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University of Alberta
1.
Hagen, Mariel O.
Analysis of goldfish innate immunity following exposure to
oil sands process affected water.
Degree: MS, Department of Biological Sciences, 2013, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/qz20st93s 
► The acute and sub chronic effects of oil sands process affected water (OSPW) and its toxic component, naphthenic acids (NAs) were examined. I exposed goldfish…
(more)
▼ The acute and sub chronic effects of oil sands process
affected water (OSPW) and its toxic component, naphthenic acids
(NAs) were examined. I exposed goldfish for one (acute), or 12 (sub
chronic) weeks and examined immune gene expression, macrophage
function, the ability of exposed fish to control infection with
Trypanosoma carassii, and endocrine disruption. Acute exposure to
20 mg/L commercial naphthenic acids (C-NAs) or OSPW, induced
up-regulation of the expression of immune genes. This up-regulation
in gene expression was related increased resistance to T. carassii.
After sub chronic exposures of goldfish to C-NAs or OSPW, decreased
immune gene expression was observed, suggesting immunosuppression.
This was confirmed by parasite-induced mortality to T. carassii.
Acute exposure to fresh OSPW, and sub chronic exposure to aged or
ozonated OSPW induced up-regulation in genes encoding endocrine
receptors; suggesting possible long-term endocrine disruption
following exposure to ozonated OSPW. Treatment with ozone
ameliorated the acute immunotoxic effects of OSPW .The results in
this thesis represent the first report of immunotoxicity caused by
C-NAs or OSPW exposure in teleosts.
Subjects/Keywords: naphthenic acid; endocrine disruption; OSPW; goldfish; immunity
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APA (6th Edition):
Hagen, M. O. (2013). Analysis of goldfish innate immunity following exposure to
oil sands process affected water. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/qz20st93s
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hagen, Mariel O. “Analysis of goldfish innate immunity following exposure to
oil sands process affected water.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed March 04, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/qz20st93s.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hagen, Mariel O. “Analysis of goldfish innate immunity following exposure to
oil sands process affected water.” 2013. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Hagen MO. Analysis of goldfish innate immunity following exposure to
oil sands process affected water. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/qz20st93s.
Council of Science Editors:
Hagen MO. Analysis of goldfish innate immunity following exposure to
oil sands process affected water. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2013. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/qz20st93s
University of Alberta
2.
Zetouni, Nikolas Cavalheiro.
Genotoxicity and Mutagenicity of Extractable Organics from
Oil Sands Process-Affected Water.
Degree: MS, Medical Sciences-Laboratory Medicine and
Pathology, 2015, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/rv042x11g
► Oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) is produced in the surface mining industry during the hot-water extraction of bitumen from oil-sands ore. Its acid extractable organic…
(more)
▼ Oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) is produced in
the surface mining industry during the hot-water extraction of
bitumen from oil-sands ore. Its acid extractable organic (AEO)
fraction is known to be acutely toxic, but few studies have
addressed its genotoxicity or mutagenicity. Here, the in vitro
SOS-Chromo genotoxicity test and Ames test (TA98 and TA100) were
used to evaluate these endpoints for the whole AEO mixture and two
chemical sub-fractions (acid and neutral extractable), with and
without S9 enzymes. Whole AEO showed increased genotoxicity at
concentrations above 7x (SOS response of 9.63±2.11SD) where S9
fraction decreased genotoxicity by 70%. AEO mutagenicity in the TA
98 strain was similar to the TA100 strain and S9 generally
decreased the mutagenicity. Genotoxicity of the acid extractable
subfraction was lower than whole AEOs, with or without S9, while
the neutral extractable subfraction SOS-response was the lowest and
S9 presence did not significantly decrease genotoxicity. The acid
extractable subfraction mutageniticy was also similar in TA98 and
TA100, and S9 decreased mutagenicity by approximately half, with
the TA 100 strain showing the highest mutagenicity. OSPW AEOs are
genotoxic and mutagenic in the in vitro assays used here, but the
mechanisms are in need of clarification and further studies
examining the carcinogenic potential of OSPW are
warranted.
Subjects/Keywords: OSPW; SOS-chromo test; Ames; Mutagenicity,; Genotoxicity
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APA (6th Edition):
Zetouni, N. C. (2015). Genotoxicity and Mutagenicity of Extractable Organics from
Oil Sands Process-Affected Water. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/rv042x11g
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Zetouni, Nikolas Cavalheiro. “Genotoxicity and Mutagenicity of Extractable Organics from
Oil Sands Process-Affected Water.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed March 04, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/rv042x11g.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Zetouni, Nikolas Cavalheiro. “Genotoxicity and Mutagenicity of Extractable Organics from
Oil Sands Process-Affected Water.” 2015. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Zetouni NC. Genotoxicity and Mutagenicity of Extractable Organics from
Oil Sands Process-Affected Water. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/rv042x11g.
Council of Science Editors:
Zetouni NC. Genotoxicity and Mutagenicity of Extractable Organics from
Oil Sands Process-Affected Water. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2015. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/rv042x11g
University of Alberta
3.
Wang, Yingnan.
Application of coagulation-flocculation process for treating
oil sands process-affected water.
Degree: MS, Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, 2011, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/6682x540c
► Oil Sands Process-Affected Water (OSPW) is generated from oil sands operation processes such as mining, extraction, and upgrading. Currently, accumulated OSPW is temporarily stored in…
(more)
▼ Oil Sands Process-Affected Water (OSPW) is generated
from oil sands operation processes such as mining, extraction, and
upgrading. Currently, accumulated OSPW is temporarily stored in
tailings ponds which are toxic to the environment and must be
treated for either reuse or safe discharge in the future. In this
project, coagulation-flocculation as a conventional
physico-chemical treatment process was investigated to remove
suspended solids and some organic carbons from OSPW. Aluminum
sulfate (alum) and ferric sulfate were studied as coagulants in
bench-scale experiments using jar-test apparatus, in combination
with selected coagulant aids including cationic, anionic and
non-ionic polymers. Experiments were carried out to optimize
jar-test operating conditions for each coagulant. Based on the
results, more than 96% total suspended solids were removed from
OSPW after treatment.
Subjects/Keywords: physico-chemical; OSPW; tailings; coagulation; oil sands
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APA (6th Edition):
Wang, Y. (2011). Application of coagulation-flocculation process for treating
oil sands process-affected water. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/6682x540c
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wang, Yingnan. “Application of coagulation-flocculation process for treating
oil sands process-affected water.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed March 04, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/6682x540c.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wang, Yingnan. “Application of coagulation-flocculation process for treating
oil sands process-affected water.” 2011. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Wang Y. Application of coagulation-flocculation process for treating
oil sands process-affected water. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/6682x540c.
Council of Science Editors:
Wang Y. Application of coagulation-flocculation process for treating
oil sands process-affected water. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2011. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/6682x540c
University of Waterloo
4.
Date, Vinay.
Response of Peatland Microbial Community Function to Contamination by Naphthenic Acids and Sodium in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region, Alberta, Canada.
Degree: 2016, University of Waterloo
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/11009
► Reclamation of closed oil sands mining operations in former pristine boreal ecosystems of the Athabasca Oil Sands Region of Alberta, Canada (AOSR) requires construction of…
(more)
▼ Reclamation of closed oil sands mining operations in former pristine boreal ecosystems of the Athabasca Oil Sands Region of Alberta, Canada (AOSR) requires construction of new fen land uses such as peatlands in order to meet the environmental regulatory requirements for restoration of ‘equivalent landscape capacity’ and because ‘wetlands are required as an integral part of the reclaimed landscape’ (Alberta Government 2000). Reconstruction rather than restoration is required due to the extensive disruption to the vegetation and hydrology of these sites inherent to the mining process. Such sites will be constructed with tailings sands forming part of the aquifer; consequently, they may be exposed through leaching to a variety of chemical contaminant species either not present (e.g. naphthenic acids) or present at significantly higher-than-baseline concentrations (Na+) than in the pre-disturbance sites. The presence of these contaminants is likely to affect both the plant and microbial communities, which are the two major players in the carbon cycling function of peatland landscapes, and the effects of these contaminants on the microbial community is unknown in such landscapes. Oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) contains high concentrations of the contaminants to which these sites might be exposed. This study therefore tested the effects of OSPW on the aerobic and anaerobic carbon-cycling potential activity of the microbial communities of a variety of reference peatlands from the AOSR to determine the possible effects these contaminants might have on the communities of these constructed sites, through measurement of substrate-induced respiration (SIR) and methanogenic potential respectively. This study also measured the baseline aerobic and anaerobic carbon-cycling potential of these sites, to provide a reference baseline against which site managers might measure the development of such sites.
Aerobic carbon-cycling potential at the start of the growing season was not significantly different (p=0.799) between the hypersaline rich fen and the Sphagnum-dominated poor fen, which both had significantly greater aerobic carbon-cycling potential than the treed rich fen at the start of the growing season. The sites’ aerobic carbon-cycling potential did not significantly differ between any pair of sites at midseason. The low potential of the treed rich fen was attributed to phosphorus limitation indicated by a substrate preference for low molecular-weight organic acids in that site. None of the sites displayed any significant change in overall SIR on exposure to OSPW, though the hypersaline site showed an SIR preference for saccharide compounds only under contamination, attributed to salt stress response from the high levels of Na+ present in OSPW. The overall lack of effect of OSPW contamination was likely either due to short incubation times (6h) or the immobilization of OSPW contaminants through physical and chemical interactions with the peat substrate.
Control methanogenic potential was highest at the treed rich…
Subjects/Keywords: Peat; Microbial Ecology; Carbon Cycling; OSPW
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APA (6th Edition):
Date, V. (2016). Response of Peatland Microbial Community Function to Contamination by Naphthenic Acids and Sodium in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region, Alberta, Canada. (Thesis). University of Waterloo. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10012/11009
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Date, Vinay. “Response of Peatland Microbial Community Function to Contamination by Naphthenic Acids and Sodium in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region, Alberta, Canada.” 2016. Thesis, University of Waterloo. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10012/11009.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Date, Vinay. “Response of Peatland Microbial Community Function to Contamination by Naphthenic Acids and Sodium in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region, Alberta, Canada.” 2016. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Date V. Response of Peatland Microbial Community Function to Contamination by Naphthenic Acids and Sodium in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region, Alberta, Canada. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/11009.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Date V. Response of Peatland Microbial Community Function to Contamination by Naphthenic Acids and Sodium in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region, Alberta, Canada. [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/11009
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Alberta
5.
Beck, Elizabeth M.
Effects of Oil Sands Process-Affected Water on
Waterfowl.
Degree: MS, Department of Biological Sciences, 2014, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/sx61dm979
► The oil sands landscape in northern Alberta is interspersed with large tailings ponds that hold wastewater from bitumen mining and extraction processes. Recent monitoring results…
(more)
▼ The oil sands landscape in northern Alberta is
interspersed with large tailings ponds that hold wastewater from
bitumen mining and extraction processes. Recent monitoring results
indicate that annually many thousands of birds, mostly migrating
waterfowl, land on the ponds associated with this industry, but
very few appear to die because of that contact. Mortalities are
typically associated with bitumen exposure, which coats bird
feathers to prevent flight, flotation, and thermoregulation. The
recent awareness that many birds land creates an urgent need to
understand the sublethal effects of contact with other pond
constituents such as naphthenic acids, polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons, and metals. In this thesis, I reviewed the
toxicological effects on birds of exposure to oil sands
process-affected water and inferred potential toxicities of
untested effects using a broader literature. There are few
descriptions in the peer-reviewed literature of these effects, but
some studies suggest that exposure to it causes reproductive
disorders, alterations in endocrine and immune function, and
changes in growth, metabolism, and population structure. To address
the paucity of studies on waterfowl, I conducted a field experiment
to emulate the repeated, short-term exposures to process-affected
water that migrating water birds might experience in the oil sands.
Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domestica) were exposed to recycled
process-affected water without visible bitumen. Each exposure
consisted of placing an individual bird in a plastic tub containing
approximately 15 L of either process-affected water or tap water
(controls) for 6–8 hours. Birds were exposed three times as
juveniles and six times as adults. I assessed toxicity by
evaluating body mass and a suite of biochemical, endocrinological,
and hematological analytes as well as metal residues in the birds.
Results provided little evidence of toxicity. Relative to controls,
juvenile birds exposed to process-affected water had higher
potassium, and lower bicarbonate and cholesterol following the
final exposure period, and juvenile males had a higher thyroid
hormone ratio (T3/T4). Adult birds exposed to process-affected
water had higher levels of vanadium and lower gamma-glutamyl
transferase, and, following the final exposure period, higher
bicarbonate. Adult female treated birds had higher bile acid,
globulin, and molybdenum levels, whereas adult males exhibited
higher levels of corticosterone. However, even for the analytes
that differed significantly, means were within standard reference
intervals for birds, suggesting the absence of significant
biological or toxicological effects. While it is premature to
assume that ponds containing recycled water are not toxic to birds,
the literature review combined with my own field experiment suggest
that these ponds are substantially less dangerous than ponds
containing bitumen and fresh tailings. More work will be needed to
determine the generality of these results. However, for ponds that
are not acutely lethal to birds and do…
Subjects/Keywords: Endocrinology; Oil sands; OSPW; Hematology; Biochemistry; Mallard; Metals; Waterfowl; Bird; Toxicology
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Beck, E. M. (2014). Effects of Oil Sands Process-Affected Water on
Waterfowl. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/sx61dm979
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Beck, Elizabeth M. “Effects of Oil Sands Process-Affected Water on
Waterfowl.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed March 04, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/sx61dm979.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Beck, Elizabeth M. “Effects of Oil Sands Process-Affected Water on
Waterfowl.” 2014. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Beck EM. Effects of Oil Sands Process-Affected Water on
Waterfowl. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/sx61dm979.
Council of Science Editors:
Beck EM. Effects of Oil Sands Process-Affected Water on
Waterfowl. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2014. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/sx61dm979
University of Alberta
6.
Brandon, Jordan T.
Turbidity Mitigation in an Oil Sands End Pit Lake through pH
Reduction and Fresh Water Addition.
Degree: MS, Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, 2016, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/crj430470h
► The remediation of oil sands wastes such as fluid fine tailings (FFT) and oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) are of increasing concern in the oil…
(more)
▼ The remediation of oil sands wastes such as fluid fine
tailings (FFT) and oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) are of
increasing concern in the oil sands industry. End pit lakes are one
remediation option currently being researched at commercial scale
in Base Mine Lake (BML) operated by Syncrude Canada Ltd. BML
contains a bottom layer of FFT, averaging 45 m, and a top layer of
OSPW and fresh water with a depth of 8.5 m in 2014. BML has
experienced high turbidity in the water layer throughout its
lifetime, hindering sunlight penetration into the lake which is
essential to the development of a healthy ecosystem that in turn
drives the remediation of FFT and OSPW. Two research questions were
studied during this series of experiments: (1) Can lowering the pH
increase water clarity and (2) how does water composition affect
water clarity. Addition of 500 L to 4000 L of CO2 to the water
layer of a 160 L column lowered the pH from 8 to 6 with no initial
improvement in Secchi disk depth (0.2 m) in 80% OSPW (20% fresh
water), 60% OSPW (40% fresh water) and 20% OSPW (80% fresh water).
The addition of HCl in 80% OSPW lowered the pH from 6 to 3.5 and
resulted in an increase in water clarity as measured by Secchi disk
depth from 0.2 m to 0.8 m within five days. A secondary improvement
was seen between 30 and 60 days with Secchi depth improving from
0.8 m to 1.6 m. This time lag was unexpected and mirrored in 60%
OSPW with CO2 addition. Secchi depth improved in 60% OSPW from 0.2
m to 1.2 m between day 78 and day 113 with no significant
improvement before day 78. 60% OSPW (Control) without CO2 addition
and 20% OSPW with CO2 addition did not show an improvement in water
clarity in the same time frame. The reason the time lag is present
in not readily apparent but may be due to the reaction kinetics of
the dissolution of CaCO3 and the cation exchange on suspended clay
particles. iii Turbidity was reduced in 60% OSPW (300 NTU to 10
NTU), 60% OSPW (Control) (300 NTU to 57 NTU) and 20% OSPW (200 NTU
to 57 NTU). Turbidity of 23 NTU corresponded to Secchi depth of 1.2
m in 60% OSPW, exceeding the goal of 1 m and indicating sufficient
water clarity for the development of a healthy ecosystem.
Decreasing the pH is a possible way to increase water clarity but
is affected by the ionic strength of the water layer. Experiments
on 2 L columns over three months with 90% OSPW, 81% OSPW, 54% OSPW,
36% OSPW, 18% OSPW, 5% OSPW and 100% BCR and no pH adjustment
resulted in no discernible effect of water composition on water
clarity. Only 5% OSPW showed turbidity values (24 NTU) similar to
the 23 NTU indicated as sufficient for water clarity. No pattern
was found relating water composition to final turbidity. The
relationship between light penetration depth (0.01 light intensity)
and Secchi depth was also explored and yielded an experimental
equation of light penetration depth = 1.45 * Secchi depth +
0.1.
Subjects/Keywords: Turbidity; End Pit Lake; Oil Sands; pH; FFT; OSPW
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APA (6th Edition):
Brandon, J. T. (2016). Turbidity Mitigation in an Oil Sands End Pit Lake through pH
Reduction and Fresh Water Addition. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/crj430470h
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Brandon, Jordan T. “Turbidity Mitigation in an Oil Sands End Pit Lake through pH
Reduction and Fresh Water Addition.” 2016. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed March 04, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/crj430470h.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Brandon, Jordan T. “Turbidity Mitigation in an Oil Sands End Pit Lake through pH
Reduction and Fresh Water Addition.” 2016. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Brandon JT. Turbidity Mitigation in an Oil Sands End Pit Lake through pH
Reduction and Fresh Water Addition. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/crj430470h.
Council of Science Editors:
Brandon JT. Turbidity Mitigation in an Oil Sands End Pit Lake through pH
Reduction and Fresh Water Addition. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2016. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/crj430470h
University of Alberta
7.
Blunt, Brian.
Fish olfaction: a biosensor for anthropogenic
contaminants.
Degree: MS, Department of Biological Sciences, 2014, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/3484zh00p
► Anthropogenic contaminants can impair olfactory responses to natural odorants. In fishes, these impairments may be used as a metric of sub-lethal toxicity. My studies aimed…
(more)
▼ Anthropogenic contaminants can impair olfactory
responses to natural odorants. In fishes, these impairments may be
used as a metric of sub-lethal toxicity. My studies aimed to
determine the effects of two contaminant sources on fish olfaction
as measured by electro-olfactography (EOG). The effects of treated
municipal reuse water and oil sands process affected water were
examined in two fish species, goldfish (Carassius auratus) and
rainbow trout (Oncorynchus mykiss). Both contaminant sources were
found to decrease olfactory responses to odorants during acute (30
min) and long term (60 and 7 d) exposures. My studies also aimed to
identify a novel class of odorants (nucleosides). It was determined
that nucleosides are detected, as are the nucleobases that comprise
part of their structure. Overall the focus of my thesis was to
investigate olfactory toxicity in fishes and to characterize a new
class of odorants for future studies.
Subjects/Keywords: EOG; electro-olfactogram; OSPW; Fish; olfaction; reuse water
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Blunt, B. (2014). Fish olfaction: a biosensor for anthropogenic
contaminants. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/3484zh00p
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Blunt, Brian. “Fish olfaction: a biosensor for anthropogenic
contaminants.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed March 04, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/3484zh00p.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Blunt, Brian. “Fish olfaction: a biosensor for anthropogenic
contaminants.” 2014. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Blunt B. Fish olfaction: a biosensor for anthropogenic
contaminants. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/3484zh00p.
Council of Science Editors:
Blunt B. Fish olfaction: a biosensor for anthropogenic
contaminants. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2014. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/3484zh00p
University of Saskatchewan
8.
Mahaffey, Ashley.
Comparison of the reproductive and embyro-larval effects of commercial and extracted naphthenic acid mixtures in Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas).
Degree: 2015, University of Saskatchewan
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/12223
► To improve monitoring efforts and establish a guideline that is relevant to oil sands naphthenic acids, more information is needed to understand the composition of…
(more)
▼ To improve monitoring efforts and establish a guideline that is relevant to oil sands naphthenic acids, more information is needed to understand the composition of naphthenic acid components in raw
OSPW and their role in determining toxicity. Commercial naphthenic acids have been used as a toxicological surrogate for naphthenic acids in raw
OSPW. The primary objective of this research was to conduct a thorough source, pathway to receptor analysis for reproducing fish exposed to a commercial (Fluka) and an oil sands extracted naphthenic acid mixture. To improve the environmental relevance, reverse osmosis water was used to match water quality conditions in the Athabasca River. Steady-state naphthenic acid concentrations were achieved in the flow-through system design for both Fluka treatments. Naphthenic acid concentrations measured in the water were roughly half the nominal concentrations. The difference observed demonstrates the importance of measuring in-water concentrations in future toxicological assessments with oil sands naphthenic acids. This research is the first to apply high resolution mass spectrometry to detect and estimate the uptake of naphthenic acids in fish muscle tissue. Although the tissue estimates are semi-quantitative, the results are consistent with the current GC-MS method to analyse naphthenic acids in biological tissues. The reproductive and embryo-larval effects were more pronounced in fathead minnows exposed to the same nominal concentration (5 mg/L) of the commercial mixture relative to the oil sands extracted mixture. A significant decrease in cumulative egg production and larval survival and an increased deformity rate was observed in the commercial naphthenic acid exposure. No significant differences were observed in reproduction or embryo-larval development in the extracted naphthenic acid exposure. The results of the present study clearly demonstrate significant toxicological differences in population level endpoints between commercial and oil sands naphthenic acids. Toxicological data from commercial mixtures should not be used in the development of a water quality guideline for naphthenic acids extracted from raw
OSPW. However, toxicological assessments with oil sands extracted mixtures are limited. Similar to the conclusion reported in the 1998 CEATAG review, currently there is insufficient information to recommend a water quality guideline for the protection of aquatic life for oil sands naphthenic acids.
Advisors/Committee Members: de Boer, Dirk, Headley, John, Aitken, Alec.
Subjects/Keywords: OSPW; naphthenic acids; commercial mixture; extracted mixture; fathead minnow; reproduction; embyro-larval development
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APA (6th Edition):
Mahaffey, A. (2015). Comparison of the reproductive and embyro-larval effects of commercial and extracted naphthenic acid mixtures in Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). (Thesis). University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10388/12223
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mahaffey, Ashley. “Comparison of the reproductive and embyro-larval effects of commercial and extracted naphthenic acid mixtures in Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas).” 2015. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10388/12223.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mahaffey, Ashley. “Comparison of the reproductive and embyro-larval effects of commercial and extracted naphthenic acid mixtures in Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas).” 2015. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Mahaffey A. Comparison of the reproductive and embyro-larval effects of commercial and extracted naphthenic acid mixtures in Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/12223.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Mahaffey A. Comparison of the reproductive and embyro-larval effects of commercial and extracted naphthenic acid mixtures in Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/12223
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Lethbridge
9.
University of Lethbridge. Faculty of Arts and Science.
Sub-lethal effects of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) in two aquatic organisms : Daphnia magna and rainbow trout
.
Degree: 2017, University of Lethbridge
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10133/4903
► My thesis contributes to a better understanding of the impacts of OSPW on aquatic organisms by investigating its sub-lethal effects on an invertebrate (Daphnia magna)…
(more)
▼ My thesis contributes to a better understanding of the impacts of OSPW on aquatic organisms by investigating its sub-lethal effects on an invertebrate (Daphnia magna) and a vertebrate (rainbow trout) model species. Studies conducted on D. magna demonstrated that OSPW impairs feeding, reduces hemoglobin content, increases oxygen consumption, and reduces growth, reproduction and macronutrient reserves of exposed animals at 1 to 10% concentrations. I also investigated the interaction of OSPW with the chemosensory system of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). I demonstrated that rainbow trout are able to detect and behaviourally avoid low concentrations (0.1%) of OSPW. However, even a short-term (< 5 min) interaction with OSPW reduced olfactory acuity. The toxic effect of OSPW on the fish olfactory system gradually increased with increasing exposure time. Overall, the results of my thesis suggest that untreated OSPW, even at low concentrations (1% OSPW), can affect different aspects of aquatic animals.
Subjects/Keywords: aquatic organisms;
contaminants;
ecological death;
oil sands process-affected water;
OSPW;
sub-lethal effects
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
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APA (6th Edition):
Science, U. o. L. F. o. A. a. (2017). Sub-lethal effects of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) in two aquatic organisms : Daphnia magna and rainbow trout
. (Thesis). University of Lethbridge. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10133/4903
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Science, University of Lethbridge. Faculty of Arts and. “Sub-lethal effects of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) in two aquatic organisms : Daphnia magna and rainbow trout
.” 2017. Thesis, University of Lethbridge. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10133/4903.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Science, University of Lethbridge. Faculty of Arts and. “Sub-lethal effects of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) in two aquatic organisms : Daphnia magna and rainbow trout
.” 2017. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Science UoLFoAa. Sub-lethal effects of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) in two aquatic organisms : Daphnia magna and rainbow trout
. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Lethbridge; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10133/4903.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Science UoLFoAa. Sub-lethal effects of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) in two aquatic organisms : Daphnia magna and rainbow trout
. [Thesis]. University of Lethbridge; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10133/4903
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
10.
Huang, Chunkai.
Treatment of Oil Sands Process-affected Water (OSPW) Using
Integrated Fixed-film Activated Sludge (IFAS) Reactors.
Degree: PhD, Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, 2016, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/cvm40xr794
► The oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) generated from bitumen extraction of oil sands, is currently stored in tailings ponds due to its toxicity to the…
(more)
▼ The oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) generated
from bitumen extraction of oil sands, is currently stored in
tailings ponds due to its toxicity to the aquatic organisms. The
primary toxic constituents of OSPW are a complex mixture of
alicyclic and aliphatic compounds containing carboxyl radicals
known as naphthenic acids (NAs). Cost-effective removal of NAs from
OSPW is a key determinant for OSPW remediation. Thus, appropriate
OSPW treatment processes are urgently needed to achieve the demand
for extensive remediation of OSPW. To address the above need, the
current study investigated the application of integrated fixed-film
activated sludge (IFAS) reactor for OSPW treatment by applying
different modes of operation (continuous and batch) for both raw
and ozonated OSPWs. After 11 months of start-up, 12.1% of the acid
extractable fraction (AEF) and 43.1% of the parent NAs were removed
in the raw OSPW IFAS, while 42.0% AEF and 80.2% of parent NAs were
removed in the ozonated OSPW IFAS. UPLC/HRMS analysis showed that
NA biodegradation significantly decreased as the NA cyclization
number increased. After 283 days of cultivation, the biofilm in the
ozonated OSPW IFAS was significantly thicker than that in the raw
OSPW IFAS. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR)
revealed that the abundance proportions of both nitrifier genes
(aomA, NSR and Nitro) and denitrifier genes (narG, nirS, nirK and
nosZ) within total bacteria were significantly higher in biofilms
than in flocs in the raw OSPW IFAS system, but a different trend
was observed in the ozonated OSPW IFAS system. Further study
investigated the microbial communities of OSPW, the seed sludge,
both flocs and biofilms from two IFAS systems during the start-up
period. Bacterial community in the seed sludge (activated sludge
from Gold Bar Wastewater Treatment Plant (AS from GBWTP)) of two
IFAS systems showed the greatest richness and evenness. Chao 1
value and Shannon diversity index results showed that the bacterial
richness and microbial diversity of biofilms were significantly
higher than those in flocs in both IFAS systems. The microbial
community analysis from 454 sequencing revealed that
Proteobacteria, Nitrospirae, Acidobacteria and Bacteroidetes were
dominant phyla in both flocs and biofilms of IFAS reactors.
However, the phyla and classes distribution of flocs and biofilms
were significantly different. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA)
indicated that there were obvious differences in the microbial
community between the biomass in IFAS systems and the seed sludge
(AS from GBWTP) used for the start-up of IFAS systems. The batch
experiments evaluated the roles of suspended flocs and attached
biofilms from IFAS systems in their overall contribution toward
organic compounds removal in OSPW. Compared to the biofilms, the
flocs demonstrated considerably higher removal rates for chemical
oxygen demand (COD) and ammonium, whereas, biofilms had better
performance on the AEF removal than flocs. Meanwhile, the results
also revealed that the biodegradation was…
Subjects/Keywords: Oil sands process-affected water (OSPW); Ozonation; Integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS); Microbial community; Flocs; Biofilms
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Huang, C. (2016). Treatment of Oil Sands Process-affected Water (OSPW) Using
Integrated Fixed-film Activated Sludge (IFAS) Reactors. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/cvm40xr794
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Huang, Chunkai. “Treatment of Oil Sands Process-affected Water (OSPW) Using
Integrated Fixed-film Activated Sludge (IFAS) Reactors.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Alberta. Accessed March 04, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/cvm40xr794.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Huang, Chunkai. “Treatment of Oil Sands Process-affected Water (OSPW) Using
Integrated Fixed-film Activated Sludge (IFAS) Reactors.” 2016. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Huang C. Treatment of Oil Sands Process-affected Water (OSPW) Using
Integrated Fixed-film Activated Sludge (IFAS) Reactors. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/cvm40xr794.
Council of Science Editors:
Huang C. Treatment of Oil Sands Process-affected Water (OSPW) Using
Integrated Fixed-film Activated Sludge (IFAS) Reactors. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2016. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/cvm40xr794
11.
Valdes Labrada, Guadalupe Montserrat.
Biodegradation of Naphthenic Acids in Microbial Fuel Cell type bioreactors.
Degree: 2017, University of Saskatchewan
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/7869
► Canada has the third largest oil reserves in the world. Close to 96% of these reserves are located in oil sands deposits (CAPP, 2015). Extraction…
(more)
▼ Canada has the third largest oil reserves in the world. Close to 96% of these reserves are located in oil sands deposits (CAPP, 2015). Extraction of bitumen from these oil sands is carried out by alkaline hot water process (Clark Process) which results in the generation of large volumes of waters contaminated with naphthenic acids (NAs). These waters are referred to as Oil Sands Process Water (
OSPW) and they are maintained in large tailing ponds due to their toxicity and a zero-discharge policy enforced by the Government.
Given the environmental challenges associated with
OSPW and tailing ponds, several physicochemical and biological treatments have been evaluated as remediation option. Previous studies in our research group have successfully achieved biodegradation of model NAs in conventional bioreactors of various configurations under aerobic and anoxic conditions (Paslawski et al., 2009; Huang et al., 2012; D’Souza et al., 2014; Gunawan et al., 2014; Dong and Nemati, 2016). Against this background, the current work offer an alternative treatment approach based on anoxic biodegradation of NAs in Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs). MFCs are unconventional bioreactor in which biodegradation of a contaminant occurs with concomitant generation of energy.
In the present study, biodegradations of a linear (octanoic acid) and a cyclic NA (trans-4-methyl-1-cyclohexane carboxylic acid, trans-4MCHCA) were evaluated in MFCs. Firstly, biodegradation of individual NAs (100, 250 and 500 mg L-1) was carried out in batch operated MFCs with either graphite rod or granular graphite electrodes. Maximum biodegradation rates in the single rod electrode MFCs were achieved during the biodegradation of NAs with highest concentration (1.56 and 2.46 mg L-1 h-1 for trans-4MCHCA and octanoic acid, respectively). This trend was also observed in MFCs with granular electrodes, where the removal of 500 mg L-1 of each individual compound led to the highest biodegradation rates, with values of 7.2 and 22.78 mg L-1 h-1 for trans-4MCHCA and octanoic acid, respectively. Regardless of the type of employed electrodes, biodegradation of the linear NA occurred at a rate much faster than that of its cyclic counterpart. Moreover, sequential batch operation of MFCs enhanced the biodegradation rate of both compounds.
In continuously operated MFCs with granular electrodes, biodegradation of each individual NAs (trans-4MCHCA or octanoic acid) was assessed at initial concentrations of 100, 250 and 500 mg L-1, with the maximum biodegradation rate again achieved with the highest NA concentration (36.5 and 49.9 mg L-1 h-1 for trans-4MCHCA and octanoic acid, respectively). Interestingly, the highest current and power densities were attained when the biodegradation rate was at the level, with the values being 481.5 mW m-3 and 4296.3 mA m-3 for trans-4MCHCA, and 963.0 mW m-3 and 6000.0 mA m-3 for octanoic acid.
Co-biodegradation of linear and cyclic NAs was also studied using mixtures of NAs with different concentrations in two MFC configurations: batch-wise operated with…
Advisors/Committee Members: Nemati, Mehdi, Evitts, Richard, Zhang, Lifeng, Kerry, McPhedran.
Subjects/Keywords: Naphthenic Acids; Microbial Fuel Cell; OSPW; Bioremediation
…79
4.8 Overview of the works focusing on treatment of aromatic compounds, NAs or OSPW in… …4.6 Overview of earlier works on biodegradation of aromatic compounds, NAs or OSPW in
MFC… …Naphthenic Acids
OCP: Open Circuit Potential
OD: Optical Density
OSPW: Oil Sand Process Water
PAHs… …contaminated water known as Oil Sand Process Water (OSPW). According to
the Canadian… …x29;.
The main toxic compounds in OSPW are naphthenic acids (NAs), and their…
Record Details
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Share »
Record Details
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Cite
« Share
❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Valdes Labrada, G. M. (2017). Biodegradation of Naphthenic Acids in Microbial Fuel Cell type bioreactors. (Thesis). University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10388/7869
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Valdes Labrada, Guadalupe Montserrat. “Biodegradation of Naphthenic Acids in Microbial Fuel Cell type bioreactors.” 2017. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10388/7869.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Valdes Labrada, Guadalupe Montserrat. “Biodegradation of Naphthenic Acids in Microbial Fuel Cell type bioreactors.” 2017. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Valdes Labrada GM. Biodegradation of Naphthenic Acids in Microbial Fuel Cell type bioreactors. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/7869.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Valdes Labrada GM. Biodegradation of Naphthenic Acids in Microbial Fuel Cell type bioreactors. [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/7869
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
12.
Valdes Labrada, Guadalupe Montserrat.
Biodegradation of Naphthenic Acids in Microbial Fuel Cell type bioreactors.
Degree: 2017, University of Saskatchewan
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/7868
► Canada has the third largest oil reserves in the world. Close to 96% of these reserves are located in oil sands deposits (CAPP, 2015). Extraction…
(more)
▼ Canada has the third largest oil reserves in the world. Close to 96% of these reserves are located in oil sands deposits (CAPP, 2015). Extraction of bitumen from these oil sands is carried out by alkaline hot water process (Clark Process) which results in the generation of large volumes of waters contaminated with naphthenic acids (NAs). These waters are referred to as Oil Sands Process Water (
OSPW) and they are maintained in large tailing ponds due to their toxicity and a zero-discharge policy enforced by the Government.
Given the environmental challenges associated with
OSPW and tailing ponds, several physicochemical and biological treatments have been evaluated as remediation option. Previous studies in our research group have successfully achieved biodegradation of model NAs in conventional bioreactors of various configurations under aerobic and anoxic conditions (Paslawski et al., 2009; Huang et al., 2012; D’Souza et al., 2014; Gunawan et al., 2014; Dong and Nemati, 2016). Against this background, the current work offer an alternative treatment approach based on anoxic biodegradation of NAs in Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs). MFCs are unconventional bioreactor in which biodegradation of a contaminant occurs with concomitant generation of energy.
In the present study, biodegradations of a linear (octanoic acid) and a cyclic NA (trans-4-methyl-1-cyclohexane carboxylic acid, trans-4MCHCA) were evaluated in MFCs. Firstly, biodegradation of individual NAs (100, 250 and 500 mg L-1) was carried out in batch operated MFCs with either graphite rod or granular graphite electrodes. Maximum biodegradation rates in the single rod electrode MFCs were achieved during the biodegradation of NAs with highest concentration (1.56 and 2.46 mg L-1 h-1 for trans-4MCHCA and octanoic acid, respectively). This trend was also observed in MFCs with granular electrodes, where the removal of 500 mg L-1 of each individual compound led to the highest biodegradation rates, with values of 7.2 and 22.78 mg L-1 h-1 for trans-4MCHCA and octanoic acid, respectively. Regardless of the type of employed electrodes, biodegradation of the linear NA occurred at a rate much faster than that of its cyclic counterpart. Moreover, sequential batch operation of MFCs enhanced the biodegradation rate of both compounds.
In continuously operated MFCs with granular electrodes, biodegradation of each individual NAs (trans-4MCHCA or octanoic acid) was assessed at initial concentrations of 100, 250 and 500 mg L-1, with the maximum biodegradation rate again achieved with the highest NA concentration (36.5 and 49.9 mg L-1 h-1 for trans-4MCHCA and octanoic acid, respectively). Interestingly, the highest current and power densities were attained when the biodegradation rate was at the level, with the values being 481.5 mW m-3 and 4296.3 mA m-3 for trans-4MCHCA, and 963.0 mW m-3 and 6000.0 mA m-3 for octanoic acid.
Co-biodegradation of linear and cyclic NAs was also studied using mixtures of NAs with different concentrations in two MFC configurations: batch-wise operated with…
Advisors/Committee Members: Nemati, Mehdi, Evitts, Richard, Zhang, Lifeng, Kerry, McPhedran.
Subjects/Keywords: Naphthenic Acids; Microbial Fuel Cell; OSPW; Bioremediation
…79
4.8 Overview of the works focusing on treatment of aromatic compounds, NAs or OSPW in… …4.6 Overview of earlier works on biodegradation of aromatic compounds, NAs or OSPW in
MFC… …Naphthenic Acids
OCP: Open Circuit Potential
OD: Optical Density
OSPW: Oil Sand Process Water
PAHs… …contaminated water known as Oil Sand Process Water (OSPW). According to
the Canadian… …x29;.
The main toxic compounds in OSPW are naphthenic acids (NAs), and their…
Record Details
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Share »
Record Details
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Cite
« Share
❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Valdes Labrada, G. M. (2017). Biodegradation of Naphthenic Acids in Microbial Fuel Cell type bioreactors. (Thesis). University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10388/7868
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Valdes Labrada, Guadalupe Montserrat. “Biodegradation of Naphthenic Acids in Microbial Fuel Cell type bioreactors.” 2017. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10388/7868.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Valdes Labrada, Guadalupe Montserrat. “Biodegradation of Naphthenic Acids in Microbial Fuel Cell type bioreactors.” 2017. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Valdes Labrada GM. Biodegradation of Naphthenic Acids in Microbial Fuel Cell type bioreactors. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/7868.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Valdes Labrada GM. Biodegradation of Naphthenic Acids in Microbial Fuel Cell type bioreactors. [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/7868
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Western Ontario
13.
Das, Sreejon.
Regeneration potential of activated petroleum coke for application in oil sands process-affected water.
Degree: 2017, University of Western Ontario
URL: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/4721
► Cost effective regeneration of spent adsorbent is crucial for large scale application of adsorption as a viable separation process. While adsorption studies are abundant in…
(more)
▼ Cost effective regeneration of spent adsorbent is crucial for large scale application of adsorption as a viable separation process. While adsorption studies are abundant in literature, systematic and comprehensive regeneration studies are seldom reported in open literature. A proprietary activated carbon from petroleum coke was used for the removal of model naphthenic acids (NAs) and organic compounds from oil sands process-affected water (OSPW). A systematic and comprehensive study was conducted to regenerate the adsorbents. Methanol with aqueous NaOH (pH adjusted to around 12) was applied to regenerate the spent commercially available granular activated carbon (GAC) and activated petroleum-coke (APC). Optimization of solvent volume, solvent pH, regeneration time, and agitation speed was evaluated in preliminary batch experiments. Higher adsorption capacity and regeneration efficiency were achieved for APC due to higher mesoporous surface area during the treatment of two model compounds (2-naphthoic acid and diphenylacetic acid) and NAs rich OSPW than that of the GAC. Thereafter, the optimum regeneration scheme was applied in continuous column operations for recycling the adsorbents. Although, the bed adsorption capacity decreased dramatically after first cycle, the capacity could be stabilized after 2 repeated adsorption-desorption cycles. The regenerating solvent (methanol) was recovered effectively (maximum 90% recovery ratio) using vacuum distillation. Moreover, Na-salts of NA were recovered, which have some commercial applications. A desorption kinetics model was also developed which would be useful for future scaling up of the process.
Subjects/Keywords: Naphthenic acids; OSPW; Adsorption-desorption; 2-naphthoic acid; Diphenylacetic acid; Activated carbon; Activated petroleum coke; Environmental Engineering; Other Chemical Engineering
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Record Details
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Das, S. (2017). Regeneration potential of activated petroleum coke for application in oil sands process-affected water. (Thesis). University of Western Ontario. Retrieved from https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/4721
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Das, Sreejon. “Regeneration potential of activated petroleum coke for application in oil sands process-affected water.” 2017. Thesis, University of Western Ontario. Accessed March 04, 2021.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/4721.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Das, Sreejon. “Regeneration potential of activated petroleum coke for application in oil sands process-affected water.” 2017. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Das S. Regeneration potential of activated petroleum coke for application in oil sands process-affected water. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/4721.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Das S. Regeneration potential of activated petroleum coke for application in oil sands process-affected water. [Thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2017. Available from: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/4721
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Western Ontario
14.
Wan, Jing.
Performance Characterization of Coagulation Pretreatment for Two Industrial Effluents.
Degree: 2017, University of Western Ontario
URL: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/4698
► In this work, performances of coagulation and flocculation were tested for two different industrial effluents. Coagulation-Flocculation and activated carbon adsorption were applied for the remediation…
(more)
▼ In this work, performances of coagulation and flocculation were tested for two different industrial effluents. Coagulation-Flocculation and activated carbon adsorption were applied for the remediation of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW), generated from oil sands operations in Alberta, Canada. OSPW is a complex mixture of suspended solids, various suspended and dissolved organic compounds. Alum and natural coagulant Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) were used as the coagulants, and the process was optimized to improve the removal of turbidity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The maximum removal of 98% and 63% in turbidity and DOC from OSPW, respectively occurred at pH=6.32, with an alum dosage of 190.44 mg/L and activated carbon at 0.28 g/L. Whereas a comparable removal of turbidity and DOC from OSPW occurred at similar pH and carbon loading at a much higher dosage of 780 mg/L for natural coagulant. Adsorption on polymer seems to be the mechanism of removal of DOC from OSPW during coagulation. Natural coagulant increases the DOC of water due to dissolution of sugars and carbohydrates from natural coagulant, but these compounds are highly biodegradable and should not be a problem when treated water is disposed of in natural environment.
Large volumes of bilge water are generated by the ships across the world. Due to the abundance of saline water on-board, performance of sodium chloride/ calcium silicate as a coagulant for oily waste water was determined and compared with that of alum/ calcium carbonate. Almost 93% of the oil was recovered at the top and bottom when 100 mg alum/L and 1 g calcium carbonate/L was used, and a very clear effluent was produced in the middle section of the treatment vessel. 5 wt% of NaCl was effective in coagulating the bilge water, but at a much higher dosage than alum.
Subjects/Keywords: Oil sands process-affected water (OSPW); Bilge water; Coagulation-Flocculation; Natural coagulant; Adsorption; Environmental Engineering; Other Chemical Engineering
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APA (6th Edition):
Wan, J. (2017). Performance Characterization of Coagulation Pretreatment for Two Industrial Effluents. (Thesis). University of Western Ontario. Retrieved from https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/4698
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wan, Jing. “Performance Characterization of Coagulation Pretreatment for Two Industrial Effluents.” 2017. Thesis, University of Western Ontario. Accessed March 04, 2021.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/4698.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wan, Jing. “Performance Characterization of Coagulation Pretreatment for Two Industrial Effluents.” 2017. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Wan J. Performance Characterization of Coagulation Pretreatment for Two Industrial Effluents. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/4698.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Wan J. Performance Characterization of Coagulation Pretreatment for Two Industrial Effluents. [Thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2017. Available from: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/4698
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Waterloo
15.
Si, Michelle Mei Sun.
The effectiveness of photocatalysis on reducing the toxicity of oil sands process-affected water to Lemna minor.
Degree: 2019, University of Waterloo
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/15110
► Oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) is a by-product produced by the surface-mining of oil sands in Alberta, Canada. OSPW has been found to be acutely…
(more)
▼ Oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) is a by-product produced by the surface-mining of oil sands in Alberta, Canada. OSPW has been found to be acutely and chronically toxic to many forms of wildlife, and due to the industry’s zero-discharge policy, it is stored on-site in tailings ponds. There is a need to establish a method to treat OSPW for environmental release as none currently exist. OSPW is a complex saline solution composed of high concentrations of clays, dissolved organic compounds, trace heavy metals, inorganic compounds, and trace amounts of solvents and bitumen. Naphthenic acids are a group of structurally diverse compounds found in the dissolved organics fraction and are among the most toxic organic pollutants present in OSPW. Photocatalysis using TiO2 is a promising method for reducing the toxicity of such compounds via organic mineralization, and it has been proposed that after a primary photocatalytic treatment step, the treated OSPW can be discharged into wetlands for bioremediation and phytoremediation to treat the remaining pollutants. This research is focused on demonstrating the effectiveness of photocatalysis in reducing naphthenic acid toxicity by exposing the treated OSPW to the freshwater macrophyte Lemna minor. Photocatalytic treatment of OSPW reduces the toxicity of dissolved organics such as naphthenic acids to L. minor, but not that of trace heavy metals. This report shows that photocatalysis is effective at degrading organic compounds present in OSPW, and it also provides a better understanding of the effects of different OSPW components on L. minor.
Subjects/Keywords: oil sands process-affected water; OSPW; photocatalysis; aquatic toxicology; TiO2; water treatment; Lemna minor; aquatic toxicity; naphthenic acids
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Si, M. M. S. (2019). The effectiveness of photocatalysis on reducing the toxicity of oil sands process-affected water to Lemna minor. (Thesis). University of Waterloo. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10012/15110
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Si, Michelle Mei Sun. “The effectiveness of photocatalysis on reducing the toxicity of oil sands process-affected water to Lemna minor.” 2019. Thesis, University of Waterloo. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10012/15110.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Si, Michelle Mei Sun. “The effectiveness of photocatalysis on reducing the toxicity of oil sands process-affected water to Lemna minor.” 2019. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Si MMS. The effectiveness of photocatalysis on reducing the toxicity of oil sands process-affected water to Lemna minor. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/15110.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Si MMS. The effectiveness of photocatalysis on reducing the toxicity of oil sands process-affected water to Lemna minor. [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/15110
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Waterloo
16.
Osman, Fares.
Sulfur biogeochemistry in a constructed fen peatland in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region, Alberta, Canada.
Degree: 2018, University of Waterloo
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/13286
► In peatlands, increased sulfate (SO42-) availability can stimulate dissimilatory SO42- reduction (DSR), allowing it to become a prominent anaerobic carbon (C) mineralization process. In turn,…
(more)
▼ In peatlands, increased sulfate (SO42-) availability can stimulate dissimilatory SO42- reduction (DSR), allowing it to become a prominent anaerobic carbon (C) mineralization process. In turn, methane emissions may be suppressed, but at the expense of potentially degrading peat accumulation processes if DSR dominates C mineralization pathways. Additionally, as a product of DSR, sulfide sequesters potentially toxic metals as insoluble precipitates. However, accumulation of dissolved sulfide may be toxic to wetland vegetation species. Peatlands are abundant in the Western Boreal Plain in Alberta, the majority of which are fens. Due to the nature of surface mining in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR), these systems are removed from the landscape. Accordingly, oil sands companies are required to return their post-mined sites to equivalent pre-disturbed conditions. In an attempt to test the feasibility of fen creation in the AOSR, a fen peatland ecosystem, named Nikanotee Fen, has been constructed with water supply from an adjacent tailings sand upland aquifer and surrounding reclaimed hillslopes. In the fen peat deposit, pore water SO42- concentrations are 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher than in surrounding natural peatlands. Due to the nature of the materials used in the design of the system, and the management practices employed prior to construction, the sources that contribute to the elevated pool of SO42- are not well understood. The purpose of this research was to investigate the main sources of SO42- and identify hydrogeochemical controls on its dissolved pool in the pore waters of Nikanotee Fen.
Throughout the study period (2013-2016), pore water SO42- concentrations were generally highest in the upland tailings sand aquifer, primarily derived from legacy gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) in process affected water, in addition to the marine origin of the sand which was reflected by Ca:SO4 molar ratios less than 1 in the groundwater, especially in the eastern region. In the petroleum coke underdrain that was incorporated to control groundwater transport from the upland aquifer, pore water SO42- concentrations increased over time. Dilution, due to freshwater inputs from precipitation and surface runoff generated by the reclaimed hillslopes, was the main mechanism controlling the dissolved SO42- pool in the upland aquifer and petroleum coke underdrain. Additionally, the heterogeneity of the placed tailings sand likely contributed to the variability in pore water SO42- distribution between the eastern and western regions of the upland. Unexpectedly, the peat deposit in 2013 initially experienced substantially higher pore water SO42- concentrations than the underlying petroleum coke underdrain in the western region of the fen, indicating a pre-existing source of SO42- in the peat, possibly due to the prolonged drainage of the donor fen. However, lower average pore water SO42- concentrations than in the underlying petroleum coke underdrain, Ca:SO4 molar ratios exceeding 1, and elevated HCO3- concentrations in the eastern…
Subjects/Keywords: Sulfur; Oil sands; Hydrogeochemistry; Sulfate reduction; OSPW; Gypsum; Wetland reclamation; Cation exchange; Peatland drainage; Tailings sand; Nikanotee Fen; Biogeochemistry; Peat; Athabasca Oil Sands Region; Peat oxidation
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Osman, F. (2018). Sulfur biogeochemistry in a constructed fen peatland in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region, Alberta, Canada. (Thesis). University of Waterloo. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10012/13286
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Osman, Fares. “Sulfur biogeochemistry in a constructed fen peatland in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region, Alberta, Canada.” 2018. Thesis, University of Waterloo. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10012/13286.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Osman, Fares. “Sulfur biogeochemistry in a constructed fen peatland in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region, Alberta, Canada.” 2018. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Osman F. Sulfur biogeochemistry in a constructed fen peatland in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region, Alberta, Canada. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/13286.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Osman F. Sulfur biogeochemistry in a constructed fen peatland in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region, Alberta, Canada. [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/13286
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Waterloo
17.
Vahid, Sohrabi.
In-Situ Chemical Oxidation of Oil Sands Process Affected Groundwater.
Degree: 2014, University of Waterloo
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8957
► Development of oil sands mining in Athabasca basin, NE Alberta has resulted in generation of more than 1 × 109 m3 of oil sands process-affected…
(more)
▼ Development of oil sands mining in Athabasca basin, NE Alberta has resulted in generation of more than 1 × 109 m3 of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) mixed with fine tailings and currently stored in about 182 km2 of tailings ponds. The OSPW has displayed acute toxicity to aquatic organisms due to the presence of a group of acid-extractable organics (AEOs), including aliphatic and cyclo-aliphatic carboxylic acids, termed naphthenic acids (NAs). Although slow aerobic degradation/aging processes in the tailings ponds reduces the toxicity of OSPW, AEOs in the oil sands process-affected groundwater (OSPGW) infiltrating into underlying sandy aquifers remain acutely toxic for decades. Subsequent transport of OSPGW towards surface water is one of the critical consequences of the on-site tailings storage. The main objective of this research was to investigate the potential for in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) to mitigate toxicity of OSPGW. In order for effective application of ISCO of OSPGW three requirements must be met: 1) the oxidant must react with AEOs, 2) the ineffective oxidant consumption by aquifer components must be small, and 3) intimate contact between the injected oxidant and the AEOs in the aquifer within the time when the oxidant remains effective. Permanganate and un-activated persulfate were applied in this research.
A series of batch treatability testing were conducted on a variety of OSPW/OSPGW at temperatures ranging from 22 ˚C to 5 ˚C. The initial set of treatability experiments employed OSPW to evaluate the potential for oxidation of AEOs at 22 ˚C. Both permanganate and un-activated persulfate were able to degrade AEOs present in OSPW. Permanganate oxidation occurred mostly via molecular transformation with some residual dissolved organic carbon (DOC), whereas persulfate mineralized the AEO compounds. Characterization of oxidized samples revealed that permanganate degraded high Z number acids preferentially while persulfate initially reacted with smaller acids. The AEOs from oxidized OSPW showed essentially no Microtox toxicity.
The main goal of the next set of batch treatability experiments was to evaluate degradation of AEOs present in OSPGW, the potential in situ treatment target, at 22 ˚C. Again, both permanganate and persulfate effectively oxidized AEOs present in OSPGW and rendered the AEOs non-toxic, as judged by embryo-larval fathead minnow bioassays. Consistent with previous treatability experiments on OSPW, oxidation/detoxification of OSPGW by permanganate mostly occurred by molecule structural transformations while persulfate oxidation mineralized most AEOs. Interpretation of embryo-larval fathead minnow bioassay along with sample characterization by advanced mass spectrometry suggested that high Z number naphthenic acids have the greatest toxicity. As permanganate degrades higher Z number acids it quickly reduces the toxicity. It was also found that a decrease in carboxylic acid concentration, measured by FTIR, does not necessarily result in decreased toxicity.
Both permanganate…
Subjects/Keywords: oil sands; in situ chemical oxidation; ISCO; OSPW; OSPGW; permanganate; persulfate; toxicity; hydrogeology; Fathead minnow; microtox; naphthenic acids; acid extractable organics; AEOs; NAs; Carboxylic acids
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APA ·
Chicago ·
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CSE |
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Vahid, S. (2014). In-Situ Chemical Oxidation of Oil Sands Process Affected Groundwater. (Thesis). University of Waterloo. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8957
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Vahid, Sohrabi. “In-Situ Chemical Oxidation of Oil Sands Process Affected Groundwater.” 2014. Thesis, University of Waterloo. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8957.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Vahid, Sohrabi. “In-Situ Chemical Oxidation of Oil Sands Process Affected Groundwater.” 2014. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Vahid S. In-Situ Chemical Oxidation of Oil Sands Process Affected Groundwater. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8957.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Vahid S. In-Situ Chemical Oxidation of Oil Sands Process Affected Groundwater. [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8957
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Western Ontario
18.
Gurung, Manju.
Waste Hemp Fibers (HFs) Derived Porous Carbons: Preparation, Characterization, and Potential Applications.
Degree: 2020, University of Western Ontario
URL: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/7455
► The main objective of the present research was to develop environmentally friendly and cost-effective porous carbon materials of improved properties from waste hemp fibers. Two…
(more)
▼ The main objective of the present research was to develop environmentally friendly and cost-effective porous carbon materials of improved properties from waste hemp fibers. Two different types/categories of porous carbons were prepared from hemp fibers. In one type, porous carbon materials were developed by a simple one-step method of carbonization and activation. The other type of carbon materials developed in this study were nitrogen-containing activated carbons, which were developed by introduction of nitrogen-containing functional groups on the surface of hemp fibers followed by activation and carbonization. The pore structure/distribution and surface chemistry of the prepared carbons were investigated through the analysis of BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) surface area, pore size and pore volume, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images, Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra, and Raman scattering. The carbons developed in this study were mostly mesoporous, and the BET surface area and pore volume of the carbon prepared under optimal conditions were significantly higher than those of commercially available carbon products such as granular and powder activated carbons. The potential of hemp fiber-derived carbons as adsorbents for removal of model naphthenic acids from contaminated aqueous solutions was studied, and the removal efficacy of the prepared carbons was evaluated against that of commercial granular activated carbon. The carbons prepared in this study demonstrated substantially higher efficiency than the commercial carbons for removal of model naphthenic acids from aqueous streams.
Subjects/Keywords: Renewable resource; Hemp fibers; Mesoporous carbon; Activated carbon; Activating agent; Nitrogen-functionalized porous; Naphthenic acids; Oil sand process-affected water (OSPW); Adsorptive removal; Batch adsorption.; Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering; Other Chemical Engineering; Transport Phenomena
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Gurung, M. (2020). Waste Hemp Fibers (HFs) Derived Porous Carbons: Preparation, Characterization, and Potential Applications. (Thesis). University of Western Ontario. Retrieved from https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/7455
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Gurung, Manju. “Waste Hemp Fibers (HFs) Derived Porous Carbons: Preparation, Characterization, and Potential Applications.” 2020. Thesis, University of Western Ontario. Accessed March 04, 2021.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/7455.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Gurung, Manju. “Waste Hemp Fibers (HFs) Derived Porous Carbons: Preparation, Characterization, and Potential Applications.” 2020. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Gurung M. Waste Hemp Fibers (HFs) Derived Porous Carbons: Preparation, Characterization, and Potential Applications. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/7455.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Gurung M. Waste Hemp Fibers (HFs) Derived Porous Carbons: Preparation, Characterization, and Potential Applications. [Thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2020. Available from: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/7455
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
. 
Open Access Theses and Dissertations
