subject:(Marine biology)

University of Helsinki

1. Fleming-Lehtinen, Vivi. Secchi depth in the Baltic Sea an indicator of eutrophication.

Degree: Department of Environmental Sciences; Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), 2016, University of Helsinki

► Secchi depth, a proxy of water clarity, is widely applied as an indicator of eutrophication or water quality both in open-sea- and coastal areas. In… (more)

▼ Secchi depth, a proxy of water clarity, is widely applied as an indicator of eutrophication or water quality both in open-sea- and coastal areas. In optically complex waters, such as the Baltic Sea, Secchi depth is known to respond to several components yet its performance, or possible restrictions, have not been explored. In this study, I investigated long-term changes in Secchi depth. I also explored the structure, scientific basis and use of Secchi depth as an indicator of eutrophication in the Baltic Sea. Secchi depth decreased in the open Baltic Sea during the last century (Paper I). The decrease was especially intense in the northern areas, amounting to 3.3 4.0 m (averaging 0.033 0.040 m y-1), when comparing summer time averages in 2005 2009 to those observed one hundred years earlier. The decrease was proposed to be strongly linked with documented simultaneous increase in chlorophyll-a concentration (Papers I, III). A closer look at the Finnish coastal areas, where a national monitoring program has taken place since 1970, revealed clear decreasing trends only in the Archipelago Sea accompanied by opposing trends in chlorophyll-a (Paper II). Contradictory to this, and to the development in adjacent open sea areas, Secchi depth was observed to increase in the coastal Bothnian Sea, Quark and Bothnian Bay. I suggest the increase was at least partly a consequence of decreased concentrations of dissolved iron in the surface waters near the coast. The relationship between Secchi depth and total organic carbon (TOC) was tested, but a significant relationship was not found indirectly indicating that a large part of organic carbon was colorless. Unfortunately, the long-term coastal dataset did not allow comparison to suspended inorganic matter, leaving the possible effect of potentially important coastal constituent unrevealed. The effect of the main optical constituents on light attenuation in the open sea were investigated through a bio-optical model setup, in order to resolve how the Secchi depth indicator should be applied in different parts of the Baltic Sea (Paper III). Secchi depth was shown to be highly sensitive to variation in both phytoplankton (by chlorophyll-a as proxy) and colorful dissolved organic matter (CDOM). As expected, based on the high spatial gradients in both optical constituents, the evaluation against monitoring data called for sub-basin-wise adjustments to the model outcome. Secchi depth is often applied together with other indicators, including chlorophyll-a. The modelling exercise revealed, that the environmental targets for Secchi depth, set by the Baltic Sea coastal states via their collaboration through the Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission (HELCOM), were stricter than those set for chlorophyll-a. To facilitate future management use of the Secchi depth indicator, I made an effort to characterize it in relation to indicators in general. Secchi depth is a commonly applied and well established indicator of eutrophication and water quality in the Baltic Sea. It…

Subjects/Keywords: Marine Biology; Marine Biology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Fleming-Lehtinen, V. (2016). Secchi depth in the Baltic Sea an indicator of eutrophication. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Helsinki. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10138/168525

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fleming-Lehtinen, Vivi. “Secchi depth in the Baltic Sea an indicator of eutrophication.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Helsinki. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10138/168525.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fleming-Lehtinen, Vivi. “Secchi depth in the Baltic Sea an indicator of eutrophication.” 2016. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Fleming-Lehtinen V. Secchi depth in the Baltic Sea an indicator of eutrophication. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/168525.

Council of Science Editors:

Fleming-Lehtinen V. Secchi depth in the Baltic Sea an indicator of eutrophication. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/168525

Texas A&M University

2. Francis, Jeffrey Michael. Linking Ecological Function and Ecosystem Service Values of Estaurine Habitat Types Associated with a Barrier Island System.

Degree: PhD, Marine Biology, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148325

► Ecosystem services are benefits humans receive as a function of natural processes. Many current studies seek to express these benefits as an economic value per… (more)

▼ Ecosystem services are benefits humans receive as a function of natural processes. Many current studies seek to express these benefits as an economic value per unit of habitat type without quantifying the ecological functions that allow for the provision of ecosystem services. This study is designed to model each habitat type in an effort to explicitly link the major estuarine habitat types of Mustang Island (oyster reefs, seagrass meadows, and intertidal salt marsh) to their contribution to Nitrogen cycling services. First, a dynamic biomass model of each foundational species was created using Simile, a declarative modeling framework. Second, a monthly snapshot of Nitrogen captured in living biomass was used to quantify the contribution of each species to the Nitrogen cycling services. Finally, the amount of Nitrogen captured in living biomass was valued using a replacement cost approach. An effort was also made to link the provision of recreational fishing services provided by each aforementioned habitat type by partitioning travel costs and license sales weighted by the density of fish found in each habitat type. It was found that oyster reefs of Mustang Island contribute 173,000 yr^-1, seagrass meadows contribute 12,054,095 yr^-1, and intertidal salt marshes contribute 5,242,755 yr^-1 in potential Nitrogen cycling services. The total value of recreational fishing services within the study site was calculated to be 83.8 million dollars yr^-1. A portion of the total value was then attributed to each habitat type: Marsh edge: 2 million; Seagrass meadows: 81 million; and Oyster: 81,000 thousand. These efforts have been made to translate ecological function into economic benefit to improve communication among a wide variety of stakeholders that are more likely to understand economic value. Further refinement of both the models and the economic data necessary to support them, will have the potential to improve the applicability and results of these tools. These results, and the modeling framework through which they are calculated, provide a platform to evaluate management relevant scenarios in a simple, flexible manner that may be adjusted and transferred to other study sites given appropriate local data. Advisors/Committee Members: Fox, Joe M (advisor), Yoskowitz, David W (advisor), Gibeaut, James C (committee member), Stunz, Gregory W (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: marine biology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Francis, J. M. (2012). Linking Ecological Function and Ecosystem Service Values of Estaurine Habitat Types Associated with a Barrier Island System. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148325

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Francis, Jeffrey Michael. “Linking Ecological Function and Ecosystem Service Values of Estaurine Habitat Types Associated with a Barrier Island System.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148325.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Francis, Jeffrey Michael. “Linking Ecological Function and Ecosystem Service Values of Estaurine Habitat Types Associated with a Barrier Island System.” 2012. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Francis JM. Linking Ecological Function and Ecosystem Service Values of Estaurine Habitat Types Associated with a Barrier Island System. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148325.

Council of Science Editors:

Francis JM. Linking Ecological Function and Ecosystem Service Values of Estaurine Habitat Types Associated with a Barrier Island System. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148325

College of William and Mary

3. Killberg-Thoreson, Lynn M. A Tale of Two Blooms: Dynamics of Nitrogen Uptake by Harmful Algae in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico and York River, Virginia, USA.

Degree: PhD, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 2011, College of William and Mary

URL: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616713

► The goal of this study was to determine the significance of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) to harmful phytoplankton. Two regions… (more)

▼ The goal of this study was to determine the significance of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) to harmful phytoplankton. Two regions that experience frequent and persistent harmful algal blooms (HABs) were examined, the Eastern Gulf of Mexico and York River, Virginia. Nitrogen uptake by harmful algae in these regions was examined using a combination of stable isotopic (15N) tracer techniques and nutrient bioassays. In the Eastern Gulf of Mexico, kinetic parameters for uptake of N substrates by K. brevis were determined and indicated the greatest preference for ammonium (NH4+), although all substrates tested were taken up. Investigation of N uptake by K. brevis in the light and dark revealed periodicity of diet uptake rates with the maximum and minimum rates measured early in the light and dark periods, respectively. The highest rates of uptake were observed for NH4+. Ratios of NH4+ regeneration:uptake were ∼1, indicating the importance of regeneration processes to blooms. Three strains of K. brevis exhibited significant differences in N uptake rates. The observed nutritional flexibility of K. brevis likely helps it flourish under a range of conditions spanning bloom initiation in oligotrophic offshore waters to bloom maintenance inshore. In the York River, N uptake was dominated by NH4+ with the highest uptake rates at all stations, for all size fractions and for all seasons, ranging from 34 to 80% of total absolute uptake. Rates of N uptake by A. monilatum are the first reported for this species in the York River, and demonstrate uptake of a diverse suite N substrates. During the A. monilatum bloom NH4+ regeneration rates equaled those of uptake, indicating the importance of regeneration to blooms. Additionally, three anthropogenic N sources were used to assess their role in exacerbation of a HAB during a 7 day bioassay. Urban parking lot run-off (+ Urban), soil from a construction site (+ Soil) and paper mill run-off (+ Industrial) were added to a natural bloom assemblage. Results indicated the anthropogenic sources had unique N compositions; DIN comprised ∼9%, 91% and 20% of + Urban, + Soil, and + Industrial, respectively. All N sources stimulated the growth of phytoplankton with the + Urban and + Soil treatments eliciting the greatest response, a doubling in Chl a and/or cell concentrations along with nutrient drawdown of both DIN and DON within two days. The results of this dissertation emphasize the importance of a flexible metabolism to the success of the HAB species investigated here. All harmful phytoplankton studied were able to utilize the variety of DIN and DON sources supplied. Additionally, a universal preference for NH4+ was observed in all studies despite the distinct regions examined and unique characteristics of each species.

Subjects/Keywords: Marine Biology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Killberg-Thoreson, L. M. (2011). A Tale of Two Blooms: Dynamics of Nitrogen Uptake by Harmful Algae in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico and York River, Virginia, USA. (Doctoral Dissertation). College of William and Mary. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616713

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Killberg-Thoreson, Lynn M. “A Tale of Two Blooms: Dynamics of Nitrogen Uptake by Harmful Algae in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico and York River, Virginia, USA.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, College of William and Mary. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616713.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Killberg-Thoreson, Lynn M. “A Tale of Two Blooms: Dynamics of Nitrogen Uptake by Harmful Algae in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico and York River, Virginia, USA.” 2011. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Killberg-Thoreson LM. A Tale of Two Blooms: Dynamics of Nitrogen Uptake by Harmful Algae in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico and York River, Virginia, USA. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. College of William and Mary; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616713.

Council of Science Editors:

Killberg-Thoreson LM. A Tale of Two Blooms: Dynamics of Nitrogen Uptake by Harmful Algae in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico and York River, Virginia, USA. [Doctoral Dissertation]. College of William and Mary; 2011. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616713

University of KwaZulu-Natal

4. Masikane, Ntuthuko Fortune. Development of a sediment toxicity test for the South African coastal environment using the endemic amphipod, Grandidierella lignorum Barnard 1935 (Amphipoda: Aoridae).

Degree: Marine biology, 2013, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11225

► Contaminants introduced in solution to coastal waters eventually accumulate in sediment. Pollution by these contaminants is only evident when biological effects occur. Geochemical procedures lack… (more)

▼ Contaminants introduced in solution to coastal waters eventually accumulate in sediment. Pollution by these contaminants is only evident when biological effects occur. Geochemical procedures lack the ability to identify biological effects of pollution. Biological methods (i.e. community structure analyses and/or bioassays) are currently the best available techniques for pollution assessment. Standardised and locally relevant protocols for pollution assessment are lacking in many developing countries, including South Africa. This study aims to develop a sediment toxicity testing protocol using an amphipod species endemic to South Africa, Grandidierella lignorum. Initial research focussed on establishing ranges of physico-chemical parameters (i.e. salinity, temperature, sediment grain size and organic matter content) within which sediment toxicity tests should be performed. The sensitivity of the amphipod was then determined by exposing the amphipod to cadmium, copper and zinc at various salinities. Lastly, the amphipod was exposed to effluents (to test the amphipod’s sensitivity in water only tests) and whole sediment (to tests the amphipod’s sensitivity to solid phase material). G. lignorum tolerates salinities between 0 and 56, but prefers salinities between 7 and 42. Preferred salinity range is modified by temperature, with salinity of 42 becoming less tolerable. Salinities between 7 and 35 are most preferred at 10-25°C. G. lignorum prefers fine- (27.48±12.13%), medium- (25.11±12.99%) and coarse-grained sand (21.45±8.02%). Sediment with low (≤2%) organic matter content is most preferable, regardless of sediment grain size or type of organic matter (protein-rich vs. carbohydrate-rich). Cadmium toxicity decreased with increasing salinity (LC₅₀: 0.34 ± 0.17 mg l⁻¹ (salinity of 7), 0.73 ± 0.05 mg l⁻¹ (salinity of 21) and 1.08 ± 0.49 mg l⁻¹ (salinity of 35)). Zinc toxicity increased with decreasing salinity (1.56 ± 0.33 mg l⁻¹ at a salinity of 21 to 0.99 ± 0.13 mg l⁻¹ at a salinity of 7) and with increasing salinity (from salinity of 21 to 0.82 ± 0.19 mg l⁻¹ at a salinity of 35). Copper toxicity did not differ significantly with salinity and ranged between 0.72 ± 0.18 mg l⁻¹ (salinity of 35) and 0.89 ± 0.24 mg l⁻¹ (salinity of 21). Toxicity testing using Grandidierella lignorum should be performed in coarse- to fine-grained sediment at salinities of 7 - 35, at 10 – 25°C. Amphipods do not need to be fed during toxicity testing. A control chart using cadmium as a reference toxicant was established to determine the acceptability of toxicity results. Toxicity test results should be accepted when cadmium toxicity falls between 0.49 and 4.02 mg l⁻¹. The amphipod responded consistently to effluents and was able to discriminate polluted and unpolluted sediment in Durban Bay. Recommendations for refining the effluent and sediment toxicity test are suggested. Advisors/Committee Members: Scharler, Ursula Michaela. (advisor), Newman, Brent K. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Marine biology.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Masikane, N. F. (2013). Development of a sediment toxicity test for the South African coastal environment using the endemic amphipod, Grandidierella lignorum Barnard 1935 (Amphipoda: Aoridae). (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11225

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Masikane, Ntuthuko Fortune. “Development of a sediment toxicity test for the South African coastal environment using the endemic amphipod, Grandidierella lignorum Barnard 1935 (Amphipoda: Aoridae).” 2013. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11225.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Masikane, Ntuthuko Fortune. “Development of a sediment toxicity test for the South African coastal environment using the endemic amphipod, Grandidierella lignorum Barnard 1935 (Amphipoda: Aoridae).” 2013. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Masikane NF. Development of a sediment toxicity test for the South African coastal environment using the endemic amphipod, Grandidierella lignorum Barnard 1935 (Amphipoda: Aoridae). [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11225.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Masikane NF. Development of a sediment toxicity test for the South African coastal environment using the endemic amphipod, Grandidierella lignorum Barnard 1935 (Amphipoda: Aoridae). [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11225

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of KwaZulu-Natal

5. Fru Azinwi, Nche-Fambo. The dynamics of nano- and microplankton in the St. Lucia estuarine lake system, KwaZulu-Natal.

Degree: MS, Marine biology, 2013, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11169

► St. Lucia estuarine lake system has a history of episodic droughts and floods leading to a high variability in physico-chemical characteristics which may influence the… (more)

▼ St. Lucia estuarine lake system has a history of episodic droughts and floods leading to a high variability in physico-chemical characteristics which may influence the community structure of nano- and microplankton that are the main primary energy synthesisers in aquatic systems. Originally, the St. Lucia estuary and the Mfolozi River shared the same mouth with the Mfolozi River acting as the main source of fresh water to the system and as stabiliser of the common inlet. Due to prolonged mouth closure from 2001-2012 and high evaporation rates, severe extended droughts and high salinities were experienced in 2001-2012.This project aimed to characterise community composition and biomass of nano-and microplankton (autotrophic and heterotrophic) under the varying and extreme physico-chemical conditions in order to characterize the energy basis of the planktonic food web in St. Lucia. Its main objectives were to compare and add onto Johnson’s (1977) list of phytoplankton taxa in the system, to estimate the biomass (carbon) of nano- and microplankton from cell counts and biovolume measurements, and lastly to understand and establish trends in the change in community structure of these organisms with the varying physico-chemical characteristics. Nano- and microplankton samples were collected monthly from October 2010 to September 2011 at three different sites: Lister’s Point, Charters Creek and the mouth representing the lakes and estuary Channel. Chlorophyll a and physico-chemical parameters were also measured in situ during collection. In the lab, samples were settled using the Utermöhl method and species were identified to at least genus level, counted and cell measurements taken under an inverted microscope for biovolume calculations and biomass thereof. Abundance in cells per liter and biomass (carbon) in pg/L was then analyzed from the counts. The nano-and microplankton groups recorded in the system were cyanobacteria, chlorophytes, cryptophytes, dinoflagellates, ciliates and diatoms. Seventy eight phytoplankton taxa were identified composed of 56 diatoms, eight green algae, one cryptophyte, seven cyanobacteria and six dinoflagellate taxa. Nineteen ciliate taxa were also found. Only 12 of the diatom taxa identified in this study were listed by Johnson (1977), none of the taxa in the other phytoplankton groups was listed by Johnson (1977). The Johnson (1977) study conducted in the system from 1975-1977 listed the phytoplankton taxa occurring at that time. There was no significant difference in the community composition, biovolume and biomass between seasons hence no seasonal trend however, there were significant differences in the nano- and microplankton community composition, biovolume and biomass at the three different sites of the system. Cyanobacteria were the main taxa in the northern embayments dominating in abundance, biovolume and biomass (biological variables), green algae and cryptophytes dominated in abundance,… Advisors/Committee Members: Scharler, Ursula Michaela. (advisor), Tirok, Katrin. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Marine biology.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Fru Azinwi, N. (2013). The dynamics of nano- and microplankton in the St. Lucia estuarine lake system, KwaZulu-Natal. (Masters Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11169

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fru Azinwi, Nche-Fambo. “The dynamics of nano- and microplankton in the St. Lucia estuarine lake system, KwaZulu-Natal.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11169.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fru Azinwi, Nche-Fambo. “The dynamics of nano- and microplankton in the St. Lucia estuarine lake system, KwaZulu-Natal.” 2013. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Fru Azinwi N. The dynamics of nano- and microplankton in the St. Lucia estuarine lake system, KwaZulu-Natal. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11169.

Council of Science Editors:

Fru Azinwi N. The dynamics of nano- and microplankton in the St. Lucia estuarine lake system, KwaZulu-Natal. [Masters Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11169

University of KwaZulu-Natal

6. Robey, James. An assessment of abundance trends and biology of langoustines (Metanephrops mozambicus) and pink prawns (Haliporoides triarthrus) from the deep-water trawl fishery off eastern South Africa.

Degree: MS, Marine biology, 2013, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9932

► Deep-water trawling (>200 m deep) for crustaceans in the South West Indian Ocean (SWIO) yields catches of several species, including prawns (Haliporoides triarthrus, Aristaeomorpha foliacea,… (more)

▼ Deep-water trawling (>200 m deep) for crustaceans in the South West Indian Ocean (SWIO) yields catches of several species, including prawns (Haliporoides triarthrus, Aristaeomorpha foliacea, Aristeus antennatus and Aristeus virilis), langoustine (Metanephrops mozambicus), spiny lobster (Palinurus delagoae) and geryonid crab (Chaceon macphersoni). Infrequent deep-water trawling takes place off Tanzania, Kenya and Madagascar; however, well-established fisheries operate off Mozambique and South Africa. Regular trawling off South Africa started in the 1970’s, mainly targeting M .mozambicus and H. triarthrus. Catch and effort data for the South African fishery were regularly recorded in skipper logbooks over a 23 year period (1988 – 2010); this database was obtained from the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF) in order to assess abundance trends of M. mozambicus and H. triarthrus. Generalized linear models (GLM) were used to quantify the effects of year, month, depth and vessel on catch per unit effort (CPUE). By year, the standardized CPUE of M. mozambicus increased, and three factors (or a combination of them) could explain the trend: reduced effort saturation, improved gear and technology, or an increase in abundance. By month, CPUE peaked in July and was highest between depths of 300 and 399 m. The standardized CPUE of H. triarthrus fluctuated more by year than for M. mozambicus, possibly because it is a shorter-lived and faster growing species. The monthly CPUE peaked in March, and was highest between depths of 400 and 499 m. Totals of 2 033 M. mozambicus (1 041 males and 992 females) and 5 927 H. triarthrus (2 938 males and 2 989 females) were sampled at sea between December 2010 and March 2012, during quarterly trips on-board a fishing trawler. A GLM framework was used to explore their size composition, sex ratio variability, size at maturity and reproductive cycles. Male and female M. mozambicus size distributions were similar, but varied by month and decreased as depth increased. Female H. triarthrus were significant larger than males; size structure varied by month, but showed no change over depth. The sex ratio of M. mozambicus favoured males (1 : 0.89), but was close to parity in all months, except November when males predominated. H. triarthrus exhibited parity (1 : 1.002) with no significant variations in sex ratios by month. The proportion of egg-bearing M. mozambicus in the population declined between March and August (hatching period) and then increased until December (spawning period). The L₅₀ (length at 50% maturity) of M. mozambicus was estimated to be 49.4 mm carapace length (CL), and the smallest and largest observed egg-bearing females were 33.5 and 68.6 mm, respectively. No reproductively active female H. triarthrus were recorded during the sampling period. Growth parameter estimates for M. mozambicus (male and female combined) using Fabens method were K = 0.48 yearˉ¹ and L∞ = 76.4 mm CL. Estimates for the von Bertalanffy growth formula (VBGF) were: K = 0.45 yearˉ¹… Advisors/Committee Members: Groeneveld, Johan. (advisor), Fennessy, Sean Thomas. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Marine biology.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Robey, J. (2013). An assessment of abundance trends and biology of langoustines (Metanephrops mozambicus) and pink prawns (Haliporoides triarthrus) from the deep-water trawl fishery off eastern South Africa. (Masters Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9932

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Robey, James. “An assessment of abundance trends and biology of langoustines (Metanephrops mozambicus) and pink prawns (Haliporoides triarthrus) from the deep-water trawl fishery off eastern South Africa.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9932.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Robey, James. “An assessment of abundance trends and biology of langoustines (Metanephrops mozambicus) and pink prawns (Haliporoides triarthrus) from the deep-water trawl fishery off eastern South Africa.” 2013. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Robey J. An assessment of abundance trends and biology of langoustines (Metanephrops mozambicus) and pink prawns (Haliporoides triarthrus) from the deep-water trawl fishery off eastern South Africa. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9932.

Council of Science Editors:

Robey J. An assessment of abundance trends and biology of langoustines (Metanephrops mozambicus) and pink prawns (Haliporoides triarthrus) from the deep-water trawl fishery off eastern South Africa. [Masters Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9932

University of KwaZulu-Natal

7. Foulis, Alan. A retrospective analysis of shark catches made by pelagic longliners off the east coast of South Africa and biology and life history of shortfin mako shark, Isurus oxyrinchus.

Degree: MS, Marine biology, 2013, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9987

► Oceanic pelagic shark species are under threat worldwide as fishing effort increases and they are taken as both targeted and bycatch. It is widely recognized… (more)

▼ Oceanic pelagic shark species are under threat worldwide as fishing effort increases and they are taken as both targeted and bycatch. It is widely recognized that the life history characteristics of sharks make them inherently susceptible to overexploitation and as a result many shark-directed fisheries have collapsed. It is therefore essential that good-quality data are collected and analyzed in order to provide fisheries managers with the right information to manage these species sustainably. South Africa has a pelagic longline fishery which includes tuna-, swordfish-, and shark-directed vessels. This study analyzed logbook (1998 – 2010) and observer data (2002 – 2010) provided by the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in order to assess the catch composition and standardized catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) of sharks captured as both targeted catch and bycatch. The study area consisted of four zones moving east of the 20°E meridian: the Agulhas Bank (20°E – 24°E), South Coast (25°E – 29°E), East Coast 1 (30°E – 32.8°E), and East Coast 2 (32.9°E – 36.5°E). The majority of fishing effort targeted at tuna was focused on the Agulhas Bank and consisted of foreign vessels which operated over the winter months, whereas local vessels targeted swordfish with consistent year-round effort along the upper east coast. Sharks made up 13% of total catches according to logbook data and catch composition was dominated by blue shark (Prionace glauca) and shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus). Observer data identified a larger number of shark species than shown by logbooks, and notably, the crocodile shark (Pseudocarcharias kamoharai) made up 22.5% of shark bycatch on swordfish-directed vessels operating along the upper east coast. In addition, the observer data showed that although blue and mako shark dominated catches in the Agulhas Bank and South coast zones, carcharhinid sharks were more prevalent further east. Generalized linear models explained 54% of the variation in CPUE of shark bycatch, with year and target species being the two most important explanatory variables. The standardized CPUE index based on logbook data suggested a slightly increasing shark abundance trend between 1998 and 2010, but conversely, the index based on observer data suggested a decline between 2002 and 2010. Assuming that the observer data best reflected the actual CPUE trend (i.e. a declining trend), the increasing trend shown by logbooks over the same period most likely stems from initial under-reporting of shark capture events by skippers, followed by improved reporting in later years, thus masking the declining trend. Catch by target species revealed that swordfish vessels caught significantly more sharks per 1000 hooks than tuna vessels. The shortfin mako shark was one of the most common bycatch species, and also the primary target species of the shark-directed fishery. Generalized linear models of shortfin mako shark CPUE using the delta method produced similar trends than models of total shark bycatch; i.e. trends based on… Advisors/Committee Members: Groeneveld, Johan. (advisor), Dudley, Sheldon. (advisor), Glassom, David. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Marine biology.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Foulis, A. (2013). A retrospective analysis of shark catches made by pelagic longliners off the east coast of South Africa and biology and life history of shortfin mako shark, Isurus oxyrinchus. (Masters Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9987

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Foulis, Alan. “A retrospective analysis of shark catches made by pelagic longliners off the east coast of South Africa and biology and life history of shortfin mako shark, Isurus oxyrinchus.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9987.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Foulis, Alan. “A retrospective analysis of shark catches made by pelagic longliners off the east coast of South Africa and biology and life history of shortfin mako shark, Isurus oxyrinchus.” 2013. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Foulis A. A retrospective analysis of shark catches made by pelagic longliners off the east coast of South Africa and biology and life history of shortfin mako shark, Isurus oxyrinchus. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9987.

Council of Science Editors:

Foulis A. A retrospective analysis of shark catches made by pelagic longliners off the east coast of South Africa and biology and life history of shortfin mako shark, Isurus oxyrinchus. [Masters Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9987

University of KwaZulu-Natal

8. Raw, Jacqueline Leoni. Chemical cue interactions between alien invasive and native aquatic gastropods in the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa.

Degree: Marine biology, 2013, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11541

► The importance of chemical cues in mediating interactions among individuals and structuring communities is being increasingly recognized in aquatic environments. Chemical cues have been shown… (more)

▼ The importance of chemical cues in mediating interactions among individuals and structuring communities is being increasingly recognized in aquatic environments. Chemical cues have been shown to drive predator-prey interactions in which behavioural responses in terms of movement have been reported. The role of chemical cues in mediating interactions between heterospecific competitors, in which there is an observed behavioural response, has not been previously investigated. This research project has used the biological invasion of Tarebia granifera, a caenogastropod endemic to south-east Asia, to determine the role of chemical cues in driving displacement interactions with native gastropods within coastal lakes and estuarine environments of the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, in northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. An experimental approach was used to measure behavioural responses of gastropods to chemical cue treatments by quantifying components of movement. Responses of three dominant native gastropods within Lake St Lucia were tested in a preliminary in situ experiment. The mean Displacement, mean Number of Steps and grand mean Turning Angle were determined from recorded pathways of individual gastropods using image-processing software. Responses to chemical cues released by T. granifera were significantly different and negative in comparison to the control and conspecific chemical cue treatments. Following these results, the experiment was repeated and refined to include responses between native heterospecific gastropods from populations within the larger geographical range of the iSimangaliso Wetland Park. Additionally, the case of whether the observed responses could be attributed to build up of metabolic waste products was also investigated. The results confirmed those of the preliminary in situ study. Negative responses were only reported for gastropods which did not have a shared evolutionary history with T. granifera, irrespective of metabolic waste concentrations Native gastropods moved away from chemical cues released by T. granifera using a directed orientation mechanism. Interestingly, native gastropods did not exhibit this behavioural response to chemical cues of other heterospecifics. This suggests that T. granifera has developed chemical cues under evolutionary pressure, which act as deterrent on naïve gastropods. The implications for these responses are considered within the framework of Movement Ecology with contributions to Chemical Ecology. The potential of this interaction as a mechanism of invasion to be included within spread models is discussed. Advisors/Committee Members: Perissinotto, Renzo. (advisor), Miranda, Nelson Augusto Feranandes. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Marine biology.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Raw, J. L. (2013). Chemical cue interactions between alien invasive and native aquatic gastropods in the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11541

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Raw, Jacqueline Leoni. “Chemical cue interactions between alien invasive and native aquatic gastropods in the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa.” 2013. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11541.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Raw, Jacqueline Leoni. “Chemical cue interactions between alien invasive and native aquatic gastropods in the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa.” 2013. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Raw JL. Chemical cue interactions between alien invasive and native aquatic gastropods in the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11541.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Raw JL. Chemical cue interactions between alien invasive and native aquatic gastropods in the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11541

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of KwaZulu-Natal

9. Cisneros, Kelly Ortega. Ecosystem functioning of selected estuaries on the east coast of South Africa.

Degree: Marine biology, 2013, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11207

► River inflow is one of the most important factors influencing the density and biomass of estuarine biotic communities. The aim of this study was to… (more)

▼ River inflow is one of the most important factors influencing the density and biomass of estuarine biotic communities. The aim of this study was to obtain an understanding of the ecosystem functioning of selected estuaries on the east coast of South Africa and to represent their dynamics through ecosystem models. The responses of water column nutrients, plankton density and biomass to inlet phase changes for 16 temporarily open/closed estuaries (TOCEs) in South Africa were first determined. This analysis demonstrated that inlet phase and the duration of mouth closure were the most important factors determining plankton density and biomass of the analysed TOCEs. Estimates of planktonic standing stocks for four of these estuaries revealed that stocks can be from 26 to 10 000 times higher during the closed compared to the open phase. Also, slightly higher variability of planktonic density and biomass was recorded during the closed phase of TOCEs. The second major thrust of this study was to analyse the variability and temporal stability of planktonic and macrobenthic invertebrate density and biomass in two KwaZulu-Natal estuaries over a dry/wet cycle. The results suggest that “stable” variability and species synchronization could be the mechanisms whereby the estuarine biota of these systems compensate for environmental changes and attain a degree of environmental homeostasis. The third major thrust involved an assessment of the spatio-temporal variations in the elemental composition and stoichiometry of suspended and sediment detritus, zooplankton and macrobenthic taxa from two estuaries over a dry/wet cycle. Significant seasonal variations in the elemental composition of detritus, zooplankton and macrobenthic species were found, with the variations in the elemental content of sediment and suspended detritus being related to the seasonal changes in river inflow, while the among-taxa variability was mainly explained by feeding mode. Finally, static seasonal carbon and nitrogen ecosystem network models were developed for the East Kleinemonde, Mlalazi and Mpenjati estuaries to investigate their nutrient dynamics and ecosystem functioning. The results indicated that the East Kleinemonde and Mpenjati estuaries were mainly dependent on primary producers during the dry season, especially the high standing stocks of phytoplankton and microphytobenthos. Similarly, the dependency on detritus was higher during the wet season due to the high riverine imports during this season. Consequently, higher detritivory was recorded in all three study systems during the wet season. Cycling of nitrogen was higher than of carbon on a seasonal basis, with higher recycling of nitrogen during the dry season implying a lower availability of this element due to reduced freshwater inflow and nutrient input during the low rainfall period. System indices indicated that the organization of these systems was higher during the dry season, while the overheads on imports and exports peaked during the wet season. The ecosystem models analysed here provide… Advisors/Committee Members: Scharler, Ursula Michaela. (advisor), Whitfield, Alan K. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Marine biology.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Cisneros, K. O. (2013). Ecosystem functioning of selected estuaries on the east coast of South Africa. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11207

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cisneros, Kelly Ortega. “Ecosystem functioning of selected estuaries on the east coast of South Africa.” 2013. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11207.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cisneros, Kelly Ortega. “Ecosystem functioning of selected estuaries on the east coast of South Africa.” 2013. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Cisneros KO. Ecosystem functioning of selected estuaries on the east coast of South Africa. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11207.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Cisneros KO. Ecosystem functioning of selected estuaries on the east coast of South Africa. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11207

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of KwaZulu-Natal

10. Reddy, Mageshnee Mayshree. Molecular phylogeny and population genetic structure of the shallow-water spiny lobster Panulirus homarus in the South West Indian Ocean region : implications for management.

Degree: MS, Marine biology, 2013, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10131

► The scalloped spiny lobster, Panulirus homarus has a subspecies trio that are widely distributed in shallow-water habitats in the South West Indian Ocean. Subspecies are… (more)

▼ The scalloped spiny lobster, Panulirus homarus has a subspecies trio that are widely distributed in shallow-water habitats in the South West Indian Ocean. Subspecies are defined by differences in colour and abdominal sculptural pattern. A red variety with the megasculptural carapace pattern, P. h. rubellus is distributed along the south east coast of Africa and Madagascar, where they are endemic. Along the African coast P. h. rubellus stocks traverse political boundaries, Mozambique and South Africa. This project aimed to facilitate regional fisheries management of shared stocks by employing genetic tools to determine whether stocks (or populations) are indeed shared between countries. Lobster samples were collected from seven localities throughout the east African coast. The mitochondrial cyctochrome c oxidase subunit 1 region was sequenced to assess the genetic diversity 1) between different subspecies, P. h. homarus and P. h. rubellus and 2) between populations of P. h. rubellus across its African distribution range. Using DNA barcoding methods, genetic diversity was also found between morphologically distinct subspecies, Panulirus homarus homarus and P. h. rubellus which differed genetically by ca. 2-3% in sequence divergence. Both subspecies were monophyletic relative to the out-group taxa and formed well supported sister clades (BI: 1.00, ML: 93%, P: 100%, NJ: 100%). The distribution of P. h. rubellus along the African coast occurs adjacent to different current regimes and therefore varied larval transport modes (i.e. Agulhas Current and inshore countercurrents along the Eastern Cape). This may have driven the formation of subpopulations (ΦPT = 0.104, p = 0.010) which differ by ca. 1.7% in sequence difference. The pattern of gene flow of populations of P. h. rubellus lends support to the Agulhas Current being a major mode of larval transport as well as corroborates previous abundance and distribution records. Time since population expansion estimates for the P. h. homarus and P. h. rubellus subspecies as well as for the P. h. rubellus subpopulations dated back to the mid-Holocene Epoch in accordance with a warmer, more stable marine environment. Genetically distinct subspecies of P. homarus as well as differentiated subpopulations of P. h. rubellus calls for a re-visit of the current collective management of P. homarus as well as P. h. rubellus as a single genetic stock along the south east African coast. Advisors/Committee Members: Macdonald, Angus Hector Harold. (advisor), Schleyer, Michael H. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Marine biology.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Reddy, M. M. (2013). Molecular phylogeny and population genetic structure of the shallow-water spiny lobster Panulirus homarus in the South West Indian Ocean region : implications for management. (Masters Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10131

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Reddy, Mageshnee Mayshree. “Molecular phylogeny and population genetic structure of the shallow-water spiny lobster Panulirus homarus in the South West Indian Ocean region : implications for management.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10131.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Reddy, Mageshnee Mayshree. “Molecular phylogeny and population genetic structure of the shallow-water spiny lobster Panulirus homarus in the South West Indian Ocean region : implications for management.” 2013. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Reddy MM. Molecular phylogeny and population genetic structure of the shallow-water spiny lobster Panulirus homarus in the South West Indian Ocean region : implications for management. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10131.

Council of Science Editors:

Reddy MM. Molecular phylogeny and population genetic structure of the shallow-water spiny lobster Panulirus homarus in the South West Indian Ocean region : implications for management. [Masters Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10131

University of KwaZulu-Natal

11. Jones, Salome. Impact of turbidity on pseudodiaptomus stuhlmanni, a dominant copepod in Lake St Lucia, iSimangaliso Wetland Park.

Degree: Marine biology, 2015, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/12521

► Although the St Lucia Estuary is a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance, it has historically been subjected to human-accelerated ecological stressors. One of these is… (more)

▼ Although the St Lucia Estuary is a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance, it has historically been subjected to human-accelerated ecological stressors. One of these is high turbidity resulting from excessive sediment inputs. Laboratory-based studies have revealed a negative turbidity effect on the feeding and mortality rate of two dominant zooplankton species, the mysid Mesopodopsis africana and the calanoid copepod Acartiella natalensis. The first aim of this study was to determine the effect of turbidity on the feeding, respiration, and mortality rate of another important calanoid, Pseudodiaptomus stuhlmanni. Although this species was negatively affected by high turbidity, it was substantially more tolerant than M. africana and A. natalensis. The second aim was to test the field response of the dominant St Lucia zooplankton to a silt plume-causing flood event that occurred in March 2014. As M. africana was not abundant in the system prior to this event, attention was paid to the copepods. The field response of A. natalensis and P. stuhlmanni were in good agreement with the findings from the laboratory-based experiments. The population of A. natalensis underwent an immediate, and sharp decline, whereas that of P. stuhlmanni only declined in April 2014, after a month of surviving in highly turbid waters. However, P. stuhlmanni also took longer to recover, but this may be attributed to the attachment of parasitic epibiotic ciliates to this species. Therefore, although to different degrees, turbidity negatively impacted the dominant St Lucia zooplankton species. Through its observed positive correlation with the parasitic ciliates, turbidity further suppressed the abundance of the most turbid-water tolerant species, P. stuhlmanni. The importance of carefully managing sediment loading in St Lucia is stressed, as the effect of turbidity on zooplankton likely has food web-wide consequences. Advisors/Committee Members: Perissinotto, Renzo. (advisor), Carrasco, Nicola Kim. (advisor), Vosloo, Andre. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Marine biology.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Jones, S. (2015). Impact of turbidity on pseudodiaptomus stuhlmanni, a dominant copepod in Lake St Lucia, iSimangaliso Wetland Park. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10413/12521

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jones, Salome. “Impact of turbidity on pseudodiaptomus stuhlmanni, a dominant copepod in Lake St Lucia, iSimangaliso Wetland Park.” 2015. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/12521.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jones, Salome. “Impact of turbidity on pseudodiaptomus stuhlmanni, a dominant copepod in Lake St Lucia, iSimangaliso Wetland Park.” 2015. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Jones S. Impact of turbidity on pseudodiaptomus stuhlmanni, a dominant copepod in Lake St Lucia, iSimangaliso Wetland Park. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/12521.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Jones S. Impact of turbidity on pseudodiaptomus stuhlmanni, a dominant copepod in Lake St Lucia, iSimangaliso Wetland Park. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/12521

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of KwaZulu-Natal

12. Hein, Liesel. Biodiversity of soft sediment macrobenthic fauna of the KwaZulu-Natal Bight midshelf.

Degree: MS, Marine biology, 2013, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11133

► The KwaZulu-Natal Bight is influenced by various nutrient inputs from the Thukela River and particular oceanographic features of the shelf such as the St Lucia… (more)

▼ The KwaZulu-Natal Bight is influenced by various nutrient inputs from the Thukela River and particular oceanographic features of the shelf such as the St Lucia upwelling cell and the Durban lee eddy that are in turn associated with Agulhas Current behaviour. Little is known about KZN Bight community dynamics of most faunal groups and so knowledge about the ecological functioning of this system as a whole is lacking. To address this, a large multidisciplinary project on the Bight was conducted through the African Coelacanth Ecosystem Programme. One aim of the programme was to establish whether nutrient inputs have significant impacts on this oligotrophic shelf and if so, how? This study looked at the macrobenthic compartment to examine variations in diversity across the KZN Bight in the midshelf habitat only. Changes in diversity were explained in relation to important habitat and/or process drivers. Replicated biological and sediment samples were collected in and between the three focus areas of high nutrient input along the Bight spanning an area from Durban to just south of the St Lucia Estuary mouth. Samples were collected twice at the same stations, once during a wet period (February 2010) and once during a dry period (August 2010). These periods were selected to represent high and low outflow and thus potentially higher and lower nutrient inputs to the Bight, respectively. Macrobenthos collected by 0.2m2 Van Veen grab were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level and resulting data were analysed using combinations of univariate and multivariate statistical procedures. Diversity was described using well-published techniques that related to community Alpha () and Beta (β) diversity and including several newer methods such as Taxonomic Diversity indices (Taxonomic Distinctness (Δ*), Average Taxonomic Distinctness (Δ+), Variation in Taxonomic Distinctness (Λ+)) to determine the taxonomic relatedness of macrobenthic communities within the study area. Midshelf macrobenthic community  and β diversity was highly variable across the shelf with no distinct patterns related to focus area. Diversity values were however similar to values obtained in what are considered highly diverse tropical and high latitude shelves. Diversity was then related to hydrographic parameters measured on the Bight to understand the possible indirect or direct roles the Agulhas Current and Thukela River have in maintaining the macrobenthos. Findings were that diversity was only weakly related to measured environmental variables suggesting far more complex interactions in the biophysical environment of the Bight. This was highlighted by the finding that alpha and beta diversity measures had complimentary relationships as an inverse trend was found between these measures along the KZN Bight. Thus, more detailed systematic studies on the Bight are needed to fully understand the role and supply of nutrients on specific communities and how these pertain to the ecological function of the whole shelf… Advisors/Committee Members: Mackay, Christine Fiona. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Marine biology.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Hein, L. (2013). Biodiversity of soft sediment macrobenthic fauna of the KwaZulu-Natal Bight midshelf. (Masters Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11133

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hein, Liesel. “Biodiversity of soft sediment macrobenthic fauna of the KwaZulu-Natal Bight midshelf.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11133.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hein, Liesel. “Biodiversity of soft sediment macrobenthic fauna of the KwaZulu-Natal Bight midshelf.” 2013. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Hein L. Biodiversity of soft sediment macrobenthic fauna of the KwaZulu-Natal Bight midshelf. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11133.

Council of Science Editors:

Hein L. Biodiversity of soft sediment macrobenthic fauna of the KwaZulu-Natal Bight midshelf. [Masters Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11133

University of KwaZulu-Natal

13. Khuzwayo, Sharon J. Evaluating the thermal stress response of South African abalone, Haliotis midae, to biogeographical temperature variability.

Degree: Marine biology, 2014, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11229

► A gradient of sea temperatures is created along the South African coastline by the confluence of the cold Benguela Current on the West coast with… (more)

▼ A gradient of sea temperatures is created along the South African coastline by the confluence of the cold Benguela Current on the West coast with the warm Agulhas Current on the East coast. This temperature gradient allows for an assortment of species to occupy the variety of microenvironments occurring in this area. Amongst these species is commercially important South African abalone, Haliotis midae, which although being capable of existing across this wide range of temperatures grows larger on the cooler West coast. Abalone reared on the warmer East coast however, experience greater mortalities especially during the more thermally variable summer months. The aim of the study was thus to assess the zone of tolerance for H. midae by exposing abalone to fluctuating temperatures in an attempt to model environmental temperature instability, a scenario which may likely be worsened by global climate change. Animals from the West and East coasts were exposed to two thermal treatments of fluctuating temperatures with the first group being kept at 16°C±2 and the second group kept at 16°C±4. The control group was maintained at a constant 16°C indicating that the mean temperature experienced by all three groups was 16°C. Oxygen consumption, nitrogen excretion and O:N ratio were assessed at the organismal level to give an indication of metabolic rate, amount of protein excreted and type of metabolic substrate utilized respectively. At the biochemical level, D-lactate accumulation was quantified to indicate whether metabolism was proceeding aerobically or anaerobically. Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression and degree of carbonylation were analyzed at the proteomic level with Hsp70 also being assessed at the transcriptomic level. All biological responses were measured at days 1, 3, 7 and 14 of the two week exposure. Oxygen consumption rates were significantly elevated on day 14 when comparing treatment group animals to control group animals of the same biogeographic region. P < 0.05 for both treatment groups from the West coast, while P < 0.001 for the East coast treatment groups. The ammonia excretion rates of the West coast animals were significantly lower than those of the controls at day 14 with P < 0.001 for both treatment groups, while ammonia excretion rates were elevated in East coast animals at day 14, although not significantly. Trends similar to those seen for ammonia excretion rates were exhibited by O:N ratios. West coast animals showed lower than control O:N ratios at day 14 (P < 0.01 for both treatment groups) while East coast animals displayed higher than control values (P < 0.05 only for the 16°C±2 group) at day 14. D-lactate, having been detected only for the West coast animals, showed no significant differences but large degrees of variation were noted on days 1 and 7. Carbonylation was evident for animals from both biogeographic regions with baseline carbonyl accumulation for East coast animals being greater (non-significantly) than that of the West coast animals. The hsp70 gene expression remained low… Advisors/Committee Members: Vosloo, Andre. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Marine biology.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Khuzwayo, S. J. (2014). Evaluating the thermal stress response of South African abalone, Haliotis midae, to biogeographical temperature variability. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11229

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Khuzwayo, Sharon J. “Evaluating the thermal stress response of South African abalone, Haliotis midae, to biogeographical temperature variability.” 2014. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11229.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Khuzwayo, Sharon J. “Evaluating the thermal stress response of South African abalone, Haliotis midae, to biogeographical temperature variability.” 2014. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Khuzwayo SJ. Evaluating the thermal stress response of South African abalone, Haliotis midae, to biogeographical temperature variability. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11229.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Khuzwayo SJ. Evaluating the thermal stress response of South African abalone, Haliotis midae, to biogeographical temperature variability. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11229

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of KwaZulu-Natal

14. Untiedt, Candice Bobby. Community structure and function of macrobenthos in three feature areas of the Natal Bight, South Africa.

Degree: MS, Marine biology, 2013, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10978

► The Natal Bight off the east coast of South Africa is a unique shelf habitat, exhibiting high secondary productivity and supporting high diversity. Ecosystem attributes… (more)

▼ The Natal Bight off the east coast of South Africa is a unique shelf habitat, exhibiting high secondary productivity and supporting high diversity. Ecosystem attributes are influenced by local oceanographic features and outwelling via one of the largest rivers in the country. This study forms part of a larger, multi-institutional, multi-disciplinary study under the second phase of the African Coelacanth Ecosystem Programme (ACEP II) Natal Bight Project, investigating how material sources, posited to be derived from these features, shape the ecological structure and functioning of the region. Macrobenthic samples were collected along cross shelf transects off Richard’s Bay, Durban and the Thukela River mouth during two cruises, corresponding with periods of variable rainfall. Macrobenthic communities were classified taxonomically, to the lowest level possible, and functionally. Community patterns were investigated within and between feature areas and related to measurable environmental factors in order to determine environmental drivers and assess the importance of identified oceanographic features. Environmental parameters measured included sedimentary characteristics as well as physico-chemical conditions in the surrounding pelagic milieu. A total of 38 215 individuals belonging to 826 taxa were recorded from the three feature areas, of which the majority were Polychaeta and Crustacea. An in-depth investigation of the polychaete component has shown that this group can be used as a proxy for the whole macrobenthic community which has important implications for future studies. Facultative feeding modes dominated the trophic functioning macrobenthic communities sampled on the Natal Bight. Primary community metrics of abundance and numbers of macrobenthic taxa were reduced from the high to low rainfall period but differences were not significant, probably due to the lack of temporal repetition. The Thukela feature area was found to support the most abundant and taxon rich macrobenthic community. Mid-shelf stations sampled along the Thukela and Durban transects were in close proximity to the coarse paleo-dune cordon, running along the 60 m isobath and supported a diverse assemblage. Despite the lack of temporal repetition in the present study, there were significant short-term changes in the structure and functioning of macrobenthic communities on the Thukela shelf. This suggests that Thukela River outflow has a significant effect on the functioning of the Natal Bight ecosystem. This was surprising given the importance which has previously been placed on the Cape St. Lucia upwelling cell in terms of contributing nutrients and sustaining biological productivity and diversity on the Natal Bight. Advisors/Committee Members: Mackay, Christine Fiona. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Marine biology.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Untiedt, C. B. (2013). Community structure and function of macrobenthos in three feature areas of the Natal Bight, South Africa. (Masters Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10978

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Untiedt, Candice Bobby. “Community structure and function of macrobenthos in three feature areas of the Natal Bight, South Africa.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10978.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Untiedt, Candice Bobby. “Community structure and function of macrobenthos in three feature areas of the Natal Bight, South Africa.” 2013. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Untiedt CB. Community structure and function of macrobenthos in three feature areas of the Natal Bight, South Africa. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10978.

Council of Science Editors:

Untiedt CB. Community structure and function of macrobenthos in three feature areas of the Natal Bight, South Africa. [Masters Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10978

University of Cape Town

15. Mead, Angela. Climate and Bioinvasives drivers of change on South African Rocky shores?.

Degree: Image, Biological Sciences, 2011, University of Cape Town

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11308

► The overall aims of the thesis were to assess spatio-temporal change in macro species assemblages at sites located around the South African coast. Detected changes… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Marine Biology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mead, A. (2011). Climate and Bioinvasives drivers of change on South African Rocky shores?. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11308

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mead, Angela. “Climate and Bioinvasives drivers of change on South African Rocky shores?.” 2011. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11308.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mead, Angela. “Climate and Bioinvasives drivers of change on South African Rocky shores?.” 2011. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Mead A. Climate and Bioinvasives drivers of change on South African Rocky shores?. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11308.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Mead A. Climate and Bioinvasives drivers of change on South African Rocky shores?. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11308

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Cape Town

16. Shuuluka, Diina. Ecophysiological studies of three South African Ulva species from integrated seaweed.

Degree: Image, Biological Sciences, 2011, University of Cape Town

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10903

► In South Africa, Ulva cultivation is of paramount importance to the marine aquaculture industry. Three local Ulva species (Ulva lactuca Linnaeus, Ulva rigida C. Agardh… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Marine Biology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Shuuluka, D. (2011). Ecophysiological studies of three South African Ulva species from integrated seaweed. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10903

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Shuuluka, Diina. “Ecophysiological studies of three South African Ulva species from integrated seaweed.” 2011. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10903.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Shuuluka, Diina. “Ecophysiological studies of three South African Ulva species from integrated seaweed.” 2011. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Shuuluka D. Ecophysiological studies of three South African Ulva species from integrated seaweed. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10903.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Shuuluka D. Ecophysiological studies of three South African Ulva species from integrated seaweed. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10903

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

17. Wilkinson, Erin B. Consumptive And Non-Consumptive Effects Of Predatory Fishes On Lobster In Southern Maine.

Degree: MSin Marine Sciences, Marine Science, 2013, University of New England

URL: https://dune.une.edu/theses/105

► The American lobster, Homarus americanus, is an important consumer in the Gulf of Maine benthic community and supports the most valuable fishery in New… (more)

▼ The American lobster, Homarus americanus, is an important consumer in the Gulf of Maine benthic community and supports the most valuable fishery in New England. Many fish predators that feed on juvenile lobster are found in the Gulf of Maine, but their abundance has varied over the previous decades. For example, striped bass, Morone saxatilis, have recovered from near extinction to become a viable recreational fishery on the east coast, and previous work examining the gut contents of striped bass found that juvenile lobsters were a large component of their diet during the summer in Massachusetts. However, striped bass diet has not been examined extensively in the Gulf of Maine and this raises questions as to how important lobster may be to striped bass diet in southern Maine coastal waters. There are also many management strategies in place to help restore other fish species known to consume juvenile lobster, such as Atlantic cod, to the Gulf of Maine. It has been suggested that the abundance of lobster may be inversely related to the abundance of coastal groundfish in the Gulf of Maine. In addition to consumptive effects through feeding activity these predators may also have non-consumptive effects on their targeted prey species by causing lobster to alter their behaviors. It is unclear what consumptive and non-consumptive effects the return of these large fish predators may be having on juvenile lobster in the Gulf of Maine. Chapter 1 examines the food habits of striped bass in Southern Maine coastal waters, with an emphasis on how important lobster is to their diet. Using stomach contents and stable isotope analysis I found that for all sizes of striped bass small pelagic fish species made of the majority of diet, and for large and extra-large fish crustaceans (lobster) were found more often than in the stomachs of smaller fish. Stable isotope analysis revealed that larger striped bass expressed stronger benthic signals of δ13C, indicating that prey such as lobsters are more important to larger striped bass diet in Southern Maine than stomach contents revealed. The 2nd chapter presented here examines what sizes of juvenile lobsters are most susceptible to predation, and how juvenile lobster anti-predator response varies among different predators (striped bass, cod, and sea raven). I found that small lobsters (<45mm carapace length) are most susceptible to predation, and observed that the strength of anti-predator responses displayed by lobster varied with predator type. Lobsters reacted to the presence of Atlantic cod or sea raven by decreasing activity levels and increasing shelter use, but did not alter behavior in the presence of striped bass. This varying level of response seems consistent with differences in predator foraging modality. Taken together, the results of these two studies can be used to increase our understanding of what long term consumptive and non-consumptive effects can be expected for juvenile lobsters in southern Maine if we continue to see the… Advisors/Committee Members: Phil Yund, Jonathan Grabowski, Kathryn Ono.

Subjects/Keywords: Marine Biology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wilkinson, E. B. (2013). Consumptive And Non-Consumptive Effects Of Predatory Fishes On Lobster In Southern Maine. (Thesis). University of New England. Retrieved from https://dune.une.edu/theses/105

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wilkinson, Erin B. “Consumptive And Non-Consumptive Effects Of Predatory Fishes On Lobster In Southern Maine.” 2013. Thesis, University of New England. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://dune.une.edu/theses/105.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wilkinson, Erin B. “Consumptive And Non-Consumptive Effects Of Predatory Fishes On Lobster In Southern Maine.” 2013. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Wilkinson EB. Consumptive And Non-Consumptive Effects Of Predatory Fishes On Lobster In Southern Maine. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of New England; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://dune.une.edu/theses/105.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wilkinson EB. Consumptive And Non-Consumptive Effects Of Predatory Fishes On Lobster In Southern Maine. [Thesis]. University of New England; 2013. Available from: https://dune.une.edu/theses/105

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

18. Prochaska, Elizabeth A. Examination Of Larval Transport, Distribution And Hybridization Patterns Of Two Blue Mussel Species Mytilus Edulis And M. Trossulus In Machias Bay, Maine.

Degree: MSin Marine Sciences, Marine Science, 2015, University of New England

URL: https://dune.une.edu/theses/41

► Using an interdisciplinary approach, this study examined the population connectivity of the blue mussel Mytilus trossulus within Machias Bay, Maine, near its inshore southern… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Marine Biology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Prochaska, E. A. (2015). Examination Of Larval Transport, Distribution And Hybridization Patterns Of Two Blue Mussel Species Mytilus Edulis And M. Trossulus In Machias Bay, Maine. (Thesis). University of New England. Retrieved from https://dune.une.edu/theses/41

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Prochaska, Elizabeth A. “Examination Of Larval Transport, Distribution And Hybridization Patterns Of Two Blue Mussel Species Mytilus Edulis And M. Trossulus In Machias Bay, Maine.” 2015. Thesis, University of New England. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://dune.une.edu/theses/41.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Prochaska, Elizabeth A. “Examination Of Larval Transport, Distribution And Hybridization Patterns Of Two Blue Mussel Species Mytilus Edulis And M. Trossulus In Machias Bay, Maine.” 2015. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Prochaska EA. Examination Of Larval Transport, Distribution And Hybridization Patterns Of Two Blue Mussel Species Mytilus Edulis And M. Trossulus In Machias Bay, Maine. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of New England; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://dune.une.edu/theses/41.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Prochaska EA. Examination Of Larval Transport, Distribution And Hybridization Patterns Of Two Blue Mussel Species Mytilus Edulis And M. Trossulus In Machias Bay, Maine. [Thesis]. University of New England; 2015. Available from: https://dune.une.edu/theses/41

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Florida State University

19. Heil, Austin David. Life History, Diet, and Reproductive Dynamics of the Sheepshead (Archosargus Probatocephalus) in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico.

Degree: MS, Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, 2017, Florida State University

URL: http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_SUMMER2017_Heil_fsu_0071N_14125 ;

► Sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus) are a popular recreational fisheries species in the Gulf of Mexico. Unfortunately, the highest reported catch of this species occurs primarily during… (more)

▼ Sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus) are a popular recreational fisheries species in the Gulf of Mexico. Unfortunately, the highest reported catch of this species occurs primarily during their reproductive period. As a result, fishers have expressed their concerns to management about a potential overharvest. This research attempts to fill in the biological gaps for Sheepshead in order to provide management with information that will ensure future successful management practices. The specific goals of this research are to: (1) examine the life history of Sheepshead in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico (NE GOM), (2) understand the prey composition and feeding habits during their reproductive period, (3) determine the distribution of spawning adults, and (4) assess the spatial and temporal changes in abundance and population demographics on offshore sites. Sheepshead were captured from three unique habitats (nearshore estuaries, Sikes Cut, and offshore reefs) from January 2016- April 2017 in the NE GOM. Sheepshead were sampled exclusively during their reproductive period, which is from January through May, using a variety of different fishing methods. Otoliths were removed, sectioned and aged for 224 individuals. Von Bertalanffy growth equations were fit to the length-at-age data from this region. Growth was found to be variable across their geographic range. Maximum asymptotic length (441mm) and growth rate (0.24) were consistent with previous studies in Florida. Average age of Sheepshead was much higher than in other regions of Florida, potentially due to habitat degradation and development in the regions like Tampa Bay compared to the lack of development along the NE GOM’s “Forgotten Coast”. Stomach and intestinal contents were removed, identified to the highest taxonomic level, and the volumes were enumerated to assess for fullness. Contents and stomach fullness were compared across habitats. Multidimensional scaling plots with presence absence transformation of Sheepshead stomach content data were created using a Bray–Curtis similarity matrix. A one-way ANOSIM showed no significant (p=0.79) difference in Sheepshead diet by habitat type. This suggested feeding habits overlapped across habitat type. This could be a result of (1) similar prey items across habitats, (2) movement between habitats, or (3) different digestion rates of hard-bodied organisms. Sheepshead exhibited proportionally more empty stomachs and lower fullness scores offshore. Feeding was less frequent on offshore reefs, which could be due to less prey, energy reserves from past feeding events, or more focus on spawning. Gonads were removed, weighed, and either macroscopically staged (males), or histologically staged (females). Gonadosomatic indices, spawning activity, and histological stage were compared across three habitat sites. A higher proportion of active and imminent spawning individuals were found on offshore reefs and at Sikes Cut. Nearshore habitats exhibited a low proportion of spawning activity. This suggested nearshore habitats were… Advisors/Committee Members: Sandra Brooke (professor co-directing thesis), Jeffrey P. Chanton (professor co-directing thesis), Markus Huettel (committee member), Amy R. (Amy Rose) Baco-Taylor (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Marine biology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Heil, A. D. (2017). Life History, Diet, and Reproductive Dynamics of the Sheepshead (Archosargus Probatocephalus) in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico. (Masters Thesis). Florida State University. Retrieved from http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_SUMMER2017_Heil_fsu_0071N_14125 ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Heil, Austin David. “Life History, Diet, and Reproductive Dynamics of the Sheepshead (Archosargus Probatocephalus) in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Florida State University. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_SUMMER2017_Heil_fsu_0071N_14125 ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Heil, Austin David. “Life History, Diet, and Reproductive Dynamics of the Sheepshead (Archosargus Probatocephalus) in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico.” 2017. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Heil AD. Life History, Diet, and Reproductive Dynamics of the Sheepshead (Archosargus Probatocephalus) in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Florida State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_SUMMER2017_Heil_fsu_0071N_14125 ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Heil AD. Life History, Diet, and Reproductive Dynamics of the Sheepshead (Archosargus Probatocephalus) in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico. [Masters Thesis]. Florida State University; 2017. Available from: http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_SUMMER2017_Heil_fsu_0071N_14125 ;

Florida State University

20. Geyer, Natalie L. (Natalie Louise). Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Phytoplankton Distribution in a River-Dominated Estuary, Apalachicola Bay, Florida.

Degree: PhD, Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, 2017, Florida State University

URL: http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_SUMMER2017_Geyer_fsu_0071E_13866 ;

►

In the shallow, bar-built estuary Apalachicola Bay, the discharge of the Apalachicola River, the largest river in Florida by discharge volume, produces short residence times… (more)

▼

In the shallow, bar-built estuary Apalachicola Bay, the discharge of the Apalachicola River, the largest river in Florida by discharge volume, produces short residence times of water in the Bay and pronounced gradients in salinity and nutrients. This, in combination with wind- and tidal-driven circulation, generates an environment for plankton that is complex and highly dynamic. Understanding these dynamics and the factors controlling them is prerequisite for estimating phytoplankton biomass and productivity in such ecosystems. This research assessed the variability of estuarine phytoplankton in Apalachicola Bay at multiple temporal and spatial scales, utilizing high resolution spatial sampling, dye release experiments monitored with a drone, and a long-term record of water quality. Small-scale chlorophyll a (Chl a) peaks (1.3 ± 0.7 km wide) had steep gradients (3.0 ± 6.0 µg Chl a L-1 km-1) and accounted for 7.7 ± 2.7 % of the biomass observed with a flow-through water quality instrument. Winds, tides, and temperature affected Chl a peak characteristics, while the river plume front was a dynamic location of elevated Chl a. Horizontal dispersion of small-scale inert tracer patches (10-100 m) were faster than phytoplankton reproduction cycles, suggesting that small-scale phytoplankton patches may not be able to outpace physical dispersion in estuaries through growth. The evaluation of a 14-year time series of bay water quality data revealed that extreme river discharge events influenced intra- and interannual variability of Chl a. The nutrient buffering capacity of Apalachicola Bay, in conjunction with longer residence time, increased light penetration, and reduced grazing pressure, may mitigate the reduction of riverine nutrient input during drought. In contrast, tropical storms and high river discharge events may lead to periods of reduced phytoplankton biomass by increasing flushing rates of the estuary and reducing light availability. These new insights into the spatial and temporal variability of phytoplankton distribution and what’s controlling it helps coastal managers to understand how river discharge, winds, and tides affect biomass in bar-built estuaries.

A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science in partial fulfillment of the Doctor of Philosophy.

Spring Semester 2017.

April 13, 2017.

Drought, Estuaries, Phytoplankton, Rhodamine WT, River, Spatial variability

Markus Huettel, Professor Directing Dissertation; Thomas Miller, University Representative; Michael Wetz, Committee Member; Kevin Speer, Committee Member; William Landing, Committee Member.

Advisors/Committee Members: Markus Huettel (professor directing dissertation), Thomas E. (Professor of Biological Science) Miller (university representative), Michael S. Wetz (committee member), Kevin G. (Kevin George) Speer (committee member), William M. Landing (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Marine biology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Geyer, N. L. (. L. (2017). Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Phytoplankton Distribution in a River-Dominated Estuary, Apalachicola Bay, Florida. (Doctoral Dissertation). Florida State University. Retrieved from http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_SUMMER2017_Geyer_fsu_0071E_13866 ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Geyer, Natalie L (Natalie Louise). “Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Phytoplankton Distribution in a River-Dominated Estuary, Apalachicola Bay, Florida.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Florida State University. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_SUMMER2017_Geyer_fsu_0071E_13866 ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Geyer, Natalie L (Natalie Louise). “Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Phytoplankton Distribution in a River-Dominated Estuary, Apalachicola Bay, Florida.” 2017. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Geyer NL(L. Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Phytoplankton Distribution in a River-Dominated Estuary, Apalachicola Bay, Florida. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Florida State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_SUMMER2017_Geyer_fsu_0071E_13866 ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Geyer NL(L. Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Phytoplankton Distribution in a River-Dominated Estuary, Apalachicola Bay, Florida. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Florida State University; 2017. Available from: http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_SUMMER2017_Geyer_fsu_0071E_13866 ;

Florida State University

21. Montero, Natalie. Influences of the Local Climate on Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta) Hatchling Output.

Degree: MS, Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, 2018, Florida State University

URL: http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/2018_Sp_Montero_fsu_0071N_14548 ;

►

LLocal climate influences sea turtle hatching and emergence success with climatic extremes affecting embryonic development and hatchling emergence. Thus, it is crucial to understand how… (more)

▼

LLocal climate influences sea turtle hatching and emergence success with climatic extremes affecting embryonic development and hatchling emergence. Thus, it is crucial to understand how different climatic variables affect hatchling output presently and explore how potential climate change may impact future hatchling output and population stability. This thesis examines the influences of six climatic variables (air and sea surface temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation) on the hatchling output of the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) for two distinct nesting populations: Southwest Atlantic Loggerhead Regional Management Unit, which nests in Brazil, and the Northern Gulf of Mexico Loggerhead Recovery Unit, which nest in North Florida, USA and is part of the Northwest Atlantic Loggerhead Recovery Management Unit. Additionally, this thesis explores how potential climate change may impact future hatchling output. The main drivers of hatchling output varied across populations, nesting regions, and beaches. In Brazil, air temperature and precipitation were found to be the main climatic drivers of hatchling output, whereas in North Florida as well as air temperature and precipitation, humidity was a significant climatic driver of hatchling output. Climate projections show air temperatures warming at all sites throughout the 21st century, while projections for precipitation and humidity varied regionally. Our projections indicate that by 2100, tropical nesting beaches (Bahia, Brazil) will experience declines in hatching success, while temperate regions (Espirito Santo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and North Florida) will experience increases in hatching success. This thesis highlights the need to assess the climatic drivers of hatchling output at a regional scale, especially in temperate areas, to better understand how projected climate change may impact populations and better inform management.

A Thesis submitted to the Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science.

Spring Semester 2018.

April 12, 2018.

Brazil, Florida, marine turtle, moisture, reproductive output, temperate

Mariana M. P. B. Fuentes, Professor Directing Thesis; Markus Huettel, Committee Member; Jeff Chanton, Committee Member.

Advisors/Committee Members: Mariana Fuentes (professor directing thesis), Markus Huettel (committee member), Jeffrey P. Chanton (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Marine biology

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Montero, N. (2018). Influences of the Local Climate on Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta) Hatchling Output. (Masters Thesis). Florida State University. Retrieved from http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/2018_Sp_Montero_fsu_0071N_14548 ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Montero, Natalie. “Influences of the Local Climate on Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta) Hatchling Output.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Florida State University. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/2018_Sp_Montero_fsu_0071N_14548 ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Montero, Natalie. “Influences of the Local Climate on Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta) Hatchling Output.” 2018. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Montero N. Influences of the Local Climate on Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta) Hatchling Output. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Florida State University; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/2018_Sp_Montero_fsu_0071N_14548 ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Montero N. Influences of the Local Climate on Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta) Hatchling Output. [Masters Thesis]. Florida State University; 2018. Available from: http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/2018_Sp_Montero_fsu_0071N_14548 ;

University of Cape Town

22. Gersun, Leanne. The abundance and diversity patterns of seaweed communities on natural and artificial substrata at Sodwana Bay, South Africa.

Degree: Image, Biological Sciences, 2014, University of Cape Town

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13051

► The high latitude coral communities of southern Africa suffered minimal impacts during mass bleaching events in the recent past. However, during the 2005 warm-water anomaly… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Marine Biology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gersun, L. (2014). The abundance and diversity patterns of seaweed communities on natural and artificial substrata at Sodwana Bay, South Africa. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13051

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gersun, Leanne. “The abundance and diversity patterns of seaweed communities on natural and artificial substrata at Sodwana Bay, South Africa.” 2014. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13051.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gersun, Leanne. “The abundance and diversity patterns of seaweed communities on natural and artificial substrata at Sodwana Bay, South Africa.” 2014. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Gersun L. The abundance and diversity patterns of seaweed communities on natural and artificial substrata at Sodwana Bay, South Africa. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13051.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Gersun L. The abundance and diversity patterns of seaweed communities on natural and artificial substrata at Sodwana Bay, South Africa. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13051

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Cape Town

23. Wright, Amy Grace. Deep water parapagurid hermit crabs: their distribution, abundance, population structure and associations in the Southern Benguela.

Degree: Image, Marine Research (MA-RE) Institute, 2017, University of Cape Town

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25650

► The parapagurids Sympagurus dimorphus (Studer, 1883) and Parapagurus bouvieri (Stebbing, 1910) dominate South African deeper-water benthic invertebrate communities. Samples from the 2016 DAFF bi-annual hake… (more)

▼ The parapagurids Sympagurus dimorphus (Studer, 1883) and Parapagurus bouvieri (Stebbing, 1910) dominate South African deeper-water benthic invertebrate communities. Samples from the 2016 DAFF bi-annual hake demersal research trawl surveys provided data on population structure and morphology. Since these species forego the use of "traditional" gastropod shells in favour of symbiotically-associated Epizoanthus pseudoshells, these data were also used to investigate parameters of pseudoshell association. S. dimorphus to have a female-biased sex ratio of 1:1.5, and P. bouvieri of 1:1. The proportion of males in both species increased with cephalothoracic shield (CL) length. S. dimorphus males had positive allometric major right chelipeds, while P. bouvieri cheliped lengths were positively allometric in males, and negatively allometric in females. All collected P. bouvieri occurred in pseudoshells, but S. dimorphus showed a real shell occupancy rate of 3.39% (n = 38). A positive relationship was found between CL size and real shell occupation frequency (r2 = 0.96). S. dimorphus pseudoshell zoanthid polyps increased in number as a function of both total shell volume (R2 = 0.73) and colony height (R2 = 0.61), with polyps present on every available part of the shell. No such relationship was found for P. bouvieri, presumably because the polyps are distributed in a linear pattern around the back and outside of the pseudoshell. Juvenile parapagurids appear to select for Naticidae original shells, with Euspira napus being the dominant original shell species for both S. dimorphus (45.45 %) and P. bouvieri (39.00 %). Questions are raised about whether these hermits exist along an evolutionary continuum of traditional shell reliance, whereby the species utilise their pseudoshells differently - P. bouvieri appears to show a stronger mutualistic symbiosis with its exclusive pseudoshell species than S. dimorphus, and may have lost the ability to change shelters entirely, utilising the pseudoshell as a brood pouch covering only the abdomen, rather than as a shell in which to retract to escape predation. Data from 1987 - 2014 surveys were used to map the distribution patterns and densities of these species in the southern Benguela, and to investigate changes in the populations over time. As it stands, no correction factor need be applied to South African parapagurid catches as a result of the 2003-2004 change in survey gear. However, further work is needed. S. dimorphus occurred at a significantly greater mean sample mass (287.88 kg.km⁻²) than P. bouvieri (31.37 kg.km⁻²). The bulk of sample mass occurred within the West Coast Benguela upwelling region, with very few parapagurids caught over the Agulhas Bank, which may be too shallow for either species, given that S. dimorphus showed a preferential depth range of 200 - 299 m (range 30 - 814 m) and P. bouvieri of 400 - 499 m (range 62 - 700 m). The highest mean sample masses occurred on muddy sand (61.00 kg.km⁻²) and sandy sediments (45.68 kg.km⁻²). Overall catchability (mean = 43.35%)… Advisors/Committee Members: Griffiths, Charles L (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Marine Biology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wright, A. G. (2017). Deep water parapagurid hermit crabs: their distribution, abundance, population structure and associations in the Southern Benguela. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25650

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wright, Amy Grace. “Deep water parapagurid hermit crabs: their distribution, abundance, population structure and associations in the Southern Benguela.” 2017. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25650.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wright, Amy Grace. “Deep water parapagurid hermit crabs: their distribution, abundance, population structure and associations in the Southern Benguela.” 2017. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Wright AG. Deep water parapagurid hermit crabs: their distribution, abundance, population structure and associations in the Southern Benguela. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25650.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wright AG. Deep water parapagurid hermit crabs: their distribution, abundance, population structure and associations in the Southern Benguela. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25650

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Cape Town

24. Pasnin, Charles Olivier Arvin. A marine systematic conservation plan for Rodrigues Island, Western Indian Ocean.

Degree: Image, Oceanography, 2011, University of Cape Town

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11054

► In 2007 the local government of Rodrigues gazetted four marine reserves in the north of the island based on knowledge and insights from stakeholders, mainly… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Marine Biology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Pasnin, C. O. A. (2011). A marine systematic conservation plan for Rodrigues Island, Western Indian Ocean. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11054

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pasnin, Charles Olivier Arvin. “A marine systematic conservation plan for Rodrigues Island, Western Indian Ocean.” 2011. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11054.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pasnin, Charles Olivier Arvin. “A marine systematic conservation plan for Rodrigues Island, Western Indian Ocean.” 2011. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Pasnin COA. A marine systematic conservation plan for Rodrigues Island, Western Indian Ocean. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11054.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Pasnin COA. A marine systematic conservation plan for Rodrigues Island, Western Indian Ocean. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11054

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Cape Town

25. Loosen, Kristina. Predictors of white shark Carcharodon carcharias presence at two recreational beaches in a major metropole.

Degree: Image, Biological Sciences, 2017, University of Cape Town

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27493

► The presence of white sharks Carcharodon carcharias in False Bay, South Africa follows a clear seasonal cycle. In the austral winter months, white sharks aggregate… (more)

▼ The presence of white sharks Carcharodon carcharias in False Bay, South Africa follows a clear seasonal cycle. In the austral winter months, white sharks aggregate around Seal Island with female sharks in particular moving to the inshore areas in summer. What triggers these fine scale migrations at one of the largest white shark aggregation sites in the world remains a subject of debate. Previous research identified the environmental variables, water temperature and lunar phase, as significant influences on white shark presence inshore. In this study, I attempt to investigate the influence of prey fish availability on the presence of white sharks at two inshore areas of False Bay, namely Muizenberg and Fish Hoek. In addition, I explored the influence of sea surface temperature (SST), El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), dolphin presence, diatom patch presence and the occurrence of purse-seine fishing (treknetting) on shark presence. A total of 1209 shark sightings were recorded from 1 January 2006 - 31 December 2015 with 742 sightings at Muizenberg and 467 at Fish Hoek. I used randomization tests to determine whether the occurrence of shark sightings was randomly distributed across the environmental and biological variables and determined the dependencies between the predictor variables. I confirmed that shark sightings were clearly seasonal and sightings peaked between 17.49 - 18.57°C. Fish presence revealed a similar peak at 17.94°C. Randomization tests indicate that a spotter is 66% more likely to detect a shark when fish are present, which supports my prediction of a prey mediated cue. The occurrence of treknetting was also found to be non-randomly linked to white shark presence, increasing the probability to spot a shark to 38% instead of 20% at random. The presence of diatom patches was found to be negatively correlated with SST; with numbers increasing in colder waters. The presence of dolphins, as other predators in False Bay, didn't show a significant pattern with any of the analysed variables. The influence of ENSO on the presence of white sharks was also hypothesized and the data revealed that there was a significant influence of weak negative ENSO values on their inshore occurrence. In addition to providing a better understanding of the ecology of white sharks in False Bay, my results can also be used in shark safety and education programs to reduce the risk of shark human conflict. Advisors/Committee Members: O'Riain, M Justin (advisor), Kock, Alison A (advisor), Winker, Henning (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Marine Biology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Loosen, K. (2017). Predictors of white shark Carcharodon carcharias presence at two recreational beaches in a major metropole. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27493

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Loosen, Kristina. “Predictors of white shark Carcharodon carcharias presence at two recreational beaches in a major metropole.” 2017. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27493.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Loosen, Kristina. “Predictors of white shark Carcharodon carcharias presence at two recreational beaches in a major metropole.” 2017. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Loosen K. Predictors of white shark Carcharodon carcharias presence at two recreational beaches in a major metropole. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27493.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Loosen K. Predictors of white shark Carcharodon carcharias presence at two recreational beaches in a major metropole. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27493

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Cal Poly

26. Salter, Lesley. Effects of Barotrauma on Four Species of Pacific Rockfishes (Sebastes spp.).

Degree: MS, Biological Sciences, 2019, Cal Poly

URL: https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2007 ; 10.15368/theses.2019.61

► Physoclistic fish, such as Pacific rockfishes (genus Sebastes), have closed swim bladders that help them regulate their buoyancy. When anglers catch these fish and… (more)

▼ Physoclistic fish, such as Pacific rockfishes (genus Sebastes), have closed swim bladders that help them regulate their buoyancy. When anglers catch these fish and reel them to the surface, gases within their swim bladder expand due to the decrease in pressure. This can cause their swim bladder to over inflate––a condition known as barotrauma. Overly buoyant fish experiencing barotrauma often struggle to swim back to dwelling depth if released at the ocean’s surface. These fish may experience high rates of mortality by thermal shock caused by the warmer surface temperatures, starvation, predation, or vision problems caused by barotrauma. Assisted release methods that recompress fish by returning them to depth prior to release may thus greatly improve survival of fish suffering from barotrauma. In this study, I characterized species-specific responses of four species of nearshore Pacific rockfishes (Canary Rockfish, Sebastes pinniger; Gopher Rockfish, S. carnatus; Deacon Rockfish, S. diaconus; and Blue Rockfish, S. mystinus) to rapid ascent by hook-and-line fishing from shallow depths (<40 m). I videotaped their immediate responses upon recompression using a weighted inverted milk crate to transport fish back to their initial capture depth. Fish were videotaped during their descent, as well as their release from the crate. In some individuals, barotrauma symptoms were reversed and did not show behavioral impairment upon release, indicating that even a simple, inexpensive device can be effective in relieving barotrauma symptoms. Species differences were also observed in the severity of barotrauma observed following the collection of fish from depth. Capture depth was positively correlated with the occurrence of barotrauma for Blue Rockfish and Gopher Rockfish, but not for Canary Rockfish or Deacon Rockfishes. I utilized data over an eight-year period from the California Collaborative Fisheries Research Project (CCFRP) to assess survivorship of rockfish experiencing barotrauma. A total of 20 rockfish (1 Black Rockfish, S. melanops; 2 Blue Rockfish; 12 Gopher Rockfish; 3 Copper Rockfish, S. caurinus; and 2 Kelp Rockfish, S. atrovirens) initially displaying barotrauma signs upon capture were tagged using a T-bar tag and released. It is unknown if these fish were recompressed because the CCFRP did not record this information. These 20 rockfish were recaptured days to 3 years later––indicating rockfish can survive long term after experiencing barotrauma. To minimize mortality of discarded fish in the fishery, fish recompression is recommended. Advisors/Committee Members: Ben Ruttenburg.

Subjects/Keywords: Marine Biology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Salter, L. (2019). Effects of Barotrauma on Four Species of Pacific Rockfishes (Sebastes spp.). (Masters Thesis). Cal Poly. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2007 ; 10.15368/theses.2019.61

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Salter, Lesley. “Effects of Barotrauma on Four Species of Pacific Rockfishes (Sebastes spp.).” 2019. Masters Thesis, Cal Poly. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2007 ; 10.15368/theses.2019.61.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Salter, Lesley. “Effects of Barotrauma on Four Species of Pacific Rockfishes (Sebastes spp.).” 2019. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Salter L. Effects of Barotrauma on Four Species of Pacific Rockfishes (Sebastes spp.). [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Cal Poly; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2007 ; 10.15368/theses.2019.61.

Council of Science Editors:

Salter L. Effects of Barotrauma on Four Species of Pacific Rockfishes (Sebastes spp.). [Masters Thesis]. Cal Poly; 2019. Available from: https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2007 ; 10.15368/theses.2019.61

University of Cape Town

27. Raw, Robert Nicolas Vause. Population structure, site fidelity, and fine-scale habitat use of the broadnose sevengill shark, Notorynchus cepedianusat Pyramid rock, False Bay, South Africa.

Degree: Image, Oceanography, 2012, University of Cape Town

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11312

► The aims of this study were to investigate elements of the demographics, fine-scale habitat use and site fidelity of sevengill sharks. The study was conducted… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Marine Biology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Raw, R. N. V. (2012). Population structure, site fidelity, and fine-scale habitat use of the broadnose sevengill shark, Notorynchus cepedianusat Pyramid rock, False Bay, South Africa. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11312

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Raw, Robert Nicolas Vause. “Population structure, site fidelity, and fine-scale habitat use of the broadnose sevengill shark, Notorynchus cepedianusat Pyramid rock, False Bay, South Africa.” 2012. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11312.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Raw, Robert Nicolas Vause. “Population structure, site fidelity, and fine-scale habitat use of the broadnose sevengill shark, Notorynchus cepedianusat Pyramid rock, False Bay, South Africa.” 2012. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Raw RNV. Population structure, site fidelity, and fine-scale habitat use of the broadnose sevengill shark, Notorynchus cepedianusat Pyramid rock, False Bay, South Africa. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11312.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Raw RNV. Population structure, site fidelity, and fine-scale habitat use of the broadnose sevengill shark, Notorynchus cepedianusat Pyramid rock, False Bay, South Africa. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11312

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

28. Simon, Matt R. East Coast Salt Marsh Response To Sea Level Rise: Microbial Community Function And Structure.

Degree: MSin Biological Sciences, Biological Science, 2013, University of New England

URL: https://dune.une.edu/theses/47

► Coastal salt marshes are under stress from anthropogenic climate change-induced sea level rise (SLR). Sediment microbial decomposition is a major driver of marsh subsidence… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Biology; Marine Biology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Simon, M. R. (2013). East Coast Salt Marsh Response To Sea Level Rise: Microbial Community Function And Structure. (Thesis). University of New England. Retrieved from https://dune.une.edu/theses/47

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Simon, Matt R. “East Coast Salt Marsh Response To Sea Level Rise: Microbial Community Function And Structure.” 2013. Thesis, University of New England. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://dune.une.edu/theses/47.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Simon, Matt R. “East Coast Salt Marsh Response To Sea Level Rise: Microbial Community Function And Structure.” 2013. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Simon MR. East Coast Salt Marsh Response To Sea Level Rise: Microbial Community Function And Structure. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of New England; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://dune.une.edu/theses/47.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Simon MR. East Coast Salt Marsh Response To Sea Level Rise: Microbial Community Function And Structure. [Thesis]. University of New England; 2013. Available from: https://dune.une.edu/theses/47

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Cape Town

29. Harington, Amy. Trace metal effects on phytoplankton in subpolar seas with special emphasis on coccolithophores.

Degree: Image, Biological Sciences, 2017, University of Cape Town

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27354

► Coccolithophores are a biogeochemically important phytoplankton group, fulfilling an important role in the global carbon cycle through primary production and the formation and export of… (more)

▼ Coccolithophores are a biogeochemically important phytoplankton group, fulfilling an important role in the global carbon cycle through primary production and the formation and export of calcium carbonate. Despite this biogeochemical importance, relatively little is known about their ecophysiology, for example their response to nutrient availability in terms of both macronutrient (nitrate, phosphate) and micronutrient (trace metal) or how this impacts on their competition with other phytoplankton groups (e.g. diatoms, Synechococcus). Hence, this study investigated the response of coccolithophores to trace metal (iron, zinc and cobalt) additions in the high latitude North Atlantic (Iceland and Irminger basins) and the Southern Ocean (Great Calcite Belt, Scotia Sea). The response of coccolithophores to environmental conditions was investigated by examining distribution patterns in situ and in targeted bioassays where natural communities were incubated with elevated levels of trace metal concentration. The wide range of initial conditions for these bioassays (e.g. temperature, macro- and micro-nutrient availability and phytoplankton community composition), provided valuable insights into coccolithophore responses to trace metal addition across a range of different biogeographic regions. These responses were investigated in terms of coccolithophore cell abundances, species composition, calcite production and growth rates, and were contrasted with responses of the total phytoplankton community (chlorophyll α) and abundances of diatoms and other phytoplankton groups (e.g. Synechococcus). The major finding of this thesis is that iron addition positively enhances coccolithophore growth rates and calcite production in both the Northern and Southern subpolar oceans. Another significant finding was that zinc addition also positively enhanced growth rates of coccolithophores (and diatoms) in a number of bioassays across the Great Calcite Belt (Southern Ocean). Thus, the trace metals iron and zinc are important micronutrients to consider in regulating coccolithophore growth and calcite production. As climate change potentially altering the flux of such trace metals to the ocean it is therefore important to further investigate the role of these micronutrients in regulating coccolithophore communities and their biogeochemical impact. Advisors/Committee Members: Poulton, Alex (advisor), Lucas, Michael I (advisor), Moloney, Coleen L (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Marine Studies; Marine Biology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Harington, A. (2017). Trace metal effects on phytoplankton in subpolar seas with special emphasis on coccolithophores. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27354

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Harington, Amy. “Trace metal effects on phytoplankton in subpolar seas with special emphasis on coccolithophores.” 2017. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27354.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Harington, Amy. “Trace metal effects on phytoplankton in subpolar seas with special emphasis on coccolithophores.” 2017. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Harington A. Trace metal effects on phytoplankton in subpolar seas with special emphasis on coccolithophores. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27354.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Harington A. Trace metal effects on phytoplankton in subpolar seas with special emphasis on coccolithophores. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27354

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

30. Tate, Bryan. The Effects Of Triiodothyronine, Glucose, Alanine, And Iodide As Nutrients On The Survival And Successful Metamorphosis Of Aeolidiella Stephanieae Veligers.

Degree: MSin Biological Sciences, Biological Science, 2015, University of New England

URL: https://dune.une.edu/theses/40

► During early life stages, nutrients are crucial to the proper development of larval marine invertebrates. Many such larvae are lecithotrophic and therefore do not… (more)

▼ During early life stages, nutrients are crucial to the proper development of larval marine invertebrates. Many such larvae are lecithotrophic and therefore do not actively feed; however, a large body of research has shown that lecithotrophic larvae take in dissolved organic material (DOM) including amino acids and sugars, contributing heavily to metabolic requirements. Another dissolved nutrient, iodine, is useful to marine invertebrates for the production of organic compounds. Some of these compounds (thyroid hormones, THs) are historically thought to be used almost exclusively by vertebrates, though studies have shown that THs are also useful to some marine invertebrates for developmental and homeostatic processes. Aeolidiella stephanieae is an aeolid nudibranch found exclusively in the Florida Keys. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dissolved nutrients are beneficial to A. stephanieae veligers during development. The effects of a thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine), a sugar (glucose), an amino acid (alanine), and a form of iodine (iodide) added to rearing water prior to metamorphosis were investigated. Survival and successful metamorphosis of A. stephanieae individuals at 15 days after oviposition were observed for each treatment. A. stephanieae veliger survival and successful metamorphosis were not negatively impacted by the addition of triiodothyronine, glucose, or iodide. Survival and successful metamorphosis, as well as the presence of veligers at the 15-day mark were all negatively affected by the presence of alanine. Alanine concentrations had the most marked effect on survival, showing declines in survival proportionate to alanine concentration. Significant declines in survival were present even at the lowest alanine concentration. The rapid reproduction of heterotrophic bacteria in response to the abundance of free amino acids is the most likely culprit for mortality seen with alanine supplementation. It is unlikely that triiodothyronine, glucose, alanine, or iodide alone are beneficial to A. stephanieae veligers; however, it is still possible that these nutrients or a combination thereof at optimal concentrations may positively affect body mass and soft tissue growth. Future research involving lecithotrophic larvae paired with these and other nutrients would benefit from using species with larger eggs and larval stages for the purpose of protein and body mass analysis. In turn, this research could foster a better understanding of the importance of dissolved nutrients to lecithotrophic invertebrate larvae. Advisors/Committee Members: Jeri Fox, Stine Brown, Stephan Zeeman.

Subjects/Keywords: Biology; Developmental Biology; Marine Biology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tate, B. (2015). The Effects Of Triiodothyronine, Glucose, Alanine, And Iodide As Nutrients On The Survival And Successful Metamorphosis Of Aeolidiella Stephanieae Veligers. (Thesis). University of New England. Retrieved from https://dune.une.edu/theses/40

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tate, Bryan. “The Effects Of Triiodothyronine, Glucose, Alanine, And Iodide As Nutrients On The Survival And Successful Metamorphosis Of Aeolidiella Stephanieae Veligers.” 2015. Thesis, University of New England. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://dune.une.edu/theses/40.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tate, Bryan. “The Effects Of Triiodothyronine, Glucose, Alanine, And Iodide As Nutrients On The Survival And Successful Metamorphosis Of Aeolidiella Stephanieae Veligers.” 2015. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Tate B. The Effects Of Triiodothyronine, Glucose, Alanine, And Iodide As Nutrients On The Survival And Successful Metamorphosis Of Aeolidiella Stephanieae Veligers. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of New England; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://dune.une.edu/theses/40.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Tate B. The Effects Of Triiodothyronine, Glucose, Alanine, And Iodide As Nutrients On The Survival And Successful Metamorphosis Of Aeolidiella Stephanieae Veligers. [Thesis]. University of New England; 2015. Available from: https://dune.une.edu/theses/40

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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