subject:(Molecular Genetic AND Biochemical Nutrition)

1. Boddu, Harita. Quantification of Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Oat Cultivars Grown in South Dakota.

Degree: MS, Health and Nutritional Sciences, 2013, South Dakota State University

URL: https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/1381

► Oats grown in different locations of South Dakota were analyzed for the crop years of 2011 and 2012. The sampling locations consisted of Brookings,… (more)

▼ Oats grown in different locations of South Dakota were analyzed for the crop years of 2011 and 2012. The sampling locations consisted of Brookings, Miller, SE Farm, Selby and Warner. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the correlation of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA %) of oat samples. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyze the oat samples for avenanthramide content. The total phenolic content was measured using AOAC method (method 952.03, 1990). Extraction protocols were optimized for oat samples. Antioxidant activity, the free radical scavenging effect of oat extracts, was measured using the 1, 1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Pure standards (tannic acid, quercetin, 5- hydroxyanthranillic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, and sinapic acid) were tested to allow for data interpretation and method validation. Total phenolic content ranged from 78.6 mg Tannic Acid Equivalents (TAE)/100g to 149.1 mg TAE/100g and antioxidant activity ranged from 13% to 22% for the 2011 and 2012 crops. Quercetin used as an antioxidant activity reference yielded 88.5% antioxidant activity. Correlation found between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity for the 2011 year samples (n= 89) was 38%. Weak correlation was found between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity for the 2012-year samples (n= 70). Phenolic compounds were responsible for some of the antioxidant activity in the 2011 crop. Avenanthramide content was determined to be unique in oat extract, which was measured by HPLC. The avenanthramide content present in the oat samples explained 60% variance of total phenolic content (n=50). Weak correlation was observed between avenanthramide content and antioxidant activity in the same samples. Correlation of TPC and AA% for growing locations showed a maximum of 59% correlation for the Selby location for the 2011 crop. For the 2012 crop, Miller location showed 27.3% correlation between TPC and AA%. Two crop years 2011 and 2012 showed variation in TPC and AA% between growing locations and cultivars. Advisors/Committee Members: PAdmanaban G. Krishnan.

Subjects/Keywords: Food Biotechnology; Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition

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APA (6^th Edition):

Boddu, H. (2013). Quantification of Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Oat Cultivars Grown in South Dakota. (Masters Thesis). South Dakota State University. Retrieved from https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/1381

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Boddu, Harita. “Quantification of Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Oat Cultivars Grown in South Dakota.” 2013. Masters Thesis, South Dakota State University. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/1381.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Boddu, Harita. “Quantification of Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Oat Cultivars Grown in South Dakota.” 2013. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Boddu H. Quantification of Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Oat Cultivars Grown in South Dakota. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. South Dakota State University; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/1381.

Council of Science Editors:

Boddu H. Quantification of Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Oat Cultivars Grown in South Dakota. [Masters Thesis]. South Dakota State University; 2013. Available from: https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/1381

University of Tennessee – Knoxville

2. Stancliffe, Renee Ashley. Role of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB) in Leucine Stimulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Fatty Acid Oxidation.

Degree: MS, Nutrition, 2012, University of Tennessee – Knoxville

URL: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1398

► Mitochondrial dysfunction and the resulting oxidative stress is widely recognized as a contributing factor to the development of numerous pathophysiologies including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular… (more)

▼ Mitochondrial dysfunction and the resulting oxidative stress is widely recognized as a contributing factor to the development of numerous pathophysiologies including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, sarcopenia, liver disease, dementia, amongst others. Mitochondrial dysfunction results in a reduced mitochondrial number and oxidative capacity, causing an increase in free radical production and consequently oxidative stress. As such, the characterization of compounds that can upregulate mitochondrial biogenesis and function could provide the foundation for the development of therapeutic nutraceuticals that promote mitochondrial health, and consequently reduce oxidative stress. Leucine is well recognized to stimulate muscle protein synthesis, and we have recently demonstrated that leucine increases mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in muscle cells, although the mechanism of these effects is not clear. However, it is likely that that the leucine metabolites [alpha]-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC) and [beta]-hydroxy-[beta]-methylbutyrate (HMB) play a role. Once ingested, dietary leucine is transaminated by branched-chain aminotransferase (BCAT) to the [alpha]-keto analogue KIC. KIC is then metabolized into either isovaleryl-CoA via the branched chain [alpha]-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKD) enzyme, or HMB by the cytosolic enzyme KIC-dioxygenase (KICD). We investigated the roles of intact leucine versus KIC and HMB on markers of mitochondrial abundance and function in murine myotubes. All three compounds induced comparable increases in FAO. Both leucine and HMB increased myotube mitochondrial biogenesis, assessed fluorometrically via NAO binding. Consistent with this, HMB and leucine both stimulated expression of mitochondrial regulatory and component genes, which suggests that HMB mediates these effects of leucine. To confirm this, we transfected murine myoblasts with BCAT, BCKD, or KICD siRNA and investigated the role of intact leucine versus HMB on myoblast mitochondrial abundance. Both HMB and leucine increased mitochondrial mass, while the knockdown of BCAT and KICD abated the leucine-stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Consistent with this, BCAT siRNA transfected cells displayed reduced expression of key mitochondrial genes. This suggests that the leucine effects on muscle mitochondrial biogenesis are in fact mediated by the metabolite HMB. Advisors/Committee Members: Michael B. Zemel, Melissa Hansen-Petrik, Ling Zhao.

Subjects/Keywords: muscle; leucine; mitochondria; nutrition supplement; Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition

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APA (6^th Edition):

Stancliffe, R. A. (2012). Role of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB) in Leucine Stimulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Fatty Acid Oxidation. (Thesis). University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Retrieved from https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1398

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Stancliffe, Renee Ashley. “Role of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB) in Leucine Stimulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Fatty Acid Oxidation.” 2012. Thesis, University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1398.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Stancliffe, Renee Ashley. “Role of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB) in Leucine Stimulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Fatty Acid Oxidation.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Stancliffe RA. Role of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB) in Leucine Stimulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Fatty Acid Oxidation. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1398.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Stancliffe RA. Role of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB) in Leucine Stimulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Fatty Acid Oxidation. [Thesis]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2012. Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1398

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

3. LaVoie, Stacey M. Normal plasma fatty acid concentrations among young children with phenylketonuria.

Degree: MS, 2007, Oregon Health Sciences University

URL: doi:10.6083/M4VD6XDJ ; http://digitalcommons.ohsu.edu/etd/3734

Subjects/Keywords: Molecular; Genetic; and Biochemical Nutrition

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APA (6^th Edition):

LaVoie, S. M. (2007). Normal plasma fatty acid concentrations among young children with phenylketonuria. (Thesis). Oregon Health Sciences University. Retrieved from doi:10.6083/M4VD6XDJ ; http://digitalcommons.ohsu.edu/etd/3734

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

LaVoie, Stacey M. “Normal plasma fatty acid concentrations among young children with phenylketonuria.” 2007. Thesis, Oregon Health Sciences University. Accessed January 23, 2021. doi:10.6083/M4VD6XDJ ; http://digitalcommons.ohsu.edu/etd/3734.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

LaVoie, Stacey M. “Normal plasma fatty acid concentrations among young children with phenylketonuria.” 2007. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

LaVoie SM. Normal plasma fatty acid concentrations among young children with phenylketonuria. [Internet] [Thesis]. Oregon Health Sciences University; 2007. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: doi:10.6083/M4VD6XDJ ; http://digitalcommons.ohsu.edu/etd/3734.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

LaVoie SM. Normal plasma fatty acid concentrations among young children with phenylketonuria. [Thesis]. Oregon Health Sciences University; 2007. Available from: doi:10.6083/M4VD6XDJ ; http://digitalcommons.ohsu.edu/etd/3734

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Tennessee – Knoxville

4. Jungwirth, Julie Anne. Angiotensin IV and the Molecular Mechanisms Involved in the Development of Insulin Resistance in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.

Degree: MS, Nutrition, 2011, University of Tennessee – Knoxville

URL: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/986

► This study explored angiotensin IV’s (Ang IV) affects on the signaling pathways involved in the development of insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Ang IV,… (more)

▼ This study explored angiotensin IV’s (Ang IV) affects on the signaling pathways involved in the development of insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Ang IV, working through the AT₄ receptor, interferes with insulin signaling through the blockade of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K)/Akt pathway and through activating mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK): extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) which are known to impair insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) signaling. The expression of AT₄ receptors was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Ang IV’s effects were found by treating adipocytes with combinations of Ang IV, AT₄ receptor inhibitor Norleual, and insulin. Cell lysates were resolved by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and immunoblotted. Ang IV down-regulated the PI3K/Akt pathway. Insulin exerts its effects on adipocytes by activating this pathway, phosphorylating Akt (S473 and T308) residues. Pre-treatment with Ang IV blocked insulin’s effects, reversing Akt activation. Addition of Norleual blocked Ang IV’s inhibitory actions, leading to the phosphorylation of Akt residues. Studies show elevated MAPK levels produced by angiotensin peptides catalyze the phosphorylation of serine residues on IRS-1, impairing insulin signal transduction. Ang IV increased the activation of ERK 1/2 and JNK. This was reversed by pretreatment with Norleual. Ang IV’s effects on IRS-1 residues were found by immunoprecipitation of IRS-1 followed by SDS-PAGE immunoblotting. Ang IV increased the phosphorylation of IRS-1(S307 and S612). Pre-incubation with Norleual attenuated Ang IV’s effects. Ang IV’s stimulation of adipocytes quickly caused the phosphorylation of MAPK corresponding to serine residue phosphorylation on IRS-1, which may implicate Ang IV activation of MAPK in the development of insulin resistance. Ang IV is involved in the down-regulation of the insulin-signaling cascade by inhibiting insulin’s phosphorylation on Akt (S473 and T308). Ang IV increased phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 and JNK, corresponding with increases in serine phosphorylation of IRS-1. Pre-treatment with Norleual inhibited Ang IV’s negative effects on insulin signaling. This study elucidates a new mechanism that may lead to the development of insulin resistance in adipose tissue. Advisors/Committee Members: Michael D. Karlstad, Jay Whelan, Naima Moustaid-Moussa.

Subjects/Keywords: Akt; ERK; JNK; IRS-1; Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jungwirth, J. A. (2011). Angiotensin IV and the Molecular Mechanisms Involved in the Development of Insulin Resistance in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. (Thesis). University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Retrieved from https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/986

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jungwirth, Julie Anne. “Angiotensin IV and the Molecular Mechanisms Involved in the Development of Insulin Resistance in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.” 2011. Thesis, University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/986.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jungwirth, Julie Anne. “Angiotensin IV and the Molecular Mechanisms Involved in the Development of Insulin Resistance in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.” 2011. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Jungwirth JA. Angiotensin IV and the Molecular Mechanisms Involved in the Development of Insulin Resistance in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/986.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Jungwirth JA. Angiotensin IV and the Molecular Mechanisms Involved in the Development of Insulin Resistance in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. [Thesis]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2011. Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/986

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

5. Liang, Chunzi. Role of Leucine in Modulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and SIRT1-AMPK Signaling in C2C12 Myotubes.

Degree: 2014, University of Tennessee – Knoxville

URL: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/2897

► Mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle has been considered as a crucial step in the development of metabolic diseases, including insulin resistance syndrome, type 2 diabetes… (more)

▼ Mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle has been considered as a crucial step in the development of metabolic diseases, including insulin resistance syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated that dietary branched-chain amino acids, particularly leucine, protects against high-fat diet induced impairment of mitochondria and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue through mTOR-dependent and independent pathways. In addition, previous ex vivo and in vitro approaches from this laboratory indicate that leucine and its metabolites (HMB and KIC) stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis and promote energy partitioning from adipocytes to muscle cells, partially through SIRT1 signaling. Moreover, recent work indicates that HMB promotes AMPK phosphorylation synergistically with metformin, resulting in increased insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in HFD mice. Therefore, it is hypothesized that leucine-induced activation of SIRT1 and AMPK are the central events that link to the up-regulated mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle. Thus, SIRT1 activity, AMPK phosphorylation level, fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial content and mitochondrial biogenesis related genes expressions were measured in C2C12 myotubes after incubated with leucine and controls. Furthermore, considering SIRT1 and AMPK share multiple downstream substrates and display mutual interactions in response to energy restriction, C2C12 myotubes were treated with SIRT1 inhibitor, EX527, and AMPK inhibitor, Compound C, to determine the respective roles of SIRT1 and AMPK in leucine effects on mitochondrial biogenesis. Additionally, a time-course experiment was conduced to elucidate the relationship between SIRT1 and AMPK. The results of this research confirm that leucine increased mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in C2C12 myotubes via SIRT1 and AMPK dependent pathways, with SIRT1 activation being the primary event.

Subjects/Keywords: Leucine; Sirt1; AMPK; Mitochondria biogenesis; myotubes; Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition

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APA (6^th Edition):

Liang, C. (2014). Role of Leucine in Modulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and SIRT1-AMPK Signaling in C2C12 Myotubes. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Retrieved from https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/2897

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Liang, Chunzi. “Role of Leucine in Modulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and SIRT1-AMPK Signaling in C2C12 Myotubes.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/2897.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Liang, Chunzi. “Role of Leucine in Modulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and SIRT1-AMPK Signaling in C2C12 Myotubes.” 2014. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Liang C. Role of Leucine in Modulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and SIRT1-AMPK Signaling in C2C12 Myotubes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/2897.

Council of Science Editors:

Liang C. Role of Leucine in Modulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and SIRT1-AMPK Signaling in C2C12 Myotubes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2014. Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/2897

University of Tennessee – Knoxville

6. Brown, Patricia Louise. Calcium and Leucine Modulation of Airway Inflammation.

Degree: 2014, University of Tennessee – Knoxville

URL: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/3188

► Over the past several decades the prevalence of obesity and asthma have increased in a parallel fashion. Recent studies reported a positive relationship between the… (more)

▼ Over the past several decades the prevalence of obesity and asthma have increased in a parallel fashion. Recent studies reported a positive relationship between the two disorders that may in fact be causal. Although the link between obesity and asthma has become widely recognized, the underlying pathophysiological connection is not elucidated. Increased markers of inflammatory and oxidative stress are present in obesity and asthma suggesting the link is immunological. The systemic inflammation observed in obesity may potentially initiate adverse affects in the airways. Previous studies have shown that consumption of dairy foods (rich in calcium and leucine) suppress 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol) resulting in decreased inflammatory stress associated with excess adiposity. Additionally, adipocyte leucine treatment was reported to decrease pro-inflammatory TNFα and increase anti-inflammatory adiponectin cytokines, which have been implicated in asthmatic disease. Consequently, we sought to determine if correcting the imbalance of adipocyte inflammatory cytokine secretion via calcium and leucine treatment would have a functional effect on airway inflammation. We demonstrated that conditioned medium collected adipocytes (ACM) treated with leucine for 48hrs significantly reduced monocyte-airway smooth muscle adhesion, lung endothelial cell ICAM-1 adhesion molecule expression, and polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell CD11b expression in vitro compared to control, while calcitriol exerted the opposite effects. Furthermore, these findings were extended to an established murine model of asthma. Female BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with chicken egg albumin (OVA) to induce airway inflammation. Animals were fed a high fat diet with no supplementation, high calcium (1.2%), leucine (200% normal levels), or a diet with a combination of calcium (1.2%) and leucine (200% normal levels). We found that the combined high calcium and leucine supplemented high fat diet animals had significantly less eosinophils in collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) compared to control diet mice. These data suggest that calcium and leucine may have potential therapeutic affects on obesity associated airway inflammation.

Subjects/Keywords: leucine; asthma; calcium; obesity; airway inflammation; Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition

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APA (6^th Edition):

Brown, P. L. (2014). Calcium and Leucine Modulation of Airway Inflammation. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Retrieved from https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/3188

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Brown, Patricia Louise. “Calcium and Leucine Modulation of Airway Inflammation.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/3188.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Brown, Patricia Louise. “Calcium and Leucine Modulation of Airway Inflammation.” 2014. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Brown PL. Calcium and Leucine Modulation of Airway Inflammation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/3188.

Council of Science Editors:

Brown PL. Calcium and Leucine Modulation of Airway Inflammation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2014. Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/3188

University of Tennessee – Knoxville

7. Howell, Meredith Lee. Regulation of Apolipoprotein C-III Gene Expression by Nuclear Receptors Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 Alpha and Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter Transcription Factor II, but not Retinoids in Hepatic Cells.

Degree: MS, Nutrition, 2013, University of Tennessee – Knoxville

URL: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/2424

► Retinoic acid (RA) treatment induces hyperlipidemia in humans and animals. RA regulates the expression levels of various genes through the induction, repression, or coactivation… (more)

▼ Retinoic acid (RA) treatment induces hyperlipidemia in humans and animals. RA regulates the expression levels of various genes through the induction, repression, or coactivation of nuclear receptors, mediating its effects. RA-induced hyperlipidemia has been attributed to the induction of apolipoprotein CIII (gene, Apoc3), which inhibits lipoprotein lipase activity (LPL). We have shown that vitamin A (VA) status and retinoid treatment regulates hepatic lipogenic gene expression, suggesting that the induction of lipogenic genes may also contribute to hyperlipidemia. To test the hypothesis that retinoids may not affect Apoc3 expression, we analyzed the expression levels of Apoc3 mRNA in response to retinoid treatments or adenovirus- mediated over-expression of nuclear receptors mediating RA responses in primary rat hepatocytes and HL1C rat hepatoma cells using real-time PCR. We report that retinoids did not induce Apoc3 mRNA expression in these cells. The over-expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α [alpha]) or chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor 2 (COUP-TFII) significantly induced or inhibited the Apoc3 mRNA level, respectively. Therefore, it is concluded that retinoid treatment could not directly induce Apoc3 mRNA levels in rat hepatocytes. Instead, the hepatic expression of Apoc3 mRNA may be controlled by the expression levels of HNFα and COUP-TFII. Furthermore, the mRNA level of Apoc3 in isolated and cultured hepatocytes of Zucker Lean (ZL) and Zucker Fatty (ZF) was not significantly changed. However, the Rarb and Srebp-1c mRNA levels, two RA-responsive genes, are significantly higher in the liver tissue and isolated hepatocytes from ZF rats thanthat from ZL rats. Therefore, we conclude that RA-induced hyperlipidemia may not be attributed to the direct induction of Apoc3 mRNA level in hepatocytes by RA, but at least in part to the RA-mediated induction of lipogenic genes such as Srebp1-c. Advisors/Committee Members: Guoxun Chen, Jay Whelan, Ling Zhao.

Subjects/Keywords: vitamin a; retinoids; lipid metabolism; Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition

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APA (6^th Edition):

Howell, M. L. (2013). Regulation of Apolipoprotein C-III Gene Expression by Nuclear Receptors Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 Alpha and Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter Transcription Factor II, but not Retinoids in Hepatic Cells. (Thesis). University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Retrieved from https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/2424

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Howell, Meredith Lee. “Regulation of Apolipoprotein C-III Gene Expression by Nuclear Receptors Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 Alpha and Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter Transcription Factor II, but not Retinoids in Hepatic Cells.” 2013. Thesis, University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/2424.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Howell, Meredith Lee. “Regulation of Apolipoprotein C-III Gene Expression by Nuclear Receptors Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 Alpha and Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter Transcription Factor II, but not Retinoids in Hepatic Cells.” 2013. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Howell ML. Regulation of Apolipoprotein C-III Gene Expression by Nuclear Receptors Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 Alpha and Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter Transcription Factor II, but not Retinoids in Hepatic Cells. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/2424.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Howell ML. Regulation of Apolipoprotein C-III Gene Expression by Nuclear Receptors Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 Alpha and Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter Transcription Factor II, but not Retinoids in Hepatic Cells. [Thesis]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2013. Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/2424

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Tennessee – Knoxville

8. Gouffon, Julia Stair. Effects of Folate Availability on Expression of Adipocyte Metabolic Genes Via Modulation of DNA Methylation.

Degree: 2012, University of Tennessee – Knoxville

URL: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/1429

► Epigenetic modifications serve as a means of intermediate gene expression control and nutritional inputs may modify methylation patterns in regulatory regions of genes. Therefore, we… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Epigenetics; DNA Methylation; Adipocytes; Folate; Metabolism; Genomics; Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition; Nutrition

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gouffon, J. S. (2012). Effects of Folate Availability on Expression of Adipocyte Metabolic Genes Via Modulation of DNA Methylation. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Retrieved from https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/1429

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gouffon, Julia Stair. “Effects of Folate Availability on Expression of Adipocyte Metabolic Genes Via Modulation of DNA Methylation.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/1429.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gouffon, Julia Stair. “Effects of Folate Availability on Expression of Adipocyte Metabolic Genes Via Modulation of DNA Methylation.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Gouffon JS. Effects of Folate Availability on Expression of Adipocyte Metabolic Genes Via Modulation of DNA Methylation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/1429.

Council of Science Editors:

Gouffon JS. Effects of Folate Availability on Expression of Adipocyte Metabolic Genes Via Modulation of DNA Methylation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2012. Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/1429

Utah State University

9. Chen, Yn-Mei. Variations in Volatiles from Lamb Adipose Tissue.

Degree: MS, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, 1980, Utah State University

URL: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5237

► Lamb adipose tissue, representing 4 breeds, 3 sex-types and 3 weight categories, were studied to measure the variation in the flavor profile between individual… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition; Nutrition

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chen, Y. (1980). Variations in Volatiles from Lamb Adipose Tissue. (Masters Thesis). Utah State University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5237

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chen, Yn-Mei. “Variations in Volatiles from Lamb Adipose Tissue.” 1980. Masters Thesis, Utah State University. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5237.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chen, Yn-Mei. “Variations in Volatiles from Lamb Adipose Tissue.” 1980. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Chen Y. Variations in Volatiles from Lamb Adipose Tissue. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Utah State University; 1980. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5237.

Council of Science Editors:

Chen Y. Variations in Volatiles from Lamb Adipose Tissue. [Masters Thesis]. Utah State University; 1980. Available from: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5237

University of Tennessee – Knoxville

10. Carroll, Wenting Xin. Angiotensinogen Gene Silencing Reduces Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation in Cultured 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.

Degree: MS, Animal Science, 2012, University of Tennessee – Knoxville

URL: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1312

► Obesity is characterized by metabolic complications which are related to several life-threatening diseases. Dysregulated inflammatory adipokines secretion from adipose tissue is believed as the… (more)

▼ Obesity is characterized by metabolic complications which are related to several life-threatening diseases. Dysregulated inflammatory adipokines secretion from adipose tissue is believed as the major contributor to obesity-associated local and systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and other metabolic dysfunctions. Numerous studies in our lab and others pointed to the role of local adipose tissue renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the pathogenesis of obesity, inflammation and insulin resistance. We hypothesized that adipocytes-derived angiotensinogen (Agt) played a critical role in adipogenesis and/or lipogenesis as well as adipose inflammation. To test, we established 3T3-L1 preadipocytes stably transfected with Agt-shRNA or scrambled sequence (Sc-shRNA). Transfected preadipocytes were differentiated and used to investigate the role of adipocytes-derived Agt using microarray and PCR analyses, as well as cytokine/adipokine profiling. As expected, results confirmed that Agt gene silencing significantly reduced the expression of Agt and its hormone product angiotensin II (Ang II), as well as lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes compared to cells transfected with Sc-shRNA. Silencing of Agt gene also suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory adipokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α [alpha]), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Microarray studies identified several genes involved in lipid metabolism and inflammatory pathways which were down-regulated by Agt gene inactivation, such as glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (Gpd1), carboxylesterase 3 (Ces3), retinol saturase (Retsat), serum amyloid A 3 (Saa3), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (Nod1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (Stat1) and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (Cxcl12). Additional analysis using mouse adipogenesis PCR arrays detected lower expression levels of adipogenic/lipogenic genes, such as peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (Pparg), sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (Srebf1), adipogenin (Adig), and fatty acid binding protein 4 (Fabp4). In conclusion, this study directly demonstrates the critical effects of Agt in preadipocytes differentiation, adipocytes lipid metabolism and inflammation. These results further support a potential role for adipose tissue-derived Agt in the pathogenesis of adiposity and obesity-associated metabolic complications. Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Naima Moustaid-Moussa, Dr. Arnold M. Saxton, Dr. Brynn H. Voy, Dr. Guoxun Chen, Dr. Cheryl J. Kojima, Dr. Gina M. Pighetti.

Subjects/Keywords: obesity; metabolic disorders; renin-angiotension system; inflammation; Biochemistry; Molecular Biology; Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Carroll, W. X. (2012). Angiotensinogen Gene Silencing Reduces Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation in Cultured 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. (Thesis). University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Retrieved from https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1312

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Carroll, Wenting Xin. “Angiotensinogen Gene Silencing Reduces Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation in Cultured 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.” 2012. Thesis, University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1312.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Carroll, Wenting Xin. “Angiotensinogen Gene Silencing Reduces Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation in Cultured 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Carroll WX. Angiotensinogen Gene Silencing Reduces Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation in Cultured 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1312.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Carroll WX. Angiotensinogen Gene Silencing Reduces Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation in Cultured 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. [Thesis]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2012. Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1312

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Kentucky

11. Farmer, Brandon C. APOE AS A METABOLIC REGULATOR IN HUMANS, MICE, AND ASTROCYTES.

Degree: 2020, University of Kentucky

URL: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/physiology_etds/45

► Altered metabolic pathways appear to play central roles in the pathophysiology of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Carrier status of the E4 allele of the APOE… (more)

▼ Altered metabolic pathways appear to play central roles in the pathophysiology of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Carrier status of the E4 allele of the APOE gene is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset AD, and increasing evidence suggests that E4 carriers may be at an increased risk for neurodegeneration based on inherent metabolic impairments. A new appreciation is forming for the role of APOE in cerebral metabolism, and how nutritional factors may impact this role. In chapter 1, the literature on nutritional interventions in E4 carriers aimed at mitigating disease risk is reviewed. Studies investigating the mechanism by which E4 increases disease risk have focused primarily on the association of E4 with the neuropathological hallmarks. While these studies have aided in our understanding of the role of E4 in late-disease pathology, investigating metabolic signatures of E4 carriers who have not yet developed neuropathology gives insight into the potential earlier mechanisms of E4 as a risk factor for AD. For example, an early and consistent biological hallmark of AD is cerebral glucose hypometabolism as observed by fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). Interestingly, E4 carriers also display an AD-like pattern of decreased glucose metabolism by FDG-PET far before clinical symptomology. Since glucose hypometabolism occurs early in AD and early in E4 carriers, it may represent a critical prodromal phase of AD. Beyond this brain imaging finding, it is unclear if APOE has any other discernable metabolic effects in cognitively unimpaired young people. In chapter 2 we bridge this knowledge gap in the field. We utilized indirect calorimetry (IC) as a method for assessing metabolism in young and middle aged volunteers with and without the E4 allele. While IC is commonly used in clinical settings to assess nutritional status, it has never been used to assess risk for cognitive decline. Thus, repurposing IC to study the metabolic effects of an AD risk factor such as E4 represents a simple, cost-effective, and innovative new approach. We found that young female E4 carriers show a lower resting energy expenditure compared to non-carriers. We also tested how E4 carriage affects response to a glucose challenge by administering a glucose rich beverage in conjunction with IC measurements and plasma metabolomics. We found that female E4 carriers were unable to increase oxygen consumption relative to non-carriers, reflecting an impairment in glucose oxidation. Additionally, the plasma metabolome of E4 carriers showed increased lactate and an overall metabolic profile consistent with aerobic glycolysis. We translated these findings to mice expressing the human alleles of APOE. We found that E4 mice on a normal chow diet have lower energy expenditure than E3 mice, a difference further exacerbated by high carbohydrate diet feeding. Stable isotope tracing in mice whole brains and astrocytes implicate increased utilization of aerobic glycolysis as a mechanism for altered glucose handling in E4…

Subjects/Keywords: Alzheimer’s; APOE; astrocytes; metabolism; lactate; energetics; Biochemical Phenomena, Metabolism, and Nutrition; Human and Clinical Nutrition; Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience; Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition; Molecular Genetics; Systems Neuroscience

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Farmer, B. C. (2020). APOE AS A METABOLIC REGULATOR IN HUMANS, MICE, AND ASTROCYTES. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Kentucky. Retrieved from https://uknowledge.uky.edu/physiology_etds/45

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Farmer, Brandon C. “APOE AS A METABOLIC REGULATOR IN HUMANS, MICE, AND ASTROCYTES.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Kentucky. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/physiology_etds/45.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Farmer, Brandon C. “APOE AS A METABOLIC REGULATOR IN HUMANS, MICE, AND ASTROCYTES.” 2020. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Farmer BC. APOE AS A METABOLIC REGULATOR IN HUMANS, MICE, AND ASTROCYTES. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Kentucky; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/physiology_etds/45.

Council of Science Editors:

Farmer BC. APOE AS A METABOLIC REGULATOR IN HUMANS, MICE, AND ASTROCYTES. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Kentucky; 2020. Available from: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/physiology_etds/45

Bond University

12. Koh, Andy Hsien Wei. Amphetamine-like compounds in pre-workout supplements.

Degree: 2017, Bond University

URL: https://epublications.bond.edu.au/theses/159

► Pre-workout supplements (PWS), like most nutritional supplements, are classified by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) in Australia as complementary medicines and are therefore subject to… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Nutrition; Dietary supplements.; Health Sciences, Nutrition (0570); Alternative and Complementary Medicine; Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins; Biochemical Phenomena, Metabolism, and Nutrition; Medical Nutrition; Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition; Sports Sciences

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Koh, A. H. W. (2017). Amphetamine-like compounds in pre-workout supplements. (Thesis). Bond University. Retrieved from https://epublications.bond.edu.au/theses/159

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Koh, Andy Hsien Wei. “Amphetamine-like compounds in pre-workout supplements.” 2017. Thesis, Bond University. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://epublications.bond.edu.au/theses/159.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Koh, Andy Hsien Wei. “Amphetamine-like compounds in pre-workout supplements.” 2017. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Koh AHW. Amphetamine-like compounds in pre-workout supplements. [Internet] [Thesis]. Bond University; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://epublications.bond.edu.au/theses/159.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Koh AHW. Amphetamine-like compounds in pre-workout supplements. [Thesis]. Bond University; 2017. Available from: https://epublications.bond.edu.au/theses/159

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

13. Skinner, R. Chris. Apple Pomace as a Novel Aid for Western Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Young Female Sprague Dawley Rats.

Degree: PhD, Animal and Nutritional Sciences, 2019, West Virginia University

URL: https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.3916 ; https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/3916

► Apple pomace is a “waste” byproduct of apple processing that causes environmental pollution and is costly to dispose of. Yet, apple pomace is rich… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: apple pomace; NAFLD; functional food; Western diet; steatosis; inflammation; Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition

10 more images…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Skinner, R. C. (2019). Apple Pomace as a Novel Aid for Western Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Young Female Sprague Dawley Rats. (Doctoral Dissertation). West Virginia University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.3916 ; https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/3916

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Skinner, R Chris. “Apple Pomace as a Novel Aid for Western Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Young Female Sprague Dawley Rats.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, West Virginia University. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.3916 ; https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/3916.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Skinner, R Chris. “Apple Pomace as a Novel Aid for Western Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Young Female Sprague Dawley Rats.” 2019. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Skinner RC. Apple Pomace as a Novel Aid for Western Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Young Female Sprague Dawley Rats. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. West Virginia University; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.3916 ; https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/3916.

Council of Science Editors:

Skinner RC. Apple Pomace as a Novel Aid for Western Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Young Female Sprague Dawley Rats. [Doctoral Dissertation]. West Virginia University; 2019. Available from: https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.3916 ; https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/3916

University of Pennsylvania

14. Summers, Carolyn. The Effects of Methotrexate and Genetic Polymorphisms on the Folate/Homocysteine Pathway.

Degree: 2011, University of Pennsylvania

URL: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/985

► High homocysteine (Hcy) and low folate status are associated with many clinical conditions ranging from cardiovascular disease to neural tube defects. Hcy and folate levels… (more)

▼ High homocysteine (Hcy) and low folate status are associated with many clinical conditions ranging from cardiovascular disease to neural tube defects. Hcy and folate levels are affected by diet as well as lifestyle and genetic factors. Associations between genetic polymorphisms of the enzymes involved in folate/Hcy metabolism and Hcy levels and folate phenotypes were examined. Genetic polymorphisms were studied in a range of populations, which included healthy individuals, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and families with a child affected by neural tube defects (NTDs). Chronic low folate is associated with development of a “proatherosclerotic” phenotype in the endothelial cell line, EA.hy 926. The effect of the anti-folate, methotrexate (MTX), on the expression of inflammatory genes was studied in EA.hy 926 cells in the context of folate status and activation by TNF-α. Genotyping was performed by TaqMan allelic discrimination assays or by size difference PCR. Total Hcy (tHcy) concentrations and levels of plasma and red blood cell (RBC) folate derivatives were measured by stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. Affymetrix microarrays were used to assess changes in gene expression in vitro. Candidate inflammatory genes were then queried using qRT-PCR. ELISAs were performed to confirm changes in protein levels. Several polymorphisms had effects on tHcy levels and not only on total RBC folate but on individual RBC folate derivatives. Specifically effects were observed within the studies in healthy men, healthy women, and RA patients, but not in SLE patients. Also none of the polymorphisms studied showed an association with increased risk for NTDs using Transmission Disequilibrium Test analyses. Genetic polymorphisms of the enzymes of the folate/Hcy pathway impact levels of tHcy and folate, which may then impact risk for various clinical conditions. MTX increased mRNA expression and protein levels of several inflammatory genes, which included C3 and IL-8. Activation of endothelial cells by TNF-α did not seem to be affected by treatment with MTX, with exception of the up regulation of C3. MTX lowered intracellular folate and altered the distribution of folate derivatives, which had an effect on inflammatory gene expression in endothelial cells.

Subjects/Keywords: folate; homocysteine; genetics; endothelial cells; methotrexate; Genetics; Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition; Pharmacology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Summers, C. (2011). The Effects of Methotrexate and Genetic Polymorphisms on the Folate/Homocysteine Pathway. (Thesis). University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved from https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/985

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Summers, Carolyn. “The Effects of Methotrexate and Genetic Polymorphisms on the Folate/Homocysteine Pathway.” 2011. Thesis, University of Pennsylvania. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/985.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Summers, Carolyn. “The Effects of Methotrexate and Genetic Polymorphisms on the Folate/Homocysteine Pathway.” 2011. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Summers C. The Effects of Methotrexate and Genetic Polymorphisms on the Folate/Homocysteine Pathway. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Pennsylvania; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/985.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Summers C. The Effects of Methotrexate and Genetic Polymorphisms on the Folate/Homocysteine Pathway. [Thesis]. University of Pennsylvania; 2011. Available from: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/985

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Arkansas

15. Frank, Malea Graham. Evaluation of Betaine and Methionine Replacement for Improving Performance and Meat Quality for Broilers reared under Higher Temperature Conditions.

Degree: PhD, 2014, University of Arkansas

URL: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2064

► 4,096 broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 128 floor pens (32 birds/pen). 2,048 day-old male broilers were placed in the east end of a… (more)

▼ 4,096 broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 128 floor pens (32 birds/pen). 2,048 day-old male broilers were placed in the east end of a barn, and the following week 2,048 day-old male broilers were placed in the west end. At each placement day, half of the chicks were Cobb 500 and half were Ross 708, and each pen contained only one breed source. East end birds received coccidiostat in the feed, west end received coccidial vaccine, and each end was under separate environmental control. Eight diets contained two levels of coccidiostat (0, 1 lb./ton), methionine (deficient, adequate), and betaine (0, 2 lb./ton). Live weights were measured at days 0, 15, 31, 42 and 56. Cocci scoring was performed on day 22, ammonia flux was measured on day 36, and paw scoring was performed on days 42 and 56. Processing occurred on days 43 (5 birds/pen) and 57 (5 birds/pen). There were no significant differences between treatments in live weights for days 15, 31, 42, or 56. Day 42 paw scores for birds fed betaine + deficient methionine were significantly lower than other treatments, for Cobb Treatments 3 and 7, and for Ross Treatment 3. Birds in the west end had no cocci lesions, while the east did. Ross birds receiving coccidiosis-vaccine, fed betaine + reduced methionine had lower ammonia flux than Ross birds receiving either coccidiostat, fed no betaine + reduced methionine or Ross birds receiving coccidiosis-vaccine, fed betaine + adequate methionine. At day 57, Cobb birds fed betaine + reduced methionine had significantly higher breast and tender weights than all other Cobb birds, while Ross birds fed reduced methionine + no betaine had higher wing weights than any Ross birds receiving betaine. These findings indicate betaine supplementation can act to partially spare methionine. Betaine supplementation was also shown to decrease single-day heat-related mortality and also affect processing performance in broilers reared to heavy weights. Advisors/Committee Members: Susan E. Watkins, Randolph J. Chick, Nicholas B. Anthony.

Subjects/Keywords: Betaine; Broiler; Methionine; Methyl Donor; Sparing; Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition; Poultry or Avian Science

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Frank, M. G. (2014). Evaluation of Betaine and Methionine Replacement for Improving Performance and Meat Quality for Broilers reared under Higher Temperature Conditions. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arkansas. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2064

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Frank, Malea Graham. “Evaluation of Betaine and Methionine Replacement for Improving Performance and Meat Quality for Broilers reared under Higher Temperature Conditions.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arkansas. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2064.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Frank, Malea Graham. “Evaluation of Betaine and Methionine Replacement for Improving Performance and Meat Quality for Broilers reared under Higher Temperature Conditions.” 2014. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Frank MG. Evaluation of Betaine and Methionine Replacement for Improving Performance and Meat Quality for Broilers reared under Higher Temperature Conditions. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arkansas; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2064.

Council of Science Editors:

Frank MG. Evaluation of Betaine and Methionine Replacement for Improving Performance and Meat Quality for Broilers reared under Higher Temperature Conditions. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arkansas; 2014. Available from: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2064

University of Arkansas

16. Williams, Chance L. Evaluation of Phytate and Phytase Interactions and Phytase Phase-Feeding on Bird Performance, Bone Characteristics and Meat Quality in Young Growing Broilers.

Degree: PhD, 2014, University of Arkansas

URL: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2078

► Two trials were performed using one-day-old male Cobb x Cobb 500 broilers to determine how dietary phytate and phytase levels as well as phytase… (more)

▼ Two trials were performed using one-day-old male Cobb x Cobb 500 broilers to determine how dietary phytate and phytase levels as well as phytase phase feeding impacted bird performance parameters, tibia characteristics, and malonaldehyde (MDA) content of the liver, breast and thigh tissues. The first experiment consisted of 1,008 birds randomly placed in 48 floor pens within two commercial broiler houses at the Applied Broiler Research Farm (ABRF; 21 birds per pen; 0.76 ft2 per bird). A 2 X 3 factorial design was used with two levels of dietary phytate (0.21 and 0.31 %) and three levels of phytase supplementation (0, 500 and 1,500 FTU/kg). Main effect phytase improved (P < 0.05) feed intake, body weight at 17 d, body weight gain and tibia ash weight and percentage. In addition, phytase and phytate interacted (P ≤ 0.011) for FCR and FCR corrected to the overall experimental mean for body weight (AFCR). The second trial consisted of 1,056 total birds randomly placed in 48 floor pens within two commercial broiler houses at ABRF (22 birds per pen; 0.72 ft2 per bird). Treatments consisted of a positive control, a negative control (NC; less 0.16 % Ca, 0.15 % avP and 0.04 % Na), and four additional treatments based on the negative control. Treatments 3 and 4 consisted of the NC diet supplemented with 500 FTU/kg of phytase in the starter phase that was either continued through the grower diet (treatment 3) or increased to 1,500 FTU/kg (treatment 4). Treatment 5 and 6 were also the NC diet supplemented with 1,500 FTU/kg of phytase for the starter diet and either decreased to 500 FTU/kg in the grower diet (treatment 5) or maintained at 1,500 FTU/kg (treatment 6). A random complete block design was employed and analyzed using SAS GLM. At 35 d of age, phytase regimen did not affect (P > 0.05) feed intake, BW gain, FCR, AFCR or mortality. However, increasing phytase concentration from 500 FTU/kg in the starter diet to 1,500 FTU/kg in grower diet increased (P < 0.05) proximal and total tibia ash percentages when compared to broilers fed diets with 500 FTU/kg of phytase for the duration of the study. Advisors/Committee Members: Susan E. Watkins, Michael Kidd, Craig Coon.

Subjects/Keywords: Broilers; Phytase; Phytate; Super-dosing; Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition; Poultry or Avian Science

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Williams, C. L. (2014). Evaluation of Phytate and Phytase Interactions and Phytase Phase-Feeding on Bird Performance, Bone Characteristics and Meat Quality in Young Growing Broilers. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arkansas. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2078

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Williams, Chance L. “Evaluation of Phytate and Phytase Interactions and Phytase Phase-Feeding on Bird Performance, Bone Characteristics and Meat Quality in Young Growing Broilers.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arkansas. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2078.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Williams, Chance L. “Evaluation of Phytate and Phytase Interactions and Phytase Phase-Feeding on Bird Performance, Bone Characteristics and Meat Quality in Young Growing Broilers.” 2014. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Williams CL. Evaluation of Phytate and Phytase Interactions and Phytase Phase-Feeding on Bird Performance, Bone Characteristics and Meat Quality in Young Growing Broilers. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arkansas; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2078.

Council of Science Editors:

Williams CL. Evaluation of Phytate and Phytase Interactions and Phytase Phase-Feeding on Bird Performance, Bone Characteristics and Meat Quality in Young Growing Broilers. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arkansas; 2014. Available from: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2078

University of Tennessee – Knoxville

17. Curry, Benjamin Jones. The Effects of Leucine and Dairy Products on Adipose Tissue Inflammation: The Role of Adipocyte Derived Microvesicles.

Degree: 2014, University of Tennessee – Knoxville

URL: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/2887

► Obesity is characterized by chronic oxidative and inflammatory stress, and adipose tissue is a significant source of inflammatory cytokines. Previous studies demonstrated that dairy products… (more)

▼ Obesity is characterized by chronic oxidative and inflammatory stress, and adipose tissue is a significant source of inflammatory cytokines. Previous studies demonstrated that dairy products (rich in calcium and leucine) can alleviate obesity-associated inflammatory stress through suppression of 1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol) with calcium and the high leucine content in dairy. We have also shown leucine treatment increases anti-inflammatory adiponectin expression and decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-a [alpha], MCP-1, and IL-6 expression in adipocytes. Therefore, we sought to determine if these alterations in inflammatory cytokine production could have a functional effect on the inflammatory process, specifically monocyte – endothelial cell adhesion as this is one of the initial events of the inflammatory process. We demonstrate that leucine treatment of adipocytes reduces monocyte CD11b expression, endothelial cell ICAM-1 expression and, consequently, monocyte – endothelial cell adhesion in vitro while calcitriol exerted the opposite effects. Furthermore, plasma samples from obese individuals consuming high dairy diets (> [greater than] 3.5 servings/day) over a 12-week period reduced monocyte – endothelial cell adhesion, ex vivo. Recently, adipocyte derived microvesicles (ADMs) have been suggested to play a role in communication between adipose tissue and systemic circulation, so we sought to determine if adiponectin present on ADMs was responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects we have observed when treating adipocytes with leucine. Therefore, after adipocytes were treated for 48 hrs with leucine, the whole conditioned media (CM), purified ADMs, and remaining supernatant were applied to human peripheral blood to measure monocyte CD11b expression. Compared to control, leucine CM and the isolated ADMs both reduced monocyte CD11b expression while the supernatant fraction did not. Knocking down adiponectin with siRNA attenuated these effects, suggesting adiponectin associated with ADMs plays a role in mediating the anti-inflammatory effects we have observed. Collectively, these data suggest that dairy products can provide beneficial effects at reducing obesity-associated inflammation, and ADMs, in part, mediate some of these effects.

Subjects/Keywords: calcitriol; leucine; dairy products; inflammation; adipocyte; cell adhesion; Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Curry, B. J. (2014). The Effects of Leucine and Dairy Products on Adipose Tissue Inflammation: The Role of Adipocyte Derived Microvesicles. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Retrieved from https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/2887

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Curry, Benjamin Jones. “The Effects of Leucine and Dairy Products on Adipose Tissue Inflammation: The Role of Adipocyte Derived Microvesicles.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/2887.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Curry, Benjamin Jones. “The Effects of Leucine and Dairy Products on Adipose Tissue Inflammation: The Role of Adipocyte Derived Microvesicles.” 2014. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Curry BJ. The Effects of Leucine and Dairy Products on Adipose Tissue Inflammation: The Role of Adipocyte Derived Microvesicles. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/2887.

Council of Science Editors:

Curry BJ. The Effects of Leucine and Dairy Products on Adipose Tissue Inflammation: The Role of Adipocyte Derived Microvesicles. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2014. Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/2887

University of Tennessee – Knoxville

18. Purohit, Jaanki Shamb. Activation of Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing Protein 1 in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes: Effects on Adipocyte Differentiation and Lipolysis.

Degree: MS, Nutritional Sciences, 2013, University of Tennessee – Knoxville

URL: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/2488

► Obesity, defined as having excess adipose tissue, is associated with chronic inflammation. Adipose tissue is made up of many cell types, including preadipocytes and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: adipocyte; innate immune; inflammation; differentiation; lipolysis; NOD1; Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition

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APA (6^th Edition):

Purohit, J. S. (2013). Activation of Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing Protein 1 in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes: Effects on Adipocyte Differentiation and Lipolysis. (Thesis). University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Retrieved from https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/2488

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Purohit, Jaanki Shamb. “Activation of Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing Protein 1 in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes: Effects on Adipocyte Differentiation and Lipolysis.” 2013. Thesis, University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/2488.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Purohit, Jaanki Shamb. “Activation of Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing Protein 1 in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes: Effects on Adipocyte Differentiation and Lipolysis.” 2013. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Purohit JS. Activation of Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing Protein 1 in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes: Effects on Adipocyte Differentiation and Lipolysis. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/2488.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Purohit JS. Activation of Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing Protein 1 in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes: Effects on Adipocyte Differentiation and Lipolysis. [Thesis]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2013. Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/2488

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Tennessee – Knoxville

19. Ricciardi, Carolyn Jeanne. The Suppressive Effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and Vitamin D Receptor on Brown Adipocyte Differentiation and Mitochondrial Respiration.

Degree: MS, Nutrition, 2014, University of Tennessee – Knoxville

URL: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/2876

► The vitamin D system plays a role in metabolism regulation. It has been reported that 1,25(OH)₂D₃ [1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D] suppresses 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. Vitamin D… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Vitamin D receptor; brown adipocyte; UCP1; mitochondrial respiration; Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ricciardi, C. J. (2014). The Suppressive Effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and Vitamin D Receptor on Brown Adipocyte Differentiation and Mitochondrial Respiration. (Thesis). University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Retrieved from https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/2876

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ricciardi, Carolyn Jeanne. “The Suppressive Effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and Vitamin D Receptor on Brown Adipocyte Differentiation and Mitochondrial Respiration.” 2014. Thesis, University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/2876.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ricciardi, Carolyn Jeanne. “The Suppressive Effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and Vitamin D Receptor on Brown Adipocyte Differentiation and Mitochondrial Respiration.” 2014. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Ricciardi CJ. The Suppressive Effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and Vitamin D Receptor on Brown Adipocyte Differentiation and Mitochondrial Respiration. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/2876.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ricciardi CJ. The Suppressive Effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and Vitamin D Receptor on Brown Adipocyte Differentiation and Mitochondrial Respiration. [Thesis]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2014. Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/2876

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Tennessee – Knoxville

20. Goff, Matthew Ray. Long-Term Treatment with Insulin and Retinoic Acid Increased Glucose Usage in L6 Muscle Cells via Glycogenesis.

Degree: 2016, University of Tennessee – Knoxville

URL: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/3916

► Skeletal muscle glucose metabolism can affect whole body glucose homeostasis significantly. Vitamin A (VA) plays a role in a number of physiological functions including glucose… (more)

▼ Skeletal muscle glucose metabolism can affect whole body glucose homeostasis significantly. Vitamin A (VA) plays a role in a number of physiological functions including glucose metabolism. However, its role in skeletal muscle glucose metabolism has not been well established. Insulin controls glucose metabolism in the skeletal muscle via the regulations of glucose uptake, glycogenesis, and glycolysis. We hypothesize that insulin and VA signaling pathways may converge to regulate glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle. Here, the effects of retinoic acid (RA) alone and in combination with insulin on glucose utilization in rat L6 muscle cells were studied. L6 cells were treated with 1 mM [micromole] RA and 10 nM [nanomole] insulin for a period of 6 days. Compared to control, cells treated with RA utilized significantly more glucose at days 4 and 6. RA synergized with insulin to increase glucose usage at 4 and 6 days after treatment. RA and insulin synergistically increased the protein expression levels of glycogen synthase and glycogen synthase kinase-3 phosphorylation, while decreasing glycogen synthase phosphorylation. Similar results were seen in VA deficient (VAD) and sufficient (VAS) rats with the VAS rats who received insulin injections having decreased levels of glycogen synthase phosphorylation and increased levels of glycogen synthase. To determine possible nuclear receptors responsible for the RA effect, L6 cells were treated with specific agonists for retinoic acid receptor, retinoid-X-receptor, or liver-X-receptor. Only the retinoic acid receptor specific agonist mimics the effects of RA to increase glucose usage and protein expression level of glycogen synthase in the presence of insulin. In addition, glycogen content was significantly increased in L6 cells treated with RA + insulin and TTNPB + insulin. Interestingly, this increased glucose usage in L6 cells was associated with a reduction of glucose transporter (GLUT) 1 and GLUT4 expression, and induction of GLUT3 and GLUT6 expression, a novel observation that has not been reported. We conclude that RA and insulin signaling pathways work cooperatively to enhance muscle cell glucose utilization through the induction of expression level of glycogen synthase, increase of glycogenesis, and alteration of expression profile of GLUTs in L6 cells.

Subjects/Keywords: skeletal muscle; vitamin A; insulin; glycogen; diabetes; glucose; Cellular and Molecular Physiology; Exercise Physiology; Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition; Nutrition

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APA (6^th Edition):

Goff, M. R. (2016). Long-Term Treatment with Insulin and Retinoic Acid Increased Glucose Usage in L6 Muscle Cells via Glycogenesis. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Retrieved from https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/3916

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Goff, Matthew Ray. “Long-Term Treatment with Insulin and Retinoic Acid Increased Glucose Usage in L6 Muscle Cells via Glycogenesis.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/3916.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Goff, Matthew Ray. “Long-Term Treatment with Insulin and Retinoic Acid Increased Glucose Usage in L6 Muscle Cells via Glycogenesis.” 2016. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Goff MR. Long-Term Treatment with Insulin and Retinoic Acid Increased Glucose Usage in L6 Muscle Cells via Glycogenesis. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/3916.

Council of Science Editors:

Goff MR. Long-Term Treatment with Insulin and Retinoic Acid Increased Glucose Usage in L6 Muscle Cells via Glycogenesis. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2016. Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/3916

University of Arkansas

21. Frederick, Brittany. Antiproliferative Activity of Carotenoids, Phenolic Compounds, and Volatile Terpenoids in Carrots (Daucus carota L.).

Degree: MS, 2018, University of Arkansas

URL: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2685

► Epidemiological studies have shown an association between high carrot consumption and low prevalence of cancer. This observation has been thought to be attributed to… (more)

▼ Epidemiological studies have shown an association between high carrot consumption and low prevalence of cancer. This observation has been thought to be attributed to carrot carotenoids. Despite this, various intervention trials have displayed no changes in incidence or increased incidence of cancer with carotenoid supplementation. It is possible that carrot phenolics are responsible for this association, though this has not been widely accepted. Volatile terpenoids from carrots have not been studied in this regard. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to compare the antiproliferative effects of carotenoids, phenolics, and volatile terpenoids extracted from carrots on Caco-2 colon cancer cells in vitro. Briefly, carrot carotenoids, phenolics, and volatiles were extracted from carrots using liquid-liquid, solid phase, and distillation extraction techniques respectively. 1000 Caco-2 cells were seeded in a 96-well plate, treated with the carrot carotenoid, phenolic, or volatile extract at a dilution of 50X, 100X, or 200X, then counted at 0, 6, and 12 hours after treatment using the MTS assay. The carrot carotenoids, phenolics, and volatile terpenoids did not exhibit a significantly different treatment effect over time compared to control conditions, (p-value = 0.2757), however a significant antiproliferative effect was seen at the 6 hour time point for all treatments except the volatile extract at a dilution of 200X indicating effectiveness after 6 hours of exposure. A secondary objective of this study was to conduct the same MTS assay on Caco-2 cells using the three most predominant individual compounds present in the carrot volatile extract at their inherent concentrations which were γ-terpinene, Terpinolene, and α-phellandrene. None of these compounds exhibited a significantly different treatment effect over time compared to control conditions, (p-value = 0.4975), however all three provided significantly lower mean cell counts compared to control conditions at the 6 and 12 hour time points, indicating them as effective antiproliferative treatments 6 hours of exposure. Future work is warranted to elucidate mechanisms of action and bioavailability of these experimental treatments. Advisors/Committee Members: Luke Howard, Andrew Bartlett, Sun-Ok Lee.

Subjects/Keywords: Antiproliferation; Caco-2; Carrots; Chemoprevention; Nutrition; Terpenoids; Food Chemistry; Human and Clinical Nutrition; Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition

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APA (6^th Edition):

Frederick, B. (2018). Antiproliferative Activity of Carotenoids, Phenolic Compounds, and Volatile Terpenoids in Carrots (Daucus carota L.). (Masters Thesis). University of Arkansas. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2685

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Frederick, Brittany. “Antiproliferative Activity of Carotenoids, Phenolic Compounds, and Volatile Terpenoids in Carrots (Daucus carota L.).” 2018. Masters Thesis, University of Arkansas. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2685.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Frederick, Brittany. “Antiproliferative Activity of Carotenoids, Phenolic Compounds, and Volatile Terpenoids in Carrots (Daucus carota L.).” 2018. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Frederick B. Antiproliferative Activity of Carotenoids, Phenolic Compounds, and Volatile Terpenoids in Carrots (Daucus carota L.). [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Arkansas; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2685.

Council of Science Editors:

Frederick B. Antiproliferative Activity of Carotenoids, Phenolic Compounds, and Volatile Terpenoids in Carrots (Daucus carota L.). [Masters Thesis]. University of Arkansas; 2018. Available from: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2685

University of Arkansas

22. Mitchell, Charlayne. The Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Energy Metabolism, Energy Intake, and Metabolic Response in Normal Weight and Overweight and Obese School Aged Children (8-12 years).

Degree: MS, 2016, University of Arkansas

URL: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2008

► Background: Obesity is a major health concern in the United States. Omega-3 fatty acids (O3FA) have been observed to improve metabolic health and therefore… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Breakfast; Childhood Obesity; Nutrition; Obesity; Omega-3 Fatty Acids; Human and Clinical Nutrition; Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mitchell, C. (2016). The Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Energy Metabolism, Energy Intake, and Metabolic Response in Normal Weight and Overweight and Obese School Aged Children (8-12 years). (Masters Thesis). University of Arkansas. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2008

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mitchell, Charlayne. “The Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Energy Metabolism, Energy Intake, and Metabolic Response in Normal Weight and Overweight and Obese School Aged Children (8-12 years).” 2016. Masters Thesis, University of Arkansas. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2008.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mitchell, Charlayne. “The Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Energy Metabolism, Energy Intake, and Metabolic Response in Normal Weight and Overweight and Obese School Aged Children (8-12 years).” 2016. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Mitchell C. The Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Energy Metabolism, Energy Intake, and Metabolic Response in Normal Weight and Overweight and Obese School Aged Children (8-12 years). [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Arkansas; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2008.

Council of Science Editors:

Mitchell C. The Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Energy Metabolism, Energy Intake, and Metabolic Response in Normal Weight and Overweight and Obese School Aged Children (8-12 years). [Masters Thesis]. University of Arkansas; 2016. Available from: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2008

University of Arkansas

23. Lassissi Akande, Tajudini. Physio-Chemical and Sensory Properties of a Nutrient-Fortified Extruded Product.

Degree: MS, 2013, University of Arkansas

URL: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/671

► Protein malnutrition is responsible for half the deaths of children under the age of five each year in developing countries. More than 4%, 26%,… (more)

▼ Protein malnutrition is responsible for half the deaths of children under the age of five each year in developing countries. More than 4%, 26%, and 70% of children with protein malnutrition live in Latin America/the Caribbean, Africa, and Asia, respectively. The objective of this research was to develop a novel snack made with millet, black eye bean (from Niger Republic), and rice flour fortified with soybean meal protein using extrusion technology. Proximate analysis of the four flours was carried out to determine their chemical composition. Central composite design (CCD) was used to obtain best extrusion conditions to develop a protein-enriched snack with desirable physio-chemical and sensory properties. The extrusion was conducted following the CCD at varying temperature (190-275 0C) and screw speed (60-110 rpm). Sensory properties were evaluated in terms of color and overall visual acceptability of the extrudates using a nine-point hedonic scale. The results suggested that the two extrusion variables (barrel temperature and screw speed) were found to influence the extrudate physio-chemical and sensory properties both independently and interactively. The extruder barrel temperature was observed to be the most significant factor that affected the extrudate properties. The best extrusion conditions was obtained at a screw speed of 60 rpm and a barrel temperature of 190 °C based on expansion ratio, bulk density, water holding capacity, texture, color and overall visual acceptance of the extruded products. This study demonstrated that extruded products which were acceptable to consumers could be prepared from blends of millet, beans, soy and rice flour under a range of extrusion conditions up to 30% of soy flour. This product could be supplied to the developing parts of the world which are prone to protein energy malnutrition especially in Africa. This is the first attempt to produce a soymeal-based enriched protein product with millet and beans from Niger Republic Advisors/Committee Members: Navam S. Hettiarachchy, Jean-Francois Meullenet, Steve Seideman.

Subjects/Keywords: Biological sciences; Extrusion cooking; Food Microbiology; Food Security; Human and Clinical Nutrition; International and Community Nutrition; Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lassissi Akande, T. (2013). Physio-Chemical and Sensory Properties of a Nutrient-Fortified Extruded Product. (Masters Thesis). University of Arkansas. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/671

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lassissi Akande, Tajudini. “Physio-Chemical and Sensory Properties of a Nutrient-Fortified Extruded Product.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of Arkansas. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/671.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lassissi Akande, Tajudini. “Physio-Chemical and Sensory Properties of a Nutrient-Fortified Extruded Product.” 2013. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Lassissi Akande T. Physio-Chemical and Sensory Properties of a Nutrient-Fortified Extruded Product. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Arkansas; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/671.

Council of Science Editors:

Lassissi Akande T. Physio-Chemical and Sensory Properties of a Nutrient-Fortified Extruded Product. [Masters Thesis]. University of Arkansas; 2013. Available from: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/671

24. Engelsen, Liv Astri. The Effects of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3, Docosahexaenoic Acid and 5-Fluorouracil on Human Breast Cancer Cells.

Degree: MS, Nutrition, 2012, Central Washington University

URL: https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/etd/660

► It is well documented that vitamin D and DHA have antiproliferative effects on a variety of human cancers, including breast cancer. Studies have shown that… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Science; Nutrition; Breast – Cancer; Master of Science in Biology; Life Sciences; Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition; Nutrition

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APA (6^th Edition):

Engelsen, L. A. (2012). The Effects of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3, Docosahexaenoic Acid and 5-Fluorouracil on Human Breast Cancer Cells. (Masters Thesis). Central Washington University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/etd/660

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Engelsen, Liv Astri. “The Effects of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3, Docosahexaenoic Acid and 5-Fluorouracil on Human Breast Cancer Cells.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Central Washington University. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/etd/660.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Engelsen, Liv Astri. “The Effects of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3, Docosahexaenoic Acid and 5-Fluorouracil on Human Breast Cancer Cells.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Engelsen LA. The Effects of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3, Docosahexaenoic Acid and 5-Fluorouracil on Human Breast Cancer Cells. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Central Washington University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/etd/660.

Council of Science Editors:

Engelsen LA. The Effects of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3, Docosahexaenoic Acid and 5-Fluorouracil on Human Breast Cancer Cells. [Masters Thesis]. Central Washington University; 2012. Available from: https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/etd/660

West Virginia University

25. Williamson, Naomi Garrett. The effects of internal physiology on polyphenic horn development in the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus.

Degree: MS, Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, 2020, West Virginia University

URL: https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.7556 ; https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/7556

► An organism’s phenotype can be affected in development by alterations to gene expression based on environmental inputs. Nutrition is one such environmental input and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Metabolomics; Polyphenism; Insect Physiology; Genetics; Development; Evolution; Nutrition; Developmental Biology; Entomology; Evolution; Genetics; Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition

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APA (6^th Edition):

Williamson, N. G. (2020). The effects of internal physiology on polyphenic horn development in the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus. (Thesis). West Virginia University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.7556 ; https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/7556

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Williamson, Naomi Garrett. “The effects of internal physiology on polyphenic horn development in the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus.” 2020. Thesis, West Virginia University. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.7556 ; https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/7556.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Williamson, Naomi Garrett. “The effects of internal physiology on polyphenic horn development in the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus.” 2020. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Williamson NG. The effects of internal physiology on polyphenic horn development in the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus. [Internet] [Thesis]. West Virginia University; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.7556 ; https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/7556.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Williamson NG. The effects of internal physiology on polyphenic horn development in the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus. [Thesis]. West Virginia University; 2020. Available from: https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.7556 ; https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/7556

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Arkansas

26. Gu, Xuan. Effects of Grain Sorghum Muffin on Blood Glucose and Insulin Responses in Prediabetic Men.

Degree: MS, 2014, University of Arkansas

URL: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2025

► Prediabetes is a sub-health condition in the development to type 2 diabetes, which has been long overlooked. Grain sorghum contains functional starch fractions, which… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Blood Glucose; Functional Starch; Grain Sorghum; Insulin; Prediabetes; Food Chemistry; Human and Clinical Nutrition; Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gu, X. (2014). Effects of Grain Sorghum Muffin on Blood Glucose and Insulin Responses in Prediabetic Men. (Masters Thesis). University of Arkansas. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2025

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gu, Xuan. “Effects of Grain Sorghum Muffin on Blood Glucose and Insulin Responses in Prediabetic Men.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Arkansas. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2025.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gu, Xuan. “Effects of Grain Sorghum Muffin on Blood Glucose and Insulin Responses in Prediabetic Men.” 2014. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Gu X. Effects of Grain Sorghum Muffin on Blood Glucose and Insulin Responses in Prediabetic Men. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Arkansas; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2025.

Council of Science Editors:

Gu X. Effects of Grain Sorghum Muffin on Blood Glucose and Insulin Responses in Prediabetic Men. [Masters Thesis]. University of Arkansas; 2014. Available from: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2025

University of Arkansas

27. Neumann, Brianna Lynne. The Effect of Protein Quantity and Quality at Breakfast on Energy Metabolism, Appetite and Metabolic Health.

Degree: MS, 2016, University of Arkansas

URL: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1475

► Obesity is a global health concern and, within the United States, the current obesity rate is 36% and projected to double within the next… (more)

▼ Obesity is a global health concern and, within the United States, the current obesity rate is 36% and projected to double within the next two decades. Obesity is linked to many chronic diseases such as cancer, heart disease and type 2 diabetes. In young females, weight gain (5-11 kg) between the ages of 20-30 years increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disorders later in life. The cause of obesity is multifactorial in nature, however fundamentally weight gain occurs when energy intake is greater than energy expended (i.e. calories in > calories out). Therefore, identifying and validating nutritional intervention strategies to modulate energy balance is necessary in order to treat and prevent weight gain in the future. There is an abundance of scientific literature demonstrating diets higher in protein are beneficial for both weight loss and weight management. Higher protein intake is associated with increases in energy expenditure, decreases in hunger and improved glycemic response. What is less known is how protein quality of the diet impacts health outcomes. Protein quality is defined by the proportion of essential amino acids a protein contains relative to our body’s needs. Therefore, the quality of protein may also impact the ability of a protein to be beneficial for health. Metabolic health may also be influenced by the time of day protein consumption occurs, specifically the intake of protein at breakfast. Unfortunately, avoidance of breakfast consumption, as a whole, is inversely associated with body mass index. However, increasing protein intake in the morning has been supported as an effective strategy for weight loss by increasing energy expenditure, fat oxidation, and favorably altering appetite signaling. Yet, data is also lacking regarding protein’s adaptive metabolic response to habitual protein intake at breakfast. Therefore the objective of this thesis was to determine if protein quality and quantity consumed at breakfast influenced energy expenditure, appetite, and metabolic health in young females. Advisors/Committee Members: Jamie I. Baum, Sun-Ok Lee, Sami Dridi.

Subjects/Keywords: Health and environmental sciences; Breakfast; Energy expenditure; Protein; Food Chemistry; Human and Clinical Nutrition; Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition

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APA (6^th Edition):

Neumann, B. L. (2016). The Effect of Protein Quantity and Quality at Breakfast on Energy Metabolism, Appetite and Metabolic Health. (Masters Thesis). University of Arkansas. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1475

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Neumann, Brianna Lynne. “The Effect of Protein Quantity and Quality at Breakfast on Energy Metabolism, Appetite and Metabolic Health.” 2016. Masters Thesis, University of Arkansas. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1475.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Neumann, Brianna Lynne. “The Effect of Protein Quantity and Quality at Breakfast on Energy Metabolism, Appetite and Metabolic Health.” 2016. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Neumann BL. The Effect of Protein Quantity and Quality at Breakfast on Energy Metabolism, Appetite and Metabolic Health. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Arkansas; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1475.

Council of Science Editors:

Neumann BL. The Effect of Protein Quantity and Quality at Breakfast on Energy Metabolism, Appetite and Metabolic Health. [Masters Thesis]. University of Arkansas; 2016. Available from: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1475

University of Tennessee – Knoxville

28. Kearns, Jamie Ann. Beneficial effects of naringenin and indomethacin on white and brown adipocytes.

Degree: MS, Nutrition, 2016, University of Tennessee – Knoxville

URL: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/4265

► As obesity continues to grow and medical costs in the United States are estimated at $147 billion annually, novel ways to prevent and treat… (more)

▼ As obesity continues to grow and medical costs in the United States are estimated at $147 billion annually, novel ways to prevent and treat obesity are needed. One approach is to promote thermogenesis to improve energy balance by increasing the activities of thermogenic brown and beige adipocytes. Naringenin, a citrus flavanone, has been shown to act as anti-inflammatory and lipid lowering agent as well as activate PPARgamma. However, it is unclear whether it can activate thermogenic activity in white adipocytes, i.e., promote formation of beige adipocytes. Indomethacin (INDO) is an FDA approved drug used to treat pain related to inflammation by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX). It has been demonstrated that INDO is a PPARgamma agonist and is protective against weight gain in mice fed a high fat and high sucrose diet. Whether INDO independently induces brown adipocyte differentiation has not been studied. In this thesis, I investigated the effect of naringenin combined with isoproterenol, a beta- adrenergic receptor agonist on thermogenic activation of a common white adipocyte cell line, 3T3-L1. In addition, I investigated whether INDO induces brown adipocyte differentiation. 3T3- L1 cells were differentiated into mature adipocytes with a standard differentiation cocktail in the presence of naringenin and then stimulated with isoproterenol. While naringenin had little effect at the basal level, it significantly increased mRNA and protein expression of UCP-1 and PGC- 1alpha, browning marker genes. Moreover, naringenin increased mitochondrial DNA, which is indicative of increased mitochondrial biogenesis. The results suggest that in addition to increased UCP-1 expression, naringenin can promote up regulation of PGC-1alpha, leading to increased mitochondrial biogenesis in thermogenic activation of 3T3-L1. To study the effects of INDO on brown adipocyte differentiation I differentiated brown preadipocytes in the presence of increasing doses of INDO using a modified differentiation protocol. INDO dose-dependently increased lipid accumulation and mRNA expression of brown specific marker genes PGC-1alpha, UCP-1 and PRDM16. Protein expression of PGC-1alpha and UCP-1 was confirmed by western analysis. Consistently, INDO dose-dependently increased mitochondrial biogenesis. Mechanistically, INDO increased PPAR responsive promoter activities. These results suggest that INDO may promote brown adipogenesis through activation of PPARgamma. Advisors/Committee Members: Ling Zhao, Guoxun Chen, Ahmed Bettaieb.

Subjects/Keywords: UCP-1; PGC-1alpha; indomethacin; naringenin; brown adipocyte; mitochondrial biogenesis; Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition; Nutrition

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kearns, J. A. (2016). Beneficial effects of naringenin and indomethacin on white and brown adipocytes. (Thesis). University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Retrieved from https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/4265

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kearns, Jamie Ann. “Beneficial effects of naringenin and indomethacin on white and brown adipocytes.” 2016. Thesis, University of Tennessee – Knoxville. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/4265.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kearns, Jamie Ann. “Beneficial effects of naringenin and indomethacin on white and brown adipocytes.” 2016. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kearns JA. Beneficial effects of naringenin and indomethacin on white and brown adipocytes. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/4265.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kearns JA. Beneficial effects of naringenin and indomethacin on white and brown adipocytes. [Thesis]. University of Tennessee – Knoxville; 2016. Available from: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/4265

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Kentucky

29. Schnell, David M. VITAMIN D WORKS THROUGH THE LIPID DROPLET PROTEIN PLIN2 TO AUGMENT MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION IN SKELETAL MUSCLE.

Degree: 2018, University of Kentucky

URL: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pharmacol_etds/23

► min D has been connected with increased intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle. It is also shown to prevent lipotoxicity in several tissues,… (more)

▼ min D has been connected with increased intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle. It is also shown to prevent lipotoxicity in several tissues, but this has not yet been examined in skeletal muscle. Perilipin 2 (PLIN2), a lipid droplet protein upregulated with vitamin D treatment, is integral to managing IMCL capacity and lipid oxidation in skeletal muscle. Increased lipid storage and oxidation is associated with increased tolerance to a hyperlipidic environment and resistance to lipotoxicity. Therefore, I hypothesized that vitamin D increases β-oxidation and lipid turnover though a PLIN2 mediated mechanism, thereby preventing lipotoxicity. This hypothesis was divided into two specific aims: 1) Characterize the effect of vitamin D and PLIN2 on lipid turnover and β-oxidation in mature myotubes, and 2) Determine the role of vitamin D and PLIN2 in regulating key markers of lipotoxicity. To address these aims, cells were treated with or without vitamin D, palmitate, and PLIN2 siRNA in an eight group, 2x2x2 design. Key experiments included quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction for markers of lipid accumulation, lipolysis, and lipotoxicity; Seahorse oxygen consumption assay; 14C-palmitate oxidation assay; and analyses of lipid accumulation and profile. Failure of the palmitate treatment to produce a reliable model for lipotoxicity resulted in negative data for Aim 2 of this dissertation and a focus on vitamin D and PLIN2 knockdown treatments as a four group, 2x2 model. Aim 1 showed that vitamin D reliably increases markers of lipolysis and lipid accumulation. Most of these markers were in turn decreased after PLIN2 knockdown, and DGAT2 exhibited an interaction effect between the two treatments. Contrary to our hypothesis and some published research, PLIN2 knockdown did not prevent lipid accumulation. Vitamin D increased oxygen consumption, especially consumption driven by mitochondrial complex II. PLIN2 knockdown decreased oxygen consumption and demonstrated an interaction effect specific to mitochondrial complex II. Data in this dissertation show that vitamin D increases mitochondrial function, and these effects are at least in part accomplished through a PLIN2 mediated mechanism. However, this work lacks the data required to make specific claims regarding β-oxidation and lipid turnover. This research is some of the first to show that PLIN2 knockdown carries negative impacts for skeletal muscle mitochondria and makes valuable contributions to general knowledge of how vitamin D and lipid storage impact muscle health and function. This ultimately provides additional evidence to advocate for vitamin D supplementation as a means of improving musculoskeletal health and function. Future research should investigate how vitamin D and PLIN2 impact markers of lipotoxicity in skeletal muscle.

Subjects/Keywords: Vitamin D; PLIN2; Skeletal Muscle; Mitochondrial Metabolism; Lipid Droplets; Life Sciences; Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition; Nutrition

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Schnell, D. M. (2018). VITAMIN D WORKS THROUGH THE LIPID DROPLET PROTEIN PLIN2 TO AUGMENT MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION IN SKELETAL MUSCLE. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Kentucky. Retrieved from https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pharmacol_etds/23

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Schnell, David M. “VITAMIN D WORKS THROUGH THE LIPID DROPLET PROTEIN PLIN2 TO AUGMENT MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION IN SKELETAL MUSCLE.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Kentucky. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pharmacol_etds/23.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Schnell, David M. “VITAMIN D WORKS THROUGH THE LIPID DROPLET PROTEIN PLIN2 TO AUGMENT MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION IN SKELETAL MUSCLE.” 2018. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Schnell DM. VITAMIN D WORKS THROUGH THE LIPID DROPLET PROTEIN PLIN2 TO AUGMENT MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION IN SKELETAL MUSCLE. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Kentucky; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pharmacol_etds/23.

Council of Science Editors:

Schnell DM. VITAMIN D WORKS THROUGH THE LIPID DROPLET PROTEIN PLIN2 TO AUGMENT MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION IN SKELETAL MUSCLE. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Kentucky; 2018. Available from: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pharmacol_etds/23

University of Kentucky

30. Hoffman, Jessie Baldwin. PCB DISRUPTION OF GUT AND HOST HEALTH: IMPLICATIONS OF PREBIOTIC NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION.

Degree: 2018, University of Kentucky

URL: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pharmacol_etds/25

► Exposure to environmental pollutants poses numerous risk factors for human health, including increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Persistent organic pollutants, such as polychlorinated… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Gut Microbiota; Cardiometabolic disease; PCBs; Inulin; Prebiotic; Nutrition; Environmental Health; Microbiology; Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition; Toxicology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Hoffman, J. B. (2018). PCB DISRUPTION OF GUT AND HOST HEALTH: IMPLICATIONS OF PREBIOTIC NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Kentucky. Retrieved from https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pharmacol_etds/25

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hoffman, Jessie Baldwin. “PCB DISRUPTION OF GUT AND HOST HEALTH: IMPLICATIONS OF PREBIOTIC NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Kentucky. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pharmacol_etds/25.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hoffman, Jessie Baldwin. “PCB DISRUPTION OF GUT AND HOST HEALTH: IMPLICATIONS OF PREBIOTIC NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION.” 2018. Web. 23 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Hoffman JB. PCB DISRUPTION OF GUT AND HOST HEALTH: IMPLICATIONS OF PREBIOTIC NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Kentucky; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 23]. Available from: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pharmacol_etds/25.

Council of Science Editors:

Hoffman JB. PCB DISRUPTION OF GUT AND HOST HEALTH: IMPLICATIONS OF PREBIOTIC NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Kentucky; 2018. Available from: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pharmacol_etds/25

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Open Access Theses and Dissertations