subject:(Negative Valve Overlap)

University of Alberta

1. Schramm, Alexander E. Effects of Negative Valve Overlap on HCCI Combustion and its use in the Control of HCCI Combustion Timing.

Degree: MS, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2014, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/x920fx024

► Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion can produce higher efficiencies and lower emissions when compared to tradition spark or compression ignition engines. This study reports… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Valve Timing; Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition; NVO; Control; Negative Valve Overlap; HCCI

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APA (6^th Edition):

Schramm, A. E. (2014). Effects of Negative Valve Overlap on HCCI Combustion and its use in the Control of HCCI Combustion Timing. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/x920fx024

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Schramm, Alexander E. “Effects of Negative Valve Overlap on HCCI Combustion and its use in the Control of HCCI Combustion Timing.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed April 14, 2021. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/x920fx024.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Schramm, Alexander E. “Effects of Negative Valve Overlap on HCCI Combustion and its use in the Control of HCCI Combustion Timing.” 2014. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Schramm AE. Effects of Negative Valve Overlap on HCCI Combustion and its use in the Control of HCCI Combustion Timing. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/x920fx024.

Council of Science Editors:

Schramm AE. Effects of Negative Valve Overlap on HCCI Combustion and its use in the Control of HCCI Combustion Timing. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2014. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/x920fx024

Penn State University

2. Kalaskar, Vickey Baliram. Ignition Behavior of Gasolines and Surrogate Fuels in Low Temperature Combustion Strategies.

Degree: 2015, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/25975

► This dissertation discusses the results from three different studies aimed at understanding the importance of fuel chemical structure during low temperature combustion (LTC) strategies, like… (more)

▼ This dissertation discusses the results from three different studies aimed at understanding the importance of fuel chemical structure during low temperature combustion (LTC) strategies, like homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and partially premixed combustion (PPC) employed in internal combustion (IC) engines wherein the focus is on high octane fuels. Boosted intake air operation combined with exhaust gas recirculation, internal as well as external, has become a standard path for expanding the load limits of IC engines employing LTC strategies mentioned above as well as conventional diesel and spark ignition (SI) engines. However, the effects of fuel compositional variation have not been fully explored. The first study focusses on three different fuels, where each of them were evaluated using a single cylinder boosted HCCI engine using negative valve overlap. The three fuels investigated were: a regular grade gasoline (RON = 90.2), 30% ethanol-gasoline blend (E30, RON = 100.3), and 24% iso-butanol-gasoline blend (IB24, RON = 96.6). Detailed sweeps of intake manifold pressure (atmospheric to 250 kPaa), EGR (0 – 25% EGR), and injection timing were conducted to identify fuel-specific effects. While significant fuel compositional differences existed, the results showed that all these fuels achieved comparable operation with minor changes in operational conditions. Further, it was shown that the available enthalpy from the exhaust would not be sufficient to satisfy the boost requirements at higher load operation by doing an analysis of the required turbocharger efficiency. While the first study concentrated on load expansion of HCCI, it is important to mention that controlling LTC strategies is difficult under low load or idle operating conditions. To ensure stable operation, fuel injection in the negative valve overlap (NVO) is used as one of method of achieving combustion control. However the combustion chemistry under high temperature and fuel rich conditions that exist during the NVO have not been previously explored. The second study focused on examining the products of fuel rich chemistry as a result of fuel injection in the NVO. In this study, a unique six stroke cycle was used to segregate the exhaust from the NVO and to study the chemistry of the range of fuels injected during NVO under low oxygen conditions. The fuels investigated were methanol, ethanol, iso-butanol, and iso-octane. It was observed that the products of reactions under NVO conditions were highly dependent on the injected fuel’s structure with iso-octane producing less than 1.5% hydrogen and methanol producing more than 8%. However a weak dependence was observed on NVO duration and initial temperature, indicating that NVO reforming was kinetically limited. Finally, the experimental trends were compared with CHEMKIN (single zone, 0-D model) predictions using multiple kinetic mechanism that were readily available through literature. Due to the simplicity of the model and inadequate information on the fuel injection process, the… Advisors/Committee Members: Andre Louis Boehman, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Randy Vander Wal, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Chunshan Song, Committee Member, Daniel Connell Haworth, Committee Member, James Szybist, Special Member.

Subjects/Keywords: Autoignition; Combustion; Compression ignition; Negative valve overlap; Ignition behavior; LTC; HCCI; PPC

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kalaskar, V. B. (2015). Ignition Behavior of Gasolines and Surrogate Fuels in Low Temperature Combustion Strategies. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/25975

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kalaskar, Vickey Baliram. “Ignition Behavior of Gasolines and Surrogate Fuels in Low Temperature Combustion Strategies.” 2015. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/25975.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kalaskar, Vickey Baliram. “Ignition Behavior of Gasolines and Surrogate Fuels in Low Temperature Combustion Strategies.” 2015. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Kalaskar VB. Ignition Behavior of Gasolines and Surrogate Fuels in Low Temperature Combustion Strategies. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/25975.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kalaskar VB. Ignition Behavior of Gasolines and Surrogate Fuels in Low Temperature Combustion Strategies. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2015. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/25975

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Brunel University

3. Metzka Lanzanova, Thompson Diordinis. Experimental investigations of anhydrous and wet ethanol combustion in a spark iginition engine.

Degree: PhD, 2017, Brunel University

URL: http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/15154 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.824223

► The demand for higher spark ignition engine efficiency has been pushed by stricter CO2 legislation worldwide. Greenhouse gases mitigation and reduction on the use of… (more)

▼ The demand for higher spark ignition engine efficiency has been pushed by stricter CO2 legislation worldwide. Greenhouse gases mitigation and reduction on the use of fossil fuels is a global concern. For these reasons, the use of renewable and low carbon liquid fuels, such as ethanol, have considerably grown in the last decades. Due to the azeotropic ethanol-water mixture nature, the ethanol energy production cost considerably increases to achieve purity levels above 95%. Thus, the use of higher water-in-ethanol contents (so called wet ethanol) may improve the ethanol life cycle energy balance and result in a cheaper fuel. At the same time, new engine technologies, such as direct injection and variable valve actuation, have propitiated the spark ignition engine to reach higher efficiency levels than in the past. Even then, the low part load spark ignition engine efficiency is still a problem. This research investigates the application of ethanol, wet ethanol and gasoline in a naturally aspirated single cylinder research engine equipped with an electro-hydraulic fully variable valve actuation system. Experimental thermodynamic engine tests were carried out in the four-stroke spark ignition operation mode at several engine loads and stoichiometric combustion. The effects of direct fuel injection and port fuel injection on engine operation were investigated. Initial studies with anhydrous ethanol were carried out to find the most promising valve strategies to be used when applying wet ethanol. The conventional throttled spark ignition valve strategy was investigated. The effect of the positive valve overlap period on the engine operation parameters and emissions were described. Unthrottled spark ignition operation with either early and late intake valve closure (EIVC and LIVC, respectively) load control methods were compared to understand the potentials of each strategy to increase SI engine efficiency. A comprehensive study on the effects of the intake valve lift for the EIVC load control method was carried out. Residual gas trapping methods as exhaust rebreathing and negative valve overlap were tested using the early intake valve closure load control method. Spark assisted compression ignition was achieved at some operating conditions. Another study comparing the use of anhydrous ethanol, wet ethanol and gasoline was developed for three different valve strategies: conventional throttle SI valve strategy, variable positive valve overlap through intake profile phasing, and negative valve overlap with EIVC load control. In each presented study the gas exchange process, combustion, engine-out emissions and engine performance were discussed. The best valve events strategy for wet ethanol spark ignition operation is presented and the use of PFI and DI injection methods commented. It was possible to achieve similar engine indicated efficiency when using wet ethanol with 15% of water volumetric content to that achieved with commercial gasoline when using advanced valve events strategies. Comparing the wet ethanol baseline…

Subjects/Keywords: Fully varible valve train; Early and late intake valve closure; Positive and negative overlap; Exhaust rebreathing; Stiochiometric operation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Metzka Lanzanova, T. D. (2017). Experimental investigations of anhydrous and wet ethanol combustion in a spark iginition engine. (Doctoral Dissertation). Brunel University. Retrieved from http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/15154 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.824223

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Metzka Lanzanova, Thompson Diordinis. “Experimental investigations of anhydrous and wet ethanol combustion in a spark iginition engine.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Brunel University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/15154 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.824223.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Metzka Lanzanova, Thompson Diordinis. “Experimental investigations of anhydrous and wet ethanol combustion in a spark iginition engine.” 2017. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Metzka Lanzanova TD. Experimental investigations of anhydrous and wet ethanol combustion in a spark iginition engine. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Brunel University; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/15154 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.824223.

Council of Science Editors:

Metzka Lanzanova TD. Experimental investigations of anhydrous and wet ethanol combustion in a spark iginition engine. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Brunel University; 2017. Available from: http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/15154 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.824223

4. Kodavasal, Janardhan. Effect of Charge Preparation Strategy on HCCI Combustion.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2013, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/99766

► A critical factor determining Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) combustion characteristics and emissions is preparation of the fuel-diluent charge prior to ignition. The choice of… (more)

▼ A critical factor determining Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) combustion characteristics and emissions is preparation of the fuel-diluent charge prior to ignition. The choice of charge preparation strategy impacts diluent composition and stratification. Presently, there is a gap in fundamental understanding as to the impact of these strategies on charge distribution within the reaction space and consequent effects on HCCI combustion. In this doctoral work, fully-coupled CFD/chemical kinetics simulations are performed for various competing charge preparation strategies at a typical HCCI operating point to study the differences in burn duration and emissions arising from these strategies. The strategies studied are: air versus external EGR dilution, Negative Valve Overlap (NVO) versus Positive Valve Overlap (PVO) operation, and premixed fueling versus direct injection. The CFD reaction space is analyzed to determine the reactivity stratification prior to ignition arising from each of these strategies. A sequential CFD-multi-zone model is developed as a diagnostic tool wherein CFD simulation is performed over the gas exchange period until a transition point before TDC, after which the CFD reaction space is mapped onto a multi-zone chemical kinetic model. This tool is used to decouple various concurrent effects. For example, by selectively choosing to map thermal stratification from the CFD domain onto the multi-zone model while ignoring compositional stratification, the relative contributions of thermal and compositional stratification arising from NVO operation are isolated. Based on these insights from CFD, a standalone quasi-dimensional HCCI combustion model incorporating kinetics is built, featuring a computationally efficient methodology (developed as part of this work) to capture wall heat loss driven thermal stratification, as an alternative to expensive CFD simulation. It is shown that predictions from this model correspond well with results from detailed CFD/kinetics simulations over a range of operating conditions, for different engine geometries, while being up to two-orders of magnitude faster than CFD, making this model ideal for use in system-level codes. Advisors/Committee Members: Assanis, Dionissios N. (committee member), Im, Hong G. (committee member), Driscoll, James F. (committee member), Martz, Jason Brian (committee member), Babajimopoulos, Aristotelis (committee member), Borgnakke, Claus (committee member), Lavoie, George A. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: HCCI; Combustion; Internal Combustion Engine; Stratification; CFD; Negative Valve Overlap; Mechanical Engineering; Engineering

…negative valve overlap (NVO) valve lift profiles shown with reference to in-cylinder… …strategies. The strategies studied are: air versus external EGR dilution, Negative Valve Overlap… …discussed in this section. 5 1.3.1 Exhaust gas recompression using Negative Valve Overlap HCCI… …iEGR desired. A valve strategy known as Negative Valve Overlap (NVO) is employed to… …219 ix LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 – Sample positive valve overlap (PVO) and…

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kodavasal, J. (2013). Effect of Charge Preparation Strategy on HCCI Combustion. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/99766

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kodavasal, Janardhan. “Effect of Charge Preparation Strategy on HCCI Combustion.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/99766.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kodavasal, Janardhan. “Effect of Charge Preparation Strategy on HCCI Combustion.” 2013. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Kodavasal J. Effect of Charge Preparation Strategy on HCCI Combustion. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/99766.

Council of Science Editors:

Kodavasal J. Effect of Charge Preparation Strategy on HCCI Combustion. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/99766

5. Klinkert, Stefan. An Experimental Investigation of the Maximum Load Limit of Boosted HCCI Combustion in a Gasoline Engine with Negative Valve Overlap.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2014, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/107167

► Use of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion mode in engines offers the potential to simultaneously achieve high efficiency and low emissions. Implementation and practical… (more)

▼ Use of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion mode in engines offers the potential to simultaneously achieve high efficiency and low emissions. Implementation and practical use of HCCI combustion, however, remain a challenge due to the limited operating load range. Most studies on high load extension of HCCI have been done on engines with conventional positive valve overlap (PVO) strategies, which use a heater to control intake temperature and adjust combustion timing. Although there has been work on engines employing a more practical negative valve overlap (NVO) strategy, which controls charge temperature by varying the retained amount of hot internal residual gas, most of these studies were confined to a limited boost pressure range and/ or did not explore and isolate the effects of individual thermo-physical parameters on combustion and the maximum load limit. This research work is unique in that a practical yet highly flexible NVO engine, allowing for independent control of intake boost pressure, charge temperature and composition, thermal/ compositional stratification (NVO) and exhaust back-pressure, was used to independently investigate the effects of these variables on burn duration and combustion phasing limits. Results showed that maximum achievable loads for the NVO engine were less than those obtained by previous workers on a boosted PVO engine due to less efficient breathing, less stable combustion, which limits the achievable combustion phasing retard, and lower maximum allowable peak cylinder pressure. This research provides new insights into how boost pressure and other operating parameters in a NVO HCCI engine impact the maximum attainable load and combustion phasing limits. The results suggest that the maximum load is more dependent on the combustion stability limit and overall engine constraints, such as maximum allowable peak cylinder pressure and limited cam-phasing authority, than on burn rates. Advisors/Committee Members: Assanis, Dionissios N. (committee member), Sick, Volker (committee member), Driscoll, James F. (committee member), Bohac, Stani V. (committee member), Boehman, Andre L. (committee member), Lavoie, George A. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: HCCI; Maximum Load Limit; Negative Valve Overlap; Experimental Investigation; Gasoline; Mechanical Engineering; Engineering

…x28;CA50) for different negative valve overlap (NVO) and fuel-to-charge… …negative valve overlap O2 oxygen xv OTE overall turbocharger efficiency Pexh exhaust… …engines employing a more practical negative valve overlap (NVO) strategy, which… …pumping. The recompression strategy is also referred to as negative valve overlap (NVO)… …rate PVO positive valve overlap Qhr,ch gross chemical heat release Qwall wall heat…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Klinkert, S. (2014). An Experimental Investigation of the Maximum Load Limit of Boosted HCCI Combustion in a Gasoline Engine with Negative Valve Overlap. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/107167

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Klinkert, Stefan. “An Experimental Investigation of the Maximum Load Limit of Boosted HCCI Combustion in a Gasoline Engine with Negative Valve Overlap.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/107167.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Klinkert, Stefan. “An Experimental Investigation of the Maximum Load Limit of Boosted HCCI Combustion in a Gasoline Engine with Negative Valve Overlap.” 2014. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Klinkert S. An Experimental Investigation of the Maximum Load Limit of Boosted HCCI Combustion in a Gasoline Engine with Negative Valve Overlap. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/107167.

Council of Science Editors:

Klinkert S. An Experimental Investigation of the Maximum Load Limit of Boosted HCCI Combustion in a Gasoline Engine with Negative Valve Overlap. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/107167

University of Lund

6. Persson, Håkan. Spark Assisted Compression Ignition, SACI.

Degree: 2008, University of Lund

URL: https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/1231105 ; https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/5230109/1231149.pdf

► The strong focus on decreasing carbon dioxide emissions due to limited natural resources of fossil fuel as well as alarming climate changes drives the research… (more)

▼ The strong focus on decreasing carbon dioxide emissions due to limited natural resources of fossil fuel as well as alarming climate changes drives the research and development of our prime mover, the combustion engine, faster then ever. The minimum requirement is a power source with increased efficiency while emitting ultra low levels of hazardous local and regional emissions. The concept of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) promises increased efficiency and low levels of NOx, insignificant smoke but increased levels of CO and HC when utilized in the spark ignition (SI) engine. Since HCCI in the SI engine can only be utilized at part load and does not cover the entire operating range of the engine mode shifts are necessary. This is where spark assisted compression ignition (SACI) comes in. Using SACI combustion a controlled mode shift from SI to HCCI and vice versa can be achieved under certain conditions. This thesis is based on experimental investigations of HCCI combustion mainly addressing the SI engine environment. Here HCCI combustion is achieved by trapping hot residuals through a negative valve overlap and thereby raising charge temperature during compression to auto ignition. When combined with spark assistance it is addressed as SACI combustion. SACI is shown to increase the possible operating region without switching to SI thus increasing the gain of HCCI combustion further. Further it is shown that HCCI combustion timing is affected using spark assistance under proper conditions. This enables a means of direct control of combustion timing. The usage of SACI combustion at low load can affect cycle to cycle variations related to residual gas status. By decreasing the cycle to cycle dependence a lower load can be achieved without misfire. The effect of spark assistance in SACI combustion is investigated using high speed chemiluminescence, laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) and heat release analysis for understanding the interaction between the heat release origin from the spark and the subsequent HCCI combustion. It is found to be turbulent flame propagation also at low load from low to high residual dilution that raises the temperature and initiates auto ignition. From LDV measurements a positive effect of increased turbulence is seen on the growing flame. The results are confirmed by experiments with intake valve deactivation changing the tumble flow to include swirl. The flame expansion speed increases with turbulence while the effect on the HCCI part is more modest. The effect on auto ignition is found to be more related to increased mixing. In a combustion boundary layer investigation only small deviations are seen on HCCI combustion when increasing the swirl. On the other hand it is concluded that a thicker boundary layer with more thermal stratification is related to slower combustion. Effects of fuel stratification in combination with SACI and residual dilution are investigated using Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) Charge homogeneity is affected both by different strategies of port…

Subjects/Keywords: Other Mechanical Engineering; flame propagation; PLIF; LDV; chemiluminescence imaging; residuals; negative valve overlap; low temperature combustion; SACI; spark assistance; HCCI; turbulence; charge stratification; cycle to cycle

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Persson, H. (2008). Spark Assisted Compression Ignition, SACI. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Lund. Retrieved from https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/1231105 ; https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/5230109/1231149.pdf

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Persson, Håkan. “Spark Assisted Compression Ignition, SACI.” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Lund. Accessed April 14, 2021. https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/1231105 ; https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/5230109/1231149.pdf.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Persson, Håkan. “Spark Assisted Compression Ignition, SACI.” 2008. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Persson H. Spark Assisted Compression Ignition, SACI. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Lund; 2008. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/1231105 ; https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/5230109/1231149.pdf.

Council of Science Editors:

Persson H. Spark Assisted Compression Ignition, SACI. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Lund; 2008. Available from: https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/1231105 ; https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/5230109/1231149.pdf

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