subject:(Mixed gas permeation)

King Abdullah University of Science and Technology

1. Alaslai, Nasser Y. Gas Sorption, Diffusion and Permeation in a Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM-7).

Degree: 2013, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology

► The entire world including Saudi Arabia is dependent on natural gas to provide new energy supplies for the future. Conventional ways for gas separation are… (more)

▼ The entire world including Saudi Arabia is dependent on natural gas to provide new energy supplies for the future. Conventional ways for gas separation are expensive, and, hence, it is very important to reduce the cost and lower the energy consumption. Membrane technology is a relatively new separation process for natural gas purification with large growth potential, specifically for off-shore applications. The economics of any membrane separation process depend primarily on the intrinsic gas permeation properties of the membrane materials. All current commercial membranes for natural gas separation are made from polymers, which have several drawbacks, including low permeability, moderate selectivity, and poor stability in acid gas and hydrocarbon environments. The recent development of polymeric materials called “polymers of intrinsic microporosity” (PIMs) provide a new class of high-performance membrane materials that are anticipated to be used in natural gas separation processes including, but not limited to, acid gas removal and separation of hydrocarbons from methane. PIM-7 is an excellent example of a material from the PIMs series for gas separation. It was selected for this work since it has not been extensively tested for its gas permeation properties to date. Specifically, sorption and mixed-gas permeation data were not available for PIM-7 prior to this work. Sorption isotherms of N2, O2, CH4, CO2, C2H6, C3H8 and n-C4H10 were determined over a range of pressures at 35 °C for PIM-7 using a custom-designed dual-volume pressure decay system. Condensable hydrocarbon gases, such as C3H8 and n-C4H10, show significantly higher solubility than the other less condensable gas of the test series due to their high affinity to the polymer matrix. Dual-mode sorption model parameters were determined from the sorption isotherms. Henry’s law solubility, Langmuir capacity constant and the affinity constant increased with gas condensability. Permeability coefficients of He, H2, N2, O2, CH4, CO2, C2H6, C3H8 and n-C4H10 were measured at 35 °C and 2 atm feed pressure using a home-made constant-volume/variable pressure pure-gas permeation system. Hydrocarbon-induced plasticization of PIM-7 was confirmed by measuring the permeability coefficients of C3H8 and n-C4H10 as function of pressure at 35 °C. Diffusion coefficients were calculated from the permeability and solubility data at 2 atm for all penetrants tested and as function of pressure for C3H8 and n-C4H10; the values for C3 and C4 increased significantly with pressure because of plasticization. Physical aging was studied by measuring the permeability coefficients of a number of gases in fresh and aged films. Mixed-gas permeation tests were performed for a feed mixture of 2 vol% n-butane and 98 vol% methane. Based on BET surface area measurements using N2 as a probe molecule, PIM-7 is a microporous polymer (S = 690 m2/g) and it was expected to exhibit selectivity for n-butane over methane, as previously observed for other microporous polymers, such as PIM-1 and PTMSP.…

Subjects/Keywords: Natural Gas; Gas Separation; Permeation; Sorption; PIM-7; PIMs; Mixed Gas

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APA (6^th Edition):

Alaslai, N. Y. (2013). Gas Sorption, Diffusion and Permeation in a Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM-7). (Thesis). King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10754/293348

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Alaslai, Nasser Y. “Gas Sorption, Diffusion and Permeation in a Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM-7).” 2013. Thesis, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/293348.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Alaslai, Nasser Y. “Gas Sorption, Diffusion and Permeation in a Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM-7).” 2013. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Alaslai NY. Gas Sorption, Diffusion and Permeation in a Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM-7). [Internet] [Thesis]. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10754/293348.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Alaslai NY. Gas Sorption, Diffusion and Permeation in a Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM-7). [Thesis]. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10754/293348

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

2. Althumayri, Khalid Abdulmohsen M. POLYMERS OF INTRINSIC MICROPOROSITY AND INCORPORATION OF GRAPHENE INTO PIM-1 FOR GASSEPARATION.

Degree: 2016, University of Manchester

URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:299896

► Membrane-based gas separation processes are an area of interest owing to their high industrial demand for a wide range of applications, such as natural gas… (more)

▼ Membrane-based gas separation processes are an area of interest owing to their high industrial demand for a wide range of applications, such as natural gas purification from CO2 or H2, and N2 or O2 separation from air. This thesis is focused on developing and investigating polymeric-based membranes. Firstly, novel mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were prepared, incorporating few-layer graphene in the polymer of intrinsic microporosity PIM-1. Secondly, novel polyphenylene-based polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PP-PIMs) were synthesised.An optimum preparation method of graphene/PIM-1 MMMs (GPMMMs) was established from numbers of experiments. In this study, graphene exfoliation was a step towards GPMMM preparation. Starting from graphene exfoliation in chloroform, as a good solvent for PIM-1, enhancement in graphene dispersibility was obtained with addition of PIM-1. This result helped in GPMMM preparation with high graphene content (up to 4 wt.%). Characterizations techniques such as Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of GPMMMs, confirmed the few layer graphene content, with morphology changes in the polymeric matrix compared to pure PIM-1.Gas permeability results of GPMMMs showed an enhancement in permeability with low loading graphene (0.1 wt.%) using a relatively low permeability PIM-1 batch, due to high water content. However, less influence of graphene incorporation on permeability was observed with a highly permeable PIM-1 batch. Reduction in permeability over time, termed an ageing effect, is known for a polymer of high-free volume like PIM-1. However, the enhancement of GPMMMs permeability after eight months storage was shown to be retained.Novel PP-PIMs were prepared from novel precursors using a series known organic reactions. PP-PIMs were divided into two groups of polymers based on their polymerization reactions. A group of polymers were prepared from condensation polymerization between bis-catecol monomers and tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile (TFTPN). Another group of polymers were prepared from Diels Alder polymerization between monomers of terminal bisphenylacetylene groups and bis tetraphenylcyclopentadienones (TPCPDs). All of which yielded polymers with apparent BET surface area in the range 290-443 m2 g-1. Advisors/Committee Members: GARDINER, JOHN JM, Gardiner, John, Budd, Peter.

Subjects/Keywords: Mixed matrix membranes; Polymers of intrinsic microporosity; Graphene; Gas permeation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Althumayri, K. A. M. (2016). POLYMERS OF INTRINSIC MICROPOROSITY AND INCORPORATION OF GRAPHENE INTO PIM-1 FOR GASSEPARATION. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:299896

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Althumayri, Khalid Abdulmohsen M. “POLYMERS OF INTRINSIC MICROPOROSITY AND INCORPORATION OF GRAPHENE INTO PIM-1 FOR GASSEPARATION.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:299896.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Althumayri, Khalid Abdulmohsen M. “POLYMERS OF INTRINSIC MICROPOROSITY AND INCORPORATION OF GRAPHENE INTO PIM-1 FOR GASSEPARATION.” 2016. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Althumayri KAM. POLYMERS OF INTRINSIC MICROPOROSITY AND INCORPORATION OF GRAPHENE INTO PIM-1 FOR GASSEPARATION. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:299896.

Council of Science Editors:

Althumayri KAM. POLYMERS OF INTRINSIC MICROPOROSITY AND INCORPORATION OF GRAPHENE INTO PIM-1 FOR GASSEPARATION. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2016. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:299896

3. Althumayri, Khalid Abdulmohsen M. Polymers of intrinsic microporosity and incorporation of graphene into PIM-1 for gas separation.

Degree: PhD, 2016, University of Manchester

URL: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/polymers-of-intrinsic-microporosity-and-incorporation-of-graphene-into-pim1-for-gasseparation(4e8909e1-4c5d-4ba2-b8a3-276295b3d5c4).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.697781

► Membrane-based gas separation processes are an area of interest owing to their high industrial demand for a wide range of applications, such as natural gas… (more)

▼ Membrane-based gas separation processes are an area of interest owing to their high industrial demand for a wide range of applications, such as natural gas purification from CO2 or H2, and N2 or O2 separation from air. This thesis is focused on developing and investigating polymeric-based membranes. Firstly, novel mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were prepared, incorporating few-layer graphene in the polymer of intrinsic microporosity PIM-1. Secondly, novel polyphenylene-based polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PP-PIMs) were synthesised. An optimum preparation method of graphene/PIM-1 MMMs (GPMMMs) was established from numbers of experiments. In this study, graphene exfoliation was a step towards GPMMM preparation. Starting from graphene exfoliation in chloroform, as a good solvent for PIM-1, enhancement in graphene dispersibility was obtained with addition of PIM-1. This result helped in GPMMM preparation with high graphene content (up to 4 wt.%). Characterizations techniques such as Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of GPMMMs, confirmed the few layer graphene content, with morphology changes in the polymeric matrix compared to pure PIM-1.Gas permeability results of GPMMMs showed an enhancement in permeability with low loading graphene (0.1 wt.%) using a relatively low permeability PIM-1 batch, due to high water content. However, less influence of graphene incorporation on permeability was observed with a highly permeable PIM-1 batch. Reduction in permeability over time, termed an ageing effect, is known for a polymer of high-free volume like PIM-1. However, the enhancement of GPMMMs permeability after eight months storage was shown to be retained. Novel PP-PIMs were prepared from novel precursors using a series known organic reactions. PP-PIMs were divided into two groups of polymers based on their polymerization reactions. A group of polymers were prepared from condensation polymerization between bis-catecol monomers and tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile (TFTPN). Another group of polymers were prepared from Diels Alder polymerization between monomers of terminal bisphenylacetylene groups and bis tetraphenylcyclopentadienones (TPCPDs). All of which yielded polymers with apparent BET surface area in the range 290-443 m2 g-1.

Subjects/Keywords: 546; Mixed matrix membranes; Polymers of intrinsic microporosity; Graphene; Gas permeation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Althumayri, K. A. M. (2016). Polymers of intrinsic microporosity and incorporation of graphene into PIM-1 for gas separation. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/polymers-of-intrinsic-microporosity-and-incorporation-of-graphene-into-pim1-for-gasseparation(4e8909e1-4c5d-4ba2-b8a3-276295b3d5c4).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.697781

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Althumayri, Khalid Abdulmohsen M. “Polymers of intrinsic microporosity and incorporation of graphene into PIM-1 for gas separation.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/polymers-of-intrinsic-microporosity-and-incorporation-of-graphene-into-pim1-for-gasseparation(4e8909e1-4c5d-4ba2-b8a3-276295b3d5c4).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.697781.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Althumayri, Khalid Abdulmohsen M. “Polymers of intrinsic microporosity and incorporation of graphene into PIM-1 for gas separation.” 2016. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Althumayri KAM. Polymers of intrinsic microporosity and incorporation of graphene into PIM-1 for gas separation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/polymers-of-intrinsic-microporosity-and-incorporation-of-graphene-into-pim1-for-gasseparation(4e8909e1-4c5d-4ba2-b8a3-276295b3d5c4).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.697781.

Council of Science Editors:

Althumayri KAM. Polymers of intrinsic microporosity and incorporation of graphene into PIM-1 for gas separation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2016. Available from: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/polymers-of-intrinsic-microporosity-and-incorporation-of-graphene-into-pim1-for-gasseparation(4e8909e1-4c5d-4ba2-b8a3-276295b3d5c4).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.697781

University of Alberta

4. Zarro, Omar. Separation of Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide from Syngas Using Clinoptilolite Natural Zeolite and Ordinary Portland Cement Composite Membranes.

Degree: MS, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, 2014, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/th83m006v

► Separating hydrogen and carbon dioxide from syngas is a necessary step for many industrial processes. Membrane separations are an attractive solution as they can operate… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Natural Zeolite; Gas Permeation Measurement; Membranes; Syngas; Cement; Membrane gas separation; Clinoptilolite; Mixed matrix membranes

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APA (6^th Edition):

Zarro, O. (2014). Separation of Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide from Syngas Using Clinoptilolite Natural Zeolite and Ordinary Portland Cement Composite Membranes. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/th83m006v

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zarro, Omar. “Separation of Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide from Syngas Using Clinoptilolite Natural Zeolite and Ordinary Portland Cement Composite Membranes.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/th83m006v.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zarro, Omar. “Separation of Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide from Syngas Using Clinoptilolite Natural Zeolite and Ordinary Portland Cement Composite Membranes.” 2014. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Zarro O. Separation of Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide from Syngas Using Clinoptilolite Natural Zeolite and Ordinary Portland Cement Composite Membranes. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/th83m006v.

Council of Science Editors:

Zarro O. Separation of Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide from Syngas Using Clinoptilolite Natural Zeolite and Ordinary Portland Cement Composite Membranes. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2014. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/th83m006v

Virginia Tech

5. Kim, Sangil. High Permeability/High Diffusivity Mixed Matrix Membranes For Gas Separations.

Degree: PhD, Chemical Engineering, 2007, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26649

► The vast majority of commercial gas separation membrane systems are polymeric because of processing feasibility and cost. However, polymeric membranes designed for gas separations have… (more)

▼ The vast majority of commercial gas separation membrane systems are polymeric because of processing feasibility and cost. However, polymeric membranes designed for gas separations have been known to have a trade-off between permeability and selectivity as shown in Robeson's upper bound curves. The search for membrane materials that transcend Robeson's upper bound has been the critical issue in research focused on membranes for gas separation in the past decade. To that end, many researchers have explored the idea of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). These membranes combine a polymer matrix with inorganic molecular sieves such as zeolites. The ideal filler material in MMMs should have excellent properties as a gas adsorbent or a molecular sieve, good dispersion properties in the polymer matrix of submicron thickness, and should form high quality interfaces with the polymer matrix. In order to increase gas permeance and selectivity of polymeric membranes by fabricating MMMs, we have fabricated mixed matrix membranes using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and nano-sized mesoporous silica. Mixed matrix membranes containing randomly oriented CNTs showed that addition of nanotubes to a polymer matrix could improve its selectivity properties as well as permeability by increasing diffusivity. Overall increases in permeance and diffusivity for all tested gases suggested that carbon nanotubes can provide high diffusivity tunnels in the CNT within the polymer matrix. This result agreed well with molecular simulation estimations. In order to prepare ordered CNTs membranes, we have developed a simple, fast, commercially attractive, and scalable orientation method. The oriented CNT membrane sample showed higher permeability by one order of magnitude than the value predicted by a Knudsen model. This CNT membrane showed higher selectivities for CO₂ over other gas molecules because of preferential interaction of CO₂ with the amine functionalized nanotubes, demonstrating practical applications in gas separations. Recently, mesoporous molecular sieves have been used in MMMs to enhance permeability or selectivity. However, due to their micrometer scale in particle size, the composite membrane was extremely brittle and tended to crack at higher silica loading. In this study, we have developed fabrication techniques to prepare MMMs containing mesoporous MCM-41 nanoparticles on the order of ~50 nm in size. This smaller nanoparticle lead to higher polymer/particle interfacial area and provides opportunity to synthesize higher loading of molecular sieves in polymer matrix up to ~80 vol%. At 80 vol% of nano-sized MCM-41 silica loading, the permeability of the membrane increased dramatically by 300 %. Despite these increases in permeability, the separation factor of the MMMs changed only slightly. Therefore, these nanoscale molecular sieves are more suitable for commercialization of MMMs with very thin selective layers than are micro-sized zeolites or molecular sieves. Advisors/Committee Members: Marand, Eva (committeechair), Guliants, Vadim V. (committee member), Davis, Richey M. (committee member), Oyama, Shigeo Ted (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Poly(imide siloxane); Gas Adsorption; Carbon Nanotube; Polysulfone; Mixed Matrix Membrane; Mesoporous Silica; Gas Permeation

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kim, S. (2007). High Permeability/High Diffusivity Mixed Matrix Membranes For Gas Separations. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26649

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kim, Sangil. “High Permeability/High Diffusivity Mixed Matrix Membranes For Gas Separations.” 2007. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26649.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kim, Sangil. “High Permeability/High Diffusivity Mixed Matrix Membranes For Gas Separations.” 2007. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kim S. High Permeability/High Diffusivity Mixed Matrix Membranes For Gas Separations. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2007. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26649.

Council of Science Editors:

Kim S. High Permeability/High Diffusivity Mixed Matrix Membranes For Gas Separations. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2007. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26649

6. Esekhile, Omoyemen Edoamen. Mixed matrix membranes for mixture gas separation of butane isomers.

Degree: PhD, Chemical Engineering, 2011, Georgia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42929

► The goal of this project was to understand and model the performance of hybrid inorganic-organic membranes under realistic operating conditions for hydrocarbon gas/vapor separation, using… (more)

▼ The goal of this project was to understand and model the performance of hybrid inorganic-organic membranes under realistic operating conditions for hydrocarbon gas/vapor separation, using butane isomers as the model vapors and a hybrid membrane of 6FDA-DAM-5A as an advanced separation system. To achieve the set goal, three objectives were laid out. The first objective was to determine the factors affecting separation performance in dense neat polymer. One main concern was plasticization. High temperature annealing has been reported as an effect means of suppressing plasticization. A study on the effect of annealing temperature was performed by analyzing data acquired via sorption and permeation measurements. Based on the findings from this study, a suitable annealing temperature was determined. Another factor studied was the effect of operating temperature. In deciding a suitable operating temperature, factors such as its possible effect on plasticization as well as reducing heating/cooling cost in industrial application were considered. Based on the knowledge that industrial applications of this membrane would involve mixture separation, the second objective was to understand and model the complexity of a mixed gas system. This was investigated via permeation measurements using three feed compositions. An interesting transport behavior was observed in the mixed gas system, which to the best of our knowledge, has not been observed in other mixed gas systems involving smaller penetrants. This mixed gas transport behavior presented a challenge in predictability using well-established transport models. Two hypotheses were made to explain the observed transport behavior, which led to the development of a new model termed the HHF model and the introduction of a fitting parameter termed the CAUFFV fit. Both the HHF model and CAUFFV fit showed better agreement with experimental data than the well-established mixed gas transport model. The final objective was to explore the use of mixed matrix membranes as a means of improving the separation performance of this system. A major challenge with the fabrication of good mixed matrix membranes was the adhesion of the zeolite particle with the polymer. This was addressed via sieve surface modification through a Grignard treatment process. Although a Grignard treatment procedure existed, there was a challenge of reproducibility of the treatment. This challenge was addressed by exploring the relationship between the sieves and the solvent used in the treatment, and taking advantage of this relationship in the Grignard treatment process. This study helped identify a suitable solvent, which allowed for successful and reproducible treatment of commercial LTA sieves; however, treatment of lab-made sieves continues to prove challenging. Based on improved understanding of the Grignard treatment reaction mechanism, modifications were made to the existing Grignard treatment procedure, resulting in the introduction of a "simplified" Grignard treatment procedure. The new procedure… Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. William Koros (Committee Chair), Dr. Amyn Teja (Committee Member), Dr. Carson Meredith (Committee Member), Dr. Karl Jacob (Committee Member), Dr. Victor Breedveld (Committee Member).

Subjects/Keywords: Mixed matrix membranes; Mixed gas permeation; Butane isomers; Gases Separation; Gas separation membranes; Membranes (Technology); Separation (Technology)

…127 6.2. MIXED GAS PERMEATION IN NEAT 6FDA-DAM ...................................... 128… …6.4. MIXED GAS PERMEATION IN MIXED MATRIX MEMBRANE ................ 157 6.5. REFERENCES… …understand and model the complexity of a mixed gas system. This was investigated via permeation… …6.3. MIXED GAS SORPTION IN NEAT 6FDA-DAM ............................................ 152… …191 D.2.1. Original mixed gas model fit…

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Esekhile, O. E. (2011). Mixed matrix membranes for mixture gas separation of butane isomers. (Doctoral Dissertation). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42929

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Esekhile, Omoyemen Edoamen. “Mixed matrix membranes for mixture gas separation of butane isomers.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia Tech. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42929.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Esekhile, Omoyemen Edoamen. “Mixed matrix membranes for mixture gas separation of butane isomers.” 2011. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Esekhile OE. Mixed matrix membranes for mixture gas separation of butane isomers. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42929.

Council of Science Editors:

Esekhile OE. Mixed matrix membranes for mixture gas separation of butane isomers. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42929

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