subject:(HIV drugs)

University of Zambia

1. Munkombwe, Derick. Quality analysis of some first-line HIV/AIDS medicines dispensed in Lusaka District Health facilities of Zambia .

Degree: 2011, University of Zambia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/897

► In the last few years governments around the world have pledged to massively scale up the delivery of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) to achieve universal access… (more)

▼ In the last few years governments around the world have pledged to massively scale up the delivery of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) to achieve universal access for all. However, recent reports of generic medicines including ARVs containing little or no active pharmaceutical ingredients are disturbing.In Zambia anecdotal data show that there is an increase in morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV/AIDS due to ARV drug resistance, treatment failure and adverse drug reactions.For instance, a physician at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH) reported that his eight patients did not respond to any combination after developing resistance to first-line ARVs(Geloo 2005). It is a well known fact that poor drug quality can contribute to poor treatment outcomes of the patient. In Zambia there is currently insufficient publicly available data describing the ARV drug quality in terms of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), and labeling standards according to official monographs. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of some first-line HIV/AIDS medicines dispensed in health facilities and to assess the proportion of substandard ARVs in Lusaka District. A Cross Section Survey was conducted in nine health facilities of Lusaka District, using convenience sampling technique. A few ARV drug samples were selected randomly from the nine facilities. Eleven sample units were analyzed. Each sample unit was sealed in a tin of either 30 or 60 tablets. The tablets were removed from their original containers and number coded before taken for analysis after recording the names, strengths, batch numbers and expiry dates. The quality analysis of (1) Stavudine (d4T)/Lamivudine (3TC)/Nevirapine (NVP), (2) Lamivudine (3TC)/Zidovudine (AZT), (3) Nevirapine (NVP), (4) Efavirenz (EFV) and (5) Stavudine (d4T)/Lamivudine (3TC) was carried out using the protocol adapted from German Pharm Health Fund (GPHF-minilab) that employs Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) techniques at Tejay Pharmaceutical Laboratories in Lusaka, Zambia. A total of eleven drug samples were assayed and analyzed.The analytical tests that were performed included: the identification of the API, measurement of the percentage content of API in the samples and assessment of packaging material according to prescribed monographs.The findings of the study indicated that:- In all the samples assayed, API was identified as per label claim on the container.- One (3A) of the eleven samples was found to contain less than 80% API content. Sample 3A had Nevirapine percentage content less than the recommended 80-100%.- Samples 1B and 1C did not comply with the labeling requirements on the package according to the Statutory Instrument No. 47 of 1993. They did not reflect medicine category on the package. - All the eleven samples complied with labeling information on the inserts as per standard.The meaning of the results is that over 94% of the first-line HIV/AIDS medicines sampled contained the API in the right amounts as per label claim on the packages and that…

Subjects/Keywords: HIV/AIDS – Drugs; Antiretroviral Drugs

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APA (6^th Edition):

Munkombwe, D. (2011). Quality analysis of some first-line HIV/AIDS medicines dispensed in Lusaka District Health facilities of Zambia . (Thesis). University of Zambia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/897

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Munkombwe, Derick. “Quality analysis of some first-line HIV/AIDS medicines dispensed in Lusaka District Health facilities of Zambia .” 2011. Thesis, University of Zambia. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/897.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Munkombwe, Derick. “Quality analysis of some first-line HIV/AIDS medicines dispensed in Lusaka District Health facilities of Zambia .” 2011. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Munkombwe D. Quality analysis of some first-line HIV/AIDS medicines dispensed in Lusaka District Health facilities of Zambia . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Zambia; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/897.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Munkombwe D. Quality analysis of some first-line HIV/AIDS medicines dispensed in Lusaka District Health facilities of Zambia . [Thesis]. University of Zambia; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/897

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Zambia

2. Chigunta, Michelo Michael. Quality analysis of selected Pediatric HIV/AIDS/TB Medicines in Livingstone District, Zambia .

Degree: 2014, University of Zambia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/3188

► Introduction :Counterfeiting affects all medical products, from medicines and pharmaceutical ingredients to medical devices and diagnostics. Counterfeit drugs including overt forgeries, pharmaceutically-sound close imitations, substandard… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: /AIDS-Drugs; HIV/AIDS-Treatment

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chigunta, M. M. (2014). Quality analysis of selected Pediatric HIV/AIDS/TB Medicines in Livingstone District, Zambia . (Thesis). University of Zambia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/3188

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chigunta, Michelo Michael. “Quality analysis of selected Pediatric HIV/AIDS/TB Medicines in Livingstone District, Zambia .” 2014. Thesis, University of Zambia. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/3188.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chigunta, Michelo Michael. “Quality analysis of selected Pediatric HIV/AIDS/TB Medicines in Livingstone District, Zambia .” 2014. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Chigunta MM. Quality analysis of selected Pediatric HIV/AIDS/TB Medicines in Livingstone District, Zambia . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Zambia; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/3188.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Chigunta MM. Quality analysis of selected Pediatric HIV/AIDS/TB Medicines in Livingstone District, Zambia . [Thesis]. University of Zambia; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/3188

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

3. Hosseini, Ashraf. Study on Shigella virulence genes and development of molecular diagnostic tools.

Degree: 2008, University of Pune

URL: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/2687

►

Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are a class of DNA sequences consisting of simple motif that are tandemly repeated at a locus. They are omnipresent in… (more)

▼

Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are a class of DNA sequences consisting of simple motif that are tandemly repeated at a locus. They are omnipresent in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, even in the smallest bacterial genomes, and are found anywhere in the genome in both protein-encoding and noncoding regions. In present study the whole genome sequences of 10 chromosomes and 7 plasmids, Genes Distributed by COGs, Pathogenicity islands, Pseudogenes, Plasmid virulence genes and chromosome virulence genes were downloaded in FASTA format from ftp://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/genomes/ and SHIBASE for identifying abundance, distribution, composition of SSRs and determine difference between the observed and the expected tandem repeats in genome of the organisms. in this study. VNTR Loci and 1 MLVA locus have been selected for Molecular typing of Shigella flexneri 2a. The result obtained in the present study show that: (i) tandem repeats are widely distributed throughout the genomes (ii) SSRs are differentially distributed among coding and noncoding regions in investigated genomes. (iii) total frequency of SSRs innoncoding regions are higher than coding regions. (iv) in all investigated chromosomes ratio of Trinucleotide SSRs are much higher than randomized genome and Di nucleotide SSRs are lower.(v) Ratio of mononucleotide SSRs in real genome is higher than randomized genome in E.coli K12 , Sh.f 301 , S.saprophyticus , while it is lower in Sh.f 2457T, Sh.sonnei and M.tuberculosis and it is approximately same in M.leprae. (vi) Frequency of codon repetitions vary considerably depending on the type of encoded amino acid. (vii) SSR in Shigella pathogenesity islands are overrepresented rather than other gene clusters of Shigella. (viii) Amino acid repeats pattern and codon repeats frequency in Shigella islands is different with other gene clusters (ix) SSR is overrepresented in ipaH genes, mxi, spa, osp genes particularly plasmid ipaH genes.

Abstract includes, References p.175-203

Advisors/Committee Members: Khandekar, P S, Chopade, B A.

Subjects/Keywords: Shigellosis; HIV infection; Drugs; GenBank

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Hosseini, A. (2008). Study on Shigella virulence genes and development of molecular diagnostic tools. (Thesis). University of Pune. Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/2687

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hosseini, Ashraf. “Study on Shigella virulence genes and development of molecular diagnostic tools.” 2008. Thesis, University of Pune. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/2687.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hosseini, Ashraf. “Study on Shigella virulence genes and development of molecular diagnostic tools.” 2008. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Hosseini A. Study on Shigella virulence genes and development of molecular diagnostic tools. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Pune; 2008. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/2687.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Hosseini A. Study on Shigella virulence genes and development of molecular diagnostic tools. [Thesis]. University of Pune; 2008. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/2687

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

4. Chidumayo, Takondwa Ngulube. Pilot comparison of clinical effects and compliance with commonly prescribed antihypertensive drugs in HIV hypertensive patients at University Teaching Hospital.

Degree: 2018, University of Zimbabwe

URL: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/6329

► Pilot comparison of clinical effects and compliance with commonly prescribed antihypertensive drugs in HIV hypertensive patients at UTH. By Dr Takondwa Ngulube Chidumayo HIV infection… (more)

▼ Pilot comparison of clinical effects and compliance with commonly prescribed antihypertensive drugs in HIV hypertensive patients at UTH. By Dr Takondwa Ngulube Chidumayo HIV infection and hypertension disproportionately affect sub-Saharan Africa including Zambia. The challenges of effectively treating patients with these co-morbidities include pill burden, drug interactions that may influence the efficacy and side effect profile of antihypertensive and antiretroviral therapies. This study determined the association between clinical effects regarding blood pressure control, side effect profile and compliance with the commonly used antihypertensive drugs classes in Zambia. The study was a prospective cohort analysis of randomly selected hypertensive people living with HIV (PLWHIV) on commonly used antihypertensive drug classes. Antihypertensive drug efficacy was assessed using sitting clinic and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) for participants on antihypertensive drugs for at least six weeks. The validated anti-retroviral therapy (ART) clinic follow-up questionnaire and ‘WHO questionnaire for hypertension in a rapidly ageing population’ gathered quantitative data on management, treatment, patient knowledge and complications of HIV and hypertension during the 8 -week period at Adult Infectious Disease Centre (AIDC). To determine the most effective, safest antihypertensive therapies acceptable to this population. Participants on CCB (140.4/98.8 mmHg) and CCB with Enalapril (147.9/92.7 mmHg) had higher median daytime blood pressure than Moduretic (136.8/84.2 mmHg, p=0.186 and 0.168 respectively) and Moduretic with Enalapril (140.5/84 mmHg, p= 0.003). The attributable risk for good daytime systolic and diastolic BP control was at least 20 % and 32 % for Moduretic and Enalapril (50 % and 67 %, p=0.046 and 0.0143 respectively) and Moduretic (50 % and 62%, p=0.691 and 0.425 respectively). The circadian systolic and diastolic BP decrease was less than 10 % for Moduretic and Enalapril (8.25 % and 10.25 %, p=0.005 and 0.003, respectively). The difference in the median clinic systolic and diastolic BP (170/106 mmHg) was greater than 22.62 mmHg and 11.20 mm Hg than daytime ABPM (142/95.5 mmHg, p = 0.0001 and 0.001 respectively). Moduretic had the highest side effect proportion (62.5 %), mainly related to hypokalemia in patients on Tenofovir (p=0.25). The highest occurrence of non-compliance was in CCBs with Enalapril (50 %) and CCBs (40 %) with p= 0.048. CCBs with Enalapril (100 %) and Moduretic with Enalapril (100 %) had the highest proportion of awareness of the importance of compliance and BP control (p=0.02). This finding mitigated the effects of increased antihypertensive pill burden which did not affect compliance, especially in the latter group. The study supported the alternative hypothesis. Moduretic with Enalapril had the highest ration of BP, with fewer side effects and better compliance. The use of Nifedipine ® in PLWHIV on NNRTIs should be carefully monitored as combinations with and…

Subjects/Keywords: Anti hypertensive drugs – - HIV

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Chidumayo, T. N. (2018). Pilot comparison of clinical effects and compliance with commonly prescribed antihypertensive drugs in HIV hypertensive patients at University Teaching Hospital. (Thesis). University of Zimbabwe. Retrieved from http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/6329

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chidumayo, Takondwa Ngulube. “Pilot comparison of clinical effects and compliance with commonly prescribed antihypertensive drugs in HIV hypertensive patients at University Teaching Hospital.” 2018. Thesis, University of Zimbabwe. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/6329.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chidumayo, Takondwa Ngulube. “Pilot comparison of clinical effects and compliance with commonly prescribed antihypertensive drugs in HIV hypertensive patients at University Teaching Hospital.” 2018. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Chidumayo TN. Pilot comparison of clinical effects and compliance with commonly prescribed antihypertensive drugs in HIV hypertensive patients at University Teaching Hospital. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Zimbabwe; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/6329.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Chidumayo TN. Pilot comparison of clinical effects and compliance with commonly prescribed antihypertensive drugs in HIV hypertensive patients at University Teaching Hospital. [Thesis]. University of Zimbabwe; 2018. Available from: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/6329

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of the Western Cape

5. Folefoc, Asongna Theresia. Treatment outcome of HIV-1 infected children on antiretroviral therapy in the Limpopo Province of South Africa .

Degree: 2012, University of the Western Cape

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4006

► Background:HIV is a worldwide pandemic with an estimated 2.5 million children under the age of 15 living with HIV in the world in 2009. Children… (more)

▼ Background:HIV is a worldwide pandemic with an estimated 2.5 million children under the age of 15 living with HIV in the world in 2009. Children account for approximately 14% of all HIV-related deaths around the world. Several studies have shown that the use of antiretroviral drugs greatly improve the lives of HIV-1 infected individuals, however, most of these studies report on outcomes of ART programmes in developed world and for adult patients. Very few settings have published outcomes of paediatric ART programmes.Objectives This research was aimed at describing the long term (at least one year) treatment outcome of HIV-1 infected children in the HIV/AIDS Prevention Group (HAPG) program in Bela-Bela in the Limpopo province of South Africa.Study design and methods: A quantitative approach involving a retrospective cohort design was used for the study. The study included all children under the age of 15 that were enrolled in the HATG treatment programme in Bela-Bela between February 2004 and December2009.Immunological, virological, clinical outcomes and loss to follow-up were determined for this cohort. Mortality and survival was also determined. Results: The median age of children in this study was 5 years (IQR: 2-7) with 14% (10/71) of them being less than 18 months. Median CD4 count at commencement of ART, viral load and weight were 358 cells/mm3 (IQR 203.5-, 125673 RNA copies/μL (IQR 58094-328424.5) and 14.5Kg (IQR: 11.0-18.35) respectively. CD4 counts and weight showed increase within the study period, and there was also a decline in viral load. Loss to follow-up was 7.04% while mortality was 19% with 21.43% of mortality cases being children who were ≤18months. Mortality occurred within the first year of ART initiation and occurred in cases that had advanced disease.Conclusion: This study shows that the ART program in Bela-Bela has a positive outcome on HIV positive children.The high mortality rate was due to children starting ART at an advanced disease stage. Despite the good outcome, it is recommended that a system be put into place that will aid in identifying children at an early stage of the disease and treatment initiated promptly. Advisors/Committee Members: Jackson, Debra (advisor), Bessong, Pascal O (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: HIV; Antiretroviral drugs; ART programmes

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Folefoc, A. T. (2012). Treatment outcome of HIV-1 infected children on antiretroviral therapy in the Limpopo Province of South Africa . (Thesis). University of the Western Cape. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4006

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Folefoc, Asongna Theresia. “Treatment outcome of HIV-1 infected children on antiretroviral therapy in the Limpopo Province of South Africa .” 2012. Thesis, University of the Western Cape. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4006.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Folefoc, Asongna Theresia. “Treatment outcome of HIV-1 infected children on antiretroviral therapy in the Limpopo Province of South Africa .” 2012. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Folefoc AT. Treatment outcome of HIV-1 infected children on antiretroviral therapy in the Limpopo Province of South Africa . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of the Western Cape; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4006.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Folefoc AT. Treatment outcome of HIV-1 infected children on antiretroviral therapy in the Limpopo Province of South Africa . [Thesis]. University of the Western Cape; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4006

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of KwaZulu-Natal

6. Jackson, Laurelle. Increase in live infected cell number with drug and generation of a quasispecies are consequences of multiply HIV infected cells.

Degree: 2018, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18360

► HIV may form reservoirs in anatomical compartments and evolve a quasispecies in order to survive under selective pressures such as antiretroviral drugs. Lymph nodes and… (more)

▼ HIV may form reservoirs in anatomical compartments and evolve a quasispecies in order to survive under selective pressures such as antiretroviral drugs. Lymph nodes and lymphoid tissue - critical sites for reservoir formation - are environments conducive to cell-to-cell spread, an efficient mode of HIV transmission. Cell-to-cell spread can lead to multiple infections per cell which in turn profoundly changes how the virus responds to selective pressure. In this thesis, my goal was to understand the consequences of multiple infections per cell on how the infection responds to and evolves in the face of inhibitors. The specific aims were to: (1) model and experimentally examine the effect of attenuating cell-to-cell spread by using antiretrovirals (ARVs) on infected cell viability; (2) test whether a stable quasispecies can be formed and maintained by complementation– a process where virions derived from different HIV genotypes infecting the same cell share components; (3) test the feasibility of new single-cell RNA-Seq methodology that can be applied to quantify the frequency of multiply infected cells in vivo. These studies showed that: (1) partially attenuating infection involving multiple virions per cell with drug resulted in an increase in the number of live infected cells in both cell line and lymph nodes at suboptimal drug strengths. The increase in live infected cells was a result of fewer HIV DNA copies per cell, relative to no drug; (2) under the selective pressure of efavirenz (EFV), when drug-resistant and drug sensitive HIV co-infect the same cell during drug resistant evolution, complementation takes place, driving the formation and maintenance of a quasispecies; (3) Novel single-cell RNA-Seq approaches are feasible to quantify the number of cells that are multiply infected in vivo. Inhibiting mechanisms such as cell-to-cell spread may therefore reduce infection in the face of ARVs and limit viral diversity and hence the ability of HIV to evolve resistance. Advisors/Committee Members: Sigal, Alexander. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Cell infections.; Drug resistance.; HIV.; HIV - Drug resistance.; HIV genome - Replication.; Antiretroviral drugs.; HIV infections.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Jackson, L. (2018). Increase in live infected cell number with drug and generation of a quasispecies are consequences of multiply HIV infected cells. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18360

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jackson, Laurelle. “Increase in live infected cell number with drug and generation of a quasispecies are consequences of multiply HIV infected cells.” 2018. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed January 26, 2021. https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18360.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jackson, Laurelle. “Increase in live infected cell number with drug and generation of a quasispecies are consequences of multiply HIV infected cells.” 2018. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Jackson L. Increase in live infected cell number with drug and generation of a quasispecies are consequences of multiply HIV infected cells. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18360.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Jackson L. Increase in live infected cell number with drug and generation of a quasispecies are consequences of multiply HIV infected cells. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2018. Available from: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18360

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Ghana

7. Asampong, E. _Psychosocial Problems in Persons Infected and Affected by Hiv and Aids_2014 .

Degree: 2014, University of Ghana

URL: http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/7366

► This study sought to investigate psychosocial problems experienced by HIV-infected persons attending to the Fever’s unit of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital and their corresponding affected… (more)

▼ This study sought to investigate psychosocial problems experienced by HIV-infected persons attending to the Fever’s unit of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital and their corresponding affected persons. HIV-infection is associated with experiences of a range of psychosocial problems which are often experienced as well by significant others. Even though the introduction of antiretroviral drugs has prolonged the lives of infected persons, psychosocial problems continue to prevail. The study was cross sectional employing both quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative data was obtained through questionnaire administered to a convenient sample of 192 HIV-infected persons and 127 HIV- affected persons. The qualitative data was obtained through six (6) Focus Group Discussions and six (6) In-depth interviews to explore meanings associated with living with HIV and the role psychologists can play in the care and treatment of HIV and AIDS in Ghana. Findings indicated that HIV-infected persons experience elevated levels of a range of psychosocial problems. Experiences of these problems were found to be predicted by individual’s personal characteristics and circumstances. Similarly, HIV-affected persons also experienced elevated levels of a range of psychosocial problems. Their personal characteristics and circumstances were equally found to affect these experiences. Qualitative results indicated that living with HIV is associated with emotional challenges but the availability of social support helps to buffer these challenges. The suggestion was that psychologists could play a complementary role in the provision of care to persons infected and affected by HIV and AIDS hence the need for them to be included in the health care delivery system. The implication is that in delivering health care services, the inclusion of mental health services as an integral part will help to ensure that total health is delivered to clients who seek health care services from the hospitals. Advisors/Committee Members: Akotia, C.S (advisor), Anum, A (advisor), Pappoe, M (advisor), Amponsah, B (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: HIV Infection; Antiretrovial Drugs; Psychosocial Problems; Psychologist

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Asampong, E. (2014). _Psychosocial Problems in Persons Infected and Affected by Hiv and Aids_2014 . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Ghana. Retrieved from http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/7366

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Asampong, E. “_Psychosocial Problems in Persons Infected and Affected by Hiv and Aids_2014 .” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Ghana. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/7366.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Asampong, E. “_Psychosocial Problems in Persons Infected and Affected by Hiv and Aids_2014 .” 2014. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Asampong E. _Psychosocial Problems in Persons Infected and Affected by Hiv and Aids_2014 . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Ghana; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/7366.

Council of Science Editors:

Asampong E. _Psychosocial Problems in Persons Infected and Affected by Hiv and Aids_2014 . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Ghana; 2014. Available from: http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/7366

University of Pretoria

8. Kapewangolo, Taatsu Petrina. Lamiaceae plant extracts and isolated compounds demonstrate activity against HIV/AIDS.

Degree: Biochemistry, 2013, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40262

► Background: HIV/AIDS remains a major health concern worldwide and the number of people infected in Sub-Saharan Africa continues to increase. This despite increased awareness and… (more)

▼ Background: HIV/AIDS remains a major health concern worldwide and the number of people infected in Sub-Saharan Africa continues to increase. This despite increased awareness and availability of HIV drugs in most countries. The success of current HIV-1 drugs is overshadowed by the emergence of drug resistant viral strains and the adverse side-effects they may cause. It is these limitations and many more that drives the continuous search for better HIV treatments. Research into drug discovery and development using natural products is becoming better established. With natural products, there are endless opportunities for discovering novel compounds which either ends up as final drugs or as backbones of drug leads. Methods: In this thesis, sixteen Lamiaceae (mint) plants were investigated for inhibitory properties against HIV-1 as well as for beneficial immune enhancing effects. This family of plants is commonly used in traditional medicine preparations for the treatment of various ailments including those that are virus induced. Cytotoxicity of the plant material was determined using tetrazolium dyes and the results subsequently confirmed with flow cytometry and real-time cell analysis. Direct enzyme assays were used to determine the inhibitory properties of the extracts and isolated compounds against HIV-1 protease (PR), reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase (IN). The effect of the plant materials was also evaluated in an in vitro model of chronic and latent infection by measuring HIV-1 p24 protein secretion of an infected cell line (U1) following treatment. Most HIV-infected individuals only seek treatment during the chronic stages of disease and latent reservoirs of the virus perpetuate treatment. The immune modulating properties were determined by quantitating the effects of plant extracts/compounds on Th1/2/17 cytokine production in human mononuclear cells using the cytometric bead array technology. Finally, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties were also assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide colorimetric assays respectively. Results and discussion: The 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of the extracts was between 4.2 and 100 μg/ml. Of the sixteen, extracts from six plants (Ocimum labiatum, Ocimum serratum, Plectranthus barbatus, Plectranthus neochilus, Salvia apiana and Stachys byzantina) were active against HIV-1. Four plants (P. neochilus, O. serratum, S. apiana and S. byzantina) demonstrated moderate inhibitory properties against HIV-1 PR, RT and IN (40-49%) and three of these plants (O. serratum, S. apiana and S. byzantina) significantly (p<0.05) suppressed HIV-1 replication in U1 cells. The most exciting data was obtained from extracts of P. barbatus and O. labiatum which demonstrated inhibition classified as good (>50%) against HIV-1 PR (IC50s 62 ±0.2 and 49.8 ±0.4 μg/ml), reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines at non-cytotoxic concentrations and demonstrated strong antioxidant properties (IC50 values 13 ±0.8 and 15.8… Advisors/Committee Members: Meyer, Debra (advisor), Kandawa-Schulz, Martha (coadvisor).

Subjects/Keywords: HIV/AIDS; HIV drugs; Lamiaceae (mint) plants; UCTD

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kapewangolo, T. P. (2013). Lamiaceae plant extracts and isolated compounds demonstrate activity against HIV/AIDS. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40262

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kapewangolo, Taatsu Petrina. “Lamiaceae plant extracts and isolated compounds demonstrate activity against HIV/AIDS.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pretoria. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40262.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kapewangolo, Taatsu Petrina. “Lamiaceae plant extracts and isolated compounds demonstrate activity against HIV/AIDS.” 2013. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kapewangolo TP. Lamiaceae plant extracts and isolated compounds demonstrate activity against HIV/AIDS. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Pretoria; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40262.

Council of Science Editors:

Kapewangolo TP. Lamiaceae plant extracts and isolated compounds demonstrate activity against HIV/AIDS. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Pretoria; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40262

University of KwaZulu-Natal

9. Singh, Saiyuri. Identifying novel transcriptional regulatory elements of HLA-A alleles through the evaluation of the 5’ un-translated region sequences.

Degree: 2020, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18686

► Sub-Saharan Africa holds approximately half the population living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the world (~19.6 million), of which around 7.2 million cases are… (more)

▼ Sub-Saharan Africa holds approximately half the population living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the world (~19.6 million), of which around 7.2 million cases are found in South Africa. Although antiretroviral therapy can suppress viral loads to below detectable levels in most cases, drug resistance is a growing problem. Therefore, identifying novel treatment strategies are warranted against HIV. The strongest human genetic associations with HIV disease have been found within the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region. The expression levels of various HLA genes have been associated with HIV disease outcomes. Increased HLA-A mRNA expression results in poor HIV outcomes due to the inhibition of natural killer (NK) cells since high mRNA expression of HLA-A results in high protein expression of HLA-E which serves as an inhibitory receptor for NK cells. Identifying factors that regulate the expression of HLA-A has the potential to serve as an avenue for HIV drug target sites. DNA methylation has previously been identified as one of the factors responsible for HLA-A expression regulation. In this study, we aimed to identify additional regulatory mechanisms for the HLA-A gene. The identification of a putative CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) binding site upstream of HLA-A suggested that CTCF may play a role in regulation of HLA-A. Sequence alignments about 2 kilobases (2KB) upstream of the transcriptional start site (TSS) were analysed for polymorphisms that associate with HLA-A expression. Six HLA-A promoter variants (rs9260084, rs9260086, rs9260092, rs9260101, rs9260116 and rs41560714) were observed to significantly associate with HLA-A mRNA expression. However, only one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs9260084 (-993G>A), was predicted to disrupt a CTCF binding site. Despite the predicted disrupted binding site, using a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, we did not detect any difference in CTCF binding across the -993 G>A variants. Additional transcriptional regulators, Nuclear Factor 1 (NF1), Ras related protein (RAP1) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR), were predicted to have differential binding to -993G>A, -226G>A and -885C>G, respectively. The results provided here serve as a basis for further studies exploring the role HLA-A promoter variants have in regulating HLA-A expression. These variants may serve as potential target sites for future therapeutic intervention against HIV. Advisors/Committee Members: Ramsuran, Veron. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Antiretroviral therapy.; HIV.; Drug resistance.; HIV drugs.; Leukocytes.; Allele.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Singh, S. (2020). Identifying novel transcriptional regulatory elements of HLA-A alleles through the evaluation of the 5’ un-translated region sequences. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18686

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Singh, Saiyuri. “Identifying novel transcriptional regulatory elements of HLA-A alleles through the evaluation of the 5’ un-translated region sequences.” 2020. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed January 26, 2021. https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18686.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Singh, Saiyuri. “Identifying novel transcriptional regulatory elements of HLA-A alleles through the evaluation of the 5’ un-translated region sequences.” 2020. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Singh S. Identifying novel transcriptional regulatory elements of HLA-A alleles through the evaluation of the 5’ un-translated region sequences. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18686.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Singh S. Identifying novel transcriptional regulatory elements of HLA-A alleles through the evaluation of the 5’ un-translated region sequences. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2020. Available from: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18686

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

10. Silva Junior, Newton Guerreiro da. Prevalência de imagem suspeita de ateroma de carótida em radiografias panorâmicas de pacientes portadores do HIV em tratamento com antirretrovirais.

Degree: PhD, Patologia Bucal, 2013, University of São Paulo

URL: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23141/tde-10092013-201216/ ;

►

A identificação de ateroma de carótida em radiografia panorâmica de pacientes com alterações sistêmicas que predispõem a aterosclerose é mais frequente do que em amostras… (more)

▼

A identificação de ateroma de carótida em radiografia panorâmica de pacientes com alterações sistêmicas que predispõem a aterosclerose é mais frequente do que em amostras da população em geral. O uso da terapia antirretroviral combinada (TARVc), que prolongou a sobrevida dos pacientes portadores do HIV (HIV+), também contribuiu para o aumento da incidência de alterações metabólicas e provavelmente de complicações cardiovasculares. Este estudo teve o objetivo de investigar a prevalência de imagens suspeitas de ateromas de carótida (ISAC) em radiografias panorâmicas de pacientes HIV+ em tratamento no Centro de Atendimento de Pacientes Especiais (CAPE) da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo, bem como tentar identificar variáveis associadas à ocorrência destas imagens. Foram avaliadas 300 radiografias de pacientes de ambos os gêneros e com média de idade de 40 anos (18-73 anos). A prevalência de radiografias com ISAC foi de 8,2% (25/300). Estes pacientes apresentaram a média de idade significativamente maior do que a dos pacientes sem ISAC (p= 0,008) e a mediana do nadir de CD4 significativamente menor (p=0,019). O uso do medicamento lopinavir/r (LPV/r) estava associado a chance 2,8 vezes maior para presença de ISAC (OD=2,79 1,12-6,95 IC=95%, p=0,045). Conclui-se que quanto maior a idade maior a probabilidade de ocorrência de ISAC e que as variáveis significativas encontradas (nadir de CD4 e LPV/r) são compatíveis com os fatores de risco cardiovascular observados em pacientes portadores do HIV, relacionados tanto à gravidade da infecção como ao uso de medicamentos.

The identification of calcified carotid artery atheroma (CCAA) in panoramic radiography of patients with systemic diseases that predispose the atherosclerosis is more frequent than in the general population samples. The use of high active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), which prolonged the life of patients with HIV (HIV+), also increase the incidence of cardiovascular complications, probably by the use of protease inhibitors (PI). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of suspected images of CCAA in panoramic radiographs of HIV+ patients in treatment in the Special Care Dentistry Center of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, as well as trying to identify variables associated with these images. Three hundred radiographs of patients of both genders, with a mean age of 40 years (18-73 years) were evaluated. The prevalence of CCAA suspected images was 8.2% (25/300). This patients showed the mean age significantly higher than that of the patients without CCAA images (p = 0.008) and the CD4 nadir median significantly lower (p = 0.019). The use of HAART with lopinavir/r (LPV/r) was associated with a greater chance for CCAA images (OD 2.79, CI 95% 1.12-6.95; p = 0.045). In conclusion, patients with higher age are more susceptible to CCAA suspected image and the significant variables found (CD4 nadir and LPV/r) are compatible with the cardiovascular risk factors in patients HIV+, related both to the severity of the infection and…

Advisors/Committee Members: Ortega, Karem Lopez.

Subjects/Keywords: Anti-retroviral drugs; Antirretrovirais; Ateroma de carótida; Carotid atheroma; HIV; HIV; Panoramic radiography; Radiografia panorâmica

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Silva Junior, N. G. d. (2013). Prevalência de imagem suspeita de ateroma de carótida em radiografias panorâmicas de pacientes portadores do HIV em tratamento com antirretrovirais. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of São Paulo. Retrieved from http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23141/tde-10092013-201216/ ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Silva Junior, Newton Guerreiro da. “Prevalência de imagem suspeita de ateroma de carótida em radiografias panorâmicas de pacientes portadores do HIV em tratamento com antirretrovirais.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of São Paulo. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23141/tde-10092013-201216/ ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Silva Junior, Newton Guerreiro da. “Prevalência de imagem suspeita de ateroma de carótida em radiografias panorâmicas de pacientes portadores do HIV em tratamento com antirretrovirais.” 2013. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Silva Junior NGd. Prevalência de imagem suspeita de ateroma de carótida em radiografias panorâmicas de pacientes portadores do HIV em tratamento com antirretrovirais. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of São Paulo; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23141/tde-10092013-201216/ ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Silva Junior NGd. Prevalência de imagem suspeita de ateroma de carótida em radiografias panorâmicas de pacientes portadores do HIV em tratamento com antirretrovirais. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of São Paulo; 2013. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23141/tde-10092013-201216/ ;

Addis Ababa University

11. Eyerusalem, Berhanemeskel. Assessment of Supply Chain Management of HIV/AIDS Related Commodities in Selected Public Hospitals and Health Centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia .

Degree: 2014, Addis Ababa University

URL: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/6099

► A wide range of medicines and other pharmaceutical products are needed for diagnosis, treatment, care, and prevention of HIV/AIDS. However, interrupted supplies and stock outs… (more)

▼ A wide range of medicines and other pharmaceutical products are needed for diagnosis, treatment, care, and prevention of HIV/AIDS. However, interrupted supplies and stock outs are the major challenges in the supply chain of ARV drugs. Therefor the aim of this study was to assess the supply chain management of HIV/AIDS related commodities at hospital and HCs level in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A descriptive cross sectional survey complemented by qualitative approach was conducted in 24 government owned health facilities (4 hospitals and 20 health centers) that provide ART, VCT and PMTCT service in Addis Ababa. The sample of health facilities were calculated by using the Logistic Indicators Assessment Tool (LIAT) for ARV drugs and Test kits developed by USAID/DELIVER. The data was collected r using semistructured questionnaires and observation check lists. The study revealed that 16(80%) of Health Center and 1(25%) of hospital pharmacies properly report and have the record of patients by regimen data. Almost all facilities had Electronic Dispensing Tool and used it for recording patient information on daily bases. Only, 14(70%) of the Health Centers used paper based ARV drugs dispensing register as a backup. Six months prior to the study, 14(70%) of Health Centers and 2(50%) of the hospitals stopped VCT service due to lack of adequate supply. The majority of the hospitals 3(75%) and 18(94.7%) of Health Centers were able to submit the requisition and report of ARV drugs to Pharmaceutical Fund and Supply Agency according to the schedule. More than three- fourth of the Health Centers had one or more emergency order of ARV drugs, while all of hospitals had emergency order more than 3 times within 6 months prior to the study. All of the hospitals and nearly half of the Health Centers had an emergency order of test kits more than 3 times in the past 6 months. The mean percentage difference between quantity ordered and received was high for 3TC300/TDF300 (69.6% in hospitals and 51.7% in HCs). Over all 14(73.7 %) of the Health Centers and 3(75%) of the hospitals faced stock out of one or more ARV drugs on the day of visit. Stock out was high for nvp200 in hospital 2(50%) and it was high for tdf300/3tc300 in HCs 7(36.8%). Regarding the stock status of test kits on the day of visit; only 7(36.8%) of the HCs were fully stocked, while the rest of them were stock out of one or more selected test kits. Whereas, all of the hospitals were stock out one or more test kits on the day of visit. Unlike ARV drugs, only 10(52.6%) of HCs and 2(50%) of hospitals had bin card for the selected test kits on the day of visit. All of the health facilities used both computerized ii and paper based LMIS; they used computerized electronic dispensing tool at dispensary and Health Commodities Management Information System in the store. The study concludes that there was not adequate data on patient by regimen and stock status of ARV drugs and Test kits. There were frequent stock outs of ARV drugs and HIV test kits, which are… Advisors/Committee Members: Teferi Gedif(Dr.) (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: HIV/AIDS; ARV drugs; HIV test kits; supply chain Management; pharmaceutical storage

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APA (6^th Edition):

Eyerusalem, B. (2014). Assessment of Supply Chain Management of HIV/AIDS Related Commodities in Selected Public Hospitals and Health Centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia . (Thesis). Addis Ababa University. Retrieved from http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/6099

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Eyerusalem, Berhanemeskel. “Assessment of Supply Chain Management of HIV/AIDS Related Commodities in Selected Public Hospitals and Health Centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia .” 2014. Thesis, Addis Ababa University. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/6099.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Eyerusalem, Berhanemeskel. “Assessment of Supply Chain Management of HIV/AIDS Related Commodities in Selected Public Hospitals and Health Centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia .” 2014. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Eyerusalem B. Assessment of Supply Chain Management of HIV/AIDS Related Commodities in Selected Public Hospitals and Health Centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia . [Internet] [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/6099.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Eyerusalem B. Assessment of Supply Chain Management of HIV/AIDS Related Commodities in Selected Public Hospitals and Health Centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia . [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2014. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/6099

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Rhodes University

12. Onywera, David Harris. Influence of non-synonymous sequence mutations on the architecture of HIV-1 clade C protease receptor site : docking and molecular dynamics studies.

Degree: MS, Faculty of Science, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2014, Rhodes University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013133

► Despite the current interventions to avert contagions and AIDS-related deaths, sub-Saharan Africa is still the region most severely affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic, where clade… (more)

▼ Despite the current interventions to avert contagions and AIDS-related deaths, sub-Saharan Africa is still the region most severely affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic, where clade C is the dominant circulating HIV-1 strain. The pol-encoded HIV-1 protease enzyme has been extensively exploited as a drug target. Protease inhibitors have been engineered within the framework of clade B, the commonest in America, Europe and Australia. Recent studies have attested the existence of sequence and catalytic disparities between clades B and C proteases that could upset drug susceptibilities. Emergence of drug-resistant associated mutations and combinatorial explosions due to recombination thwarts the attempt to stabilize the current highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) baseline. The project aimed at identifying the structural and molecular mechanisms hired by mutants to affect the efficacies of both FDA approved and Rhodes University (RU)-synthesized inhibitors, in order to define how current and or future drugs ought to be modified or synthesized with the intent of combating drug resistance. The rationale involved the generation of homology models of the HIV-1 sequences from the South African infants failing treatment with two protease inhibitors: lopinavir and ritonavir (as monitored by alterations in surrogate markers: CD4 cell count decline and viral load upsurge). Consistent with previous studies, we established nine polymorphisms: 12S, 15V, 19I, 36I, 41K, 63P, 69K, 89M, and 93L, linked to subtype C wild-type; some of which are associated with protease treatment in clade B. Even though we predicted two occurrence patterns of M46I, I54V and V82A mutations as V82A→I54V→M46I and I54V→V82A→M46V, other possibilities might exist. Mutations either caused a protracted or contracted active site cleft, which enforced differential drug responses. The in silico docking indicated susceptibility discordances between clades B and C in certain polymorphisms and non-polymorphisms. The RU-synthesized ligands displayed varied efficacies that were below those of the FDA approved protease inhibitors. The flaps underwent a wide range of structural motions to accommodate and stabilize the ligands. Computational analyses unravelled the need for these potential drugs to be restructured by (de novo) drug engineers to improve their binding fits, affinities, energies and interactions with multiple key protease residues in order to target resilient HIV-1 assemblages. Accumulating evidences on contrasting drug-choice interpretations from the Stanford HIVdb should act as an impetus for the customization of a HIVdb for the sub-Saharan subcontinent.

Subjects/Keywords: HIV (Viruses) – Research; HIV infections – Treatment – Research; HIV infections – Chemotherapy; Protease inhibitors – Research; Viruses – Effect of drugs on – Research; Antiretroviral agents

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Onywera, D. H. (2014). Influence of non-synonymous sequence mutations on the architecture of HIV-1 clade C protease receptor site : docking and molecular dynamics studies. (Masters Thesis). Rhodes University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013133

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Onywera, David Harris. “Influence of non-synonymous sequence mutations on the architecture of HIV-1 clade C protease receptor site : docking and molecular dynamics studies.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Rhodes University. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013133.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Onywera, David Harris. “Influence of non-synonymous sequence mutations on the architecture of HIV-1 clade C protease receptor site : docking and molecular dynamics studies.” 2014. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Onywera DH. Influence of non-synonymous sequence mutations on the architecture of HIV-1 clade C protease receptor site : docking and molecular dynamics studies. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Rhodes University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013133.

Council of Science Editors:

Onywera DH. Influence of non-synonymous sequence mutations on the architecture of HIV-1 clade C protease receptor site : docking and molecular dynamics studies. [Masters Thesis]. Rhodes University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013133

13. Pribut, Nicole. Design and Synthesis of potent benzimidazolone HIV Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

Degree: PhD, Chemistry and Polymer Science, 2018, Stellenbosch University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/105138

► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since the 1980’s, HIV has plagued the population on a global scale, with millions of newly infected individuals reported every year. However, with… (more)

▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since the 1980’s, HIV has plagued the population on a global scale, with millions of newly infected individuals reported every year. However, with the introduction of combination therapy, which can significantly suppress viremia to almost undetectable levels in the infected populace, the disease can be managed to a point where the infected population can live almost normal lives. Unfortunately, although able to improve quality of life and prevent the onset of AIDS, combination therapy is not curative as issues related to drug resistance and adherence can lead to the re-emergence of high viremia, AIDS and, inevitably, death. Consequently, there remains a need for the continued development of new and superior ARVs that are effective against wild-type and resistant strains of HIV and are well tolerated for chronic use. In an effort to address this need, our group has focused on the design and synthesis of new NNRTIs. In the clinic, NNRTIs are an important part of first-line regimens employed in the treatment of HIV. In particular, our group focused on the synthesis of a series of small benzimidazolone-containing NNRTIs which were initially designed to address lability issues exhibited by a series of potent indole-based NNRTIs. These first-generation benzimidazolones were readily synthesized over five steps and, following evaluation in an HIV whole cell assay, were found to be potent inhibitors of HIV RT, but were susceptible to clinically relevant resistant strains such as K103N and Y181C. As a result, we synthesized a series of second-generation benzimidazolone NNRTIs which were designed to overcome, specifically, the Y181C resistant strain. Starting from 2-amino-3-nitrophenol, the benzimidazolone precursor for these compounds was synthesized over six steps. This precursor was then coupled to various aryl or heteroaryl halides by way of an Ullmann reaction or SNAr. Of this small library, one compound in particular was found to be potent (with low nanomolar activity), not only against wildtype, but also against Y181C, Y188C and the double mutant K103N/Y181C. Furthermore, this compound, 3-chloro-5-((3-ethyl-2-oxo-1-((2-trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-4- yl)oxy)benzonitrile, exhibited only low levels of susceptibility against the most problematic K103N resistant strain. We envisaged that by introducing additional electrostatic interactions between our potent lead compound and the NNIBP we would succeed in optimizing the efficacy of our compound against wild-type and resistant strains of HIV. In order to achieve these additional interactions we adopted two different approaches. The first approach focused on targeting a lysine residue located at the top of a narrow hydrophobic chimney towards the back of the NNIBP. To this end, we installed a cyanovinyl substituent onto our lead compound which, based on docking studies, would protrude into the chimney and form a hydrogen bond with the targeted lysine. Installation of the cyanovinyl substituent… Advisors/Committee Members: Pelly, Stephen C, Van Otterlo, Willem AL, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Science. Dept. of Chemistry and Polymer Science..

Subjects/Keywords: HIV; NNRTIs; AIDS-associated retrovirus; Protease inhibitors; Antiretroviral drugs

10 more images…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Pribut, N. (2018). Design and Synthesis of potent benzimidazolone HIV Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. (Doctoral Dissertation). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/105138

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pribut, Nicole. “Design and Synthesis of potent benzimidazolone HIV Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Stellenbosch University. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/105138.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pribut, Nicole. “Design and Synthesis of potent benzimidazolone HIV Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.” 2018. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Pribut N. Design and Synthesis of potent benzimidazolone HIV Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Stellenbosch University; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/105138.

Council of Science Editors:

Pribut N. Design and Synthesis of potent benzimidazolone HIV Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Stellenbosch University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/105138

Stellenbosch University

14. Brigg, Siobhan Ernan. Lead optimisation of an indole based HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.

Degree: MSc, Chemistry and Polymer Science, 2017, Stellenbosch University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/102766

► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: HIV-1 remains the worst pandemic faced by mankind since its discovery as the causative agent of AIDS in the early 1980s. An enormous… (more)

▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: HIV-1 remains the worst pandemic faced by mankind since its discovery as the causative agent of AIDS in the early 1980s. An enormous amount of research has been done to find a cure, but to date there has been no success and resistance is widespread among the available treatment. This project focused on the development of novel non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) using a rational design approach. The lead compound, ethyl 5-chloro-3-(methoxy(phenyl)methyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate, was shown to have low nano-molar potency against HIV-1 (IC50 = 16 nM), however it had two main shortcomings which needed to be addressed; poor resistance profile and poor acid stability. Previous research had shown the resistance profile could be improved by introducing meta substitution on the phenyl moiety which interacts with Tyr181 of the NNRTI binding pocket (NNIBP). We were successful in synthesising several meta substituted phenyl derivatives of the lead compound and these were shown to be equally as potent as the lead compound. Their activity against resistant strains is yet to be determined as we are awaiting the results from biological testing. The presence of an acid labile methyl ether functionality on the molecule which was susceptible to an acid catalysed indole mediated SN1 substitution in aqueous acidic medium meant that the lead compound could never be considered as a candidate for an orally available drug. The methyl ether moiety was exchanged for a sulfide moiety and several of these derivatives were successfully synthesised. Acid stability tests showed that we were successful in our endeavour to improve the acid stability, offering an advantage over the lead compound despite a slight reduction in potency. However to completely eliminate the possibility of substitution, we replaced the methyl ether moiety for an ethyl group, successfully synthesising ethyl 5-chloro-3-(1-phenylpropyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate and 5-chloro-3-(1-phenylpropyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide and we are currently awaiting the results from biological testing to determine whether this derivative is active against HIV-1. The functionality in the 2-position of the indole was also investigated through the synthesis of 5-chloro-3-(methoxy(phenyl)methyl)-1H-indole and 5-chloro-3-((methylthio)(phenyl)methyl)-1H-indole. These derivatives lacking a group in the 2-position of the indole showed significant reduction in potency. Replacement of the ethyl ester for an isobutyl ester to give isobutyl 5-chloro-3-((3,5-dimethylphenyl)(methylthio)methyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate, showed some maintenance of potency, however the larger side chain was not well accommodated in the NNIBP. The presence of a chiral centre on the lead compound, and all derivatives synthesised in the project, resulted in our final aim; we set out to develop a method for resolving these enantiomers. Unfortunately, although we employed a variety of different strategies, including the use of chiral auxiliaries and the classical resolution method of attempting to… Advisors/Committee Members: Pelly, Stephen, C., Blackie, Margeret, A. L., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Science. Dept. of Chemistry and Polymer Science..

Subjects/Keywords: HIV infections; NNRTI; Synthetic drugs; UCTD; Antiviral nucleosides

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Brigg, S. E. (2017). Lead optimisation of an indole based HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. (Masters Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/102766

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Brigg, Siobhan Ernan. “Lead optimisation of an indole based HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/102766.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Brigg, Siobhan Ernan. “Lead optimisation of an indole based HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.” 2017. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Brigg SE. Lead optimisation of an indole based HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/102766.

Council of Science Editors:

Brigg SE. Lead optimisation of an indole based HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. [Masters Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/102766

15. Foissac, Frantz. Pharmacocinétique de population du lopinavir, de l'atazanavir et de la névirapine chez l'enfant : Population pharmacokinetics of lopinavir, atazanavir and nevirapine in children.

Degree: Docteur es, Pharmacologie, 2012, Université Paris Descartes – Paris V

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05P645

►

Les pharmacocinétiques de deux inhibiteurs de protéase, le lopinavir et l'atazanavir et celle d'un inhibiteur non nucléosidique de la transcriptase inverse, la névirapine, ont été… (more)

▼

Les pharmacocinétiques de deux inhibiteurs de protéase, le lopinavir et l'atazanavir et celle d'un inhibiteur non nucléosidique de la transcriptase inverse, la névirapine, ont été étudiées chez l'enfant par une approche de population. Cette approche nous a permis d'étudier les différentes sources de variabilité pharmacocinétique de chaque molécule antirétrovirale. La prise en compte des relations concentration-effet précédemment établies chez l'adulte, nous a permis, concernant l'atazanavir et la névirapine, de ré-évaluer les recommandations posologiques chez l'enfant en termes d'efficacité et de toxicité. L'étude réalisée sur le lopinavir/ritonavir nous a conduits à comparer en termes de pharmacocinétique, d'efficacité et de tolérance, le changement de rythme d'administration de deux prises à une unique prise par jour. Les résultats obtenus ont mis en évidence dans les trois études une augmentation de la clairance et du volume de distribution apparents en fonction du poids. Pour l'atazanavir, il a été montré que la co-administration de ritonavir ou de ténofovir résulte respectivement en une diminution ou augmentation de sa clairance apparente. Pour la névirapine, un effet de l'âge sur sa biodisponibilité a été mis en évidence, la biodisponibilité relative augmentant avec l'âge. En conclusion, le changement de rythme d'administration du lopinavir/ritonavir s'est avéré être équivalent sur le plan pharmacocinétique, mais a résulté en une baisse de la proportion de patients présentant une charge virale indétectable. Les recommandations posologiques actuelles d'atazanavir/ritonavir pourraient mener à un sur-dosage pour l'intervalle de poids 32-50 kg. Les doses de névirapine recommandées par l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé pourraient mener à un sous-dosage pour les enfants pesant entre 3 et 10 kg.

The pharmacokinetics of two protease inhibitors, lopinavir and atazanavir and that of a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, nevirapine, has been studied in children by a population approach. This approach allowed us to study the factors affecting the pharmacokinetic variability of each antiretroviral drug. Based on adult concentration-effect relationships, we evaluated the recommended dosage of atazanavir and nevirapine in children in terms of efficacy and toxicity. The study of lopinavir led us to compare in terms of pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety, a switch from the twice-daily to the once-daily lopinavir/ritonavir regimen. These three studies showed that the apparent clearance and the apparent volume of distribution increased allometrically with body weight. For atazanavir, it was shown that co-administration of ritonavir or tenofovir resulted respectively in a decrease or increase of its apparent clearance. For nevirapine, an effect of age on its bioavailability was pointed out, the relative bioavailability increased with age. In conclusion, the switch of lopinavir/ritonavir regimen was found to be to be equivalent in terms of pharmacokinetics, but resulted in a decrease in the proportion of…

Advisors/Committee Members: Blanche, Stéphane (thesis director).

Subjects/Keywords: VIH; Enfants; Pharmacocinétique; Antirétroviraux; HIV; Children; Pharmacokinetics; Antiretroviral Drugs; 616.979 2061

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Foissac, F. (2012). Pharmacocinétique de population du lopinavir, de l'atazanavir et de la névirapine chez l'enfant : Population pharmacokinetics of lopinavir, atazanavir and nevirapine in children. (Doctoral Dissertation). Université Paris Descartes – Paris V. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05P645

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Foissac, Frantz. “Pharmacocinétique de population du lopinavir, de l'atazanavir et de la névirapine chez l'enfant : Population pharmacokinetics of lopinavir, atazanavir and nevirapine in children.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Université Paris Descartes – Paris V. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05P645.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Foissac, Frantz. “Pharmacocinétique de population du lopinavir, de l'atazanavir et de la névirapine chez l'enfant : Population pharmacokinetics of lopinavir, atazanavir and nevirapine in children.” 2012. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Foissac F. Pharmacocinétique de population du lopinavir, de l'atazanavir et de la névirapine chez l'enfant : Population pharmacokinetics of lopinavir, atazanavir and nevirapine in children. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Université Paris Descartes – Paris V; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05P645.

Council of Science Editors:

Foissac F. Pharmacocinétique de population du lopinavir, de l'atazanavir et de la névirapine chez l'enfant : Population pharmacokinetics of lopinavir, atazanavir and nevirapine in children. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Université Paris Descartes – Paris V; 2012. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05P645

16. Alessandri, Elodie. Variants non-M du VIH-1 : Sensibilité naturelle aux inhibiteurs d'intégrase et d'attachement, réponses immunologique et virologique des patients aux antirétroviraux. : Non-group M HIV-1 : Natural susceptibility to integrase and attachment inhibitors, Immunologic and virologic response of infected patients to antiretrovirals.

Degree: Docteur es, Aspects moleculaires et cellulaires de la biologie, 2018, Normandie

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR016

► L’importante diversité génétique des VIH-1 a conduit à la classification actuelle en 4 groupes - M, N, O et P - dont seul le premier… (more)

▼ L’importante diversité génétique des VIH-1 a conduit à la classification actuelle en 4 groupes - M, N, O et P - dont seul le premier est pandémique. Les VIH-1 non-M sont endémiques au Cameroun, mais circulent aussi en France, du fait de liens étroits entre les deux pays. Il a été largement démontré que la diversité génétique, en particulier des VIH-1/O, avait un impact sur les tests de dépistage sérologique et de quantification virale. En revanche, peu de données sont disponibles quant aux conséquences de cette diversité génétique sur la prise en charge thérapeutique des patients infectés. Il a été décrit in vitro que la présence naturelle de la mutation Y181C conduisait à une résistance naturelle aux inhibiteurs non nucléosidiques de la transcriptase inverse, et que le polymorphisme important de la protéase avait un impact au moins génotypique, sur l’utilisation de certaines molécules, limitant ainsi les options thérapeutiques ; d’autre part, la réponse immuno-virologique des patients aux antirétroviraux (ARV) est méconnue, du fait d’études anciennes et/ou réalisées sur un nombre limité de patients. Les objectifs de ce travail était donc i) d’étudier la sensibilité naturelle des VIH-1/non-M aux classes d’ARV les plus récentes ; ii) d’analyser la réponse immuno-virologique aux ARV d’un grand nombre de patients infectés par un VIH-1/O et chez l’unique patiente infectée par un VIH1/P actuellement suivie. En lien avec l’usage actuellement répandu des inhibiteurs d’intégrase (INI), nous avons montré sur un large panel de 39 isolats cliniques VIH-1 non-M, l’absence d’impact majeur du polymorphisme naturel de l’intégrase sur la sensibilité phénotypique au raltegravir et au dolutegravir mais une importante disparité des réponses phénotypiques avec l’elvitegravir, possiblement corrélée à l’association de 4 mutations sur l’intégrase (V72I, I200L, N222K et R224Q). Nous avons également établi que le polymorphisme génétique des variants non-M, avec la présence naturelle des mutations M426L, M434I et S375H/M de la gp120, variables selon les groupes, serait préjudiciable à l’efficacité du fostemsavir, représentant de la nouvelle classe des inhibiteurs d’attachement. Aussi, l’analyse de la réponse immuno-virologique aux ARV de 101 patients infectés par un VIH-1/O et vivant en France a permis de montrer que la réponse était globalement satisfaisante. En nous intéressant plus particulièrement aux patients recevant une trithérapie incluant un INI lors d’un échec ou d’un switch, nous avons observé un taux de succès virologique de 80 à 90%, résultats en cohérence avec nos données phénotypiques et en faveur des recommandations à utiliser largement de cette classe ; lors des échecs virologiques, l’émergence des mutations de résistance suivait, a minima, des voies de sélection similaires à celles décrites pour les VIH-1/M. Enfin, le suivi de la patiente RBF168 infectée par un VIH-1/P a été l’occasion de décrire pour la première fois, l’évolution naturelle de cette infection rare, l’excellente réponse immuno-virologique, mais aussi le… Advisors/Committee Members: Plantier, Jean-Christophe (thesis director).

Subjects/Keywords: VIH; Antirétroviraux; Sensibilité phénotypique; Résistance; HIV; Antiretroviral drugs; Phenotypic susceptibility; Resistance

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Alessandri, E. (2018). Variants non-M du VIH-1 : Sensibilité naturelle aux inhibiteurs d'intégrase et d'attachement, réponses immunologique et virologique des patients aux antirétroviraux. : Non-group M HIV-1 : Natural susceptibility to integrase and attachment inhibitors, Immunologic and virologic response of infected patients to antiretrovirals. (Doctoral Dissertation). Normandie. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR016

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Alessandri, Elodie. “Variants non-M du VIH-1 : Sensibilité naturelle aux inhibiteurs d'intégrase et d'attachement, réponses immunologique et virologique des patients aux antirétroviraux. : Non-group M HIV-1 : Natural susceptibility to integrase and attachment inhibitors, Immunologic and virologic response of infected patients to antiretrovirals.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Normandie. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR016.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Alessandri, Elodie. “Variants non-M du VIH-1 : Sensibilité naturelle aux inhibiteurs d'intégrase et d'attachement, réponses immunologique et virologique des patients aux antirétroviraux. : Non-group M HIV-1 : Natural susceptibility to integrase and attachment inhibitors, Immunologic and virologic response of infected patients to antiretrovirals.” 2018. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Alessandri E. Variants non-M du VIH-1 : Sensibilité naturelle aux inhibiteurs d'intégrase et d'attachement, réponses immunologique et virologique des patients aux antirétroviraux. : Non-group M HIV-1 : Natural susceptibility to integrase and attachment inhibitors, Immunologic and virologic response of infected patients to antiretrovirals. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Normandie; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR016.

Council of Science Editors:

Alessandri E. Variants non-M du VIH-1 : Sensibilité naturelle aux inhibiteurs d'intégrase et d'attachement, réponses immunologique et virologique des patients aux antirétroviraux. : Non-group M HIV-1 : Natural susceptibility to integrase and attachment inhibitors, Immunologic and virologic response of infected patients to antiretrovirals. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Normandie; 2018. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR016

University of Ghana

17. Antwi, R.B. Hypertension Among HIV/AIDS Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Drugs at Ridge Regional Hospital .

Degree: 2017, University of Ghana

URL: http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/35421

► Background With improved survival after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), non-AIDS-related morbidity and mortality have come to the forefront in the management… (more)

▼ Background With improved survival after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), non-AIDS-related morbidity and mortality have come to the forefront in the management ofHIV patients. HAART has been linked to the development of several risk factors for cardiovascular disease including insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia, but its mfluence on hypertensIon requires further study. The general objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension among HIV patients on hIghly active antiretroviral therapy. Method: The study extracted electronic data stored on HIV/AIDS patients (262) in the DHIMNS-2 from the Ridge Hospital data base from the period 2010 to 2015. Data were analysed using appropriate analytical tools. The proportion of mY/AIDS patients that developed hypertensIon while on antiretroviral was analysed using descriptive statistics. The FIsher's exact test was done to come out with the results (exact=0.678) for relationship between the mv type and hypertension because the table had figures less than 5. The assocIatIon between the class of antiretroviral and hypertension was also analysed using logistics regression with a significant level of 0.05 I{t'SlIlh: The resulls showed that 63 patients out of the total 262 sample of mY/AIDS patients who were on antiretroviral drugs from 2010 to 2015 at the Ridge Regional Hospital became hypertensive while on the antiretroviral drugs during that period. The females had a greater percentage of hypertensives whiles on the antiretroviral treatment than the males in the study, (62~o and 38%) respectively. The middle adult age category (31-45) had the highest proportIon of patients being hvpertensives thus 33 patients (52%). This was followed by the adult age category (41-60) mth 23 patIents (37%) and then the young adult's age category (18-35) which had 7 patients University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh (I 1%) hypertensives The age of participants was also significantly associated with hypertension among the HIY! AIDS patients on antiretroviral drugs. There was no relationship between the gender of the HIV/AIDS patients and the development of hypertension. Also, there was no association between the mv types and the development of hypertension among the patients on medication. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension among the HIV/AIDS patients was 24%. But the prevalence among the various antiretroviral drugs from the study showed the following p-values AZT/3TCIEFV (p<034), AZT/3TCINVP (p<O.14), AZT/3TCINPC (p<O.75), TDF/3TCINVP (1'<0.07), D4T/3TCINVP (p>0.02) and AZT/3TC (p<O.95). Hypertension was prevalent among patients on Stavudine/lamivudinelNiverapine class of antiretroviral drugs with a pvalue p>002 Female participants also had the highest prevalence of hypertension (62%) of the total 63 hypertensives in the study. Also, middle age adults reported the highest proportion of hypertension (52%). Meanwhile the association between gender and the development of hypertension as well as mv…

Subjects/Keywords: Hypertension; HIV/AIDS; Highly Active Antiretroviral Drugs; Ghana

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Antwi, R. B. (2017). Hypertension Among HIV/AIDS Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Drugs at Ridge Regional Hospital . (Masters Thesis). University of Ghana. Retrieved from http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/35421

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Antwi, R B. “Hypertension Among HIV/AIDS Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Drugs at Ridge Regional Hospital .” 2017. Masters Thesis, University of Ghana. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/35421.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Antwi, R B. “Hypertension Among HIV/AIDS Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Drugs at Ridge Regional Hospital .” 2017. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Antwi RB. Hypertension Among HIV/AIDS Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Drugs at Ridge Regional Hospital . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Ghana; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/35421.

Council of Science Editors:

Antwi RB. Hypertension Among HIV/AIDS Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Drugs at Ridge Regional Hospital . [Masters Thesis]. University of Ghana; 2017. Available from: http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/35421

18. Munenu, Kalale. Drug related problems associated with anti-retroviral therapy of HIV/AIDS patients at Ndola Central Hospital.

Degree: 2017, University of Zimbabwe

URL: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/5707

► Background: Antiretroviral therapy has posed multiple risks and challenges particularly in resource constrained African countries. This is due to the chronic nature of HIV/AIDS disease… (more)

▼ Background: Antiretroviral therapy has posed multiple risks and challenges particularly in resource constrained African countries. This is due to the chronic nature of HIV/AIDS disease and hence its therapy, the use of combination therapy and also because therapeutic options and treatment guidelines continue to evolve. The increase in access to new essential medicines such as ARVs and the ARV regimen complexity and challenges increase the potential for drug related problems. Objective: To determine the prevalence and patterns of drug related problems associated with anti-retroviral drugs in the management of HIV/AIDS patients at Ndola Central Hospital in 2016. Methodology: A retrospective cross sectional study design involving 300 randomly sampled HIV positive patients admitted to the internal medicine wards of Ndola Central Hospital was conducted. The actual/potential patient specific ARV drug related problems were identified and classified according to the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) V5.01 for drug related problems. The ARV drug classes associated with the drug related problems were also determined as well as the intervention rate against these drug related problems. This was achieved by review of patients’ files and drug charts over a period of two months. The data from the research was analyzed using SPSS 20.0 version. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency tables, percentages and chi square tests were performed. Results: Out of 300 patients involved in the study, 31% had drug related problems associated with antiretroviral drugs in the management of HIV/AIDS patients. The prevalence of each Drug related problem in the management of HIV/AIDS patients were adverse drug event (40%), Non-compliance (40%) and no drug initiation (20%). Only the ARV drug class NRTIs, was significantly associated with adverse drug event and Noncompliance with p values= 0.03 and 0.011 respectively. The rate of intervention to prevent or resolve drug related problems associated with HIV/AIDS patients was 24 %. Conclusion: The study revealed a high prevalence of DRPs with a risk of DRPs being high in patients taking NRTIs. The Antiretroviral drug related problems identified in the study were adverse drug event (40%), Non-compliance (40%) and No Antiretroviral drug initiation (20%). There was a low rate intervention in these DRPs and this can lead to the development of ARV resistance and treatment failure over time.

Subjects/Keywords: Antiretroviral drugs – HIV/AIDS – Zambia; Drug related problems – Antiretroviral – Zambia

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Munenu, K. (2017). Drug related problems associated with anti-retroviral therapy of HIV/AIDS patients at Ndola Central Hospital. (Thesis). University of Zimbabwe. Retrieved from http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/5707

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Munenu, Kalale. “Drug related problems associated with anti-retroviral therapy of HIV/AIDS patients at Ndola Central Hospital.” 2017. Thesis, University of Zimbabwe. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/5707.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Munenu, Kalale. “Drug related problems associated with anti-retroviral therapy of HIV/AIDS patients at Ndola Central Hospital.” 2017. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Munenu K. Drug related problems associated with anti-retroviral therapy of HIV/AIDS patients at Ndola Central Hospital. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Zimbabwe; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/5707.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Munenu K. Drug related problems associated with anti-retroviral therapy of HIV/AIDS patients at Ndola Central Hospital. [Thesis]. University of Zimbabwe; 2017. Available from: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/5707

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

19. N.B. Charbe. THERAPEUTIC DRUG MANAGEMENT OF HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS WITH COMORBIDITIES.

Degree: 2016, Università degli Studi di Milano

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2434/354114

► Today, antiretroviral therapy is potent, convenient and usually well tolerated, capable of reducing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) blood concentration to undetectable values within a few… (more)

▼ Today, antiretroviral therapy is potent, convenient and usually well tolerated, capable of reducing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) blood concentration to undetectable values within a few weeks from treatment initiation and of inducing a robust and sustained CD4 T-cell gain. Despite these unquestioned successes, the problem is far from being solved: even in countries with full access to ntiretroviral treatment, life expectancy of people under ARV therapy remains lower with respect to that of uninfected people. Furthermore, large populations of HIV infected individuals who are not diagnosed remain untreated or enter treatment at a very late stage of diseases. Undiagnosed and untreated population represents an infected reservoir that increases HIV transmission. Patient with HIV/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) disease face many problems when commencing antiretroviral therapy also called as highly active ntiretroviral therapy (HAART). In addition to understanding their HIV disease, they are prescribed with combination antiretroviral therapy and have a higher risk of developing adverse drug reactions. Consequently, patients feel that HIV treatment is a burden and turn non-adherent to HAART. One important tool for better patient compliance towards HAART is optimizing therapy for minimal side effects by therapeutic drug monitoring. In the present PhD research work entitled “Traditional and novel therapeutic approaches for the personalized therapy in HIV patients co-infected with opportunistic infections and other co-morbidities” we studied the role of therapeutic drug monitoring in HAART therapy for personalized patient care. The experimental section of the thesis is broadly categories as follows • HPLC UV assay method development for ARV drugs quantification • LC-MS/MS assay method development for ARV drugs quantification • Pharmacokinetics of ARV drugs dosing at conventional doses • Association between antiretroviral pharmacokinetics and drug-related metabolic disorders • Pharmacokinetic interaction between raltegravir and anti HCV drugs in an HIV-HCV liver transplant recipientIn conclusion we developed and validated HPLC-UV and LC-MS/MS methods which are accurate, reproducible and able to simultaneously quantify nineteen antiretroviral agents in plasma by a single assay. Good extraction efficiency and low limit of quantification make these methods suitable for use in clinical trials and for TDM. This method has been successfully applied for our routine TDM and PK studies in HIV-infected patients. When applied these methods for routine therapeutic drug monitoring of antiretroviral drugs we were able to document that a significant proportion of patients treated with some of the antiretrovirals at marketed doses had plasma concentrations exceeding the upper therapeutic threshold. Such selected patients, who might have the highest risk of experiencing drug-related complications, may benefit from therapeutic drug monitoring -driven adjustments in antiretroviral doses with potential advantages in… Advisors/Committee Members: tutor: E.Clementi, D.Cattaneo, coordinator: A.Corsini, CLEMENTI, EMILIO GIUSEPPE IGNAZIO, CORSINI, ALBERTO.

Subjects/Keywords: Therapeutic drug monitoring; HIV; AIDS; Antiretroviral drugs; Settore BIO/14 - Farmacologia

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Charbe, N. (2016). THERAPEUTIC DRUG MANAGEMENT OF HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS WITH COMORBIDITIES. (Thesis). Università degli Studi di Milano. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2434/354114

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Charbe, N.B.. “THERAPEUTIC DRUG MANAGEMENT OF HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS WITH COMORBIDITIES.” 2016. Thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/354114.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Charbe, N.B.. “THERAPEUTIC DRUG MANAGEMENT OF HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS WITH COMORBIDITIES.” 2016. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Charbe N. THERAPEUTIC DRUG MANAGEMENT OF HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS WITH COMORBIDITIES. [Internet] [Thesis]. Università degli Studi di Milano; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2434/354114.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Charbe N. THERAPEUTIC DRUG MANAGEMENT OF HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS WITH COMORBIDITIES. [Thesis]. Università degli Studi di Milano; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2434/354114

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Toronto

20. Robillard, Kevin Ryan. Functional Expression of ABC Transporters at Blood-tissue Barriers: Relevance to Antiretroviral Drug Tissue Distribution.

Degree: PhD, 2014, University of Toronto

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/68472

► Although combination antiretroviral therapy is successful in reducing HIV-1 viral loads in plasma, several tissue compartments i.e., the brain and male genital tract have been… (more)

▼ Although combination antiretroviral therapy is successful in reducing HIV-1 viral loads in plasma, several tissue compartments i.e., the brain and male genital tract have been identified as viral reservoirs which can harbor actively replicating HIV-1 virus (Chan, 2005;Dahl, et al., 2010;Smith, et al., 2007;Solas, et al., 2003). In addition to harboring the virus, several studies have observed antiretroviral drugs present at sub-therapeutic concentrations in these tissue compartments that may contribute to the formation of drug resistance and allow systemic viral repopulation. ATP-binding cassette drug efflux transporters i.e., P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein, have been previously shown to efflux antiretroviral drugs at the level of blood-brain barrier (Dallas, et al., 2004a;Lee, et al., 2007;Lee and Bendayan, 2004;Ronaldson, et al., 2004;Ronaldson, et al., 2007); however, few studies have examined the role of these transporters at the blood-testis barrier. The overall goal of this thesis was to investigate the functional expression of ATP-binding cassette drug efflux transporters at tissue-plasma barriers i.e., the blood-brain barrier and the blood-testis barrier, and provide insight into the role that these transporters play in limiting the distribution of antiretroviral drugs into these potential sanctuary tissues. We demonstrated that P-glycoprotein, breast cancer resistance protein and multidrug resistance associated protein-1 are localized and expressed at the plasma membrane in primary human Sertoli cells and mouse Sertoli cell culture systems using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, respectively. In mouse Sertoli cell culture systems, using radiolabeled and fluorescent substrates of P-glycoprotein, breast cancer resistance protein and multidrug resistance associated proteins; we demonstrated that these transporters are not only expressed, but also functional in this cell system. We observed that several of the antiretroviral drugs can serve as both, substrates and inhibitors of these transporters at clinically relevant concentrations, including several of the protease inhibitors. We further examined the role of drug transporters in the tissue distribution of atazanavir and observed that P-glycoprotein/breast cancer resistance protein (Mdr1a/1b-/-. Abcg2-/-) knockout mice and wild-type mice pre-treated with the P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein inhibitor, elacridar, have enhanced accumulation of atazanavir in brain and testes tissues compared to control mice. In addition, we investigated the role of ritonavir as a potential inhibitor of P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein, using Cyp3a-/- (8-gene) knockout mouse model, and demonstrated that ritonavir can modestly enhance the accumulation of atazanavir in the brain and testes tissues. To better understand the role of HIV-1 viral proteins on the mRNA expression of ATP-binding cassette drug efflux transporters, we examined their expression in a… Advisors/Committee Members: Reina, Bendayan, Pharmaceutical Sciences.

Subjects/Keywords: Antiretroviral drugs; atazanavir; distribution; Drug transporters; HIV; knockout mouse model; 0572

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APA (6^th Edition):

Robillard, K. R. (2014). Functional Expression of ABC Transporters at Blood-tissue Barriers: Relevance to Antiretroviral Drug Tissue Distribution. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Toronto. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1807/68472

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Robillard, Kevin Ryan. “Functional Expression of ABC Transporters at Blood-tissue Barriers: Relevance to Antiretroviral Drug Tissue Distribution.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Toronto. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/68472.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Robillard, Kevin Ryan. “Functional Expression of ABC Transporters at Blood-tissue Barriers: Relevance to Antiretroviral Drug Tissue Distribution.” 2014. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Robillard KR. Functional Expression of ABC Transporters at Blood-tissue Barriers: Relevance to Antiretroviral Drug Tissue Distribution. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Toronto; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/68472.

Council of Science Editors:

Robillard KR. Functional Expression of ABC Transporters at Blood-tissue Barriers: Relevance to Antiretroviral Drug Tissue Distribution. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Toronto; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/68472

University of Melbourne

21. JARDINE, MELISSA. Harm reduction and law enforcement in Vietnam: influences on street policing.

Degree: 2013, University of Melbourne

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/38172

► Background and rationale: The HIV epidemic in Vietnam has from its start been concentrated among injecting drug users. Vietnam instituted the 2006 HIV/AIDS Law which… (more)

▼ Background and rationale: The HIV epidemic in Vietnam has from its start been concentrated among injecting drug users. Vietnam instituted the 2006 HIV/AIDS Law which includes comprehensive harm reduction measures, but these are unevenly accepted and inadequately implemented. Ward police are a major determinant of risk for injecting drug users (IDUs), required to participate in drug control practices (especially meeting quotas for detention centres) which impede support for harm reduction. Influences on ward level police regarding harm reduction were studied in Hanoi to learn how to better target education and structural change. Methods: After document review, key informants were interviewed from government, NGOs, INGOs, multilateral agencies, and police, using semi-structured guides. A survey was carried out among ward level police (n=27). Topics covered in both phases included perceptions of harm reduction and the police role in drug law enforcement, and harm reduction training and advocacy among police. Results: Police perceive conflicting responsibilities, but overwhelmingly see their responsibility as enforcing drug laws, identifying and knowing drug users, and selecting those for compulsory detention. Harm reduction training was very patchy, ward police not being seen as important to it; and understanding of harm reduction was limited, tending to reflect drug control priorities. Justification for methadone was as much crime prevention as HIV prevention. Competing pressures on ward police create much anxiety, with performance measures based around drug control; recourse to detention resolves competing pressures more safely. There is much recognition of the importance of discretion, and much use of it to maintain good social order. Policy dissemination approaches within the law enforcement sector were inconsistent, with little communication about harm reduction programs or approaches, and an unfounded assumption that training at senior levels would naturally reach to the street. Discussion: Ward police have not been systematically included in harm reduction advocacy or training strategies to support or operationalise legalised harm reduction interventions. The practices of street police challenge harm reduction policies, entirely understandably given the competing pressures on them. For harm reduction to be effective in Vietnam, it is essential that the ambiguities and contradictions between laws to control HIV and to control drugs be resolved for the street-level police.

Subjects/Keywords: harm reduction; law enforcement; police culture; drugs; HIV; Vietnam

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APA (6^th Edition):

JARDINE, M. (2013). Harm reduction and law enforcement in Vietnam: influences on street policing. (Masters Thesis). University of Melbourne. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11343/38172

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

JARDINE, MELISSA. “Harm reduction and law enforcement in Vietnam: influences on street policing.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of Melbourne. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11343/38172.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

JARDINE, MELISSA. “Harm reduction and law enforcement in Vietnam: influences on street policing.” 2013. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

JARDINE M. Harm reduction and law enforcement in Vietnam: influences on street policing. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Melbourne; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/38172.

Council of Science Editors:

JARDINE M. Harm reduction and law enforcement in Vietnam: influences on street policing. [Masters Thesis]. University of Melbourne; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/38172

22. Gerke, Donald Robert. Violence Exposure and Pathways to HIV Risk Behaviors in Black and White Young Men who have Sex with Men.

Degree: PhD, Social Work, 2018, Washington University in St. Louis

URL: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/1530

► HIV remains a critical public health issue facing men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States. Young MSM (YMSM) ages 13-34… (more)

▼ HIV remains a critical public health issue facing men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States. Young MSM (YMSM) ages 13-34 years account for the greatest number of new HIV infections in MSM, with Black YMSM bearing the highest burden of disease. Sexual risk behaviors (e.g. unprotected sex) continue to be the leading transmission mode for HIV among all YMSM and studies have indicated that these behaviors are associated with a number of psychosocial and environmental factors, including adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), exposure to violence, substance use, and mental health problems. Moreover, recent studies based on the syndemic model of HIV risk have shown that exposure to violence, substance use, mental health problems may interact to increase HIV risk in vulnerable populations, including YMSM. However, the relationships among these risk factors and their association with sexual risk behaviors in YMSM are not yet fully understood. Therefore, the purpose of this cross-sectional, quantitative study was to: 1) describe the degree to which YMSM engage in HIV risk behaviors, are exposed to ACEs and other multiple forms of violence, experience mental health problems, and use substances; 2) identify the ACEs and violence exposure, substance use, and mental health problems that significantly predict HIV risk behaviors in Black and White YMSM; and 3) test the indirect (through substance use and mental health pathways) effects of violence exposure on HIV risk behaviors. Data was collected using structured computer-assisted personal interviews from a convenience sample of 168 Black (97) and White (71) YMSM recruited at AIDS service organizations that provide HIV prevention programs and testing for YMSM in the St. Louis and Kansas City metropolitan areas. The current study contributed to knowledge regarding HIV risk behaviors and related syndemic risk factors in service-using YMSM. This study was unique in the assessment of adverse childhood experiences, multiple types of violence exposure, experiences of multiple types of mental health problems, and use of multiple substances in a service-using sample of HIV-negative Black and White YMSM, the populations at highest risk for HIV infection in the US. This study found that a substantial proportion of YMSM are exposed to multiple adverse childhood experiences, intimate partner violence, and community violence, all of which were previously unexplored or understudied in YMSM. Additionally, findings from the study identified unique significant mental health and substance use predictors of unprotected anal sex and number of male sex partners for YMSM when controlling for demographic factors. Further, although relationships between adverse childhood experiences or intimate partner violence and HIV risk behaviors were not significant in multiple regression models, this study demonstrated that adverse childhood experiences and intimate partner violence indirectly affect HIV risk behaviors through polydrug use, whereby higher rates of violence exposure lead to… Advisors/Committee Members: Wendy F. Auslander, Darrell Hudson, Sean Joe, Katie Plax, Edward Spitznagel.

Subjects/Keywords: drugs, health, HIV, mental, violence, YMSM; Social Work

6 more images…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gerke, D. R. (2018). Violence Exposure and Pathways to HIV Risk Behaviors in Black and White Young Men who have Sex with Men. (Doctoral Dissertation). Washington University in St. Louis. Retrieved from https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/1530

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gerke, Donald Robert. “Violence Exposure and Pathways to HIV Risk Behaviors in Black and White Young Men who have Sex with Men.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Washington University in St. Louis. Accessed January 26, 2021. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/1530.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gerke, Donald Robert. “Violence Exposure and Pathways to HIV Risk Behaviors in Black and White Young Men who have Sex with Men.” 2018. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Gerke DR. Violence Exposure and Pathways to HIV Risk Behaviors in Black and White Young Men who have Sex with Men. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Washington University in St. Louis; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/1530.

Council of Science Editors:

Gerke DR. Violence Exposure and Pathways to HIV Risk Behaviors in Black and White Young Men who have Sex with Men. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Washington University in St. Louis; 2018. Available from: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/1530

University of Ghana

23. Antwi, R.B. Hypertension Among HIV/AIDS Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Drugs at Ridge Regional Hospital .

Degree: 2017, University of Ghana

URL: http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/35168

► Background With improved survival after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), non-AIDS-related morbidity and mortality have come to the forefront in the management… (more)

▼ Background With improved survival after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), non-AIDS-related morbidity and mortality have come to the forefront in the management of HIV patients. HAART has been linked to the development of several risk factors for cardiovascular disease including insulin resistance and hyperlipidaemia, but its influence on hypertension requires further study. The general objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension among HIV patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. Method: The study extracted electronic data stored on HIV/AIDS patients (262) in the DHIMNS-2 from the Ridge Hospital data base from the period 2010 to 2015. Data were analysed using appropriate analytical tools. The proportion of HIV/AIDS patients that developed hypertension while on antiretroviral was analysed using descriptive statistics. The Fisher’s exact test was done to come out with the results (exact=0.678) for relationship between the mv type and hypertension because the table had figures less than 5. The association between the class of antiretroviral and hypertension was also analysed using regression with a significant level of 0.05 Results: The results showed that 63 patients out of the total 262 sample of HIV/AIDS patients who were on antiretroviral drugs from 2010 to 2015 at the Ridge Regional Hospital became hypertensive while on the antiretroviral drugs during that period. The females had a greater percentage of hypertensives whiles on the antiretroviral treatment than the males in the study, (62% and 38%) respectively. adult age category (31-45) had the highest proportion of patients being hypertensives thus 33 patients (52%). This was followed by the adult age category (41-60) with 23 patients (37%) and then the young adult's age category (18-35) which had 7 patients (11%) hypertensives. The age of participants was also significantly associated with hypertension among the HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral drugs. There was no relationship between the gender of the HIV/AIDS patients and the development of hypertension. Also, there was no association between the mv types and the development of hypertension among the patients on medication. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension among the HIV/AIDS patients was 24%. But the prevalence among the various antiretroviral drugs from the study showed the following p-values AZT/3TCIEFV (p<034), AZT/3TCINVP (p<O.14), AZT/3TCINPC (p<O.75), TDF/3TCINVP (1'<0.07), D4T/3TCINVP (p>0.02) and AZT/3TC (p<O.95). Hypertension was prevalent among patients on Stavudine/Lamivudine/Niverapine class of antiretroviral drugs with a p value p>002. Female participants also had the highest prevalence of hypertension (62%) of the total 63 hypertensives in the study. Also, middle age adults reported the highest proportion of hypertension (52%). Meanwhile the association between gender and the development of hypertension as well as mv type and the development of hypertension among the patients on…

Subjects/Keywords: Hypertension; HIV/AIDS; Anti-Retroviral Drugs; Ridge Regional Hospital; Ghana

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APA (6^th Edition):

Antwi, R. B. (2017). Hypertension Among HIV/AIDS Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Drugs at Ridge Regional Hospital . (Masters Thesis). University of Ghana. Retrieved from http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/35168

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Antwi, R B. “Hypertension Among HIV/AIDS Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Drugs at Ridge Regional Hospital .” 2017. Masters Thesis, University of Ghana. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/35168.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Antwi, R B. “Hypertension Among HIV/AIDS Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Drugs at Ridge Regional Hospital .” 2017. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Antwi RB. Hypertension Among HIV/AIDS Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Drugs at Ridge Regional Hospital . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Ghana; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/35168.

Council of Science Editors:

Antwi RB. Hypertension Among HIV/AIDS Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Drugs at Ridge Regional Hospital . [Masters Thesis]. University of Ghana; 2017. Available from: http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/35168

University of KwaZulu-Natal

24. Didamson, Onyisi Christiana. The differential influence of HIV-1 subtype C,nucleoside analog resistance mutations: K65R, A62V, S68N and Y115F susceptibility to tenofovir.

Degree: 2019, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18683

► The use of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumerate (TDF) for the treatment of HIV-1 infection has been recommended for the first-line as well as a second-line antiretroviral… (more)

▼ The use of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumerate (TDF) for the treatment of HIV-1 infection has been recommended for the first-line as well as a second-line antiretroviral regimen in South Africa, due to its high antiretroviral activity and low toxicity level. However, the efficacy of the drug could be threatened by the emergence of drug resistance mutations. The development of TDF resistance poses a public health threat. TDF resistance can be acquired through a selection of the K65R mutation or the K70E mutation (though less frequently) under TDF selection pressure. Besides, K65R and K70E mutations, recent studies have identified other mutations associated with TDF resistance such as A62V, K65N, S68G/N/D, K70E/Q/T, L74I, V75L, and Y115F. These mutations were particularly observed to be in association with the K65R mutation and were reported to be more common in HIV-1 subtype C viruses. Also, these mutations could cause high-level resistance to TDF, especially when in combination with K65R. However, in-vitro studies are required to demonstrate their influence on viral fitness and TDF susceptibility. In this study, we investigated the impact of K65R, A62V, S68D, Y115F, and K65R+S68N on replication capacity and TDF susceptibility. The reverse transcriptase (RT) region was amplified from a drug-naive HIV-1 subtype C isolate obtained from a patient enrolled in the Tropism study (BREC: BF088/07) and cloned into a TOPO vector using a TOPO TA cloning kit. The HIV-1 RT mutations (K65R, A62V, S68D, Y115F, K65R+A62V, K65R+S68D, K65R+S68G, K65R+S68N, and K65R+Y115F) were introduced into the TOPO+RTsubC recombinant using the Quikchange lightning Multi site-directed mutagenesis kit. Next, recombinant viruses were created by co-transfection of the mutant RT amplicons and a pNL4-3-deleted-reverse transcriptase (RT) (pNL43ΔRT) backbone into GXR cells by electroporation. The replication capacity of the mutant viruses was assessed using a replication method that utilized a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter cell line and flow cytometry. We evaluated the replication capacity using the exponential growth curve function in Excel to determine the percentage GFP-expressing cells between days 2 and 6. The impact of the mutant viruses on susceptibility to TDF was performed in a luciferase-based assay. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated using Graph Pad Prism. Drug susceptibility was expressed as the fold change in IC50 of mutant virus compared with the wild type virus. Of the 5 TDF- selected mutants analysed: A62V, K65R, and Y115F mutants display a reduction in replicative fitness whereas, S68D and K65R+S68N showed high viral fitness. Interestingly, the TDF- selected resistance mutations we analysed, showed high susceptibility (A62V, S68D, and Y115F) and reduced susceptibility (K65R and K65R+S68N) to TDF. Our findings support the hypothesis that TDF- selected mutations only confer reduced susceptibility to TDF. Hence, further study is needed on various combinations of TDF-selected resistance mutations to further solidify… Advisors/Committee Members: Gordon, Michelle Lucille. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: HIV-1.; Tenofovir.; Drug resistance mutations.; Antiretroviral drugs.; Viruses.; TDF resistance.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Didamson, O. C. (2019). The differential influence of HIV-1 subtype C,nucleoside analog resistance mutations: K65R, A62V, S68N and Y115F susceptibility to tenofovir. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18683

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Didamson, Onyisi Christiana. “The differential influence of HIV-1 subtype C,nucleoside analog resistance mutations: K65R, A62V, S68N and Y115F susceptibility to tenofovir.” 2019. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed January 26, 2021. https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18683.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Didamson, Onyisi Christiana. “The differential influence of HIV-1 subtype C,nucleoside analog resistance mutations: K65R, A62V, S68N and Y115F susceptibility to tenofovir.” 2019. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Didamson OC. The differential influence of HIV-1 subtype C,nucleoside analog resistance mutations: K65R, A62V, S68N and Y115F susceptibility to tenofovir. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18683.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Didamson OC. The differential influence of HIV-1 subtype C,nucleoside analog resistance mutations: K65R, A62V, S68N and Y115F susceptibility to tenofovir. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2019. Available from: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18683

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

25. Giannou, Foteini. Αξιολόγηση μεθόδων πρόληψης της HIV λοίμωξης.

Degree: 2019, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών (ΕΚΠΑ)

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/46464

► Introduction: Despite great advances in HIV prevention and treatment, HIV infection remains a major global public health issue associated with serious morbidities, high health care… (more)

▼ Introduction: Despite great advances in HIV prevention and treatment, HIV infection remains a major global public health issue associated with serious morbidities, high health care and treatment costs and a significant number of deaths. Since a safe and effective vaccine is not available yet, the use of other evidence-based methods and interventions is considered essential in order to contain the epidemic. Worldwide, the predominant mode of HIV transmission is through sexual intercourse and, as a result, condoms remain the key preventing tool against HIV infection. Even though several previous studies have supported condom effectiveness for HIV prevention, new evidence has appeared (including data from a very large number of HIV serodiscordant heterosexual couples), while there was also a need to perform further subgroup investigation, and to take into consideration the current availability of sound meta-analytic techniques. Sharing of contaminated injecting equipment among people who inject drugs is another potential mode of HIV transmission, something that becomes more important in times of outbreaks like that among PWID that occurred in 2011, in Athens, Greece. Apart from the early and intense implementation of harm reduction programs (including NSP and OST programs) that have been proved effective in limiting HIV spread among PWID, knowledge about acute/recent HIV infection could also play an important role, given that correct knowledge about recent infection and its disproportionate large contribution to HIV transmission could lead to avoidance of high risk behaviors, maintenance of positive attitude towards recently HIV-infected people, recognition of acute HIV infection symptoms and, consequently, to early HIV detection and treatment. However, despite the critical role of recent HIV infection in onward HIV transmission, there is still a gap in the literature regarding research, both quantitative and qualitative, on people’s knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes toward recent HIV infection. The aim of the present research was: • to produce updated and more precise estimates of condom effectiveness in reducing the risk of HIV transmission among HIV serodiscordant heterosexual couples and to investigate factors that potentially influence its effectiveness (using meta-analytic techniques), • to measure knowledge about recent HIV infection and normative beliefs and attitudes towards persons with recent HIV infection among a sample of PWID, during a period of high HIV incidence in that group [analyzing data from novel interventions that were implemented during the outbreak among PWID, in Athens: specifically, a multi-wave, respondent-driven sampling (RDS) program (ARISTOTLE) and a social network-based contact tracing approach (Transmission Reduction Intervention Project – TRIP)].Results: Concerning condom effectiveness, 25 observational studies were identified by a comprehensive search in Medline, Scopus, and the ISI Web of Science database, involving a large number of HIV serodiscordant heterosexual couples…

Subjects/Keywords: Πρόληψη HIV λοίμωξης; Αποτελεσματικότητα προφυλακτικού; Πρόσφατη HIV λοίμωξη; Γνώση, συμπεριφορά, πεποιθήσεις; Χρήστες ενδοφλέβιων ναρκωτικών ουσιών (ΧΕΝ); Μετάδοση της HIV λοίμωξης; HIV οροασύμβατα ετεροφυλόφιλα ζευγάρια; HIV prevention; Condom effectiveness; Recent HIV infection; Knowledge, attitudes, normative beliefs; People who inject drugs (PWID); HIV transmission; HIV serodiscordant heterosexual couples

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APA (6^th Edition):

Giannou, F. (2019). Αξιολόγηση μεθόδων πρόληψης της HIV λοίμωξης. (Thesis). National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών (ΕΚΠΑ). Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/46464

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Giannou, Foteini. “Αξιολόγηση μεθόδων πρόληψης της HIV λοίμωξης.” 2019. Thesis, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών (ΕΚΠΑ). Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/46464.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Giannou, Foteini. “Αξιολόγηση μεθόδων πρόληψης της HIV λοίμωξης.” 2019. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Giannou F. Αξιολόγηση μεθόδων πρόληψης της HIV λοίμωξης. [Internet] [Thesis]. National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών (ΕΚΠΑ); 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/46464.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Giannou F. Αξιολόγηση μεθόδων πρόληψης της HIV λοίμωξης. [Thesis]. National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών (ΕΚΠΑ); 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/46464

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

26. Sandra Regina Rodrigues Simonetti. HIV-1: avaliação da resistência às drogas antiretrovirais em pacientes pediátricos.

Degree: PhD, 2009, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

URL: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=895 ;

► A utilização da terapia antiretroviral, atualmente mais amplamente acessível, implica na permanência da identificação da resistência viral e monitoramento da doença como itens importantes em… (more)

▼ A utilização da terapia antiretroviral, atualmente mais amplamente acessível, implica na permanência da identificação da resistência viral e monitoramento da doença como itens importantes em adultos e pacientes pediátricos infectados pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana tipo 1. Os principais marcadores da infecção por HIV-1, utilizados no monitoramento da infecção e curso da doença, são as contagens de células T CD4+ e a carga viral. Ambos são úteis como parâmetros indicadores para o início da terapia e na avaliação de sua eficácia. Além disto, a sua associação a testes de genotipagem para a identificação de mutações de resistência viral, pode auxiliar na indicação da conduta clínica mais adequada. No presente estudo, analisamos os valores da carga viral e taxas de linfócitos T CD4+ e CD8+ na avaliação do status imunológico de 25 crianças com indicação para a terapia antiretroviral, condicionando o regime terapêutico aos resultados do teste de genotipagem. A identificação dos subtipos virais foi feita por análise filogenética e a genotipagem incluiu a análise dos genes protease e transcriptase reversa do HIV-1. Dezoito amostras foram agrupadas no subtipo viral B e três no subtipo F1; cepas recombinantes também foram observadas, sendo uma BF, duas BD e uma DF. Dezoito crianças apresentaram mutações conferindo resistência viral aos inibidores da transcriptase reversa análogos de nucleosídeo e sete crianças apresentaram resistência aos inibidores não-análogos, com seis relatando resistência a nevirapina, delavirdina e efavirenz. Além disto, duas crianças, nas quais a terapia havia sido descontinuada dois a três anos antes da avaliação do teste de genotipagem, apresentaram as mutações K101E, K103N e G190A, conferindo resistência às três drogas. As mutações mais frequentes para o gene da transcriptase reversa foram observadas nos codons M41L, M184V e T215FY. Entretanto, dez crianças apresentaram relevante número de mutações de resistência viral, variando entre cinco a dez, que conferiram resistência a no mínimo quatro e até onze drogas antiretrovirais. Para o gene da protease, as mutações de resistência mais comuns foram observadas nos codons M46I, D30N e I54LV. Treze crianças apresentaram resistência viral a, no mínimo, duas e até 12 drogas. A adequação da terapia antiretroviral altamente potente (HAART), de acordo com o padrão de resistência viral, permitiu observar aumento dos valores de células T CD4+ em 12 dos 25 pacientes pediátricos, demonstrando melhoria na sua condição de imunodeficiência associada ao HIV. Decréscimos importantes da carga viral foram observados em 17 crianças, com níveis indetectáveis de RNA HIV alcançados em 13 delas, sendo 11 com linhagens virais resistentes a múltiplas drogas. O desenvolvimento de linhagens virais resistentes é uma das principais razões da falha terapêutica. Mesmo considerando outros fatores causais, tais como aderência, metabolismo e níveis adequados das drogas, a identificação do perfil de resistência viral é um importante fator na conduta para a adequação de esquemas… Advisors/Committee Members: Dirce Bonfim de Lima, Eliane Pedra Dias, Antonio Felipe Sanjuliani, José Hermógenes Rocco Suassuna, Jose Mauro Peralta, Hermann Gonçalves Schatzmayr, Jose Pascoal Simonetti.

Subjects/Keywords: DOENCAS INFECCIOSAS E PARASITARIAS; Antiretroviral drugs; Children; HIV; Resistência viral. Linfócitos T.; População pediátrica; Genotipagem do HIV-1

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Simonetti, S. R. R. (2009). HIV-1: avaliação da resistência às drogas antiretrovirais em pacientes pediátricos. (Doctoral Dissertation). Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Retrieved from http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=895 ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Simonetti, Sandra Regina Rodrigues. “HIV-1: avaliação da resistência às drogas antiretrovirais em pacientes pediátricos.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=895 ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Simonetti, Sandra Regina Rodrigues. “HIV-1: avaliação da resistência às drogas antiretrovirais em pacientes pediátricos.” 2009. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Simonetti SRR. HIV-1: avaliação da resistência às drogas antiretrovirais em pacientes pediátricos. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=895 ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Simonetti SRR. HIV-1: avaliação da resistência às drogas antiretrovirais em pacientes pediátricos. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; 2009. Available from: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=895 ;

Rhodes University

27. Mathu, Alexander Muchugia Nganga. Structural analysis of effects of mutations on HIV-1 subtype C protease active site.

Degree: Faculty of Science, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2012, Rhodes University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004073

► HIV/AIDS is a global pandemic that poses a great threat especially in Sub-Saharan Africa where the highest population of those infected with the virus is… (more)

▼ HIV/AIDS is a global pandemic that poses a great threat especially in Sub-Saharan Africa where the highest population of those infected with the virus is found. It has far reaching medical, socio-economic and scientific implications. The HIV-1 protease enzyme is a prime therapeutic target that has been exploited in an effort to reduce morbidity and mortality. However problems arise from drug toxicity and drug-resistant mutations of the protease which is a motivation for research for new, safer and effective therapies. Evidence exists to show that there are significant genomic differences in Subtype B and C that have a negative effect on the intrinsic binding of inhibitors. It is imperative to look at all perspectives from epidemiological, molecular to the pharmacological ones so as to achieve rational design of therapeutic agents. This study involved the use of in silico structural analysis of the effects of mutations in the active site. The data was provided by the National Institute of Communicable Diseases consisting of HIV-1 Subtype C protease sequences of 29 infants exhibiting drug-resistance to ritonavir and lopinavir. The major active site mutations causing drug resistance identified in this study were M46I, I54V and V82A using the Stanford HIV database tool. Homology modeling without extra restraints produced models with improved quality in comparison to those with restraints. MetaMQAPII results differed when models were visualized as dimers giving erroneous modeled regions in comparison to monomers. A broader study with a larger dataset of HIV-1 subtype C protease sequences is required to increase statistical confidence and in order to identify the pattern of drug resistant mutations. Homology modeling without extra restraints is preferred for calculating homology models for the HIV-1 subtype C. Further investigations needs to be done to ascertain the accuracy of validation results for dimers from MetaMQAPII as it is designed for evaluation of monomers.

Subjects/Keywords: HIV (Viruses) – Research; HIV infections – Treatment – Research; Protease inhibitors – Research; Viruses – Effect of drugs on – Research

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Mathu, A. M. N. (2012). Structural analysis of effects of mutations on HIV-1 subtype C protease active site. (Thesis). Rhodes University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004073

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mathu, Alexander Muchugia Nganga. “Structural analysis of effects of mutations on HIV-1 subtype C protease active site.” 2012. Thesis, Rhodes University. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004073.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mathu, Alexander Muchugia Nganga. “Structural analysis of effects of mutations on HIV-1 subtype C protease active site.” 2012. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Mathu AMN. Structural analysis of effects of mutations on HIV-1 subtype C protease active site. [Internet] [Thesis]. Rhodes University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004073.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Mathu AMN. Structural analysis of effects of mutations on HIV-1 subtype C protease active site. [Thesis]. Rhodes University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004073

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

28. Llibre Codina, Josep Maria. Clinical impact of HIV-1 resistance against nonnucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase Inhibitors. Impacte clínic de la resistència del VIH-1 als inhibidors de la transcriptassa inversa no anàlegs de nucleòsids.

Degree: Departament de Medicina, 2015, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10803/322789

► Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are popular components of antiretroviral therapy due to their efficacy and simplicity. Resistance is caused only by specific mutations at… (more)

▼ Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are popular components of antiretroviral therapy due to their efficacy and simplicity. Resistance is caused only by specific mutations at drug-resistance positions. Despite its proven efficacy, the clinical use of first-generation NNRTIs (nevirapine and efavirenz) has been limited by side effects and low barrier to resistance. To overcome these limitations, a second-generation of NNRTIs has been developed including etravirine and rilpivirine, both recently approved. Rilpivirine also depicts a low barrier to resistance development. Like nevirapine and efavirenz, complete drug resistance can arise with only one or two resistance-associated mutations (RAMs). In addition, there is a considerable degree of class cross-resistance among all NNRTIs, nearly complete between nevirapine and efavirenz, and more limited from first to second generation NNRTIs. Therefore, the knowledge of RAMs selected by first-generation NNRTIs that have a potential to impact both rilpivirine or etravirine in subsequent treatments is of paramount importance. Genotypic scores are now fully developed for all these drugs, therefore allowing resistance analyses in clinical samples and offering a unique opportunity to investigate the clinical impact of HIV-1 resistance on treatment response both in initial, salvage or simplification treatment. In this PhD thesis, we discuss the relevance of RAMs on treatment response; we pinpoint the patterns of RAMs selected at virologic failure (VF) with specific NNRTIs, and the consequent risk of failure to salvage or simplification with NNRTIs. The first chapter evaluates the effectiveness of etravirine in salvage regimens in VF recruited at four acute-care University hospitals in Barcelona. These regimens were generally well tolerated and achieved rates of virological suppression that exceed those observed in etravirine’s pivotal clinical trials, probably due to the inclusion of a higher number of active drugs in the regimens. We identified baseline CD4+ T cell count >200 cells/mm3 and use of raltegravir and darunavir as factors associated with lower treatment failure rates using a multivariate analysis. We found no relationship between prior interruption or VF with nevirapine or efavirenz and response to etravirine. The second chapter assesses the RAMs selected in subjects failing NNRTI-based treatments (with nevirapine, efavirenz or etravirine) at 22 clinics in Spain and the potential impact on rilpivirine’s activity. Rilpivirine resistance was recognized in 20% of these patients, more commonly following etravirine or nevirapine failures than efavirenz. The most prevalent rilpivirine RAMs in subjects failing other NNRTIs were Y181C, K101E/P, H221Y and E138A/G/K. E138K/M184I, the most frequently selected combination in initial treatment with rilpivirine, was absent in this treatment-experienced population. L100I and V108I were significantly more frequent in efavirenz failures. Conversely, Y181C/I, V106A, H221Y and F227L were more prevalent in… Advisors/Committee Members: [email protected] (authoremail), true (authoremailshow), true (authorsendemail).

Subjects/Keywords: VIH-1; HIV-1; Antiretrovirals; Antiretroviral drugs; Resistència al VIH; HIV-1 resistance; Ciències de la Salut; 616.9

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Llibre Codina, J. M. (2015). Clinical impact of HIV-1 resistance against nonnucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase Inhibitors. Impacte clínic de la resistència del VIH-1 als inhibidors de la transcriptassa inversa no anàlegs de nucleòsids. (Thesis). Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10803/322789

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Llibre Codina, Josep Maria. “Clinical impact of HIV-1 resistance against nonnucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase Inhibitors. Impacte clínic de la resistència del VIH-1 als inhibidors de la transcriptassa inversa no anàlegs de nucleòsids.” 2015. Thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/322789.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Llibre Codina, Josep Maria. “Clinical impact of HIV-1 resistance against nonnucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase Inhibitors. Impacte clínic de la resistència del VIH-1 als inhibidors de la transcriptassa inversa no anàlegs de nucleòsids.” 2015. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Llibre Codina JM. Clinical impact of HIV-1 resistance against nonnucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase Inhibitors. Impacte clínic de la resistència del VIH-1 als inhibidors de la transcriptassa inversa no anàlegs de nucleòsids. [Internet] [Thesis]. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10803/322789.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Llibre Codina JM. Clinical impact of HIV-1 resistance against nonnucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase Inhibitors. Impacte clínic de la resistència del VIH-1 als inhibidors de la transcriptassa inversa no anàlegs de nucleòsids. [Thesis]. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10803/322789

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Florida

29. Mannes, Zachary L. Loneliness and Substance Use Gender Differences among HIV-Positive Black/African Adults 50 and Older.

Degree: MS, Psychology - Clinical and Health Psychology, 2016, University of Florida

URL: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0050000

► The purpose of the current study is to examine the association of loneliness, substance use, and gender among HIV-positive Black/African American adults 50 and older.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: AIDS; Alcohols; Disease risks; HIV; Loneliness; Older adults; Psychology; Referents; Social psychology; Women; drinking – drugs – gender – hiv – loneliness

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Mannes, Z. L. (2016). Loneliness and Substance Use Gender Differences among HIV-Positive Black/African Adults 50 and Older. (Masters Thesis). University of Florida. Retrieved from https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0050000

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mannes, Zachary L. “Loneliness and Substance Use Gender Differences among HIV-Positive Black/African Adults 50 and Older.” 2016. Masters Thesis, University of Florida. Accessed January 26, 2021. https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0050000.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mannes, Zachary L. “Loneliness and Substance Use Gender Differences among HIV-Positive Black/African Adults 50 and Older.” 2016. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Mannes ZL. Loneliness and Substance Use Gender Differences among HIV-Positive Black/African Adults 50 and Older. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Florida; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0050000.

Council of Science Editors:

Mannes ZL. Loneliness and Substance Use Gender Differences among HIV-Positive Black/African Adults 50 and Older. [Masters Thesis]. University of Florida; 2016. Available from: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0050000

University of Zambia

30. Chisanga, G.Mukuka. Access to HIV and AIDS information by learners with hearing impairments in selected basic Schools in Central and Northern provinces .

Degree: 2011, University of Zambia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/955

► The study aimed at ascertaining the extent to which learners with hearing impairments accessed information on HIV and AIDS in selected basic schools in Central… (more)

▼ The study aimed at ascertaining the extent to which learners with hearing impairments accessed information on HIV and AIDS in selected basic schools in Central and Northern Provinces of Zambia. The specific objectives were to determine the extent to which learners with hearing impairments accessed HIV and AIDS information and identify factors hindering hearing impaired learners from accessing HIV and AIDS information in basic schools; and consequently find ways of increasing access to HIV and AIDS information for learners with hearing impairments in basic schools The study followed a descriptive research design. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed. The sample comprised 54 respondents, comprising 24 teachers of learners with hearing impairments and 30 hearing impaired learners who were purposively selected. Thus, 8 teachers of learners with hearing impairments and 10 hearing impairment learners were drawn from each of the following basic schools: Bowa, Lukolo and Chikandama. Data were collected using a set of questionnaires and Focus Group Discussions. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse quantitative data while qualitative data obtained through Focus Group Discussions was analysed by coding and grouping the emerging themes. The research findings showed that learners accessed HIV and AIDS information through drama, HIV and AIDS talks during school assembly and through class lessons, since HIV and AIDS issues are integrated in all the subjects taught. The study showed access to HIV and AIDS information was hampered by lack of reading books in sign language, low reading levels among learners and their negative reaction to topics of sex and HIV and AIDS education. Teachers too were not trained in teaching HIV and AIDS education. There were also accusations that teachers promoted promiscuity among learners. Most of the teachers (80%) said communication barrier significantly hindered hearing impaired learners from accessing HIV and AIDS information in schools. The research findings also revealed that access to HIV and AIDS information could increase by using videos on HIV and AIDS, conducting workshops for the hearing impaired learners, the presence of sign language interpreters in schools may also help and the formation of HIV and AIDS education peer groups for hearing impaired learners. Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations were made: The Ministry of Education should train more specialized teachers to teach HIV and AIDS related issues in sign language; embark on printing materials in sign language; and should also come up with a policy regarding teaching of sign language in schools to all teachers and learners in basic schools. All television programmes on HIV and AIDS should be interpreted in sign language. Schools should facilitate the formation of HIV and AIDS education peer groups among hearing impaired learners and provide the necessary materials on HIV and AIDS in formats accessible to hearing impaired learners in a…

Subjects/Keywords: Aids(disease) – Access – drugs – Zambia; Educational sociology – Zambia; Hearing impaired – education – HIV and AIDS-Zambia

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Chisanga, G. M. (2011). Access to HIV and AIDS information by learners with hearing impairments in selected basic Schools in Central and Northern provinces . (Thesis). University of Zambia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/955

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chisanga, G Mukuka. “Access to HIV and AIDS information by learners with hearing impairments in selected basic Schools in Central and Northern provinces .” 2011. Thesis, University of Zambia. Accessed January 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/955.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chisanga, G Mukuka. “Access to HIV and AIDS information by learners with hearing impairments in selected basic Schools in Central and Northern provinces .” 2011. Web. 26 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Chisanga GM. Access to HIV and AIDS information by learners with hearing impairments in selected basic Schools in Central and Northern provinces . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Zambia; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/955.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Chisanga GM. Access to HIV and AIDS information by learners with hearing impairments in selected basic Schools in Central and Northern provinces . [Thesis]. University of Zambia; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/955

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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Open Access Theses and Dissertations