subject:(Ion exchange )

Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

1. Dyeshana, Vuyokazi. A study of the application of clinoptilolite as an ion exchange agent for selected metals in aqueous solution.

Degree: Faculty of Science, 2012, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1013257

► The aim of this study was to establish whether samples of South African-mined clinoptilolite could be used to remove selected metal cations from aqueous solution.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Ion exchange; Clinoptilolite

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APA (6^th Edition):

Dyeshana, V. (2012). A study of the application of clinoptilolite as an ion exchange agent for selected metals in aqueous solution. (Thesis). Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1013257

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dyeshana, Vuyokazi. “A study of the application of clinoptilolite as an ion exchange agent for selected metals in aqueous solution.” 2012. Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Accessed April 25, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1013257.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dyeshana, Vuyokazi. “A study of the application of clinoptilolite as an ion exchange agent for selected metals in aqueous solution.” 2012. Web. 25 Apr 2018.

Vancouver:

Dyeshana V. A study of the application of clinoptilolite as an ion exchange agent for selected metals in aqueous solution. [Internet] [Thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2012. [cited 2018 Apr 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1013257.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Dyeshana V. A study of the application of clinoptilolite as an ion exchange agent for selected metals in aqueous solution. [Thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1013257

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Texas – Austin

2. -0379-5171. Ion sorption and transport in ion exchange membranes : importance of counter-ion condensation.

Degree: Chemical Engineering, 2016, University of Texas – Austin

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/46268

► Due to their ability to selectively transport charged species (e.g., ions), ion exchange membranes (IEMs) are required for efficient operation of various membrane-based technologies for… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Ion exchange membrane; Ion sorption; Ion transport; Counter-ion condensation

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APA (6^th Edition):

-0379-5171. (2016). Ion sorption and transport in ion exchange membranes : importance of counter-ion condensation. (Thesis). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/46268

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

-0379-5171. “Ion sorption and transport in ion exchange membranes : importance of counter-ion condensation.” 2016. Thesis, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed April 25, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/46268.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

-0379-5171. “Ion sorption and transport in ion exchange membranes : importance of counter-ion condensation.” 2016. Web. 25 Apr 2018.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

Vancouver:

-0379-5171. Ion sorption and transport in ion exchange membranes : importance of counter-ion condensation. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Texas – Austin; 2016. [cited 2018 Apr 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/46268.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

-0379-5171. Ion sorption and transport in ion exchange membranes : importance of counter-ion condensation. [Thesis]. University of Texas – Austin; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/46268

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Johannesburg

3. Van der Walt, Tjaart Nicolaas. Chemie in die bereiding, skeiding en gehaltebeheer van draervrye radioisotope en radiofarmaseutiese middels .

Degree: 2014, University of Johannesburg

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10922

► This thesis describes the preparation of lead-203 and thallium-201 via proton induced nuclear reactions on natural lead cyclotron targets. The separation of bismuth-206, lead-203 and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Ion exchange chromatography; Radioisotopes; Radiopharmaceuticals

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APA (6^th Edition):

Van der Walt, T. N. (2014). Chemie in die bereiding, skeiding en gehaltebeheer van draervrye radioisotope en radiofarmaseutiese middels . (Thesis). University of Johannesburg. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10922

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Van der Walt, Tjaart Nicolaas. “Chemie in die bereiding, skeiding en gehaltebeheer van draervrye radioisotope en radiofarmaseutiese middels .” 2014. Thesis, University of Johannesburg. Accessed April 25, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10922.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Van der Walt, Tjaart Nicolaas. “Chemie in die bereiding, skeiding en gehaltebeheer van draervrye radioisotope en radiofarmaseutiese middels .” 2014. Web. 25 Apr 2018.

Vancouver:

Van der Walt TN. Chemie in die bereiding, skeiding en gehaltebeheer van draervrye radioisotope en radiofarmaseutiese middels . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Johannesburg; 2014. [cited 2018 Apr 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10922.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Van der Walt TN. Chemie in die bereiding, skeiding en gehaltebeheer van draervrye radioisotope en radiofarmaseutiese middels . [Thesis]. University of Johannesburg; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10922

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Oregon State University

4. Pennington, Lloyd Drew. Preparation and analytical application of some chelating ion exchange resins.

Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 1956, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/50976

Subjects/Keywords: Ion exchange

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APA (6^th Edition):

Pennington, L. D. (1956). Preparation and analytical application of some chelating ion exchange resins. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/50976

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pennington, Lloyd Drew. “Preparation and analytical application of some chelating ion exchange resins.” 1956. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed April 25, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/50976.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pennington, Lloyd Drew. “Preparation and analytical application of some chelating ion exchange resins.” 1956. Web. 25 Apr 2018.

Vancouver:

Pennington LD. Preparation and analytical application of some chelating ion exchange resins. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1956. [cited 2018 Apr 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/50976.

Council of Science Editors:

Pennington LD. Preparation and analytical application of some chelating ion exchange resins. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1956. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/50976

Oregon State University

5. Gile, Herman Schuyler. The application of some ion exchange theories to the adsorption of trace elements.

Degree: MS, Chemistry, 1955, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/51491

Subjects/Keywords: Ion exchange

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gile, H. S. (1955). The application of some ion exchange theories to the adsorption of trace elements. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/51491

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gile, Herman Schuyler. “The application of some ion exchange theories to the adsorption of trace elements.” 1955. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed April 25, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/51491.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gile, Herman Schuyler. “The application of some ion exchange theories to the adsorption of trace elements.” 1955. Web. 25 Apr 2018.

Vancouver:

Gile HS. The application of some ion exchange theories to the adsorption of trace elements. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 1955. [cited 2018 Apr 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/51491.

Council of Science Editors:

Gile HS. The application of some ion exchange theories to the adsorption of trace elements. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 1955. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/51491

Oregon State University

6. Miner, Frend John. The separation of aluminum and zirconium by ion exchange.

Degree: MS, Chemistry, 1952, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/52386

Subjects/Keywords: Ion exchange

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APA (6^th Edition):

Miner, F. J. (1952). The separation of aluminum and zirconium by ion exchange. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/52386

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Miner, Frend John. “The separation of aluminum and zirconium by ion exchange.” 1952. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed April 25, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/52386.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Miner, Frend John. “The separation of aluminum and zirconium by ion exchange.” 1952. Web. 25 Apr 2018.

Vancouver:

Miner FJ. The separation of aluminum and zirconium by ion exchange. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 1952. [cited 2018 Apr 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/52386.

Council of Science Editors:

Miner FJ. The separation of aluminum and zirconium by ion exchange. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 1952. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/52386

Penn State University

7. Naya, Tomoki. Conductivity of Ion Exchange Materials.

Degree: MS, Energy and Mineral Engineering, 2010, Penn State University

URL: https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10815

► Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and alkaline fuel cells (AFCs) have received much attention as two of the promising energy conversion systems which can… (more)

▼ Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and alkaline fuel cells (AFCs) have received much attention as two of the promising energy conversion systems which can be applied in many areas. In order to improve performance of the cells, the ionic conductivity of the ion exchange membranes (IEMs) have been studied by many research groups and a considerable number of IEMs and materials have been synthesized to show high conductivities in wide ranges of temperature and humidity. The measurement of ionic conductivity is crucially important in order to evaluate the performance of a newly synthesized material. Conventionally, the in-plane gas phase measurement has been used for thin-film organic membranes and the through-plane gas phase measurement has been used for inorganic-based membranes. However, the in-plane method measures the conductivity in a different direction from the operating condition of PEMFCs and AFCs. In order to overcome this problem, we applied the through-plane measurement for the thin-film membrane and compared the results with those of the conventional in-plane measurement. Similar approach was implemented for the liquid phase measurements. As a result, we found that the ionic conductivities in the membrane measured in the through-plane direction were significantly lower than those measured in the in-plane direction. Thus, we concluded that the through-plane measurement has some challenges to be solved and the through-plane measurement should be carried out more carefully than the in-plane measurement. In addition to these studies, we have investigated newly synthesized OH- conductive inorganic materials using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the ionic conductivity measurement in the through-plane direction. The materials showed high conductivities comparable to other reported inorganic materials in the low temperature and low humidity ranges. However, their conductivities are much lower than the conventionally used in potassium chloride-based electrolyzers. Therefore, we need further improve the ionic conductivity of the OH- conductive inorganic materials for the development of an efficient AFC.

Subjects/Keywords: ion exchange; conductivity; fuel cell

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APA (6^th Edition):

Naya, T. (2010). Conductivity of Ion Exchange Materials. (Masters Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10815

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Naya, Tomoki. “Conductivity of Ion Exchange Materials.” 2010. Masters Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 25, 2018. https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10815.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Naya, Tomoki. “Conductivity of Ion Exchange Materials.” 2010. Web. 25 Apr 2018.

Vancouver:

Naya T. Conductivity of Ion Exchange Materials. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Penn State University; 2010. [cited 2018 Apr 25]. Available from: https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10815.

Council of Science Editors:

Naya T. Conductivity of Ion Exchange Materials. [Masters Thesis]. Penn State University; 2010. Available from: https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10815

Penn State University

8. Noh, Young Dong. Cation exchange properties of highly charged swelling micas and titanosilicates.

Degree: PhD, Soil Science, 2010, Penn State University

URL: https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11659

► The principal goal of this thesis work was to investigate cation exchange properties of highly charged swelling micas such as Na1Si3AlMg3O10F2 • xH2O (Na-2-mica), Na1.5Si2.5Al1.5Mg3O10F2… (more)

▼ The principal goal of this thesis work was to investigate cation exchange properties of highly charged swelling micas such as Na1Si3AlMg3O10F2 • xH2O (Na-2-mica), Na1.5Si2.5Al1.5Mg3O10F2 • xH2O (Na-3-mica), and Na2Si2Al2Mg3O10F2 • xH2O (Na-4-mica) and titanosilicates such as sodium Engelhard titanosilicate 4 (Na-ETS-4) and Na-titanosilicate. The three mica ion exchangers were synthesized using a NaCl melt method and the two Na titanosilicates were synthesized by hydrothermal treatment, and characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, 29Si and 27Al MASNMR spectroscopy was used to understand layer charge properties of Na-micas and local chemical binding environment of Si and Al. Cation exchange isotherms and Kielland plots of the above five ion exchangers were constructed in order to evaluate their selective cation exchange properties for Sr2+ and Ba2+ and heavy metals such as Hg2+ and Co2+. 2Na+→ Sr2+ exchange isotherms and Kielland plots revealed that Na-2-mica, Na-ETS-4, and Na-titanosilicate showed high selectivity for Sr2+. For the case of 2Na+→ Ba2+ exchange, Na-2-mica and Na-ETS-4 had high preference for Ba2+ over Na+ with most of the equilibrium solutions used. Na-2-mica showed higher selectivity for Sr2+ and Ba2+ than Na-3-mica and Na-4-mica because of higher expansibility of Na-2-mica resulting in easier accessibility to exchange sites in interlayer space than the other two micas. This expansibility was limited by increasing electrostatic attraction with the increase in intercalated divalent cations. In the case of 2Na+ → Hg2+ exchange reaction, Na-ETS-4 was found to have higher distribution coefficient (Kd) value than any other ion exchangers tested. The Kielland plot for Hg2+ showed that only Na-ETS-4 had selectivity for mercury (II) with most of the exchange solutions used. 2Na+ → Co2+exchange equilibria revealed that Na-2-mica and Na-ETS-4 had high selectivity for cobalt ions over sodium ions at low Co equivalent fraction in the solid phase. Two different (001) phases of ~12 Å and ~14 Å were seen in the XRD patterns of the Na-micas after 2Na+ → M2+ (M=Sr, Ba, Hg) exchange reactions with different exchange solutions. This difference in the d001-value suggested the presence of adsorbed divalent cations with different hydration states in interlayer space after ion exchange reactions, because of partial dehydration of intercalated cations by strong electrostatic attraction between adsorbed cations and negatively charged layers. Both the extent of divalent cations intercalated and layer charge density affected the attractive electrostatic force. As the uptake of adsorbed divalent cations in the solid phase and the layer charge density increased, the electrostatic attraction increased contributing to the increase in the extent of the dehydration of cations intercalated. Unlike other cases, after 2Na+ → Co2+ exchange reaction, strong ~14 Å phase of Na-2-mica was retained even at high Co2+ uptake, while ~12 Å phase decreased as the amount of…

Subjects/Keywords: Mica; Titanosilicate; Ion exchange; Selectivity

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APA (6^th Edition):

Noh, Y. D. (2010). Cation exchange properties of highly charged swelling micas and titanosilicates. (Doctoral Dissertation). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11659

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Noh, Young Dong. “Cation exchange properties of highly charged swelling micas and titanosilicates.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, Penn State University. Accessed April 25, 2018. https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11659.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Noh, Young Dong. “Cation exchange properties of highly charged swelling micas and titanosilicates.” 2010. Web. 25 Apr 2018.

Vancouver:

Noh YD. Cation exchange properties of highly charged swelling micas and titanosilicates. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Penn State University; 2010. [cited 2018 Apr 25]. Available from: https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11659.

Council of Science Editors:

Noh YD. Cation exchange properties of highly charged swelling micas and titanosilicates. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Penn State University; 2010. Available from: https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11659

Oregon State University

9. Kelly, Shaun Francis. Non-convective ion movement in unsaturated porous media.

Degree: PhD, Civil Engineering, 1998, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34053

Subjects/Keywords: Ion exchange

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kelly, S. F. (1998). Non-convective ion movement in unsaturated porous media. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34053

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kelly, Shaun Francis. “Non-convective ion movement in unsaturated porous media.” 1998. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed April 25, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34053.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kelly, Shaun Francis. “Non-convective ion movement in unsaturated porous media.” 1998. Web. 25 Apr 2018.

Vancouver:

Kelly SF. Non-convective ion movement in unsaturated porous media. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1998. [cited 2018 Apr 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34053.

Council of Science Editors:

Kelly SF. Non-convective ion movement in unsaturated porous media. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1998. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34053

Oregon State University

10. Bairakdar, Hiyam. The high temperature radiosulfur exchange reaction of sulfur dioxide with concentrated sulfuric acid and ammonium bisulfate.

Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 1965, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/48113

► The present study has consisted primarily of an investigation of the rates of isotopic sulfur exchange between sulfur dioxide and various sulfur (VI) solutions, both… (more)

▼ The present study has consisted primarily of an investigation of the rates of isotopic sulfur exchange between sulfur dioxide and various sulfur (VI) solutions, both 100% H₂SO₄ and, in particular, related ammonia-containing sulfur (VI) solutions. One of the main objects of the work was to obtain a comparison between exchange rates in such systems and those previously observed in aqueous acid systems. The exchange was studied at temperatures from 167.5°C to 225.3°C, the sulfur (VI) systems examined including: (1) 100% H₂SO₄; (2) fused ammonium bisulfate; (3) mixtures of ammonium bisulfate and 100% H₂SO₄; and (4) a 1:1 mixture of ammonium bisulfate and 84.5% H₂SO₄. The observed rates were all conveniently measurable throughout the indicated temperature range. Previous studies of exchange rates between sulfur dioxide and either concentrated sulfuric acid solutions or fused ammonium bisulfate have shown in both cases the reaction to be first order in the amount of sulfur dioxide and proportional to the fraction of it dissolved in the solution, viz.: Rate = k (SO₂) (1) where (SO₂) represents dissolved sulfur dioxide concentration. The results showed, however, a wide variation of the rate constants for different types of solutions. In an attempt to account for this wide variation, an effort has now been made to interpret both the present results as well as previous data in terms of sulfur dioxide activities rather than concentrations. To this end equation (1) has been rewritten in the form Rate = k[subscript a] γ (SO₂) (2) where γ is the activity coefficient of sulfur dioxide in the solutions. In order to calculate the rate constants based on sulfur dioxide activities (k[subscript a]), the concentration rate constants (k) and activity coefficients (γ) were first calculated. The latter quantities were computed from the relationship: γ = P/P' (3) where P is the actual partial pressure of solute SO₂ over a solution at the composition of interest and P' is the calculated ideal solution (Raoult's law) partial pressure at the same composition. Values of P in equation (3) were calculated directly from sulfur dioxide distribution coefficients between gas phase and solution on the basis of the ideal gas equation, Henry's law having been found valid in these systems. The distribution coefficients were either obtained from the present exchange results or, for some of the previous data, were estimated by interpolation or extrapolation from data measured under slightly different conditions. A comparison between the two types of rate constants, k and k[subscript a], shows that, while the constants, k, vary drastically from one solution to another, the activity constants, k, vary among themselves to only a modest degree. A striking example of this feature is provided by comparison of exchange rates at 225.3°C in fused ammonium bisulfate and in the 1:1 mixture of ammonium bisulfate with 84.5% H₂SO₄. Here the constants k differ by a factor of 32 while the k[subscript a] values differ by only a factor… Advisors/Committee Members: Norris, T. H. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Ion exchange

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bairakdar, H. (1965). The high temperature radiosulfur exchange reaction of sulfur dioxide with concentrated sulfuric acid and ammonium bisulfate. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/48113

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bairakdar, Hiyam. “The high temperature radiosulfur exchange reaction of sulfur dioxide with concentrated sulfuric acid and ammonium bisulfate.” 1965. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed April 25, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/48113.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bairakdar, Hiyam. “The high temperature radiosulfur exchange reaction of sulfur dioxide with concentrated sulfuric acid and ammonium bisulfate.” 1965. Web. 25 Apr 2018.

Vancouver:

Bairakdar H. The high temperature radiosulfur exchange reaction of sulfur dioxide with concentrated sulfuric acid and ammonium bisulfate. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1965. [cited 2018 Apr 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/48113.

Council of Science Editors:

Bairakdar H. The high temperature radiosulfur exchange reaction of sulfur dioxide with concentrated sulfuric acid and ammonium bisulfate. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1965. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/48113

Oregon State University

11. Shakashiro, Mouaffac Hamdy. The determination of titanium, zirconium and hafnium in molybdenum, niobium and tantalum alloys by ion exchange.

Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 1965, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/48378

► New alloys containing refractory metals have been developed by the aero-space industry to meet the demand for thermally resistant materials. The chemical analysis of these… (more)

▼ New alloys containing refractory metals have been developed by the aero-space industry to meet the demand for thermally resistant materials. The chemical analysis of these alloys has been handled successfully by the use of ion exchange. Hydrofluoric acid, either alone or combined with hydrochloric acid, has here-to-fore been used to dissolve these alloys and complex their constituents, thus forming metal-fluoride anionic species which are preferentially adsorbed by the resin. Large volumes of eluents, made up of rather concentrated hydrofluoric-hydrochloric acid solutions, are necessary to separate the adsorbed species. The anion exchange behavior of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, molybdenum, tantalum and niobium, in the aqueous and mixed solvent sulfuric-oxalic acid system, was studied for three reasons: 1. The lack of methods designed for the separation and determination of small amounts of titanium, zirconium or hafnium in molybdenum, tantalum, and niobium base alloys. 2. The inconveniences associated with the use of hydrofluoric acid solutions. 3. The recent findings in ion exchange chromatography that the introduction of an organic solvent into the eluent enhances the chance of finding the proper conditions of separation. The distribution coefficient concept and the plate theory were utilized to find the proper conditions of separation. The effect of oxalic acid concentration, sulfuric acid percentage and methanol percentage on the elution character of the six metal ions was investigated. It was found that greater adsorption is favored at low percentage of sulfuric acid and high concentration of oxalic acid. In the presence of both acids, methanol decreases the adsorption of molybdenum, titanium, tantalum and niobium, and increases the adsorption of zirconium and hafnium. As a result of the previous studies, 17 separation procedures, involving different combinations of the six metals investigated, were developed using the concept of the minimum height column. These procedures were tested on synthetic metal mixtures and found adequate. The range in which some of these procedures could be used is wide. As low as 0.05% titanium and 0.05% zirconium could be separated from a molybdenum base alloy and determined accurately. Large amounts of constituents can be separated and determined as well. In addition to designing these separation procedures, some conclusions were drawn regarding the complex formation involved: 1. Titanium does not form anionic complexes in the presence of sulfuric acid and needs high level of sulfate ion to form such complexes. 2. Zirconium sulfate complexes are more stable than the hafnium ones. 3. Molybdenum forms sulfato complexes which seem to be in slow equilibrium with some unadsorbable species. 4. All six metal oxalato complexes are stable at low hydrogen ion concentration. At high acidities these complexes break down due to the repression of the oxalic acid dissociation. Methanol tends to increase the adsorption of metal ions from strong acid… Advisors/Committee Members: Freund, Harry (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Ion exchange

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APA (6^th Edition):

Shakashiro, M. H. (1965). The determination of titanium, zirconium and hafnium in molybdenum, niobium and tantalum alloys by ion exchange. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/48378

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Shakashiro, Mouaffac Hamdy. “The determination of titanium, zirconium and hafnium in molybdenum, niobium and tantalum alloys by ion exchange.” 1965. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed April 25, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/48378.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Shakashiro, Mouaffac Hamdy. “The determination of titanium, zirconium and hafnium in molybdenum, niobium and tantalum alloys by ion exchange.” 1965. Web. 25 Apr 2018.

Vancouver:

Shakashiro MH. The determination of titanium, zirconium and hafnium in molybdenum, niobium and tantalum alloys by ion exchange. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1965. [cited 2018 Apr 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/48378.

Council of Science Editors:

Shakashiro MH. The determination of titanium, zirconium and hafnium in molybdenum, niobium and tantalum alloys by ion exchange. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1965. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/48378

Oregon State University

12. Meyer, Walter. Equilibria in the ion exchange systems H⁺¹-CS⁺¹, H⁺²-Sr⁺², H⁺¹-Ce⁺³, Cs⁺¹-Sr⁺², Sr⁺²-Ce⁺³, H⁺¹-Cs⁺¹-Sr⁺², H⁺¹-Cs⁺¹-Ce⁺³ and H⁺¹-Sr⁺²-Ce⁺³.

Degree: PhD, Chemical Engineering, 1964, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/48640

► A new method for determining ion exchange equilibrium data by liquid scintillation counting of the equilibrated solution phase is described. This method has been applied… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Ion exchange

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APA (6^th Edition):

Meyer, W. (1964). Equilibria in the ion exchange systems H⁺¹-CS⁺¹, H⁺²-Sr⁺², H⁺¹-Ce⁺³, Cs⁺¹-Sr⁺², Sr⁺²-Ce⁺³, H⁺¹-Cs⁺¹-Sr⁺², H⁺¹-Cs⁺¹-Ce⁺³ and H⁺¹-Sr⁺²-Ce⁺³. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/48640

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Meyer, Walter. “Equilibria in the ion exchange systems H⁺¹-CS⁺¹, H⁺²-Sr⁺², H⁺¹-Ce⁺³, Cs⁺¹-Sr⁺², Sr⁺²-Ce⁺³, H⁺¹-Cs⁺¹-Sr⁺², H⁺¹-Cs⁺¹-Ce⁺³ and H⁺¹-Sr⁺²-Ce⁺³.” 1964. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed April 25, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/48640.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Meyer, Walter. “Equilibria in the ion exchange systems H⁺¹-CS⁺¹, H⁺²-Sr⁺², H⁺¹-Ce⁺³, Cs⁺¹-Sr⁺², Sr⁺²-Ce⁺³, H⁺¹-Cs⁺¹-Sr⁺², H⁺¹-Cs⁺¹-Ce⁺³ and H⁺¹-Sr⁺²-Ce⁺³.” 1964. Web. 25 Apr 2018.

Vancouver:

Meyer W. Equilibria in the ion exchange systems H⁺¹-CS⁺¹, H⁺²-Sr⁺², H⁺¹-Ce⁺³, Cs⁺¹-Sr⁺², Sr⁺²-Ce⁺³, H⁺¹-Cs⁺¹-Sr⁺², H⁺¹-Cs⁺¹-Ce⁺³ and H⁺¹-Sr⁺²-Ce⁺³. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1964. [cited 2018 Apr 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/48640.

Council of Science Editors:

Meyer W. Equilibria in the ion exchange systems H⁺¹-CS⁺¹, H⁺²-Sr⁺², H⁺¹-Ce⁺³, Cs⁺¹-Sr⁺², Sr⁺²-Ce⁺³, H⁺¹-Cs⁺¹-Sr⁺², H⁺¹-Cs⁺¹-Ce⁺³ and H⁺¹-Sr⁺²-Ce⁺³. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1964. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/48640

Oregon State University

13. Potter, Norman Douglas. The catalysis by nonionic bases of radiosulfur exchange between liquid sulfur dioxide and thionyl chloride.

Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 1962, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/49182

Subjects/Keywords: Ion exchange

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APA (6^th Edition):

Potter, N. D. (1962). The catalysis by nonionic bases of radiosulfur exchange between liquid sulfur dioxide and thionyl chloride. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/49182

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Potter, Norman Douglas. “The catalysis by nonionic bases of radiosulfur exchange between liquid sulfur dioxide and thionyl chloride.” 1962. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed April 25, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/49182.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Potter, Norman Douglas. “The catalysis by nonionic bases of radiosulfur exchange between liquid sulfur dioxide and thionyl chloride.” 1962. Web. 25 Apr 2018.

Vancouver:

Potter ND. The catalysis by nonionic bases of radiosulfur exchange between liquid sulfur dioxide and thionyl chloride. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1962. [cited 2018 Apr 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/49182.

Council of Science Editors:

Potter ND. The catalysis by nonionic bases of radiosulfur exchange between liquid sulfur dioxide and thionyl chloride. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1962. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/49182

Oregon State University

14. Bairakdar, Hiyam. The radiosulfur exchange reaction between sulfur dioxide and fused ammonium bisulfate.

Degree: MS, Chemistry, 1962, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/49348

Subjects/Keywords: Ion exchange

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bairakdar, H. (1962). The radiosulfur exchange reaction between sulfur dioxide and fused ammonium bisulfate. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/49348

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bairakdar, Hiyam. “The radiosulfur exchange reaction between sulfur dioxide and fused ammonium bisulfate.” 1962. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed April 25, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/49348.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bairakdar, Hiyam. “The radiosulfur exchange reaction between sulfur dioxide and fused ammonium bisulfate.” 1962. Web. 25 Apr 2018.

Vancouver:

Bairakdar H. The radiosulfur exchange reaction between sulfur dioxide and fused ammonium bisulfate. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 1962. [cited 2018 Apr 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/49348.

Council of Science Editors:

Bairakdar H. The radiosulfur exchange reaction between sulfur dioxide and fused ammonium bisulfate. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 1962. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/49348

Oregon State University

15. Webster, Gordon Ritchie. Ratio of ion activities in dilute equilibrium solutions from soils as related to several chemical properties and lime requirement.

Degree: PhD, Soils, 1958, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/50095

Subjects/Keywords: Ion exchange

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APA (6^th Edition):

Webster, G. R. (1958). Ratio of ion activities in dilute equilibrium solutions from soils as related to several chemical properties and lime requirement. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/50095

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Webster, Gordon Ritchie. “Ratio of ion activities in dilute equilibrium solutions from soils as related to several chemical properties and lime requirement.” 1958. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed April 25, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/50095.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Webster, Gordon Ritchie. “Ratio of ion activities in dilute equilibrium solutions from soils as related to several chemical properties and lime requirement.” 1958. Web. 25 Apr 2018.

Vancouver:

Webster GR. Ratio of ion activities in dilute equilibrium solutions from soils as related to several chemical properties and lime requirement. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1958. [cited 2018 Apr 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/50095.

Council of Science Editors:

Webster GR. Ratio of ion activities in dilute equilibrium solutions from soils as related to several chemical properties and lime requirement. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1958. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/50095

Oregon State University

16. Johnson, Leroy Franklin. Isotopic exchange reactions in sulfur oxyhalides.

Degree: MS, Chemistry, 1956, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/51149

Subjects/Keywords: Ion exchange

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APA (6^th Edition):

Johnson, L. F. (1956). Isotopic exchange reactions in sulfur oxyhalides. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/51149

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Johnson, Leroy Franklin. “Isotopic exchange reactions in sulfur oxyhalides.” 1956. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed April 25, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/51149.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Johnson, Leroy Franklin. “Isotopic exchange reactions in sulfur oxyhalides.” 1956. Web. 25 Apr 2018.

Vancouver:

Johnson LF. Isotopic exchange reactions in sulfur oxyhalides. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 1956. [cited 2018 Apr 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/51149.

Council of Science Editors:

Johnson LF. Isotopic exchange reactions in sulfur oxyhalides. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 1956. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/51149

Texas Tech University

17. Shipley, Wesley Walker. A model for distribution coefficients in ion-exchange chromatography.

Degree: Chemical Engineering, 1975, Texas Tech University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2346/11146

Subjects/Keywords: Ion exchange

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APA (6^th Edition):

Shipley, W. W. (1975). A model for distribution coefficients in ion-exchange chromatography. (Masters Thesis). Texas Tech University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2346/11146

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Shipley, Wesley Walker. “A model for distribution coefficients in ion-exchange chromatography.” 1975. Masters Thesis, Texas Tech University. Accessed April 25, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2346/11146.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Shipley, Wesley Walker. “A model for distribution coefficients in ion-exchange chromatography.” 1975. Web. 25 Apr 2018.

Vancouver:

Shipley WW. A model for distribution coefficients in ion-exchange chromatography. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas Tech University; 1975. [cited 2018 Apr 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2346/11146.

Council of Science Editors:

Shipley WW. A model for distribution coefficients in ion-exchange chromatography. [Masters Thesis]. Texas Tech University; 1975. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2346/11146

McGill University

18. Gérin, Michel. A study of the solvent extraction properties of trialkylammonium salts and their use as ion exchangers in liquid membrane anion selective electrodes.

Degree: PhD, Department of Chemistry, 1976, McGill University

URL: http://digitool.library.mcgill.ca/thesisfile76211.pdf

Subjects/Keywords: Ion exchange.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gérin, M. (1976). A study of the solvent extraction properties of trialkylammonium salts and their use as ion exchangers in liquid membrane anion selective electrodes. (Doctoral Dissertation). McGill University. Retrieved from http://digitool.library.mcgill.ca/thesisfile76211.pdf

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gérin, Michel. “A study of the solvent extraction properties of trialkylammonium salts and their use as ion exchangers in liquid membrane anion selective electrodes.” 1976. Doctoral Dissertation, McGill University. Accessed April 25, 2018. http://digitool.library.mcgill.ca/thesisfile76211.pdf.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gérin, Michel. “A study of the solvent extraction properties of trialkylammonium salts and their use as ion exchangers in liquid membrane anion selective electrodes.” 1976. Web. 25 Apr 2018.

Vancouver:

Gérin M. A study of the solvent extraction properties of trialkylammonium salts and their use as ion exchangers in liquid membrane anion selective electrodes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. McGill University; 1976. [cited 2018 Apr 25]. Available from: http://digitool.library.mcgill.ca/thesisfile76211.pdf.

Council of Science Editors:

Gérin M. A study of the solvent extraction properties of trialkylammonium salts and their use as ion exchangers in liquid membrane anion selective electrodes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. McGill University; 1976. Available from: http://digitool.library.mcgill.ca/thesisfile76211.pdf

Oklahoma State University

19. Kulkarni, Sanket. Predicting Ion Exchange Bead Rise during Backwash Flow.

Degree: School of Chemical Engineering, 2012, Oklahoma State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/9641

► Separation of cationic and anionic resin is an important step in mixed bed ion exchange operation. Prior to regeneration good separation of the two resins… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: drag coefficient; fluidization; ion exchange

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kulkarni, S. (2012). Predicting Ion Exchange Bead Rise during Backwash Flow. (Thesis). Oklahoma State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/9641

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kulkarni, Sanket. “Predicting Ion Exchange Bead Rise during Backwash Flow.” 2012. Thesis, Oklahoma State University. Accessed April 25, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11244/9641.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kulkarni, Sanket. “Predicting Ion Exchange Bead Rise during Backwash Flow.” 2012. Web. 25 Apr 2018.

Vancouver:

Kulkarni S. Predicting Ion Exchange Bead Rise during Backwash Flow. [Internet] [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2012. [cited 2018 Apr 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/9641.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kulkarni S. Predicting Ion Exchange Bead Rise during Backwash Flow. [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/9641

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Ottawa

20. Hastie, Michele. Energy and Water Conservation in Biodiesel Purification Processes .

Degree: 2011, University of Ottawa

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20384

► Biodiesel purification processes generate wastewater streams that require a large amount of energy when distillation is used as a treatment technology. Process simulation software was… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: biodiesel; purification; wastewater; ion exchange

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hastie, M. (2011). Energy and Water Conservation in Biodiesel Purification Processes . (Thesis). University of Ottawa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20384

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hastie, Michele. “Energy and Water Conservation in Biodiesel Purification Processes .” 2011. Thesis, University of Ottawa. Accessed April 25, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20384.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hastie, Michele. “Energy and Water Conservation in Biodiesel Purification Processes .” 2011. Web. 25 Apr 2018.

Vancouver:

Hastie M. Energy and Water Conservation in Biodiesel Purification Processes . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2011. [cited 2018 Apr 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20384.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Hastie M. Energy and Water Conservation in Biodiesel Purification Processes . [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20384

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Oklahoma State University

21. Japtiwale, Nikhil S. Spent Fluidized Cracking Catalyst (Fcc) - a Potential Adsorbent for Heavy Metals.

Degree: Chemical Engineering, 2013, Oklahoma State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/11162

► Spent fluidized cracking catalyst (FCC) can be utilized as an adsorbent for heavy metals from wastewater. The material is available in huge amount from refineries… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; ion-exchange

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APA (6^th Edition):

Japtiwale, N. S. (2013). Spent Fluidized Cracking Catalyst (Fcc) - a Potential Adsorbent for Heavy Metals. (Thesis). Oklahoma State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/11162

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Japtiwale, Nikhil S. “Spent Fluidized Cracking Catalyst (Fcc) - a Potential Adsorbent for Heavy Metals.” 2013. Thesis, Oklahoma State University. Accessed April 25, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11244/11162.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Japtiwale, Nikhil S. “Spent Fluidized Cracking Catalyst (Fcc) - a Potential Adsorbent for Heavy Metals.” 2013. Web. 25 Apr 2018.

Vancouver:

Japtiwale NS. Spent Fluidized Cracking Catalyst (Fcc) - a Potential Adsorbent for Heavy Metals. [Internet] [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2013. [cited 2018 Apr 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/11162.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Japtiwale NS. Spent Fluidized Cracking Catalyst (Fcc) - a Potential Adsorbent for Heavy Metals. [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/11162

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Michigan State University

22. Blakeslee, Paul Allan. Development of ion exchange resin methods for direct analysis of environmental radionuclides.

Degree: MS, Dept. of Civil and Sanitary Engineering, 1964, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:9761

Subjects/Keywords: Ion exchange

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APA (6^th Edition):

Blakeslee, P. A. (1964). Development of ion exchange resin methods for direct analysis of environmental radionuclides. (Masters Thesis). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:9761

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Blakeslee, Paul Allan. “Development of ion exchange resin methods for direct analysis of environmental radionuclides.” 1964. Masters Thesis, Michigan State University. Accessed April 25, 2018. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:9761.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Blakeslee, Paul Allan. “Development of ion exchange resin methods for direct analysis of environmental radionuclides.” 1964. Web. 25 Apr 2018.

Vancouver:

Blakeslee PA. Development of ion exchange resin methods for direct analysis of environmental radionuclides. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Michigan State University; 1964. [cited 2018 Apr 25]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:9761.

Council of Science Editors:

Blakeslee PA. Development of ion exchange resin methods for direct analysis of environmental radionuclides. [Masters Thesis]. Michigan State University; 1964. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:9761

23. Vuorio, Marja. The Use of Ion-Exchange Fibers in Controlled Transdermal Iontophoretic Drug Delivery.

Degree: 2004, Helsinki University of Technology

URL: http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2004/isbn9512272628/

► Transdermal iontophoresis is a method where the movement of ionic drugs (and sometimes also neutral drug molecules) across skin is enhanced using an externally applied… (more)

▼ Transdermal iontophoresis is a method where the movement of ionic drugs (and sometimes also neutral drug molecules) across skin is enhanced using an externally applied potential difference. Iontophoretic devices contain three distinct components; 1) the drug reservoir which contains one electrode, the polarity chosen depends on the charge of the drug, 2) the return electrode and 3) the electronic controller. In this study ion-exchange fibers were investigated as a drug reservoir material for iontophoretic device. The parameters affecting the drug release from the ion-exchange fibers without applied current were studied experimentally and theoretically modeled using five model drugs and four different ion-exchange fibers. It was found that lipophilic drugs were retained more strongly and for longer in the fibers than hydrophilic drugs. The hydrophilic drugs were also released more readily from fibers containing strong ion-exchange groups, whereas the lipophilic drugs attached more strongly to strong ion-exchange groups and released more easily from the weak ion-exchange groups. The salt concentration and the choice of the salt also had an effect; when using equimolar amounts of sodium chloride at lower salt concentrations, more drug was released. Incorporation of calcium chloride in the bathing solution increased considerably both the drug release rate and the total amount of drug released when compared to sodium chloride alone. The drug release from the fibers were studied in vitro and in vivo using iontophoresis. Due to significantly different release properties, tacrine and metoprolol were chosen for screening of their suitability for this kind of iontophoretic system, using an in-house designed in vitro cell. It was found that the rate of tacrine release from the device could be controlled by adjusting the salt concentration and the current density used but the rate of metoprolol release could not be controlled this way. A semi-quantitative and pragmatic interpretation of the results also showed that it should be possible to manufacture a transdermal iontophoretic patch to delivery tacrine. It was also determined in vivo that clinically relevant plasma concentrations of tacrine could be achieved in a human volunteer using an in-house designed and manufactured iontophoretic transdermal drug delivery patch. Advisors/Committee Members: Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Chemical Technology, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry.

Subjects/Keywords: controlled release; ion-exchange; iontophoresis; ion-exchange fibers

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APA (6^th Edition):

Vuorio, M. (2004). The Use of Ion-Exchange Fibers in Controlled Transdermal Iontophoretic Drug Delivery. (Thesis). Helsinki University of Technology. Retrieved from http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2004/isbn9512272628/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Vuorio, Marja. “The Use of Ion-Exchange Fibers in Controlled Transdermal Iontophoretic Drug Delivery.” 2004. Thesis, Helsinki University of Technology. Accessed April 25, 2018. http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2004/isbn9512272628/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Vuorio, Marja. “The Use of Ion-Exchange Fibers in Controlled Transdermal Iontophoretic Drug Delivery.” 2004. Web. 25 Apr 2018.

Vancouver:

Vuorio M. The Use of Ion-Exchange Fibers in Controlled Transdermal Iontophoretic Drug Delivery. [Internet] [Thesis]. Helsinki University of Technology; 2004. [cited 2018 Apr 25]. Available from: http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2004/isbn9512272628/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Vuorio M. The Use of Ion-Exchange Fibers in Controlled Transdermal Iontophoretic Drug Delivery. [Thesis]. Helsinki University of Technology; 2004. Available from: http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2004/isbn9512272628/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Cape Peninsula University of Technology

24. Wells, Ricardo Angelo. Comparison of distribution coefficients of 14 elements on three cation exchangers .

Degree: 2017, Cape Peninsula University of Technology

URL: http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/2641

► Certain resins used in ion-exchange separation techniques have become very expensive. Although ion-exchange is an economical method to soften water it is important to keep… (more)

▼ Certain resins used in ion-exchange separation techniques have become very expensive. Although ion-exchange is an economical method to soften water it is important to keep the cost low during the process. Any exorbitant costs will make a process unattractive and eventually obsolete. Bio-Rad AG MP-50 macroporous resin (supplied by Bio-Rad Laboratories, Ltd.) at present costs approximately R20000 (twenty thousand rand) for 500 g compared to Amberlyst 15 R840.00 for 500 mL and Dowex Marathon MSC R312.34 macroporous resin for 500 mL (both supplied by Dow, Rohm and Haas Co). This motivated the research to determine by a comparative study if there is any difference in the efficiency and effectiveness in the quantitative analysis of trace elements when these resins are used. The following elements will be used to determine distribution coefficients for the elements on these resins: Mn, Fe(III), Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Ag, Cd, In, Ga, Tl, Pb and Bi in 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 M nitric acid solutions. Another question is whether there is a difference or a preference when selecting either a microporous or a macroporous resin for the ion-exchange separation. Determination of distribution coefficients for 46 elements had been done by Strelow (Strelow F. W., 1984) in nitric acid on Bio-Rad AG 50W-X8. The results obtained in this study will be compared with the distribution coefficients obtained by Strelow. The Bio-Rad, Amberlyst and Dowex resins were stirred for approximately 30 minutes in deionised water and then packed in a column. Impurities in the resin column were eluted with 5 M HCl and the resin was then rinsed with deionised water to remove the acid. Thereafter the resins was rinsed out of the column with deionised water, filtered off and then dried under vacuum in an oven at 60 0C for approximately 24 hours. Stock solutions of the elements were prepared as 0.1 M solutions and then diluted with deionised water to obtain solutions having the respective concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 M. Quadruplicate reference standards of each element were prepared. Distribution coefficients of the elements on each resin were determined as described by Strelow (Strelow F. W., Distribution coefficients and ion exchange behaviour of some chloride complex forming elements with Bio Rad AG50W - X8 cation exchange resin in mixed Nitric-Hydrochloric acid solutions, 1989). From the distribution coefficients, obtained from the ICP-OES data, a selectivity series for the 14 elements, mentioned above, was arranged in the decreasing order for each resin’s affinity for the elements. The distribution coefficients also give an indication whether the elements can be quantitatively separated by the cation exchangers in nitric acid media. Elution curves for some elements were done to establish the experimental conditions for quantitative separations of the elements by column cation exchange chromatography. Advisors/Committee Members: van der Walt, TN (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Gums and resins; Water – Purification – Ion exchange process; Ion exchange

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wells, R. A. (2017). Comparison of distribution coefficients of 14 elements on three cation exchangers . (Thesis). Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Retrieved from http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/2641

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wells, Ricardo Angelo. “Comparison of distribution coefficients of 14 elements on three cation exchangers .” 2017. Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Accessed April 25, 2018. http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/2641.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wells, Ricardo Angelo. “Comparison of distribution coefficients of 14 elements on three cation exchangers .” 2017. Web. 25 Apr 2018.

Vancouver:

Wells RA. Comparison of distribution coefficients of 14 elements on three cation exchangers . [Internet] [Thesis]. Cape Peninsula University of Technology; 2017. [cited 2018 Apr 25]. Available from: http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/2641.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wells RA. Comparison of distribution coefficients of 14 elements on three cation exchangers . [Thesis]. Cape Peninsula University of Technology; 2017. Available from: http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/2641

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Delft University of Technology

25. Kaeocha, A. Ion exchange for NOM removal in drinking water treatment:.

Degree: 2008, Delft University of Technology

URL: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:323bd068-4a9a-41dd-b220-371c3d44ad31

► Ion exchange resins have found an increasing application in the drinking water treatment sector over the last few decades. The ion exchange resins have a… (more)

▼ Ion exchange resins have found an increasing application in the drinking water treatment sector over the last few decades. The ion exchange resins have a positive ability to remove the charged natural organic matter (NOM). To apply this process in full-scale treatment, the most suitable resin has to be selected and the hydraulic behaviour of the treatment process must be known. This study has the purpose to study the NOM fractions removal with different resins and select the most suitable resin for NOM removal of the Weesperkarspel water. Another purpose is to study the hydraulic behaviours of fluidized ion exchange and testing of the fluidization models of Ergun and Richardson-Zaki. The thesis study is characterizing NOM into the specific fraction and later observing the removal of each fraction with the different ion exchange resins. The kinetic and the equilibrium of NOM removal of each resin are also studied. Four ion exchange resins are tested (Lewatit VP OC 1071, Purolite Macronet 200, Duolite A7 and MIEX DOC). The ultraviolet absorbance method (UV), dissolved organic carbon detection method (DOC), specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA), fluorescence excitation emission matrix (fluorescence EEM) and liquid chromatography-organic carbon detector method (LC-OCD) were applied. Weesperkarspel water contains a high degree of aromatic NOM fractions, mostly in the form of humic substances. The Lewatit VP OC 1071 is the most suitable resin for removal of NOM in general view, especially aromatic NOM and humic substances fractions. It appears to be removed as high as 65% and 94% respectively. The MIEX DOC removed 57% aromatic NOM fraction and 70% of humic substances. The pH was found as the dominant parameter for the NOM removal by the weak base Duolite A7. In normal raw water (pH = 7.8), this resin is almost ineffective while it can remove the aromatic NOM up to 35% and humic substances fraction of 45% in raw water pH adjusted to 5. The sorbent Purolite Macronet 200 can remove only biopolymers and neutral NOM fractions. Adsorption is an important mechanism for the removal process of high molecular weight NOM fractions and the neutrals fractions. By using the linear driving force model (LDF) to describe the ion exchange rate of the resin, it was found that MIEX DOC resin can remove NOM faster than other resins. The LDF- k constant of MIEX DOC is also higher than other resins. MIEX DOC has the smallest resin bead size. This can be the reason for the fast removal of NOM. The resin exchange capacity is related with the Freundlich constant K and n . Increase of K and n values lead to increase of exchange capacity. The Lewatit VP OC 1071 has the highest K and n values and thus the highest exchange capacity. The exchange rate and exchange capacity is a specific property of each resin. With help from the LDF model and Freundlich isotherm the breakthrough curve can be determined. The Lewatit VP OC 1071 has longest running time compared with the MIEX DOC and Duolite A7 due to the highest exchange capacity. The hydraulics… Advisors/Committee Members: Van Dijk, J.C., Rietveld, L.C., Grefte, A., Van de Giesen, N.C., Amy, G.L..

Subjects/Keywords: NOM characterization; ion exchange resins; ion exchange rate; linear driving force model; Freundlich isotherm; fluidized ion exchange; fluidization model

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kaeocha, A. (2008). Ion exchange for NOM removal in drinking water treatment:. (Masters Thesis). Delft University of Technology. Retrieved from http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:323bd068-4a9a-41dd-b220-371c3d44ad31

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kaeocha, A. “Ion exchange for NOM removal in drinking water treatment:.” 2008. Masters Thesis, Delft University of Technology. Accessed April 25, 2018. http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:323bd068-4a9a-41dd-b220-371c3d44ad31.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kaeocha, A. “Ion exchange for NOM removal in drinking water treatment:.” 2008. Web. 25 Apr 2018.

Vancouver:

Kaeocha A. Ion exchange for NOM removal in drinking water treatment:. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2008. [cited 2018 Apr 25]. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:323bd068-4a9a-41dd-b220-371c3d44ad31.

Council of Science Editors:

Kaeocha A. Ion exchange for NOM removal in drinking water treatment:. [Masters Thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2008. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:323bd068-4a9a-41dd-b220-371c3d44ad31

University of Arizona

26. Jones, William Jacob, 1941-. Ion exchange properties of chromatographic papers .

Degree: 1966, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/318489

Subjects/Keywords: Ion exchange chromatography.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jones, William Jacob, 1. (1966). Ion exchange properties of chromatographic papers . (Masters Thesis). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/318489

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jones, William Jacob, 1941-. “Ion exchange properties of chromatographic papers .” 1966. Masters Thesis, University of Arizona. Accessed April 25, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/318489.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jones, William Jacob, 1941-. “Ion exchange properties of chromatographic papers .” 1966. Web. 25 Apr 2018.

Vancouver:

Jones, William Jacob 1. Ion exchange properties of chromatographic papers . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Arizona; 1966. [cited 2018 Apr 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/318489.

Council of Science Editors:

Jones, William Jacob 1. Ion exchange properties of chromatographic papers . [Masters Thesis]. University of Arizona; 1966. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/318489

University of Arizona

27. Van Prooyen, Jan Adams, 1944-. An apparatus for measuring parameters in a cation exchange column .

Degree: 1971, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/347769

Subjects/Keywords: Cations.; Ion exchange.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Van Prooyen, Jan Adams, 1. (1971). An apparatus for measuring parameters in a cation exchange column . (Masters Thesis). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/347769

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Van Prooyen, Jan Adams, 1944-. “An apparatus for measuring parameters in a cation exchange column .” 1971. Masters Thesis, University of Arizona. Accessed April 25, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/347769.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Van Prooyen, Jan Adams, 1944-. “An apparatus for measuring parameters in a cation exchange column .” 1971. Web. 25 Apr 2018.

Vancouver:

Van Prooyen, Jan Adams 1. An apparatus for measuring parameters in a cation exchange column . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Arizona; 1971. [cited 2018 Apr 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/347769.

Council of Science Editors:

Van Prooyen, Jan Adams 1. An apparatus for measuring parameters in a cation exchange column . [Masters Thesis]. University of Arizona; 1971. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/347769

Montana State University

28. Jenke, Dennis Roger. Observations on and modeling of analyte elution in ion chromatography.

Degree: 1983, Montana State University

URL: http://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/3915

Subjects/Keywords: Ion exchange chromatography.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jenke, D. R. (1983). Observations on and modeling of analyte elution in ion chromatography. (Thesis). Montana State University. Retrieved from http://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/3915

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jenke, Dennis Roger. “Observations on and modeling of analyte elution in ion chromatography.” 1983. Thesis, Montana State University. Accessed April 25, 2018. http://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/3915.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jenke, Dennis Roger. “Observations on and modeling of analyte elution in ion chromatography.” 1983. Web. 25 Apr 2018.

Vancouver:

Jenke DR. Observations on and modeling of analyte elution in ion chromatography. [Internet] [Thesis]. Montana State University; 1983. [cited 2018 Apr 25]. Available from: http://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/3915.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Jenke DR. Observations on and modeling of analyte elution in ion chromatography. [Thesis]. Montana State University; 1983. Available from: http://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/3915

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Florida

29. Indarawis, Katrina Anne. Investigation of Combined Ion Exchange to Decrease Membrane Fouling Potential during Water Treatment.

Degree: Environmental Engineering Sciences, 2013, University of Florida

URL: http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0045939

► The goal of this research was to determine if combined cation and anion exchange would reduce fouling of reverse osmosis membranes. This research is divided… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: combined – exchange – ion – pretreatment; Environmental Engineering Sciences

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APA (6^th Edition):

Indarawis, K. A. (2013). Investigation of Combined Ion Exchange to Decrease Membrane Fouling Potential during Water Treatment. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Florida. Retrieved from http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0045939

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Indarawis, Katrina Anne. “Investigation of Combined Ion Exchange to Decrease Membrane Fouling Potential during Water Treatment.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Florida. Accessed April 25, 2018. http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0045939.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Indarawis, Katrina Anne. “Investigation of Combined Ion Exchange to Decrease Membrane Fouling Potential during Water Treatment.” 2013. Web. 25 Apr 2018.

Vancouver:

Indarawis KA. Investigation of Combined Ion Exchange to Decrease Membrane Fouling Potential during Water Treatment. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Florida; 2013. [cited 2018 Apr 25]. Available from: http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0045939.

Council of Science Editors:

Indarawis KA. Investigation of Combined Ion Exchange to Decrease Membrane Fouling Potential during Water Treatment. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Florida; 2013. Available from: http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0045939

University of Johannesburg

30. Lumka, Mandisile. Chemical characterisation of atmospheric aerosols in Soweto, Bethlehem and Thohoyandou using energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and ion chromatography .

Degree: 2012, University of Johannesburg

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4491

► Aerosol samples were collected at stations using simple filter unit, loaded with a 4 7 mm diameter pore size Nuclepore membrane filter. The sampling duration… (more)

▼ Aerosol samples were collected at stations using simple filter unit, loaded with a 4 7 mm diameter pore size Nuclepore membrane filter. The sampling duration was 24 hours for each sample, with the total of 11 samples: seven for Thohoyandou and four for Bethlehem. The samples were analyzed with energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for up to 20 elements. Comparison for elemental concentrations of the data showed that the samples fall into three clusters on average (major: Ca, Cl, Si. S, Fe and AI; intermediate: K, Ti, Pb, Brand Zn; minor: Mn, Cr, As, Sr, Ni and Cu), with the samples collected from Bethlehem having high concentrations in all clusters. High concentrations in the samples collected on Bethlehem were attributed to entrainement of dust particles during the dry winter period. The results also show that the elements are associated with anthropogenic emissions. Therefore, the sampling station at Thohoyandou is considered as a background station due to the low aerosol concentration. The aerosol concentration levels at Thohoyandou can be attributed to biogenic sources because of the large presence of large forest areas in the region and in the vicinity of the sampling location. The samples collected in both regions reveal highly enriched sulphur, chlorine, zinc and lead. It is clearly proved that these elements come from local soil. Chromium and copper were both slightly enriched in Thohoyandou, but the concentration data for these two elements are not available. However it is supposed that these elements come from local soil as well. In another aerosol analysis, passive (diffusive) samplers were used to measure concentration levels for sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. The measurement campaign was carried out from Soweto in Johannesburg and Bohlokong in Bethlehem with the campaign lasting for two months during the w~nter season. A very clear result derived for sulphur dioxide was the dominating source contribution from use of coal for heating and cooking in both areas. For nitrogen dioxide, it was found that contribution from traffic in highly populated areas and from industrial activities in the neighbourhood of the two areas was the source. The role played by wood burning, is also another additional source used for domestic heating and even cooking. Advisors/Committee Members: Prof. Lawrence Muziwani Nxumalo (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Aerosols; X-ray spectroscopy; Ion exchange chromatography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lumka, M. (2012). Chemical characterisation of atmospheric aerosols in Soweto, Bethlehem and Thohoyandou using energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and ion chromatography . (Thesis). University of Johannesburg. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4491

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lumka, Mandisile. “Chemical characterisation of atmospheric aerosols in Soweto, Bethlehem and Thohoyandou using energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and ion chromatography .” 2012. Thesis, University of Johannesburg. Accessed April 25, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4491.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lumka, Mandisile. “Chemical characterisation of atmospheric aerosols in Soweto, Bethlehem and Thohoyandou using energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and ion chromatography .” 2012. Web. 25 Apr 2018.

Vancouver:

Lumka M. Chemical characterisation of atmospheric aerosols in Soweto, Bethlehem and Thohoyandou using energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and ion chromatography . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Johannesburg; 2012. [cited 2018 Apr 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4491.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Lumka M. Chemical characterisation of atmospheric aerosols in Soweto, Bethlehem and Thohoyandou using energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and ion chromatography . [Thesis]. University of Johannesburg; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4491

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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