subject:(Macroecology)

West Virginia University

1. Fowler, Zachariah K. The effects of accelerated soil acidification on aggrading temperate deciduous forests: The Fernow Experimental Forest Long Term Soil Productivity (LTSP) Study at 13 years.

Degree: PhD, Biology, 2014, West Virginia University

URL: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/403

► Many temperate forests in the Eastern US are young and have experienced decades of elevated inputs of acidic compounds from the atmosphere. As a result,… (more)

▼ Many temperate forests in the Eastern US are young and have experienced decades of elevated inputs of acidic compounds from the atmosphere. As a result, I used the Fernow Experimental Forest Long Term Soil Productivity (LTSP) experiment near Parsons, WV to determine how ongoing acidic deposition may affect total ecosystem carbon (C) storage, stand level dynamics, and soil and foliar chemistry in a young regrowing temperate deciduous forest. I also assessed the potential for acidic deposition effects to cascade up into higher trophic levels through its effects on a soil invertebrate. The LTSP experiment is a randomized block design in which ammonium sulfate is experimentally added to the soil in order to accelerate the acidification of forest soils in a way that is similar to the effects of long-term nitrogen (N) deposition from the atmosphere.;I found that 13 years of ammonium sulfate additions to a regenerating deciduous forest stimulated its ability to store C. This response was driven primarily by increased C storage in aboveground biomass and to a lesser extent by increased C stored in the forest floor. Despite the dominance of a single tree species, the overall response was a complex mixture of species-specific changes in the growth of individuals that may have been tempered by changes in stand density. I also found that after 10 years of growth with continual N and S additions, soil and foliar chemistry in an aggrading temperate deciduous forest show signs of soil acidification and calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) depletion – suggesting that the ability of these regenerating forests to store C may diminish if acidification were to continue. Additionally, I found that liming may mitigate some of the negative impacts of acidification for experimental or management purposes. Finally, I also found that Pseudopolydesmus serratus millipedes, leaf litter processing invertebrates that contain high levels of Ca, are negatively affected by 13 years of simulated acidic deposition in temperate deciduous forests. The negative effect of N addition on millipede populations, however, could not be tied to a depletion of Ca from the soil and plants but, if widespread, could affect the Ca supply to organisms, like some bird species, that have high Ca requirements during critical stages in their life.;Overall, this research suggests that young regrowing temperate deciduous forests may currently be sequestering more C due to inputs of N from acidic deposition. However, the positive response may involve species specific and stand-level changes and may be short-lived due to soil acidification effects, which should proceed, or co-occur with, reductions in growth rates. The effects of N deposition may also potentially reach higher trophic levels such as consumers of P. serratus, whose populations were negatively affected by N inputs. Advisors/Committee Members: William T. Peterjohn, Mary Beth Adams, Jonathan R. Cumming.

Subjects/Keywords: Macroecology; Ecology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Fowler, Z. K. (2014). The effects of accelerated soil acidification on aggrading temperate deciduous forests: The Fernow Experimental Forest Long Term Soil Productivity (LTSP) Study at 13 years. (Doctoral Dissertation). West Virginia University. Retrieved from https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/403

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fowler, Zachariah K. “The effects of accelerated soil acidification on aggrading temperate deciduous forests: The Fernow Experimental Forest Long Term Soil Productivity (LTSP) Study at 13 years.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, West Virginia University. Accessed January 22, 2020. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/403.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fowler, Zachariah K. “The effects of accelerated soil acidification on aggrading temperate deciduous forests: The Fernow Experimental Forest Long Term Soil Productivity (LTSP) Study at 13 years.” 2014. Web. 22 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Fowler ZK. The effects of accelerated soil acidification on aggrading temperate deciduous forests: The Fernow Experimental Forest Long Term Soil Productivity (LTSP) Study at 13 years. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. West Virginia University; 2014. [cited 2020 Jan 22]. Available from: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/403.

Council of Science Editors:

Fowler ZK. The effects of accelerated soil acidification on aggrading temperate deciduous forests: The Fernow Experimental Forest Long Term Soil Productivity (LTSP) Study at 13 years. [Doctoral Dissertation]. West Virginia University; 2014. Available from: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/403

Temple University

2. Papacostas, Katherine J. Spatial and Temporal Variability in Marine Invasion and Trophic Dynamics.

Degree: PhD, 2014, Temple University

URL: http://digital.library.temple.edu/u?/p245801coll10,305874

►

Biology

Species interactions are central to the study of community ecology, but these interactions can change with context. For instance, predator-prey interactions can vary with… (more)

▼

Biology

Species interactions are central to the study of community ecology, but these interactions can change with context. For instance, predator-prey interactions can vary with species introductions, spatial scale and temporal scale, and we are still learning how such factors can influence the strength of these interactions. Studying species interactions via multifaceted approaches and at different scales aids in the understanding of local and large scale processes, and can lead to predictions of how our ecosystems will persist in the face of continued anthropogenic alteration of the globe. The present series of studies sought to explore spatial and temporal variability in marine predator-prey interactions and invasion dynamics. The first objective was to assess biogeographic variability in predator invasions in the field. The second examined spatial variation in niche breadth via field collections, laboratory dissections, and database development, and the third involved a series of laboratory and field experiments as well as population modeling to examine temporal variability in native and non-native behavioral interactions. Specifically for the first objective, I examined the strength of marine invasive species-induced trophic cascades across latitude, hypothesizing that a non-native tertiary consumer could facilitate non-native basal prey establishment through the consumption of a native secondary consumer. I further predicted that the ecological importance of this cascade may be reduced in the subtropics relative to the temperate zone due to stronger predation pressure at lower latitudes. I found evidence of a trophic cascade in both regions, but it was only maintained under ambient predation pressure in the temperate zone. My results also suggest that strong predation pressure on the non-native intermediate predators in the subtropics may explain the weakened cascade under ambient conditions. For the second objective, I tested the hypothesis of increased specialization at lower latitudes using Brachyuran crabs as a model system and diet as my measure for niche breadth, while controlling for range size, body size and evolutionary relatedness. I compiled a dataset on 39 crab species' diets from existing studies and conducted my own diet analyses on species collected in a temperate, subtropical and tropical region, resulting in a global comparison. I found that latitudinal position was correlated with range size for temperate species, but not for tropical species, and found no correlation between the other focal variables and latitude. These results suggest that ecological mechanisms (i.e. competition strength) may be driving patterns of niche breadth in the temperate zone, while evolutionary mechanisms may be more important in predicting niche breadth patterns in tropical systems. For the third objective, I examined the influence of native and non-native prey naïveté on intermediate predator invasion success. I hypothesized that 1) naïveté is greatest in earlier stages of invasion across all trophic levels,…

Advisors/Committee Members: Freestone, Amy;, Sanders, Robert W., Cordes, Erik E., Sewall, Brent, Petraitis, Peter Steven;.

Subjects/Keywords: Biology; Ecology; Macroecology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Papacostas, K. J. (2014). Spatial and Temporal Variability in Marine Invasion and Trophic Dynamics. (Doctoral Dissertation). Temple University. Retrieved from http://digital.library.temple.edu/u?/p245801coll10,305874

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Papacostas, Katherine J. “Spatial and Temporal Variability in Marine Invasion and Trophic Dynamics.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Temple University. Accessed January 22, 2020. http://digital.library.temple.edu/u?/p245801coll10,305874.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Papacostas, Katherine J. “Spatial and Temporal Variability in Marine Invasion and Trophic Dynamics.” 2014. Web. 22 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Papacostas KJ. Spatial and Temporal Variability in Marine Invasion and Trophic Dynamics. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Temple University; 2014. [cited 2020 Jan 22]. Available from: http://digital.library.temple.edu/u?/p245801coll10,305874.

Council of Science Editors:

Papacostas KJ. Spatial and Temporal Variability in Marine Invasion and Trophic Dynamics. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Temple University; 2014. Available from: http://digital.library.temple.edu/u?/p245801coll10,305874

University of New Mexico

3. Burnside, William. Pattern and process in metabolic ecology : from biotic interactions to cultural diversity gradients.

Degree: UNM Biology Department, 2012, University of New Mexico

URL: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/biol_etds/12

► Many ecological patterns and processes are functions of metabolism (Brown 2004), meaning the acquisition, transformation, and allocation of energy, materials, and information within the bodies… (more)

▼ Many ecological patterns and processes are functions of metabolism (Brown 2004), meaning the acquisition, transformation, and allocation of energy, materials, and information within the bodies of individuals and among members of human and other animal societies. Individual metabolic rate should influence behavior by determining the energy available for action as well as the rate at which the body requires fuel. First, I test a key prediction of the metabolic theory of ecology (MTE), that biotic interaction rates are characteristic functions of temperature. Findings support this prediction and suggest that herbivory, predation, parasitism, parasitoidy, and competition increase exponentially with temperature and that this increase echoes that of individual metabolic rates. Second, I extend a metabolic framework to foraging patterns and space use of traditional human societies. Together with colleagues, I build on Hamilton (2007) to offer a model that formally incorporates hypothesized mechanisms affecting population sizes and densities and territory sizes: temperature, productivity, seasonality, and trophic level (degree of carnivory). We test this model on a dataset of 333 traditional foraging societies using multiple linear regression. Interactions between explanatory variables were important, and the influence of temperature, productivity, and seasonality often depended on trophic level. In addition, coastal productivity allowed marine foragers to disassociate themselves from terrestrial energetic constraints and maintain high population densities, small territory sizes, and thus high levels of cultural diversity. A metabolic perspective is useful for interpreting patterns in large scale human ecology and suggesting underlying mechanisms. Third, I argue for a macroecological approach to human ecology and suggest the value of a metabolic perspective using examples from human foraging ecology, life history, space use, population structure, disease ecology, cultural and linguistic diversity patterns, and industrial and urban systems. The ability of a metabolic framework to inform our understanding of behavior, from the interaction rates of small ectotherms to cultural diversity and urban activity patterns in Homo sapiens, suggests the power and promise of this approach. Advisors/Committee Members: Brown, James, Moses, Melanie, Kaplan, Hillard, Hamilton, Marcus.

Subjects/Keywords: metabolic ecology macroecology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Burnside, W. (2012). Pattern and process in metabolic ecology : from biotic interactions to cultural diversity gradients. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New Mexico. Retrieved from https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/biol_etds/12

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Burnside, William. “Pattern and process in metabolic ecology : from biotic interactions to cultural diversity gradients.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New Mexico. Accessed January 22, 2020. https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/biol_etds/12.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Burnside, William. “Pattern and process in metabolic ecology : from biotic interactions to cultural diversity gradients.” 2012. Web. 22 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Burnside W. Pattern and process in metabolic ecology : from biotic interactions to cultural diversity gradients. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New Mexico; 2012. [cited 2020 Jan 22]. Available from: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/biol_etds/12.

Council of Science Editors:

Burnside W. Pattern and process in metabolic ecology : from biotic interactions to cultural diversity gradients. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New Mexico; 2012. Available from: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/biol_etds/12

The George Washington University

4. Du, Andrew. The Role of Scale in Ecological Inference| Implications for Interpreting Hominin Paleoecology.

Degree: 2017, The George Washington University

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10252703

► Modern and fossil ecological data exist at very different taxonomic, spatial, and temporal scales. For modern ecology, data are typically collected at the species-level,… (more)

▼ Modern and fossil ecological data exist at very different taxonomic, spatial, and temporal scales. For modern ecology, data are typically collected at the species-level, cover square meter quadrats to the entire globe, and span days to decades at most. For fossil assemblages, spatial scale might be comparable to that studied by modern ecologists, but fossil data are taxonomically and temporally much coarser (respectively, order-, family-, genus-level at best, and 104-108 years). Recent research has shown that ecological patterns and the processes affecting them change across scale. Therefore, using modern ecological theory and methods to study fossil data is an incommensurate exercise and potentially produces spurious results. Moreover, scale varies by orders of magnitude even among fossil assemblages, so comparing fossil sites without an appreciation of scale may also lead to ambiguous conclusions. I argue that a disregard of scale within paleoanthropology has contributed to its inability to synthesize seemingly disparate paleoecological results into a coherent, unified framework. As a result, paleoanthropology has remained relatively stagnant regarding its understanding of how paleoecological processes drove hominin evolution. With this in mind, I adopt scale as a central theme in my dissertation and attempt to understand how ecological pattern and process change across modern and fossil scales in East African large mammal communities, and if these scale differences can be analytically reconciled. The results from my three research chapters show ecological patterns (and the relevant processes driving them) fundamentally change across modern and fossil scales. Thus, modern and paleoecological theory and data are each incomplete: modern ecologists need to analyze fossil data if they want to study ecology at large time scales, and paleoecologists need to examine modern data and theory in order to understand smaller-scale processes; simple extrapolation and interpolation will not do. For paleoanthropologists, that means it is less than straightforward to infer smaller-scale ecological processes (e.g., paleoenvironmental reconstruction, interspecific interactions) from fossil assemblages, and caution should be exercised when attempting to do so. I by no means offer a panacea for this scale issue, but hopefully my research will make paleoanthropologists more cognizant of scale and encourage future research on this topic. Only then can we finally begin to understand what exactly were the important ecological drivers affecting hominin behavior and evolution.

Subjects/Keywords: Physical anthropology; Macroecology; Paleoecology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Du, A. (2017). The Role of Scale in Ecological Inference| Implications for Interpreting Hominin Paleoecology. (Thesis). The George Washington University. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10252703

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Du, Andrew. “The Role of Scale in Ecological Inference| Implications for Interpreting Hominin Paleoecology.” 2017. Thesis, The George Washington University. Accessed January 22, 2020. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10252703.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Du, Andrew. “The Role of Scale in Ecological Inference| Implications for Interpreting Hominin Paleoecology.” 2017. Web. 22 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Du A. The Role of Scale in Ecological Inference| Implications for Interpreting Hominin Paleoecology. [Internet] [Thesis]. The George Washington University; 2017. [cited 2020 Jan 22]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10252703.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Du A. The Role of Scale in Ecological Inference| Implications for Interpreting Hominin Paleoecology. [Thesis]. The George Washington University; 2017. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10252703

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

5. Smits, Peter David. Remodeling the Fossil Record| Analysis of Emergent Evolutionary and Ecological Patterns.

Degree: 2017, The University of Chicago

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10253592

► Macroevolution and macroecology are concerned with the patterns in evolutionary and ecological data, respectively, which arise when observing multiple species over time and/or space.… (more)

▼ Macroevolution and macroecology are concerned with the patterns in evolutionary and ecological data, respectively, which arise when observing multiple species over time and/or space. Species extinction and species pool functional composition are the macroevolutionary and macroecological patterns at the heart of this dissertation. The hypotheses and analyses in the three studies forming this dissertaiton were all framed in terms of how species functional traits can shape these emergent patterns. In my first study, I analyzed the Cenozoic fossil record of North American mammals to test two long standing hypotheses: the survival of the unspecialized hypothesis, and the Law of Constant Extinction. My analysis centers around a model of species duration as a function of multiple species traits, species’ phylogenetic relatedness, and species’ origination cohort. My results support the conclusion that generalist species will, on average, have a greater duration than more specialized species. I also find that species extinction risk increases with species duration, a result that is counter the Law of Constant Extinction. Additionally, I find that only some of the factors associated with extinction risk for Modern mammals could be considered risk factors for mammals from the rest of the Cenozoic, indicating a difference between the modern biodiversity crisis and “normal” extinction dynamics. My second study also deals with the survival of the unspecialized and the Law of Constant Extinction, but focuses on a different system: post-Cambrian Paleozoic brachiopods. An additional aspect of this study is an analysis of the relationship between extinction intensity and the strength of trait selection. I find support for greater survival among environmental generalists than specialists. I also find evidence that for geographic range and environmental preference, as extinction intensity increases, the selective importance of these traits increases. This result is evidence for a qualitative difference between background and mass extinction. The final study is an analysis of the changing functional composition of the North American mammal regional species pool over the last 65 million years. The goals of this analysis are to understand when functional groups are enriched or depleted, and how changes to environmental context may shape these changes. I find that mammal diversity is more strongly shaped by changes to origination probability rather than changes to extinction probability. I also find that all arboreal ecotypes declined throughout the Paleogene and disappeared from the species pool by the Neogene. Additionally, I found that most herbivore ecotypes expand their relative contribution to functional diversity over time. My desire with this dissertation is to present the types of analyses and results that are possible through a synthesis of macroevolution and macroecology. The first step to building any dialogue is to agree on a common language and I’ve emphasised an…

Subjects/Keywords: Evolution & development; Paleontology; Macroecology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Smits, P. D. (2017). Remodeling the Fossil Record| Analysis of Emergent Evolutionary and Ecological Patterns. (Thesis). The University of Chicago. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10253592

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Smits, Peter David. “Remodeling the Fossil Record| Analysis of Emergent Evolutionary and Ecological Patterns.” 2017. Thesis, The University of Chicago. Accessed January 22, 2020. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10253592.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Smits, Peter David. “Remodeling the Fossil Record| Analysis of Emergent Evolutionary and Ecological Patterns.” 2017. Web. 22 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Smits PD. Remodeling the Fossil Record| Analysis of Emergent Evolutionary and Ecological Patterns. [Internet] [Thesis]. The University of Chicago; 2017. [cited 2020 Jan 22]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10253592.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Smits PD. Remodeling the Fossil Record| Analysis of Emergent Evolutionary and Ecological Patterns. [Thesis]. The University of Chicago; 2017. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10253592

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of New Mexico

6. Winter, Ara. Patterns in richness and community structure: From bacteria to apex predators.

Degree: UNM Biology Department, 2016, University of New Mexico

URL: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/biol_etds/128

► Patterns of community structure and richness provide context for studies from microbial ecology, global macroecology, languages, to Bayesian statistics. Diversity patterns for animals on land… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: macroecology; microbial ecology; bioinformatics; bacteria

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APA (6^th Edition):

Winter, A. (2016). Patterns in richness and community structure: From bacteria to apex predators. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New Mexico. Retrieved from https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/biol_etds/128

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Winter, Ara. “Patterns in richness and community structure: From bacteria to apex predators.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New Mexico. Accessed January 22, 2020. https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/biol_etds/128.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Winter, Ara. “Patterns in richness and community structure: From bacteria to apex predators.” 2016. Web. 22 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Winter A. Patterns in richness and community structure: From bacteria to apex predators. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New Mexico; 2016. [cited 2020 Jan 22]. Available from: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/biol_etds/128.

Council of Science Editors:

Winter A. Patterns in richness and community structure: From bacteria to apex predators. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New Mexico; 2016. Available from: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/biol_etds/128

University of California – Berkeley

7. Kitzes, Justin. Quantitative Ecology and the Conservation of Biodiversity: Species Richness, Abundance, and Extinction in Human-Altered Landscapes.

Degree: Environmental Science, Policy, & Management, 2012, University of California – Berkeley

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2wd0n0gr

► The goal of conservation biology is to understand and prevent the loss of biological diversity. Modern conservation science relies heavily on four major quantitative methods:… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Ecology; Conservation biology; Macroecology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kitzes, J. (2012). Quantitative Ecology and the Conservation of Biodiversity: Species Richness, Abundance, and Extinction in Human-Altered Landscapes. (Thesis). University of California – Berkeley. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2wd0n0gr

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kitzes, Justin. “Quantitative Ecology and the Conservation of Biodiversity: Species Richness, Abundance, and Extinction in Human-Altered Landscapes.” 2012. Thesis, University of California – Berkeley. Accessed January 22, 2020. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2wd0n0gr.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kitzes, Justin. “Quantitative Ecology and the Conservation of Biodiversity: Species Richness, Abundance, and Extinction in Human-Altered Landscapes.” 2012. Web. 22 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Kitzes J. Quantitative Ecology and the Conservation of Biodiversity: Species Richness, Abundance, and Extinction in Human-Altered Landscapes. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2012. [cited 2020 Jan 22]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2wd0n0gr.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kitzes J. Quantitative Ecology and the Conservation of Biodiversity: Species Richness, Abundance, and Extinction in Human-Altered Landscapes. [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2012. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2wd0n0gr

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Ottawa

8. Boucher-Lalonde, Véronique. Predicting Broad-scale Patterns in Species Distributions .

Degree: 2016, University of Ottawa

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34306

► Species richness of virtually all high-level taxonomic groups is strongly statistically related to climatic variables such as temperature and precipitation, and consistently so across space… (more)

▼ Species richness of virtually all high-level taxonomic groups is strongly statistically related to climatic variables such as temperature and precipitation, and consistently so across space and time. These observations are consistent with a causal link between the number of species that occur in a given region and its climate. Although dozens of hypotheses have been proposed, the main mechanisms underlying this pattern remain largely unresolved. And, few ecological studies have attempted to identify regularities in the individual species distributions that make up the richness–climate relationship. Despite the complexities of species’ biologies, I found that, to a first approximation, species’ probability of occupancy at continental scales were generally well statistically explained by a Gaussian function of temperature and precipitation. This simple model appeared general among species, taxa and regions. However, although individual species’ ranges are strongly statistically related to climate, spatial variations in richness cannot be explained by systematic variations in species’ climatic niches. And, individual species track changes in climatic variables through time much more weakly than species richness tracks these changes, suggesting that richness is at least partly constrained by mechanisms independent of species identities. Moreover, at macro-scales, species richness was also not strongly predictable from the temperature at which clades have originated, from historical variability in climatic variables nor from local short-term extirpation rates. In sum, I rejected several prominent hypotheses aiming to explain richness–climate relationship and found several lines of evidence inconsistent with the common idea that climatic constraints on individual species, by themselves, can explain richness–climate relationship. I propose a mechanism to explain, as a first approximation, the continental biogeography of species distributions that relies on neutral processes of dispersal and local extinctions within species’ broad deterministic thermal tolerances.

Subjects/Keywords: macroecology; biogeography; species richness

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APA (6^th Edition):

Boucher-Lalonde, V. (2016). Predicting Broad-scale Patterns in Species Distributions . (Thesis). University of Ottawa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34306

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Boucher-Lalonde, Véronique. “Predicting Broad-scale Patterns in Species Distributions .” 2016. Thesis, University of Ottawa. Accessed January 22, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34306.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Boucher-Lalonde, Véronique. “Predicting Broad-scale Patterns in Species Distributions .” 2016. Web. 22 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Boucher-Lalonde V. Predicting Broad-scale Patterns in Species Distributions . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2016. [cited 2020 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34306.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Boucher-Lalonde V. Predicting Broad-scale Patterns in Species Distributions . [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34306

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

9. Peach, Michelle. Evaluating the Role of Protected Areas in Mitigating Avian Responses to Climate and Land Use Change.

Degree: 2017, State University of New York Col. of Environmental Science & Forestry

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10623168

► Billions of dollars have been invested in land protection as a strategy to conserve biodiversity based on the assumption that protected areas buffer species… (more)

▼ Billions of dollars have been invested in land protection as a strategy to conserve biodiversity based on the assumption that protected areas buffer species from processes that drive extinction. Increasingly, protected area expansion and connectivity are being incorporated into climate change adaptation strategies to facilitate anticipated shifts in species ranges in response to predicted changes in temperature and precipitation. However, the effectiveness of protected areas at maintaining biodiversity, either by reducing the risk of extinction or facilitating colonization into new areas, has not been well established. In addition, the growing reliance on multiple-use protected areas that allow resource extraction, such as timber harvest and mineral mining, has raised questions about whether multiple-use protected areas are equally beneficial for long-term biodiversity conservation as more strictly protected areas that limit active resource management. In order to address these questions using repeated Breeding Bird Atlas data, I first had to confront the limitations of existing approaches to account for imperfect detection by developing a novel modelling approach to addresses the gap between requirements of other multi-season occupancy models (i.e. repeated sampling) and existing datasets. I then applied that single-visit dynamic occupancy modelling approach to Atlas data in New York and Pennsylvania for 97 species to quantify drivers of colonization and extinction while accounting for imperfect detection in landscapes that varied by type and amount of land cover and area under protection. In general, protected areas increased colonization and lowered extinction probabilities to an increasing degree as both forest cover and neighborhood protection decreased, with particular benefits for forest breeding birds. Both strict and multiple-use protected areas increased colonization and reduced extinction more for mature forest species than early forest species, with the greatest benefits accruing when forest cover was relatively low. These results provided the most comprehensive evidence to date that protected areas can facilitate species persistence by both reducing the risk of extinction and providing attractive colonization sites as species’ ranges shift and that biodiversity conservation can be compatible with renewable resource extraction.

Subjects/Keywords: Wildlife conservation; Conservation biology; Macroecology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Peach, M. (2017). Evaluating the Role of Protected Areas in Mitigating Avian Responses to Climate and Land Use Change. (Thesis). State University of New York Col. of Environmental Science & Forestry. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10623168

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Peach, Michelle. “Evaluating the Role of Protected Areas in Mitigating Avian Responses to Climate and Land Use Change.” 2017. Thesis, State University of New York Col. of Environmental Science & Forestry. Accessed January 22, 2020. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10623168.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Peach, Michelle. “Evaluating the Role of Protected Areas in Mitigating Avian Responses to Climate and Land Use Change.” 2017. Web. 22 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Peach M. Evaluating the Role of Protected Areas in Mitigating Avian Responses to Climate and Land Use Change. [Internet] [Thesis]. State University of New York Col. of Environmental Science & Forestry; 2017. [cited 2020 Jan 22]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10623168.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Peach M. Evaluating the Role of Protected Areas in Mitigating Avian Responses to Climate and Land Use Change. [Thesis]. State University of New York Col. of Environmental Science & Forestry; 2017. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10623168

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

10. Treat, Claire. Modeling permafrost stability in peatlands with climate change and disturbance.

Degree: MS, 2010, University of New Hampshire

URL: https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis/589

► Boreal and arctic regions are predicted to warm faster and more severely than temperate latitudes. They contain large stocks of below- ground soil carbon… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Geophysics; Biogeochemistry; Biology; Macroecology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Treat, C. (2010). Modeling permafrost stability in peatlands with climate change and disturbance. (Thesis). University of New Hampshire. Retrieved from https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis/589

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Treat, Claire. “Modeling permafrost stability in peatlands with climate change and disturbance.” 2010. Thesis, University of New Hampshire. Accessed January 22, 2020. https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis/589.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Treat, Claire. “Modeling permafrost stability in peatlands with climate change and disturbance.” 2010. Web. 22 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Treat C. Modeling permafrost stability in peatlands with climate change and disturbance. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of New Hampshire; 2010. [cited 2020 Jan 22]. Available from: https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis/589.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Treat C. Modeling permafrost stability in peatlands with climate change and disturbance. [Thesis]. University of New Hampshire; 2010. Available from: https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis/589

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

11. Watson, James R. Ocean Connectivity and Nearshore Marine Species Population Dynamics.

Degree: 2011, University of California, Santa Barbara

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3473803

► This dissertation addresses the spatial dynamics of marine species in nearshore environments. These are some of the most productive and diverse regions on earth,… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Biology, Ecology; Biology, Oceanography; Biology, Macroecology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Watson, J. R. (2011). Ocean Connectivity and Nearshore Marine Species Population Dynamics. (Thesis). University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3473803

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Watson, James R. “Ocean Connectivity and Nearshore Marine Species Population Dynamics.” 2011. Thesis, University of California, Santa Barbara. Accessed January 22, 2020. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3473803.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Watson, James R. “Ocean Connectivity and Nearshore Marine Species Population Dynamics.” 2011. Web. 22 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Watson JR. Ocean Connectivity and Nearshore Marine Species Population Dynamics. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California, Santa Barbara; 2011. [cited 2020 Jan 22]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3473803.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Watson JR. Ocean Connectivity and Nearshore Marine Species Population Dynamics. [Thesis]. University of California, Santa Barbara; 2011. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3473803

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

12. Carvalho, Tiago Pinto. Systematics and Evolution of the Toothless Knifefishes Rhamphichthyoidea Mago-Leccia (Actinopterygii| Gymnotiformes)| Diversification in South American Freshwaters.

Degree: 2014, University of Louisiana at Lafayette

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3615286

► Rhamphichthyoidea is a monophyletic clade of Neotropical electric fishes (Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes), with about 55 known species, some still awaiting formal description. These species are… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Biology, Macroecology; Biology, Zoology; Latin American Studies

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APA (6^th Edition):

Carvalho, T. P. (2014). Systematics and Evolution of the Toothless Knifefishes Rhamphichthyoidea Mago-Leccia (Actinopterygii| Gymnotiformes)| Diversification in South American Freshwaters. (Thesis). University of Louisiana at Lafayette. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3615286

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Carvalho, Tiago Pinto. “Systematics and Evolution of the Toothless Knifefishes Rhamphichthyoidea Mago-Leccia (Actinopterygii| Gymnotiformes)| Diversification in South American Freshwaters.” 2014. Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette. Accessed January 22, 2020. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3615286.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Carvalho, Tiago Pinto. “Systematics and Evolution of the Toothless Knifefishes Rhamphichthyoidea Mago-Leccia (Actinopterygii| Gymnotiformes)| Diversification in South American Freshwaters.” 2014. Web. 22 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Carvalho TP. Systematics and Evolution of the Toothless Knifefishes Rhamphichthyoidea Mago-Leccia (Actinopterygii| Gymnotiformes)| Diversification in South American Freshwaters. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Louisiana at Lafayette; 2014. [cited 2020 Jan 22]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3615286.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Carvalho TP. Systematics and Evolution of the Toothless Knifefishes Rhamphichthyoidea Mago-Leccia (Actinopterygii| Gymnotiformes)| Diversification in South American Freshwaters. [Thesis]. University of Louisiana at Lafayette; 2014. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3615286

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of New Mexico

13. Grady, John M. Energetics Across Ecological Scales.

Degree: UNM Biology Department, 2016, University of New Mexico

URL: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/biol_etds/121

► Energy is a common currency of ecological interactions. In this dissertation, I consider ecological energetics at different temporal, spatial and organizational scales. In my first… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Ecology Energetics Metabolic Macroecology Biogeography Dinosaurs

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APA (6^th Edition):

Grady, J. M. (2016). Energetics Across Ecological Scales. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New Mexico. Retrieved from https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/biol_etds/121

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Grady, John M. “Energetics Across Ecological Scales.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New Mexico. Accessed January 22, 2020. https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/biol_etds/121.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Grady, John M. “Energetics Across Ecological Scales.” 2016. Web. 22 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Grady JM. Energetics Across Ecological Scales. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New Mexico; 2016. [cited 2020 Jan 22]. Available from: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/biol_etds/121.

Council of Science Editors:

Grady JM. Energetics Across Ecological Scales. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New Mexico; 2016. Available from: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/biol_etds/121

University of New Mexico

14. Fristoe, Trevor S. Constraints on distributions and diversity of birds and mammals over variable environments.

Degree: UNM Biology Department, 2015, University of New Mexico

URL: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/biol_etds/39

► The distributions of species are determined by intrinsic factors such as physiological tolerances as well as extrinsic factors of the environment such as the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Macroecology; metabolic ecology; birds; mammals; biogeography; Biology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Fristoe, T. S. (2015). Constraints on distributions and diversity of birds and mammals over variable environments. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New Mexico. Retrieved from https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/biol_etds/39

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fristoe, Trevor S. “Constraints on distributions and diversity of birds and mammals over variable environments.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New Mexico. Accessed January 22, 2020. https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/biol_etds/39.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fristoe, Trevor S. “Constraints on distributions and diversity of birds and mammals over variable environments.” 2015. Web. 22 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Fristoe TS. Constraints on distributions and diversity of birds and mammals over variable environments. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New Mexico; 2015. [cited 2020 Jan 22]. Available from: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/biol_etds/39.

Council of Science Editors:

Fristoe TS. Constraints on distributions and diversity of birds and mammals over variable environments. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New Mexico; 2015. Available from: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/biol_etds/39

University of California – Berkeley

15. Sapozhnikova, Anna. Emotional Behavior in Couples with bvFTD: Implications for Caregiver Relationship Satisfaction and Psychological Well-being.

Degree: Psychology, 2015, University of California – Berkeley

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2hp2q5th

► AbstractEmotional Behavior in Couples with bvFTD: Implications for Caregiver Relationship Satisfaction and Psychological Well-beingbyAnna SapozhnikovaDoctor of Philosophy in PsychologyUniversity of California, BerkeleyProfessor Robert W. Levenson,… (more)

▼ AbstractEmotional Behavior in Couples with bvFTD: Implications for Caregiver Relationship Satisfaction and Psychological Well-beingbyAnna SapozhnikovaDoctor of Philosophy in PsychologyUniversity of California, BerkeleyProfessor Robert W. Levenson, ChairEmotions are an important part of marital life. Prior research indicates that patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) experience significant impairments in socioemotional functioning, including emotional blunting, inappropriate behavior and decreased empathy (Neary et al., 1998). These changes in patients often strain marriages and can lead to a decline in marital satisfaction and increase the risk of depression in the healthy spouse (Ascher et al., 2010, Braun et al., 2010). However, few studies have explored the emotional dynamics of couples living with bvFTD in a systematic way (Braun et al., 2009). The aim of this study was to extend our understanding of the emotional dynamics of couples where one spouse has bvFTD as well as to understand the association between emotional behavior during the marital interaction and the caregiving spouse’s relationship satisfaction and psychological well-being, looking specifically at depression. This study examined emotional behavior and emotional reciprocity of couples where one spouse is diagnosed with either bvFTD (N=30) or Alzheimer’s disease (N=30) in the context of a 10-minute naturalistic marital interaction in comparison to healthy controls (N=29). Emotional behavior was coded using the Specific Affect Coding System (SPAFF), which consists of five positive emotional behavior codes, ten negative emotional behavior codes, and a neutral code. Emotional reciprocity between spouses was established using the Allison and Liker (1982) statistic. The study also examined the relationship between positive and negative emotional behavior as well as escalating and de-escalating patterns of emotional reciprocity and the caregiving spouse’s self-reported marital satisfaction and levels of depression. The current findings reveal a loss of humor and reciprocity of positive emotion and an exacerbation in negative emotion (e.g., criticism, sadness) and conflict escalation in couples with bvFTD during a marital interaction. Furthermore, low positive emotion, high negative emotion and conflict escalation are associated with low marital satisfaction and high negative emotion is related to increased levels of depression in the spousal caregiver.

Subjects/Keywords: Psychology; Macroecology; bvFTD; Caregiving; Dementia; Emotion; Marriage

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sapozhnikova, A. (2015). Emotional Behavior in Couples with bvFTD: Implications for Caregiver Relationship Satisfaction and Psychological Well-being. (Thesis). University of California – Berkeley. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2hp2q5th

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sapozhnikova, Anna. “Emotional Behavior in Couples with bvFTD: Implications for Caregiver Relationship Satisfaction and Psychological Well-being.” 2015. Thesis, University of California – Berkeley. Accessed January 22, 2020. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2hp2q5th.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sapozhnikova, Anna. “Emotional Behavior in Couples with bvFTD: Implications for Caregiver Relationship Satisfaction and Psychological Well-being.” 2015. Web. 22 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Sapozhnikova A. Emotional Behavior in Couples with bvFTD: Implications for Caregiver Relationship Satisfaction and Psychological Well-being. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2015. [cited 2020 Jan 22]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2hp2q5th.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Sapozhnikova A. Emotional Behavior in Couples with bvFTD: Implications for Caregiver Relationship Satisfaction and Psychological Well-being. [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2015. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2hp2q5th

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Kansas

16. Thai, Michael. A Macroecological Approach to Understanding Drivers of Riverine Fish Community Composition.

Degree: MA, Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, 2017, University of Kansas

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/26045

► Macroecology is an evolving ecological discipline that analyzes regional through global processes whose temporal interactions are especially significant over decades to millennia. Understanding if and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Ecology; Aquatic sciences; Macroecology; fish traits; Great Basin; macroecology; river communities; riverine ecosystem synthesis; valley hydrogeomorphology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Thai, M. (2017). A Macroecological Approach to Understanding Drivers of Riverine Fish Community Composition. (Masters Thesis). University of Kansas. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1808/26045

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Thai, Michael. “A Macroecological Approach to Understanding Drivers of Riverine Fish Community Composition.” 2017. Masters Thesis, University of Kansas. Accessed January 22, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1808/26045.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Thai, Michael. “A Macroecological Approach to Understanding Drivers of Riverine Fish Community Composition.” 2017. Web. 22 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Thai M. A Macroecological Approach to Understanding Drivers of Riverine Fish Community Composition. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Kansas; 2017. [cited 2020 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/26045.

Council of Science Editors:

Thai M. A Macroecological Approach to Understanding Drivers of Riverine Fish Community Composition. [Masters Thesis]. University of Kansas; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/26045

University of Plymouth

17. Abada, Ahmed El-Sayed Ahmed. From rivers to oceans : a comparison of contrasting aquatic ecosystems using benthic size spectra.

Degree: PhD, 2000, University of Plymouth

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1671

► This thesis uses a range of different size spectra to compare contrasting benthic habitats in the aquatic realm. Temporal and spatial variation in benthic size… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: 577; Habitats; Salinity; Macroecology; Evolution

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APA (6^th Edition):

Abada, A. E. A. (2000). From rivers to oceans : a comparison of contrasting aquatic ecosystems using benthic size spectra. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Plymouth. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1671

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Abada, Ahmed El-Sayed Ahmed. “From rivers to oceans : a comparison of contrasting aquatic ecosystems using benthic size spectra.” 2000. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Plymouth. Accessed January 22, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1671.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Abada, Ahmed El-Sayed Ahmed. “From rivers to oceans : a comparison of contrasting aquatic ecosystems using benthic size spectra.” 2000. Web. 22 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Abada AEA. From rivers to oceans : a comparison of contrasting aquatic ecosystems using benthic size spectra. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Plymouth; 2000. [cited 2020 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1671.

Council of Science Editors:

Abada AEA. From rivers to oceans : a comparison of contrasting aquatic ecosystems using benthic size spectra. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Plymouth; 2000. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1671

University of New Mexico

18. Burger, Joseph Robert. Macroecology and Sociobiology of Humans and other Mammals.

Degree: UNM Biology Department, 2015, University of New Mexico

URL: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/biol_etds/11

► Despite being the most studied species on the planet, ecologists typically do not study humans the same way we study other organisms. My Ph.D. thesis… (more)

▼ Despite being the most studied species on the planet, ecologists typically do not study humans the same way we study other organisms. My Ph.D. thesis contributes to scientific development in two ways: i) synthesizing our understand of the inter and intraspecific variation in social behavior in an understudied rodent lineage, the caviomorphs, providing a comparative context to understand social evolution in general, and 2) developing a macroecological approach to understand the metabolic trajectory of the human species. Through comparative analysis, chapter 2 synthesizes the available information on the diversity of sociality in the caviomorph rodents, both within and across species. Studies and theory derived from better-studied mammalian taxa establish an integrative and comparative framework from which to examine social systems in caviomorphs. We synthesize the literature to evaluate variation in space use, group size, mating systems, and parental care strategies in caviomorphs in the context of current hypotheses. We highlight unique aspects of caviomorph biology and offer potentially fruitful lines for future research both at the inter and intraspecific levels. We can gain unique insights into the ecological drivers and evolutionary significance of diverse animal societies by studying this diverse taxon. Chapter 3 outlines core ecological principles that should be integral to a science of sustainability: 1) physical conservation laws govern the flows of energy and materials between human systems and the environment, 2) smaller systems are connected by these flows to larger systems in which they are embedded, 3) global constraints ultimately limit flows at smaller scales. Over the past few decades, decreasing per-capita rates of consumption of petroleum, phosphate, agricultural land, fresh water, fish, and wood indicate that the growing human population has surpassed the capacity of the Earth to supply enough of these essential resources to sustain even the current population and level of socioeconomic development. Chapter 4 applies a socio-metabolic perspective of the urban transition coupled with empirical examination of cross-country data spanning decades. It highlights the central role of extra-metabolic energy in global urbanization and the coinciding transition from resource extraction to industrial and service economies. The global urban transition from resource producers in rural areas, to industrial and service employment in urban systems is fuelled by supplementing extra-metabolic energy in the form of fossil fuels for decreasing human and animal labor. Collectively, I hope this work demonstrates the utility of comparative analysis and synthesis in understanding the evolutionary ecology of sociality and the power of a macroecological approach in understanding the metabolic ecology and trajectory of the human species. Advisors/Committee Members: Brown, James, Smith, Felisa, Moses, Melanie, Milne, Bruce.

Subjects/Keywords: Human Ecology; Macroecology; Metabolic Ecology; Sociality; Sustainability; Cities

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APA (6^th Edition):

Burger, J. R. (2015). Macroecology and Sociobiology of Humans and other Mammals. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New Mexico. Retrieved from https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/biol_etds/11

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Burger, Joseph Robert. “Macroecology and Sociobiology of Humans and other Mammals.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New Mexico. Accessed January 22, 2020. https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/biol_etds/11.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Burger, Joseph Robert. “Macroecology and Sociobiology of Humans and other Mammals.” 2015. Web. 22 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Burger JR. Macroecology and Sociobiology of Humans and other Mammals. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New Mexico; 2015. [cited 2020 Jan 22]. Available from: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/biol_etds/11.

Council of Science Editors:

Burger JR. Macroecology and Sociobiology of Humans and other Mammals. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New Mexico; 2015. Available from: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/biol_etds/11

University of Florida

19. Gallice, Geoffrey R. Macroecology of Neotropical Clearwing Butterflies (Nymphalidae: Ithomiini).

Degree: PhD, Entomology and Nematology, 2015, University of Florida

URL: http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0049067

Subjects/Keywords: abundance; distribution; ithomiini; macroecology; neotropics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gallice, G. R. (2015). Macroecology of Neotropical Clearwing Butterflies (Nymphalidae: Ithomiini). (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Florida. Retrieved from http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0049067

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gallice, Geoffrey R. “Macroecology of Neotropical Clearwing Butterflies (Nymphalidae: Ithomiini).” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Florida. Accessed January 22, 2020. http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0049067.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gallice, Geoffrey R. “Macroecology of Neotropical Clearwing Butterflies (Nymphalidae: Ithomiini).” 2015. Web. 22 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Gallice GR. Macroecology of Neotropical Clearwing Butterflies (Nymphalidae: Ithomiini). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Florida; 2015. [cited 2020 Jan 22]. Available from: http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0049067.

Council of Science Editors:

Gallice GR. Macroecology of Neotropical Clearwing Butterflies (Nymphalidae: Ithomiini). [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Florida; 2015. Available from: http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0049067

20. Cowen, Madeline. Multiple routes to interspecific territoriality in sister species of North American songbirds.

Degree: Biology, 2018, UCLA

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1674n2m4

► Behavioral interference between species can influence a wide range of ecological and evolutionary processes. For example, aggressive and reproductive interference can lead to competitive exclusion,… (more)

▼ Behavioral interference between species can influence a wide range of ecological and evolutionary processes. For example, aggressive and reproductive interference can lead to competitive exclusion, facilitate invasions, and limit how species ranges shift in response to climate change. While empirical examples of these diverse outcomes abound, a general understanding of when these behaviors arise is necessary to improve predictions of species coexistence and patterns of biodiversity. One type of behavioral interference, interspecific territoriality, has been found to generate important ecological and evolutionary patterns across numerous taxonomic groups, yet still unknown are the ecological circumstances associated with interspecific territoriality and its likelihood to persist through time. Here I present the first comparative study of interspecific territoriality among all sister species of North American songbirds. I tested core hypotheses regarding the origins and maintenance of interspecific territoriality and evaluated the role of interspecific territoriality and hybridization in shaping species distributions and in determining the likelihood of closely related species transitioning from parapatry to sympatry. To do so, I conducted extensive literature searches to identify sister species pairs that exhibit interspecific territoriality and assessed whether ecological traits and morphological divergence predict interspecific territoriality. Among closely related North American songbirds, interspecific territoriality is pervasive, and interspecifically territorial species pairs have more recently diverged than non-interspecifically territorial pairs. Analysis of the ecological correlates of interspecific territoriality indicates that misdirected intraspecific aggression and resource competition can each lead to interspecific territoriality. These patterns have implications for the ability of species pairs to coexist in sympatry: time since divergence between closely related songbird species does not predict breeding range overlap, nor does interspecific territoriality enable closely related species to transition from parapatric to sympatric distributions. Instead, the combination of interspecific territoriality and hybridization appears to be an unstable state associated with parapatry, whereas species that are interspecifically territorial and do not hybridize are able to achieve fine-scale and coarse-scale breeding range overlap. In sum, these results suggest that interspecific territoriality has multiple ecological origins and that interspecific territoriality and hybridization together can have striking impacts on species ranges. Our work highlights the value of comparative analyses for identifying ecological causes and evolutionary outcomes of this important interspecific behavioral interaction.

Subjects/Keywords: Ecology; Macroecology; breeding; hybridization; interference competition; interspecific territoriality; Passeriformes; sympatry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cowen, M. (2018). Multiple routes to interspecific territoriality in sister species of North American songbirds. (Thesis). UCLA. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1674n2m4

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cowen, Madeline. “Multiple routes to interspecific territoriality in sister species of North American songbirds.” 2018. Thesis, UCLA. Accessed January 22, 2020. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1674n2m4.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cowen, Madeline. “Multiple routes to interspecific territoriality in sister species of North American songbirds.” 2018. Web. 22 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Cowen M. Multiple routes to interspecific territoriality in sister species of North American songbirds. [Internet] [Thesis]. UCLA; 2018. [cited 2020 Jan 22]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1674n2m4.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Cowen M. Multiple routes to interspecific territoriality in sister species of North American songbirds. [Thesis]. UCLA; 2018. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1674n2m4

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Louisiana State University

21. Gavilanez, Maria Mercedes. Examining neotropical primate community structure at regional and local scales : insights from taxonomic and phylogenetic approaches.

Degree: PhD, 2013, Louisiana State University

URL: etd-06172013-102515 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/897

► Understanding mechanisms underlying distribution of biodiversity remains a central issue in ecology. I integrate ecological and phylogenetic information at multiple spatial scales to better… (more)

▼ Understanding mechanisms underlying distribution of biodiversity remains a central issue in ecology. I integrate ecological and phylogenetic information at multiple spatial scales to better understand neotropical primate distribution and community structure. I investigate the variation within species ranges in relation to species richness and patterns of species relatedness. Results suggest positive associations among species throughout their distributions, whereby species tend to present higher richness within their ranges than average richness for the entire taxon. However, comparing empirical distributions to a null model of range cohesion suggests mechanisms other than dispersal are setting a limit to the number of species capable of co-occurring throughout a species’ range. These differences in species associations across geographic ranges generate variation in local community composition. I analyzed the relative contribution of ecological, historical and spatial processes in determining taxonomic and phylogenetic community structure across 74 sites throughout the Neotropics. Spatial predictors explained most of the independent variation for taxonomic and phylogenetic metrics, suggesting spatial processes, such as dispersal limitation, are important determinants of community structure. Most of the contribution of environmental predictors was associated with spatial processes, evincing importance of environmental and spatial gradients in determining change in community structure. While the overall contributions of predictors were similar for taxonomic and phylogenetic metrics, analyses of phylogenetic metrics independently presented complex relationships. At local communities, niche differentiation is expected to allow species coexistence. However, these differences may reflect evolutionary constraints of species, rather than active selection. I investigated niche overlap and presence of niche conservatism for primate species at three communities. For the niche characteristics measured by my study, I found no significant differences in niches of closely related species within sites. However, when comparing niches across sites, significant differences were registered between populations of the same species or closely related species. These findings suggest ecological differentiation may be acting at large spatial scales promoting niche differentiation, while at local scales phylogenetic constraints may be a stronger driver of community structure. Overall, these results represent valuable insights regarding our understanding of mechanisms responsible for generating and maintaining community structure for a highly diverse tropical mammal radiation.

Subjects/Keywords: regional distribution; phylogenetic; Neotropical; macroecology; Primates; community structure

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Gavilanez, M. M. (2013). Examining neotropical primate community structure at regional and local scales : insights from taxonomic and phylogenetic approaches. (Doctoral Dissertation). Louisiana State University. Retrieved from etd-06172013-102515 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/897

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gavilanez, Maria Mercedes. “Examining neotropical primate community structure at regional and local scales : insights from taxonomic and phylogenetic approaches.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Louisiana State University. Accessed January 22, 2020. etd-06172013-102515 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/897.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gavilanez, Maria Mercedes. “Examining neotropical primate community structure at regional and local scales : insights from taxonomic and phylogenetic approaches.” 2013. Web. 22 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Gavilanez MM. Examining neotropical primate community structure at regional and local scales : insights from taxonomic and phylogenetic approaches. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Louisiana State University; 2013. [cited 2020 Jan 22]. Available from: etd-06172013-102515 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/897.

Council of Science Editors:

Gavilanez MM. Examining neotropical primate community structure at regional and local scales : insights from taxonomic and phylogenetic approaches. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Louisiana State University; 2013. Available from: etd-06172013-102515 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/897

University of California – San Diego

22. Wilman, Hamish Alexander Colin. The energetic niche of species: integrating single-species and ecosystem perspectives on species' role in communities.

Degree: Biology, 2011, University of California – San Diego

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5h54g0nq

► Energy is a core ecological currency and modeling its fluxes has provided important insights for fundamental questions of both species - environment interactions and ecosystem… (more)

▼ Energy is a core ecological currency and modeling its fluxes has provided important insights for fundamental questions of both species - environment interactions and ecosystem processes. The energetic need of species has received attention as being a core ecological trait that may reconcile the two perspectives. However, researchers have previously relied on crude measures of energy needs, depending on proxies in lieu of direct measurement. In addition, an integrative energetic framework accounting for species energy needs, energy flow through ecosystems, and energetic interactions between species is lacking. I present such a framework here and consider the energetic position or "metabolic niche" of a species in an assemblage. Primary productivity required (PPR) measures the amount of energy from primary productivity required to sustain the daily energy needs of a species. PPR quantifies the "metabolic niche" of species by accounting not only for basic energetic requirements, but also energy flow (and importantly, energy loss) in animal communities. Thus, PPR extends the species-based approach to consider potential constraints of community assembly at the ecosystem level.In Chapter 1 I present justification for the use of PPR as a valuable measure of energy needs in ecological studies at both the species and community levels. I quantify PPR for all mammals and birds globally and provide a first exploration of the major patterns. Further, I discuss implications of PPR across the fields of ecology, evolution, and conservation biology.In Chapter 2 I develop a model using PPRs of species to predict community-level abundance distributions. I show that PPR, by quantifying a single dividable resource axis, places species energy needs in a community context and provides accurate prediction of species abundance distributions.In Chapter 3 I quantitatively describe the strong relationship between energy needs and population abundance. I explore additional biotic, abiotic, and biogeographic predictors of abundance, highlighting the fundamental importance of energy needs and, after controlling for PPR, the lessened value of some predictors previously thought significant. In Chapter 4 I explore geographic patterns of community PPR distributions and describe how analyzing the shape of those distributions provides insight into how animal communities are assembled.

Subjects/Keywords: Biology; Ecology; Macroecology; Abundance; Community; Energy; Metabolism; Niche; Trophic

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wilman, H. A. C. (2011). The energetic niche of species: integrating single-species and ecosystem perspectives on species' role in communities. (Thesis). University of California – San Diego. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5h54g0nq

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wilman, Hamish Alexander Colin. “The energetic niche of species: integrating single-species and ecosystem perspectives on species' role in communities.” 2011. Thesis, University of California – San Diego. Accessed January 22, 2020. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5h54g0nq.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wilman, Hamish Alexander Colin. “The energetic niche of species: integrating single-species and ecosystem perspectives on species' role in communities.” 2011. Web. 22 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Wilman HAC. The energetic niche of species: integrating single-species and ecosystem perspectives on species' role in communities. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2011. [cited 2020 Jan 22]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5h54g0nq.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wilman HAC. The energetic niche of species: integrating single-species and ecosystem perspectives on species' role in communities. [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2011. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5h54g0nq

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

23. Gascuel, Fanny. Processus d'émergence des patrons de diversité supra-spécifiques lors des radiations évolutives : Processes of emergence of large scale diversity patterns during evolutionary radiations.

Degree: Docteur es, Ecologie et Evolution, 2016, Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris VI

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066124

►

Les radiations évolutives sont des phénomènes de diversification rapide, et une source majeure de la diversité biologique sur Terre. J'explore ici l'hypothèse selon laquelle les… (more)

▼

Les radiations évolutives sont des phénomènes de diversification rapide, et une source majeure de la diversité biologique sur Terre. J'explore ici l'hypothèse selon laquelle les mécanismes écologiques et génétiques à la base des radiations évolutives structurent les patrons macroécologiques et macroévolutifs de diversité. Pour ce faire, j'analyse les prédictions de plusieurs modèles de radiation émergeant des dynamiques spatio-temporelles à l'échelle individuelle. Ces analyses montrent d'abord que la structuration spatiale est un facteur majeur de diversité et d'endémisme au sein des archipels océaniques, en raison d'interactions entre dispersion et spéciation allopatrique. L'intégration de la dynamique des paysages et des processus d'interactions compétitives révèle ensuite comment ces facteurs se combinent pour structurer la forme des arbres phylogénétiques, et notamment générer des arbres déséquilibrés et une décélération du tempo de branchement, souvent observés dans les phylogénies moléculaires. J'explore alors les mécanismes responsables de cette décélération. Je montre qu'elle reflète une diversité-dépendance négative du taux de spéciation, liée à une réduction de la persistance et différentiation écologique des nouvelles populations. Le taux d'extinction n'est lui pas influencé par la diversité, les extinctions étant ici surtout causées par une combinaison d'exclusion compétitive et d'hybridation d'espèces incipientes. Enfin, je mets en évidence l'importance, lors d'une crise d'extinction, de la topologie rangée des arbres phylogénétiques et de la distribution des extinctions sur les pertes de diversité phylogénétique, et donc sur le potentiel d'évolution future.

Evolutionary radiations are phenomena of rapid diversification, and one of the major sources of biodiversity on Earth. Here, I explore the hypothesis that ecological and genetic mechanisms underpinning evolutionary radiations structure macroecological and macroevolutionary patterns of diversity. To this end, I analyse the predictions of several models in which radiations emerge from spatio-temporal dynamics at the scale of the individual. These analyses first show that spatial structure is a major driver of diversity and endemism on oceanic archipelagos due to interactions between dispersal and allopatric speciation. Second, by integrating landscape dynamics and the processes of competitive interactions, I reveal how these factors combine to shape phylogenetic trees, and in particular to beget trees that are unbalanced and exhibit a deceleration in branching tempo, which is often observed on molecular phylogenies. I then explore the mechanisms responsible for this deceleration. I show that it reflects a negative diversity-dependence of the speciation rate, itself linked to a reduction in the persistence and ecological differentiation of new populations. The extinction rate is, on the other hand, uninfluenced by species diversity, extinctions being here mainly caused by a combinaison of competitive exclusion and hybridization of incipient species.…

Advisors/Committee Members: Ferrière, Régis (thesis director), Lambert, Amaury (thesis director).

Subjects/Keywords: Macroévolution; Macroécologie; Spéciation; Extinction; Phylogénie; Compétition; Macroevolution; Macroecology; Speciation; 577

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gascuel, F. (2016). Processus d'émergence des patrons de diversité supra-spécifiques lors des radiations évolutives : Processes of emergence of large scale diversity patterns during evolutionary radiations. (Doctoral Dissertation). Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris VI. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066124

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gascuel, Fanny. “Processus d'émergence des patrons de diversité supra-spécifiques lors des radiations évolutives : Processes of emergence of large scale diversity patterns during evolutionary radiations.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris VI. Accessed January 22, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066124.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gascuel, Fanny. “Processus d'émergence des patrons de diversité supra-spécifiques lors des radiations évolutives : Processes of emergence of large scale diversity patterns during evolutionary radiations.” 2016. Web. 22 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Gascuel F. Processus d'émergence des patrons de diversité supra-spécifiques lors des radiations évolutives : Processes of emergence of large scale diversity patterns during evolutionary radiations. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris VI; 2016. [cited 2020 Jan 22]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066124.

Council of Science Editors:

Gascuel F. Processus d'émergence des patrons de diversité supra-spécifiques lors des radiations évolutives : Processes of emergence of large scale diversity patterns during evolutionary radiations. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris VI; 2016. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066124

Drexel University

24. Baudier, Kaitlin Mari. Microhabitat and elevational patterns in thermal tolerance and thermoregulation of Neotropical army ants (Formicidae: Dorylinae).

Degree: 2017, Drexel University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1860/idea:7310

►

Temperature is a major abiotic factor governing organismal performance and biotic distribution patterns worldwide. How different spatial resolutions of temperature variation relate to the thermal… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Ecology; Physiology; Entomology; Climatology; Macroecology; Thermal tolerance (Physiology); Body temperature – Regulation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Baudier, K. M. (2017). Microhabitat and elevational patterns in thermal tolerance and thermoregulation of Neotropical army ants (Formicidae: Dorylinae). (Thesis). Drexel University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1860/idea:7310

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Baudier, Kaitlin Mari. “Microhabitat and elevational patterns in thermal tolerance and thermoregulation of Neotropical army ants (Formicidae: Dorylinae).” 2017. Thesis, Drexel University. Accessed January 22, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/idea:7310.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Baudier, Kaitlin Mari. “Microhabitat and elevational patterns in thermal tolerance and thermoregulation of Neotropical army ants (Formicidae: Dorylinae).” 2017. Web. 22 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Baudier KM. Microhabitat and elevational patterns in thermal tolerance and thermoregulation of Neotropical army ants (Formicidae: Dorylinae). [Internet] [Thesis]. Drexel University; 2017. [cited 2020 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1860/idea:7310.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Baudier KM. Microhabitat and elevational patterns in thermal tolerance and thermoregulation of Neotropical army ants (Formicidae: Dorylinae). [Thesis]. Drexel University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1860/idea:7310

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Colorado

25. DiMartino, Trevor J. Ratchet Mechanisms in Macroevolutionary Processes.

Degree: MS, 2018, University of Colorado

URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/csci_gradetds/183

► How have we arrived at the diverse set of complex species that we currently find in our world? Using statistical simulations of evolutionary processes, this… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: macroevolution; ratchet; statistics; macroecology; complexities; Computer Sciences; Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

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APA (6^th Edition):

DiMartino, T. J. (2018). Ratchet Mechanisms in Macroevolutionary Processes. (Masters Thesis). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/csci_gradetds/183

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

DiMartino, Trevor J. “Ratchet Mechanisms in Macroevolutionary Processes.” 2018. Masters Thesis, University of Colorado. Accessed January 22, 2020. https://scholar.colorado.edu/csci_gradetds/183.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

DiMartino, Trevor J. “Ratchet Mechanisms in Macroevolutionary Processes.” 2018. Web. 22 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

DiMartino TJ. Ratchet Mechanisms in Macroevolutionary Processes. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Colorado; 2018. [cited 2020 Jan 22]. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/csci_gradetds/183.

Council of Science Editors:

DiMartino TJ. Ratchet Mechanisms in Macroevolutionary Processes. [Masters Thesis]. University of Colorado; 2018. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/csci_gradetds/183

University of Ottawa

26. Rich, Johnathan. Are Species’ Geographic Ranges Mainly Determined by Climate? .

Degree: 2017, University of Ottawa

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35926

► Aim It is commonly asserted that climate presents the primary constraint on species’ geographic distributions, and therefore, that species' ranges shift in response to changing… (more)

▼ Aim It is commonly asserted that climate presents the primary constraint on species’ geographic distributions, and therefore, that species' ranges shift in response to changing climate given their specific climatic tolerances. However, supporting evidence is surprisingly inconsistent. Alternatively, spatially structured processes (e.g., dispersal) could more strongly determine species’ geographic distributions. Is climate the primary determinant of species’ geographic distributions, or might non-climatic, spatial processes constitute a stronger influence, such that the effect of climate is indirect? This study tests a number of predictions made by each of these hypotheses, during a single period of time. Location Contiguous United States and southern Canada. Methods We used 19 species of passerine birds whose distributions fall entirely within the area sampled by the North American Breeding Bird Survey from 1990-2000. We related these distributions to the mean breeding season climate, geographic locations and neighbourhood effects. Two spatial scales were addressed to assess the geographic location of species’ ranges and species' distributions within ranges. Results On average, geographic coordinates and a model representing neighbourhood occupancy outperform a simple climatic model. After controlling for geographic coordinates, species occupancy is poorly related to climate. A neighbourhood model on average accounts for the majority of variance captured by geographic coordinates within ranges, and more for the continental placement of ranges. Spatially explicit variables are more important than macroclimatic variables in a predictive model of species occupancy on average. Main Conclusions The geographic distributions of wide-spread North American passerine birds appear not to be primarily determined by climate. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that localized spatial processes such as dispersal are stronger determinants of both continental range placement and within-range distributions of North American birds.

Subjects/Keywords: birds; species distributions; spatial autocorrelation; climate; range placement; macroecology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Rich, J. (2017). Are Species’ Geographic Ranges Mainly Determined by Climate? . (Thesis). University of Ottawa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35926

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rich, Johnathan. “Are Species’ Geographic Ranges Mainly Determined by Climate? .” 2017. Thesis, University of Ottawa. Accessed January 22, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35926.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rich, Johnathan. “Are Species’ Geographic Ranges Mainly Determined by Climate? .” 2017. Web. 22 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Rich J. Are Species’ Geographic Ranges Mainly Determined by Climate? . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2017. [cited 2020 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35926.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Rich J. Are Species’ Geographic Ranges Mainly Determined by Climate? . [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35926

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of North Carolina

27. Valdivia-Acosta, Abel. Fish assemblages of Caribbean coral reefs: Effects of overfishing on coral communities under climate change.

Degree: Biology, 2014, University of North Carolina

URL: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:6c855a7e-6071-45fa-87ed-5a02e0718fce

► Coral reefs are threatened worldwide due to local stressors such as overfishing, pollution, and diseases outbreaks, as well as global impacts such as ocean warming.… (more)

▼ Coral reefs are threatened worldwide due to local stressors such as overfishing, pollution, and diseases outbreaks, as well as global impacts such as ocean warming. The persistence of this ecosystem will depend, in part, on addressing local impacts since humanity is failing to control climate change. However, we need a better understanding of how protection from local stressors decreases the susceptibility of reef corals to the effects of climate change across large-spatial scales. My dissertation research evaluates the effects of overfishing on coral reefs under local and global impacts to determine changes in ecological processes across geographical scales. First, as large predatory reef fishes have drastically declined due to fishing, I reconstructed natural baselines of predatory reef fish biomass in the absence of human activities accounting for environmental variability across Caribbean reefs. I found that baselines were variable and site specific; but that contemporary predatory fish biomass was 80-95% lower than the potential carrying capacity of most reef areas, even within marine reserves. Second, I examined the effect of current native predatory reef fishes on controlling the invasion of Pacific lionfish across the Caribbean. Native predators and lionfish abundance were not related, even when predatory capacity was relatively high within certain marine reserves. Third, as herbivorous fishes may facilitate coral recovery after warming events by controlling competitive macroalgae, I evaluated whether major benthic groups, such as hard corals, crustose coralline algae, and macroalgae, were associated with these fish assemblages across Caribbean and Pacific reefs. Although, macroalgae abundance was negatively related to herbivorous fishes across geographical regions, contemporary coral cover showed no association with herbivores abundance after a recent history of thermal stress. Finally, I analyzed the relationship between ~30 years of thermal stress anomalies and coral assemblages in the Caribbean and suggest that recent warming has partially promoted a shift in coral-community composition across the region that compromise reef functionality. My dissertation research highlights the complex interactions among functional groups in coral reefs, local stressors, and environmental variability across geographical scales, and provides novel insights to reevaluate conservation strategies for this ecosystem in a rapidly changing world. Advisors/Committee Members: Valdivia-Acosta, Abel, Bruno, John, Peterson, Charles, Hurlbert, Allen, Baum, Julia, Layman, Craig.

Subjects/Keywords: Ecology; Biology; Macroecology; College of Arts and Sciences; Department of Biology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Valdivia-Acosta, A. (2014). Fish assemblages of Caribbean coral reefs: Effects of overfishing on coral communities under climate change. (Thesis). University of North Carolina. Retrieved from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:6c855a7e-6071-45fa-87ed-5a02e0718fce

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Valdivia-Acosta, Abel. “Fish assemblages of Caribbean coral reefs: Effects of overfishing on coral communities under climate change.” 2014. Thesis, University of North Carolina. Accessed January 22, 2020. https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:6c855a7e-6071-45fa-87ed-5a02e0718fce.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Valdivia-Acosta, Abel. “Fish assemblages of Caribbean coral reefs: Effects of overfishing on coral communities under climate change.” 2014. Web. 22 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Valdivia-Acosta A. Fish assemblages of Caribbean coral reefs: Effects of overfishing on coral communities under climate change. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2014. [cited 2020 Jan 22]. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:6c855a7e-6071-45fa-87ed-5a02e0718fce.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Valdivia-Acosta A. Fish assemblages of Caribbean coral reefs: Effects of overfishing on coral communities under climate change. [Thesis]. University of North Carolina; 2014. Available from: https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:6c855a7e-6071-45fa-87ed-5a02e0718fce

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of New South Wales

28. Burley, Hugh. Macroecological relationships between primary productivity and ecological specialisation.

Degree: UNSW, 2017, University of New South Wales

URL: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/58610 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:46380/SOURCE02?view=true

► A key debate in contemporary ecology concerns whether ecosystem functions such as productivity are distinctly influenced by biological diversity in natural environments. Recent work has… (more)

▼ A key debate in contemporary ecology concerns whether ecosystem functions such as productivity are distinctly influenced by biological diversity in natural environments. Recent work has emphasised the importance of links between ecosystem functions and measures of ecological specialisation as proxies of biodiversity. However, few studies have analysed these relationships at broad spatio-temporal scales. This research tests the empirical relationship between primary productivity and ecological specialisation at continental and bioregional scales, using two proxies of specialisation: taxonomic β-diversity and site-level environmental niche width. It also examines how the environmental niches of species vary across continental environmental gradients. Gross primary productivity (GPP) may be influenced not only by the biological diversity at each location (α-diversity) but also by the biological turnover between locations (β-diversity). Generalized additive models were used to test whether the magnitude or variability of GPP were distinctly influenced by either taxonomic α- or β-diversity across continental Australia, over and above environmental influences. Neither α- nor β-diversity improved the explanatory power of GPP models beyond that of environment-only models. The realised environmental niches of species are important indicators of ecological specialisation and biogeographic history. Bivariate regression models were used to test whether species niches vary across continental environmental gradients for 1771 vascular plants from the Australian Wet Tropics. The temperature niches of these species did not vary substantially. However, niches were narrower in drier and less fertile environments. The macroecological complementarity hypothesis predicts that locations with greater ecological specialisation —those with collectively narrower niches — should be more productive than locations with less ecological specialisation. For pairs of environmentally similar Wet Tropics sites, linear models were used to test the pairwise relationship between differences in site GPP (response) and differences in the median environmental niche width of all tree species present at each site (predictor). Sites with narrower temperature niche widths had higher productivity, whereas sites with narrower rainfall niche widths had lower productivity. These results will improve our understanding of the broad-scale interrelationships between ecosystem functions, environmental conditions and ecological specialisation in natural ecosystems, helping to assess utilitarian arguments for biodiversity conservation. Advisors/Committee Members: Laffan, Shawn, Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, UNSW, Mokany, Karel, CSIRO, Williams, Kristen, CSIRO, Ferrier, Simon, CSIRO, Harwood, Tom, CSIRO.

Subjects/Keywords: Beta diversity; Macroecology; Ecosystem functions; Primary productivity; Australian flora; Wet tropics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Burley, H. (2017). Macroecological relationships between primary productivity and ecological specialisation. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New South Wales. Retrieved from http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/58610 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:46380/SOURCE02?view=true

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Burley, Hugh. “Macroecological relationships between primary productivity and ecological specialisation.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New South Wales. Accessed January 22, 2020. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/58610 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:46380/SOURCE02?view=true.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Burley, Hugh. “Macroecological relationships between primary productivity and ecological specialisation.” 2017. Web. 22 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Burley H. Macroecological relationships between primary productivity and ecological specialisation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2017. [cited 2020 Jan 22]. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/58610 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:46380/SOURCE02?view=true.

Council of Science Editors:

Burley H. Macroecological relationships between primary productivity and ecological specialisation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2017. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/58610 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:46380/SOURCE02?view=true

Arizona State University

29. Seay, Danielle Marie. Longitudinal Relations Among Adolescent Mothers’ Depression, Negative Parenting, Social Support and Young Children’s Developmental Outcomes.

Degree: Family and Human Development, 2019, Arizona State University

URL: http://repository.asu.edu/items/53590

► Rapidly growing research on mothers’ perinatal depression, has demonstrated significant links among mothers’ depressive symptoms during pregnancy and the first year postpartum, their parenting, and… (more)

▼ Rapidly growing research on mothers’ perinatal depression, has demonstrated significant links among mothers’ depressive symptoms during pregnancy and the first year postpartum, their parenting, and multiple aspects of children’s development. This prospective longitudinal study contributes to research on mothers’ perinatal depression by examining the mechanisms by which maternal perinatal depression is associated with children’s adjustment early in development in a sample of 204 Mexican-origin adolescent mothers (Mage at Wave 1 = 16.80, SD = 1.0) and their children (58% boys). I expected that adolescent mothers’ negative parenting behaviors would mediate the associations between mothers’ perinatal depressive symptoms and three child outcomes: internalizing symptoms, externalizing behaviors, and cognitive ability. I further hypothesized that mothers’ perceived social support from their family would modify the extent to which mothers’ perinatal depressive symptoms negatively impact their parenting behaviors and their children’s developmental outcomes. Mothers reported on their own depressive symptoms, their perceived social support from their family and their children’s internalizing and externalizing problems; negative parenting was assessed using observational methods; and children’s cognitive ability was assessed using standardized developmental assessments. In this sample, adolescent mothers’ negative parenting behaviors did not significantly mediate the relations between mothers’ perinatal depression and children’s developmental outcomes. Further, perceived social support did not significantly buffer the effects of mothers’ perinatal depression on mothers’ negative parenting or children’s developmental outcomes. However, in line with hypotheses, results indicated that mothers’ prenatal depression had a wider impact on children’s adjustment outcomes than mothers’ postpartum depression, which appeared more specific to children’s internalizing problems. Discussion focuses on implications for intervention addressing adolescent mothers’ perinatal depression, as well as the need to continue to explore protective factors that have the potential to disrupt the negative intergenerational transmission of risks.

Subjects/Keywords: Developmental psychology; Macroecology; children's outcomes; intergenerational; maternal depression; parenting; social support

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Seay, D. M. (2019). Longitudinal Relations Among Adolescent Mothers’ Depression, Negative Parenting, Social Support and Young Children’s Developmental Outcomes. (Doctoral Dissertation). Arizona State University. Retrieved from http://repository.asu.edu/items/53590

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Seay, Danielle Marie. “Longitudinal Relations Among Adolescent Mothers’ Depression, Negative Parenting, Social Support and Young Children’s Developmental Outcomes.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Arizona State University. Accessed January 22, 2020. http://repository.asu.edu/items/53590.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Seay, Danielle Marie. “Longitudinal Relations Among Adolescent Mothers’ Depression, Negative Parenting, Social Support and Young Children’s Developmental Outcomes.” 2019. Web. 22 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Seay DM. Longitudinal Relations Among Adolescent Mothers’ Depression, Negative Parenting, Social Support and Young Children’s Developmental Outcomes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Arizona State University; 2019. [cited 2020 Jan 22]. Available from: http://repository.asu.edu/items/53590.

Council of Science Editors:

Seay DM. Longitudinal Relations Among Adolescent Mothers’ Depression, Negative Parenting, Social Support and Young Children’s Developmental Outcomes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Arizona State University; 2019. Available from: http://repository.asu.edu/items/53590

30. Mazel, Florent. Comprendre et protéger la diversité des mammifères : une approche de biogéographie évolutive et fonctionnelle à l’échelle du globe. : Understanding and protecting mammal diversity : an evolutionary and functional biogeographical approach at the global scale.

Degree: Docteur es, Biodiversité-Ecologie-Environnement, 2015, Grenoble Alpes

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV063

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Les mammifères sont présents sur la surface terrestre depuis au moins le crétacé et ont colonisé l’ensemble des continents et des océans. Mon travail s’attache… (more)

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Les mammifères sont présents sur la surface terrestre depuis au moins le crétacé et ont colonisé l’ensemble des continents et des océans. Mon travail s’attache à comprendre la nature et l’importance relative des processus qui ont pu conduire à la répartition géographique actuelle des mammifères et notamment aux similarités faunistiques entre régions du globe. En décrivant les facettes phylogénétiques et fonctionnelles de la biodiversité des mammifères, j’adopte une approche résolument intégrative, à l’interface entre la biogéographie historique et la biogéographie fonctionnelle.À partir d’un travail de revue et de synthèse, la première partie de la thèse me permet de dégager un nombre limité de grandes lignes structurelles décrivant les facettes phylogénétiques et fonctionnelles de la biodiversité. En particulier, je mets en évidence comment la variation de l’échelle phylogénétique de travail peut permettre de mettre en lumière différents processus.La seconde partie de ma thèse s’attache à utiliser cette approche pour expliquer la répartition des mammifères sur le globe. Nous montrons ainsi que les compositions faunistiques à large échelle phylogénétique (p. ex. pour les familles) semblent expliquées par l’isolement géographique des masses continentales au cours du cénozoïque alors que les compositions à fine échelle phylogénétique (p. ex. pour les espèces) sont davantage conditionnées par les affinités climatiques. Nous montrons ensuite que les régions ayant développées des faunes mammaliennes indépendantes présentent en fait des similarités fonctionnelles exceptionnelles, résultat d’une évolution convergente.Comprendre les déterminants historiques et écologiques d’une telle répartition ne représente pourtant qu’un premier pas vers leur sauvegarde face aux multiples menaces anthropiques. La dernière partie de ma thèse entreprend de montrer l’importance d’une vision intégrative combinant les facettes phylogénétiques, fonctionnelles et taxonomiques pour la conservation de l’ensemble des dimensions de la diversité mammalienne.

Mammals inhabit the Earth since at least the Cretaceous and have colonised all continents and oceans. My work aims at understanding the nature and importance of the different processes leading to current geographical distributions of mammals and in particular faunal similarities between regions of the globe. By describing the phylogenetic and functional facets of mammalian diversity, I adopt an integrative approach, at the interface between historical and functional biogeography.First, I review and synthesize most of the published multifaceted diversity metrics to propose a limited number of structural dimensions that parsimoniously describe the phylogenetic and functional structure of species assemblages. In particular, I point out how a multi-phylogenetic scale approach might improve our understanding of the mechanisms shaping diversity patterns.Second, I use this approach to understand the geographical distribution of mammals worldwide. I show that at large phylogenetic scales (e.g.…

Advisors/Committee Members: Thuiller, Wilfried (thesis director).

Subjects/Keywords: Macro-écologie; Évolution; Paléontologie; Biodiversité; Écologie; Macroecology; Evolution; Paleontology; Biodiversity; Ecology; 570

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Mazel, F. (2015). Comprendre et protéger la diversité des mammifères : une approche de biogéographie évolutive et fonctionnelle à l’échelle du globe. : Understanding and protecting mammal diversity : an evolutionary and functional biogeographical approach at the global scale. (Doctoral Dissertation). Grenoble Alpes. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV063

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mazel, Florent. “Comprendre et protéger la diversité des mammifères : une approche de biogéographie évolutive et fonctionnelle à l’échelle du globe. : Understanding and protecting mammal diversity : an evolutionary and functional biogeographical approach at the global scale.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Grenoble Alpes. Accessed January 22, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV063.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mazel, Florent. “Comprendre et protéger la diversité des mammifères : une approche de biogéographie évolutive et fonctionnelle à l’échelle du globe. : Understanding and protecting mammal diversity : an evolutionary and functional biogeographical approach at the global scale.” 2015. Web. 22 Jan 2020.

Vancouver:

Mazel F. Comprendre et protéger la diversité des mammifères : une approche de biogéographie évolutive et fonctionnelle à l’échelle du globe. : Understanding and protecting mammal diversity : an evolutionary and functional biogeographical approach at the global scale. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Grenoble Alpes; 2015. [cited 2020 Jan 22]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV063.

Council of Science Editors:

Mazel F. Comprendre et protéger la diversité des mammifères : une approche de biogéographie évolutive et fonctionnelle à l’échelle du globe. : Understanding and protecting mammal diversity : an evolutionary and functional biogeographical approach at the global scale. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Grenoble Alpes; 2015. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV063

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