subject:(Medical Physiology)

Stellenbosch University

1. Hattingh, Susanna Maria (Suzel). Ischaemic preconditioning : an investigation of the patterns of kinase activation and protein expression profiles during reperfusion in the rat heart.

Degree: PhD, Biomedical Sciences, 2013, Stellenbosch University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85789

► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death worldwide with 3.8 million men and 3.4 million women dying globally each… (more)

▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death worldwide with 3.8 million men and 3.4 million women dying globally each year. Although existing myocardial reperfusion strategies such as thrombolysis and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), if applied in a timely manner, limit myocardial infarct size, the mortality and morbidity remains significantly high. Ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) may offer the potential to attenuate myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury through cardioprotective signaling pathways which is recruited at the time of myocardial reperfusion, thereby improving clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease. Ischaemic preconditioning is a phenomenon whereby short intermittent episodes of coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion protect the myocardium against a subsequent period of sustained ischaemia. This protection is reflected in the limitation of infarct size and improved functional recovery of the ischaemic heart during reperfusion. Despite intensive research efforts, the promise of an effective cardioprotective strategy using the endogenous protective mechanisms of the heart which underlies IPC, has not yet been materialized. Although progress has been made in terms of signaling mechanisms in the preconditioned heart, the identification of the myocardial reperfusion phase as the critical “window” for cardioprotection, requires the elucidation of the signal transduction pathways during the reperfusion phase after IPC. In view of the above, the aims of the present study were to investigate: i. the involvement of the RISK pathway and p38 MAP kinase pathway in IPC during early and late reperfusion ii. the involvement of heat shock protein-27 (HSP-27), heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70), GSK-3β, CAMKII, AMPK and the transcription factor CREB in the context of IPC during early reperfusion iii. the involvement of autophagy and apoptosis during early and late reperfusion after IPC iv. the correlation of the protein kinases with the hemodynamic parameters of the heart v. the mechanism of IPC by means of two-dimensional (2D) proteomics Methods: The isolated perfused working rat heart model was used with functional recovery as end-point. Hearts were preconditioned (IPC) for 3x5 min global ischaemia, alternated with 5 min reperfusion. Hearts were subjected to 25 min sustained global ischaemia, followed by 5, 10, 15 or 30 min reperfusion when hearts were snap-frozen for western blotting analysis. Alternatively, hearts were reperfused for 30 min to record hemodynamic parameters and measure functional recovery. Non-preconditioned (Non-IPC) hearts were stabilized for 30 min and subjected to 25 min sustained global ischaemia followed by 5, 10, 15 or 30 min reperfusion when hearts were snap-frozen. Alternatively Non-IPC hearts were reperfused for 30 min to serve as control for the 30 min reperfused IPC group. Activation of the protein kinases was determined by western blotting analysis. For the proteomic study… Advisors/Committee Members: Du Plessis, Stefan, Engelbrecht, Anna-Mart, Salie, Ruduwaan, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Medical Sciences. Dept. of Biomedical Sciences. Division of Medical Physiology..

Subjects/Keywords: Medical physiology; Dissertations – Medical physiology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hattingh, S. M. (. (2013). Ischaemic preconditioning : an investigation of the patterns of kinase activation and protein expression profiles during reperfusion in the rat heart. (Doctoral Dissertation). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85789

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hattingh, Susanna Maria (Suzel). “Ischaemic preconditioning : an investigation of the patterns of kinase activation and protein expression profiles during reperfusion in the rat heart.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85789.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hattingh, Susanna Maria (Suzel). “Ischaemic preconditioning : an investigation of the patterns of kinase activation and protein expression profiles during reperfusion in the rat heart.” 2013. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Hattingh SM(. Ischaemic preconditioning : an investigation of the patterns of kinase activation and protein expression profiles during reperfusion in the rat heart. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Stellenbosch University; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85789.

Council of Science Editors:

Hattingh SM(. Ischaemic preconditioning : an investigation of the patterns of kinase activation and protein expression profiles during reperfusion in the rat heart. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Stellenbosch University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85789

Stellenbosch University

2. Lubelwana Hafver, Tandekile. The role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) protein in the development of myocardial hypertrophy in a rat model of diet induced obesity and insulin resistance.

Degree: MScMedSc, Biomedical Sciences, 2012, Stellenbosch University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20130

► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: The worldwide escalation in the incidence of obesity and its strong association with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and the cardiovascular complications… (more)

▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: The worldwide escalation in the incidence of obesity and its strong association with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and the cardiovascular complications that accompany these disease states have elicited interest in the underlying mechanisms of these pathologies. Preliminary data generated in our laboratory showed that obesity is associated with abnormalities in the insulin signalling pathway. Specifically, we found a down-regulation of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt), which is known to mediate the metabolic effects of insulin. One of the downstream targets of PKB/Akt is glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), which is inhibited by this phosphorylation. Detrimental effects of unopposed activity of GSK-3 have recently been described. This may play a pivotal role in some of the adverse consequences of insulin resistance in the heart. Hypothesis: Chronic inhibition of GSK-3 will induce myocardial hypertrophy or exacerbate the development of existing hypertrophy in a pre-diabetic model of diet induced obesity and insulin resistance. Objectives: (1) Assess the extent of the development of myocardial hypertrophy in a rat model of diet induced obesity (DIO) and insulin resistance. (2) Assess the effect of inhibition of GSK-3 protein on the development of myocardial hypertrophy. Methods: Two groups of age-matched male Wistar rats were used. Control animals received standard rat chow, while obese animals received a high caloric diet for 20 weeks. After 12 weeks, half of the animals in both groups received GSK-3 inhibitor treatment (CHIR118637, 30mg/kg/day, Novartis). At the end of 20 weeks, three series of experiments were conducted. (i) The animals were subjected to echocardiography to determine in vivo myocardial function, and biometric, metabolic and biochemical parameters were evaluated. (ii) The ability of the cardiomyocytes to accumulate deoxy-glucose after stimulation with insulin was determined, and (iii) the localization of key proteins was monitored using fluorescence microscopy and cell size was determined using light microscopy and flow activated cell sorter analysis. Results and discussion: The high caloric diet increased body weight (p<0.005) and intraperitoneal fat mass (p<0.01) when compared to controls. Complications associated with obesity, such as impaired glucose tolerance (p<0.05), hyperinsulinemia (p<0.0005) and an increased HOMA-IR index (p<0.01) were observed. Additionally, cardiomyocytes from the DIO animals had a significantly impaired response to insulin, specifically when 10nM (p<0.05) and 100nM (p<0.05) of insulin were used as stimulus. We also found a dysregulation in PKB/Akt, indicated by a down-regulation of phosphorylated PKB/Akt (p<0.01). The diet promoted the development of myocardial hypertrophy, since the ventricular weight (p<0.05) and ventricular weight to tibia length ratio were increased (p<0.01). Echocardiography experiments showed an increase in end diastolic diameter in the DIO animals (p<0.05). Additionally, there was… Advisors/Committee Members: Huisamen, Barbara, Lochner, Amanda, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Health Sciences. Dept. of Biomedical Sciences. Medical Physiology..

Subjects/Keywords: Medical physiology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lubelwana Hafver, T. (2012). The role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) protein in the development of myocardial hypertrophy in a rat model of diet induced obesity and insulin resistance. (Masters Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20130

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lubelwana Hafver, Tandekile. “The role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) protein in the development of myocardial hypertrophy in a rat model of diet induced obesity and insulin resistance.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20130.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lubelwana Hafver, Tandekile. “The role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) protein in the development of myocardial hypertrophy in a rat model of diet induced obesity and insulin resistance.” 2012. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Lubelwana Hafver T. The role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) protein in the development of myocardial hypertrophy in a rat model of diet induced obesity and insulin resistance. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20130.

Council of Science Editors:

Lubelwana Hafver T. The role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) protein in the development of myocardial hypertrophy in a rat model of diet induced obesity and insulin resistance. [Masters Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20130

Stellenbosch University

3. Smith, Wayne. The impact of obesity and chronic PPAR Alpha agonist treatment on cardiac function, metabolism and ischaemic tolerance.

Degree: PhD, Biomedical Sciences, 2012, Stellenbosch University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20351

► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: Myocardial oxidative fuel supply is increased in obese conditions. How this metabolic environment and altered cardiometabolic phenotype associated with prediabetic obesity impacts… (more)

▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: Myocardial oxidative fuel supply is increased in obese conditions. How this metabolic environment and altered cardiometabolic phenotype associated with prediabetic obesity impacts on cardiac function and tolerance to ischaemia/reperfusion injury remains uncertain. While obese individuals are likely to be treated with PPARα agonists, controversy exists as to how activation of the PPARα receptor influences cardiovascular function and post-ischaemic recovery. Aims: To determine in a model of hyperphagia-induced obesity 1) whether protracted obesity is associated with left ventricular (LV) mechanical dysfunction; 2) the responsiveness of these hearts to insulin stimulation; 3) whether insulin can afford cardioprotection against ischaemia/reperfusion damage; and 4) how obesity and chronic PPARα agonist (K-111) treatment influences myocardial function, substrate metabolism, mitochondrial function and post-ischaemic outcomes. Methods: Male Wistar rats were fed standard rat chow or a high caloric diet. 1) In vivo LV mechanical function was assessed echocardiographically in 32 week fed animals. Ex vivo LV function was measured in the presence of glucose, insulin and/or fatty acid (FA); 2) Ex vivo myocardial insulin sensitivity was assessed by measuring insulin stimulated glycolytic flux in 16 week fed rats. Insulin was also administered prior to and during regional ischaemia to determine its effect on post-ischaemic function and infarct size; 3) K-111 was added to the drinking water during the last 10 weeks of feeding (feeding period of 18 weeks); a) Ventricular mitochondrial function was determined polarographically in the presence of either glutamate or palmitoyl-L-carnitine as substrates; b) Myocardial carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and in a separate series of perfusions, myocardial infarct size were determined in the presence of physiological or high insulin (30 or 50μIU/ml) and FA (0.7 or 1.5mM) concentrations. Results: 1) Obese animals maintained normal in vivo LV mechanical function. Glucose perfused hearts from obese animals had depressed aortic outputs compared to the control group (32.58±1.2 vs. 46.17±0.91 ml/min; p<0.001) which was abolished by the presence of FA; 2) Hearts from obese animals had reduced insulin stimulated glycolytic flux rates (1.54±0.42 vs. 2.16±0.57 μmol/g ww/min, p<0.01). Although insulin reduced infarct size in the obese group (20.94±1.60 vs. 41.67±2.09 %, p<0.001), its cardioprotective effect was attenuated in the presence of FA; 3) By simulating the in vivo metabolic environment of control and obese animals in ex vivo perfusions, elevated insulin and FA levels associated with obesity increased infarct sizes in the obese group compared to the control group (47.44±3.13 vs. 37.17±2.63 %, p<0.05); 4) While chronic K-111 treatment reversed systemic metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity, neither obesity nor the drug influenced myocardial and mitochondrial function or postischaemic outcomes. K-111 was able to reduce… Advisors/Committee Members: Du Toit, E. F., Lochner, A., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Health Sciences. Dept. of Biomedical Sciences. Medical Physiology..

Subjects/Keywords: Medical physiology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Smith, W. (2012). The impact of obesity and chronic PPAR Alpha agonist treatment on cardiac function, metabolism and ischaemic tolerance. (Doctoral Dissertation). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20351

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Smith, Wayne. “The impact of obesity and chronic PPAR Alpha agonist treatment on cardiac function, metabolism and ischaemic tolerance.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20351.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Smith, Wayne. “The impact of obesity and chronic PPAR Alpha agonist treatment on cardiac function, metabolism and ischaemic tolerance.” 2012. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Smith W. The impact of obesity and chronic PPAR Alpha agonist treatment on cardiac function, metabolism and ischaemic tolerance. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Stellenbosch University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20351.

Council of Science Editors:

Smith W. The impact of obesity and chronic PPAR Alpha agonist treatment on cardiac function, metabolism and ischaemic tolerance. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Stellenbosch University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20351

University of Nevada – Las Vegas

4. Cater, Peyton. Utilizing Breathing Techniques to Maximize Training Performance.

Degree: MS, Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, 2020, University of Nevada – Las Vegas

URL: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/3873

► Anaerobic exercise causes metabolic acidosis to occur in the muscle, which is unfavorable for sustaining high intensity activity, as fatigue starts to set in.… (more)

▼ Anaerobic exercise causes metabolic acidosis to occur in the muscle, which is unfavorable for sustaining high intensity activity, as fatigue starts to set in. In order to compensate for the onset of fatigue produced by an acidic environment, respiratory alkalosis, induced by hyperventilation, can be performed to mitigate these effects. In contrast, research has shown that slowing down the breath rate, such as a two second inhale and three second exhale, has led to an increase in performance outcomes. Purpose: To investigate power output and the physiological responses after implementation of different breathing techniques during the recovery periods of intermittent high intensity cycling. Methods: Ten recreationally active participants (four females and six males) performed 10 sets of 10 second standing sprints on a WattBike with 60 seconds of recovery between sets. In a counterbalanced, crossover design, participants implemented a breathing condition (hyperventilation, downregulation, and unregulated breathing) during the recovery periods of the exercise protocol. Hyperventilation was performed in the last 30 seconds of each recovery period at a breathing rate of 60 breaths per minute (bpm) to decrease the end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PETCO2). Downregulation was performed immediately following the sprint set and began with 8 quick breaths at a rate of 60 bpm followed by slowing down the breath rate to a two second inhale and four second exhale for the remainder of the recovery period. Mean and peak power outputs were examined for each sprint set to compare how the breathing conditions affected training performance over time. Results: No significant difference in mean and peak power outputs were found between conditions (mean power: p = .485, peak power: p =.148) and no significant condition x time interaction was found for mean (p = .553) and peak power outputs (p =.341). Conclusion: Neither hyperventilation nor downregulation attenuated the decrease in power output across sprint sets, indicating that implementing these breathing conditions may not be useful for improving training performance. However, it is possible that these breathing techniques need to be practiced and perfected over time to elicit performance enhancements. Advisors/Committee Members: James Navalta, Arpita Basu, Dharini Bhammar, Jenifer Utz.

Subjects/Keywords: Biochemistry; Kinesiology; Medical Physiology; Physiology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cater, P. (2020). Utilizing Breathing Techniques to Maximize Training Performance. (Masters Thesis). University of Nevada – Las Vegas. Retrieved from https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/3873

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cater, Peyton. “Utilizing Breathing Techniques to Maximize Training Performance.” 2020. Masters Thesis, University of Nevada – Las Vegas. Accessed April 12, 2021. https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/3873.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cater, Peyton. “Utilizing Breathing Techniques to Maximize Training Performance.” 2020. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Cater P. Utilizing Breathing Techniques to Maximize Training Performance. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Nevada – Las Vegas; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/3873.

Council of Science Editors:

Cater P. Utilizing Breathing Techniques to Maximize Training Performance. [Masters Thesis]. University of Nevada – Las Vegas; 2020. Available from: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/3873

University of Louisville

5. Carter, Jane V. The role of the MiR-200 family on the tumor suppressor RASSF2 and the effect on MAPK pathway activity in colorectal cancer.

Degree: PhD, 2016, University of Louisville

URL: 10.18297/etd/2577 ; https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd/2577

► This dissertation investigated the role of the miR-200 family in normal colon epithelial (CCD 841) and Dukes’ C (HT-29) colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines.… (more)

▼ This dissertation investigated the role of the miR-200 family in normal colon epithelial (CCD 841) and Dukes’ C (HT-29) colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. Our aim was to characterize expression of the miR-200 family (miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-141, and miR-429) in colorectal cell lines, study their effect on the tumor suppressor Ras Associated Domain-Containing Protein (RASSF) 2 and on subsequent activity within the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. We wanted to determine whether regulation of miR-200 family members could change cell behavior towards more “cancer-like” in a normal colon epithelium (CCD 841) cell line, or less “cancer-like” in a Dukes’ C (HT-29) CRC cell line. We found the following: 1. All miR-200 family members were highly expressed in colorectal cancer cell lines compared to a normal colon epithelial cell line. 2. RASSF2 mRNA and protein expression was downregulated in all CRC cell lines compared to the normal colon epithelial (CCD 841) cell line. 3. Overexpression of miR-200 family members in a normal colon epithelial (CCD 841) cell line decreased expression of both RASSF2 mRNA and protein. 4. Inhibition of miR-200 family members in a Dukes’ C (HT-29) CRC cell line increased expression of both RASSF2 mRNA and protein. 5. Total K-Ras expression and phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 increased following overexpression of miR-200 family members in a normal colon epithelial (CCD 841) cell line, indicating increased activity within the MAPK pathway resulting in increased cell proliferation. 6. MAPK pathway activity decreased, as measured by reduced ERK 1/2 phosphorylation and reduced cell proliferation in a Dukes’ C (HT-29) CRC cell line following inhibition of miR-200 family members. These findings demonstrate a novel association of the miR-200 family, the tumor suppressor RASSF2, and the MAPK signaling pathway in CRC. In contrast to the previous understanding that miR-200 family dysregulation is considered to exhibit tumor suppressive behavior by blocking epithelial to mesenchymal transition, we refute this in the case of CRC and propose the miR-200 family contribute to CRC tumorigenesis. This improved understanding of the miR-200 family may have the potential to be developed as a therapeutic intervention in CRC. Advisors/Committee Members: Galandiuk, Susan, Joshua, Irving, Bhatnagar, Aruni, Maldonado, Claudio, Rai, Shesh, Schuschke, Dale.

Subjects/Keywords: Medical Biophysics; Medical Physiology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Carter, J. V. (2016). The role of the MiR-200 family on the tumor suppressor RASSF2 and the effect on MAPK pathway activity in colorectal cancer. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Louisville. Retrieved from 10.18297/etd/2577 ; https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd/2577

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Carter, Jane V. “The role of the MiR-200 family on the tumor suppressor RASSF2 and the effect on MAPK pathway activity in colorectal cancer.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Louisville. Accessed April 12, 2021. 10.18297/etd/2577 ; https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd/2577.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Carter, Jane V. “The role of the MiR-200 family on the tumor suppressor RASSF2 and the effect on MAPK pathway activity in colorectal cancer.” 2016. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Carter JV. The role of the MiR-200 family on the tumor suppressor RASSF2 and the effect on MAPK pathway activity in colorectal cancer. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Louisville; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: 10.18297/etd/2577 ; https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd/2577.

Council of Science Editors:

Carter JV. The role of the MiR-200 family on the tumor suppressor RASSF2 and the effect on MAPK pathway activity in colorectal cancer. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Louisville; 2016. Available from: 10.18297/etd/2577 ; https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd/2577

Stellenbosch University

6. Chellan, Nireshni. The effect of Cyclopia maculata extract on β-cell function, protection against oxidative stress and cell survival.

Degree: PhD, Biomedical Sciences, 2014, Stellenbosch University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95861

► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Insights into the role of oxidative stress and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) reveals an opportunity for… (more)

▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Insights into the role of oxidative stress and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) reveals an opportunity for the development of novel therapeutics that directly protect and preserve β-cells. The protective role of dietary antioxidants, such as plant polyphenols, against oxidative stress induced diseases, including T2D, is increasingly under scrutiny. Polyphenol-rich extracts of Cyclopia spp, containing mangiferin, may provide novel therapeutics. An aqueous extract of unfermented Cyclopia maculata, containing more than 6 % mangiferin, was assessed for its protective effect in pancreatic β-cells in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo under conditions characteristic of T2D. The effect of mangiferin was also evaluated in vitro and ex vivo, with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) as an antioxidant control. In this study, we established in vitro toxicity models in RIN-5F insulinoma cells based on conditions β-cells are exposed to in T2D; i.e. lipotoxicity, inflammation and oxidative stress conditions. To achieve this, cells were exposed to the following stressors: palmitic acid (PA), a pro-inflammatory cytokine combination and streptozotocin (STZ), respectively. Thereafter, the ability of the C. maculata extract, mangiferin and NAC to protect RIN-5F cells from the effects of these stressors was assessed by measuring β-cell viability, function and oxidative stress. Cell viability was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, adenosine triphosphate and annexin-V and propidium iodide assays. Cell function was evaluated by measuring glucose stimulated insulin secretion, cell proliferation and cellular calcium. To assess oxidative stress in the RIN-5F cells, diaminofluorescein-FM and dihydroethidium fluorescence, and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity were measured. The in vitro findings were then verified in isolated pancreatic rat islets using methods and models established in the RIN-5F experiments. The protective effect of the extract, NAC and metformin was assessed in STZ induced diabetic Wistar rats, using two treatment regimes, i.e. by treating rats with established diabetes and by pretreating rats prior to induction of diabetes by STZ. Glucose metabolism, oxidative stress and pancreatic morphology were assessed by performing an oral glucose tolerance test, measuring serum insulin, triglycerides, nitrites, catalase and glutathione. Hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and nitrotyrosine were also assessed. Immunohistochemical labelling of pancreata with insulin, glucagon and MIB-5 was used for morphological assessment. The extract improved β-cell viability, function and attenuated oxidative stress, most apparently in STZ and PA induced toxicity models comparable with NAC both in vitro and in isolated islets. Mangiferin was not as effective, showing only marginal improvement in RIN-5F cell and islet function, and oxidative stress. Pretreatment of STZ induced diabetic Wistar rats with extract was as effective as, if not better than,… Advisors/Committee Members: Muller, Christo John Frederick, Strijdom, Hans, Joubert, Elizabeth, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Dept. of Biomedical Sciences. Medical Physiology..

Subjects/Keywords: Medical physiology; UCTD

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chellan, N. (2014). The effect of Cyclopia maculata extract on β-cell function, protection against oxidative stress and cell survival. (Doctoral Dissertation). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95861

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chellan, Nireshni. “The effect of Cyclopia maculata extract on β-cell function, protection against oxidative stress and cell survival.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95861.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chellan, Nireshni. “The effect of Cyclopia maculata extract on β-cell function, protection against oxidative stress and cell survival.” 2014. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Chellan N. The effect of Cyclopia maculata extract on β-cell function, protection against oxidative stress and cell survival. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Stellenbosch University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95861.

Council of Science Editors:

Chellan N. The effect of Cyclopia maculata extract on β-cell function, protection against oxidative stress and cell survival. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Stellenbosch University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95861

University of Nevada – Las Vegas

7. Aguilar, Charli D. Effect of Exercise and Hypoxia on Plasma Telomerase.

Degree: MS, Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, 2018, University of Nevada – Las Vegas

URL: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/3204

► Introduction: Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is the enzyme that adds telomeric sequences to the end of linear chromosomes. Exercise has shown to upregulate acutely… (more)

▼ Introduction: Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is the enzyme that adds telomeric sequences to the end of linear chromosomes. Exercise has shown to upregulate acutely leukocyte TERT after just 30 minutes of running on a treadmill at 80% of VO2max (Denham et al., 2016). Hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is also a mediator of TERT in in vitro (Nishi et al., 2004). Moderate acute exposure to hypoxia was associated with substantial increases in plasma TERT in a recent study on rats (Wang et al., 2014). The specific aim of the current study was to identify if acute hypoxia upregulates plasma TERT in healthy adult humans. We hypothesized that TERT would be increased after cycling exercise and that exercise in hypoxia would illicit a greater increase than exercise alone. Methods: Ten healthy adults (5 male, 5 females 23.8 ± 4.5 yrs.) volunteered for the study. Each participant visited the lab on three separate occasions separated by 72 hours but no more than 2 weeks. The conditions were defined as normoxia (FiO2 = 20.5%) and normobaric hypoxia (FiO2 = 14.4%) created by Altitude simulation machine. On the first visit, graded exercise tests (GXT) were performed in each condition to determine the resistance at 75% of age predicted maximum heart rate (HRmax) by cycling on a cycle ergometer at 60 revolutions per minute. Exercise trials took place on subsequent visits, conditions were counterbalanced and randomized. Exercise trials were defined as 30 minutes cycling at 60 RPM at an intensity set to 75% of age predicted HRmax. 600 µL blood samples were taken from finger stick immediately before and 30 minutes after completion of exercise trials. Blood samples were then centrifuged and plasma aliquoted and stored at -80°C until all samples were collected for later analysis. Statistical significance was accepted at p < 0.05. Results: ELISA analysis did not detect any levels of TERT in the plasma samples for any of the unknowns. Work load was decreased in hypoxia compared to normoxia (110.7 ± 34.5 W, 125.8 ± 49.6 W, p = 0.04) but mean exercise heart rate was not different between conditions (144.4 ± 4.5 BPM, 146.9 ± 5.5 BPM, p = 0.065). Discussion: Plasma TERT is not detectable by ELISA analysis in healthy adults. Intensity was matched between conditions and confirmed by mean heart rate. Further research is needed to determine if hypoxia has an effect on TERT in human tissue. Advisors/Committee Members: James Navalta, Brian Schilling, John Young, Graham McGinnis, Jennifer Pharr.

Subjects/Keywords: Medical Physiology; Medicine and Health Sciences; Physiology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Aguilar, C. D. (2018). Effect of Exercise and Hypoxia on Plasma Telomerase. (Masters Thesis). University of Nevada – Las Vegas. Retrieved from https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/3204

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Aguilar, Charli D. “Effect of Exercise and Hypoxia on Plasma Telomerase.” 2018. Masters Thesis, University of Nevada – Las Vegas. Accessed April 12, 2021. https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/3204.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Aguilar, Charli D. “Effect of Exercise and Hypoxia on Plasma Telomerase.” 2018. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Aguilar CD. Effect of Exercise and Hypoxia on Plasma Telomerase. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Nevada – Las Vegas; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/3204.

Council of Science Editors:

Aguilar CD. Effect of Exercise and Hypoxia on Plasma Telomerase. [Masters Thesis]. University of Nevada – Las Vegas; 2018. Available from: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/3204

University of Nevada – Las Vegas

8. McKenna, Austin Joseph. Rapid Evolution of Starvation Resistance in Drosophila: Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms.

Degree: PhD, Life Sciences, 2020, University of Nevada – Las Vegas

URL: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/3928

► The Gibbs lab has maintained starvation-selected Drosophila melanogaster for >130 generations. These starvation-selected flies evolved an obese phenotype with a suite of physiological differences… (more)

▼ The Gibbs lab has maintained starvation-selected Drosophila melanogaster for >130 generations. These starvation-selected flies evolved an obese phenotype with a suite of physiological differences compared to control-fed flies. Previous studies have shown that long-term starvation-selected Drosophila contain more lipids, have lower metabolic rates and develop more slowly than controls. This dissertation encompasses 1) Examining the molecular mechanisms contributing to starvation resistance, 2) Functional validation of the candidate plin1 allele, and 3) Rapid physiological and genomic evolution in starvation-selected Drosophila. Starvation-selected Drosophila survive starvation conditions much longer than control-fed flies. This study took a simple approach to identify possible differences in the nutrient-sensing pathways linked to candidate loci from Hardy et al. (2018). Specifically, I studied the key proteins in these pathways including: the lipoproteins PLIN1 and PLIN2, HSL, SIRT1 and dFOXO. My findings suggest differences in lipid storage during dietary restriction correlate with PLIN1 and HSL concentrations in the Drosophila fat body. The plin1 locus was identified as a candidate for starvation resistance in previous studies (Hardy et al., 2018). Fed-control populations not exposed to starvation conditions had high frequencies for one of the two plin1 alleles (plin1FC), while starvation-selected populations evolved the alternate allele (plin1SS) to high frequencies. Functional assays from Chapter 2 document differences in PLIN1 concentrations in the starvation-selected flies compared to fed-control flies during starvation conditions. Brief characterization of the plin1SS allele identifies a 5’ UTR donor splice variant with possible impacts on the regulation of this locus. After generating homozygous lines for both alleles, I observed increased starvation survival time, mass and lipid content in homozygous plin1SS flies compared to plin1FC flies. The candidate loci identified from previous studies provide important associations with the evolved phenotypes for starvation resistance, increased lipid content and decreased metabolism. However, it is difficult to directly link candidate loci with any of these phenotypes. This study used a novel time series E&R approach to directly associate the evolution of candidate loci with the evolution of starvation resistance, increased lipid content and decreased metabolism. I identify rapid physiological evolution for increased lipid content and starvation resistance in as early as one generation after selection. I observed that the underlying genomic evolution occurs via polygenic adaptation characterized by a core set of 169 candidate SNPs under constant selection. Advisors/Committee Members: Allen Gibbs, Daniel Thompson, Mira Han, Don Price, Amei Amei.

Subjects/Keywords: Biology; Medical Physiology; Molecular Biology; Physiology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

McKenna, A. J. (2020). Rapid Evolution of Starvation Resistance in Drosophila: Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Nevada – Las Vegas. Retrieved from https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/3928

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

McKenna, Austin Joseph. “Rapid Evolution of Starvation Resistance in Drosophila: Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Nevada – Las Vegas. Accessed April 12, 2021. https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/3928.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

McKenna, Austin Joseph. “Rapid Evolution of Starvation Resistance in Drosophila: Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms.” 2020. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

McKenna AJ. Rapid Evolution of Starvation Resistance in Drosophila: Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Nevada – Las Vegas; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/3928.

Council of Science Editors:

McKenna AJ. Rapid Evolution of Starvation Resistance in Drosophila: Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Nevada – Las Vegas; 2020. Available from: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/3928

Stellenbosch University

9. Hill, Cindy. The efficacy of Diavite tm (Prosopis glandulosa) as anti-diabetic treatment in rat models of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes and diet-induced-obese insulin resistance.

Degree: Biomedical Sciences, 2010, Stellenbosch University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4173

►

Thesis (MScMedSc (Biomedical Sciences. Medical Physiology)) – University of Stellenbosch, 2010.

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: Obesity and its associated complications, such as the metabolic syndrome, hypertension and… (more)

▼

Thesis (MScMedSc (Biomedical Sciences. Medical Physiology)) – University of Stellenbosch, 2010.

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: Obesity and its associated complications, such as the metabolic syndrome, hypertension and cardiovascular disease, are escalating worldwide. In recognition of this, untested remedies advertised as anti-diabetic agents are flooding the market. Many of these products have limited efficacy, limited tolerability and significant side-effects. One remedy, claiming to have anti-diabetic properties, is DiaviteTM. DiaviteTM, a herbal product, consisting solely of the dried and ground pods of the Prosopis glandulosa tree, which is currently marketed as a food supplement with blood glucose and blood pressure stabilizing properties, as well as having the ability to enhance glucose utilization. It is already freely available from agents as well as sold over the counter at pharmacies. The producers of DiaviteTM are now seeking registration for their product from the Medicines Control Council (MCC) and, therefore, require solid scientific evidence of its effects. Aims: The aims of our study were, on request of the producing company, to determine the efficacy of DiaviteTM (P. glandulosa) as an anti-diabetic agent and possible mechanisms of action of this plant product. Methology: We utilized rat models of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes and diet-induced obese (DIO) insulin resistance. Male Wistar rats were rendered (a) type 1 diabetic after a once-off intra-peritoneal injection of STZ at a dose of 40 mg/kg and (b) insulin resistant after being on a high caloric diet (DIO) for 16 weeks. Half the animals of the type 1 diabetes model as well as the insulin resistant model were placed on DiaviteTM treatment (25 mg/kg/day) for a period of 4 – 8 weeks, depending on the model. The STZ-induced type 1 diabetic rats were sacrificed and the pancreata harvested for histological analysis. Animals on the DIO diet were sacrificed and (i) intra-peritoneal fat weight determined (ii) isolated hearts subjected to ischaemia/reperfusion to determine infarct size and protein expression profiles and (iii) cardiomyocytes prepared to determine insulin sensitivity. At the time of sacrifice blood was collected for blood glucose and serum insulin level determination, for both models. In addition, a standard toxicology study was performed in Vervet monkeys over a 3 month period. Results: In our type 1 diabetic model (blood glucose > 10 mmol/L) with a β-cell reserve, DiaviteTM treatment lead to increased serum insulin levels (p < 0.001) in both control and STZ groups as well as increased small β-cell (0 - 2500 μm2) formation (p < 0.001) in the pancreas of the STZ animals. Hearts from DiaviteTM treated control and DIO insulin resistant animals presented with smaller infarct sizes (p < 0.05) after ischaemia/reperfusion compared to their controls. DiaviteTM treatment lead to the increase of basal (p < 0.01) and insulin-stimulated (p < 0.05) glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes prepared from DIO insulin resistant animals.…

Advisors/Committee Members: Huisamen, Barbara, University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Health Sciences. Dept. of Biomedical Sciences. Medical Physiology..

Subjects/Keywords: Medical physiology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Hill, C. (2010). The efficacy of Diavite tm (Prosopis glandulosa) as anti-diabetic treatment in rat models of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes and diet-induced-obese insulin resistance. (Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4173

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hill, Cindy. “The efficacy of Diavite tm (Prosopis glandulosa) as anti-diabetic treatment in rat models of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes and diet-induced-obese insulin resistance.” 2010. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4173.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hill, Cindy. “The efficacy of Diavite tm (Prosopis glandulosa) as anti-diabetic treatment in rat models of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes and diet-induced-obese insulin resistance.” 2010. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Hill C. The efficacy of Diavite tm (Prosopis glandulosa) as anti-diabetic treatment in rat models of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes and diet-induced-obese insulin resistance. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2010. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4173.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Hill C. The efficacy of Diavite tm (Prosopis glandulosa) as anti-diabetic treatment in rat models of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes and diet-induced-obese insulin resistance. [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4173

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Stellenbosch University

10. Hartley, Shahiem. The role of p38 MAPK activation in preconditioning mediated protection against ischaemia/reperfusion injury.

Degree: MSc, Biomedical Sciences, 2002, Stellenbosch University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53163

► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The ultimate consequence of the interruption of blood flow to the myocardium is necrosis. In view of the prevalence of coronary artery disease… (more)

▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The ultimate consequence of the interruption of blood flow to the myocardium is necrosis. In view of the prevalence of coronary artery disease in the general population, and the deleterious effects of myocardial ischaemia on myocardial tissue, it is important to develop new strategies to protect the myocardium against ischaemia. Necrosis of myocardial tissue has for a long time been considered to be the main component of the damage incurred by myocardial infarction. Recently the importance of the contribution of apoptotic cell death in the context of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury has become apparent. There is a general agreement that early reperfusion is necessary to salvage myocardial tissue from cell death. Preconditioning is the phenomenon whereby brief episodes of ischaemia and reperfusion protect the heart against a subsequent longer period of ischaemia. This endogenous mechanism is the strongest form of protection against myocardial infarction that has yet been described. Apart from ischaemie preconditioning (IPC), protection can also be elicited with pharmacologic agents, such as activation of the beta-adrenergic receptor with isoproterenol. Ischaemie preconditioning protects the myocardium against necrosis, arrhythmias and apoptosis, and increases functional recovery upon reperfusion. Betaadrenergic receptor stimulated preconditioning (PPC) has been shown to improve post-ischaemie functional recovery, but it is not known whether it also protects against myocardial infarction and apoptosis. The signaling pathways involved in preconditioning have been extensively studied. A distinction is usually made between factors that act as triggers, or as mediators of protection. Triggers activate cellular responses before the onset of sustained ischaemia, and its involvement is demonstrated by showing that inhibitors of the trigger bracketing the preconditioning protocol can block its protective effect, or that transient administration with washout before sustained ischaemia can activate a protective effect. A mediator operates during sustained ischaemia, and its involvement is demonstrated by showing that infusion of an inhibitor of its action immediately prior to sustained ischaemia (without washout) can block its protective effect. Another approach to demonstrate a mediator role is to attempt to activate signal transduction pathways during sustained ischaemia. As it is not possible to infuse substances during ischaemia, activators are infused immediately prior to ischaemia without washout of the agent and subsequently its effect on protection is observed. It is clear that the evolutionary conserved stress activated pathways are involved in preconditioning. There are three pathways i.e., the extracellular receptor activated pathways (ERK), c-jun terminal activated kinases (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). The precise role of the p38 MAPK pathway has not been elucidated. Experimental evidence has suggested a role for the activation… Advisors/Committee Members: Moolman, Johannes, Lochner, Amanda, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences. Dept. of Biomedical Sciences. Medical Physiology..

Subjects/Keywords: Medical physiology

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❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Hartley, S. (2002). The role of p38 MAPK activation in preconditioning mediated protection against ischaemia/reperfusion injury. (Masters Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53163

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hartley, Shahiem. “The role of p38 MAPK activation in preconditioning mediated protection against ischaemia/reperfusion injury.” 2002. Masters Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53163.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hartley, Shahiem. “The role of p38 MAPK activation in preconditioning mediated protection against ischaemia/reperfusion injury.” 2002. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Hartley S. The role of p38 MAPK activation in preconditioning mediated protection against ischaemia/reperfusion injury. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2002. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53163.

Council of Science Editors:

Hartley S. The role of p38 MAPK activation in preconditioning mediated protection against ischaemia/reperfusion injury. [Masters Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2002. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53163

Stellenbosch University

11. Fairbairn, Lorren R. A proteomic analysis of the ventral and dorsal hippocampal brain areas of serotonin knockout rats.

Degree: MScMedSc (Biomedical Sciences. Medical Physiology, Biomedical Sciences, 2008, Stellenbosch University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1771

► For many centuries, scientists have engaged in a theoretical debate concerning the etiology of mood disorders, with very few ancient scholars speculating about the importance… (more)

▼ For many centuries, scientists have engaged in a theoretical debate concerning the etiology of mood disorders, with very few ancient scholars speculating about the importance of genetic factors and affective temperaments as factors in the etiology of depression. Mood, emotion and cognition have been shown to be modulated by the serotonergic midbrain raphe system; implicated in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders like those of the affective spectrum. Evidence from neuroscience, genetics, and clinical investigation demonstrate that depression is a disorder of the brain. Brain imaging research is revealing that in depression, neural circuits responsible for moods, thinking, sleep, appetite, and behavior fail to function properly, and that the regulation of critical neurotransmitters is impaired. Genetics research, including studies of twins, indicates that genes play a role in depression. Vulnerability to depression appears to result from the influence of multiple genes acting together with environmental factors. Other research has shown that stressful life events, particularly in the form of loss such as the death of a close family member, may trigger major depression in susceptible individuals. Depression and anxiety have often been successfully treated by means of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. However, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors do not solve all the problems inherent to the treatment of depression, for approximately 30 % of depressed patients do not respond to treatment and 20 % experience relapses whilst on treatment. Of consideration is the fact that the majority of drugs today are based on proteins, with 50 % of therapeutics on the market targeting cell membrane proteins. Up to this day the precise pathophysiology of mood disorders remains obscure, as does the neurobiology of normal mood regulation. Accordingly, there is a need for methods to identify the structural and/or signaling components which lead to changes in the brain, particularly the hippocampus, of subjects having mood disorders such as bipolar depressive disorder, chronic major depressive disorder and the like. Similarly, there is a need for the early detection, screening and diagnosis of individuals at risk for a mood disorder. As the serotonin tranpsorter is the primary target for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of numerous psychiatric disorders and considering the fact that at the structural level this protein’s function as transporter in membranes remains incompletely understood, investigating its function in psychiatric disorders are of importance . The objective of this study was to determine the role of the serotonin transporter in wild type and serotonin knockout rats, with regards to the hippocampus. Rat hippocampi were fractionated into cytosolic and membrane components, which were run and further separated in two dimensions. Firstly separation occurred by isoelectrical focusing (pI), follwed by gel iii electrophoresis (molecular weight). Gels were compared to see… Advisors/Committee Members: Daniels, William M. U., Stein, Dan J., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Health Sciences. Dept. of Biomedical Sciences. Medical Physiology..

Subjects/Keywords: Medical physiology

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Fairbairn, L. R. (2008). A proteomic analysis of the ventral and dorsal hippocampal brain areas of serotonin knockout rats. (Masters Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1771

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fairbairn, Lorren R. “A proteomic analysis of the ventral and dorsal hippocampal brain areas of serotonin knockout rats.” 2008. Masters Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1771.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fairbairn, Lorren R. “A proteomic analysis of the ventral and dorsal hippocampal brain areas of serotonin knockout rats.” 2008. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Fairbairn LR. A proteomic analysis of the ventral and dorsal hippocampal brain areas of serotonin knockout rats. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2008. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1771.

Council of Science Editors:

Fairbairn LR. A proteomic analysis of the ventral and dorsal hippocampal brain areas of serotonin knockout rats. [Masters Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1771

Stellenbosch University

12. Smith, Wayne. A pathologic role for angiotensin II and endothelin-1 in cardiac remodelling and ischaemia and reperfusion injury in a rat model of the metabolic syndrome.

Degree: Biomedical Sciences, 2006, Stellenbosch University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2446

►

Thesis (MScMedSc (Biomedical Sciences. Medical Physiology)) – University of Stellenbosch, 2006.

Introduction: Obesity, which is implicated in the development of the metabolic syndrome (MS) is reaching… (more)

▼

Thesis (MScMedSc (Biomedical Sciences. Medical Physiology)) – University of Stellenbosch, 2006.

Introduction: Obesity, which is implicated in the development of the metabolic syndrome (MS) is reaching epidemic proportions worldwide. MS significantly increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, which includes coronary artery disease. The current absence of animal models of diet induced obesity and the MS makes the investigation of the cardiovascular consequences of MS virtually impossible. As a result the effects of the MS on cardiac function, morphology and susceptibility to ischaemia are not well understood. Aims: We set out to: 1) develop and characterize a rodent model of dietinduced obesity and the MS, 2) investigate the susceptibility of hearts from these animals to ischaemia/reperfusion induced injury and, 3) determine whether angiotensin II (Ang II) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) plays a role in cardiac remodelling and/or the severity of ischaemia and reperfusion injury in this model. Methods: Male Wistar rats were fed a standard rat chow diet or cafeteria diet (CD) for 16 weeks. After the feeding period rats were sacrificed and blood and myocardial tissue samples were collected to document biochemical changes in these animals. Hearts were perfused on the isolated working rat heart perfusion apparatus to assess myocardial mechanical function before and after ischaemia. In a separate series of experiments, hearts underwent coronary artery ligation to determine the incidence and duration of ventricular arrhythmias during ischaemia and reperfusion, using electrocardiography. To assess a possible link between myocardial remodelling and ischaemia/reperfusion injury and myocardial Ang II and ET-1 content, we also measured these peptides under basal conditions and during ischaemia. Two-dimensional targeted Mmode echocardiography was used to assess in vivo myocardial mechanical function in control and obese rats. Results: After 16 weeks on the CD, obese rats satisfied the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for the MS by having visceral obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and an elevated systolic blood pressure, compared to control rats. Circulating Ang II levels, but not ET-1 levels, were elevated in CD fed rats. Obese rats had cardiac hypertrophy and ex vivo basal myocardial mechanical function was depressed in the CD fed rat hearts compared to control rat hearts. CD fed rat hearts had poorer aortic output (AO) recoveries compared to hearts from control rats. These hearts also had a higher incidence and duration of reperfusion arrhythmias. No such functional differences were seen in the in vivo experiments. No differences in basal or ischaemic myocardial Ang II and ET-1 levels were seen in either group. Conclusion: We have developed and characterized a model of diet-induced obesity and the MS. Obesity is associated with cardiac hypertrophy and an increased myocardial susceptibility to ischaemia and reperfusion injury in our model. The hearts from obese rats…

Advisors/Committee Members: Du Toit, E. F., Moolman, J. A., University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Health Sciences. Dept. of Biomedical Sciences. Medical Physiology..

Subjects/Keywords: Medical physiology

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Smith, W. (2006). A pathologic role for angiotensin II and endothelin-1 in cardiac remodelling and ischaemia and reperfusion injury in a rat model of the metabolic syndrome. (Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2446

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Smith, Wayne. “A pathologic role for angiotensin II and endothelin-1 in cardiac remodelling and ischaemia and reperfusion injury in a rat model of the metabolic syndrome.” 2006. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2446.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Smith, Wayne. “A pathologic role for angiotensin II and endothelin-1 in cardiac remodelling and ischaemia and reperfusion injury in a rat model of the metabolic syndrome.” 2006. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Smith W. A pathologic role for angiotensin II and endothelin-1 in cardiac remodelling and ischaemia and reperfusion injury in a rat model of the metabolic syndrome. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2006. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2446.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Smith W. A pathologic role for angiotensin II and endothelin-1 in cardiac remodelling and ischaemia and reperfusion injury in a rat model of the metabolic syndrome. [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2006. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2446

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Stellenbosch University

13. Faure, Jacqueline Jeanette. A proteomic and neurochemical analysis of the effects of early life stress on drug addiction and post abuse therapeutic interventions : an animal study.

Degree: Biomedical Sciences, 2010, Stellenbosch University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3189

►

Thesis (PhD (Biomedical Sciences. Medical Physiology)) – University of Stellenbosch, 2010.

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Psychosocial stressors have frequently been associated with an increased risk for developing The… (more)

▼

Thesis (PhD (Biomedical Sciences. Medical Physiology)) – University of Stellenbosch, 2010.

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Psychosocial stressors have frequently been associated with an increased risk for developing The contributions of the cholinergic (Lobeline) and opioid (Naltrexone) systems in place preference behaviour were determined by employing a post-methamphetamine pharmacological treatment strategy. These two treatments failed to reverse the methamphetamine-induced place preference. However, administration of the drugs did lead to alterations in striatal dopamine and serotonin levels which may infer beneficial effects against the biochemical alterations induced by methamphetamine. We used both 2-D gel-based proteomics and isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) to identify proteins in the frontal cortex, and nucleus accumbens shell and core of rats that were subjected to maternal separation, methamphetamine or both regimes. The proteins were associated with cytoskeletal modifications, altered energy metabolism, degenerative processes, interruptions in normal neurotransmission and enhanced intracellular signalling. We found that more proteins were quantitatively expressed in rats that were exposed to maternal separation followed by methamphetamine treatment than those animals subjected to the individual interventions independently. Additional proteins recruited by the combination of MS followed by MA which remained unchanged with independent treatments included malate dehydrogenase, V-type proton ATPase subunit E1, beta-synuclein, brevican core protein, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4H, histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 and stress-induced phosphoprotein in the nucleus accumbens shell subregion. Additional proteins recruited in the core subregion with the combination treatment included thymosin beta-4, calretinin, Arpp-21 protein, alpha-synuclein, ubiquitin carboxylterminal hydrolase isozyme L1, cytochrome c, brain acid soluble protein 1, prosaposin and stress-induced phosphoprotein 1. Although, on a behavioural level via the use of CPP we found that MS did not exacerbate the rewarding effects of MA, the proteomic data does infer a role played by early life stress by the recruitment of additional proteins. We therefore propose that the molecular mechanisms by which early adverse events predispose animals to the addictive state may involve a complex assembly of cellular processes within the brain. depression, anxiety or substance abuse in adult life. Animal studies have also suggested that stressful experiences may result in altered behavioural responses to drugs of abuse as evidenced by enhanced cocaine self-administration and psychostimulant-induced hyperlocomotor activity. The main aim of our study was to establish whether adversity early in life would render individuals more vulnerable to later drug usage. We adopted maternal separation as our animal model of early life adversity and treated these animals with methamphetamine during the…

Advisors/Committee Members: Daniels, W. M. U., Stein, D. J., University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Health Sciences. Dept. of Biomedical Sciences. Medical Physiology..

Subjects/Keywords: Medical physiology

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Faure, J. J. (2010). A proteomic and neurochemical analysis of the effects of early life stress on drug addiction and post abuse therapeutic interventions : an animal study. (Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3189

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Faure, Jacqueline Jeanette. “A proteomic and neurochemical analysis of the effects of early life stress on drug addiction and post abuse therapeutic interventions : an animal study.” 2010. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3189.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Faure, Jacqueline Jeanette. “A proteomic and neurochemical analysis of the effects of early life stress on drug addiction and post abuse therapeutic interventions : an animal study.” 2010. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Faure JJ. A proteomic and neurochemical analysis of the effects of early life stress on drug addiction and post abuse therapeutic interventions : an animal study. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2010. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3189.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Faure JJ. A proteomic and neurochemical analysis of the effects of early life stress on drug addiction and post abuse therapeutic interventions : an animal study. [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3189

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Western Michigan University

14. Perra, Robert Gray. Physiological Differentiation and Cognitive Discrimination of an Olfactory Stimulus Produced under Stress.

Degree: EdD, Counselor Education and Counseling Psychology, 1986, Western Michigan University

URL: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/2267

► Humans may have ability to transmit, receive, and react to biological information from other humans through olfactory chemosensory communication. Two studies examined human (1)… (more)

▼ Humans may have ability to transmit, receive, and react to biological information from other humans through olfactory chemosensory communication. Two studies examined human (1) ability to differentiate physiologically, via olfaction, fresh stress produced sweat and (2) cognitive discrimination, through smell, of "aged" stress produced sweat. Four stress conditions were employed; (1) exercise, (2) relaxation, (3) sexual arousal, and (4) repulsion. Experiment I. A male dyad participated – donor and recipient. Donor was prepared to collect his axillary secretion on gauze; following preparation donor was stressed. After stressing, the gauze which was presumed to contain a fresh non-odoriferous sweat, was removed, sandwiched between two surgical masks, and refrigerated. Within forty-five minutes the sample was placed over recipient's nose and mouth and his physiological responses were recorded on a polygraph. Recipient's polygraph record during sweat introduction was compared with: (a) Donor's record during the stress condition and (b) Recipient's baseline record. Results. Recipient's physiological responses altered when Donor's stress produced sweat was presented (e.g., relaxation sample produced muscle tension reduction, heart rate reduction, GSR increase, breathing becoming shallow and regular, and a skin temperature increase; erotic sample produced muscle tension increase, heart rate irregularity and increase, GRS decrease, respiration becoming deeper and slower, and a skin temperature decreasing; etc.) In all cases Recipient's physiological responses yielded a similar pattern as Donor's response pattern from the same stress condition. Conclusions. Findings suggest that humans have an ability to differentiate physiologically stress states via olfactory chemosensory communication in a form of "biological empathy." Experiment II. A single subject provided the stress related axillary secretions. Each sample was collected on gauze. Following donor stressing, the sample was removed, placed in a container, and refrigerated for circa twelve hours; following "ageing," a group smelled the sample and filled out a forced choice questionnaire asking: (a) whether the container contained a sweat sample, (b) the gender of the donor, and (c) the stress condition for sweat sample production. Results. (a) 81.5% correctly identified sample as sweat; (b) 63.3% accurately identified gender; and (c) Ability to discriminate stress states was not determined. Conclusions. Results are consistent with current literature. Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. William Carlson, Dr. Frederick Gault, Dr. Thelma Urbick.

Subjects/Keywords: Medical Physiology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Perra, R. G. (1986). Physiological Differentiation and Cognitive Discrimination of an Olfactory Stimulus Produced under Stress. (Doctoral Dissertation). Western Michigan University. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/2267

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Perra, Robert Gray. “Physiological Differentiation and Cognitive Discrimination of an Olfactory Stimulus Produced under Stress.” 1986. Doctoral Dissertation, Western Michigan University. Accessed April 12, 2021. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/2267.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Perra, Robert Gray. “Physiological Differentiation and Cognitive Discrimination of an Olfactory Stimulus Produced under Stress.” 1986. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Perra RG. Physiological Differentiation and Cognitive Discrimination of an Olfactory Stimulus Produced under Stress. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Western Michigan University; 1986. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/2267.

Council of Science Editors:

Perra RG. Physiological Differentiation and Cognitive Discrimination of an Olfactory Stimulus Produced under Stress. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Western Michigan University; 1986. Available from: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/2267

University of Cape Town

15. Palmer, Gary Stanley. Physiological and metabolic responses to constant and variable load cycling performance.

Degree: Image, MRC/UCT RU for Exercise and Sport Medicine, 1999, University of Cape Town

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26920

► The experiments described in this thesis comprise a series of related, yet independent investigations examining the physiological and metabolic responses of well-trained amateur cyclists under… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Medical Physiology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Palmer, G. S. (1999). Physiological and metabolic responses to constant and variable load cycling performance. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26920

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Palmer, Gary Stanley. “Physiological and metabolic responses to constant and variable load cycling performance.” 1999. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26920.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Palmer, Gary Stanley. “Physiological and metabolic responses to constant and variable load cycling performance.” 1999. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Palmer GS. Physiological and metabolic responses to constant and variable load cycling performance. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 1999. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26920.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Palmer GS. Physiological and metabolic responses to constant and variable load cycling performance. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 1999. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26920

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Florida State University

16. Alvarez-Alvarado, Stacey. The Effects of Six Weeks of Unloaded and Loaded Whole-Body Vibration Training on Arterial Function and Muscle Strength in Obese Pre-Menopausal Women.

Degree: MS, Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Science, 2014, Florida State University

URL: http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_migr_etd-9130 ;

► Background: Obesity is an ongoing socio-economic worldwide epidemic and major modifiable risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which continues to be the main determinant of all-cause… (more)

▼ Background: Obesity is an ongoing socio-economic worldwide epidemic and major modifiable risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which continues to be the main determinant of all-cause mortality. A potential mechanism by which obesity associates with CVD is an increased stiffness of the arteries leading to a decreased vascular function and development of hypertension. Moreover, muscle strength and mass are inversely related to arterial stiffness and obesity. Although exercise training is a proficient intervention for treating CVD risk factors and increasing muscle strength/mass, the most effective intervention for decreasing arterial stiffness is still unclear. Whole-body vibration training (WBVT) is a relatively novel exercise mode which requires static or dynamic movements on a vibrating platform and has similar adaptations in the skeletal muscle as resistance training (RT). However, the effects of whole-body high intensity RT seem to be adverse, although controversial to arterial function in young healthy adults and middle-aged with prehypertension or hypertension. WBVT is usually performed with leg exercises using the body weight (unloaded) as resistance to the exercise. However, the addition of an external load or resistance to WBVT (WBVT+EX) has shown beneficial adaptations in improving arterial function, bone mineral density, hormonal responses, and muscle strength/mass. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether WBVT+EX would induce greater benefits than unloaded WBVT on arterial function and muscle strength in young-overweight and obese (body mass index, BMI= 30.9 ± 0.7 kg/m²) women. Methods: Twenty-two young (20 ± 1 yr) overweight/obese women were randomly assigned to a non-exercising overweight/obese control (O-CON), WBVT, or WBVT+EX for 6 weeks. Thirteen lean women were assigned to a lean control (L-CON) group in order to compare them at baseline to the age-matched overweight/obese women. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), brachial blood pressure (BP), aortic BP, wave reflection, muscle strength, and body composition were measured before and after 6 weeks. Results: Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Data were presented as mean ± SE. There were no significant time effects or group-by-time interactions for brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV), carotid-femoral PWV (cfPWV), brachial systolic BP (bSBP), brachial diastolic BP (bDBP), aortic diastolic BP (aDBP), augmentation index (AIx), augmentation pressure (AP), and transit time for the reflected wave (Tr). cfPWV and aSBP decreased (P < 0.05) in the WBVT group while baPWV and aDBP decreased in the WBVT+EX. There was a significant group-by time interaction (P < 0.01) for faPWV, aSBP, aortic mean arterial pressure (aMAP), and AIx adjusted at 75 bpm ([email protected]). In addition, group-by-time interaction was detected for P1 and P2 such that the reductions observed in the WBVT and WBVT+EX groups were significantly different (P <… Advisors/Committee Members: Arturo Figueroa (professor directing thesis), Diana L. Williams (committee member), Michael J. Ormsbee (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Physiology; Kinesiology; Medical sciences

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APA (6^th Edition):

Alvarez-Alvarado, S. (2014). The Effects of Six Weeks of Unloaded and Loaded Whole-Body Vibration Training on Arterial Function and Muscle Strength in Obese Pre-Menopausal Women. (Masters Thesis). Florida State University. Retrieved from http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_migr_etd-9130 ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Alvarez-Alvarado, Stacey. “The Effects of Six Weeks of Unloaded and Loaded Whole-Body Vibration Training on Arterial Function and Muscle Strength in Obese Pre-Menopausal Women.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Florida State University. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_migr_etd-9130 ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Alvarez-Alvarado, Stacey. “The Effects of Six Weeks of Unloaded and Loaded Whole-Body Vibration Training on Arterial Function and Muscle Strength in Obese Pre-Menopausal Women.” 2014. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Alvarez-Alvarado S. The Effects of Six Weeks of Unloaded and Loaded Whole-Body Vibration Training on Arterial Function and Muscle Strength in Obese Pre-Menopausal Women. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Florida State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_migr_etd-9130 ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Alvarez-Alvarado S. The Effects of Six Weeks of Unloaded and Loaded Whole-Body Vibration Training on Arterial Function and Muscle Strength in Obese Pre-Menopausal Women. [Masters Thesis]. Florida State University; 2014. Available from: http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_migr_etd-9130 ;

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

17. Mahmood, Zaid. Multi-Scale Fluid Flow Analysis of the Cardiovascular System.

Degree: MSin Mechanical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, 2018, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

URL: https://commons.erau.edu/edt/394

► The hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is one of the rarest congenital heart diseases affecting infants. Out of 150 babies born, one baby suffers… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Biomechanical Engineering; Medical Physiology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mahmood, Z. (2018). Multi-Scale Fluid Flow Analysis of the Cardiovascular System. (Masters Thesis). Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. Retrieved from https://commons.erau.edu/edt/394

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mahmood, Zaid. “Multi-Scale Fluid Flow Analysis of the Cardiovascular System.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. Accessed April 12, 2021. https://commons.erau.edu/edt/394.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mahmood, Zaid. “Multi-Scale Fluid Flow Analysis of the Cardiovascular System.” 2018. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Mahmood Z. Multi-Scale Fluid Flow Analysis of the Cardiovascular System. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: https://commons.erau.edu/edt/394.

Council of Science Editors:

Mahmood Z. Multi-Scale Fluid Flow Analysis of the Cardiovascular System. [Masters Thesis]. Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; 2018. Available from: https://commons.erau.edu/edt/394

Stellenbosch University

18. Schoeman, Jeanne. Violence against women : impact on reproductive health and pregnancy outcome.

Degree: MSc, Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, 2003, Stellenbosch University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53713

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ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction Worldwide, up to 25% of women are assaulted during pregnancy, with estimates varying between populations. Violence has been associated with adverse pregnancy… (more)

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ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction Worldwide, up to 25% of women are assaulted during pregnancy, with estimates varying between populations. Violence has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcome, including preterm birth, abruptio placentae and low birth weight. Among the Coloured population of the Western Cape the incidence of spontaneous preterm birth is 20%, compared to the global figure of 10%. Overall, the rate of preterm labour has not dropped over the past 40 years and no clearer answer as to a specific cause has been found. The objective of this study was to determine whether patients who deliver preterm experience more domestic violence than those who deliver at term. Methods Two groups of patients were assessed. Firstly, patients who spontaneously delivered between 24 and 33 weeks (24wOd - 33w6d), who were admitted for suppression of active labour after 24 weeks, or who experienced placental abruption before 34 weeks, were screened for domestic violence using the "Abuse Assessment Screen". A second group of women, attending a local Midwife Obstetric Unit with uncomplicated pregnancies, completed the same questionnaire. The questionnaires were all administered by the same person (J.S.) after written informed consent was given. Results A total of 229 patients were interviewed, 99 in the low risk (LR) and 130 in the preterm labour (PTL) group, which included 23 women with abruptio placentae. The PTL group experienced significantly more violence throughout their lives than the LR group (59.7% vs. 40.4%, p = 0.038). Experiences of violence within the last year or during the pregnancy did not reach statistical significance between the two groups, although the numbers were higher for the PTL group. The PTL group smoked significantly more cigarettes per day (p = 0.009), used more alcohol (p < 0.001) and had a higher incidence of syphilis than the LR group (p = 0.005). These differences remained the same when the abruptio's were analyzed as a separate group. Conclusions: Women who delivered preterm did experience more violence at some point in their lives and were also more likely to engage in high-risk behaviour. Violence alone does not seem to cause PTL directly, but is part of a low socioeconomic lifestyle. The fact that the alcohol use is so high among these women is a problem that needs to be addressed, but once again, it is possibly the result of deeper social problems. The need for education on values and respect, family planning use and low risk sexual behaviour is once again challenged.

AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: GEWELD TEEN VROUE -IMPAK OP REPRODUKTIEWE GESONDHEID EN UITKOMS VAN SWANGERSKAP Inleiding Daar word beraam dat tot 25% van alle swanger vroue aangerand word, maar die insidensie wissel tussen verskillende populasies. Ervarings van geweld kan 'n direkte of indirekte oorsaak wees van swak verloskundige uitkoms wat voortydse kraam, abruptio placentae en lae geboortegewig insluit. In die Wes- Kaap, onder die Kleurlingbevolking, is die insidensie van…

Advisors/Committee Members: Du Plessis, S. S., Odendaal, H. J., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences. Dept. of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences..

Subjects/Keywords: Medical physiology; Dissertations – Medical physiology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Schoeman, J. (2003). Violence against women : impact on reproductive health and pregnancy outcome. (Masters Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53713

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Schoeman, Jeanne. “Violence against women : impact on reproductive health and pregnancy outcome.” 2003. Masters Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53713.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Schoeman, Jeanne. “Violence against women : impact on reproductive health and pregnancy outcome.” 2003. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Schoeman J. Violence against women : impact on reproductive health and pregnancy outcome. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2003. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53713.

Council of Science Editors:

Schoeman J. Violence against women : impact on reproductive health and pregnancy outcome. [Masters Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2003. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53713

McMaster University

19. Collins, AF Celeste. The Functional Domains of PHLDA1: Modulation of Intracellular Localization Impacts Apoptotic Cell Death.

Degree: MSc, 2013, McMaster University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/15325

►

Pleckstrin homology like domain family A, member 1 (PHLDA1) is a member of the PHLDA family of homologous proteins recognized for their role in… (more)

▼

Pleckstrin homology like domain family A, member 1 (PHLDA1) is a member of the PHLDA family of homologous proteins recognized for their role in apoptotic cell death. PHLDA1 was first reported as a proapoptotic factor involved in Fas-mediated T-cell apoptosis. The role of this protein with regards to apoptosis remains poorly understood, with literature demonstrating both proapoptotic and antiapoptotic functions in a cell and/or pathway specific manner. Intracellular localization may account for the apoptotic potential of this protein, with nuclear accumulation of PHLDA1 increasing its apoptotic potential. We hypothesize that the functional regions of PHLDA1 including its localization signals (pNLS/pNES), pleckstrin homology like domain (PHLD), and PQ region direct cellular localization of PHLDA1, thereby regulating its apoptotic potential. In this thesis, well-established molecular and cellular approaches were utilized to better define the functional regions within PHLDA1 and to gain further understanding of the role of its localization on apoptosis. Using an EGFP fusion construct and leptomycin B, we confirmed that PHLDA1 contains a weak, CRM1-responsive NES. Using an EGFP-β-galactosidase fusion protein we examined the putative NLS of PHLDA1 and determined that it was not sufficient to direct nuclear localization. However, the PHLD was found to direct cellular localization, mirroring the distribution and punctate patterning of full length PHLDA1. Evidence of association of the PHLD with the membrane was confirmed using fluorescence and electron microscopy, and changes in cell morphology indicative of EMT were apparent following overexpression of the PHLD. Although previous reports have suggested that the PQ region of PHLDA1 is responsible for its proapoptotic function, its cellular localization was not clearly defined. Nuclear accumulation of the PQ region was found to be highly cytotoxic, indicating that it is sufficient to induce apoptosis and that its proapoptotic activity occurs within the nucleus. The findings of this thesis provide fresh insight into the functional regions of PHLDA1 and their respective contributions to the protein’s intracellular localization and apoptotic function, demonstrating that localization dictates the apoptotic potential of PHLDA1. This data provides a solid foundation for identifying the cellular mechanisms by which PHLDA1 influences the progression of chronic human diseases including diabetes, cancer and obesity.

Master of Science (MSc)

Advisors/Committee Members: Austin, Richard, Jeffrey Dickhout, Ray Truant, Medical Sciences (Blood and Cardiovascular).

Subjects/Keywords: PHLDA1; TDAG51; Medical Biochemistry; Medical Cell Biology; Medical Sciences; Reproductive and Urinary Physiology; Medical Biochemistry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Collins, A. C. (2013). The Functional Domains of PHLDA1: Modulation of Intracellular Localization Impacts Apoptotic Cell Death. (Masters Thesis). McMaster University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11375/15325

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Collins, AF Celeste. “The Functional Domains of PHLDA1: Modulation of Intracellular Localization Impacts Apoptotic Cell Death.” 2013. Masters Thesis, McMaster University. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11375/15325.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Collins, AF Celeste. “The Functional Domains of PHLDA1: Modulation of Intracellular Localization Impacts Apoptotic Cell Death.” 2013. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Collins AC. The Functional Domains of PHLDA1: Modulation of Intracellular Localization Impacts Apoptotic Cell Death. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. McMaster University; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/15325.

Council of Science Editors:

Collins AC. The Functional Domains of PHLDA1: Modulation of Intracellular Localization Impacts Apoptotic Cell Death. [Masters Thesis]. McMaster University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/15325

University of Kentucky

20. Fu, Weisi. PROTEIN KINASE A AND EPAC MEDIATE CHRONIC PAIN AFTER INJURY: PROLONGED INHIBITION BY ENDOGENOUS Y1 RECEPTORS IN DORSAL HORN.

Degree: 2016, University of Kentucky

URL: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/physiology_etds/31

► Inflammation or nerve injury sensitizes several populations of nociceptive neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, including those that express the neuropeptide Y… (more)

▼ Inflammation or nerve injury sensitizes several populations of nociceptive neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, including those that express the neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y1 receptor (Y1R). Our overall hypothesis is that after tissue or nerve injury, these Y1R-expressing neurons enter a state of latent sensitization (LS) that contributes to vulnerability to the development of chronic pain; furthermore, LS is under the tonic inhibitory control of endogenous Y1R signaling. First, we evaluated the intracellular signaling pathways that become activated in Y1R-expressing neurons and participate in LS. To do this, we established behavioral models of inflammatory or neuropathic pain, allowed pain hypersensitivity to resolve, and then during this period of pain remission we administered the Y1R receptor antagonist, BIBO3304, by intrathecal injection. As observed previously with mu-opioid receptor antagonists/inverse agonists, we found that BIBO3304 reinstated pain hypersensitivity via an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)- and adenylyl cyclase type 1 (AC1)-dependent mechanism. Our subsequent behavioral pharmacological experiments then established two signaling pathways downstream of AC1 that maintain LS. The first pathway involves protein kinase A (PKA) and transient receptor potential cation channel A1 (TRPA1) and channel V1 (TRPV1). The second pathway involves exchange proteins activated by cAMP (Epac 1 and Epac 2). We next found that nerve injury decreases the co-expression of Y1R with markers of excitatory interneurons, suggesting that Y1R-expressing neurons acquire a pain-enhancing phenotype after peripheral nerve injury. In a separate set of experiments that utilized Y1R-receptor internalization as an index of NPY release, we found that nerve injury increased stimulus-evoked NPY release. We conclude that injury induces pain-facilitatory mechanisms of LS in the dorsal horn involving PKA→TRPA1 and PKA→TRPV1 at the central terminals of primary afferent neurons. Whether Epac mechanisms are located on these same presynaptic terminals and/or at Y1R-expressing excitatory interneurons remain to be determined. We also conclude that injury-induced LS is masked by a compensatory up-regulation of spinal NPY release that tonically inhibits pain. These results present a novel mechanism of injury-induced LS and endogenous control of the transition from acute to chronic pain by the NPY-Y1R system. Our work sheds light on novel targets for the treatment of chronic pain.

Subjects/Keywords: NPY; Y1R; pain; AC1; PKA; Epac; Medical Neurobiology; Medical Pathology; Medical Pharmacology; Medical Physiology; Neurosciences

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APA (6^th Edition):

Fu, W. (2016). PROTEIN KINASE A AND EPAC MEDIATE CHRONIC PAIN AFTER INJURY: PROLONGED INHIBITION BY ENDOGENOUS Y1 RECEPTORS IN DORSAL HORN. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Kentucky. Retrieved from https://uknowledge.uky.edu/physiology_etds/31

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fu, Weisi. “PROTEIN KINASE A AND EPAC MEDIATE CHRONIC PAIN AFTER INJURY: PROLONGED INHIBITION BY ENDOGENOUS Y1 RECEPTORS IN DORSAL HORN.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Kentucky. Accessed April 12, 2021. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/physiology_etds/31.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fu, Weisi. “PROTEIN KINASE A AND EPAC MEDIATE CHRONIC PAIN AFTER INJURY: PROLONGED INHIBITION BY ENDOGENOUS Y1 RECEPTORS IN DORSAL HORN.” 2016. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Fu W. PROTEIN KINASE A AND EPAC MEDIATE CHRONIC PAIN AFTER INJURY: PROLONGED INHIBITION BY ENDOGENOUS Y1 RECEPTORS IN DORSAL HORN. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Kentucky; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/physiology_etds/31.

Council of Science Editors:

Fu W. PROTEIN KINASE A AND EPAC MEDIATE CHRONIC PAIN AFTER INJURY: PROLONGED INHIBITION BY ENDOGENOUS Y1 RECEPTORS IN DORSAL HORN. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Kentucky; 2016. Available from: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/physiology_etds/31

Stellenbosch University

21. Pienaar, Ilse-Sanet. The impact of developmental stress on the functioning and vulnerability of CNS neurons.

Degree: Biomedical Sciences, 2008, Stellenbosch University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1218

►

Thesis (PhD (Biomedical Sciences. Medical Physiology)) – Stellenbosch University, 2008.

The overall objective of this thesis is to provide additional data to assist clinicians and experimental… (more)

▼

Thesis (PhD (Biomedical Sciences. Medical Physiology)) – Stellenbosch University, 2008.

The overall objective of this thesis is to provide additional data to assist clinicians and experimental neurologists alike in the quest for better understanding, more accurately diagnosing and more successfully treating patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease (PD). The general theme of the thesis is the interaction between certain environmental stimuli, including the exposure to adverse events during early central nervous system (CNS) development and the manifestation of elements of neurodegeneration, whether by means of neurochemical changes or expressed as a dysfunctional voluntary motor system. The first chapter provides a general introduction to the research theme of the thesis. This includes, in particular, a discussion on current understanding concerning the etiology and clinical profile of PD, the relative contribution made by genetic factors compared to environmental ones, and current treatment strategies for treating the disease. Mention is also made of the failure of these therapeutic applications for reversing or protecting against the disease, due to the side-effects associated with them. The material covered in chapter 1 provides the basis for the more complete discussion concerning these various aspects, contained in the chapters to follow. The overall aim was also to characterise the effects of commonly used toxin-induced animal models of PD, and the extent of vulnerability that the CNS displays towards them. The destruction of dopaminergic neurons following the administration of 6-OHDA at targeted points along the nigrostriatal tract is used extensively to model PD pathology in rats and is an established animal model of the disease. However, mature or even aged animals are mainly used in these studies, while the effects that the toxin might have on the developing CNS remain unclear. The study reported in chapter 4 aimed to elucidate some of 6-OHDA’s actions on the young adolescent (35 days-old) CNS by comparing the motor and biochemical effects of a unilateral infusion of the toxin into two anatomically distinct basal ganglia loci: The medial forebrain bundle (MFB) and the striatum. Animals were randomly assigned to receive either a direct delivery of 6-OHDA (12μg/4μl) into the MFB or an indirect injection, into the striatum. Although both lesion types were used, the MFB model is considered a more accurate portrayal of end-stage PD, while the striatum-model better reflects the long-term progressive pathology of the disease. The different lesions’ effects on motor function were determined by observing animal’s asymmetrical forelimb use to correct for weigh shifting during the vertical exploration of a cylindrical enclosure. Following the final behavioral assessment, the concentration of dopamine (DA) and DA metabolites remaining in the post-mortem brains were determined using 4 HPLC electrochemistry (HPLC-EC) and the levels compared between the two groups. The HPLC-EC results…

Advisors/Committee Members: Daniels, W. M. U., Stein, D. J., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Health Sciences. Dept. of Biomedical Sciences. Medical Physiology..

Subjects/Keywords: Medical physiology; Medicine

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APA (6^th Edition):

Pienaar, I. (2008). The impact of developmental stress on the functioning and vulnerability of CNS neurons. (Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1218

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pienaar, Ilse-Sanet. “The impact of developmental stress on the functioning and vulnerability of CNS neurons.” 2008. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1218.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pienaar, Ilse-Sanet. “The impact of developmental stress on the functioning and vulnerability of CNS neurons.” 2008. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Pienaar I. The impact of developmental stress on the functioning and vulnerability of CNS neurons. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2008. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1218.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Pienaar I. The impact of developmental stress on the functioning and vulnerability of CNS neurons. [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1218

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Stellenbosch University

22. Rapuling, Llewelen. Proteomic analysis of human sperm proteins in relation to sperm motility, morphology and energy metabolism.

Degree: Biomedical Sciences, 2010, Stellenbosch University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5205

►

Bibliography

Thesis (MScMedSc (Biomedical Sciences. Medical Physiology)) – University of Stellenbosch, 2010.

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Male infertility is often associated with impaired sperm motility and morphology (asthenoteratozoospermia)… (more)

▼

Bibliography

Thesis (MScMedSc (Biomedical Sciences. Medical Physiology)) – University of Stellenbosch, 2010.

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Male infertility is often associated with impaired sperm motility and morphology (asthenoteratozoospermia) for which there is no specific therapeutic treatment. It has come to light that the modification and expression of human sperm proteins play a crucial role in sperm function. In the present study, we present proteomic data of human spermatozoa in the context of sperm dysfunction. Novel techniques have been used to successfully isolate and identify differences in protein expression on a cellular level associated with asthenoteratozoospermia. In the first part of the study, differences in protein expression within the total sperm proteome were investigated between immature and mature sperm populations. Semen was collected from healthy donors (n=23) and separated into mature and immature sperm populations by 3-layer Percoll gradient centrifugation. Cells were washed and motility and morphology were measured by computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA). For the proteomic investigation cells were lysed and proteins separated by means of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D electrophoresis). PD-Quest was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins. The protein spots of interest were excised and subjected to in-gel digestion. Peptides were separated by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis and amino acid sequences determined by mass spectrophotometry. Proteins were identified by Mascot, using the Swiss Prot database. The results show that the motility (immature; 26.1±1.75% total motile cells vs. mature; 60.93±3.24% total motile cells; p<0.001) and morphology parameters (immature; 64.1±2.75% normal head morphology vs. mature; 87.63±3.24% normal head morphology; p<0.001) of the two populations differed significantly. After 2D electrophoresis, 16 differentially expressed protein spots were identified within the total sperm proteome between the immature and mature sperm populations. 56% of the differentially expressed proteins were more abundant in the immature sperm population compared to the mature sperm population. Functions have been ascribed to these proteins of which only four proteins, namely Tubulin -3C/D chain, Tubulin -2C chain, Outer dense fibre protein 2 and A-Kinase anchoring protein 4 precursor, were directly related to sperm motility and morphology. In the second part of the study the expression of nuclear proteins in human spermatozoa was investigated between immature and mature sperm populations. Semen was collected from healthy donors (n=156) and further separated from the seminal plasma by PureSperm® gradient centrifugation. The immature and mature sperm populations were retrieved and used during further analysis. For the proteomic analysis of nuclear proteins, cells were fractionated into four different subcellular protein fractions, instead of analyzing the whole sperm proteome. The results show that the …

Advisors/Committee Members: Du Plessis, Stefan, Hattingh, Suzel, University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Health Sciences. Dept. of Biomedical Sciences. Medical Physiology..

Subjects/Keywords: Medicine; Medical Physiology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Rapuling, L. (2010). Proteomic analysis of human sperm proteins in relation to sperm motility, morphology and energy metabolism. (Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5205

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rapuling, Llewelen. “Proteomic analysis of human sperm proteins in relation to sperm motility, morphology and energy metabolism.” 2010. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5205.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rapuling, Llewelen. “Proteomic analysis of human sperm proteins in relation to sperm motility, morphology and energy metabolism.” 2010. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Rapuling L. Proteomic analysis of human sperm proteins in relation to sperm motility, morphology and energy metabolism. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2010. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5205.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Rapuling L. Proteomic analysis of human sperm proteins in relation to sperm motility, morphology and energy metabolism. [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5205

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Virginia Commonwealth University

23. Cameron, Krasnodara. Conduction states of the human dopamine transporter.

Degree: PhD, Physiology, 2015, Virginia Commonwealth University

URL: https://doi.org/10.25772/ECZM-XS03 ; https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3676

► Dysregulation of dopaminergic homeostasis has been established as the primary source of numerous neurological disorders including Parkinson’s and drug addiction. A tonic increase of… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: monoamine transporters; dopamine; AMPH; COC; Medical Physiology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cameron, K. (2015). Conduction states of the human dopamine transporter. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Commonwealth University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.25772/ECZM-XS03 ; https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3676

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cameron, Krasnodara. “Conduction states of the human dopamine transporter.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Commonwealth University. Accessed April 12, 2021. https://doi.org/10.25772/ECZM-XS03 ; https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3676.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cameron, Krasnodara. “Conduction states of the human dopamine transporter.” 2015. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Cameron K. Conduction states of the human dopamine transporter. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Commonwealth University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25772/ECZM-XS03 ; https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3676.

Council of Science Editors:

Cameron K. Conduction states of the human dopamine transporter. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Commonwealth University; 2015. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25772/ECZM-XS03 ; https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3676

Western Kentucky University

24. Detwiler, Kenneth. Regeneration of Hair Cell Epithelia in the Chick and Salamander.

Degree: MS, Department of Biology, 1998, Western Kentucky University

URL: https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/301

► The acousticolateralis sensory system is characterized by a specific receptor cell type called the sensory hair cell and is found in all vertebrates. There are… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Medical Sciences; Physiology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Detwiler, K. (1998). Regeneration of Hair Cell Epithelia in the Chick and Salamander. (Masters Thesis). Western Kentucky University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/301

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Detwiler, Kenneth. “Regeneration of Hair Cell Epithelia in the Chick and Salamander.” 1998. Masters Thesis, Western Kentucky University. Accessed April 12, 2021. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/301.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Detwiler, Kenneth. “Regeneration of Hair Cell Epithelia in the Chick and Salamander.” 1998. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Detwiler K. Regeneration of Hair Cell Epithelia in the Chick and Salamander. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Western Kentucky University; 1998. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/301.

Council of Science Editors:

Detwiler K. Regeneration of Hair Cell Epithelia in the Chick and Salamander. [Masters Thesis]. Western Kentucky University; 1998. Available from: https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/301

Montana State University

25. King, Ruth Elizabeth. Preliminary integrative guidelines for aromatherapy: a tool for healthcare providers.

Degree: Doctor of Nursing Practice, College of Nursing, 2018, Montana State University

URL: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/14561

► Aromatherapy has a long history of use for medicinal purposes. In recent years, aromatherapy has increased in popularity among the general public yet many healthcare… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Therapeutics; Smell; Physiology; Research; Medical personnel

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APA (6^th Edition):

King, R. E. (2018). Preliminary integrative guidelines for aromatherapy: a tool for healthcare providers. (Doctoral Dissertation). Montana State University. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/14561

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

King, Ruth Elizabeth. “Preliminary integrative guidelines for aromatherapy: a tool for healthcare providers.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Montana State University. Accessed April 12, 2021. https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/14561.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

King, Ruth Elizabeth. “Preliminary integrative guidelines for aromatherapy: a tool for healthcare providers.” 2018. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

King RE. Preliminary integrative guidelines for aromatherapy: a tool for healthcare providers. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Montana State University; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/14561.

Council of Science Editors:

King RE. Preliminary integrative guidelines for aromatherapy: a tool for healthcare providers. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Montana State University; 2018. Available from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/14561

Montana State University

26. Stender Penrose, Stephanie Diane. How the experiences of medical professionals and High school students. inform improvements to high school human anatomy and physiology courses.

Degree: MS, Graduate School, 2015, Montana State University

URL: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/9293

► This project aimed to identify some of the most effective ways that students learn the human anatomical and physiological concepts in high school through medical… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Physiology; Anatomy; Medical personnel; High school students

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APA (6^th Edition):

Stender Penrose, S. D. (2015). How the experiences of medical professionals and High school students. inform improvements to high school human anatomy and physiology courses. (Masters Thesis). Montana State University. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/9293

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Stender Penrose, Stephanie Diane. “How the experiences of medical professionals and High school students. inform improvements to high school human anatomy and physiology courses.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Montana State University. Accessed April 12, 2021. https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/9293.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Stender Penrose, Stephanie Diane. “How the experiences of medical professionals and High school students. inform improvements to high school human anatomy and physiology courses.” 2015. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Stender Penrose SD. How the experiences of medical professionals and High school students. inform improvements to high school human anatomy and physiology courses. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Montana State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/9293.

Council of Science Editors:

Stender Penrose SD. How the experiences of medical professionals and High school students. inform improvements to high school human anatomy and physiology courses. [Masters Thesis]. Montana State University; 2015. Available from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/9293

Bond University

27. Kakanis, Michael. The immune system response to prolonged bouts of heavy-intensity exercise.

Degree: 2015, Bond University

URL: https://epublications.bond.edu.au/theses/183

► Endurance exercise can cause immunosuppression and increase the risk of upper respiratory illness (URIs). The exercise-induced stress response exhibits effects on circulating immune cell concentrations… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Exercise; Health aspects; Immunological aspects.; Health Sciences, Immunology (0982); Exercise Physiology; Medical Immunology; Medical Physiology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kakanis, M. (2015). The immune system response to prolonged bouts of heavy-intensity exercise. (Thesis). Bond University. Retrieved from https://epublications.bond.edu.au/theses/183

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kakanis, Michael. “The immune system response to prolonged bouts of heavy-intensity exercise.” 2015. Thesis, Bond University. Accessed April 12, 2021. https://epublications.bond.edu.au/theses/183.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kakanis, Michael. “The immune system response to prolonged bouts of heavy-intensity exercise.” 2015. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Kakanis M. The immune system response to prolonged bouts of heavy-intensity exercise. [Internet] [Thesis]. Bond University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: https://epublications.bond.edu.au/theses/183.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kakanis M. The immune system response to prolonged bouts of heavy-intensity exercise. [Thesis]. Bond University; 2015. Available from: https://epublications.bond.edu.au/theses/183

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Stellenbosch University

28. Strijdom, Hans. Hypoxia and the heart : the role of nitric oxide in cardiac myocytes and endothelial cells.

Degree: Biomedical Sciences, 2007, Stellenbosch University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1184

►

Thesis (PhD (Biomedical Sciences. Medical Physiology)) – University of Stellenbosch, 2007.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a major signaling molecule in the heart with various biological effects.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Medical physiology; Dissertations – Medical physiology; Medicine

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APA (6^th Edition):

Strijdom, H. (2007). Hypoxia and the heart : the role of nitric oxide in cardiac myocytes and endothelial cells. (Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1184

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Strijdom, Hans. “Hypoxia and the heart : the role of nitric oxide in cardiac myocytes and endothelial cells.” 2007. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1184.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Strijdom, Hans. “Hypoxia and the heart : the role of nitric oxide in cardiac myocytes and endothelial cells.” 2007. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Strijdom H. Hypoxia and the heart : the role of nitric oxide in cardiac myocytes and endothelial cells. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2007. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1184.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Strijdom H. Hypoxia and the heart : the role of nitric oxide in cardiac myocytes and endothelial cells. [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2007. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1184

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Stellenbosch University

29. Salie, Ruduwaan. The mechanism of pharmacological preconditioning of rat myocardium with beta-adrenergic agonists.

Degree: PhD, Biomedical Sciences, 2011, Stellenbosch University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6630

► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Mechanism of -adrenergic preconditioning ( -PC) Ischaemic preconditioning (IPC), a potent endogenous protective intervention against myocardial ischaemia, is induced by exposure of… (more)

▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Mechanism of -adrenergic preconditioning ( -PC) Ischaemic preconditioning (IPC), a potent endogenous protective intervention against myocardial ischaemia, is induced by exposure of the heart to repetitive short episodes of ischaemia and reperfusion. The protective effects of this phenomenon have been demonstrated to be mediated by release of autocoids such as adenosine, opioids and bradykinin. Release of endogenous catecholamines and activation of the beta-adrenergic receptors (b-AR) have also been shown to be involved in ischaemic preconditioning. However, the exact mechanism whereby activation of the - adrenergic signal transduction pathway leads to cardioprotection, is still unknown. In view of the above, the aims of the present study were to evaluate: (i) the respective roles of the 1-, 2- and 3-AR receptors as well as the contribution of Gi protein and PKA to -adrenergic preconditioning, (ii) the role of the prosurvival kinases, PKB/Akt and ERK 44/p42 MAPKinase in -drenergic preconditioning, (iii) whether b-AR stimulation protect via ischaemia and the formation of adenosine; the respective roles of the A1-, A2-, A3-adenosine receptors as well as the involvement of the PI3-K/PKB/Akt and ERKp44/p42 signal transduction pathways, in the cardioprotective phenomemon of -adrenergic preconditioning and (iv) the contribution of the mitochondrial KATP channels (mKATP), reactive oxygen species and NO to the mechanism of -AR-induced cardioprotection. Methods: Isolated perfused rat hearts were subjected to 35 min regional ischaemia (RI) and reperfusion. Infarct size (IS) was determined using tetrazolium staining (TTC) and data were analyzed with ANOVA. Hearts were preconditioned with 5 min isoproterenol 0.1 μM ( 1/ 2-AR agonist), or formoterol 1 nM ( 2-AR agonist) or BRL 37344 1 μM ( 3-AR agonist) followed by 5 min reperfusion. The roles of the 1-, 2- and 3-ARs as well as NO were explored by using the selective antagonists CGP-20712A (300 nM), ICI -18551 (50 nM), SR59230A (100 nM) and NOS inhibitors L-NAME (50 μM) or LNNA (50 μM) respectively. Involvement of ROS and the mK+ ATP channels was studied by administration of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC, 300 μM) and the mitK+ ATP iv channel blocker 5-HD (100 μM) during the triggering phase. The role of PKA and PI3-K/Akt was investigated by the administration of the blockers Rp-8-CPT-cAMPs (16 μM) and wortmannin (100 nM) respectively, prior to RI or at the onset of reperfusion. Pertussis toxin (PTX), 30 μg kg-1 was administered i.p., 48 h prior to experimentation. The role of adenosine and the adenosine A1, A3, A2A and A2B receptors was studied by using adenosine deaminase and the selective antagonists DPCPX (1 μM), MRS 1191(1 μM), ZM241385 (1 μM) and MRS1754 (1 μM). Activation of PKB/Akt and ERKp44/p42 was determined by Western blot. Results: Infarct sizes of hearts preconditioned with isoproterenol of formoterol were significantly smaller compared to those of non-preconditioned hearts. This was associated with an… Advisors/Committee Members: Lochner, A., Moolman, J. A., University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Health Sciences. Dept. of Biomedical Sciences. Medical physiology.

Subjects/Keywords: Medical physiology; Dissertations – Medical physiology; Rats as laboratory animals – Experimentation; Biomedical Sciences

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APA (6^th Edition):

Salie, R. (2011). The mechanism of pharmacological preconditioning of rat myocardium with beta-adrenergic agonists. (Doctoral Dissertation). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6630

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Salie, Ruduwaan. “The mechanism of pharmacological preconditioning of rat myocardium with beta-adrenergic agonists.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6630.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Salie, Ruduwaan. “The mechanism of pharmacological preconditioning of rat myocardium with beta-adrenergic agonists.” 2011. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Salie R. The mechanism of pharmacological preconditioning of rat myocardium with beta-adrenergic agonists. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Stellenbosch University; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6630.

Council of Science Editors:

Salie R. The mechanism of pharmacological preconditioning of rat myocardium with beta-adrenergic agonists. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Stellenbosch University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6630

McMaster University

30. Cowan, Robert W. Parathyroid hormone-related protein in giant cell tumour of bone.

Degree: PhD, 2012, McMaster University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/11962

►

Giant cell tumour of bone (GCT) is an aggressive primary bone tumour with an unclear etiology that presents with significant local osteolysis due in… (more)

▼

Giant cell tumour of bone (GCT) is an aggressive primary bone tumour with an unclear etiology that presents with significant local osteolysis due in part to the accumulation of multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells. However, it is the neoplastic spindle-like stromal cells within GCT that largely direct the pathogenesis of the tumour. I hypothesize that parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is a key mediator within GCT that promotes the characteristic osteolytic phenotype by stimulating both bone resorption and giant cell formation. The work presented in this thesis collectively demonstrates that the stromal cells express PTHrP and its receptor, the parathyroid hormone type 1 receptor (PTH1R), and that PTHrP acts in an autocrine/paracrine manner within the tumour to stimulate expression of factors that promote bone resorption. Data are presented that demonstrate that PTHrP stimulates stromal cell expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), a known essential regulator of osteoclastogenesis, which results in increased formation of multinucleated cells from murine monocytes. Moreover, the GCT stromal cells express matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-13. These results suggest that the stromal cells may participate directly in bone resorption through the degradation of type I collagen, the promotion of osteoclast activity, or through a combination of these elements. PTHrP also regulates the expression of MMP-13 by the stromal cells. Experiments with CD40 ligand show that local factors present within the tumour can influence PTHrP expression by the stromal cells and potentiate its catabolic effects by stimulation of RANKL and MMP-13 expression. Together, this thesis presents evidence that suggests PTHrP is an important factor in the pathophysiology of GCT by its actions on promoting catabolism within the tumour. The role of PTHrP in normal physiology and the mechanisms of action presented here suggest that research into the effects of PTHrP within GCT may provide invaluable information that enhances our understanding of the biology of this particularly aggressive bone tumour.

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Advisors/Committee Members: Singh, Gurmit, Medical Sciences.

Subjects/Keywords: PTHrP; bone resorption; giant cell tumour; bone; RANKL; MMP-13; Medical Physiology; Medical Physiology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Cowan, R. W. (2012). Parathyroid hormone-related protein in giant cell tumour of bone. (Doctoral Dissertation). McMaster University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11375/11962

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cowan, Robert W. “Parathyroid hormone-related protein in giant cell tumour of bone.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, McMaster University. Accessed April 12, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11375/11962.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cowan, Robert W. “Parathyroid hormone-related protein in giant cell tumour of bone.” 2012. Web. 12 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Cowan RW. Parathyroid hormone-related protein in giant cell tumour of bone. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. McMaster University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 12]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/11962.

Council of Science Editors:

Cowan RW. Parathyroid hormone-related protein in giant cell tumour of bone. [Doctoral Dissertation]. McMaster University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/11962

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Open Access Theses and Dissertations