subject:(HIV Viruses )

University of KwaZulu-Natal

1. [No author]. Mannose-rich glycosylation patterns on HIV-1 subtype C gp120 and sensitivity to the lectins, Griffithsin, Cyanovirin-N and Scytovirin.

Degree: 2010, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2010.03.021

► Griffithsin (GRFT), Cyanovirin-N (CV-N) and Scytovirin (SVN) are lectins that inhibit HIV-1 infection by binding to multiple mannose-rich glycans on the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env).… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: HIV (Viruses)

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APA (6^th Edition):

author], [. (2010). Mannose-rich glycosylation patterns on HIV-1 subtype C gp120 and sensitivity to the lectins, Griffithsin, Cyanovirin-N and Scytovirin. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2010.03.021

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

author], [No. “Mannose-rich glycosylation patterns on HIV-1 subtype C gp120 and sensitivity to the lectins, Griffithsin, Cyanovirin-N and Scytovirin. ” 2010. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed September 22, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2010.03.021.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

author], [No. “Mannose-rich glycosylation patterns on HIV-1 subtype C gp120 and sensitivity to the lectins, Griffithsin, Cyanovirin-N and Scytovirin. ” 2010. Web. 22 Sep 2019.

Vancouver:

author] [. Mannose-rich glycosylation patterns on HIV-1 subtype C gp120 and sensitivity to the lectins, Griffithsin, Cyanovirin-N and Scytovirin. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2010. [cited 2019 Sep 22]. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2010.03.021.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

author] [. Mannose-rich glycosylation patterns on HIV-1 subtype C gp120 and sensitivity to the lectins, Griffithsin, Cyanovirin-N and Scytovirin. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2010. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2010.03.021

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of KwaZulu-Natal

2. Ndung'u, Thumbi. APOBEC3G expression is dysregulated in primary HIV-1 infection and polymorphic variants influence CD4R T-cell counts and plasma viral load.

Degree: 2008, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8036

► Objectives: In the absence of HIV-1 virion infectivity factor (Vif), cellular cytosine deaminases such as apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3G (APOBEC3G) inhibit the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: HIV infections – Virology.; HIV (Viruses)

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ndung'u, T. (2008). APOBEC3G expression is dysregulated in primary HIV-1 infection and polymorphic variants influence CD4R T-cell counts and plasma viral load. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8036

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ndung'u, Thumbi. “APOBEC3G expression is dysregulated in primary HIV-1 infection and polymorphic variants influence CD4R T-cell counts and plasma viral load.” 2008. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed September 22, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8036.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ndung'u, Thumbi. “APOBEC3G expression is dysregulated in primary HIV-1 infection and polymorphic variants influence CD4R T-cell counts and plasma viral load.” 2008. Web. 22 Sep 2019.

Vancouver:

Ndung'u T. APOBEC3G expression is dysregulated in primary HIV-1 infection and polymorphic variants influence CD4R T-cell counts and plasma viral load. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2008. [cited 2019 Sep 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8036.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ndung'u T. APOBEC3G expression is dysregulated in primary HIV-1 infection and polymorphic variants influence CD4R T-cell counts and plasma viral load. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8036

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of KwaZulu-Natal

3. Golding, Hana. HIV-Selectest enzyme immunoassay and rapid test: ability to detect seroconversion following HIV-1 infection.

Degree: 2010, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8031

► HIV-Selectest is a serodiagnostic enzyme immunoassay (EIA), containing p6 and gp41 peptides, designed to differentiate between vaccine-induced antibodies and true infections. A rapid test version… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: HIV (Viruses); HIV infections – Immunology.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Golding, H. (2010). HIV-Selectest enzyme immunoassay and rapid test: ability to detect seroconversion following HIV-1 infection. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8031

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Golding, Hana. “HIV-Selectest enzyme immunoassay and rapid test: ability to detect seroconversion following HIV-1 infection.” 2010. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed September 22, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8031.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Golding, Hana. “HIV-Selectest enzyme immunoassay and rapid test: ability to detect seroconversion following HIV-1 infection.” 2010. Web. 22 Sep 2019.

Vancouver:

Golding H. HIV-Selectest enzyme immunoassay and rapid test: ability to detect seroconversion following HIV-1 infection. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2010. [cited 2019 Sep 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8031.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Golding H. HIV-Selectest enzyme immunoassay and rapid test: ability to detect seroconversion following HIV-1 infection. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8031

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of KwaZulu-Natal

4. [No author]. APOBEC3G expression is dysregulated in primary HIV-1 infection and polymorphic variants influence CD4R T-cell counts and plasma viral load.

Degree: 2008, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283353bba

► Objectives: In the absence of HIV-1 virion infectivity factor (Vif), cellular cytosine deaminases such as apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3G (APOBEC3G) inhibit the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: HIV infections – Virology.; HIV (Viruses)

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

author], [. (2008). APOBEC3G expression is dysregulated in primary HIV-1 infection and polymorphic variants influence CD4R T-cell counts and plasma viral load. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283353bba

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

author], [No. “APOBEC3G expression is dysregulated in primary HIV-1 infection and polymorphic variants influence CD4R T-cell counts and plasma viral load. ” 2008. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed September 22, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283353bba.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

author], [No. “APOBEC3G expression is dysregulated in primary HIV-1 infection and polymorphic variants influence CD4R T-cell counts and plasma viral load. ” 2008. Web. 22 Sep 2019.

Vancouver:

author] [. APOBEC3G expression is dysregulated in primary HIV-1 infection and polymorphic variants influence CD4R T-cell counts and plasma viral load. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2008. [cited 2019 Sep 22]. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283353bba.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

author] [. APOBEC3G expression is dysregulated in primary HIV-1 infection and polymorphic variants influence CD4R T-cell counts and plasma viral load. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2008. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283353bba

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of KwaZulu-Natal

5. [No author]. HIV-Selectest enzyme immunoassay and rapid test: ability to detect seroconversion following HIV-1 infection.

Degree: 2010, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01573-09

► HIV-Selectest is a serodiagnostic enzyme immunoassay (EIA), containing p6 and gp41 peptides, designed to differentiate between vaccine-induced antibodies and true infections. A rapid test version… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: HIV (Viruses); HIV infections – Immunology.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

author], [. (2010). HIV-Selectest enzyme immunoassay and rapid test: ability to detect seroconversion following HIV-1 infection. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01573-09

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

author], [No. “HIV-Selectest enzyme immunoassay and rapid test: ability to detect seroconversion following HIV-1 infection. ” 2010. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed September 22, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01573-09.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

author], [No. “HIV-Selectest enzyme immunoassay and rapid test: ability to detect seroconversion following HIV-1 infection. ” 2010. Web. 22 Sep 2019.

Vancouver:

author] [. HIV-Selectest enzyme immunoassay and rapid test: ability to detect seroconversion following HIV-1 infection. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2010. [cited 2019 Sep 22]. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01573-09.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

author] [. HIV-Selectest enzyme immunoassay and rapid test: ability to detect seroconversion following HIV-1 infection. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2010. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01573-09

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of KwaZulu-Natal

6. [No author]. Plasma cytokine levels during acute HIV-1 infection predict HIV disease progression.

Degree: 2010, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283367836

► Background: Both T-cell activation during early HIV-1 infection and soluble markers of immune activation during chronic infection are predictive of HIV disease progression. Although the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: HIV (Viruses); HIV infections.

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APA (6^th Edition):

author], [. (2010). Plasma cytokine levels during acute HIV-1 infection predict HIV disease progression. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283367836

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

author], [No. “Plasma cytokine levels during acute HIV-1 infection predict HIV disease progression. ” 2010. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed September 22, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283367836.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

author], [No. “Plasma cytokine levels during acute HIV-1 infection predict HIV disease progression. ” 2010. Web. 22 Sep 2019.

Vancouver:

author] [. Plasma cytokine levels during acute HIV-1 infection predict HIV disease progression. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2010. [cited 2019 Sep 22]. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283367836.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

author] [. Plasma cytokine levels during acute HIV-1 infection predict HIV disease progression. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2010. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283367836

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of KwaZulu-Natal

7. Naidoo, Anneta Frances. The epidemiology of dual HIV infection in the KwaZulu-Natal Anti-Retroviral Roll-out Programme.

Degree: M.Med.Sc., Virology, 2007, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2973

► KwaZulu-Natal has the highest prevalence of HIV in South Africa. The prevalence of dual infection in a normal-risk population in this region is unknown. Dual… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Virology.; HIV (Viruses)

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APA (6^th Edition):

Naidoo, A. F. (2007). The epidemiology of dual HIV infection in the KwaZulu-Natal Anti-Retroviral Roll-out Programme. (Masters Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2973

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Naidoo, Anneta Frances. “The epidemiology of dual HIV infection in the KwaZulu-Natal Anti-Retroviral Roll-out Programme.” 2007. Masters Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed September 22, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2973.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Naidoo, Anneta Frances. “The epidemiology of dual HIV infection in the KwaZulu-Natal Anti-Retroviral Roll-out Programme.” 2007. Web. 22 Sep 2019.

Vancouver:

Naidoo AF. The epidemiology of dual HIV infection in the KwaZulu-Natal Anti-Retroviral Roll-out Programme. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2007. [cited 2019 Sep 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2973.

Council of Science Editors:

Naidoo AF. The epidemiology of dual HIV infection in the KwaZulu-Natal Anti-Retroviral Roll-out Programme. [Masters Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2007. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2973

University of Utah

8. Shi, Yu. Mechanism of HIV entry: surface stiffnes and steric defense.

Degree: MS;, Biochemistry;, 2007, University of Utah

URL: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd2/id/1932/rec/743

► HIV undergoes a maturation process required for infectivity after leaving the cell. Significant internal morphological rearrangements occur during the maturation process, converting the immature HIV… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: HIV (Viruses); Etiology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Shi, Y. (2007). Mechanism of HIV entry: surface stiffnes and steric defense. (Masters Thesis). University of Utah. Retrieved from http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd2/id/1932/rec/743

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Shi, Yu. “Mechanism of HIV entry: surface stiffnes and steric defense.” 2007. Masters Thesis, University of Utah. Accessed September 22, 2019. http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd2/id/1932/rec/743.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Shi, Yu. “Mechanism of HIV entry: surface stiffnes and steric defense.” 2007. Web. 22 Sep 2019.

Vancouver:

Shi Y. Mechanism of HIV entry: surface stiffnes and steric defense. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Utah; 2007. [cited 2019 Sep 22]. Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd2/id/1932/rec/743.

Council of Science Editors:

Shi Y. Mechanism of HIV entry: surface stiffnes and steric defense. [Masters Thesis]. University of Utah; 2007. Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd2/id/1932/rec/743

University of Hong Kong

9. 陳勵儀; Chan, Lai-yee, Lally. Interactions of human immunodeficiency virus-1 and mycobacteria result in dysregulation of immune response and enhancement of mycobacterial growth.

Degree: PhD, 2015, University of Hong Kong

URL: Chan, L. L. [陳勵儀]. (2015). Interactions of human immunodeficiency virus-1 and mycobacteria result in dysregulation of immune response and enhancement of mycobacterial growth. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5576765 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/221090

► Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the leading cause of death, threatening nearly 33 million people who are living with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) worldwide. HIV-1… (more)

▼ Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the leading cause of death, threatening nearly 33 million people who are living with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) worldwide. HIV-1 cripples the immune defense by dysregulating various cytokines that causes the host to be more susceptible to opportunistic infections by pathogens such as mycobacteria. In response to infections, the host’s immunity releases cytokines to establish a strong immune network for pathogen eradication. Previous research from our laboratory demonstrated that IL-10 is hyperinduced by viral infection. That means the immune defense is taken advantage of by the pathogen and turned into its own immunity evasion strategy. Here, the mechanism of IL-10 dysregulation was investigated to demonstrate how HIV-1 perturbs the immune response. I hypothesize that IL-10 interferes with the IFN-γ-induced cell surface molecule of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) in primary human blood macrophages. My data showed that the suppressive effect of IL-10 on IFN-γ-induced MHC-II surface expression was independent of both JAK2/STAT1 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Upon further investigation, IFN-γ-induced expression of cathepsin S protein, a protease which participates in antigen processing, was demonstrated to be inhibited by IL-10. Following knock-down of STAT3 with its specific siRNA, the expressions of IFN-γ-induced surface MHC-II antigens and cathepsin S levels were restored, even in the presence of IL-10. Thus, IL-10 exerts its immunosuppressive effects by its primary mediator STAT3 on MHC-II antigen presentation, which may occur via the inhibition of cathepsin S expression. With the emergence of HIV-1 infection, the number of Tuberculosis (TB) cases has increased tremendously. The crisis of co-infection of HIV-1 and TB exacerbates the global and economic threat than ever. Thus, I hypothesize that HIV-1 may play a role in promoting the mycobacterial intracellular growth. My data showed that HIV-1 Tat enhanced M. avium intracellular growth in primary human blood macrophages, which was dependent on extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), but not p38MAPK. Different cellular defense mechanisms were shown to be perturbed by HIV-1 Tat to enhance M. avium growth. The inhibitory effect of HIV-1 Tat on TNF-α is potentially beneficial to M. avium growth as TNF-α is known to elicit anti-mycobacterial responses. For example, the expression of TNF-α plays a role in inducing autophagy. My data has also demonstrated that HIV-1 Tat suppressed M. avium-induced LC3B and -activated vacuolar H+-ATPase (v-H+-ATPase) protein expression. This suppressive effect of HIV-1 Tat on these two cellular defense mechanisms was shown to be dependent on ERK1/2 signaling. Taken together, HIV-1 induces IL-10 to exert immunosuppressive effect on perturbing antigen presentation via inhibition of cathepsin S expression. HIV-1 Tat in turn enhances mycobacterial growth, which was dependent on ERK1/2 signaling, by downregulating phagosome acidification and…

Subjects/Keywords: Mycobacteria; HIV (Viruses)

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APA (6^th Edition):

陳勵儀; Chan, Lai-yee, L. (2015). Interactions of human immunodeficiency virus-1 and mycobacteria result in dysregulation of immune response and enhancement of mycobacterial growth. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Hong Kong. Retrieved from Chan, L. L. [陳勵儀]. (2015). Interactions of human immunodeficiency virus-1 and mycobacteria result in dysregulation of immune response and enhancement of mycobacterial growth. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5576765 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/221090

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

陳勵儀; Chan, Lai-yee, Lally. “Interactions of human immunodeficiency virus-1 and mycobacteria result in dysregulation of immune response and enhancement of mycobacterial growth.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Hong Kong. Accessed September 22, 2019. Chan, L. L. [陳勵儀]. (2015). Interactions of human immunodeficiency virus-1 and mycobacteria result in dysregulation of immune response and enhancement of mycobacterial growth. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5576765 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/221090.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

陳勵儀; Chan, Lai-yee, Lally. “Interactions of human immunodeficiency virus-1 and mycobacteria result in dysregulation of immune response and enhancement of mycobacterial growth.” 2015. Web. 22 Sep 2019.

Vancouver:

陳勵儀; Chan, Lai-yee L. Interactions of human immunodeficiency virus-1 and mycobacteria result in dysregulation of immune response and enhancement of mycobacterial growth. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Hong Kong; 2015. [cited 2019 Sep 22]. Available from: Chan, L. L. [陳勵儀]. (2015). Interactions of human immunodeficiency virus-1 and mycobacteria result in dysregulation of immune response and enhancement of mycobacterial growth. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5576765 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/221090.

Council of Science Editors:

陳勵儀; Chan, Lai-yee L. Interactions of human immunodeficiency virus-1 and mycobacteria result in dysregulation of immune response and enhancement of mycobacterial growth. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Hong Kong; 2015. Available from: Chan, L. L. [陳勵儀]. (2015). Interactions of human immunodeficiency virus-1 and mycobacteria result in dysregulation of immune response and enhancement of mycobacterial growth. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5576765 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/221090

Rhodes University

10. Sekgota, Khethobole Cassius. Design, development and evaluation of novel lead compounds as HIV-1 enzyme inhibitors.

Degree: MS, Faculty of Science, Chemistry, 2015, Rhodes University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017926

► This project has been concerned with the application of the Baylis-Hillman methodology to the synthesis of medicinally important diketo acid analogues (cinnamate ester-AZT conjugates and… (more)

▼ This project has been concerned with the application of the Baylis-Hillman methodology to the synthesis of medicinally important diketo acid analogues (cinnamate ester-AZT conjugates and 3-hydroxy ester-AZT conjugates) as dual-action HIV-1 IN/RT inhibitors; and on exploratory studies in the preparation of 3-(amidomethyl)-(1H)-2-quinolones as PR inhibitors; and (1H)-2- quinolone-AZT conjugates as dual action IN/RT inhibitors. A series of Baylis-Hillman adducts has been prepared, typically in moderate to excellent yield, by reacting 2-nitrobenzaldehyde with methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate and methyl vinyl ketone in the presence of 1,4- diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO). Subsequently, various transformations that include conjugate addition of primary and secondary amines to the α,ß-unsaturated moiety to obtain 2- (aminomethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(2-nitrophenyl)propanoate derivatives, effective SN2´ substitution of the BH ß-hydroxy by a Vilsmeier-Haack in situ-generated chloride to afford Baylis-Hillman allyl chlorides, iron in acetic acid-catalyzed cyclisation to 3-acetoxymethyl-(1H)-2-quinolone derivatives were achieved. Thus, using the Baylis-Hillman methodology, two nuanced classes of diketo acid analogues were constructed. These involved conjugating appropriate propargylamine derivatives with AZT using the „click‟ reaction. In an exploratory study, the quinolone derivative, precisely 3-acetoxymethyl- (1H)-quinol-2-one, was transformed into 3-hydroxymethyl-(1H)-quinol-2-one using potassium carbonate in a mixture of methanol and water (1:1). Following successful hydrolysis, the resulting alcohol was transformed to the corresponding chloride, 3-chloromethyl-(1H)-quinol-2- one, using thionyl chloride. Subsequent nucleophilic substitution afforded 3-(aminomethyl)- (1H)-2-quinolone derivatives which were subsequently transformed to 3-(amidomethyl)-(1H)-2- quinolones; and 3-[(propargylamino)-methyl]-(1H)-quinol-2-one as precursors to quinolone- AZT derivatives. All compounds were characterized by NMR, IR, and where appropriate, high resolution MS Advisors/Committee Members: Kaye, Perry T., Klein, Rosalyn.

Subjects/Keywords: Enzyme inhibitors; Viruses – Reproduction; HIV (Viruses)

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Sekgota, K. C. (2015). Design, development and evaluation of novel lead compounds as HIV-1 enzyme inhibitors. (Masters Thesis). Rhodes University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017926

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sekgota, Khethobole Cassius. “Design, development and evaluation of novel lead compounds as HIV-1 enzyme inhibitors.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Rhodes University. Accessed September 22, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017926.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sekgota, Khethobole Cassius. “Design, development and evaluation of novel lead compounds as HIV-1 enzyme inhibitors.” 2015. Web. 22 Sep 2019.

Vancouver:

Sekgota KC. Design, development and evaluation of novel lead compounds as HIV-1 enzyme inhibitors. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Rhodes University; 2015. [cited 2019 Sep 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017926.

Council of Science Editors:

Sekgota KC. Design, development and evaluation of novel lead compounds as HIV-1 enzyme inhibitors. [Masters Thesis]. Rhodes University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017926

University of KwaZulu-Natal

11. Morris, Lynn. Broad neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mediated by plasma antibodies against the gp41 membrane proximal external region.

Degree: 2009, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9329

► We identified three cross-neutralizing plasma samples with high-titer anti-membrane proximal external region (MPER) peptide binding antibodies from among 156 chronically human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: HIV (Viruses) – Analysis.; HIV (Viruses) – Research.; HIV antibodies.; AIDS vaccines – Research.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Morris, L. (2009). Broad neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mediated by plasma antibodies against the gp41 membrane proximal external region. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9329

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Morris, Lynn. “Broad neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mediated by plasma antibodies against the gp41 membrane proximal external region.” 2009. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed September 22, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9329.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Morris, Lynn. “Broad neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mediated by plasma antibodies against the gp41 membrane proximal external region.” 2009. Web. 22 Sep 2019.

Vancouver:

Morris L. Broad neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mediated by plasma antibodies against the gp41 membrane proximal external region. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2009. [cited 2019 Sep 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9329.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Morris L. Broad neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mediated by plasma antibodies against the gp41 membrane proximal external region. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9329

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of KwaZulu-Natal

12. [No author]. Broad neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mediated by plasma antibodies against the gp41 membrane proximal external region.

Degree: 2009, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01359-09

► We identified three cross-neutralizing plasma samples with high-titer anti-membrane proximal external region (MPER) peptide binding antibodies from among 156 chronically human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: HIV (Viruses) – Analysis.; HIV (Viruses) – Research.; HIV antibodies.; AIDS vaccines – Research.

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APA (6^th Edition):

author], [. (2009). Broad neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mediated by plasma antibodies against the gp41 membrane proximal external region. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01359-09

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

author], [No. “Broad neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mediated by plasma antibodies against the gp41 membrane proximal external region. ” 2009. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed September 22, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01359-09.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

author], [No. “Broad neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mediated by plasma antibodies against the gp41 membrane proximal external region. ” 2009. Web. 22 Sep 2019.

Vancouver:

author] [. Broad neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mediated by plasma antibodies against the gp41 membrane proximal external region. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2009. [cited 2019 Sep 22]. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01359-09.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

author] [. Broad neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mediated by plasma antibodies against the gp41 membrane proximal external region. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2009. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01359-09

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Nairobi

13. Sule, Andrew Juma. Lymphadenopathy in HIV infected adults at Kenyatta National Hospital .

Degree: 2003, University of Nairobi

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11295/6348

► Objective: To determine the aetiology of lymphadenopathy in HIV/AIDS patients at Kenyatta National Hospital. ** Design: Cross sectional descriptive study with aonsecutive sampling. ** Setting:… (more)

▼ Objective: To determine the aetiology of lymphadenopathy in HIV/AIDS patients at Kenyatta National Hospital. ** Design: Cross sectional descriptive study with aonsecutive sampling. ** Setting: Medical out-patient clinics and the medical wards at Kenyatta National Hospital, between May 1993 and April 1994 Period. ** Methods: Consecutive patients with significant palpable lymphadenopathy who were HIV positive aware of their status and consented were evaluated. Clinical evaluation was done especially for evidence of fever, aneamia, Jaundice, wasting and oral thrush. Total blood count and CD4/CD8 counts were done on each patient. An accessible lymph node was identified and excision biopsy done under local anaesthesia. The lymph node specimen was sent for histologic examination. Outcome Measures: Lymph node histology, CD4 counts, and haematological parameters (Haemoglobin, total white cell count and platelets). ** Results: One hundred patients satisfied the inclusion criteria but only 71 had lymph node biopsy done. Forty (40%) males and 31 (31%) females were included, with age range of 16-67 uears. The population mean age was 33.6 12.7 years. The male female ration was 1.3:1. The cervical region was the commonest site of lymphadenopathy, found in 83.1% of the cases. Tuberculous adenitis occurred in 80.3% of the cases and was the commonest cause of lymphadenopathy. Other causes included, reactive adenitis (11.03%), Kaposi's sarcoma4.2%,High grade Lymphoma 2.8% and polyarteritis nodosa 1.4%. Compared to malignant causes, TB adenitis occurred at a seemingly low CD4 cell count of 141 186 Imlcompared to patients with High grade Lymphoma 35017/ml. Conclusion: Tuberculosis adenitis is the main .cause of lymphadenopathy in HIV IAIDS patients with significantly enlarged lymph nodes at Kenyatta National Hospital. TB adenitis also occurs at a fairly low CD4 count in this population consistent with AIDS defining illness. Malignant causes of lymphadenopathy were found to be rare in patients in this study.

Subjects/Keywords: HIV(viruses)

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sule, A. J. (2003). Lymphadenopathy in HIV infected adults at Kenyatta National Hospital . (Thesis). University of Nairobi. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11295/6348

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sule, Andrew Juma. “Lymphadenopathy in HIV infected adults at Kenyatta National Hospital .” 2003. Thesis, University of Nairobi. Accessed September 22, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11295/6348.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sule, Andrew Juma. “Lymphadenopathy in HIV infected adults at Kenyatta National Hospital .” 2003. Web. 22 Sep 2019.

Vancouver:

Sule AJ. Lymphadenopathy in HIV infected adults at Kenyatta National Hospital . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Nairobi; 2003. [cited 2019 Sep 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11295/6348.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Sule AJ. Lymphadenopathy in HIV infected adults at Kenyatta National Hospital . [Thesis]. University of Nairobi; 2003. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11295/6348

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Zambia

14. Munachaka, Jonathan C. Teachers' vulnerability to HIV/AIDS infection : The case of Lusaka District .

Degree: 2011, University of Zambia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/462

► The sexual transmission of HIV continues at an alarming rate in sub-Saharan Africa despite high knowledge levels of HIV/AIDS. Some factors such as socio-economic, culture,… (more)

▼ The sexual transmission of HIV continues at an alarming rate in sub-Saharan Africa despite high knowledge levels of HIV/AIDS. Some factors such as socio-economic, culture, attitudes, communication and perception of risk to HIV may be responsible for engaging in risk sexual behaviors. A cross sectional descriptive qualitative study of "Teachers' Vulnerability to HIV/AIDS Infection: The Case of Lusaka District", involving 300 government school teachers, was carried out. This study was carried out in Lusaka District from October to December 2003. Questionnaires, FGDs, interview and observations were used to collect data. For the purpose of this study a convenient sample of 300 teachers was used to select the teachers from 14 schools situated in the Lusaka District. The study sought to determine the factors that make teachers vulnerable to HIV/AIDS infection; establish the gender difference to HIV/AIDS infection; and suggest interventions on how to fight, prevent and control it. The findings show that the subjects had high level of knowledge on HIV/AIDS,though this did not motivate behaviour change as evidenced by low use of condoms by the subjects. For instance, only 27.7% used condoms. Only 10.3% of those who used condoms used them consistently. Some could not use them because of their religious beliefs and lack of enjoyment during their use. Almost one-half (47%) of the respondents believed that condoms were porous and could allow the virus to pass and infect the sexual partner. Others believed that AIDS could be cured by herbal medicine and prayers.Misconceptions about the mode of transmission of HIV were also reported by the respondents such as that HIV is spread by mosquito bites, witchcraft, use of the same cup with the infected and condom lubricant. There were no significant workplace programmes for teachers found at schools. Apart from the teacher co-ordinators of pupils' Anti-AIDS clubs, there was no teacher involvement in such clubs. Condoms (male) were only dispersed at one school by a head teacher and most of the teachers reported that they were mostly and usually shy to collect them from their boss.Teachers' AIDS awareness workshops and seminars were irregular and often conducted by the NGOs to very few selected teachers due to high costs involved in organising such trainings. Those teachers who were suspected of suffering from AIDS were not likely to be promoted or recommended because they were seen not to perform.The study revealed that multiple partnership and sex with non-regular partners, including pupils (72%), prevailed among teachers thereby exposing them, both teachers and pupils, to the risk of HIV infection. The fact that almost one-quarter of teachers were single raised concern of their increased risk of HIV infection as they would be in unsteady sexual relationships.The majority (63%) of the respondents did not know their HIV status. Despite the fact that 32% of the respondents claimed that they were negative, no one reported to be positive while 42% and 49.3% reported that…

Subjects/Keywords: HIV infections; Viruses- - Infections

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APA (6^th Edition):

Munachaka, J. C. (2011). Teachers' vulnerability to HIV/AIDS infection : The case of Lusaka District . (Thesis). University of Zambia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/462

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Munachaka, Jonathan C. “Teachers' vulnerability to HIV/AIDS infection : The case of Lusaka District .” 2011. Thesis, University of Zambia. Accessed September 22, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/462.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Munachaka, Jonathan C. “Teachers' vulnerability to HIV/AIDS infection : The case of Lusaka District .” 2011. Web. 22 Sep 2019.

Vancouver:

Munachaka JC. Teachers' vulnerability to HIV/AIDS infection : The case of Lusaka District . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Zambia; 2011. [cited 2019 Sep 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/462.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Munachaka JC. Teachers' vulnerability to HIV/AIDS infection : The case of Lusaka District . [Thesis]. University of Zambia; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/462

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Alberta

15. Chen, Chih-hsiung. The differential apoptotic effects of Vpr and Vpx of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses in mammalian cells.

Degree: MS, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 1998, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/5138jh111

Subjects/Keywords: HIV (Viruses)

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chen, C. (1998). The differential apoptotic effects of Vpr and Vpx of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses in mammalian cells. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/5138jh111

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chen, Chih-hsiung. “The differential apoptotic effects of Vpr and Vpx of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses in mammalian cells.” 1998. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed September 22, 2019. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/5138jh111.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chen, Chih-hsiung. “The differential apoptotic effects of Vpr and Vpx of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses in mammalian cells.” 1998. Web. 22 Sep 2019.

Vancouver:

Chen C. The differential apoptotic effects of Vpr and Vpx of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses in mammalian cells. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 1998. [cited 2019 Sep 22]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/5138jh111.

Council of Science Editors:

Chen C. The differential apoptotic effects of Vpr and Vpx of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses in mammalian cells. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 1998. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/5138jh111

University of Hong Kong

16. Lu, Shiqiang. Identification and in vitro affinity maturation of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein-specific early intermediate B cells isolated from immortalized human naïve B cell library.

Degree: PhD, 2015, University of Hong Kong

URL: Lu, S. [卢士強]. (2015). Identification and in vitro affinity maturation of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein-specific early intermediate B cells isolated from immortalized human naïve B cell library. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5731092 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/224656

► Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against HIV-1 have been increasingly isolated since 2009. The therapeutic and prophylactic values of bNAbs have been well recognized because these… (more)

▼ Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against HIV-1 have been increasingly isolated since 2009. The therapeutic and prophylactic values of bNAbs have been well recognized because these antibodies confer full protection in animal models at relatively low concentrations that are achievable by vaccination. However, the development of effective vaccines to induce such antibodies remains a challenge. The bNAbs are highly mutated and often polyreactive. Moreover, the inferred germline antibodies of known bNAbs do not bind recombinant HIV-1 envelopes (Env). Based on these findings, we hypothesized that naïve B cells were activated by non-HIV-1 immunogens, which triggered the initial somatic mutations of germline antibody genes. The limited mutations authorized the B cells (intermediate B cells) the ability to bind HIV-1 envelopes. Upon HIV-1 infection or vaccination with Envs, antibody affinity maturation would be further induced, leading to the development of bNAbs. Although HIV-1 intermediate antibodies have recently been isolated from health donors, information about the statute of HIV-1 intermediate B cells in vivo is rare. The main objective of this study is to isolate HIV-1 intermediate B cells from healthy donors followed by characterization and in vitro maturation of the isolated intermediate B cells. A highly efficient EBV transformation method was used to immortalize purified naïve B cells from healthy donors. The enrichment of HIV-1 envelope-specific B cells was observed after panning of library with magnetic beads. An HIV-1intermediate B cell line (LCL-P4) was generated which acquired the germinal center-like B cell phenotype, but did not express AID, an enzyme responsible for the initiation of somatic hypermutation in germinal center B cells. Interestingly, the variable region of LCL-P4 heavy chain shares the same VDJ recombination as PG16, a known HIV-1 bNAbs, according to IMGT analysis. Similar to PG16, LCL-P4 also shows preferential binding with gp140 trimers to gp120 or gp41 monomer. This paper is the first report of an HIV-1 intermediate B cell line generated by panning EBV-immortalized naïve B cell libraries. To study the in vitro maturation of identified HIV-1 intermediate B cells, a full-length human antibody display platform was established by constructing two lentiviral expression plasmids with distinct antibiotic-resistant genes for the co-expression of IgH and IgLon mammalian cell surface. All the necessary gene fragments encoding the full-length IgG1, except the variable regions, were cloned to the two plasmids. Using a known bNAb b12 as a model Ab, an in vitro antibody affinity maturation system was further developed based on AID-induced somatic hypermutation. AID-induced mutations could be detected in both B and non-B cells. An HcRed reverse assay was conducted, which enabled the early detection of AID-induced mutations. This full-length human antibody display platform and in vitro antibody affinity maturation method may be used to study the mechanisms of B cell development in vivo, as…

Subjects/Keywords: HIV (Viruses); B cells

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lu, S. (2015). Identification and in vitro affinity maturation of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein-specific early intermediate B cells isolated from immortalized human naïve B cell library. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Hong Kong. Retrieved from Lu, S. [卢士強]. (2015). Identification and in vitro affinity maturation of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein-specific early intermediate B cells isolated from immortalized human naïve B cell library. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5731092 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/224656

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lu, Shiqiang. “Identification and in vitro affinity maturation of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein-specific early intermediate B cells isolated from immortalized human naïve B cell library.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Hong Kong. Accessed September 22, 2019. Lu, S. [卢士強]. (2015). Identification and in vitro affinity maturation of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein-specific early intermediate B cells isolated from immortalized human naïve B cell library. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5731092 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/224656.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lu, Shiqiang. “Identification and in vitro affinity maturation of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein-specific early intermediate B cells isolated from immortalized human naïve B cell library.” 2015. Web. 22 Sep 2019.

Vancouver:

Lu S. Identification and in vitro affinity maturation of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein-specific early intermediate B cells isolated from immortalized human naïve B cell library. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Hong Kong; 2015. [cited 2019 Sep 22]. Available from: Lu, S. [卢士強]. (2015). Identification and in vitro affinity maturation of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein-specific early intermediate B cells isolated from immortalized human naïve B cell library. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5731092 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/224656.

Council of Science Editors:

Lu S. Identification and in vitro affinity maturation of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein-specific early intermediate B cells isolated from immortalized human naïve B cell library. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Hong Kong; 2015. Available from: Lu, S. [卢士強]. (2015). Identification and in vitro affinity maturation of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein-specific early intermediate B cells isolated from immortalized human naïve B cell library. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5731092 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/224656

University of Hong Kong

17. 陳穎芊; Chan, Wing-tsin, Alison. Comparative genotypic study of viral RNA and proviral DNA in HIV-1 patients.

Degree: Master of Medical Sciences, 2015, University of Hong Kong

URL: Chan, W. A. [陳穎芊]. (2015). Comparative genotypic study of viral RNA and proviral DNA in HIV-1 patients. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5616177 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/221510

►

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has been used for HIV-1 treatment for more than a decade. Prior identification of drug resistance associated mutations and viral… (more)

▼

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has been used for HIV-1 treatment for more than a decade. Prior identification of drug resistance associated mutations and viral tropism provides valuable information for physicians in optimizing the best HAART regimens for each patient. Plasma RNA has long been used as the major laboratory marker as it reflects the status of circulating virus. However, it might not be as informative in patients with low viral loads. Proviral DNA was therefore suggested as an additional maker for this purpose. This project aimed to compare the concordance of resistance interpretation and tropism prediction between plasma RNA and proviral DNA. Peripheral blood samples from 45 HIV-1 patients were collected by Integrated Treatment Centre. Drug resistance mutations (DRMs) of Protease Inhibitors (PIs), Nucleoside Analogue Reverse transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs), Non- Nucleoside Analogue Reverse transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) and Integrase Inhibitors (INIs), and viral tropism were identified with bi-directional Sanger sequencing and interpreted with Stanford HIVdB and Geno2Phenocoreceptor, respectively. The DRMs identified from plasma RNA and proviral DNA had high concordances among PIs (83.3%), NRTIs (100%), NNRTIs (83.3%) and INIs (91.7%). Major PI mutations were more frequently detected by proviral DNA. In contrast, more NNRTI and accessory INI mutations were detected in plasma RNA. The concordance was lower in HIV-1 tropism test (73.7%). In general, proviral DNA identified more non-R5 variants than plasma RNA. Ten discordant cases were only found in subtype B and CRF01_AE and were mainly contributed by cases (6 out of 10) with R5 tropic variants detected in plasma RNA and non-R5 tropic variants detected in proviral DNA (R5/non-R5). False positive rate (FPR) values obtained were compared and found high concordance that correlation coefficient r equals to 0.83. In conclusion, proviral DNA and plasma RNA were highly concordant in DRMs interpretation. Since mutations exclusively detected in each genotype, proviral DNA was suggested to be used as a supplementary source of DRMs detection. Frequent non-R5 variant detection in proviral DNA could discourage usage of CCR5 antagonists. Before clinical relevance of proviral DNA tropism is validated, plasma RNA tropism identification was preferred.

published_or_final_version

Microbiology

Master

Master of Medical Sciences

Subjects/Keywords: Drug resistance; HIV (Viruses)

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APA (6^th Edition):

陳穎芊; Chan, Wing-tsin, A. (2015). Comparative genotypic study of viral RNA and proviral DNA in HIV-1 patients. (Masters Thesis). University of Hong Kong. Retrieved from Chan, W. A. [陳穎芊]. (2015). Comparative genotypic study of viral RNA and proviral DNA in HIV-1 patients. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5616177 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/221510

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

陳穎芊; Chan, Wing-tsin, Alison. “Comparative genotypic study of viral RNA and proviral DNA in HIV-1 patients.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Hong Kong. Accessed September 22, 2019. Chan, W. A. [陳穎芊]. (2015). Comparative genotypic study of viral RNA and proviral DNA in HIV-1 patients. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5616177 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/221510.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

陳穎芊; Chan, Wing-tsin, Alison. “Comparative genotypic study of viral RNA and proviral DNA in HIV-1 patients.” 2015. Web. 22 Sep 2019.

Vancouver:

陳穎芊; Chan, Wing-tsin A. Comparative genotypic study of viral RNA and proviral DNA in HIV-1 patients. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2015. [cited 2019 Sep 22]. Available from: Chan, W. A. [陳穎芊]. (2015). Comparative genotypic study of viral RNA and proviral DNA in HIV-1 patients. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5616177 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/221510.

Council of Science Editors:

陳穎芊; Chan, Wing-tsin A. Comparative genotypic study of viral RNA and proviral DNA in HIV-1 patients. [Masters Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2015. Available from: Chan, W. A. [陳穎芊]. (2015). Comparative genotypic study of viral RNA and proviral DNA in HIV-1 patients. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5616177 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/221510

University of Hong Kong

18. To, Wai-chi, Sabrina. Molecular characterization of HIV-1 in Hong Kong : a study of drug resistance mutations, tropism and viral evolution.

Degree: PhD, 2014, University of Hong Kong

URL: To, W. S. [杜維之]. (2014). Molecular characterization of HIV-1 in Hong Kong : a study of drug resistance mutations, tropism and viral evolution. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5334856 ; http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5334856 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207184

► Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is a life-long threat which cannot be prevented by vaccination or completely cured by antiretroviral (ARV) treatment. The… (more)

▼ Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is a life-long threat which cannot be prevented by vaccination or completely cured by antiretroviral (ARV) treatment. The establishment of genotypic resistant testing (GRT) greatly improved the infection management and provided further guidelines on ARV strategies. The current study aimed to utilize the accumulated GRT data to investigate the HIV-1 molecular epidemiology, trends of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) among local patients and intra-host viral evolution. In order to maximize the therapeutic options for HIV-1 patients, the genotypic study also extended to two relatively new ARV classes for determination of integrase polymorphisms and tropism prevalence. From 1994 through 2013, a total of 3,108 plasma samples were available from 2,475 HIV-1 positive patients for epidemiological and viral investigations. The predominant genotypes in Hong Kong were subtype B (42.1%) and CRF01_AE (39.7%). Other genotypes including subtypes A1, C, D, F1, G, CRF02_AG, CRF06_cpx, CRF07_BC, CRF08_BC and CRF12_BF were also identified. Though the phylogenetic studies of subtype B and CRF01_AE identified several sporadic distinct clusters, their transmissions had been widely established between all local risk groups. In contrast, most of the non-B and non-AE cases were infected outside Hong Kong or circulated within non-Chinese population. However, one of the clusters in CRF07_BC suggested that this genotype might have been established quite well among local Chinese men-who-have-sex-with-men community. Routine GRT also provided valuable longitudinal data to study intra-host viral evolution. The observed intra-host evolutionary rates in CRF01_AE variants (11.68 x 〖10〗^(-4), IQR: 8.87 – 20.54 x 〖10〗^(-4) substitutions per site per year) was significantly higher than subtype B variants (5.27 x 〖10〗^(-4), IQR: 3.32 – 8.01 x 〖10〗^(-4) substitutions per site per year). Of 2,157 treatment-naïve patients included in this study, 4.4% of them were found carrying surveillance protease (PR) or reverse transcriptase (RT) DRMs. More importantly, half of the GRT data from 407 treatment-failure patients were potentially resistant to PR or RT inhibitors. The introduction of integrase inhibitors and CCR5 antagonists provided new insights and era for treating HIV-1 patients who were resistant to PR or RT inhibitors. The integrase GRT results showed that there were no major DRMs observed in integrase inhibitors-naïve patients. The distribution of integrase polymorphic sites between subtype B and CRF01_AE was significantly differed. On the other hand, the prevalence of X4/Dual-Mixed tropism in CRF01_AE variants was always significantly higher than subtype B, regardless of the interpretation algorithms and treatment history. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the HIV-1 molecular epidemiology and intra-host viral evolution of Hong Kong in the last two decades by utilizing the GRT data obtained from the ARV surveillance program. The in-house integrase GRT and genotypic tropism test were as… Advisors/Committee Members: Yam, WC.

Subjects/Keywords: HIV (Viruses) - China - Hong Kong

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APA (6^th Edition):

To, Wai-chi, S. (2014). Molecular characterization of HIV-1 in Hong Kong : a study of drug resistance mutations, tropism and viral evolution. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Hong Kong. Retrieved from To, W. S. [杜維之]. (2014). Molecular characterization of HIV-1 in Hong Kong : a study of drug resistance mutations, tropism and viral evolution. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5334856 ; http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5334856 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207184

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

To, Wai-chi, Sabrina. “Molecular characterization of HIV-1 in Hong Kong : a study of drug resistance mutations, tropism and viral evolution.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Hong Kong. Accessed September 22, 2019. To, W. S. [杜維之]. (2014). Molecular characterization of HIV-1 in Hong Kong : a study of drug resistance mutations, tropism and viral evolution. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5334856 ; http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5334856 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207184.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

To, Wai-chi, Sabrina. “Molecular characterization of HIV-1 in Hong Kong : a study of drug resistance mutations, tropism and viral evolution.” 2014. Web. 22 Sep 2019.

Vancouver:

To, Wai-chi S. Molecular characterization of HIV-1 in Hong Kong : a study of drug resistance mutations, tropism and viral evolution. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Hong Kong; 2014. [cited 2019 Sep 22]. Available from: To, W. S. [杜維之]. (2014). Molecular characterization of HIV-1 in Hong Kong : a study of drug resistance mutations, tropism and viral evolution. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5334856 ; http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5334856 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207184.

Council of Science Editors:

To, Wai-chi S. Molecular characterization of HIV-1 in Hong Kong : a study of drug resistance mutations, tropism and viral evolution. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Hong Kong; 2014. Available from: To, W. S. [杜維之]. (2014). Molecular characterization of HIV-1 in Hong Kong : a study of drug resistance mutations, tropism and viral evolution. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5334856 ; http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b5334856 ; http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207184

University of Oxford

19. Rajapaksa, Ushani Sadeepika. The role of Nef protein in the pathogenesis of HIV infection.

Degree: PhD, 2013, University of Oxford

URL: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bcd18d13-fda8-45bd-a72f-e116a6d4d826 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.665165

► Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) uses various mechanisms to evade immune recognition by cytotoxic T cells. Down-regulation of Human Leucocyte Antigen class I (HLA-I) by the… (more)

▼ Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) uses various mechanisms to evade immune recognition by cytotoxic T cells. Down-regulation of Human Leucocyte Antigen class I (HLA-I) by the viral protein Nef is one such important mechanism. HLA-A and B are believed to be down-regulated by Nef while HLA-C and E are not. The differences in down-regulation were due to sequence differences between alleles. I evaluated the functional significance of polymorphisms in the cytoplasmic domains of HLA-A and B in Nef mediated HIV-1 pathogenesis. HLA-B cytoplasmic alleles resisted down-regulation mediated by nef compared to HLA-A cytoplasmic alleles and these differences were seen to play a crucial role in maintaining CTL response as shown by live virus ELISPOT assays, viral suppression assays and CD107a secretion. Therefore, we propose that this relative resistance to Nef mediated down-regulation by HLA-B cytoplasmic allele contributes to the high efficacy and better control of HIV infection by HLA-B restricted CTLs. The partial resistance of HLA-B cytoplasmic domain was maintained in HIV-2 Nef alleles and sub group O HIV-1 viruses. The variability of the HLA-A and B susceptibility appeared to depend on the Nef allele while resistance of HLA-C was global. Substitution of ³¹⁵DR³¹⁶ to GG and truncation of C terminal amino acids play a role in mediating resistance to Nef. Possibly these amino acid changes lead to different molecular trafficking profiles as observed in wet lab methods, and changes to secondary protein structures as predicted by in silico methods resulting in partial resistance. In addition, the functional significance of CD4 down-regulation by Nef, another important effect was also explored in this thesis. Nef was found to be ineffective in down-regulating CD4 molecules truncated at cytoplasmic domain and the viruses which were produced in cell lines expressing truncated CD4, were found to be defective in terms of replication and infection. Evaluating the potential of these CD4 molecules in gene therapy is highlighted in my in vitro studies. In summary this thesis provides insight into important but unexplored areas of Nef mediated pathogenesis of HIV infection.

Subjects/Keywords: 616.97; Immunology; Viruses; HIV/AIDS

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Rajapaksa, U. S. (2013). The role of Nef protein in the pathogenesis of HIV infection. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oxford. Retrieved from http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bcd18d13-fda8-45bd-a72f-e116a6d4d826 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.665165

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rajapaksa, Ushani Sadeepika. “The role of Nef protein in the pathogenesis of HIV infection.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oxford. Accessed September 22, 2019. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bcd18d13-fda8-45bd-a72f-e116a6d4d826 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.665165.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rajapaksa, Ushani Sadeepika. “The role of Nef protein in the pathogenesis of HIV infection.” 2013. Web. 22 Sep 2019.

Vancouver:

Rajapaksa US. The role of Nef protein in the pathogenesis of HIV infection. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2013. [cited 2019 Sep 22]. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bcd18d13-fda8-45bd-a72f-e116a6d4d826 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.665165.

Council of Science Editors:

Rajapaksa US. The role of Nef protein in the pathogenesis of HIV infection. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2013. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bcd18d13-fda8-45bd-a72f-e116a6d4d826 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.665165

University of North Carolina – Greensboro

20. Premadasa, Lakmini. Co-translational genetic switching during protein synthesis: the HIV-1 Nef gene as a paradigm.

Degree: 2016, University of North Carolina – Greensboro

URL: http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/listing.aspx?styp=ti&id=19755

► The old maxim of “one gene, one mRNA, one protein” no longer holds, especially with viral genes. It is possible for one mRNA to encode… (more)

▼ The old maxim of “one gene, one mRNA, one protein” no longer holds, especially with viral genes. It is possible for one mRNA to encode several proteins of unrelated functions in overlapping reading frames of a single oligonucleotide, or for an additional protein domain to be added on to a protein at the C-terminal by the readthrough of a stop codon. The question of how and when stop does not always mean stop, how slippage from one reading frame into another is controlled, and the factors that trigger those genetic switches, are the subjects of this research. The focus of the project is the HIV-1 nef gene, which has examples of both of these types of co-translational switching events (translational frameshifting and stop codon readthrough). Nef is a myristoylated protein expressed in the early stage of the HIV-1 life cycle, which functions as a fundamental factor for efficient viral replication and pathogenesis. One of the notable features of nef is the highly conserved 3’-UGA stop codon, and the potential for the protein to be extended by about 30 amino acids if readthrough of that stop codon can occur. We hypothesize that antisense tethering interactions (ATIs) between viral mRNA and host selenoprotein mRNA enables capture of the host selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) element to enable the expression of virally encoded selenoprotein modules via translation of in frame UGA stop codons as selenocysteine (SeC). This mRNA hijack mechanism was predicted theoretically using computational analysis and was experimentally supported at the DNA level by gel shift assay. Readthrough of UGA was proved at the mRNA level by fluorescence microscopy image analysis and flow cytometry of transfected HEK 293 cells with engineered reporter gene plasmid vector constructs, in which the downstream reporter gene can only be expressed if the UGA is translated. siRNA knockdown of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TR1) mRNA in transfected cells resulted in decreased GFP expression, consistent with the hypothesis that host-virus mRNA tethering may enable selenocysteine incorporation for the stop codon readthrough. Furthermore quantitative analysis of TR1 mRNA knockdown demonstrated using RT-PCR confirmed that the siRNA treatment results in approximately 20% knockdown of TR1. The HIV-1 nef coding region features a potential -1 frameshift site with a potential overlapping gene region near the middle of the coding sequence. A sequence matching the pattern (XXXYYYZ) of a known -1 frameshifting “slippery sequence” signal is present in the nef sequence at this point, immediately upstream of a G-quadruplex (QPX) sequence that serves to regulate frameshifting. An in vitro frameshift assay using a dual reporter vector was constructed, in which the putative HIV-1 nef-fs sequence with QPX was cloned between two fluorescent reporter genes. Cells transfected with this construct showed orange fluorescence, which is only possible if the -1 frameshifting occurs. Treating the transfected cells with QPX stabilizing synthetic drug TMPYP4 increased the… Advisors/Committee Members: Ethan Taylor (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: HIV (Viruses) – Genetic aspects

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Premadasa, L. (2016). Co-translational genetic switching during protein synthesis: the HIV-1 Nef gene as a paradigm. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of North Carolina – Greensboro. Retrieved from http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/listing.aspx?styp=ti&id=19755

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Premadasa, Lakmini. “Co-translational genetic switching during protein synthesis: the HIV-1 Nef gene as a paradigm.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of North Carolina – Greensboro. Accessed September 22, 2019. http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/listing.aspx?styp=ti&id=19755.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Premadasa, Lakmini. “Co-translational genetic switching during protein synthesis: the HIV-1 Nef gene as a paradigm.” 2016. Web. 22 Sep 2019.

Vancouver:

Premadasa L. Co-translational genetic switching during protein synthesis: the HIV-1 Nef gene as a paradigm. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of North Carolina – Greensboro; 2016. [cited 2019 Sep 22]. Available from: http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/listing.aspx?styp=ti&id=19755.

Council of Science Editors:

Premadasa L. Co-translational genetic switching during protein synthesis: the HIV-1 Nef gene as a paradigm. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of North Carolina – Greensboro; 2016. Available from: http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/listing.aspx?styp=ti&id=19755

University of Aberdeen

21. Smith, Kieron A. The role of drug transporters in development of optimised microbicides against HIV-1.

Degree: PhD, 2017, University of Aberdeen

URL: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231840 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715470

► Due to the lack of an effective cure for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), with approximately twenty million new infections expected by 2031, research has moved… (more)

▼ Due to the lack of an effective cure for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), with approximately twenty million new infections expected by 2031, research has moved towards optimised prevention strategies. Drug transporters, characterised extensively in the human liver, kidney and gastrointestinal tract, can be manipulated to improve the pharmacokinetic properties of orally delivered anti-retrovirals (ARV's). There is paucity in knowledge of drug transporter expression in the human cervicovaginal (CV) tract and representative pre-clinical models, where characterisation and manipulation may enable optimisation of topically applied ARVs for prevention of sexual transmission of HIV-1. In this thesis, RT-qPCR was used to characterise drug transporter profiles of CV pre-clinical models (in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo) for comparison with human CV tissue profiles, where distinguishable differences were observed, most notably in the efflux transporters P-gp and MRP2-4. This may explain the contrasting efficacy observed between pre-clinical and clinical trials of ARV-microbicides. Additionally, CV physiological factors (hormones, immunoregulatory proteins, microbes, pH) and microbicide candidate ARV's (dapivirine and darunavir) were shown to modulate expression of ARV-relevant drug transporters in CV cell lines. This highlights the potential intra-variability and inter-variability challenges associated with microbicide development and optimisation, in addition to potential drug-drug interactions in combination ARV-microbicides. Modulation of cellular pharmacokinetic properties in response to physiological pH levels and pro-inflammatory cytokines, observed within drug transport experiments, further emphasises these challenges. Molecular cloning experiments demonstrated the potential to develop a robust high throughout in vitro screening tool for the development of optimised microbicides. In conclusion, this thesis provides evidence exposing the limitations of pre-clinical CV models commonly used during ARV-microbicide screening, development and optimisation. The potential clinical implications of physiologically-induced and ARV-induced modulation of ARV accumulation in the CV tract when topically applied is highlighted within this thesis. It is imperative these key factors be incorporated into the pre-clinical screening and development of optimised microbicides.

Subjects/Keywords: 616.97; HIV (Viruses); Drug interactions

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APA (6^th Edition):

Smith, K. A. (2017). The role of drug transporters in development of optimised microbicides against HIV-1. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Aberdeen. Retrieved from http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231840 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715470

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Smith, Kieron A. “The role of drug transporters in development of optimised microbicides against HIV-1.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Aberdeen. Accessed September 22, 2019. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231840 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715470.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Smith, Kieron A. “The role of drug transporters in development of optimised microbicides against HIV-1.” 2017. Web. 22 Sep 2019.

Vancouver:

Smith KA. The role of drug transporters in development of optimised microbicides against HIV-1. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Aberdeen; 2017. [cited 2019 Sep 22]. Available from: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231840 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715470.

Council of Science Editors:

Smith KA. The role of drug transporters in development of optimised microbicides against HIV-1. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Aberdeen; 2017. Available from: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231840 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715470

University of Johannesburg

22. Hill, Emma. The preparation and characterization of biological isolates of HIV-1.

Degree: 2012, University of Johannesburg

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6014

►

M.Sc.

It is the widely accepted view that the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and that South… (more)

▼

M.Sc.

It is the widely accepted view that the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and that South Africa harbors mainly HIV type 1 subtype C (HIV-1 C). Extensively characterized biological isolates (especially of HIV-1 subtype C) for use in HIV/AIDS vaccine and drug development are not readily available. This study evaluated three different protocols for the expansion of virus from infected PBMC's of 68 HIV/AIDS patients (designated HJ1 — 22 and INN1 — 97). Factors influencing the success of a protocol for the expansion of HIV-1 were 1) the amount and time of addition of IL-2 and PHA to the culture media; 2) the fact that freshly isolated clean PBMC's (treated with PHA prior to co-cultivation) was necessary while infected PBMC's could be used fresh or frozen; 3) whether the absence or presence of polybrene as a tissue culture additive had any effect. The I-11V-status of patients could be confirmed with rapid tests and/or NASBA assays, while successful expansion of the virus could be confirmed or refuted by determining p24 levels of sera or culture supematant (with values ranging from <7.8pg/ml to about 280pg/ml). Less sensitive assays like the reverse transcriptase (RT) and gpl 20 ELISA's give much lower absorbance values when compared to the p24 ELISA. Using expanded virus to infect PBMC's and T-cell lines (PM1, U87.CD4-CCR5, U87.CD4-CXCR4 and CEM.NKR-CCR5) and then measuring p24 levels showed that the final protocol chosen was capable of producing high titre, biologically active virus. To further test the biological activity of the isolates, the virus was used in assays evaluating the potential inhibitory ability of natural products and neutralizing antibodies. PCR using universal primers (SK22/SK38/SK39) was not consistently successful in amplifying out the correct sized region of gag (for SK22/SK39 a fragment of 600bp and a 115bp fragment for SK38/SK39 was obtained but not for all the samples). Primers (Cgag189(+/-)) were designed during this project to specifically amplify an 189bp region of gag from subtype C, which proved (in some instances) to be more successful. PCR amplification of the proviral DNA fragments was confirmed by sequencing of selected PCR products. Virus titre was determined by calculating TCID50 (login: 1.054). By modifying expansion and detection protocols it is possible to standardize the process to suit a particular isolate and/or circumstance. This production of large volumes of high titre, biologically active isolates has filled a desperate need for reagents to aid HIV researchers in the development of an effective vaccine or other drug therapy.

Subjects/Keywords: HIV (Viruses); Biological reagents.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Hill, E. (2012). The preparation and characterization of biological isolates of HIV-1. (Thesis). University of Johannesburg. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6014

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hill, Emma. “The preparation and characterization of biological isolates of HIV-1.” 2012. Thesis, University of Johannesburg. Accessed September 22, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6014.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hill, Emma. “The preparation and characterization of biological isolates of HIV-1.” 2012. Web. 22 Sep 2019.

Vancouver:

Hill E. The preparation and characterization of biological isolates of HIV-1. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Johannesburg; 2012. [cited 2019 Sep 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6014.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Hill E. The preparation and characterization of biological isolates of HIV-1. [Thesis]. University of Johannesburg; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6014

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of KwaZulu-Natal

23. Morris, Lynn. The C3-V4 region is a major target of autologous neutralizing antibodies in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C Infection.

Degree: 2008, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7828

► The early autologous neutralizing antibody response in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype C infections is often characterized by high titers, but the response… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: HIV infections – Virology.; Antiviral agents.; HIV (Viruses)

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APA (6^th Edition):

Morris, L. (2008). The C3-V4 region is a major target of autologous neutralizing antibodies in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C Infection. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7828

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Morris, Lynn. “The C3-V4 region is a major target of autologous neutralizing antibodies in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C Infection.” 2008. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed September 22, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7828.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Morris, Lynn. “The C3-V4 region is a major target of autologous neutralizing antibodies in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C Infection.” 2008. Web. 22 Sep 2019.

Vancouver:

Morris L. The C3-V4 region is a major target of autologous neutralizing antibodies in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C Infection. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2008. [cited 2019 Sep 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7828.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Morris L. The C3-V4 region is a major target of autologous neutralizing antibodies in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C Infection. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7828

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of KwaZulu-Natal

24. Abdool Karim, Quarraisha. Plasma cytokine levels during acute HIV-1 infection predict HIV disease progression.

Degree: 2010, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8033

► Background: Both T-cell activation during early HIV-1 infection and soluble markers of immune activation during chronic infection are predictive of HIV disease progression. Although the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: HIV (Viruses); HIV infections.; Cytokines.; Viral load.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Abdool Karim, Q. (2010). Plasma cytokine levels during acute HIV-1 infection predict HIV disease progression. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8033

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Abdool Karim, Quarraisha. “Plasma cytokine levels during acute HIV-1 infection predict HIV disease progression.” 2010. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed September 22, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8033.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Abdool Karim, Quarraisha. “Plasma cytokine levels during acute HIV-1 infection predict HIV disease progression.” 2010. Web. 22 Sep 2019.

Vancouver:

Abdool Karim Q. Plasma cytokine levels during acute HIV-1 infection predict HIV disease progression. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2010. [cited 2019 Sep 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8033.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Abdool Karim Q. Plasma cytokine levels during acute HIV-1 infection predict HIV disease progression. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8033

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of KwaZulu-Natal

25. [No author]. The C3-V4 region is a major target of autologous neutralizing antibodies in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C Infection.

Degree: 2008, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02187-07

► The early autologous neutralizing antibody response in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype C infections is often characterized by high titers, but the response… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: HIV infections – Virology.; Antiviral agents.; HIV (Viruses)

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

author], [. (2008). The C3-V4 region is a major target of autologous neutralizing antibodies in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C Infection. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02187-07

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

author], [No. “The C3-V4 region is a major target of autologous neutralizing antibodies in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C Infection. ” 2008. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed September 22, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02187-07.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

author], [No. “The C3-V4 region is a major target of autologous neutralizing antibodies in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C Infection. ” 2008. Web. 22 Sep 2019.

Vancouver:

author] [. The C3-V4 region is a major target of autologous neutralizing antibodies in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C Infection. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2008. [cited 2019 Sep 22]. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02187-07.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

author] [. The C3-V4 region is a major target of autologous neutralizing antibodies in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C Infection. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2008. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02187-07

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of KwaZulu-Natal

26. [No author]. Adaptive changes in HIV-1 subtype C proteins during early infection are driven by changes in HLA-associated immune pressure.

Degree: 2009, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2009.10.002

► It is unresolved whether recently transmitted human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) have genetic features that specifically favour their transmissibility. To identify potential “transmission signatures”, we compared… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: HIV infections – Transmission.; HIV (Viruses) – Transmission.

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APA (6^th Edition):

author], [. (2009). Adaptive changes in HIV-1 subtype C proteins during early infection are driven by changes in HLA-associated immune pressure. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2009.10.002

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

author], [No. “Adaptive changes in HIV-1 subtype C proteins during early infection are driven by changes in HLA-associated immune pressure. ” 2009. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed September 22, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2009.10.002.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

author], [No. “Adaptive changes in HIV-1 subtype C proteins during early infection are driven by changes in HLA-associated immune pressure. ” 2009. Web. 22 Sep 2019.

Vancouver:

author] [. Adaptive changes in HIV-1 subtype C proteins during early infection are driven by changes in HLA-associated immune pressure. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2009. [cited 2019 Sep 22]. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2009.10.002.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

author] [. Adaptive changes in HIV-1 subtype C proteins during early infection are driven by changes in HLA-associated immune pressure. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2009. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2009.10.002

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of KwaZulu-Natal

27. Williamson, Carolyn. Adaptive changes in HIV-1 subtype C proteins during early infection are driven by changes in HLA-associated immune pressure.

Degree: 2009, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8030

► It is unresolved whether recently transmitted human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) have genetic features that specifically favour their transmissibility. To identify potential “transmission signatures”, we compared… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: HIV infections – Transmission.; HIV (Viruses) – Transmission.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Williamson, C. (2009). Adaptive changes in HIV-1 subtype C proteins during early infection are driven by changes in HLA-associated immune pressure. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8030

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Williamson, Carolyn. “Adaptive changes in HIV-1 subtype C proteins during early infection are driven by changes in HLA-associated immune pressure.” 2009. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed September 22, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8030.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Williamson, Carolyn. “Adaptive changes in HIV-1 subtype C proteins during early infection are driven by changes in HLA-associated immune pressure.” 2009. Web. 22 Sep 2019.

Vancouver:

Williamson C. Adaptive changes in HIV-1 subtype C proteins during early infection are driven by changes in HLA-associated immune pressure. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2009. [cited 2019 Sep 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8030.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Williamson C. Adaptive changes in HIV-1 subtype C proteins during early infection are driven by changes in HLA-associated immune pressure. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8030

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of KwaZulu-Natal

28. Mullins, James I. A reliable phenotype predictor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C based on envelope V3 sequences.

Degree: 2006, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8860

► In human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype B infections, the emergence of viruses able to use CXCR4 as a coreceptor is well documented and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: HIV (Viruses); AIDS (Disease) – Virology.; HIV (Viruses) – Infections.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Mullins, J. I. (2006). A reliable phenotype predictor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C based on envelope V3 sequences. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8860

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mullins, James I. “A reliable phenotype predictor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C based on envelope V3 sequences.” 2006. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed September 22, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8860.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mullins, James I. “A reliable phenotype predictor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C based on envelope V3 sequences.” 2006. Web. 22 Sep 2019.

Vancouver:

Mullins JI. A reliable phenotype predictor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C based on envelope V3 sequences. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2006. [cited 2019 Sep 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8860.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Mullins JI. A reliable phenotype predictor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C based on envelope V3 sequences. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2006. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8860

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of KwaZulu-Natal

29. [No author]. The development, optimisation and comparison of various virological assays and their uses in antiviral assessment of compounds wih potential anti-HIV activity.

Degree: Virology, 2009, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/504

► The development and optimization of anti-viral screening methods are essential to develop newer more effective, treatments against HIV. The XTT method is a widely described… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Medical virology.; HIV infections – Molecular aspects.; HIV (Viruses) – Identification.; HIV (Viruses) – Molecular aspects.; Virology.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

author], [. (2009). The development, optimisation and comparison of various virological assays and their uses in antiviral assessment of compounds wih potential anti-HIV activity. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10413/504

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

author], [No. “The development, optimisation and comparison of various virological assays and their uses in antiviral assessment of compounds wih potential anti-HIV activity. ” 2009. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed September 22, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/504.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

author], [No. “The development, optimisation and comparison of various virological assays and their uses in antiviral assessment of compounds wih potential anti-HIV activity. ” 2009. Web. 22 Sep 2019.

Vancouver:

author] [. The development, optimisation and comparison of various virological assays and their uses in antiviral assessment of compounds wih potential anti-HIV activity. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2009. [cited 2019 Sep 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/504.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

author] [. The development, optimisation and comparison of various virological assays and their uses in antiviral assessment of compounds wih potential anti-HIV activity. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/504

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of KwaZulu-Natal

30. [No author]. Delineating antibody recognition in polyclonal sera from patterns of HIV-1 isolate neutralization.

Degree: 2013, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1233989

► Serum characterization and antibody isolation are transforming our understanding of the humoral immune response to viral infection. Here, we show that epitope specificities of HIV-1–neutralizing… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: HIV infections – Immunology.; HIV antibodies.; HIV (Viruses) – Analysis.

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❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

author], [. (2013). Delineating antibody recognition in polyclonal sera from patterns of HIV-1 isolate neutralization. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1233989

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

author], [No. “Delineating antibody recognition in polyclonal sera from patterns of HIV-1 isolate neutralization. ” 2013. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed September 22, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1233989.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

author], [No. “Delineating antibody recognition in polyclonal sera from patterns of HIV-1 isolate neutralization. ” 2013. Web. 22 Sep 2019.

Vancouver:

author] [. Delineating antibody recognition in polyclonal sera from patterns of HIV-1 isolate neutralization. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2013. [cited 2019 Sep 22]. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1233989.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

author] [. Delineating antibody recognition in polyclonal sera from patterns of HIV-1 isolate neutralization. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2013. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1233989

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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Open Access Theses and Dissertations