subject:(Liquid carbon dioxide Industrial applications)

Georgia Tech

1. Myneni, Satyanarayana. Post Plasma Etch Residue Removal Using Carbon Dioxide Based Fluids.

Degree: PhD, Chemical Engineering, 2004, Georgia Tech

► As feature sizes in semiconductor devices become smaller and newer materials are incorporated, current methods for photoresist and post plasma etch residue removal face several… (more)

▼ As feature sizes in semiconductor devices become smaller and newer materials are incorporated, current methods for photoresist and post plasma etch residue removal face several challenges. A cleaning process should be environmentally benign, compatible with dielectric materials and copper, and provide residue removal from narrow and high aspect ratio features. In this work, sub-critical CO2 based mixtures have been developed to remove the etch residues; these mixtures satisfy the above requirements and can potentially replace the two step residue removal process currently used in the integrated circuit (IC) industry. Based on the chemical nature of the residue being removed, additives or co-solvents to CO2 have been identified that can remove the residues without damaging the dielectric layers. Using the phase behavior of these additives as a guide, the composition of the co-solvent was altered to achieve a single liquid phase at moderate pressures without compromising cleaning ability. The extent of residue removal has been analyzed primarily by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Various techniques such as attenuated total reflection - Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, angle-resolved XPS (ARXPS), and interferometry were used to probe the interaction of cleaning fluids with residues. Model films of photoresists and plasma deposited residues were used to assist in understanding the mechanism of residue removal. From these studies, it was concluded that residue removal takes place primarily by attack of the interface between the residue and the substrate; a solvent rinse then lifts these residues from the wafer. It has been shown that transport of the additives to the interface is enhanced in the presence of CO2. From positronium annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) studies on a porous dielectric film, it has been shown that these high pressure fluids do not cause significant changes to the pore sizes or the bonding structure of the film. Hence, this method can be used to remove post etch residues from low-k dielectric films. Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Dennis W. Hess (Committee Chair), Dr. Amyn S. Teja (Committee Member), Dr. Charles A. Eckert (Committee Member), Dr. Charles L. Liotta (Committee Member), Dr. J. Carson Meredith (Committee Member).

Subjects/Keywords: Low-K; Angle resolved XPS; Surface cleaning; Supercritical carbon dioxide; ATR-FTIR; Fluorocarbon residue; Etch residue; Semiconductors Cleaning; Plasma etching; Liquid carbon dioxide Industrial applications

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APA (6^th Edition):

Myneni, S. (2004). Post Plasma Etch Residue Removal Using Carbon Dioxide Based Fluids. (Doctoral Dissertation). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7605

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Myneni, Satyanarayana. “Post Plasma Etch Residue Removal Using Carbon Dioxide Based Fluids.” 2004. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia Tech. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7605.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Myneni, Satyanarayana. “Post Plasma Etch Residue Removal Using Carbon Dioxide Based Fluids.” 2004. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Myneni S. Post Plasma Etch Residue Removal Using Carbon Dioxide Based Fluids. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2004. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7605.

Council of Science Editors:

Myneni S. Post Plasma Etch Residue Removal Using Carbon Dioxide Based Fluids. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2004. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7605

Anna University

2. Dilip Jerold, B. Performance evaluation of cryogenic carbon dioxide and liquid nitrogen as coolants in the turning process; -.

Degree: Mechanical Engineering, 2014, Anna University

URL: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/25434

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Modern machining industries face continuous pressure regarding newlinethe cost and high quality of the product To remain in competition an newlineindustry must identify the factors… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: cryogenic carbon dioxide; liquid nitrogen; mechanical engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Dilip Jerold, B. (2014). Performance evaluation of cryogenic carbon dioxide and liquid nitrogen as coolants in the turning process; -. (Thesis). Anna University. Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/25434

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dilip Jerold, B. “Performance evaluation of cryogenic carbon dioxide and liquid nitrogen as coolants in the turning process; -.” 2014. Thesis, Anna University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/25434.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dilip Jerold, B. “Performance evaluation of cryogenic carbon dioxide and liquid nitrogen as coolants in the turning process; -.” 2014. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Dilip Jerold B. Performance evaluation of cryogenic carbon dioxide and liquid nitrogen as coolants in the turning process; -. [Internet] [Thesis]. Anna University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/25434.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Dilip Jerold B. Performance evaluation of cryogenic carbon dioxide and liquid nitrogen as coolants in the turning process; -. [Thesis]. Anna University; 2014. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/25434

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Drexel University

3. Qi, Hao. Directed Polymer Crystallization at Liquid Interfaces.

Degree: 2017, Drexel University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1860/idea:7787

► Liquid-liquid and liquid-air interfaces are crucial to study amphiphile and colloidal self-assembly. Crystallization of polymers can also be regarded as a self-assembly process. In this… (more)

▼ Liquid-liquid and liquid-air interfaces are crucial to study amphiphile and colloidal self-assembly. Crystallization of polymers can also be regarded as a self-assembly process. In this dissertation, liquid interfaces are employed to direct polymer crystallization. Due to the particular interaction between the polymer chain and the interface, polymer crystallizations are confined in certain manners. According to the shape of the interface, this dissertation is divided into two parts, flat liquid-liquid interface and curved liquid-liquid interface. A flat water/pentyl acetate interface was created as a model system to study evaporative crystallization of poly (ε-caprolactone) which has carboxylic acid groups on both ends. A millimeter scale uniform polymer single crystal (PSC) film can form at the water/pentyl acetate interface. Due to the asymmetric nature of the liquid-liquid interface, the PSC film exhibit Janus property - a hydrophobic side and a hydrophilic side. Moreover, the effect of polymer chain conformation prior to on crystallization is studied, using PCL with different hydrophobic/hydrophilic ends. By using atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, terminal structures and temporal evolution of the crystalline films were explored. Different crystallization routes were revealed as a result of different polymer chain conformation. We furthermore proposed a phase diagram to explain different crystallization routes and demonstrated the phase diagram can be regulated via tuning polymer chain conformation at the liquid-liquid interface. Next, we demonstrated evaporative crystallization of PCL on a curved template will result in a curved lamella. The curved template was from PCL-b-PAA block copolymer Janus plates which can undergo a pH-triggered 2D to 3D shape transformation, due to the controlled degree of PAA ionization. As evidenced by selected area electron diffraction experiments, PCL crystalline domains arranged themselves into tortoise shell-like domain packing to accommodate the curvature. Curved space is intrinsically incommensurate with 3D translational symmetry. However, soft materials, including colloids, amphiphiles and block copolymers can form structures depicting curved surface/interfaces through self-assembly or directed assembly. It is therefore intriguing to study how polymer crystallization takes place in a curved space. Curve liquid-liquid interface was created through oil in water emulsion. Amphiphilic PLLA-b-PEG block copolymer was used as both surfactant to stabilize the emulsion and crystallization material. We demonstrated emulsion crystallization method can effectively confine and direct PLLA crystallization at curved emulsion droplet interface. Temporal evolution revealed there is only one nucleus per droplet and nucleation occurred at the interface because the crystalline block is confined at the liquid/liquid interface prior to crystallization. With the purpose to apply the obtained block copolymer crystalsomes (BCCs) for in-vivo study, we fabricated fully… Advisors/Committee Members: Li, Christopher Yuren, College of Engineering.

Subjects/Keywords: Materials science; Crystallization – Industrial applications; Liquid crystals – Industrial applications

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APA (6^th Edition):

Qi, H. (2017). Directed Polymer Crystallization at Liquid Interfaces. (Thesis). Drexel University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1860/idea:7787

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Qi, Hao. “Directed Polymer Crystallization at Liquid Interfaces.” 2017. Thesis, Drexel University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/idea:7787.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Qi, Hao. “Directed Polymer Crystallization at Liquid Interfaces.” 2017. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Qi H. Directed Polymer Crystallization at Liquid Interfaces. [Internet] [Thesis]. Drexel University; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1860/idea:7787.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Qi H. Directed Polymer Crystallization at Liquid Interfaces. [Thesis]. Drexel University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1860/idea:7787

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of New South Wales

4. El-Kurdi, Zeyad. Monitoring and control of the CO2 laser cutting process.

Degree: Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, 2005, University of New South Wales

URL: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/21900 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:709/SOURCE01?view=true

► Laser cutting is one of the most important applications of laser in manufacturing industry; it is mainly used for sheet metal cutting. In laser cutting,… (more)

▼ Laser cutting is one of the most important applications of laser in manufacturing industry; it is mainly used for sheet metal cutting. In laser cutting, performing real-time evaluation of laser cut quality is very important to the advancement of this process in industry. However, due to the dynamic nature of the laser cutting process specially when cutting ferrous alloys using oxygen as an assist gas, laser cut quality cannot be easily predicted; therefore, the quality inspection of the laser cut is performed by off line inspections of the edges of the metal by skilled operators. This methodology is carried out after the process and thus cannot maintain a good quality if the process performance is out of control. Therefore, the objective of the research project is to qualify and develop a sensor system that ensure fault recognition online and can automatically control the laser metal cutting process to achieve good quality cut. For the realization of this objective the following has been done: - study the relationship between process parameters and cut quality characteristics;- identify the best sensors that can be used to monitor the process;- design and develop an experimental setup to test the proposed sensors;- collect and analyze data from the proposed sensors and correlate them to specific cut quality characteristics (process state variables);- develop direct relationships between the process signals and cut quality;- develop appropriate strategy for process control;- design and develop an integrated monitoring and control system;- test and evaluate the proposed system using simulation.In this study, a new technique for the determination of cut quality of sheet steels under the CO2 laser cutting process has been established. It is based on on-line detection and post-processing analysis of light radiation and acoustic emissions from the cut kerf. Determination of machining quality during cutting is best done through the measurement of surface roughness and kerf widths, as these are the two parameters that vary in successful through cuts. These two quality parameters can further be correlated to the two dominant process parameters of laser power and cutting speed. This study presents an analysis of acoustic emissions and reflected light for CO2 laser cutting of steel plates, and discusses their use for the estimation of cut quality parameters of kerf width and striation frequency for mild steel plates of 3mm, 5mm, 8mm, and 10mm thicknesses. Airborne acoustic and light signals are acquired with a microphone and a photodiode respectively, and recorded with a PC based data acquisition system in real time. The signals are then analyzed to establish a correlation between the signals obtained and the cut quality achieved. Experimental evidence shows that the energy levels of acoustic emission signals (RMS analysis) can be used to maintain the cutting process under steady state condition. On the other hand, the light intensity signal fluctuates with a frequency that corresponds to the frequency of striations formed on…

Subjects/Keywords: Laser beam cutting; Metal-cutting; Carbon dioxide lasers; Industrial applications

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

El-Kurdi, Z. (2005). Monitoring and control of the CO2 laser cutting process. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New South Wales. Retrieved from http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/21900 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:709/SOURCE01?view=true

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

El-Kurdi, Zeyad. “Monitoring and control of the CO2 laser cutting process.” 2005. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New South Wales. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/21900 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:709/SOURCE01?view=true.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

El-Kurdi, Zeyad. “Monitoring and control of the CO2 laser cutting process.” 2005. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

El-Kurdi Z. Monitoring and control of the CO2 laser cutting process. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2005. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/21900 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:709/SOURCE01?view=true.

Council of Science Editors:

El-Kurdi Z. Monitoring and control of the CO2 laser cutting process. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2005. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/21900 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:709/SOURCE01?view=true

University of New South Wales

5. Ho, Minh Trang Thi. Techno-economic modelling of CO2 capture systems for Australian industrial sources.

Degree: Chemical Sciences & Engineering, 2007, University of New South Wales

URL: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/30566 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:1548/SOURCE02?view=true

► Australia is recognising that carbon capture and storage (CCS) may be a feasible pathway for addressing increasing levels of CO2 emissions. This thesis presents a… (more)

▼ Australia is recognising that carbon capture and storage (CCS) may be a feasible pathway for addressing increasing levels of CO2 emissions. This thesis presents a preliminary economic assessment and comparison of the capture costs for different Australian CO2 emission sources. The capture technologies evaluated include solvent absorption, pressure swing adsorption (PSA), gas separation membranes and low temperature separation. The capture cost estimated for hydrogen production, IGCC power plants and natural gas processing is less than A30/tonne CO2 avoided. CO2 capture cost for iron production ranges from A30 to A40 per tonne CO2 avoided. Higher costs of A40 to over A80 per tonne CO2 avoided were estimated for flue gas streams from pulverised coal and NGCC power plants, oil refineries and cement facilities, and IDGCC synthesis gas. Based on 2004 and 2005 EU ETS carbon prices (A30 to A45 per tonne CO2 avoided), the cost of capture using current commercially available absorption technology may deter wide-scale implementation of CCS, in particular for combustion processes. A sensitivity analysis was undertaken to explore the opportunities for reducing costs. The high cost for capture using solvent absorption is dependent on the energy needed for solvent regeneration and the high capital costs. Cost reductions can be achieved by using new low regeneration energy solvents coupled with recycling the waste heat from the absorption process back to the steam cycle, and using low cost fit-for-purpose equipment. For membrane and PSA technologies, the capture costs are dominated by the flue gas and post-capture compressors. Operating the permeate or desorption stream under vacuum conditions provides significant cost reductions. Improvements in membrane and adsorbent characteristics such as the adsorbent loading or membrane permeability, CO2 selectivity, and lower prices for the membrane or adsorbent material provide further cost benefits. For low partial pressure CO2 streams, capture using low temperature anti-sublimation separation can be an alternative option. Low costs could be achieved by operating under low pressures and integrating with external sources of waste heat. Applying the cost reductions achievable with technology and process improvements reduces the capture and CCS costs to a level less than current carbon prices, making CCS an attractive mitigation option.

Subjects/Keywords: CO2 capture; Techno-economic modelling; Absorption; Membranes; Carbon dioxide – Economic aspects; Carbon dioxide – Industrial applications

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ho, M. T. T. (2007). Techno-economic modelling of CO2 capture systems for Australian industrial sources. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New South Wales. Retrieved from http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/30566 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:1548/SOURCE02?view=true

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ho, Minh Trang Thi. “Techno-economic modelling of CO2 capture systems for Australian industrial sources.” 2007. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New South Wales. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/30566 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:1548/SOURCE02?view=true.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ho, Minh Trang Thi. “Techno-economic modelling of CO2 capture systems for Australian industrial sources.” 2007. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Ho MTT. Techno-economic modelling of CO2 capture systems for Australian industrial sources. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2007. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/30566 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:1548/SOURCE02?view=true.

Council of Science Editors:

Ho MTT. Techno-economic modelling of CO2 capture systems for Australian industrial sources. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2007. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/30566 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:1548/SOURCE02?view=true

Univerzitet u Beogradu

6. Stanimirović, Andrej, 1965-. Експериментално одређивање топлотне проводности бинарних течних смеша применом нестационарне методе топле жице.

Degree: Tehnološko-metalurški fakultet, 2017, Univerzitet u Beogradu

URL: https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:15672/bdef:Content/get

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Хемија и Хемијска технологија - Хемијско инжењерство / Chemistry and Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering

Уз несумњиве користи за људску цивилизацију, индустријски развој је донeо… (more)

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Хемија и Хемијска технологија - Хемијско инжењерство / Chemistry and Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering

Уз несумњиве користи за људску цивилизацију, индустријски развој је донeо и индустријско загађење и могући негативан утицај на климу. Схватање озбиљности проблема прати развој законске регулативе која се односи на испуштање оксида сумпора и угљен диоксида у атмосферу и напредак технолошких поступака примењених на пречишћавање димних гасова. Поред добро познатих и широко примењених поступака развијају се и нови технолошки процеси пречишћавања димних гасова. Регенеративни поступци пречишћавања димног гаса коришћењем органских растварача већ имају релативно дугу историју. Услед одређених ограничења (недовољна селективност процеса, превелики енергетски захтеви) истражују се нови органски растварачи и смеше за примену у регенеративним поступцима пречишћавања димних гасова као ефикаснији апсорбенти SOx и CO2. За ову студију одабрани су органски растварачи већ примењени или са могућом применом у постројењима за пречишћавање димних гасова термоелектрана: моноетаноламин (МЕА), тетраетиленгликол диметилетар (TEGDME), 1-метил-2-пиролидон (NMP), полиетиленгликол 200 (PEG 200), полиетиленгликол 400 (PEG 400) и јонска течност 1-етил-3-метилимидазолијум етил сулфат ([EMIM][EtSO4]). Исто тако, одабране су и следеће бинарне смеше: MEA + TEGDME, MEA + PEG 200, MEA + PEG 400, [EMIM][EtSO4] + PEG 200 и [EMIM][EtSO4] + PEG 400. Моделовање и симулација индустријских процеса и пројектовање постројења за третман димног гаса као улазне податке користе термофизичке особине, између осталог топлотну проводност и вискозност примењених растварача. У оквиру рада на овој дисертацији, за мерење вискозности коришћен је комерцијални инструмент, а за мерење топлотне проводности реализована је експериментална апаратура заснована на нестационарној методи топле жице. Нестационарна метода топле жице се сматра поузданом и прецизном техником за одређивање топлотне проводности течности. Мерна несигурност методе топле жице процењена је на око 1% за најбоље експерименталне апаратуре. Мерење овом методом даје као резултат апсолутну вредност топлотне проводности и не захтева калибрацију или поређење узорка чија се топлотна проводност мери са стандардом. Улазни параметри за прорачун топлотне проводности су промена електричног отпора топле жице, енергија коју генерише електрични пулс који загрева топлу жицу и дужина топле жице. Отпор топле жице се мери стандардном методом четири жице. Електрични пулс пролази кроз редну везу стандардног отпорника и топле жице. Падови напона на стандардном отпорнику и топлој жици мере се компјутерски контролисаним системом за управљање апаратуром и прикупљање података. Програм за прикупљање, иницијалну обраду и чување прикупљених података је такође развијен за ову експерименталну апаратуру. Мерна несигурност апаратуре са топлом жицом процењена је на око ±4%. Тестирање апаратуре обављено је мерењем топлотне проводности добро испитаних течности и мерене вредности одступале су око 3% од литературних података. Резултати…

Advisors/Committee Members: Živković, Emila..

Subjects/Keywords: thermal conductivity; viscosity; measurement; liquid; flue gas; sulfur dioxide; carbon dioxide; modeling

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APA (6^th Edition):

Stanimirović, Andrej, 1. (2017). Експериментално одређивање топлотне проводности бинарних течних смеша применом нестационарне методе топле жице. (Thesis). Univerzitet u Beogradu. Retrieved from https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:15672/bdef:Content/get

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Stanimirović, Andrej, 1965-. “Експериментално одређивање топлотне проводности бинарних течних смеша применом нестационарне методе топле жице.” 2017. Thesis, Univerzitet u Beogradu. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:15672/bdef:Content/get.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Stanimirović, Andrej, 1965-. “Експериментално одређивање топлотне проводности бинарних течних смеша применом нестационарне методе топле жице.” 2017. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Stanimirović, Andrej 1. Експериментално одређивање топлотне проводности бинарних течних смеша применом нестационарне методе топле жице. [Internet] [Thesis]. Univerzitet u Beogradu; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:15672/bdef:Content/get.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Stanimirović, Andrej 1. Експериментално одређивање топлотне проводности бинарних течних смеша применом нестационарне методе топле жице. [Thesis]. Univerzitet u Beogradu; 2017. Available from: https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:15672/bdef:Content/get

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Notre Dame

7. Marjorie Massel. Thermodynamic and Thermophysical Properties of Ionic Liquid Mixtures</h1>.

Degree: Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 2014, University of Notre Dame

URL: https://curate.nd.edu/show/7p88cf97k26

► Ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as suitable solvents for a number of energy-related applications. This research provides the necessary thermodynamic and thermophysical properties to… (more)

▼ Ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as suitable solvents for a number of energy-related applications. This research provides the necessary thermodynamic and thermophysical properties to evaluate and design ionic liquids for these industrial applications. Post-combustion carbon capture would be an efficient way of reducing the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to the atmosphere, thus slowing down the effect of climate change. The enthalpy of absorption of CO2, ∆HCO2, directly impacts the solvent regeneration cost of the carbon capture unit. In addition it provides valuable information on the physicochemistry with CO2. This work presents a new method to directly measure the ∆HCO2 in ionic liquids by calorimetry. Experimental enthalpies of absorption of CO2 in a series of anion functionalized ionic liquids with phosphonium and imidazolium cations were obtained using this novel technique. These results demonstrate the ability of tuning the aprotic heterocyclic anion (AHA)-based ILs, showing great potential for the design of cost efficient carbon capture technology. As ILs are likely to be combined with other solvents in industrial processes, deep knowledge of their mixing behavior is needed. The excess properties of mixtures provide important information on the mixture non ideality and give insights into the IL and solvent interactions in the solution. Therefore, these properties were experimentally determined for the binary mixtures of trimethylbutylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, [N1114][Tf2N], with ethanol, 1-propanol and N,N-dimethylformamide. In order to assess the vialibility of ILs for heat transfer fluid application, their thermophysical properties (i.e. viscosity, density and thermal conductivity) must be well understood. Our study of these properties is followed by the investigation of mixtures of two ILs for this application. Expanding the ability of tuning the fluid, mixtures of ILs with two different cations and anions exhibit unique characteristics. Advisors/Committee Members: Edward J. Maginn, Committee Member, Mark A. Stadtherr, Committee Chair, Basar Bilgicer, Committee Member, Joan F. Brennecke, Committee Member.

Subjects/Keywords: Ionic Liquid; mixture; carbon dioxide; calorimetry; thermophysical properties; enthalpy

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APA (6^th Edition):

Massel, M. (2014). Thermodynamic and Thermophysical Properties of Ionic Liquid Mixtures</h1>. (Thesis). University of Notre Dame. Retrieved from https://curate.nd.edu/show/7p88cf97k26

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Massel, Marjorie. “Thermodynamic and Thermophysical Properties of Ionic Liquid Mixtures</h1>.” 2014. Thesis, University of Notre Dame. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://curate.nd.edu/show/7p88cf97k26.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Massel, Marjorie. “Thermodynamic and Thermophysical Properties of Ionic Liquid Mixtures</h1>.” 2014. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Massel M. Thermodynamic and Thermophysical Properties of Ionic Liquid Mixtures</h1>. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Notre Dame; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://curate.nd.edu/show/7p88cf97k26.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Massel M. Thermodynamic and Thermophysical Properties of Ionic Liquid Mixtures</h1>. [Thesis]. University of Notre Dame; 2014. Available from: https://curate.nd.edu/show/7p88cf97k26

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Missouri – Columbia

8. Espanani, Reza. Investigation of supercritical water processing of biomass : study of high pressure separation.

Degree: 2016, University of Missouri – Columbia

URL: https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/56521

► Global warming is caused by greenhouse gases such as CO2, CH4, NOx, and SOx. CO2 makes up about 80% (by mass) of greenhouse gas emitted… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Vapor-liquid equilibrium – Mathematical models; Gases – Separation; Nitrogen; Carbon dioxide

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APA (6^th Edition):

Espanani, R. (2016). Investigation of supercritical water processing of biomass : study of high pressure separation. (Thesis). University of Missouri – Columbia. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/56521

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Espanani, Reza. “Investigation of supercritical water processing of biomass : study of high pressure separation.” 2016. Thesis, University of Missouri – Columbia. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/56521.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Espanani, Reza. “Investigation of supercritical water processing of biomass : study of high pressure separation.” 2016. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Espanani R. Investigation of supercritical water processing of biomass : study of high pressure separation. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Missouri – Columbia; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/56521.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Espanani R. Investigation of supercritical water processing of biomass : study of high pressure separation. [Thesis]. University of Missouri – Columbia; 2016. Available from: https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/56521

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Rhodes University

9. Mathiba, Kgama. High pressure liquid chromatographic quantification of nitrile biocatalysis.

Degree: Faculty of Science, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2012, Rhodes University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015710

► Nitrile biocatalysts are of use in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries for the synthesis of carboxyamides and carboxylic acids. In particular, the application of biocatalysts… (more)

▼ Nitrile biocatalysts are of use in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries for the synthesis of carboxyamides and carboxylic acids. In particular, the application of biocatalysts in the synthesis of single enantiomer compounds is of increasing interest, but requires novel substrate specific highly stereoselective biocatalysts. Addition to the limited toolbox of known nitrile biocatalysts requires definitive characterisation of the biocatalysts through accurate determination of the substrate profiles and quantification of activity. The accurate quantification of stereoisomers chiral mixtures to determine biocatalyst stereoselectivity remains a significant challenge due to the difficulty in separating stereoisomers by physical methods. The known nitrile metabolising organism, Rhodococcus rhodochrous ATCC BAA-870, was grown in a defined medium and harvested, providing whole cell biocatalyst. Additional biomass was disrupted to provide a cell free enzyme extract, which was put through an enzyme purification protocol to provide a solution with specific activity of 351 U.mg⁻¹. A portion of the enzyme was self immobilised using the SphereZyme™ technique. The nitrile hydratase SphereZymes™ (1.2 U.mg⁻¹ initial activity) that were prepared had pH and temperature optima of 6 and 30°C respectively, and could be recovered by repeated washing. The particles retained activity in the presence of the organic solvents isooctane and n-hexadecane saturated with 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.5). An initial analytical system was devised for quantification of the nitrile hydratase activity using the non-chiral substrate benzonitrile. An improved reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography method was developed to separate and quantify benzamide, benzoic acid and benzonitrile. The mobile phase consisting of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in H₂O and acetonitrile (70:30, %v/v), at a flow rate of 0.5 ml.ml⁻¹, 25°C, resolved all three analytes in 3.5 minutes on a Waters X-Terra MS C18 3.5μm column. UV detection was carried out at 210 nm. Analytical methods to determine activity and enantioselectivity of the whole cell biocatalyst were subsequently developed for both β-amino nitriles and β-hydroxy nitrile substrates and hydrolysis products.

Subjects/Keywords: High performance liquid chromatography; Rhodococcus; Biocatalysis; Organic compounds – Industrial applications

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mathiba, K. (2012). High pressure liquid chromatographic quantification of nitrile biocatalysis. (Thesis). Rhodes University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015710

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mathiba, Kgama. “High pressure liquid chromatographic quantification of nitrile biocatalysis.” 2012. Thesis, Rhodes University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015710.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mathiba, Kgama. “High pressure liquid chromatographic quantification of nitrile biocatalysis.” 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Mathiba K. High pressure liquid chromatographic quantification of nitrile biocatalysis. [Internet] [Thesis]. Rhodes University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015710.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Mathiba K. High pressure liquid chromatographic quantification of nitrile biocatalysis. [Thesis]. Rhodes University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015710

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

10. NC DOCKS at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro; Taylor, Whitney Leigh. A method for the determination of the ingredients of several dietary supplements by liquid chromatography.

Degree: 2011, NC Docks

URL: http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/Taylor_uncg_0154M_10741.pdf

► The category of products known as dietary supplements covers a wide range of products including multivitamins, herbal supplements and energy drinks. High performance liquid chromatography… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Dietary supplements $x Analysis; High performance liquid chromatography $x Industrial applications

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APA (6^th Edition):

NC DOCKS at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro; Taylor, . W. L. (2011). A method for the determination of the ingredients of several dietary supplements by liquid chromatography. (Thesis). NC Docks. Retrieved from http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/Taylor_uncg_0154M_10741.pdf

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

NC DOCKS at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro; Taylor, Whitney Leigh. “A method for the determination of the ingredients of several dietary supplements by liquid chromatography.” 2011. Thesis, NC Docks. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/Taylor_uncg_0154M_10741.pdf.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

NC DOCKS at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro; Taylor, Whitney Leigh. “A method for the determination of the ingredients of several dietary supplements by liquid chromatography.” 2011. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

NC DOCKS at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro; Taylor WL. A method for the determination of the ingredients of several dietary supplements by liquid chromatography. [Internet] [Thesis]. NC Docks; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/Taylor_uncg_0154M_10741.pdf.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

NC DOCKS at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro; Taylor WL. A method for the determination of the ingredients of several dietary supplements by liquid chromatography. [Thesis]. NC Docks; 2011. Available from: http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/Taylor_uncg_0154M_10741.pdf

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Waterloo

11. Jiang, Ruohan. Cobalt Decorated Hierarchical Porous Carbon Spheres for High Sulfur Loading Lithium Sulfur Batteries.

Degree: 2019, University of Waterloo

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/15092

► With the growing need of energy storage devices, the market shows a strong requirement of lithium-based batteries. Nowadays, Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are dominating the… (more)

▼ With the growing need of energy storage devices, the market shows a strong requirement of lithium-based batteries. Nowadays, Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are dominating the battery field because of its high energy density and low safety risks. However, the energy density of LIB is pushed to its principle limitation. To further improve the battery performance, another new battery mechanism has been developed. Lithium sulfur batteries (LSB) have four times higher energy density of LIBs in principle. LSB are considered as the next generation of batteries in electric vehicles and portable devices by many scientists and material engineers. In another hand, there are still a lot of obstacles on lithium sulfur technology. Firstly, sulfur is an insulator, so it must be mixed with other conductive supporters to form the electrode which decrease the energy density respect to total weight. During the oxidation-reduction reaction, soluble polysulfide is generated as an intermediate. It is soluble in electrolyte and diffuse through the separator toward the cathode and react with lithium. In the charging process, the lithium sulfide on the cathode cannot be reduced which is a waste of the active material. The lithium sulfide layer form on anode also deactivated the lithium plate and cause the capacity fading. In this project, cobalt decorated hierarchical carbon sphere (CZ/HPC) is designed to overcome these obstacles. This spherical material has three types porous structure including 3nm mesopores, 150 nm middle-size macropores and large carbon bubbles which is around 2 μm. Spherical structure can provide good ion transfer and high conductivity at the same time. Large carbon bubbles and middle-size macropores provide high sulfur loading in the electrode and the mesoporous structure increase the utility of the sulfur which reflect to high specific capacity. The size of the particle is around 3.5 μm, and larger size of particle made it easier to form thick electrode. The sulfur loading of the battery is over 10 mg/cm2 and the weight percentage of the active material in the cathode is 72.3% which provide excellent energy density of the battery. To limit the shuttle effect, cobalt nanoparticles generated by calcination of ZIF-67 particles, as an effective polysulfide absorption material, is synthesized on the carbon sphere. Spray dry, which is widely used in the industry, is chosen to synthesize CZ/HPC, and the price of the precursor is relatively cheap that gives CZ/HPC a potential of commercialize.

Subjects/Keywords: lithium sulfur batteries; porous carbon material; cobalt nanoparticle; Lithium sulfur batteries; Nanoparticles; Porous materials; Carbon – Industrial applications; Cobalt – Industrial applications

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jiang, R. (2019). Cobalt Decorated Hierarchical Porous Carbon Spheres for High Sulfur Loading Lithium Sulfur Batteries. (Thesis). University of Waterloo. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10012/15092

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jiang, Ruohan. “Cobalt Decorated Hierarchical Porous Carbon Spheres for High Sulfur Loading Lithium Sulfur Batteries.” 2019. Thesis, University of Waterloo. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/15092.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jiang, Ruohan. “Cobalt Decorated Hierarchical Porous Carbon Spheres for High Sulfur Loading Lithium Sulfur Batteries.” 2019. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Jiang R. Cobalt Decorated Hierarchical Porous Carbon Spheres for High Sulfur Loading Lithium Sulfur Batteries. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/15092.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Jiang R. Cobalt Decorated Hierarchical Porous Carbon Spheres for High Sulfur Loading Lithium Sulfur Batteries. [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/15092

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Alberta

12. Roberts, Bruce E. Solubility of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide in mixed and chemical solvents.

Degree: MS, Department of Chemical Engineering, 1983, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/mc87ps86z

Subjects/Keywords: Gases – Purification.; Carbon dioxide – Solubility – Measurement.; Carbon dioxide – Absorption and adsorption.; Hydrogen sulfide – Solubility – Measurement.; Hydrogen sulfide – Absorption and adsorption.; Solvents – Industrial applications.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Roberts, B. E. (1983). Solubility of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide in mixed and chemical solvents. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/mc87ps86z

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Roberts, Bruce E. “Solubility of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide in mixed and chemical solvents.” 1983. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/mc87ps86z.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Roberts, Bruce E. “Solubility of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide in mixed and chemical solvents.” 1983. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Roberts BE. Solubility of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide in mixed and chemical solvents. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 1983. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/mc87ps86z.

Council of Science Editors:

Roberts BE. Solubility of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide in mixed and chemical solvents. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 1983. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/mc87ps86z

Texas A&M University

13. Hassiba, Raid J. A Systematic Approach to Coupling Energy with Carbon Integration to Reduce Carbon Footprint from Industrial Parks.

Degree: MS, Chemical Engineering, 2016, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156906

► The depletion of natural resources and the increase in greenhouse gases emissions, which constitute mainly from carbon dioxide, has led many policymakers to issue policies… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: carbon dioxide; energy integration; industrial park; GHG management; optimization

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hassiba, R. J. (2016). A Systematic Approach to Coupling Energy with Carbon Integration to Reduce Carbon Footprint from Industrial Parks. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156906

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hassiba, Raid J. “A Systematic Approach to Coupling Energy with Carbon Integration to Reduce Carbon Footprint from Industrial Parks.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156906.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hassiba, Raid J. “A Systematic Approach to Coupling Energy with Carbon Integration to Reduce Carbon Footprint from Industrial Parks.” 2016. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Hassiba RJ. A Systematic Approach to Coupling Energy with Carbon Integration to Reduce Carbon Footprint from Industrial Parks. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156906.

Council of Science Editors:

Hassiba RJ. A Systematic Approach to Coupling Energy with Carbon Integration to Reduce Carbon Footprint from Industrial Parks. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156906

Eastern Illinois University

14. Ariyaratne Subasinghe Arachchige, Tulana. Solvation Properites of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Using Chirped-Pulse Fourier-Transform Microwave Spectra of Carbon Dioxide / 1, 1-Difluoroethene (DFE) Mixtures.

Degree: MS, Chemistry and Biochemistry, 2019, Eastern Illinois University

URL: https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/4473

► Supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-C0₂) is a highly utilized industrial substance identified as an excellent solvent and a surfactant, which is cheaper and less hazardous… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Supercritical carbon dioxide; Solvents; Industrial substances; Analytical Chemistry; Chemistry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ariyaratne Subasinghe Arachchige, T. (2019). Solvation Properites of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Using Chirped-Pulse Fourier-Transform Microwave Spectra of Carbon Dioxide / 1, 1-Difluoroethene (DFE) Mixtures. (Masters Thesis). Eastern Illinois University. Retrieved from https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/4473

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ariyaratne Subasinghe Arachchige, Tulana. “Solvation Properites of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Using Chirped-Pulse Fourier-Transform Microwave Spectra of Carbon Dioxide / 1, 1-Difluoroethene (DFE) Mixtures.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Eastern Illinois University. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/4473.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ariyaratne Subasinghe Arachchige, Tulana. “Solvation Properites of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Using Chirped-Pulse Fourier-Transform Microwave Spectra of Carbon Dioxide / 1, 1-Difluoroethene (DFE) Mixtures.” 2019. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Ariyaratne Subasinghe Arachchige T. Solvation Properites of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Using Chirped-Pulse Fourier-Transform Microwave Spectra of Carbon Dioxide / 1, 1-Difluoroethene (DFE) Mixtures. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Eastern Illinois University; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/4473.

Council of Science Editors:

Ariyaratne Subasinghe Arachchige T. Solvation Properites of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Using Chirped-Pulse Fourier-Transform Microwave Spectra of Carbon Dioxide / 1, 1-Difluoroethene (DFE) Mixtures. [Masters Thesis]. Eastern Illinois University; 2019. Available from: https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/4473

University of Johannesburg

15. Pera, Nicoletta. A comparative study of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions from South Africa and selected countries.

Degree: 2009, University of Johannesburg

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1992

►

M.Sc.

Increases in carbon dioxide (CO2) and other atmospheric trace gases, such as methane (CH4), can attribute to what has been called greenhouse warming because… (more)

▼

M.Sc.

Increases in carbon dioxide (CO2) and other atmospheric trace gases, such as methane (CH4), can attribute to what has been called greenhouse warming because these compounds allow the sun’s energy to reach the surface of the earth, thereby warming it, while preventing much of that energy from being radiated to outer space. Over the past few decades, human activity has increasingly overloaded the Earth’s natural greenhouse system. Energy-related activities are the most significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Emissions from fossil fuel combustion comprise the vast majority of these energy-related emissions. Carbon dioxide is the most significant greenhouse gas for South Africa. Due to the high content of coal in the energy mix, South Africa’s carbon emissions are proportionately greater in comparison with many other countries. The objective of this study is to study and analyse South Africa’s carbon emissions. This research will investigate: • South Africa’s historical trend in carbon emissions • Emissions by source and sector • The study will then deal with comparing South Africa’s energy-related carbon emissions to Argentina and Brazil which are similar middle-income developing countries and Australia and Spain which are developed countries • From here the study will focus on why South Africa’s carbon emissions differ, or are similar to, these other countries and • How South Africa’s carbon emissions impact on the total global carbon emissions. Included is a section discussing background information on the South African energy sector. Data for the South African study was calculated from the energy balances for the country for the study period. For the calculation of the carbon emissions for South Africa the IPCC top-down methodology was used. It can be seen that South Africa’s carbon emissions are still increasing. It was noted however that the values of the carbon emissions differ depending on which emission factors are used. For the International perspective information was obtained from the Internet and plotted on graphs. Information was obtained for the following countries: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, South Africa and Spain. From this study it was seen that South Africa’s carbon dioxide emissions are the highest out of all the countries in this study, while Argentina’s are the lowest. While most countries have energy conservation regulations, energy efficiency standards in South Africa are lacking. The process towards accession to the Kyoto Protocol in South Africa started in February 2000. The South African government has signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1993. It has not yet ratified the Kyoto Protocol, but is currently in the process. This will however still take time and it is for this reason that the clean development mechanism holds the most promise for South Africa to participate in international greenhouse gas emission reduction projects.

Subjects/Keywords: Carbon dioxide

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APA (6^th Edition):

Pera, N. (2009). A comparative study of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions from South Africa and selected countries. (Thesis). University of Johannesburg. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1992

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pera, Nicoletta. “A comparative study of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions from South Africa and selected countries.” 2009. Thesis, University of Johannesburg. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1992.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pera, Nicoletta. “A comparative study of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions from South Africa and selected countries.” 2009. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Pera N. A comparative study of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions from South Africa and selected countries. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Johannesburg; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1992.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Pera N. A comparative study of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions from South Africa and selected countries. [Thesis]. University of Johannesburg; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1992

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Universidade Estadual de Campinas

16. Galvão, Alessandro Cazonatto. Estudo experimental da solubilidade do metano e do dióxido de carbono em glicóis a diferentes temperaturas e pressões e modelagem da solubilidade aplicando o potencial químico: Experimental stydy of methane and carbon dioxide solubility in glycols at different temperatures and pressures and solubility modeling applying the chemical potential.

Degree: 2011, Universidade Estadual de Campinas

URL: http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266916

► Abstract: This work presents a study of the solubility of methane and carbon dioxide in ethylene glycol, 1-2 propylene glycol and 1-4 butylene glycol. The… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Solubilidade; Metano; Dióxido de carbono; Liquido iônico; Glicóis; Solubility; Methane; Carbon dioxide; Ionic liquid; Glicols

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APA (6^th Edition):

Galvão, A. C. (2011). Estudo experimental da solubilidade do metano e do dióxido de carbono em glicóis a diferentes temperaturas e pressões e modelagem da solubilidade aplicando o potencial químico: Experimental stydy of methane and carbon dioxide solubility in glycols at different temperatures and pressures and solubility modeling applying the chemical potential. (Thesis). Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Retrieved from http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266916

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Galvão, Alessandro Cazonatto. “Estudo experimental da solubilidade do metano e do dióxido de carbono em glicóis a diferentes temperaturas e pressões e modelagem da solubilidade aplicando o potencial químico: Experimental stydy of methane and carbon dioxide solubility in glycols at different temperatures and pressures and solubility modeling applying the chemical potential.” 2011. Thesis, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266916.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Galvão, Alessandro Cazonatto. “Estudo experimental da solubilidade do metano e do dióxido de carbono em glicóis a diferentes temperaturas e pressões e modelagem da solubilidade aplicando o potencial químico: Experimental stydy of methane and carbon dioxide solubility in glycols at different temperatures and pressures and solubility modeling applying the chemical potential.” 2011. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Galvão AC. Estudo experimental da solubilidade do metano e do dióxido de carbono em glicóis a diferentes temperaturas e pressões e modelagem da solubilidade aplicando o potencial químico: Experimental stydy of methane and carbon dioxide solubility in glycols at different temperatures and pressures and solubility modeling applying the chemical potential. [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266916.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Galvão AC. Estudo experimental da solubilidade do metano e do dióxido de carbono em glicóis a diferentes temperaturas e pressões e modelagem da solubilidade aplicando o potencial químico: Experimental stydy of methane and carbon dioxide solubility in glycols at different temperatures and pressures and solubility modeling applying the chemical potential. [Thesis]. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; 2011. Available from: http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266916

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

New Jersey Institute of Technology

17. Chau, John. Pressure swing membrane absorption process for separation of low temperature post-shift reactor syngas.

Degree: PhD, Chemical, Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, 2013, New Jersey Institute of Technology

URL: https://digitalcommons.njit.edu/dissertations/1446

► This thesis is concerned with a cyclic pressure swing membrane absorption process (PSMAB) for separation of the feed gas mixture containing —40% CO₂-He balance… (more)

▼ This thesis is concerned with a cyclic pressure swing membrane absorption process (PSMAB) for separation of the feed gas mixture containing —40% CO₂-He balance using pure ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([bmim][DCA]), and its solution containing poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer Gen 0 primarily with a dry feed gas. An advanced pressure swing membrane absorption process is developed to produce purified He as a surrogate for H₂ at a high pressure from simulated low- temperature shifted syngas for different membrane modules. The PSMAB process also simultaneously produces a highly purified CO₂ stream containing bulk of the CO₂ in the post-shift reactor gas stream and suitable for subsequent sequestration. The hydrophobized ceramic membrane tubule-based system produces poor quality of products. The hydrophobized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) hollow fiber- based system, on the other hand, provides higher product concentrations due to a much higher contacting area per unit gas volume. Among PEEK modules, the PEEK-L III module provides the highest CO₂ concentration in the CO₂-rich product stream. Measurements of the solubility and diffusivity of pure carbon dioxide, pure helium, and a feed mixture of —40% CO₂-He balance are carried out in the ionic liquid, ([bmim][DCA]), and in its solution containing 20 wt% and 30 wt% PAMAM dendrimer Gen 0 with and without water. Additional solubility studies of pure CO2 and He are done in polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) and 20 wt% dendrimer in PEG 400. The solubility of CO₂ decreases with an increase in temperature whereas He solubility increases with an increase in temperature. The CO₂ and He solubilities increase with an increase in feed pressure. Carbon dioxide absorption increases considerably when the amine is added to the ionic liquid and then increases several-fold when moisture is added. Higher CO₂/He solubility selectivity is observed as temperature decreases to as much as 55 at 50 °C. Moreover, CO₂ solubilities in PEG 400 and in 20 wt% dendrimer in PEG 400 are somewhat higher than in [bmim] [DCA] and 20 wt% dendrimer in [bmim] [DCA], respectively. A mathematical model of the three-valve PSMAB process is developed and verified so that the model may be used to carry out scale up calculations. Such a scale up model can allow determination of the cost of the process of a given CO₂-containing feed gas mixture. The mathematical model is numerically solved to predict the extent of purification of the gas by pure ionic liquid [bmim][DCA] in the three-valve PSMAB device. The decreasing pressures generated by a numerical solution of the model agree well with the experimental runs for ceramic modules during the 900 second absorption step, but are significantly lower for the PEEK hollow fiber modules due to the large dead volumes present in the PEEK modules. There is a 6-10% difference in… Advisors/Committee Members: Sirkar, Kamalesh K., Mitra, S., Barat, Robert Benedict.

Subjects/Keywords: Carbon dioxide; Pressure swing absorption; Ionic liquid; Pre-combustion separation; CO2 solubility; Chemical Engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chau, J. (2013). Pressure swing membrane absorption process for separation of low temperature post-shift reactor syngas. (Doctoral Dissertation). New Jersey Institute of Technology. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.njit.edu/dissertations/1446

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chau, John. “Pressure swing membrane absorption process for separation of low temperature post-shift reactor syngas.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, New Jersey Institute of Technology. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://digitalcommons.njit.edu/dissertations/1446.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chau, John. “Pressure swing membrane absorption process for separation of low temperature post-shift reactor syngas.” 2013. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Chau J. Pressure swing membrane absorption process for separation of low temperature post-shift reactor syngas. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. New Jersey Institute of Technology; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.njit.edu/dissertations/1446.

Council of Science Editors:

Chau J. Pressure swing membrane absorption process for separation of low temperature post-shift reactor syngas. [Doctoral Dissertation]. New Jersey Institute of Technology; 2013. Available from: https://digitalcommons.njit.edu/dissertations/1446

University of Colorado

18. Holquist, Jordan Barr. Direct Generation of Oxygen via Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction with an Ionic Liquid.

Degree: PhD, 2018, University of Colorado

URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/asen_gradetds/240

► The feasibility of long duration crewed space exploration missions will depend on the supply of consumables, such as oxygen, to keep the crew alive. Air… (more)

▼ The feasibility of long duration crewed space exploration missions will depend on the supply of consumables, such as oxygen, to keep the crew alive. Air revitalization is a function of environmental control and life support systems (ECLSS) employed on any crewed spacecraft. On longer duration missions, such as on the International Space Station (ISS), resource regeneration reduces the amount of consumables that must be provided for the mission. Systems on the ISS recover O₂ from metabolically produced CO₂, which itself is collected from the ISS cabin where astronauts live and work. The current state-of-the-art for O₂ recovery onboard the ISS can only recover up to 54% of the O₂ available in respired CO₂ and relies on the resupplied H₂O to the ISS. An alternative O₂ generation process is solvated electrochemical CO₂ reduction, enabled in spacecraft environments by using a non-volatile ionic liquid (IL) solvent, electrolyte, and catalysis promoter. An electrochemical CO₂ reduction system (ECRS) could improve O₂ recovery from CO₂ by up to 70%, or it could function to recover 50% O₂ from CO₂ without a net water loss, which can be advantageous in missions where in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) of Martian atmospheric CO₂ is desired. Ionic liquid supported electrochemical CO₂ reduction is evaluated to determine its feasibility for space applications. The requirements, sizing, and challenges of including an ECRS are considered for various possible ECLSS or ISRU architectures. The current state-of-the-art for IL supported CO₂ electrolysis is reviewed, and selections of ILs studied experimentally in this work are presented and justified. Thermophysical properties of the ILs as neat and aqueous solutions are measured to aid in understanding and design of the ILs themselves and in systems using them. Aqueous IL solutions are studied using cyclic voltammetry and constant potential electrolysis with gaseous product analysis to determine if and how the selected ILs promote electrochemical CO₂ reduction. A concept for a vacuum-assisted product removal (VAPR) CO₂ electrolyzer is presented as a possible solution to space application environmental conditions and requirements, and the concept is demonstrated through the design and testing of a prototype electrolyzer. Advisors/Committee Members: David M. Klaus, James A. Nabity, Carl A. Koval.

Subjects/Keywords: carbon dioxide reduction; electrochemistry; ionic liquid; space exploration; electrolyzer; Aerospace Engineering; Chemical Engineering; Chemistry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Holquist, J. B. (2018). Direct Generation of Oxygen via Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction with an Ionic Liquid. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/asen_gradetds/240

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Holquist, Jordan Barr. “Direct Generation of Oxygen via Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction with an Ionic Liquid.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://scholar.colorado.edu/asen_gradetds/240.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Holquist, Jordan Barr. “Direct Generation of Oxygen via Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction with an Ionic Liquid.” 2018. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Holquist JB. Direct Generation of Oxygen via Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction with an Ionic Liquid. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/asen_gradetds/240.

Council of Science Editors:

Holquist JB. Direct Generation of Oxygen via Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction with an Ionic Liquid. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2018. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/asen_gradetds/240

Delft University of Technology

19. Kazemi, S. Sustainable Ways of Combining Reactions and Separations Using Ionic Liquids and Carbon Dioxide.

Degree: 2013, Delft University of Technology

URL: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5a904a83-b976-4539-b483-05726079ea71 ; urn:NBN:nl:ui:24-uuid:5a904a83-b976-4539-b483-05726079ea71 ; urn:NBN:nl:ui:24-uuid:5a904a83-b976-4539-b483-05726079ea71 ; http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5a904a83-b976-4539-b483-05726079ea71

► Traditional chemical processes show shortcomings caused by using volatile organic compounds as solvents during reactions and separations. Therefore, it is necessary to address this issue… (more)

▼ Traditional chemical processes show shortcomings caused by using volatile organic compounds as solvents during reactions and separations. Therefore, it is necessary to address this issue by moving toward more environmentally friendly processes. This is possible by using less toxic and hazardous solvents, such as ionic liquids and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). Ionic liquids have attracted a lot of attention as potential “green” solvents to replace conventional organic solvents due to their unique properties. Ionic liquids are molten salts, which are liquid below 373 K. They consist of organic cations with organic or inorganic anions. Typically, ionic liquids possess an extremely low vapor pressure, a high thermal stability, and a wide liquid range. Ionic liquids show high solubility for both polar and apolar compounds. As a result of these properties, there are many reports where ionic liquids have been used as solvents for chemical reactions. Moreover, ionic liquids in combination with CO2 show numerous advantages. For instance, ionic liquids do not dissolve in CO2, but CO2 is highly soluble in ionic liquids. Moreover, it is shown before that CO2 is able to force two immiscible liquid phases to form one homogeneous phase as CO2 pressure increases. This interesting behavior, which is known as the miscibility switch phenomenon, is generally applicable for ternary systems containing ionic liquids, CO2 and organics. A new process set-up based on this phase behavior has been proposed, in which the reaction is carried out in a homogenous phase at high rate (no mass transfer limitations) by selection of a suitable pressure, temperature and CO2 concentration. After completion of the reaction, a phase separation is induced by changing the conditions. The product can be recovered with high purity from one of the two phases that is substantially free of ionic liquid. Two model reactions were studied to apply this new process concept. First, the epoxidation reaction of cinnamyl alcohol to 3-phenylglycidol was studied in the presence of ionic liquids as solvents. (2S,3S)-(-)-3-Phenylglycidol is an intermediate for a well-known potent active anti-inflammatory agent, Ibuprofen. In order to scale up the reaction in an ionic liquid/scCO2 miscibility switch system, a study was started to select the optimum ionic liquid in this case. The catalytic epoxidation reaction of cinnamyl alcohol in the presence of ionic liquids was optimized with respect to various parameters: (i) type and amount of oxidizing agent, (ii) type and amount of catalyst, (iii) type of ionic liquids (ranging from hydrophobic to hydrophilic), and (iv) temperature. Optimization of the conditions revealed that product stability is the key factor in determining the reaction conditions. Optimum conditions were obtained using the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([bmim][Tf2N]) with 3 mol% vanadyl acetylacetonate as a catalyst and 1,5 equiv. of tert-butyl hydroperoxide as oxidant at 25 °C. In order to design the subsequent… Advisors/Committee Members: Arends, I.W.C.E., Kroon, M.C., Witkamp, G.J., Peters, C.J..

Subjects/Keywords: Ionic liquid; Carbon dioxide; Reaction; Separation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kazemi, S. (2013). Sustainable Ways of Combining Reactions and Separations Using Ionic Liquids and Carbon Dioxide. (Doctoral Dissertation). Delft University of Technology. Retrieved from http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5a904a83-b976-4539-b483-05726079ea71 ; urn:NBN:nl:ui:24-uuid:5a904a83-b976-4539-b483-05726079ea71 ; urn:NBN:nl:ui:24-uuid:5a904a83-b976-4539-b483-05726079ea71 ; http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5a904a83-b976-4539-b483-05726079ea71

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kazemi, S. “Sustainable Ways of Combining Reactions and Separations Using Ionic Liquids and Carbon Dioxide.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Delft University of Technology. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5a904a83-b976-4539-b483-05726079ea71 ; urn:NBN:nl:ui:24-uuid:5a904a83-b976-4539-b483-05726079ea71 ; urn:NBN:nl:ui:24-uuid:5a904a83-b976-4539-b483-05726079ea71 ; http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5a904a83-b976-4539-b483-05726079ea71.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kazemi, S. “Sustainable Ways of Combining Reactions and Separations Using Ionic Liquids and Carbon Dioxide.” 2013. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kazemi S. Sustainable Ways of Combining Reactions and Separations Using Ionic Liquids and Carbon Dioxide. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Delft University of Technology; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5a904a83-b976-4539-b483-05726079ea71 ; urn:NBN:nl:ui:24-uuid:5a904a83-b976-4539-b483-05726079ea71 ; urn:NBN:nl:ui:24-uuid:5a904a83-b976-4539-b483-05726079ea71 ; http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5a904a83-b976-4539-b483-05726079ea71.

Council of Science Editors:

Kazemi S. Sustainable Ways of Combining Reactions and Separations Using Ionic Liquids and Carbon Dioxide. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Delft University of Technology; 2013. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5a904a83-b976-4539-b483-05726079ea71 ; urn:NBN:nl:ui:24-uuid:5a904a83-b976-4539-b483-05726079ea71 ; urn:NBN:nl:ui:24-uuid:5a904a83-b976-4539-b483-05726079ea71 ; http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5a904a83-b976-4539-b483-05726079ea71

University of Toronto

20. Abolhasani, Milad. Control and Automation of Fluid Flow, Mass Transfer and Chemical Reactions in Microscale Segmented Flow.

Degree: PhD, 2014, University of Toronto

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/68229

► Flowing trains of uniformly sized bubbles/droplets (i.e., segmented flows) and the associated mass transfer enhancement over their single-phase counterparts have been studied extensively during the… (more)

▼ Flowing trains of uniformly sized bubbles/droplets (i.e., segmented flows) and the associated mass transfer enhancement over their single-phase counterparts have been studied extensively during the past fifty years. Although the scaling behaviour of segmented flow formation is increasingly well understood, the predictive adjustment of the desired flow characteristics that influence the mixing and residence times, remains a challenge. Currently, a time consuming, slow and often inconsistent manual manipulation of experimental conditions is required to address this task. In my thesis, I have overcome the above-mentioned challenges and developed an experimental strategy that for the first time provided predictive control over segmented flows in a hands-off manner. A computer-controlled platform that consisted of a real-time image processing module within an integral controller, a silicon-based microreactor and automated fluid delivery technique was designed, implemented and validated. In a first part of my thesis I utilized this approach for the automated screening of physical mass transfer and solubility characteristics of carbon dioxide (CO2) in a physical solvent at a well-defined temperature and pressure and a throughput of 12 conditions per hour. Second, by applying the segmented flow approach to a recently discovered CO2 chemical absorbent, frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs), I determined the thermodynamic characteristics of the CO2-FLP reaction. Finally, the segmented flow approach was employed for characterization and investigation of CO2-governed liquid-liquid phase separation process.The second part of my thesis utilized the segmented flow platform for the preparation and shape control of high quality colloidal nanomaterials (e.g., CdSe/CdS) via the automated control of residence times up to approximately 5 minutes. By introducing a novel oscillatory segmented flow concept, I was able to further extend the residence time limitation to 24 hours. A case study of a slow candidate reaction, the etching of gold nanorods during up to five hours, served to illustrate the utility of oscillatory segmented flows in assessing the shape evolution of colloidal nanomaterials on-chip via continuous optical interrogation at only one sensing location. The developed cruise control strategy will enable plug'n play operation of segmented flows in applications that include flow chemistry, material synthesis and in-flow analysis and screening. Advisors/Committee Members: Axel, Günther, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering.

Subjects/Keywords: Carbon Dioxide; Gas-Liquid Solubility; Microfluidics; Quantum Dots; Segmented Flow; Switchable Water; 0548

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APA (6^th Edition):

Abolhasani, M. (2014). Control and Automation of Fluid Flow, Mass Transfer and Chemical Reactions in Microscale Segmented Flow. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Toronto. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1807/68229

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Abolhasani, Milad. “Control and Automation of Fluid Flow, Mass Transfer and Chemical Reactions in Microscale Segmented Flow.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Toronto. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/68229.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Abolhasani, Milad. “Control and Automation of Fluid Flow, Mass Transfer and Chemical Reactions in Microscale Segmented Flow.” 2014. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Abolhasani M. Control and Automation of Fluid Flow, Mass Transfer and Chemical Reactions in Microscale Segmented Flow. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Toronto; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/68229.

Council of Science Editors:

Abolhasani M. Control and Automation of Fluid Flow, Mass Transfer and Chemical Reactions in Microscale Segmented Flow. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Toronto; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/68229

University of Notre Dame

21. Katherine Elizabeth Wilbanks. Phase behavior of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide</h1>.

Degree: Chemical Engineering, 2007, University of Notre Dame

URL: https://curate.nd.edu/show/sx61dj55998

► The phase behavior of carbon dioxide and oxygen mixtures in the ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [hmim][Tf2N], at (40 å± 0.5) ̊C was investigated. Experiments… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: ionic liquid; carbon dioxide; solubility; oxygen

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wilbanks, K. E. (2007). Phase behavior of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide</h1>. (Thesis). University of Notre Dame. Retrieved from https://curate.nd.edu/show/sx61dj55998

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wilbanks, Katherine Elizabeth. “Phase behavior of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide</h1>.” 2007. Thesis, University of Notre Dame. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://curate.nd.edu/show/sx61dj55998.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wilbanks, Katherine Elizabeth. “Phase behavior of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide</h1>.” 2007. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Wilbanks KE. Phase behavior of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide</h1>. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Notre Dame; 2007. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://curate.nd.edu/show/sx61dj55998.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wilbanks KE. Phase behavior of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide</h1>. [Thesis]. University of Notre Dame; 2007. Available from: https://curate.nd.edu/show/sx61dj55998

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Melbourne

22. La Nauze, Robert David. Gas bubble behaviour in liquid systems.

Degree: 1972, University of Melbourne

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/35906

► The formation phenomena of carbon-dioxide bubbling into water through 1/16”, 1/8” and 3/16” diameter orifices was recorded photographically for gas flow rates between 1 and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: carbon-dioxide bubbling; bubbles; liquid systems

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APA (6^th Edition):

La Nauze, R. D. (1972). Gas bubble behaviour in liquid systems. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Melbourne. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11343/35906

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

La Nauze, Robert David. “Gas bubble behaviour in liquid systems.” 1972. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Melbourne. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11343/35906.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

La Nauze, Robert David. “Gas bubble behaviour in liquid systems.” 1972. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

La Nauze RD. Gas bubble behaviour in liquid systems. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 1972. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/35906.

Council of Science Editors:

La Nauze RD. Gas bubble behaviour in liquid systems. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 1972. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/35906

University of New South Wales

23. Jowett, Aidan. Biphasic carbon dioxide/ionic liquid systems for performing reactions and extractions.

Degree: Chemical Engineering, 2020, University of New South Wales

URL: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/66649 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:66562/SOURCE02?view=true

► The work presented is focused on assessing the viability and impacts of using mixtures of ionic liquids and carbon dioxide for the purposes of carrying… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Reaction performance; Biphasic carbon dioxide system; Biphasic iconic liquid systems; Extraction performance

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jowett, A. (2020). Biphasic carbon dioxide/ionic liquid systems for performing reactions and extractions. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New South Wales. Retrieved from http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/66649 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:66562/SOURCE02?view=true

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jowett, Aidan. “Biphasic carbon dioxide/ionic liquid systems for performing reactions and extractions.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New South Wales. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/66649 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:66562/SOURCE02?view=true.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jowett, Aidan. “Biphasic carbon dioxide/ionic liquid systems for performing reactions and extractions.” 2020. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Jowett A. Biphasic carbon dioxide/ionic liquid systems for performing reactions and extractions. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/66649 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:66562/SOURCE02?view=true.

Council of Science Editors:

Jowett A. Biphasic carbon dioxide/ionic liquid systems for performing reactions and extractions. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2020. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/66649 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:66562/SOURCE02?view=true

University of Texas – Austin

24. Chen, Xi, 1981-. Carbon dioxide thermodynamics, kinetics, and mass transfer in aqueous piperazine derivatives and other amines.

Degree: PhD, Chemical Engineering, 2011, University of Texas – Austin

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-08-4312

► To screen amine solvents for application in CO2 capture from coal-fired power plants, the equilibrium CO2 partial pressure and liquid film mass transfer coefficient were… (more)

▼ To screen amine solvents for application in CO2 capture from coal-fired power plants, the equilibrium CO2 partial pressure and liquid film mass transfer coefficient were characterized for CO2-loaded and highly concentrated aqueous amines at 40 – 100 °C over a range of CO2 loading with a Wetted Wall Column (WWC). The acyclic amines tested were ethylenediamine, 1,2-diaminopropane, diglycolamine®, methyldiethanolamine (MDEA)/Piperazine (PZ), 3-(methylamino)propylamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol/PZ. The cyclic amines tested were piperazine derivatives including proline, 2-piperidineethanol, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine, 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine, N-methylpiperazine (NMPZ), 2-methylpiperazine (2MPZ), 2,5-trans-dimethylpiperazine, 2MPZ/PZ, and PZ/NMPZ/1,4-dimethylpiperazine (1,4-DMPZ). The cyclic CO2 capacity and heat of CO2 absorption were estimated with a semi-empirical vapor-liquid-equilibrium model. 5 m MDEA/5 m PZ, 8 m 2MPZ, 4 m 2MPZ/4 m PZ and 3.75 m PZ/3.75 m NMPZ/0.5 m 1,4-DMPZ were identified as promising solvent candidates for their large CO2 capacity, fast mass transfer rate and moderately high heat of absorption. The speciation in 8 m 2MPZ and 4 m 2MPZ / 4 m PZ at 40 °C at varied CO2 loading was investigated using quantitative 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In 8 m 2MPZ at 40 °C over the CO2 loading range of 0 – 0.37 mol CO2/mol alkalinity, more than 75% of the dissolved CO2 exists in the form of unhindered 2MPZ monocarbamate, and the rest is in the form of bicarbonate and dicarbamate; 19% - 56% of 2MPZ is converted to 2MPZ carbamate at 0.1 - 0.37 mol CO2/mol alkalinity. A rigorous thermodynamic model was developed for 8 m 2MPZ in the framework of the Electrolyte Nonrandom Two-Liquid (ENRTL) model. At 40 °C, the reaction stoichiometry for 2MPZ and CO2 is around 2 at lean loading but diminishes to 0 at rich loading. Bicarbonate becomes the major product at CO2 loading greater than 0.35 mol/mol alkalinity. The predicted heat of CO2 absorption is 75 kJ/mol at 140 °C and decreases with temperature when CO2 loading is above 0.25. The mass transfer rate data for 8 m 2MPZ was represented with a rate-based WWC model created in Aspen Plus®. The reaction rate was described with termolecular mechanism on an activity basis. With minor CO2 loading adjustment and regression of pre-exponential kinetic constants and diffusion activation energy, a majority of the measured CO2 fluxes in the WWC experiments were fitted by the model within ±20% over 40 – 100 °C and 0.1 – 0.37 mol CO2/mol alkalinity. The diffusion activation energy for 8 m 2MPZ at the rich loading is about 28 kJ/mol. The activity-based reaction rate constant at 40 °C for 2MPZ carbamate formation catalyzed by 2MPZ is 1.94×1010 kmol/m3•s. The calculated liquid film mass transfer coefficients are in close agreement with the experimental values. The liquid film mass transfer rate is dependent on the diffusion coefficients of amine and CO2 to the same extent at lean loading and 40 °C. The sum… Advisors/Committee Members: Rochelle, Gary T. (advisor), Alper, Hal S. (committee member), Bryant, Steven L. (committee member), Korgel, Brian A. (committee member), Ganesan, Venkat (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Piperazine derivatives; Carbon dioxide solubility; Liquid film mass transfer coefficient; Heat of absorption

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chen, Xi, 1. (2011). Carbon dioxide thermodynamics, kinetics, and mass transfer in aqueous piperazine derivatives and other amines. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-08-4312

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chen, Xi, 1981-. “Carbon dioxide thermodynamics, kinetics, and mass transfer in aqueous piperazine derivatives and other amines.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-08-4312.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chen, Xi, 1981-. “Carbon dioxide thermodynamics, kinetics, and mass transfer in aqueous piperazine derivatives and other amines.” 2011. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Chen, Xi 1. Carbon dioxide thermodynamics, kinetics, and mass transfer in aqueous piperazine derivatives and other amines. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-08-4312.

Council of Science Editors:

Chen, Xi 1. Carbon dioxide thermodynamics, kinetics, and mass transfer in aqueous piperazine derivatives and other amines. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-08-4312

University of New South Wales

25. Nieass, Christopher Stephen. A study of liquid carbon dioxide as a solvent and propellant.

Degree: Chemical Technology, Faculty of Applied Science, 1980, University of New South Wales

URL: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/58049 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:45341/SOURCE02?view=true

Subjects/Keywords: Thesis Digitisation Program; Solvents; Liquid propellants; Liquid carbon dioxide

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APA (6^th Edition):

Nieass, C. S. (1980). A study of liquid carbon dioxide as a solvent and propellant. (Masters Thesis). University of New South Wales. Retrieved from http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/58049 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:45341/SOURCE02?view=true

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nieass, Christopher Stephen. “A study of liquid carbon dioxide as a solvent and propellant.” 1980. Masters Thesis, University of New South Wales. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/58049 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:45341/SOURCE02?view=true.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nieass, Christopher Stephen. “A study of liquid carbon dioxide as a solvent and propellant.” 1980. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Nieass CS. A study of liquid carbon dioxide as a solvent and propellant. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of New South Wales; 1980. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/58049 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:45341/SOURCE02?view=true.

Council of Science Editors:

Nieass CS. A study of liquid carbon dioxide as a solvent and propellant. [Masters Thesis]. University of New South Wales; 1980. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/58049 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:45341/SOURCE02?view=true

Texas A&M University

26. Fontenot, Charles Edward. Development of a differential equation of state to describe subcritical isotherms of carbon dioxide.

Degree: MS, chemical engineering, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1980-THESIS-F683

Subjects/Keywords: chemical engineering.; Major chemical engineering.; Equality of states.; Carbon dioxide.; Liquid carbon dioxide.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Fontenot, C. E. (2012). Development of a differential equation of state to describe subcritical isotherms of carbon dioxide. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1980-THESIS-F683

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fontenot, Charles Edward. “Development of a differential equation of state to describe subcritical isotherms of carbon dioxide.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1980-THESIS-F683.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fontenot, Charles Edward. “Development of a differential equation of state to describe subcritical isotherms of carbon dioxide.” 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Fontenot CE. Development of a differential equation of state to describe subcritical isotherms of carbon dioxide. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1980-THESIS-F683.

Council of Science Editors:

Fontenot CE. Development of a differential equation of state to describe subcritical isotherms of carbon dioxide. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1980-THESIS-F683

27. Momin, Farhana. Reaction of sulfur dioxide (SO2) with reversible ionic liquids (RevILs) for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture.

Degree: MS, Chemical Engineering, 2012, Georgia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47525

► Silylated amines, also known as reversible ionic liquids (RevILs), have been designed and structurally modified by our group for potential use as solvents for CO₂… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Reversibility; Carbon dioxide capture; Sulfur dioxide; Ionic liquid; Carbon dioxide mitigation; Carbon dioxide; Gases—Separation

…in a mixed gas stream3. Capture and subsequent sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2… …carbon dioxide (CO 2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) from gas mixtures… …11 Figure 8 Viscosity of TPSA as a function of ionic liquid mole fraction, 25°C… …solvents for CO2 capture from flue gas. An ideal CO2 capture ionic liquid should be able to… …reacts with pure SO2 to form an ionic liquid consisting of an ammonium group and a salfamate…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Momin, F. (2012). Reaction of sulfur dioxide (SO2) with reversible ionic liquids (RevILs) for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture. (Masters Thesis). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47525

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Momin, Farhana. “Reaction of sulfur dioxide (SO2) with reversible ionic liquids (RevILs) for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Georgia Tech. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47525.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Momin, Farhana. “Reaction of sulfur dioxide (SO2) with reversible ionic liquids (RevILs) for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture.” 2012. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Momin F. Reaction of sulfur dioxide (SO2) with reversible ionic liquids (RevILs) for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Georgia Tech; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47525.

Council of Science Editors:

Momin F. Reaction of sulfur dioxide (SO2) with reversible ionic liquids (RevILs) for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture. [Masters Thesis]. Georgia Tech; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47525

Northeastern University

28. Apaydin, Mehmet Cem. Electrophoretic directed assembly and transfer of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) for electronics and biomedical applications.

Degree: PhD, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 2015, Northeastern University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20154933

► Electronics industry is in need of new nanomaterials to integrate into various applications, such as integrated circuits, optoelectronics and sensor devices. Apart from conventional devices… (more)

▼ Electronics industry is in need of new nanomaterials to integrate into various applications, such as integrated circuits, optoelectronics and sensor devices. Apart from conventional devices that are established previously with silicon and III–V semiconductors, the flexible electronics with novel molecular architectures is a new rising trend. The integration of these materials into the applications is needed in order to exceed the recent performance limits. This requires highly scalable, high–yield and high–rate micro/nano fabrication methods. Instead of the traditional top–down manufacturing approaches, novel non-traditional bottom–up processes are envisioned for the successful integration in the next decade. However, few realistic efforts have been made to successfully commercialize the applications above for the consumer availability by introducing novel bottom–up fabrication procedures.; Single–walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) hold promise for various electronics applications by displaying significant fundamental physical characteristics. Fundamental research has matured to identify the capabilities of SWNTs, and it is believed that SWNTs pave the way to advance the contemporary applications in electronics industry by providing miniaturization and flexibility. However, suitable fabrication methods have to be developed to fully utilize SWNTs for commercialization and consumer availability. The manufacturing approaches introduced in this research aim to provide high–rate and low–cost methodologies that realize the applications over large area with high–yield and reliability.; In this dissertation, electrophoretic directed assembly of SWNTs and various transfer methods are utilized to integrate the aligned thin–film SWNT networks into the applications, mainly in the field of flexible electronics. Electrophoretic directed assembly of SWNTs is a reliable method for having precise control over the location and alignment of SWNTs on device layouts. A parameter study is done to tune the thin–film assembly of aligned SWNT networks that are considered as the active layers of devices. Three different integration processes with material transfer are engineered to incorporate the high–density highly aligned thin–film SWNT networks from templates to devices. Each methodology aims to realize flexible microelectronics with transistor–based applications. It is demonstrated that such SWNT networks are integrable into the flexible electronics without altering the mainstream physical characteristics of SWNTs and devices by bringing the appropriate materials and methods together.

Subjects/Keywords: directed assembly; percolation; process; single-walled carbon nanotubes; transfer printing; transistor; Nanostructured materials; Design and construction; Carbon nanotubes; Industrial applications; Nanotechnology; Industrial applications; Electrophoresis; Microfabrication; Microelectronics; Percolation (Statistical physics)

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APA (6^th Edition):

Apaydin, M. C. (2015). Electrophoretic directed assembly and transfer of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) for electronics and biomedical applications. (Doctoral Dissertation). Northeastern University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20154933

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Apaydin, Mehmet Cem. “Electrophoretic directed assembly and transfer of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) for electronics and biomedical applications.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Northeastern University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20154933.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Apaydin, Mehmet Cem. “Electrophoretic directed assembly and transfer of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) for electronics and biomedical applications.” 2015. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Apaydin MC. Electrophoretic directed assembly and transfer of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) for electronics and biomedical applications. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Northeastern University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20154933.

Council of Science Editors:

Apaydin MC. Electrophoretic directed assembly and transfer of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) for electronics and biomedical applications. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Northeastern University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20154933

29. Panu, Marc-Daniel Mukendi. Reducing CO₂ Emissions Through Industrial Symbiosis: A Simultaneous Heat and Mass Integration Approach.

Degree: MS, Chemical Engineering, 2017, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/166038

► CO₂ emissions have a harmful effect on the environment as CO₂ is the most significant contributor to global climate change. In 2015, representatives from countries… (more)

▼ CO₂ emissions have a harmful effect on the environment as CO₂ is the most significant contributor to global climate change. In 2015, representatives from countries around the globe met at the Paris Climate Conference to discuss the status of the global carbon budget and climate change. There, it was agreed to make a global effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It is expected intergovernmental mandates will be implemented to limit CO₂ emissions in effort to cap the global temperature rise at 2°C above pre-industrial temperatures. Reduction of CO₂ emissions is one of the most important strategies in addressing global climate change. About half of all CO₂ emissions come from industry and power plants. Therefore, these stationary sources are logical starting points for consideration. A commonly proposed solution to reducing CO₂ emissions is Carbon Capture, Utilization and Sequestration (CCUS). This strategy presents the opportunity to simultaneously reduce CO₂ emissions and create valuable products from waste material, generating profit for companies without the need to overhaul the energy infrastructure. However, despite the promise of CCUS, the chemical properties of CO₂ have rendered many developments in this area to be cost prohibitive. The objective of this work is to demonstrate that by applying the principles of heat and mass integration through an industrial-symbiosis approach, CO₂ utilization processes can be integrated into eco-industrial parks to yield value-added chemicals in a cost-effective manner while offering enhanced CO₂ fixation. A hierarchical approach and an optimization formulation have been developed to screen the alternatives and to provide conceptual designs of the promising pathways and integration strategies. A case study was solved to illustrate the merits of the proposed approach. Preliminary screening shows that, when integrated with a typical hydrocarbon processing industrial city, urea, methanol, formic acid, acetic acid and ethylene glycol are viable candidates for production from CO₂. Various configurations of these processes show a positive net fixation of CO₂ while generating a profit. The overall reduction of CO₂ emissions, however, is limited to around 16% due to capacity constraints on the new processes. Advisors/Committee Members: El-Halwagi, Mahmoud (advisor), Nasr-El-Din, Hisham (committee member), Mannan, M. Sam (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: CCUS; Industrial Symbiosis; Carbon Dioxide

…between these media is carbon dioxide. Through the works of Antoine Lavoisier, J.J. Ebelmen, and… …processes which emit carbon dioxide into the atmosphere (CO2 sources) and processes… …which remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and fix it into another form (CO2 sinks… …the carbon cycle. Since the industrial revolution, the creation of anthropogenic sources has… …x29; The increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide contributes to global climate change through…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Panu, M. M. (2017). Reducing CO₂ Emissions Through Industrial Symbiosis: A Simultaneous Heat and Mass Integration Approach. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/166038

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Panu, Marc-Daniel Mukendi. “Reducing CO₂ Emissions Through Industrial Symbiosis: A Simultaneous Heat and Mass Integration Approach.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/166038.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Panu, Marc-Daniel Mukendi. “Reducing CO₂ Emissions Through Industrial Symbiosis: A Simultaneous Heat and Mass Integration Approach.” 2017. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Panu MM. Reducing CO₂ Emissions Through Industrial Symbiosis: A Simultaneous Heat and Mass Integration Approach. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/166038.

Council of Science Editors:

Panu MM. Reducing CO₂ Emissions Through Industrial Symbiosis: A Simultaneous Heat and Mass Integration Approach. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/166038

Vanderbilt University

30. Douglas, Anna Elisabeth. Sustainable Manufacturing of Carbon Nanomaterials for Energy Storage Applications.

Degree: PhD, Interdisciplinary Materials Science, 2019, Vanderbilt University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1803/11370

► In order to preserve long-term human sustainability on Earth, many researchers have focused significant efforts towards developing technologies that 1) decrease greenhouse gas emissions, and… (more)

▼ In order to preserve long-term human sustainability on Earth, many researchers have focused significant efforts towards developing technologies that 1) decrease greenhouse gas emissions, and 2) utilize atmospheric carbon dioxide as a feedstock gas for the production of materials, chemicals, and fuels. While Li-ion batteries have emerged as an ideal technology to reduce emissions through electric vehicles and the storage of renewably-generated energy for electricity, the current cost of Li-ion batteries today limits widespread integration. This cost is fueled mainly by the low earth abundance and high processing cost of Li-ion materials. In this dissertation, I focus on the use of low-cost and earth abundant materials for both Li- and Na- ion battery applications. A platform for the capture and conversion of atmospheric CO2 into solid carbon structures is developed, with an emphasis on the catalytic growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) through electrochemical routes. Small diameter CNTs are synthesized through the development of an inert anode capable of activating catalytic particles present at the cathode-electrolyte interface, and careful study of dynamic catalytic processes leads to the first mechanistic understandings of electrochemical CNT growth from CO2. Phenomena such as catalyst size dictating the structure of CNTs synthesized and Ostwald ripening of catalysts over time are studied, and electrochemical “pinning” of catalytic particles through the use of high current pulses is demonstrated to drive the formation of small-diameter CNTs with the first observation of single-walled CNTs from CO2 characterized by Raman spectroscopy. Lastly, these CO2-derived CNTs are integrated into Li-ion batteries at both the anode (as the active material) and the cathode (as the conductive additive with Fe-based active materials) and demonstrate a full-cell with a 68% reduction in CO2 emissions associated with Li-ion materials. Advisors/Committee Members: Douglas Adams (committee member), Greg Walker (committee member), Jason Valentine (committee member), Rizia Bardhan (committee member), Cary Pint (Committee Chair).

Subjects/Keywords: batteries; carbon; carbon dioxide; nanotubes

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APA (6^th Edition):

Douglas, A. E. (2019). Sustainable Manufacturing of Carbon Nanomaterials for Energy Storage Applications. (Doctoral Dissertation). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1803/11370

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Douglas, Anna Elisabeth. “Sustainable Manufacturing of Carbon Nanomaterials for Energy Storage Applications.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Vanderbilt University. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1803/11370.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Douglas, Anna Elisabeth. “Sustainable Manufacturing of Carbon Nanomaterials for Energy Storage Applications.” 2019. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Douglas AE. Sustainable Manufacturing of Carbon Nanomaterials for Energy Storage Applications. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1803/11370.

Council of Science Editors:

Douglas AE. Sustainable Manufacturing of Carbon Nanomaterials for Energy Storage Applications. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1803/11370

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