its high fuel efficiency, and therefore low CO2 emissions, it does suffer from higher soot emissions than the spark ignition engine. Soot emission is the net result of two competing processes; soot formation and soot oxidation. Soot oxidation processes have previously been shown to determine the trends of soot emissions for conventional diesel combustion and for that reason this thesis puts more focus on these. Another known fact is that injections of fuel after the main injection, so called post injections, have been shown to reduce soot emissions. However, exactly how this works is not clear. In this thesis we elucidate the mechanisms of post injection soot reduction with the use of a novel soot diagnostic technique called diffuse back-illumination extinction imaging. Using this technique it is revealed that one of the reasons behind the soot reduction of post injections is that most or all of the soot that is formed by a short post injection is also oxidized, thus leading to no net emissions. The oxidation process is especially enhanced due to the increased mixing which occurs in the jet as the injector closes. Lastly, a new soot thermometry technique based on the DBI technique is developed. By directly measuring the amount of soot within a flame with an active technique such as DBI, many of the uncertainties associated with conventional optical thermometry techniques such as two color pyrometry can be avoided.

Subjects/Keywords: Engineering and Technology; Soot, Soot diagnostics, Soot oxidation, Extinction Imaging, Soot thermometry, Optical diagnostics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lind, T. (2018). Application and Development of Optical Soot Diagnostic Techniques. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Lund. Retrieved from https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/02d41789-bc06-4ce0-93fd-3017880c8f37 ; https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/54869105/Ted_Lind_Energivetenskaper_Digital_version_no_articles.pdf

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lind, Ted. “Application and Development of Optical Soot Diagnostic Techniques.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Lund. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/02d41789-bc06-4ce0-93fd-3017880c8f37 ; https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/54869105/Ted_Lind_Energivetenskaper_Digital_version_no_articles.pdf.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lind, Ted. “Application and Development of Optical Soot Diagnostic Techniques.” 2018. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Lind T. Application and Development of Optical Soot Diagnostic Techniques. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Lund; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/02d41789-bc06-4ce0-93fd-3017880c8f37 ; https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/54869105/Ted_Lind_Energivetenskaper_Digital_version_no_articles.pdf.

Council of Science Editors:

Lind T. Application and Development of Optical Soot Diagnostic Techniques. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Lund; 2018. Available from: https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/02d41789-bc06-4ce0-93fd-3017880c8f37 ; https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/54869105/Ted_Lind_Energivetenskaper_Digital_version_no_articles.pdf

The Ohio State University

9. Goldberg, Benjamin M. Electric Field Measurements in Non-Equilibrium ElectricDischarge Plasmas Using Picosecond Four-Wave Mixing.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2015, The Ohio State University

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1449236861

► This dissertation presents the results of development of a picosecond four wave mixing technique and its use for electric field measurements in nanosecond pulse discharges.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Mechanical Engineering; Optical diagnostics, Electric Field Measurements, Plasma Diagnostics, Four Wave Mixing, Nanosecond Pulse Discharge

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APA (6^th Edition):

Goldberg, B. M. (2015). Electric Field Measurements in Non-Equilibrium ElectricDischarge Plasmas Using Picosecond Four-Wave Mixing. (Doctoral Dissertation). The Ohio State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1449236861

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Goldberg, Benjamin M. “Electric Field Measurements in Non-Equilibrium ElectricDischarge Plasmas Using Picosecond Four-Wave Mixing.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, The Ohio State University. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1449236861.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Goldberg, Benjamin M. “Electric Field Measurements in Non-Equilibrium ElectricDischarge Plasmas Using Picosecond Four-Wave Mixing.” 2015. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Goldberg BM. Electric Field Measurements in Non-Equilibrium ElectricDischarge Plasmas Using Picosecond Four-Wave Mixing. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1449236861.

Council of Science Editors:

Goldberg BM. Electric Field Measurements in Non-Equilibrium ElectricDischarge Plasmas Using Picosecond Four-Wave Mixing. [Doctoral Dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 2015. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1449236861

10. Biasiori-Poulanges, Luc. Fragmentation aérodynamique d’une goutte liquide induite par une onde de choc plane : Shock-Induced Aerodynamic Fragmentation of a Liquid Droplet.

Degree: Docteur es, Energétique, thermique, combustion, 2021, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2021ESMA0002

►

Ce travail de thèse propose une description originale de la fragmentation aérodynamique d’une goutte d’eau, induite par une onde de choc plane, pour des régimes… (more)

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Ce travail de thèse propose une description originale de la fragmentation aérodynamique d’une goutte d’eau, induite par une onde de choc plane, pour des régimes à la frontière entre les modes gouvernés par l’instabilité de Rayleigh-Taylor et ceux dominés par l’instabilité de Kelvin-Helmholtz. Un banc expérimental composé d’un tube à choc couplé à des diagnostics d’imagerie rapide est exploité pour caractériser les processus de fragmentation. Les résultats expérimentaux sont complétés par des simulations numériques réalisées à partir du code multiphasique compressible open-source ECOGEN. L’effet de l’onde de choc sur la goutte est évalué grâce à une modélisation théorique basée sur l’acoustique géométrique permettant de décrire la dynamique spatio-temporelle des réflexions d’onde à l’intérieur de la goutte et de prédire le lieu des points de plus haute densité d’énergie. Le champ de pression est résolu à partir de simulations numériques qui indiquent que la tension de rupture de l’eau est atteinte pour une onde de choc évoluant à un nombre de Mach de 1.7. Dès lors, un processus de cavitation dont les conséquences sur la dynamique de la fragmentation pourraient être significatives, est possible. Concernant la dynamique interfaciale, les expériences comme les simulations révèlent le développement d’une perturbation azimutale transverse à l’origine d’une structure ligamentaire périodique. Une analyse de Fourier des résultats numériques 3-D suggère que l’initiation de cette déstabilisation est indépendante des effets capillaires, à l’inverse de sa croissance. La dynamique ligamentaire apparaît être un processus cyclique dont la fréquence est celle du lâché de vortex dans le sillage del a goutte. Ce schéma récurrent cesse après quatre cycles. Il s’en suit alors la perte de l’intégrité structurelle du corps résiduel de la goutte des suites du développement d’une cavité gazeuse, dans le liquide, qui agit comme une région de fragilité et donc, facilite la fragmentation.

This thesis proposed a groundbreaking description of the shock-induced aerodynamic fragmentation of a water droplet at the transition of the Rayleigh-Taylor Piercing and the Shear-Induced Entrainment regimes. An experimental facility consisting of a shock tube and high-speed imaging diagnostics is used to investigate the fragmentation processes. Experimental results are supported with numerical simulations performed with the open-source code ECOGEN dedicated to multiphase compressible flows. The shock wave effect on the droplet is assessed by a theoretical modelling based on geometrical acoustics which allows for the description of the wave spatio-temporal dynamics and enables to predict the time-dependent location of the highest energy density. Pressure fields are determined using numerical simulations. It appears that the water tensile rupture is reached for a shock wave Mach number of 1.7 from which bubble cloud cavitation may occur by causing signification changes in the fragmentation dynamics. As regards to the interfacial dynamics, both experiments…

Advisors/Committee Members: Chinnayya, Ashwin (thesis director), El-Rabii, Hazem (thesis director).

Subjects/Keywords: Fragmentation aérodynamique; Acoustique géométrique; Diagnostics optiques; Aerodynamical fragmentation; Geometrical acoustics; Optical diagnostics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Biasiori-Poulanges, L. (2021). Fragmentation aérodynamique d’une goutte liquide induite par une onde de choc plane : Shock-Induced Aerodynamic Fragmentation of a Liquid Droplet. (Doctoral Dissertation). Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2021ESMA0002

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Biasiori-Poulanges, Luc. “Fragmentation aérodynamique d’une goutte liquide induite par une onde de choc plane : Shock-Induced Aerodynamic Fragmentation of a Liquid Droplet.” 2021. Doctoral Dissertation, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ESMA0002.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Biasiori-Poulanges, Luc. “Fragmentation aérodynamique d’une goutte liquide induite par une onde de choc plane : Shock-Induced Aerodynamic Fragmentation of a Liquid Droplet.” 2021. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Biasiori-Poulanges L. Fragmentation aérodynamique d’une goutte liquide induite par une onde de choc plane : Shock-Induced Aerodynamic Fragmentation of a Liquid Droplet. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique; 2021. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2021ESMA0002.

Council of Science Editors:

Biasiori-Poulanges L. Fragmentation aérodynamique d’une goutte liquide induite par une onde de choc plane : Shock-Induced Aerodynamic Fragmentation of a Liquid Droplet. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique; 2021. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2021ESMA0002

University of New South Wales

11. Le, Minh Khoi. Understanding the development of a reacting fuel jet inside an automotive-size diesel engine using optical and laser-based diagnostics.

Degree: Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, 2015, University of New South Wales

URL: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/55272 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:37004/SOURCE02?view=true

► The fuel penetration and reacting diesel jet development have been studied in a small-bore optical engine to improve the understanding of a swirl-influenced, wall-interacting diesel… (more)

▼ The fuel penetration and reacting diesel jet development have been studied in a small-bore optical engine to improve the understanding of a swirl-influenced, wall-interacting diesel flame. The optical access to the engine combustion chamber was made possible via multiple quartz windows positioned in a cylindrical piston bowl and cylinder liner. Using the common-rail fuel injection system of the engine, the fuel injection was executed for long duration, creating negative ignition dwell conditions in which the start of combustion occurs before the end of injection. A single-hole nozzle was used to isolate the jet-wall interaction from jet-jet interactions while limiting the in-cylinder pressure below the burst-pressure of quartz windows. Planar laser-induced fluorescence imaging of hydroxyl (OH-PLIF), fuel-PLIF, and line-of-sight integrated chemiluminescence imaging were performed for various combustion stages identified by the in-cylinder pressure traces and apparent heat release rates. These include stages of vaporising fuel penetration, low-temperature reaction, and high-temperature reaction. The fuel-PLIF images show that the fuel penetration was strongly influenced by a swirl flow with the wall-jet penetration on the up-swirl side being shorter than that of the down-swirl jet. During the low-temperature reaction, cool flame chemiluminescence appears in the wall-jet head region. Interestingly, this region is where a turbulent ring-vortex is formed due to jet-wall interactions, suggesting that locally enhanced mixing induced the first-stage ignition. The OH-PLIF images show that the second-stage, high-temperature reaction starts to occur and then expand drastically in the same wall-jet head region. Since the reaction occurs in the wall-jet region, the swirl flow impacts the high-temperature reaction significantly, as evidenced by more intense OH signals in the down-swirl jet. This is due to the influence of the swirl flow on the mixing process, leading to relatively richer mixtures on the down-swirl side. Upon the end of fuel injection, the heat release rate declines and the OH-PLIF signals slowly diminish.How the variation in injection pressure influences the combustion processes of a wall-interacting diesel jet has also been investigated. The cool-flame images together with the apparent heat release rate suggest that the low-temperature reaction still emerges from the wall-interacting jet head region but it becomes stronger with increasing injection pressure due to the better air-fuel mixing at the enhanced turbulent ring-vortex. The influence of in-cylinder swirl flow on the OH* chemiluminescence signals was again observed such that the high-temperature reaction in the down-swirl side of the jet occurs earlier than that in the up-swirl side of the jet regardless of the injection pressure. Moreover, the second-stage ignition on the down-swirl side of the jet is also found to be stronger than the up-swirl side of the jet initially. However, as the injection pressure increases and the high temperature reaction… Advisors/Committee Members: Kook, Sanghoon, Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW.

Subjects/Keywords: Laser diagnostics; Optical engine; Engine combustion; OH-PLIF; Soot-PLII; Optical diagnostics; Diesel engine; Diesel jet development

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APA (6^th Edition):

Le, M. K. (2015). Understanding the development of a reacting fuel jet inside an automotive-size diesel engine using optical and laser-based diagnostics. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New South Wales. Retrieved from http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/55272 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:37004/SOURCE02?view=true

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Le, Minh Khoi. “Understanding the development of a reacting fuel jet inside an automotive-size diesel engine using optical and laser-based diagnostics.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New South Wales. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/55272 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:37004/SOURCE02?view=true.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Le, Minh Khoi. “Understanding the development of a reacting fuel jet inside an automotive-size diesel engine using optical and laser-based diagnostics.” 2015. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Le MK. Understanding the development of a reacting fuel jet inside an automotive-size diesel engine using optical and laser-based diagnostics. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/55272 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:37004/SOURCE02?view=true.

Council of Science Editors:

Le MK. Understanding the development of a reacting fuel jet inside an automotive-size diesel engine using optical and laser-based diagnostics. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2015. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/55272 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:37004/SOURCE02?view=true

Duke University

12. Steelman, Zachary Andrew. Novel Instrumentation for Optical Screening of Epithelial Dysplasia .

Degree: 2020, Duke University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10161/21459

► Cancer, despite its status as the second leading cause of death worldwide, is often preventable given proper surveillance and timely intervention. In the esophagus,… (more)

▼ Cancer, despite its status as the second leading cause of death worldwide, is often preventable given proper surveillance and timely intervention. In the esophagus, metaplastic changes linked to reflux disease lead to alterations in cellular DNA, abnormal growth, and eventually, metastatic cancer. Fortunately, this process takes place over a period of several years, during which treatment and eradication of the precancerous lesions is possible if discovered at a sufficiently early time. Current protocols for surveillance of the esophagus are costly and limited. As an alternative, angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry (a/LCI) is an optical technique which enables depth-resolved measurements of nuclear morphology, a biomarker of precancer. a/LCI allows for real-time identification of precancerous lesions, which may be treated using radiofrequency ablation or related techniques. In this dissertation, several advances in a/LCI technology are presented. Measurements of the nuclear refractive index, an important parameter for a/LCI inverse light scattering analysis, are offered to settle an important debate in the literature regarding the relative density of the cell nucleus. Instrumentational advances in a/LCI are demonstrated to address the need for implementing scanning capability, which is important for screening of larger tissues such as the cervix. The properties of commercially available fiber optic imaging bundles are investigated for their capacity to support coherence-based imaging, and when these are found to be lacking, an a/LCI device based on single-mode optical fibers is designed and validated using an array of pathlength-matched individual fibers, which exhibits significant advantages over previous image bundles. Computational analysis of a previous clinical a/LCI dataset is used to provide design guidance for this methodology. Finally, this new a/LCI device is combined with a rotational endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) probe to create a multimodal imaging system for comprehensive evaluation of the esophageal epithelium. The complete system includes a paddle form factor which allows it to be affixed to the exterior of a commercial endoscope for clinical compatibility, similar to related endoscopic devices. These advances demonstrate the continued applicability of a/LCI for evaluating epithelial health, and present new and attractive options for surveillance and early intervention against cancer. Advisors/Committee Members: Wax, Adam (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Optics; Biophysics; Medical imaging; a/LCI; dysplasia; interferometry; light scattering; optical design; optical diagnostics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Steelman, Z. A. (2020). Novel Instrumentation for Optical Screening of Epithelial Dysplasia . (Thesis). Duke University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10161/21459

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Steelman, Zachary Andrew. “Novel Instrumentation for Optical Screening of Epithelial Dysplasia .” 2020. Thesis, Duke University. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/21459.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Steelman, Zachary Andrew. “Novel Instrumentation for Optical Screening of Epithelial Dysplasia .” 2020. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Steelman ZA. Novel Instrumentation for Optical Screening of Epithelial Dysplasia . [Internet] [Thesis]. Duke University; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10161/21459.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Steelman ZA. Novel Instrumentation for Optical Screening of Epithelial Dysplasia . [Thesis]. Duke University; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10161/21459

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Wayne State University

13. Florea, Radu Catalin. Optical investigation of ethanol and n-heptane dual-fuel partially premixed combution in s reciprocating engine.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2012, Wayne State University

URL: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/491

► The details of the dual-fuel combustion of n-heptane and ethanol were investigated in an optically accessible engine representative of light-duty applications. Experimental work involved… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: combustion, dual-fuel combustion, optical diagnostics; Mechanical Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Florea, R. C. (2012). Optical investigation of ethanol and n-heptane dual-fuel partially premixed combution in s reciprocating engine. (Doctoral Dissertation). Wayne State University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/491

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Florea, Radu Catalin. “Optical investigation of ethanol and n-heptane dual-fuel partially premixed combution in s reciprocating engine.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Wayne State University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/491.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Florea, Radu Catalin. “Optical investigation of ethanol and n-heptane dual-fuel partially premixed combution in s reciprocating engine.” 2012. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Florea RC. Optical investigation of ethanol and n-heptane dual-fuel partially premixed combution in s reciprocating engine. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Wayne State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/491.

Council of Science Editors:

Florea RC. Optical investigation of ethanol and n-heptane dual-fuel partially premixed combution in s reciprocating engine. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Wayne State University; 2012. Available from: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/491

Colorado State University

14. Wang, Weina. Single cancer cell detection with optofluidic intracavity spectroscopy.

Degree: PhD, Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2012, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/70024

► The detection of cancer cells is the basis for cancer diagnostics, cancer screening and cancer treatment monitoring. Non-destructive and non-chemical optical methods may help reduce… (more)

▼ The detection of cancer cells is the basis for cancer diagnostics, cancer screening and cancer treatment monitoring. Non-destructive and non-chemical optical methods may help reduce the complexity and cost of related test, making them more available to the public. The label-free technique of optofluidic intracavity spectroscopy (OFIS) uses light transmitted through a cellular body in a microfluidic optical resonator to distinguish different types of cells by their spectral signatures. The OFIS chips are fabricated in the CSU semiconductor clean room and the fabrication process was reported by a previous Ph.D student, Hua Shao. She also did some initial exploration on combining dielectrophoresis (DEP) with the OFIS technique. Since then, some revisions to the fabrication technique have been made to improve the alignment, bonding and sealing of this microfluidic chip. In addition, new DEP electrode designs have been designed and fabricated to further improve the trapping performance of the traps and facilitate automated cell trapping and analysis. Viability tests were carried out to investigate the effect of heating (induced by DEP electrodes) on cells in chips built with borosilicate and sapphire substrates. These experiments used specially designed DEP electrodes that help more accurately control the DEP exposure time and strength. The survival rate of cells out of DEP enabled OFIS system is greatly affected by the substrate type and DEP exposure dose. The OFIS technique has differentiated red and white human blood cells, as well as canine lymphoma and lymphocytes based on their distinctive transmission spectra. Using OFIS chips fabricated with the modified process, OFIS spectra of settled cells from canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) cell lines and monocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected and analyzed. To quantify the strength of transverse modes in their spectra, a single characteristic parameter was determined for each cell by forming a linear combination of the mean and standard deviation of the transmission spectra over one free spectral range excluding the residual longitudinal peaks of the bare Fabry-Pérot (F-P) cavities filled with cell suspending medium only. The difference in the characteristic parameters of HSA and monocyte samples was highly statistically significant with a p-value as low as 10-6. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve constructed from t-distributions fit to the HSA and monocytes spectra indicates that the cell classification based on their characteristic parameters can achieve 95% sensitivity and 98% specificity simultaneously. Furthermore, some features observed in the spectra of HSA cells motivated a new optical model of the cell loaded F-P cavity. The OFIS spectra of individual cells from canine HSA and canine lymphoma cancer cell lines exhibit relatively uniformly spaced multiple transverse modes repeated in each free spectral range of a microfluidic F-P cavity while similar spectra of healthy canine monocytes and lymphocytes only have up to 2 or no… Advisors/Committee Members: Lear, Kevin (advisor), Chandrasekar, V. (committee member), Krapf, Diego (committee member), Reardon, Kenneth (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: biophotonics; optofluidic intracavity spectroscopy; optical cancer diagnostics; cell refractometry

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wang, W. (2012). Single cancer cell detection with optofluidic intracavity spectroscopy. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/70024

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wang, Weina. “Single cancer cell detection with optofluidic intracavity spectroscopy.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado State University. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/70024.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wang, Weina. “Single cancer cell detection with optofluidic intracavity spectroscopy.” 2012. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Wang W. Single cancer cell detection with optofluidic intracavity spectroscopy. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/70024.

Council of Science Editors:

Wang W. Single cancer cell detection with optofluidic intracavity spectroscopy. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/70024

University of Adelaide

15. Algoraini, Safa Mohammed M. Optical diagnostics of soot formation in low pressure laminar premixed flames.

Degree: 2019, University of Adelaide

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/123106

► Soot particles generated during combustion processes enhance heat transfer by thermal radiation. These particles are harmful to human health; therefore, control of soot emissions from… (more)

▼ Soot particles generated during combustion processes enhance heat transfer by thermal radiation. These particles are harmful to human health; therefore, control of soot emissions from combustion systems and mitigation of their negative effects is highly desirable. Soot particle formation is a complex process involving many processes. These are nucleation, surface growth, coagulation, aggregation, and finally oxidation. These processes are not completely understood. The aim of this research was to apply optical diagnostics as a tool to better understand the inception phase and surface growth of soot particles in low pressure premixed laminar flames. The work described in this thesis is based on quasi-one-dimensional, premixed C2H4–air (plus other additives) laminar flames, stabilised on a McKenna burner. Three different flame settings were used to study the dependence of soot particle formation on pressure variation in the range of 48–27 kPa. Two flames were at stoichiometric ratios, at phi (Φ) of 2.1 and 2.3. The third flame, at Φ of 2.1 and pressure of 40 kPa, was chosen to evaluate the effect of gas additives on the soot formation process. Three gas additives to ethylene base flame (C2H4-air) were used. These gas additives are argon (Ar), nitrogen (N2) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Laser-induced incandescence (LII) was used to carefully measure the spatial profile of the soot volume fraction (fv). Spatially resolved emission spectroscopy was then utilised to measure two key radicals (CH* and C2*) and to verify the location of the flame front (yff) and soot particle temperature (Ts). Probe thermocouple was employed to measure gas temperature (Tg), while Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) was used to record the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) with 2 – 3 rings (2-3R), 3 – 4 rings (3-4 R) and >5 rings (>5 R). The gas velocity (v) was modelling by using the Ansys-Fluent software package. The time (t), at each axial location was calculated in a stepwise fashion, based on the modelled velocity profile. This helps to compute the soot surface growth rate and the phenomenological removing rates of PAH (2-3R) and PAH (3-4R). From Φ of 2.1 and 2.3 flames at different pressure settings, it was found that the thickness zone for CH*, used as an indicator of the flame front, was larger than for C2*. Furthermore, it was observed that the distance between the maximum recorded intensity of CH* and C2* decreased linearly with increasing pressure - with a slope of 25 × 10–9 ± 0.062 × 10–9 (mPa–1) and 28 × 10–9 ± 0.048 × 10–9 (mPa–1) for Φ of 2.1 and 2.3, respectively. It was found that the lowest value of fv was 0.0003 ppm, observed at a spatial location of 6 mm away from the burner surface. It was also observed that fv scales with pressure following a simple power function of the form fv = kPrn, where k is a scaling factor and n was measured at a value of 2.15 ± 0.7 and 1.5 ± 0.4 for Φ = 2.1 and Φ = 2.3, respectively. The analysis of soot particle surface growth pointed to a soot growth rate constant, kSG, of 20 s-1 for Φ of 2.1,… Advisors/Committee Members: Alwahabi, Zeyad (advisor), Sun, Zhiwei (advisor), School of Chemical Engineering (school).

Subjects/Keywords: Optical diagnostics; soot; law pressure; LII; LIF; Laminar flame

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APA (6^th Edition):

Algoraini, S. M. M. (2019). Optical diagnostics of soot formation in low pressure laminar premixed flames. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/123106

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Algoraini, Safa Mohammed M. “Optical diagnostics of soot formation in low pressure laminar premixed flames.” 2019. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/123106.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Algoraini, Safa Mohammed M. “Optical diagnostics of soot formation in low pressure laminar premixed flames.” 2019. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Algoraini SMM. Optical diagnostics of soot formation in low pressure laminar premixed flames. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/123106.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Algoraini SMM. Optical diagnostics of soot formation in low pressure laminar premixed flames. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/123106

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Western Ontario

16. Khalid, Mahro. Development and validation of a stand-alone DCS system for monitoring absolute cerebral blood flow.

Degree: 2018, University of Western Ontario

URL: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5752

► Premature infants are at high risk of neonatal brain injury due to poor cerebrovascular regulation, leading to periods of dangerously low cerebral blood flow (CBF)… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: DCS; Neuromonitoring; Medical imaging; NIRS; Optical diagnostics; Medical Biophysics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Khalid, M. (2018). Development and validation of a stand-alone DCS system for monitoring absolute cerebral blood flow. (Thesis). University of Western Ontario. Retrieved from https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5752

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Khalid, Mahro. “Development and validation of a stand-alone DCS system for monitoring absolute cerebral blood flow.” 2018. Thesis, University of Western Ontario. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5752.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Khalid, Mahro. “Development and validation of a stand-alone DCS system for monitoring absolute cerebral blood flow.” 2018. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Khalid M. Development and validation of a stand-alone DCS system for monitoring absolute cerebral blood flow. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5752.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Khalid M. Development and validation of a stand-alone DCS system for monitoring absolute cerebral blood flow. [Thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2018. Available from: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5752

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Georgia Tech

17. Lim, Chang Hyeon. Visualization of nucleation of supercritical carbon dioxide flow through a nozzle.

Degree: MS, Mechanical Engineering, 2019, Georgia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/61291

► Interest in fundamental properties of carbon dioxide near the critical point led to an investigation of supercritical CO2 flow through a converging-diverging nozzle. To study… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Supercritical CO2; High speed optical diagnostics; Two-phase flow

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lim, C. H. (2019). Visualization of nucleation of supercritical carbon dioxide flow through a nozzle. (Masters Thesis). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/61291

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lim, Chang Hyeon. “Visualization of nucleation of supercritical carbon dioxide flow through a nozzle.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Georgia Tech. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/61291.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lim, Chang Hyeon. “Visualization of nucleation of supercritical carbon dioxide flow through a nozzle.” 2019. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Lim CH. Visualization of nucleation of supercritical carbon dioxide flow through a nozzle. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Georgia Tech; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/61291.

Council of Science Editors:

Lim CH. Visualization of nucleation of supercritical carbon dioxide flow through a nozzle. [Masters Thesis]. Georgia Tech; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/61291

Virginia Tech

18. Barboza, Kris Leo. A Diagnostic Technique for Particle Characterization Using Laser Light Extinction.

Degree: MS, Mechanical Engineering, 2015, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52000

► Increased operations of aircraft, both commercial and military, in hostile desert environments have increased risks of micro-sized particle ingestion into engines. The probability of increased… (more)

▼ Increased operations of aircraft, both commercial and military, in hostile desert environments have increased risks of micro-sized particle ingestion into engines. The probability of increased sand and dust ingestion results in increased life cycle costs, in addition to increased potential for performance loss. Thus, abilities to accurately characterize inlet sand would be useful for engine diagnostics and prognostic evaluation. Previous characterization studies were based on particle measurements performed a posteriori. Thus, there exists a need for in situ quantification of ingested particles. The work presented in this thesis describes initial developments of a line-of-sight optical technique to characterize ingested particles at concentrations similar to those experienced by aircraft in brownout conditions using light extinction with the end goal of producing an onboard aircraft diagnostic sensor. By measuring the extinct light intensity in presence of particles over range of concentrations, a relationship between diameters, concentration and light extinction was used for characterization. The particle size distribution was assumed log-normal and size range of interest 1-10 μm. To validate the technique, particle characterization in both static and flow based tests were performed on polystyrene latex spheres of sizes 1.32 μm, 3.9 μm, 5.1 μm, and 7 μm in mono-disperse and poly-disperse mixtures. Results from the static experiments were obtained with a maximum relative error of 11%. Concentrations from the static experiments were obtained with a maximum relative error of 18%. Mono-dispersed and poly-dispersed particle samples were sized in a flow setup, with a maximum relative error of 12% and 10% respectively across all diameter samples tested. Uncertainty in measurements were quantified, with results indicating a maximum error of 17% in diameters due to sources of variability and showed that shorter wavelength lasers provide lower errors in concentration measurements, compared to longer wavelengths. For real time, on-board measurements, where path lengths traveled by light are much larger than distances traveled in initial proof of concept experimental setups, requirements would be to install sensitive detectors and powerful lasers to prevent operation near noise floors of detectors. Vibration effects from the engine can be mitigated by using larger area collection optics to ensure that the transmitted light falls on active detector areas. Results shown in this thesis point towards validity of the light extinction technique to provide real time characterization of ingested particles, and will serve as an impetus to carry out further research using this technique to characterize particles entering aircraft engine inlets. Advisors/Committee Members: Ekkad, Srinath V. (committeechair), Ng, Wing Fai (committeechair), O'Brien, Walter F. Jr. (committee member), Lowe, Kevin T. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Optical Diagnostics; On-board Sensor; Light Extinction; Particle Characterization; Me Extinction

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APA (6^th Edition):

Barboza, K. L. (2015). A Diagnostic Technique for Particle Characterization Using Laser Light Extinction. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52000

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Barboza, Kris Leo. “A Diagnostic Technique for Particle Characterization Using Laser Light Extinction.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52000.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Barboza, Kris Leo. “A Diagnostic Technique for Particle Characterization Using Laser Light Extinction.” 2015. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Barboza KL. A Diagnostic Technique for Particle Characterization Using Laser Light Extinction. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52000.

Council of Science Editors:

Barboza KL. A Diagnostic Technique for Particle Characterization Using Laser Light Extinction. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52000

University of Texas – Austin

19. Kim, Tae Jin, active 21st century. Pressure and thermal effects on superhydrophobic friction reduction in a microchannel flow.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2013, University of Texas – Austin

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/26078

► As the fluidic devices are miniaturized to improve portability, the friction of the microchannel becomes intrinsically high and a high pumping power will be required… (more)

▼ As the fluidic devices are miniaturized to improve portability, the friction of the microchannel becomes intrinsically high and a high pumping power will be required to drive the fluid. Since the pumping power delivered by portable devices is limited, one method to reduce this is to render the surface to become slippery. This can be achieved by roughening up the microchannel wall and form a bed of air pockets between the roughness elements, which is known as the superhydrophobic Cassie-Baxter state. While the study on superhydrophobic microchannels are focused mainly in maximizing the friction reduction effects and maintaining the stability of the air pockets, less attention has been given to characterizing the microchannel friction under a metastable state, where partial flooding of the micro-textures may be present, and under heated conditions, where the air pockets are trapped between the micro-textures. In order to quantify the frictional characteristics, microchannels with micron-sized trenches on the side walls were fabricated and tested under varying inlet pressures and heating conditions. By measuring the hydrodynamic resistance and comparing with numerical simulations, results suggest that (1) the air-water interface behaves close to a no-slip boundary condition, (2) friction becomes insensitive to the wetting degree once the micro-trenches become highly wetting, (3) the fully wetted micro-trench may be beneficial over the de-wetted ones in order to achieve friction reduction effects and (4) heating the micro-trenches to induce a highly de-wetting state may actually be detrimental to the microchannel flow due the excessive growth of the air layer. As part of the future work to characterize heat transfer in superhydrophobic microchannels, a rectangular microchannel with microheaters embedded close to the side walls was fabricated and the corresponding heat transfer rates were measured through dual fluorescence thermometry. Results suggested that significant heat is lost through the environment despite the high thermal resistance of the microchannel material. An extra insulation is suggested prior to characterizing the convective heat transfer coefficients in the superhydrophobic microchannel flow. Advisors/Committee Members: Hidrovo, Carlos (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Superhydrophobic surfaces; Friction reduction; Surface energy; Heat transfer; Optical diagnostics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kim, Tae Jin, a. 2. c. (2013). Pressure and thermal effects on superhydrophobic friction reduction in a microchannel flow. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/26078

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kim, Tae Jin, active 21st century. “Pressure and thermal effects on superhydrophobic friction reduction in a microchannel flow.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/26078.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kim, Tae Jin, active 21st century. “Pressure and thermal effects on superhydrophobic friction reduction in a microchannel flow.” 2013. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Kim, Tae Jin a2c. Pressure and thermal effects on superhydrophobic friction reduction in a microchannel flow. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/26078.

Council of Science Editors:

Kim, Tae Jin a2c. Pressure and thermal effects on superhydrophobic friction reduction in a microchannel flow. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/26078

20. Sousa martins, Rafael Alexandre. Etude expérimentale et théorique d'un arc de foudre et son interaction avec un matériau aéronautique : Experimental and theoretical studies of lightning arcs and their interaction with aeronautical material.

Degree: Docteur es, Énergétique, 2016, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE)

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC080

►

Aujourd’hui, l’étude des effets directs de la foudre sur les structures aéronautiques pourrait s’appuyer, au moins en partie, sur des outils de simulation. Néanmoins, le… (more)

▼

Aujourd’hui, l’étude des effets directs de la foudre sur les structures aéronautiques pourrait s’appuyer, au moins en partie, sur des outils de simulation. Néanmoins, le manque de données expérimentales sur la phase d’arc impulsionnelle ne permet pas de justifier le caractère prédictif des outils de simulation.L’objectif de cette thèse est de réaliser une base de données expérimentale en s’appuyant sur la caractérisation des arcs de foudre dans des situations standardisées. Ces données peuvent être utilisées à la fois pour la compréhension des phénomènes observés lors des essais, mais surtout comme référence comparable aux outils de simulation.Dans un premier temps, on s’intéresse à la colonne d'arc libre dans l’air, hors interaction avec les électrodes. Par ailleurs, les profils spatio-temporels de température et de pression sont évalués par spectroscopie d'émission. On montre ainsi que, pour un arc de 100 kA, la température maximale atteint 37400 K sur l'axe de la colonne à 2 μs après l’amorçage, avec une pression de l’ordre de 45 bars.Dans un second temps, on s’intéresse à l'interaction de l'arc foudre avec des matériaux aéronautiques. La dynamique du pied d'arc ainsi que les caractéristiques de l’onde de choc sont analysées sur différents matériaux aéronautiques tels que l’aluminium ou des composites à fibres de carbone. Les contraintes thermomécaniques subies par le matériau sont étudiées par thermographie infrarouge, et par des mesures de déflexion rapide au centre du matériau, conduisant à une évaluation de la pression exercée par l’arc au point d’impact.

Nowadays, the study of the direct effects of lightning on aeronautical structures could be based, at least in part, on simulation tools. Nevertheless, the lack of experimental data on the transient phase of the lightning arc does not allow us to justify the predictive nature of the simulation tools. The objective of this thesis is to produce an experimental database based on the characterization of lightning arcs in standardized situations. These data can be used both for the understanding of the phenomena observed during the tests, but especially as a reference comparable to the simulation tools.First, we are interested in the free arc column in air, without interaction with the electrodes. Furthermore, time- and space-resolved profilesof temperature and pressure are evaluated by emission spectroscopy. For a 100 kA arc, it is shown that the temperature reaches 37400 K in the arc axis at 2 μs after arc ignition, with a corresponding pressure of 45 bar.Second, we are interested in the interaction of the lightning arc with aeronautical materials. The dynamics of the arc roots and the characteristics of the shock wave are analyzed for different aeronautical materials such as aluminum or carbon fiber composites. The thermo-mechanical constraints applied on the material are studied by infrared thermography and by rapid deflection measurements at the center of panel, leading to an evaluation of the pressure exercised by the arc at the attachment point.

Advisors/Committee Members: Soufiani, Anouar (thesis director).

Subjects/Keywords: Foudre; Arc électrique; Diagnostics optiques; Plasma; Pied d'arc; Matériaux aéronautiques; Lightning; Electric arc; Optical diagnostics; Plasma; Arc roots; Aeronautical materials

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sousa martins, R. A. (2016). Etude expérimentale et théorique d'un arc de foudre et son interaction avec un matériau aéronautique : Experimental and theoretical studies of lightning arcs and their interaction with aeronautical material. (Doctoral Dissertation). Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE). Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC080

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sousa martins, Rafael Alexandre. “Etude expérimentale et théorique d'un arc de foudre et son interaction avec un matériau aéronautique : Experimental and theoretical studies of lightning arcs and their interaction with aeronautical material.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE). Accessed April 17, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC080.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sousa martins, Rafael Alexandre. “Etude expérimentale et théorique d'un arc de foudre et son interaction avec un matériau aéronautique : Experimental and theoretical studies of lightning arcs and their interaction with aeronautical material.” 2016. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Sousa martins RA. Etude expérimentale et théorique d'un arc de foudre et son interaction avec un matériau aéronautique : Experimental and theoretical studies of lightning arcs and their interaction with aeronautical material. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE); 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC080.

Council of Science Editors:

Sousa martins RA. Etude expérimentale et théorique d'un arc de foudre et son interaction avec un matériau aéronautique : Experimental and theoretical studies of lightning arcs and their interaction with aeronautical material. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE); 2016. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC080

21. Degeneve, Arthur. Stabilization, structure and thermal behavior of oxy-flames with a variable swirl level : Stabilisation, structure, et comportement thermique des oxy-flammes avec un niveau de swirl variable.

Degree: Docteur es, Combustion, 2020, université Paris-Saclay

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST025

► Ce travail porte sur la stabilisation, la structure et le comportement thermique d’oxy-flammes turbulentes opérées avec du méthane comme combustible. L’étude recouvre des flammes fonctionnant… (more)

▼ Ce travail porte sur la stabilisation, la structure et le comportement thermique d’oxy-flammes turbulentes opérées avec du méthane comme combustible. L’étude recouvre des flammes fonctionnant dans des conditions prémélangées et non prémélangées, avec et sans swirl, et avec un oxydant dont la concentration d'oxygène est variable. Plus de 3000 flammes sont étudiées sous une large gamme de conditions de fonctionnement grâce à une chambre de combustion polyvalente, et à des diagnostics laser et des outils de calcul haute-fidélité. L'objectif de cette thèse est de répondre à la question suivante. Si un changement de composition du combustible ou de l'oxydant, de la puissance thermique ou une légère modification de l'injecteur est effectué, est-il possible d’ajuster le swirl conféré aux réactifs afin de retrouver la même structure de flamme et le même régime de stabilisation ? L'impact de l’angle d’ouverture d’un divergent placé en sortie d’injecteur sur l’écoulement est étudié sous un angle à la fois théorique et expérimental au moyen de diagnostics optiques. Un modèle est développé pour prédire la position de la zone de recirculation centrale lorsque cet angle varie. Les effets d'une modification de la composition de l'oxydant sur la structure de flamme sont ensuite étudiés lorsque la flamme passe d'une dilution en N2 à une dilution en CO2. Il est démontré que le swirl a un impact considérable sur la structure de la flamme. La température et la distribution du transfert thermique sont ensuite caractérisées expérimentalement le long des parois latérales de la chambre de combustion. Un modèle de premier ordre est développé pour expliquer les changements de transferts thermiques observés entre les flammes diluées en N2 et en CO2. Le comportement thermique de la chambre de combustion Oxytec est ensuite étudié à l’aide de la simulation numérique aux grandes échelles couplée à un solveur de rayonnement Monte Carlo. La prise en compte détaillée du rayonnement thermique modifie faiblement la position de la flamme et la structure de l’écoulement, mais a un impact considérable sur la température des gaz brûlés et sur la distribution du flux thermique à l'intérieur de la chambre de combustion. Un modèle permettant de prédire la température moyenne du gaz et la distribution du transfert thermique des parois lors du passage d'une simulation non couplée à une simulation couplée est finalement proposé.La suite de l’étude est consacrée à la caractérisation expérimentale des effets du swirl sur la structure et les modes de stabilisation des oxy-flammes en condition non prémélangées et opérées avec un injecteur coaxial dans lequel les deux jets peuvent être swirlés. Une analyse paramétrique est menée en couvrant une large gamme de rapports de flux de moments axiaux et de fractions massiques d'O2, et aboutit sur un modèle qui prédit la longueur d’oxy-flammes coaxiales avec et sans swirl. Il est ensuite montré qu’une augmentation du swirl interne peut détacher la flamme des lèvres de l’injecteur. L'origine des différentes structures de… Advisors/Committee Members: Schuller, Thierry (thesis director), Vicquelin, Ronan (thesis director).

Subjects/Keywords: Oxy-Combustion; Swirl; Turbulence; Diagnostics optiques; Rayonnement; Jets coaxiaux; Oxy-Combustion; Swirl; Turbulence; Optical diagnostics; Radiation; Coaxial jets

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Degeneve, A. (2020). Stabilization, structure and thermal behavior of oxy-flames with a variable swirl level : Stabilisation, structure, et comportement thermique des oxy-flammes avec un niveau de swirl variable. (Doctoral Dissertation). université Paris-Saclay. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST025

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Degeneve, Arthur. “Stabilization, structure and thermal behavior of oxy-flames with a variable swirl level : Stabilisation, structure, et comportement thermique des oxy-flammes avec un niveau de swirl variable.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, université Paris-Saclay. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST025.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Degeneve, Arthur. “Stabilization, structure and thermal behavior of oxy-flames with a variable swirl level : Stabilisation, structure, et comportement thermique des oxy-flammes avec un niveau de swirl variable.” 2020. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Degeneve A. Stabilization, structure and thermal behavior of oxy-flames with a variable swirl level : Stabilisation, structure, et comportement thermique des oxy-flammes avec un niveau de swirl variable. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. université Paris-Saclay; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST025.

Council of Science Editors:

Degeneve A. Stabilization, structure and thermal behavior of oxy-flames with a variable swirl level : Stabilisation, structure, et comportement thermique des oxy-flammes avec un niveau de swirl variable. [Doctoral Dissertation]. université Paris-Saclay; 2020. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST025

University of Otago

22. Doronin, Alexander. The unified Monte Carlo model of photon migration in scattering tissue-like media for the needs of Biomedical Optics .

Degree: 2014, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/4651

► Nowadays optical and laser-based diagnostics technologies are widely used in many fields such as oncology, vascular and developmental biology, dermatology, pharmacy, materials sciences, food, and… (more)

▼ Nowadays optical and laser-based diagnostics technologies are widely used in many fields such as oncology, vascular and developmental biology, dermatology, pharmacy, materials sciences, food, and the cosmetic and health care industries. Optical techniques have a number of advantages over traditional methods and provide a broad variety of practical solutions for non-invasive diagnostics in a range of studies from single cells to biopsy of specific biological tissues and even whole organs. Conceptual design of a particular optical diagnostics system for non-invasive in vivo measurements of structural alterations in biological tissues and changes in their physiological properties requires careful selection of various technical parameters, including wavelength, coherence, polarization and intensity profile of incident optical radiation, sensitivity of the detector, size, and the geometry and mutual position of source and detector. When applied to biological tissues, multiple scattering of light overwhelmingly prevents laser-based techniques from providing high quality images of tissue structure and structural changes. Thus, comprehensive studies of optical radiation propagation and signal formation are required. Due to the complex inhomogeneous structure of biological tissues no general analytical solution exists that can describe the detected optical signal and how it is affected by structural or physiological changes. However, there is an exceptional example of a stochastic approach: the Monte Carlo method. Without extrinsic or intrinsic constraints, throughout the years the Monte Carlo method has been a gold standard for the assessment of optical radiation propagation and spacial localization of signals in biological tissues. Nonetheless, previously developed Monte Carlo models were extremely resource consuming and suffered from serious disadvantages, considerably limiting their applications. Due to the diversity of existing optical diagnostics modalities the development of a new Monte Carlo code was typically required for a particular practical application. This thesis describes the work that has gone into the development of the unified Monte Carlo model and considers its applications for the particular needs of biomedical optics. By utilizing the developed model, an intimate investigation of optical radiation propagation in highly scattering randomly inhomogeneous media such as biological tissues has been carried out. Further developments of the method and a complete theoretical background are presented. Emphasis is given to including the method the coherent properties of optical radiation. The developed model supports of a variety of configurations corresponding to the actual experimental conditions. The code of the developed model has been generalized and unified for multi-purpose use for various applications in biomedical optics utilizing object oriented programming. A dramatic speed up of simulations has been achieved using parallel programming on graphics cards. A user friendly, web-based prototype of a… Advisors/Committee Members: Meglinski, Igor (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Biophotonics; Biomedical Imaging; Monte Carlo method; Optical Diagnostics; Parallel programming; CUDA; Image processing; Optical coherence tomography; Diffusing-wave polarimetry; Earlier cancer diagnostics; Online Monte Carlo tool

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APA (6^th Edition):

Doronin, A. (2014). The unified Monte Carlo model of photon migration in scattering tissue-like media for the needs of Biomedical Optics . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/4651

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Doronin, Alexander. “The unified Monte Carlo model of photon migration in scattering tissue-like media for the needs of Biomedical Optics .” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/4651.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Doronin, Alexander. “The unified Monte Carlo model of photon migration in scattering tissue-like media for the needs of Biomedical Optics .” 2014. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Doronin A. The unified Monte Carlo model of photon migration in scattering tissue-like media for the needs of Biomedical Optics . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Otago; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/4651.

Council of Science Editors:

Doronin A. The unified Monte Carlo model of photon migration in scattering tissue-like media for the needs of Biomedical Optics . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Otago; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/4651

University of Rochester

23. Davies, Andrew S. (1986 - ); Haberberger, Daniel Joseph. Picosecond Thomson-scattering spectroscopy investigation of thermodynamics in laser-plasma amplifiers.

Degree: PhD, 2020, University of Rochester

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1802/35465

► Ultrafast electron plasma wave dynamics, Thermodynamics, and collisions are fundamental processes in laser-plasma physics that is not well understood. Historically, models have used simple approximations… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Collisional Thomson scattering; High energy laser; Optical diagnostics; Plasma wave dynamics; Raman amplifier; Ultrafast thermodynamics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Davies, Andrew S. (1986 - ); Haberberger, D. J. (2020). Picosecond Thomson-scattering spectroscopy investigation of thermodynamics in laser-plasma amplifiers. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Rochester. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1802/35465

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Davies, Andrew S. (1986 - ); Haberberger, Daniel Joseph. “Picosecond Thomson-scattering spectroscopy investigation of thermodynamics in laser-plasma amplifiers.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Rochester. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1802/35465.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Davies, Andrew S. (1986 - ); Haberberger, Daniel Joseph. “Picosecond Thomson-scattering spectroscopy investigation of thermodynamics in laser-plasma amplifiers.” 2020. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Davies, Andrew S. (1986 - ); Haberberger DJ. Picosecond Thomson-scattering spectroscopy investigation of thermodynamics in laser-plasma amplifiers. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Rochester; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1802/35465.

Council of Science Editors:

Davies, Andrew S. (1986 - ); Haberberger DJ. Picosecond Thomson-scattering spectroscopy investigation of thermodynamics in laser-plasma amplifiers. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Rochester; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1802/35465

University of Michigan

24. Huang, Wensheng. Study of Hall Thruster Discharge Channel Wall Erosion via Optical Diagnostics.

Degree: PhD, Aerospace Engineering, 2011, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/86567

► This dissertation describes the use of optical diagnostics to study the Hall thruster channel wall erosion problem. The novel use of two-axis laser-induced fluorescence velocimetry… (more)

▼ This dissertation describes the use of optical diagnostics to study the Hall thruster channel wall erosion problem. The novel use of two-axis laser-induced fluorescence velocimetry produced velocity distribution function maps of the ions bombarding the channel walls of a 6 kW Hall thruster. This is the first published instance of the use of laser-induced fluorescence to study the bombarding particles near the discharge channel walls in a Hall thruster. Additionally, the dissertation demonstrated the first successful use of boron cavity ring-down spectroscopy to study channel wall erosion in a Hall thruster environment to measure the channel wall erosion rate. The combination of data from the two optical diagnostics highlighted the importance of the erosion zone length as a key parameter that drives channel wall erosion. The length of the erosion zone was found to scale roughly with the discharge voltage of the Hall thruster. There are also subtle signs that the erosion zone length decreases slightly with increasing anode mass flow rate. A simple engineering erosion model was formulated to produce a scaling equation that can be used to correlate the relative erosion rate across different discharge voltages and anode mass flow rates for the 6-kW Hall thruster with symmetric magnetic field topology. The equation shows that, to a first-order approximation, the erosion rate scales linearly with the anode mass flow rate and with the square of the discharge voltage. However, the key result of this dissertation is not the determination of the power to which the discharge voltage is raised. Instead, it is the method used to derive the scaling equation. The said method highlights the importance of determining the scaling relationship between the length of the erosion zone and the controlling parameters. This method has not been previously used because the diagnostics needed to study the aforementioned scaling relationship has not been previously available. Thus, it can be said that the truly original contribution of this dissertation to the study of the channel wall erosion problem is the development of the two optical diagnostics and a demonstration of their potential use. Advisors/Committee Members: Gallimore, Alec D. (committee member), Boyd, Iain D. (committee member), Foster, John Edison (committee member), Kamhawi, Hani (committee member), Smith, Timothy B. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Hall Thruster; Channel Wall Erosion; Optical Diagnostics; LIF; CRDS; Aerospace Engineering; Engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Huang, W. (2011). Study of Hall Thruster Discharge Channel Wall Erosion via Optical Diagnostics. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/86567

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Huang, Wensheng. “Study of Hall Thruster Discharge Channel Wall Erosion via Optical Diagnostics.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/86567.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Huang, Wensheng. “Study of Hall Thruster Discharge Channel Wall Erosion via Optical Diagnostics.” 2011. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Huang W. Study of Hall Thruster Discharge Channel Wall Erosion via Optical Diagnostics. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/86567.

Council of Science Editors:

Huang W. Study of Hall Thruster Discharge Channel Wall Erosion via Optical Diagnostics. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/86567

University of Michigan

25. Tibavinsky, Ivan. Thermal Emission of Strontium Products for Scalar Diagnostics in Internal Combustion Engines.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2019, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/153368

► Developments in optical diagnostics for combustion systems have been essential to the recent improvements in efficiency and abatement of emissions that internal combustion engines have… (more)

▼ Developments in optical diagnostics for combustion systems have been essential to the recent improvements in efficiency and abatement of emissions that internal combustion engines have undergone recently. Great emphasis has been placed in the measurement of quantities with high temporal and spatial resolution, which has enabled the understanding of key physical and chemical processes, but there remains a need for obtaining spatially integrated measurements to understand how local events affect the overall behavior of the gases in a turbulent combustion chamber. Strontium offers a potential avenue to provide these measurements. When present in combustion it produces strontium monohydroxide, which spontaneously emits radiation in several bands of the visible spectrum, and thus enables the determination of temperature independently of species concentration through the Boltzmann distribution. Further, chemical equilibrium calculations can relate equivalence ratio to the relative concentration strontium and strontium monohydroxide, which could also be measured optically. The potential of this technique was explored in this work. An optical engine was operated under different conditions with a strontium-containing fuel and spectral measurements of the radiation emitted from the chamber were performed. The temperature in the cylinder was predicted by a one-dimensional thermodynamic model that used a two-zone model for flame propagation. The relative spectrally resolved emission intensity of atomic strontium and strontium monohydroxide was measured using a spectrometer coupled with camera, and the collected signals were related to the conditions in the chamber. From the results the mathematical formulation for the relationship of spectral intensity with temperature was found to be adequate, and important insights for the application of the diagnostic in imaging experiments were obtained. A universally applicable calibration was not attained due to experimental limitations, however, but the key barriers to overcome were identified. Advisors/Committee Members: Sick, Volker (committee member), Gamba, Mirko (committee member), Boehman, Andre L (committee member), Sangi Reddy, Pramod (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Engine optical diagnostics; Strontium spectral emission; strontium monohydroxide; internal combustion engines; Mechanical Engineering; Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Tibavinsky, I. (2019). Thermal Emission of Strontium Products for Scalar Diagnostics in Internal Combustion Engines. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/153368

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tibavinsky, Ivan. “Thermal Emission of Strontium Products for Scalar Diagnostics in Internal Combustion Engines.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/153368.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tibavinsky, Ivan. “Thermal Emission of Strontium Products for Scalar Diagnostics in Internal Combustion Engines.” 2019. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Tibavinsky I. Thermal Emission of Strontium Products for Scalar Diagnostics in Internal Combustion Engines. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/153368.

Council of Science Editors:

Tibavinsky I. Thermal Emission of Strontium Products for Scalar Diagnostics in Internal Combustion Engines. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/153368

University of California – Irvine

26. Heidari, Andrew Emon. Developing Optical Biometrics Using Optical Coherence Tomography for Medical Screening and Diagnosis.

Degree: Biomedical Engineering, 2018, University of California – Irvine

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3ff1t74q

► Optical coherence tomography (OCT), a non-invasive, high-resolution imaging modality, has seen an increasing role as a clinical diagnostic, screening, and therapeutic imaging method over the… (more)

▼ Optical coherence tomography (OCT), a non-invasive, high-resolution imaging modality, has seen an increasing role as a clinical diagnostic, screening, and therapeutic imaging method over the years. Medical specialties such as ophthalmology, interventional cardiology and gastroenterology have been able to take full advantage of OCT’s minimally invasive near-cellular depth resolution to stage and diagnose different disease states and medical conditions. Although we have seen a wide spread use of OCT in the aforementioned specialties, there remains a plethora of medical specialties that could potentially benefit from the use of a non-invasive, high-resolution imaging modality. This thesis concentrates on developing the use of OCT and analytical image processing methods to address clinical unmet needs in interventional pulmonology, head and neck cancer and dermatology. The work presented will specifically discuss nosocomial ventilator associated pneumonia, oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and androgenic alopecia (AA) respectively. Each medical condition studied required a unique imaging system and imaging probe to properly assess the presented clinical need. Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) utilized a high-speed Fourier domain OCT (FD-OCT) imaging system with side-viewing probe, a microscope-based fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) system, and a bench top terahertz spectroscopy system. Using the three imaging modalities, the macroscopic structure of bacterial biofilm in-situ as well as biofilm bacterial phenotype composition could be resolved. OSCC required the development of a portable low-cost spectral domain OCT(SD-OCT) imaging system and low-profile forward viewing scanning probe to transport the system overseas to Bangalore, India where oral cancer has a high prevalence. Using intensity-based OCT as compared to the histology gold standard, differences between normal, dysplastic and malignant oral mucosa were determined. Lastly, androgenic alopecia better known as male or female pattern baldness, utilized a larger 3D scanning hand held microscope probe that provided a wide field of view yet a high lateral resolution to observe differences in hair shaft and hair follicle structure between varying stages of balding.Structural intensity-based OCT biomarkers are effective in analyzing various disease conditions, as evidence by the clinical OCT imaging applications. These biomarkers provide a means of assessing and staging the state of the medical condition in the spectrum between normal and abnormal. With such an imaging tool and outlook, physicians could further guide medical intervention, determine treatment efficacy and monitor disease progression.

Subjects/Keywords: Biomedical engineering; Optics; Androgenic Alopecia; Diagnostics; Optical Coherence Tomography; Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Ventilator Associated Pneumonia

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APA (6^th Edition):

Heidari, A. E. (2018). Developing Optical Biometrics Using Optical Coherence Tomography for Medical Screening and Diagnosis. (Thesis). University of California – Irvine. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3ff1t74q

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Heidari, Andrew Emon. “Developing Optical Biometrics Using Optical Coherence Tomography for Medical Screening and Diagnosis.” 2018. Thesis, University of California – Irvine. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3ff1t74q.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Heidari, Andrew Emon. “Developing Optical Biometrics Using Optical Coherence Tomography for Medical Screening and Diagnosis.” 2018. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Heidari AE. Developing Optical Biometrics Using Optical Coherence Tomography for Medical Screening and Diagnosis. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Irvine; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3ff1t74q.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Heidari AE. Developing Optical Biometrics Using Optical Coherence Tomography for Medical Screening and Diagnosis. [Thesis]. University of California – Irvine; 2018. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3ff1t74q

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Houston

27. Hernandez, Eduardo. Optical Emission Diagnostics of a Non-equilibrium Atmospheric Pressure Helium Plasma Jet in Ambient Air.

Degree: MS, Chemical Engineering, 2016, University of Houston

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10657/3194

► Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasmas are increasingly attracting more attention from the scientific community for their potential use in surface treatment and biomedical applications. Even though… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet; Plasma; Low Temperature Plasma; Optical Emission Diagnostics; He metastable

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hernandez, E. (2016). Optical Emission Diagnostics of a Non-equilibrium Atmospheric Pressure Helium Plasma Jet in Ambient Air. (Masters Thesis). University of Houston. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10657/3194

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hernandez, Eduardo. “Optical Emission Diagnostics of a Non-equilibrium Atmospheric Pressure Helium Plasma Jet in Ambient Air.” 2016. Masters Thesis, University of Houston. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10657/3194.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hernandez, Eduardo. “Optical Emission Diagnostics of a Non-equilibrium Atmospheric Pressure Helium Plasma Jet in Ambient Air.” 2016. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Hernandez E. Optical Emission Diagnostics of a Non-equilibrium Atmospheric Pressure Helium Plasma Jet in Ambient Air. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Houston; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10657/3194.

Council of Science Editors:

Hernandez E. Optical Emission Diagnostics of a Non-equilibrium Atmospheric Pressure Helium Plasma Jet in Ambient Air. [Masters Thesis]. University of Houston; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10657/3194

Iowa State University

28. Tiarks, Jordan A. Investigation of fundamental transport and physicochemical phenomena in lignocellulosic fast pyrolysis.

Degree: 2018, Iowa State University

URL: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/16889

► Fast pyrolysis of biomass has the potential for high-yield production of valuable fuels and chemicals from renewable biological and agricultural waste feedstocks. Optimization of this… (more)

▼ Fast pyrolysis of biomass has the potential for high-yield production of valuable fuels and chemicals from renewable biological and agricultural waste feedstocks. Optimization of this technology is dependent on developing a deeper understanding of the complex transport and kinetic phenomena which drive product formation. In this dissertation, direct, time-resolved imaging of feedstock degradation and product formation mechanisms for the pyrolysis of whole biomass and several of its components has been made inside an optically accessible pyrolysis reactor. The reactor thermal and transport characterization allows the determination of dominant mechanisms of pyrolysis product formation in the multiphase reacting environment. This novel investigation of biomass pyrolysis simultaneously captures relevant transport and kinetic phenomena including melt, agglomeration, ejection, evaporation and condensation throughout the pyrolysis of solid biomass feedstocks and the surrounding reactive environment. A novel pyrolysis reactor was developed in order to provide four-sided optical access to probe near-particle surface phenomena. The reactor and pyrolysis conditions were characterized using multiple techniques in order to better understand the relevant transport and kinetic limitations from which to interpret the imaging results. Condensed-phase products were analyzed via gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to verify product compositions obtained using the optically accessible reactor match those observed in other small-scale test reactors. Acetone planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) temperature measurements and multi-point thermocouple mapping provide a detailed thermal profile of the reaction environment and the convectively driven transport near the reaction filament. A line heat source conductivity measurement was developed and used to characterize the biomass feedstock effective conductivity in order to understand heat transport through the biomass sample from the heated filament strip. These studies indicate non-isothermal pyrolysis conditions with both heat and mass transfer limitations which must be accounted for in the interpretation of results - as is common in many pyrolysis reactors. Planar Mie scattering of product condensation across a well characterized thermal boundary layer allows for time resolved tracking of product formation through distinct condensation bands which are attributed to unique classes of compounds. Correlating the time-resolved condensation scattering signal to simultaneous color micro-scale imaging of feedstock morphological changes allows for developing an understanding of the physical and chemical mechanisms which drive product formation during the pyrolysis of biomass. Dominant transport appears to occur via evaporation and condensation/re-polymerization reactions with minimal contribution from ejection of large aerosols/droplets. In order to elucidate the nature and timescales of the transport of evaporated products away from the reacting biomass sample, a planar fluorescence…

Subjects/Keywords: Biofuels; Mie Scattering; Optical Diagnostics; PLIF; Pyrolysis; Mechanical Engineering; Oil, Gas, and Energy

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Tiarks, J. A. (2018). Investigation of fundamental transport and physicochemical phenomena in lignocellulosic fast pyrolysis. (Thesis). Iowa State University. Retrieved from https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/16889

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tiarks, Jordan A. “Investigation of fundamental transport and physicochemical phenomena in lignocellulosic fast pyrolysis.” 2018. Thesis, Iowa State University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/16889.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tiarks, Jordan A. “Investigation of fundamental transport and physicochemical phenomena in lignocellulosic fast pyrolysis.” 2018. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Tiarks JA. Investigation of fundamental transport and physicochemical phenomena in lignocellulosic fast pyrolysis. [Internet] [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/16889.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Tiarks JA. Investigation of fundamental transport and physicochemical phenomena in lignocellulosic fast pyrolysis. [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2018. Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/16889

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Victoria

29. Storey, Douglas Wesley. A view screen beam profile monitor for the ARIEL e-linac at TRIUMF.

Degree: Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, 2011, University of Victoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3460

► A megawatt class electron linear accelerator (e-linac) will be constructed at TRIUMF as part of the new ARIEL facility which will produce rare ion beams… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: View Screen; Beam Profile Monitor; e-linac; Beam Diagnostics; Optical Transition Radiation (OTR); ARIEL; Optics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Storey, D. W. (2011). A view screen beam profile monitor for the ARIEL e-linac at TRIUMF. (Masters Thesis). University of Victoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3460

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Storey, Douglas Wesley. “A view screen beam profile monitor for the ARIEL e-linac at TRIUMF.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Victoria. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3460.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Storey, Douglas Wesley. “A view screen beam profile monitor for the ARIEL e-linac at TRIUMF.” 2011. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Storey DW. A view screen beam profile monitor for the ARIEL e-linac at TRIUMF. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Victoria; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3460.

Council of Science Editors:

Storey DW. A view screen beam profile monitor for the ARIEL e-linac at TRIUMF. [Masters Thesis]. University of Victoria; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3460

University of Lund

30. Gallo, Yann. Late Cycle Soot Oxidation in Diesel Engines.

Degree: 2016, University of Lund

URL: https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/bf27141e-9e02-4ad2-88cb-4d24a3c4ddef ; https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/16685442/Yann_Gallo_Late_Cycle_Soot_Oxidation_in_Diesel_Engines_DIGITAL.pdf

► Diesel engines are the most common engine technology used in transportation. Its widespread use comes from its inherent high efficiency and its relative low cost.… (more)

▼ Diesel engines are the most common engine technology used in transportation. Its widespread use comes from its inherent high efficiency and its relative low cost. It suffers from pollutant emission issues, however, that need detailed understanding of their origins to meet the strictest current and upcoming emission standards. The work presented in this thesis focuses on the study of the mechanism at the origin of soot particle emissions and gives indications on which parameters can effectively reduce them.There are two competing in-cylinder processes, soot formation and soot oxidation, governing soot emissions from conventional combustion in diesel engines. To this day, it is still often believed that inhibiting the formation of soot reduces its emissions, despite several studies showing poor relationship between soot formation and emission in most conditions encountered in diesel engines. The results presented in this thesis aims at highlighting the importance of soot oxidation in the late cycle over the soot formation process. An effort was realized to identify the parameters governing its oxidation and how it results in lower emission levels. The study of those parameters has been realised through the use of in-cylinder sampling of gases and optical measurements. The optical measurements were realised in a heavy-duty diesel engine using a Bowditch design with a specifically designed three-valve cylinder head. This cylinder head had an optical access located at the top of the combustion chamber, allowing the study of processes occurring in the late cycle, when the piston is moving down into the cylinder. The diagnostic chosen for this study is called laser extinction, a line of sight technique based on the absorption of light by the soot particles present in the flame. The data collected gave information on the evolution of the soot concentration and could be used to characterise the soot oxidation rate in the late cycle. The in-cylinder sampling measurements were realized in order to gather information on the soot particle characteristics.The results showed a strong correlation between the soot oxidation rates and the emission levels, underlining the importance of improving the oxidation rate rather than the soot formation in order to reduce soot emissions. It was shown that increasing the mixing of gases in the cylinder by means of increased turbulences could lead to a negative impact on the soot oxidation rates that were passed on to the soot levels in the exhaust. A variation of temperature of gases showed little to no impact on the soot oxidation rates and did not seem to effectively impact the emission levels. An increase of the gas density in the cylinder of gases lead to improved oxidation rate that also reduced emission levels. Of the injection related parameters studied, the injection pressure and the injector hole size had a strong impact on the soot oxidation rates even long after the end of the injection process. The most important parameter identified that affected the soot oxidation rates was the…

Subjects/Keywords: Energy Engineering; Soot oxidation; Laser extinction; Optical diagnostics; Diesel engines; Gas sampling; Particulate matter

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Gallo, Y. (2016). Late Cycle Soot Oxidation in Diesel Engines. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Lund. Retrieved from https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/bf27141e-9e02-4ad2-88cb-4d24a3c4ddef ; https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/16685442/Yann_Gallo_Late_Cycle_Soot_Oxidation_in_Diesel_Engines_DIGITAL.pdf

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gallo, Yann. “Late Cycle Soot Oxidation in Diesel Engines.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Lund. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/bf27141e-9e02-4ad2-88cb-4d24a3c4ddef ; https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/16685442/Yann_Gallo_Late_Cycle_Soot_Oxidation_in_Diesel_Engines_DIGITAL.pdf.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gallo, Yann. “Late Cycle Soot Oxidation in Diesel Engines.” 2016. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Gallo Y. Late Cycle Soot Oxidation in Diesel Engines. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Lund; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/bf27141e-9e02-4ad2-88cb-4d24a3c4ddef ; https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/16685442/Yann_Gallo_Late_Cycle_Soot_Oxidation_in_Diesel_Engines_DIGITAL.pdf.

Council of Science Editors:

Gallo Y. Late Cycle Soot Oxidation in Diesel Engines. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Lund; 2016. Available from: https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/bf27141e-9e02-4ad2-88cb-4d24a3c4ddef ; https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/16685442/Yann_Gallo_Late_Cycle_Soot_Oxidation_in_Diesel_Engines_DIGITAL.pdf

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Open Access Theses and Dissertations