subject:(Hydraulic Fracture Placement)

1. Ma, Xiaodan. Integrated Hydraulic Fracture Placement and Design Optimization in Unconventional Gas Reservoirs.

Degree: 2013, Texas Digital Library

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969; http://hdl.handle.net/2249.1/66806

► Unconventional reservoir such as tight and shale gas reservoirs has the potential of becoming the main source of cleaner energy in the 21th century. Production… (more)

▼ Unconventional reservoir such as tight and shale gas reservoirs has the potential of becoming the main source of cleaner energy in the 21th century. Production from these reservoirs is mainly accomplished through engineered hydraulic fracturing to generate fracture networks that provide the gas flow pathways from the rock matrix to the production wells. While hydraulic fracturing technology has progressed considerably in the last thirty years, designing the fracturing system primarily involves judgments from a team of engineers, geoscientists and geophysicists, without taking advantage of computational tools, such as numerical optimization techniques to improve short-term and long-term reservoir production. This thesis focuses on developing novel optimization algorithms that can be used to improve the design and implementation of hydraulic fracturing in a shale gas reservoir to increase production and the net present value of unconventional assets. In particular, we consider simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) and Covariance Matrix Adaptation - Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES) algorithms, which are proven very efficient in finding nearly optimal solutions. We show that with a judicious choice of control variables (continuous or discrete) we can obtain efficient algorithms for performing hydraulic fracture optimization in unconventional reservoirs. To achieve this, the hydraulic fracture production optimization problem is divided into two aspects: fracture stages placement optimization with fix stage numbers and unknown stage numbers. After check the parameters of fracture model that could be used to simulate future reservoir behavior with a higher degree of confidence, the fracture stages optimization is scheduling the fracturing sequence, and adjusting the fracture stages intensity at different locations, which is similar to well placement problem. In addition to the detailed investigation of the new optimization technique, uncertainty quantification of reservoir properties and its implications on the optimization workflow is also considered in the shale gas reservoir model. Taking into account that shale gas reservoirs are highly heterogeneous systems, stochastic optimization methods are the most suitable framework for hydraulic fracture stages placement. Advisors/Committee Members: Gildin, Eduardo (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Hydraulic Fracture Placement

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ma, X. (2013). Integrated Hydraulic Fracture Placement and Design Optimization in Unconventional Gas Reservoirs. (Thesis). Texas Digital Library. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969; http://hdl.handle.net/2249.1/66806

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ma, Xiaodan. “Integrated Hydraulic Fracture Placement and Design Optimization in Unconventional Gas Reservoirs.” 2013. Thesis, Texas Digital Library. Accessed April 19, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969; http://hdl.handle.net/2249.1/66806.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ma, Xiaodan. “Integrated Hydraulic Fracture Placement and Design Optimization in Unconventional Gas Reservoirs.” 2013. Web. 19 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Ma X. Integrated Hydraulic Fracture Placement and Design Optimization in Unconventional Gas Reservoirs. [Internet] [Thesis]. Texas Digital Library; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 19]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969; http://hdl.handle.net/2249.1/66806.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ma X. Integrated Hydraulic Fracture Placement and Design Optimization in Unconventional Gas Reservoirs. [Thesis]. Texas Digital Library; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969; http://hdl.handle.net/2249.1/66806

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Texas A&M University

2. Plaksina, Tatyana. Automated Optimization Strategies for Horizontal Wellbore and Hydraulic Fracture Stages Placement in Unconventional Gas Reseroirs.

Degree: PhD, Petroleum Engineering, 2015, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155086

► In the last decades rapid advances in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies ensure production of commercial quantities of natural gas from many unconventional reservoirs.… (more)

▼ In the last decades rapid advances in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies ensure production of commercial quantities of natural gas from many unconventional reservoirs. Reservoir management and development strategies for shale and tight gas plays have evolved from ad hoc approaches to more rigorous strategies that involve numerical optimization in presence of multiple economic and production objectives and constraints. Application of an automated integrated optimization framework for placement of horizontal wellbores and transverse hydraulic fracture stages along them has potential of increasing shale gas reserves and projects’ revenue even further. This dissertation introduces a novel integrated evolutionary-based optimization framework for placement of horizontal wellbores and hydraulic fracture stages that allows enhancing production from shale gas formations and provides a solid foundation for future field-scale application once better understanding of shale petrophysics and geomechanics is developed. The proposed optimization workflow is developed and tested in stages. First, we summarize what has been done in the subject field previously by scholars and identify what is missing. Second, we present assumptions for the shale gas simulation model that make our framework and the simulation model applicable. Third, we pre-screen several economic and petrophysical parameters in order to identify the most significant for the subsequent sensitivities analysis. Forth, we develop evolutionary-based optimization strategy for placement of hydraulic fracture stages along a single horizontal wellbore. We investigate how sensitive the optimization results to changes in the key parameters pre-selected during pre-screening. Fifth, we enhance the framework to handle multiple horizontal producers, discuss the conditions when such approach is applicable, and extensively test this integrated workflow on a suite of simulation runs. Finally, we implement and apply multi-objective optimization approach (the improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm) to the problem of optimal HF stage placement in shale gas reservoirs and analyze the efficiency of our evolutionary-based optimization scheme in presence of multiple conflicting or non-conflicting objectives. Based on our extensive testing and rigorous formulation of the optimization problem, we find that the chosen evolutionary framework is effective in calculating the optimal number of horizontal wells, the number of HF stages, their specific locations along the wells as well as their half-length. We also conclude that further computational efficiency can be achieved if minimum stage spacing and same chromosome elimination procedure are used. The multi-objective approach has been tested on conflicting and non-conflicting objectives and proved to compute the Pareto optimal front of solutions (or production scenarios) in computationally efficient manner. Advisors/Committee Members: Gildin, Eduardo (advisor), Datta-Gupta, Akhil (committee member), King, Michael (committee member), Sun, Yuefeng (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: shale gas; stochastic optimization; multi-objective optimization; hydraulic fracture placement; wellbore placement; genetic algorithm

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Plaksina, T. (2015). Automated Optimization Strategies for Horizontal Wellbore and Hydraulic Fracture Stages Placement in Unconventional Gas Reseroirs. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155086

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Plaksina, Tatyana. “Automated Optimization Strategies for Horizontal Wellbore and Hydraulic Fracture Stages Placement in Unconventional Gas Reseroirs.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed April 19, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155086.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Plaksina, Tatyana. “Automated Optimization Strategies for Horizontal Wellbore and Hydraulic Fracture Stages Placement in Unconventional Gas Reseroirs.” 2015. Web. 19 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Plaksina T. Automated Optimization Strategies for Horizontal Wellbore and Hydraulic Fracture Stages Placement in Unconventional Gas Reseroirs. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 19]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155086.

Council of Science Editors:

Plaksina T. Automated Optimization Strategies for Horizontal Wellbore and Hydraulic Fracture Stages Placement in Unconventional Gas Reseroirs. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155086

Texas A&M University

3. Ma, Xiaodan. Integrated Hydraulic Fracture Placement and Design Optimization in Unconventional Gas Reservoirs.

Degree: PhD, Petroleum Engineering, 2013, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151913

► Unconventional reservoir such as tight and shale gas reservoirs has the potential of becoming the main source of cleaner energy in the 21th century. Production… (more)

▼ Unconventional reservoir such as tight and shale gas reservoirs has the potential of becoming the main source of cleaner energy in the 21th century. Production from these reservoirs is mainly accomplished through engineered hydraulic fracturing to generate fracture networks that provide the gas flow pathways from the rock matrix to the production wells. While hydraulic fracturing technology has progressed considerably in the last thirty years, designing the fracturing system primarily involves judgments from a team of engineers, geoscientists and geophysicists, without taking advantage of computational tools, such as numerical optimization techniques to improve short-term and long-term reservoir production. This thesis focuses on developing novel optimization algorithms that can be used to improve the design and implementation of hydraulic fracturing in a shale gas reservoir to increase production and the net present value of unconventional assets. In particular, we consider simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) and Covariance Matrix Adaptation - Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES) algorithms, which are proven very efficient in finding nearly optimal solutions. We show that with a judicious choice of control variables (continuous or discrete) we can obtain efficient algorithms for performing hydraulic fracture optimization in unconventional reservoirs. To achieve this, the hydraulic fracture production optimization problem is divided into two aspects: fracture stages placement optimization with fix stage numbers and unknown stage numbers. After check the parameters of fracture model that could be used to simulate future reservoir behavior with a higher degree of confidence, the fracture stages optimization is scheduling the fracturing sequence, and adjusting the fracture stages intensity at different locations, which is similar to well placement problem. In addition to the detailed investigation of the new optimization technique, uncertainty quantification of reservoir properties and its implications on the optimization workflow is also considered in the shale gas reservoir model. Taking into account that shale gas reservoirs are highly heterogeneous systems, stochastic optimization methods are the most suitable framework for hydraulic fracture stages placement. Advisors/Committee Members: Gildin, Eduardo (advisor), Datta-Gupta, Akhil (committee member), King, Michael King (committee member), Efendiev, Yalchin (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Hydraulic Fracture Placement; Production Optimization; Shale Gas Reservoirs

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ma, X. (2013). Integrated Hydraulic Fracture Placement and Design Optimization in Unconventional Gas Reservoirs. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151913

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ma, Xiaodan. “Integrated Hydraulic Fracture Placement and Design Optimization in Unconventional Gas Reservoirs.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed April 19, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151913.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ma, Xiaodan. “Integrated Hydraulic Fracture Placement and Design Optimization in Unconventional Gas Reservoirs.” 2013. Web. 19 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Ma X. Integrated Hydraulic Fracture Placement and Design Optimization in Unconventional Gas Reservoirs. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 19]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151913.

Council of Science Editors:

Ma X. Integrated Hydraulic Fracture Placement and Design Optimization in Unconventional Gas Reservoirs. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151913

4. Holt, S. (author). Numerical Optimization of Hydraulic Fracture Stage Placement in a Gas Shale Reservoir.

Degree: 2011, Delft University of Technology

URL: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:856057f2-24d4-4078-aa58-e0941b5b21c1

►

The upstream oil and gas industry focuses increasingly on unconventional gas resources to maintain the level of its hydrocarbon reserves. To unlock the full potential… (more)

▼

The upstream oil and gas industry focuses increasingly on unconventional gas resources to maintain the level of its hydrocarbon reserves. To unlock the full potential of gas shale reservoirs, horizontal wells are drilled and active stimulation of the reservoirs, in the form of multi-stage hydraulic fracturing, is performed. This new technique has radically changed the energy future of the United States and is on the forefront of changing it in Europe as well. The hydraulic fracturing treatment is a costly, resource intensive and potentially environmentally dangerous procedure. The objective of this thesis is to create a realistic and versatile gas shale reservoir model and optimize the placement and number of hydraulic fracture stages along a horizontal well bore, thereby maximizing the production of gas while minimizing the amount of money that is spent to do so. On the basis of the computationally efficient ensemble based optimization of vertical well placement, an idea coined and investigated by Leeuwenburgh et al. (2010), it is postulated that numerical optimization can aid in finding the optimal placement of hydraulic fracture stages along a horizontal well bore in an equally computationally efficient manner. Three gradient-based optimization algorithms (Ensemble based Optimization: EnOpt (Chen, 2008), Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation: SPSA (Spall, 1998) and finite difference gradient estimation) that work with continuous variables, are used to approximate the gradient. Because hydraulic fracture stage locations in a reservoir simulator are commonly treated as discrete variables (well grid block indices), standard implementations of gradient-based optimization are not applicable for optimal hydraulic fracture stage placement. We propose three distinct variable parameterizing placement methods to overcome the inherent continuous to discrete variables conversion issues. After the theoretical arguments about the strengths and weaknesses of the proposed optimization routines, both single well and multiple well scenario experiments are performed. Good results are obtained from the various experiments which favor an optimization with the EnOpt algorithm in combination with the fracture stage interval placement method.

Petroleum Engineering

Geotechnology

Civil Engineering and Geosciences

Advisors/Committee Members: Jansen, J.D. (mentor), Leeuwenburgh, O. (mentor), Van Bergen, F. (mentor).

Subjects/Keywords: optimization; hydraulic fracturing; multi-stage; hydraulic fracture; ensemble based optimization; horizontal well; well placement; stimulation; gas shale reservoir; shale gas

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Holt, S. (. (2011). Numerical Optimization of Hydraulic Fracture Stage Placement in a Gas Shale Reservoir. (Masters Thesis). Delft University of Technology. Retrieved from http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:856057f2-24d4-4078-aa58-e0941b5b21c1

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Holt, S (author). “Numerical Optimization of Hydraulic Fracture Stage Placement in a Gas Shale Reservoir.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Delft University of Technology. Accessed April 19, 2021. http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:856057f2-24d4-4078-aa58-e0941b5b21c1.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Holt, S (author). “Numerical Optimization of Hydraulic Fracture Stage Placement in a Gas Shale Reservoir.” 2011. Web. 19 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Holt S(. Numerical Optimization of Hydraulic Fracture Stage Placement in a Gas Shale Reservoir. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 19]. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:856057f2-24d4-4078-aa58-e0941b5b21c1.

Council of Science Editors:

Holt S(. Numerical Optimization of Hydraulic Fracture Stage Placement in a Gas Shale Reservoir. [Masters Thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2011. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:856057f2-24d4-4078-aa58-e0941b5b21c1

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