subject:(Gulf Stream)

North Carolina State University

1. Jacobs, Neil A. The Role of Marine Thermal Gradient Structure on Gulf Stream-related Extratropical Cyclogenesis.

Degree: PhD, Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, 2005, North Carolina State University

URL: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/4888

► Mid-latitude cyclones, or Nor'easters, have a long history of producing severe, and sometimes catastrophic, blizzard conditions along the eastern seaboard. These winter weather events have… (more)

▼ Mid-latitude cyclones, or Nor'easters, have a long history of producing severe, and sometimes catastrophic, blizzard conditions along the eastern seaboard. These winter weather events have been perplexing meteorologists and forecasters for as long as records have been kept. The coastal region east of the Carolinas, in association with the warm Gulf Stream current, is considered by most to be an epicenter of extratropical cyclogenesis. This is a three part study combining a 20 year climatology, a numerical model simulation, and a sensitivity study which links both of the above. The climatological part of this study extends the previously published Atlantic surface cyclone intensification index (ASCII) database to include dates from October 1991 to April 2002. This added another 115 extratropical cyclogenetic cases to double the total number of storms to 231. As in the first study, linear regression fits were done on the comparison of surface-level thermal gradient with the deepening rate of the coastal low. The statistical relation for the 1991-2002 data are within 2% of the 1982-1990 data, thus verifying the results of the original study. Although the climatological comparison was in full agreement, 69% of the variance in storm deepening rate remains unexplained by this method. To address this issue of scatter, storms were separated into 3 bins based on their 500-mb absolute vorticity. Separate fits were done for the individual bins which were found to explain as much 74% of the variance. For the second part of this study, a numerical mesoscale weather model (MM5) was employed to test the cyclogenetic response to high resolution sea surface temperature (SST) initialization data using the 24-25 January 2000 winter storm case. While leaving all other model parameters and initialization the same, two different SST distributions were used for the two simulations. The control simulation was initialized with the standard NCEP Eta-212 gridded analysis, while the experimental simulation was initialized with a very high resolution (1.1 km) SST file. The experimental's results show a noticeable response with a more defined coastal front, increased deepening rate, and more accurate track. A final 2-part study was conducted on the sensitivity of lower-tropospheric cyclogenesis to the sea surface thermal gradient induced by the Gulf Stream. The first part was carried out by systematically reducing the magnitude of the SST gradient for three consecutive mesoscale model simulations. Results show significant decrease in deepening rate with each successive run. The combined results are also in agreement with the regression fits from the ASCII climatology. In the second part, the Gulf Stream was shifted to the east while leaving the unique features such as curvature and SST values unchanged. Results reveal an ASCII limitation within the Gulf Stream Front position parameter, and show that by altering the track of the surface low, the feedback link to the upper-level trough is weakened thus reducing the surface-level… Advisors/Committee Members: Sethu Raman, Committee Co-Chair (advisor), Kermit Keeter, Committee Member (advisor), Gary Lackmann, Committee Co-Chair (advisor), Ping-Tung Shaw, Committee Member (advisor), Kiran Alapaty, Committee Member (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: GULF STREAM; CYCLOGENESIS

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jacobs, N. A. (2005). The Role of Marine Thermal Gradient Structure on Gulf Stream-related Extratropical Cyclogenesis. (Doctoral Dissertation). North Carolina State University. Retrieved from http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/4888

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jacobs, Neil A. “The Role of Marine Thermal Gradient Structure on Gulf Stream-related Extratropical Cyclogenesis.” 2005. Doctoral Dissertation, North Carolina State University. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/4888.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jacobs, Neil A. “The Role of Marine Thermal Gradient Structure on Gulf Stream-related Extratropical Cyclogenesis.” 2005. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Jacobs NA. The Role of Marine Thermal Gradient Structure on Gulf Stream-related Extratropical Cyclogenesis. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. North Carolina State University; 2005. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/4888.

Council of Science Editors:

Jacobs NA. The Role of Marine Thermal Gradient Structure on Gulf Stream-related Extratropical Cyclogenesis. [Doctoral Dissertation]. North Carolina State University; 2005. Available from: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/4888

2. Loyd, Nicholas. The weather pattern and trends associated with Gulf Stream turbulent heat loss events.

Degree: MS, Atmospheric Science, 2010, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/18835

► The weather pattern and trends associated with heat flux events (HFEs) over the Gulf Stream (GS) are examined as part of the CLIMODE project. A… (more)

▼ The weather pattern and trends associated with heat flux events (HFEs) over the Gulf Stream (GS) are examined as part of the CLIMODE project. A large portion of GS turbulent heat loss occurs during distinct synoptic scale events with a duration of one to two days. Forty percent (40%) of wintertime sensible heat loss over the CLIMODE Region (CR) (30°-42° N, 50°-70° W) occurs on 17.5% of days. The overturning convection caused by ocean surface buoyancy loss leads to a deepening mixed layer and the formation of eighteen-degree water (EDW). EDW is a homogenous slab of subtropical mode water with vertically uniform temperature and salinity characteristics. Mode water is formed in regions of large ocean-atmosphere heat exchange and serves as a potential memory source for the climate system. Analysis of sounding data acquired from a ship in the GS region in February and March of 2007 shows a distinct atmospheric vertical thermal profile during HFEs. A typical event day profile exhibits a well mixed boundary layer (BL) featuring a dry adiabatic lapse rate extending up to around 850 millibars (mb). A sharp inversion layer separates the BL from the dry free atmosphere. Satellite imagery confirms that open and closed cell cumulus cloud structures are present during events, which indicate strong surface-based instability and shallow convection. An examination of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP-NCAR) Reanalysis data is performed in order to understand the planetary and synoptic scale weather patterns that induce HFEs. A large 500 mb trough is present over the Western Atlantic Ocean on event days. A surface pressure couplet consisting of high (low) pressure located to the west (northeast) of the CR causes anomalous northwesterly flow that advects cold and dry continental air over the GS. Long term trends in CR Reanalysis data indicate that an increase in sea surface temperature (SST) has significantly increased autumn sensible and latent heat flux since the mid 1960s. Spring is dominated by large decadal variability in thermal and flux fields. Thus, increasing turbulent flux may not lead to greater EDW production since the increased oceanic heat loss serves to remove a seasonal thermocline which is warming over time. Global climate models (GCMs) do not adequately simulate observed CR Reanalysis period climate. The modeled trends in heat flux correlate poorly with Reanalysis. This investigation suggests important areas for potential future research including the effect of turbulent flux on atmosphere and ocean dynamics, and understanding the influence of BL entrainment on heat flux magnitude. Advisors/Committee Members: Skyllingstad, Eric D. (advisor), Shaman, Jeffrey (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Weather; Gulf Stream

…Pattern and Trends Associated with Gulf Stream Turbulent Heat Loss Events The weather pattern… …and trends associated with heat flux events (HFEs) over the Gulf Stream (GS… …notable WBCs are found in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and include the Gulf Stream… …The STMW immediately south of the Gulf Stream in the Western Atlantic Ocean was first… …suggests that wintertime cold air outbreaks (CAOs) weaken the Gulf Stream. Modeling of…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Loyd, N. (2010). The weather pattern and trends associated with Gulf Stream turbulent heat loss events. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/18835

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Loyd, Nicholas. “The weather pattern and trends associated with Gulf Stream turbulent heat loss events.” 2010. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/18835.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Loyd, Nicholas. “The weather pattern and trends associated with Gulf Stream turbulent heat loss events.” 2010. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Loyd N. The weather pattern and trends associated with Gulf Stream turbulent heat loss events. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/18835.

Council of Science Editors:

Loyd N. The weather pattern and trends associated with Gulf Stream turbulent heat loss events. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/18835

Universiteit Utrecht

3. Scher, S. Ocean Atmosphere Interaction and Resolution Dependence over the Gulf Stream.

Degree: 2016, Universiteit Utrecht

URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/330959

► Part1 :The influence of horizontal resolution of an Atmospheric Global Circulation Model on the simulation of precipitation and atmospheric deep convection above the North Atlantic… (more)

▼ Part1 :The influence of horizontal resolution of an Atmospheric Global Circulation Model on the simulation of precipitation and atmospheric deep convection above the North Atlantic and especially the Gulf Stream region is studied. It is shown that mean precipitation increases with increasing resolution. This result is confirmed with re- analyses and weather forecasts using different resolutions, ranging from 125 to 16 km. Via an analysis of the position of the jetstream it is suggested that the differences in mean precipitation in the GCM are not caused by differences in large scale circula- tion, but mainly by local phenomena. Increasing resolution in the GCM especially leads to more extreme precipitation. This also occurs in reanalyses and operational analyses. An assessment whether the increase in extreme precipitation deteriorates or improves model performance appears impossible as it depends on which observational product is used. Furthermore, 10m wind convergence has been analyzed and it is shown that the higher resolution GCM shows more extreme wind convergence events and corresponds better to wind convergence derived from observations. Additionally, the number of deep convection events above the Gulf Stream increases with resolution in GCMs, reanalyses and operational forecasts, enhancing the communication of Sea Surface Temperatures up to the troposphere. Part 2: In a controlled experiment with a regional climate model, we investigated the influence of strong SST-gradients in the Gulf Stream region on the development of a number of wintertime storms. We show that the removal of the SST-gradients significantly impacts the storms, with the number of weakening and strengthening storms roughly balancing each other. While one of the determining factors is the track of the storms with respect to the SST-front, we show that no single explanation is possible. Therefore, we propose two separate mechanisms that explain most of the responses. The first mechanism is related to latent heat flux, the second mechanism to baroclinicity. Advisors/Committee Members: van Delden, A.J..

Subjects/Keywords: Ocean Atmosphere Interaction; Global Climate Models; Gulf Stream; Cyclogenesis

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APA (6^th Edition):

Scher, S. (2016). Ocean Atmosphere Interaction and Resolution Dependence over the Gulf Stream. (Masters Thesis). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/330959

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Scher, S. “Ocean Atmosphere Interaction and Resolution Dependence over the Gulf Stream.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/330959.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Scher, S. “Ocean Atmosphere Interaction and Resolution Dependence over the Gulf Stream.” 2016. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Scher S. Ocean Atmosphere Interaction and Resolution Dependence over the Gulf Stream. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/330959.

Council of Science Editors:

Scher S. Ocean Atmosphere Interaction and Resolution Dependence over the Gulf Stream. [Masters Thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2016. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/330959

Texas A&M University

4. Ignaszewski, Mark Joseph. The vorticity balance of Gulf Stream meanders off North Carolina.

Degree: MS, oceanography, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1983-THESIS-I25

Subjects/Keywords: oceanography.; Major oceanography.; Gulf Stream

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ignaszewski, M. J. (2012). The vorticity balance of Gulf Stream meanders off North Carolina. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1983-THESIS-I25

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ignaszewski, Mark Joseph. “The vorticity balance of Gulf Stream meanders off North Carolina.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1983-THESIS-I25.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ignaszewski, Mark Joseph. “The vorticity balance of Gulf Stream meanders off North Carolina.” 2012. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Ignaszewski MJ. The vorticity balance of Gulf Stream meanders off North Carolina. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1983-THESIS-I25.

Council of Science Editors:

Ignaszewski MJ. The vorticity balance of Gulf Stream meanders off North Carolina. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1983-THESIS-I25

Texas A&M University

5. Chizhuthanickel Sunny, Richards. Numerical Study of Hydrofoils for Water Turbines.

Degree: MS, Ocean Engineering, 2016, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158083

► The major objective of this research was to suggest a water turbine design with higher power efficiency by conducting a parametric study of hydrofoil shapes,… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Gorlov Turbine; Gulf Stream Ocean Currents; Hydrofoils; Power Efficiency; Cavity; Void

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chizhuthanickel Sunny, R. (2016). Numerical Study of Hydrofoils for Water Turbines. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158083

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chizhuthanickel Sunny, Richards. “Numerical Study of Hydrofoils for Water Turbines.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158083.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chizhuthanickel Sunny, Richards. “Numerical Study of Hydrofoils for Water Turbines.” 2016. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Chizhuthanickel Sunny R. Numerical Study of Hydrofoils for Water Turbines. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158083.

Council of Science Editors:

Chizhuthanickel Sunny R. Numerical Study of Hydrofoils for Water Turbines. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158083

University of Maryland

6. Kavvada, Argyro. Atlantic Multidecadal Variability: Surface and Subsurface Thermohaline Structure and Hydroclimate Impacts.

Degree: Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 2014, University of Maryland

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1903/16072

► The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), a sea surface temperature mode of natural variability with dominant timescales of 30 -70 years and largest variations centered on… (more)

▼ The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), a sea surface temperature mode of natural variability with dominant timescales of 30 -70 years and largest variations centered on the northern North Atlantic latitudes is one of the principal climate signals that have earned considerable attention in the recent decades, due to its multilateral impact on both local and remote weather and climate and its importance in predicting extreme events, such as drought development over North America. A 3-dimensional structure of the AMO is constructed based on observations and coupled, ocean-atmosphere 20th century climate simulations. The evolution of modeled, decadal-to-multidecadal variability and its hydroclimate impact is also investigated between two successive model versions participating in the CMIP3 and CMIP5 projects. It is found that both model versions underestimate low frequency variability in the 70-80 and 30-40 year ranges, while overestimating variability in higher frequencies (10-20 year range). In addition, no significant improvements are noted in the simulation of AMO's hydroclimate impact. A subsurface, vertically integrated heat content index (0-1000m) is proposed in an effort to capture the thermal state of the ocean and to understand the origin of AMO variability, especially its surface-subsurface link on decadal- to- multidecadal timescales in the North Atlantic basin. The AMO-HC index exhibits stronger oscillatory behavior and shorter timescales in comparison to the AMO-SST index, while leading the latter by about 5 years. A cooling of the North Atlantic subsurface is discernible in the recent years (mid-2000s -present), a feature that is almost absent at the ocean surface and could have tremendous implications in predicting future North Atlantic climate and in relation to the recent hiatus in the rise of global surface temperatures that was noted in the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessment report. Finally, AMO's decadal variability is shown linked to Gulf Stream's northward surges and the low-frequency NAO, as envisioned by Vinhelm Bjerknes in 1964. A cycle encompassing the low-frequency NAO, Gulf Stream's poleward excursions and the associated shifts in surface winds and SSTs over the subpolar North Atlantic is proposed as a possible mechanism for AMO's origin and a principal target for future research. Advisors/Committee Members: Nigam, Sumant (advisor), Ruiz-Barradas, Alfredo (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Atmospheric sciences; AMO; Gulf Stream; hydroclimate impacts; NAO; subsurface; thermohaline

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kavvada, A. (2014). Atlantic Multidecadal Variability: Surface and Subsurface Thermohaline Structure and Hydroclimate Impacts. (Thesis). University of Maryland. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1903/16072

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kavvada, Argyro. “Atlantic Multidecadal Variability: Surface and Subsurface Thermohaline Structure and Hydroclimate Impacts.” 2014. Thesis, University of Maryland. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/16072.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kavvada, Argyro. “Atlantic Multidecadal Variability: Surface and Subsurface Thermohaline Structure and Hydroclimate Impacts.” 2014. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kavvada A. Atlantic Multidecadal Variability: Surface and Subsurface Thermohaline Structure and Hydroclimate Impacts. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Maryland; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1903/16072.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kavvada A. Atlantic Multidecadal Variability: Surface and Subsurface Thermohaline Structure and Hydroclimate Impacts. [Thesis]. University of Maryland; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1903/16072

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

7. Llopart, Jose Luis Pelegri. Diapycnal Mixing and Mass Transfer in Western Boundary Currents.

Degree: PhD, Ocean/Earth/Atmos Sciences, 1992, Old Dominion University

URL: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/oeas_etds/145

► The distribution of nutrient flux in five sections across the Gulf Stream (from the Florida Straits of 35°W) is characterized by an intense core,… (more)

▼ The distribution of nutrient flux in five sections across the Gulf Stream (from the Florida Straits of 35°W) is characterized by an intense core, centered at the depth of the 26.8 σ_t isopycnal surface. This 'Nutrient Stream' transports nutrients of O(10³ kmol s^-1} of nitrate and proportional amounts of other nutrients. Water mass and nutrient balances of nine isopycnal layers reveal significant diapycnal mixing between upper-thermocline and surface waters in the sector of the Stream between the Florida Straits and the Mid-Atlantic Bight. A two-box model of the nutrient-depleted surface layers (σ_t < 26.8) and the nutrient-rich thermocline layers (26.8< σ_t< 27.5) shows upward one-way transfer and two-way exchange, both at a a rate at about 1.m²s^-1 per unit length of the Stream. We use isopycnic coordinates to analyze a hydrographic section across the Gulf Stream off the Mid-Atlantic Bight. The analysis shows that the Nutrient Stream is characterized by low Richardson numbers, matched by a signature of mixing in the nutrient distribution on isopycnal layers. Analysis of the Jacobian, J = dz/dp (with z the depth and p the potential density), total vorticity and potential vorticity fields, shows that this region has low Jacobians associated with high potential vorticity values, as required theoretically for the case of dominant diapycnal mixing. The diapycnal velocity is calculated from the vertical gradient of the Reynolds density flux, this parameterized as density eddy diffusivity divided by the Jacobian. Regions of large negative diapycnal gradients of the diapycnal velocity coincide with the location of the low Jacobians, suggesting that diapycnal mixing is the consequence of frontogenetically produced anomalies. Fine-scale details of the density distribution in the Nutrient Stream show a 'staircase' structure. We propose a simple model to account for mixed-layer formation in previously stratified regions, once the Richardson number becomes subcritical. Our time scale estimate for the duration of mixing events is of only a few hours. Such events are possibly triggered by enhanced diapycnal gradients of the horizontal velocities in strongly stratified regions, during frontogenesis in Gulf Stream meanders. This process appears responsible for two-way exchange in the Nutrient Stream. Advisors/Committee Members: Gabriel T. Csanady, Larry P. Atkinson, John M. Bane, A. D. Kirwan, Jr..

Subjects/Keywords: Gulf Stream; Nutrient stream; Ocean currents; Oceanography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Llopart, J. L. P. (1992). Diapycnal Mixing and Mass Transfer in Western Boundary Currents. (Doctoral Dissertation). Old Dominion University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/oeas_etds/145

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Llopart, Jose Luis Pelegri. “Diapycnal Mixing and Mass Transfer in Western Boundary Currents.” 1992. Doctoral Dissertation, Old Dominion University. Accessed January 25, 2021. https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/oeas_etds/145.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Llopart, Jose Luis Pelegri. “Diapycnal Mixing and Mass Transfer in Western Boundary Currents.” 1992. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Llopart JLP. Diapycnal Mixing and Mass Transfer in Western Boundary Currents. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Old Dominion University; 1992. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/oeas_etds/145.

Council of Science Editors:

Llopart JLP. Diapycnal Mixing and Mass Transfer in Western Boundary Currents. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Old Dominion University; 1992. Available from: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/oeas_etds/145

Texas A&M University

8. Chen, Grace Man-Lun. Studies of a Kuroshio cold core ring and a comparison with a Gulf Stream ring.

Degree: MS, oceanography, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1979-THESIS-C519

Subjects/Keywords: oceanography.; Major oceanography.; Gulf Stream; Oceanography - Kuroshio.; Oceanography - Gulf Stream.; Kuroshio.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chen, G. M. (2012). Studies of a Kuroshio cold core ring and a comparison with a Gulf Stream ring. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1979-THESIS-C519

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chen, Grace Man-Lun. “Studies of a Kuroshio cold core ring and a comparison with a Gulf Stream ring.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1979-THESIS-C519.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chen, Grace Man-Lun. “Studies of a Kuroshio cold core ring and a comparison with a Gulf Stream ring.” 2012. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Chen GM. Studies of a Kuroshio cold core ring and a comparison with a Gulf Stream ring. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1979-THESIS-C519.

Council of Science Editors:

Chen GM. Studies of a Kuroshio cold core ring and a comparison with a Gulf Stream ring. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1979-THESIS-C519

Texas A&M University

9. Olson, Donald Bruce. Baroclinic instability and the spin down of a gulf stream ring.

Degree: M. S., oceanography, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1976-THESIS-O52

Subjects/Keywords: oceanography.; Major oceanography.; Gulf Stream; Baroclinicity.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Olson, D. B. (2012). Baroclinic instability and the spin down of a gulf stream ring. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1976-THESIS-O52

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Olson, Donald Bruce. “Baroclinic instability and the spin down of a gulf stream ring.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1976-THESIS-O52.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Olson, Donald Bruce. “Baroclinic instability and the spin down of a gulf stream ring.” 2012. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Olson DB. Baroclinic instability and the spin down of a gulf stream ring. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1976-THESIS-O52.

Council of Science Editors:

Olson DB. Baroclinic instability and the spin down of a gulf stream ring. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1976-THESIS-O52

Texas A&M University

10. Lea, Charles Elliot. Pelagic cephalopods of Gulf Stream cyclonic rings.

Degree: MS, oceanography, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1978-THESIS-L433

Subjects/Keywords: oceanography.; Major oceanography.; Cephalopoda - Gulf Stream.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lea, C. E. (2012). Pelagic cephalopods of Gulf Stream cyclonic rings. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1978-THESIS-L433

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lea, Charles Elliot. “Pelagic cephalopods of Gulf Stream cyclonic rings.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1978-THESIS-L433.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lea, Charles Elliot. “Pelagic cephalopods of Gulf Stream cyclonic rings.” 2012. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Lea CE. Pelagic cephalopods of Gulf Stream cyclonic rings. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1978-THESIS-L433.

Council of Science Editors:

Lea CE. Pelagic cephalopods of Gulf Stream cyclonic rings. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1978-THESIS-L433

Duke University

11. Burkholder, Kristin Cashman. Subtropical to Subpolar Lagrangian Pathways in the North Atlantic and Their Impact on High Latitude Property Fields .

Degree: 2011, Duke University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10161/5686

► In response to the differential heating of the earth, atmospheric and oceanic flows constantly act to carry surplus energy from low to high latitudes.… (more)

▼ In response to the differential heating of the earth, atmospheric and oceanic flows constantly act to carry surplus energy from low to high latitudes. In the ocean, this poleward energy flux occurs as part of the large scale meridional overturning circulation: warm, shallow waters are transported to high latitudes where they cool and sink, then follow subsurface pathways equatorward until they are once again upwelled to the surface and reheated. In the North Atlantic, the upper limb of this circulation has always been explained in simplistic terms: the Gulf Stream/North Atlantic Current system carries surface waters directly to high latitudes, resulting in elevated sea surface temperatures in the eastern subpolar gyre, and, because the prevailing winds sweeping across the Atlantic are warmed by these waters, anomalously warm temperatures in Western Europe. This view has long been supported by Eulerian measurements of North Atlantic sea surface temperature and surface velocities, which imply a direct and continuous transport of surface waters between the two gyres. However, though the importance of this redistribution of heat from low to high latitudes has been broadly recognized, few studies have focused on this transport within the Lagrangian frame. The three studies included in this dissertation use data from the observational record and from a high resolution model of ocean circulation to re-examine our understanding of upper limb transport between the subtropical and subpolar gyres. Specifically, each chapter explores intergyre Lagrangian pathways and investigates the impact of those pathways on subpolar property fields. The findings from the studies suggest that intergyre transport pathways are primarily located beneath the surface and that subtropical surface waters are largely absent from the intergyre exchange process, a very different image of intergyre transport than that compiled from Eulerian data alone. As such, these studies also highlight the importance of including 3d Lagrangian information in examinations of transport pathways. Advisors/Committee Members: Lozier, Susan (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Physical Oceanography; Gulf Stream; Lagrangian pathways; Large scale circulation; Mediterranean Overflow Waters; Pathway variability

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APA (6^th Edition):

Burkholder, K. C. (2011). Subtropical to Subpolar Lagrangian Pathways in the North Atlantic and Their Impact on High Latitude Property Fields . (Thesis). Duke University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10161/5686

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Burkholder, Kristin Cashman. “Subtropical to Subpolar Lagrangian Pathways in the North Atlantic and Their Impact on High Latitude Property Fields .” 2011. Thesis, Duke University. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/5686.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Burkholder, Kristin Cashman. “Subtropical to Subpolar Lagrangian Pathways in the North Atlantic and Their Impact on High Latitude Property Fields .” 2011. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Burkholder KC. Subtropical to Subpolar Lagrangian Pathways in the North Atlantic and Their Impact on High Latitude Property Fields . [Internet] [Thesis]. Duke University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10161/5686.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Burkholder KC. Subtropical to Subpolar Lagrangian Pathways in the North Atlantic and Their Impact on High Latitude Property Fields . [Thesis]. Duke University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10161/5686

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of South Carolina

12. Duggan, Brian Daniel. Neodymium Isotopic Signature of the Deep Western Boundary Current and the Distribution of Neodymium Isotopes and Concentrations Across Line W.

Degree: MS, Marine Science, 2014, University of South Carolina

URL: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/3029

► The capacity of the neodymium (Nd) 143Nd/144Nd ratio to trace modern ocean circulation accurately allows for the assumption that the ratio can also accurately… (more)

▼ The capacity of the neodymium (Nd) 143Nd/144Nd ratio to trace modern ocean circulation accurately allows for the assumption that the ratio can also accurately trace paleo ocean circulation. Therefore, a complete understanding of Nd cycling and its effect on the isotopic composition in the oceans is vital. Traditionally, Nd isotopic composition (Nd IC) is considered a conservative property in the open ocean, while coastal and margin environments tend to be dictated by nonconservative exchange processes. However, Nd concentrations ([Nd]) in the open ocean typically display a nutrient like profile, increasing with depth. Such a discrepancy between Nd IC and [Nd] has been referred to as the ‘Nd-Paradox’. In this study, Nd IC and [Nd] profiles are presented along the oceanographic section known as Line W, observing the interaction between the poleward flowing Gulf Stream (GS) and the equatorward Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) in accordance with the international GEOTRACES program. Surface Nd IC along the transect suggest mixing between three end members passing through the study area; fluvial (Nd IC ~ -11.03) from the margin, GS (Nd IC ~ 9.1) from the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean, and subtropical mode water (STMW) (Nd IC ~ -9.5) in the open ocean. Just below the Surface mixed layer a prominent STMW signature, flows from the east through to the subsurface GS. Deeper along the margin, the extremely nonradiogenic Upper Labrador Seawater component to the DWBC remains relatively unchanged as it flows equatorward with a predominant -14.87 Nd IC. Classic Labrador Seawater also suggests a relatively unaltered Nd IC, reporting -13.5. However, two over flow water masses, Denmark Strait overflow water and Iceland Scotland overflow water do not conform to conservative mixing. Throughout the study area, [Nd] shows a surface maximum, consistent with lithogenic deposition. Between ~1000 and 2000 m, concentrations remain relatively consistent, coinciding with Nd IC, as a result of increased horizontal advection. Below 2000 m, [Nd] increase while Nd IC remains relatively consistent, indicative of reversible scavenging onto and off of sinking particles. Resuspended sediment in a benthic nepheloid layer produces an inverse relationship between Nd IC and [Nd], likely resulting from lithogenic material with a nonradiogenic Nd IC deposited to the seafloor. Advisors/Committee Members: Howie Scher.

Subjects/Keywords: Life Sciences; Marine Biology; conservative tracer; DWBC; Gulf Stream; Neodymium; nepheloid layer; reversible scavenging

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APA (6^th Edition):

Duggan, B. D. (2014). Neodymium Isotopic Signature of the Deep Western Boundary Current and the Distribution of Neodymium Isotopes and Concentrations Across Line W. (Masters Thesis). University of South Carolina. Retrieved from https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/3029

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Duggan, Brian Daniel. “Neodymium Isotopic Signature of the Deep Western Boundary Current and the Distribution of Neodymium Isotopes and Concentrations Across Line W.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of South Carolina. Accessed January 25, 2021. https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/3029.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Duggan, Brian Daniel. “Neodymium Isotopic Signature of the Deep Western Boundary Current and the Distribution of Neodymium Isotopes and Concentrations Across Line W.” 2014. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Duggan BD. Neodymium Isotopic Signature of the Deep Western Boundary Current and the Distribution of Neodymium Isotopes and Concentrations Across Line W. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of South Carolina; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/3029.

Council of Science Editors:

Duggan BD. Neodymium Isotopic Signature of the Deep Western Boundary Current and the Distribution of Neodymium Isotopes and Concentrations Across Line W. [Masters Thesis]. University of South Carolina; 2014. Available from: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/3029

13. Oka, Eiichi. Nonlinear Solutions to a Two-Layer Quasi-Geostrophic Model of the Gulf Stream.

Degree: PhD, Ocean/Earth/Atmos Sciences, 1989, Old Dominion University

URL: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/oeas_etds/150

► The Gulf Stream shows a large meander off Cape Hatteras. This is driven by an energy conversion process known as baroclinic instability and observations… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Baroclinicity; Baroclinic models; Gulf Stream; Oceanography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Oka, E. (1989). Nonlinear Solutions to a Two-Layer Quasi-Geostrophic Model of the Gulf Stream. (Doctoral Dissertation). Old Dominion University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/oeas_etds/150

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Oka, Eiichi. “Nonlinear Solutions to a Two-Layer Quasi-Geostrophic Model of the Gulf Stream.” 1989. Doctoral Dissertation, Old Dominion University. Accessed January 25, 2021. https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/oeas_etds/150.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Oka, Eiichi. “Nonlinear Solutions to a Two-Layer Quasi-Geostrophic Model of the Gulf Stream.” 1989. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Oka E. Nonlinear Solutions to a Two-Layer Quasi-Geostrophic Model of the Gulf Stream. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Old Dominion University; 1989. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/oeas_etds/150.

Council of Science Editors:

Oka E. Nonlinear Solutions to a Two-Layer Quasi-Geostrophic Model of the Gulf Stream. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Old Dominion University; 1989. Available from: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/oeas_etds/150

Texas A&M University

14. Weaks, Marcia Lynn. Satellite-observed influences of the New England seamounts on Gulf Stream meanders.

Degree: MS, oceanography, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1986-THESIS-W361

Subjects/Keywords: oceanography.; Major oceanography.; Gulf Stream; Seamounts - North Atlantic Ocean.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Weaks, M. L. (2012). Satellite-observed influences of the New England seamounts on Gulf Stream meanders. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1986-THESIS-W361

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Weaks, Marcia Lynn. “Satellite-observed influences of the New England seamounts on Gulf Stream meanders.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1986-THESIS-W361.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Weaks, Marcia Lynn. “Satellite-observed influences of the New England seamounts on Gulf Stream meanders.” 2012. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Weaks ML. Satellite-observed influences of the New England seamounts on Gulf Stream meanders. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1986-THESIS-W361.

Council of Science Editors:

Weaks ML. Satellite-observed influences of the New England seamounts on Gulf Stream meanders. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1986-THESIS-W361

Texas A&M University

15. Coulter, Robert Earl. An analysis of the thermal structure within the Gulf Stream's shoreward boundary and inshore waters.

Degree: MS, oceanography, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1977-THESIS-C855

Subjects/Keywords: oceanography.; Major oceanography.; Gulf Stream; Ocean temperature.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Coulter, R. E. (2012). An analysis of the thermal structure within the Gulf Stream's shoreward boundary and inshore waters. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1977-THESIS-C855

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Coulter, Robert Earl. “An analysis of the thermal structure within the Gulf Stream's shoreward boundary and inshore waters.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1977-THESIS-C855.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Coulter, Robert Earl. “An analysis of the thermal structure within the Gulf Stream's shoreward boundary and inshore waters.” 2012. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Coulter RE. An analysis of the thermal structure within the Gulf Stream's shoreward boundary and inshore waters. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1977-THESIS-C855.

Council of Science Editors:

Coulter RE. An analysis of the thermal structure within the Gulf Stream's shoreward boundary and inshore waters. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1977-THESIS-C855

University of Alabama

16. Cobb, Robin Michele. Secondary ion mass spectrometer geochemical analysis of secondary infilled areas in stylaster erubescens;.

Degree: 2014, University of Alabama

URL: http://purl.lib.ua.edu/128074

► Paleoceanographers utilize geochemical proxies, such as oxygen isotopic ratios (δ;18;O), that are recorded in coral colonies to reconstruct past ocean conditions. Massive hermatypic corals precipitate… (more)

▼ Paleoceanographers utilize geochemical proxies, such as oxygen isotopic ratios (δ;18;O), that are recorded in coral colonies to reconstruct past ocean conditions. Massive hermatypic corals precipitate skeletal aragonite with a δ;18;O composition that is in disequilibrium with seawater; therefore, compromising their use as a direct proxy for the δ;18;O of seawater (δ18;Oseawater). Previous studies on the family Stylasteridae, an ahermantypic coral, demonstrate that these corals precipitate aragonite in isotopic equilibrium with seawater. Stylasterid corals contain infilled pore spaces of secondary aragonite within the skeletal microstructure, presumably precipitated later in time. The δ;18;O values of these infilled areas have not been studied in detail to determine if they complicate paleoceanographic reconstructions. Stylaster erubescens; coral colonies were collected from the Charleston Bump (31.4°N, -78.8°W), in the Blake Plateau. Infilled and primary skeletal material was analyzed for δ;18;O values using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) on the micrometer scale. SIMS analysis determined that nine of the eleven infilled areas have δ;18;O values within analytical precision (±0.4 , 2σ) of the adjacent primary skeleton. The two infilled areas with differences in primary and secondary δ;18;O values outside 2σ analytical precision have δ;18;O values that are both higher and lower than the surrounding primary skeleton suggesting environmental changes between the time of initial precipitation and later infilling are the source of the variation. The primary skeleton is composed of 1.9% infilled area by area; therefore, when using conventional millimeter-scale sampling infilled areas would not produce a detectable offset in the geochemical record, in this coral species in this location. These results suggest S. erubescens; can be used as an environmental proxy data source in those regions and times where environmental change is minimal and coral contain few infilled pore spaces. (Published By University of Alabama Libraries) Advisors/Committee Members: Andrus, C. Fred T., Peréz-Huerta, Alberto, Olson, Julie B., DeLong, Kristine L., University of Alabama. Dept. of Geological Sciences.

Subjects/Keywords: Electronic Thesis or Dissertation; – thesis; Paleoclimate science; Geochemistry; Biogeochemistry; biomineralization; deep-sea coral; Gulf Stream; oxygen isotopes; SIMS; Stylaster erubescens

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cobb, R. M. (2014). Secondary ion mass spectrometer geochemical analysis of secondary infilled areas in stylaster erubescens;. (Thesis). University of Alabama. Retrieved from http://purl.lib.ua.edu/128074

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cobb, Robin Michele. “Secondary ion mass spectrometer geochemical analysis of secondary infilled areas in stylaster erubescens;.” 2014. Thesis, University of Alabama. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://purl.lib.ua.edu/128074.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cobb, Robin Michele. “Secondary ion mass spectrometer geochemical analysis of secondary infilled areas in stylaster erubescens;.” 2014. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Cobb RM. Secondary ion mass spectrometer geochemical analysis of secondary infilled areas in stylaster erubescens;. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Alabama; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://purl.lib.ua.edu/128074.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Cobb RM. Secondary ion mass spectrometer geochemical analysis of secondary infilled areas in stylaster erubescens;. [Thesis]. University of Alabama; 2014. Available from: http://purl.lib.ua.edu/128074

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Texas A&M University

17. Ma, Xiaohui. A Study of Frontal-Scale Air-Sea Interaction in Midlatitude Western Boundary Current Regimes.

Degree: PhD, Oceanography, 2014, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153332

► Frontal-scale air-sea interactions during boreal winter season in midlatitude western boundary current (WBC) regimes, including the Kuroshio Extension Region (KER) and Gulf Stream Region (GSR),… (more)

▼ Frontal-scale air-sea interactions during boreal winter season in midlatitude western boundary current (WBC) regimes, including the Kuroshio Extension Region (KER) and Gulf Stream Region (GSR), are investigated using both observational (reanalysis) data and regional climate model simulations. The focus of the study is on the KER in the North Pacific. Extreme flux events associated with cold air outbreaks (CAOs) in boreal winter in the KER of the Northwestern Pacific and the GSR of the Northwestern Atlantic are analyzed and compared based on different reanalysis datasets. A close relationship between extreme flux events over the KER/GSR and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)/East Atlantic Pattern (EAP) is found with more frequent occurrence of extreme flux events during a positive PDO/EAP phase. Furthermore, the PDO/EAP may be explained as the rectified effects of the synoptic winter storms accompanied with the extreme flux events. A lag-composite analysis shows that event-day storms tend to have a preferred southeastward propagation path, potentially contributing to the southward shift of the storm track over the eastern North Pacific/Atlantic basin during positive PDO/EAP phase. Using an atmosphere-only model (Weather Research Forecasting, WRF) at 27 km, two ensembles of simulations were conducted for boreal winter season in the North Pacific to study the possible local and remote influence of meso-scale oceanic eddies in the KER on the atmosphere. Filtering out meso-scale oceanic eddies results in a deep tropospheric response along and downstream of the KER, including a significant decrease (increase) in winter season mean rainfall along the KER (west coast of US), a reduction of storm growth rate in the KER, and a southward shift of the jet stream and North Pacific storm track in the eastern North Pacific. A mechanism invoking moist baroclinic instability is proposed to link meso-scale oceanic eddies in the KER to largescale atmospheric circulations and weather patterns in the North Pacific. Using a high-resolution (9 km) coupled regional climate model (CRCM), three sets of experiment were performed to investigate potential feedbacks of ocean-eddy induced atmospheric response to the ocean. Filtering out meso-scale oceanic eddies during coupling causes a surface warming and a weak Kuroshio strength. Advisors/Committee Members: Chang, Ping (advisor), Lin, Xiaopei (committee member), Saravanan, R. (committee member), Hetland, Robert D. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Frontal-Scale; Meso-Scale; Air-Sea Interaction; Kuroshio Extension; Gulf Stream; Storm Track; Extreme Flux Event; Eddy

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ma, X. (2014). A Study of Frontal-Scale Air-Sea Interaction in Midlatitude Western Boundary Current Regimes. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153332

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ma, Xiaohui. “A Study of Frontal-Scale Air-Sea Interaction in Midlatitude Western Boundary Current Regimes.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153332.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ma, Xiaohui. “A Study of Frontal-Scale Air-Sea Interaction in Midlatitude Western Boundary Current Regimes.” 2014. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Ma X. A Study of Frontal-Scale Air-Sea Interaction in Midlatitude Western Boundary Current Regimes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153332.

Council of Science Editors:

Ma X. A Study of Frontal-Scale Air-Sea Interaction in Midlatitude Western Boundary Current Regimes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153332

North Carolina State University

18. Liu, Xiaoming. Numerical Simulations of Gulf Stream Meanders and Eddies and Their Effects on the Cross-Shelf Transport off the Carolina Coast.

Degree: PhD, Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, 2006, North Carolina State University

URL: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/4236

► Gulf Stream meanders and eddies off the Carolina coast are studied using an ocean numerical model. Numerical simulation results show that the isobathic curvature in… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Gulf Stream; meander; numerical simulation; ocean circulation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Liu, X. (2006). Numerical Simulations of Gulf Stream Meanders and Eddies and Their Effects on the Cross-Shelf Transport off the Carolina Coast. (Doctoral Dissertation). North Carolina State University. Retrieved from http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/4236

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Liu, Xiaoming. “Numerical Simulations of Gulf Stream Meanders and Eddies and Their Effects on the Cross-Shelf Transport off the Carolina Coast.” 2006. Doctoral Dissertation, North Carolina State University. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/4236.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Liu, Xiaoming. “Numerical Simulations of Gulf Stream Meanders and Eddies and Their Effects on the Cross-Shelf Transport off the Carolina Coast.” 2006. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Liu X. Numerical Simulations of Gulf Stream Meanders and Eddies and Their Effects on the Cross-Shelf Transport off the Carolina Coast. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. North Carolina State University; 2006. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/4236.

Council of Science Editors:

Liu X. Numerical Simulations of Gulf Stream Meanders and Eddies and Their Effects on the Cross-Shelf Transport off the Carolina Coast. [Doctoral Dissertation]. North Carolina State University; 2006. Available from: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/4236

George Mason University

19. Feng, Xuelei. Understanding Climate Variability and Global Climate Change Using High-resolution GCM Simulations .

Degree: 2016, George Mason University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1920/10589

► In this study, three climate processes are examined using long-term simulations from multiple climate models with increasing horizontal resolutions. These simulations include the European Center… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Atmospheric sciences; General circulation model; Global warming; Gulf Stream; Oceanic front; Precipitation climatology and changes; Storm track variability and predictability

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APA (6^th Edition):

Feng, X. (2016). Understanding Climate Variability and Global Climate Change Using High-resolution GCM Simulations . (Thesis). George Mason University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1920/10589

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Feng, Xuelei. “Understanding Climate Variability and Global Climate Change Using High-resolution GCM Simulations .” 2016. Thesis, George Mason University. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/10589.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Feng, Xuelei. “Understanding Climate Variability and Global Climate Change Using High-resolution GCM Simulations .” 2016. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Feng X. Understanding Climate Variability and Global Climate Change Using High-resolution GCM Simulations . [Internet] [Thesis]. George Mason University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1920/10589.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Feng X. Understanding Climate Variability and Global Climate Change Using High-resolution GCM Simulations . [Thesis]. George Mason University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1920/10589

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

20. Lee, Sang-Ki. Instability Waves in the Gulf Stream Front and Its Thermocline Layer.

Degree: MS, Ocean/Earth/Atmos Sciences, 1993, Old Dominion University

URL: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/oeas_etds/102

► Linear instability calculations were carried out on a three layer Gulf Stream front model in an attempt to elucidate the interaction of the thermocline… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Waves; Gulf Stream; Instability; Thermocline layer; Oceanography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lee, S. (1993). Instability Waves in the Gulf Stream Front and Its Thermocline Layer. (Thesis). Old Dominion University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/oeas_etds/102

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lee, Sang-Ki. “Instability Waves in the Gulf Stream Front and Its Thermocline Layer.” 1993. Thesis, Old Dominion University. Accessed January 25, 2021. https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/oeas_etds/102.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lee, Sang-Ki. “Instability Waves in the Gulf Stream Front and Its Thermocline Layer.” 1993. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Lee S. Instability Waves in the Gulf Stream Front and Its Thermocline Layer. [Internet] [Thesis]. Old Dominion University; 1993. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/oeas_etds/102.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Lee S. Instability Waves in the Gulf Stream Front and Its Thermocline Layer. [Thesis]. Old Dominion University; 1993. Available from: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/oeas_etds/102

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

21. Lipphardt, Bruce L., Jr. Dynamics of Dipoles in the Middle Atlantic Bight.

Degree: PhD, Ocean/Earth/Atmos Sciences, 1995, Old Dominion University

URL: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/oeas_etds/50

► Beginning with the observations made by the Warm-Core Rings program in the early 1980's, several Gulf Stream warm-core rings (WCR's) in the Middle Atlantic… (more)

▼ Beginning with the observations made by the Warm-Core Rings program in the early 1980's, several Gulf Stream warm-core rings (WCR's) in the Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB) have been observed with one or more cyclones around their periphery. These ring systems are observed in the slope water between the Gulf Stream's western boundary and the shelf break. Observations of ring systems have motivated a reanalysis of existing satellite surface temperature imagery, which revealed that multipole structure is common for both warm and cold core rings. This suggests that rings are better characterized as one part of multipole systems rather than as isolated vortices. Dynamical studies of ring systems have been primarily limited to numerical modeling of isolated nonlinear vortices and interactions of vortices with sloping topography. Here, a baroclinic rotating modon model is used to simulate the dynamics of a WCR paired with a peripheral cyclone, over a flat bottom. Observations of WCR 82B and a peripheral cyclone are used to constrain the model parameters. A diagnostic calculation compares model ring and cyclone velocity profiles with observations and provides estimates of ring and dipole energies, as well as an estimate of volume transport across a 150 km section representing the NAB shelf-slope front. In addition, four different methods for estimating the location of the ring and cyclone perimeters are compared. Results are also presented for two evolutionary calculations. The first calculation uses three groups of fluid parcels, allowed to evolve for 14 days, to simulate three flow features apparent in satellite imagery of the WCR 82B system. The second calculation simulates entrainment of shelf water and Gulf Stream water by allowing two long, thin patches of fluid parcels to evolve for 7.4 days. The final parcel distribution is again compared with satellite imagery for the WCR 82B system. These results show that the rotating baroclinic modon model provides a useful dynamical simulation of a dipolar ring system. The model produces a velocity field that is consistent with observations, and it allows ring and dipole energies, volume transport, and ring and cyclone perimeter position to be estimated. Advisors/Committee Members: A. D. Kirwan, Jr., John Adam, Stanford B. Hooker, John Klinck.

Subjects/Keywords: Atlantic Ocean; Gulf Stream rings; cyclone; Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Lipphardt, Bruce L., J. (1995). Dynamics of Dipoles in the Middle Atlantic Bight. (Doctoral Dissertation). Old Dominion University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/oeas_etds/50

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lipphardt, Bruce L., Jr. “Dynamics of Dipoles in the Middle Atlantic Bight.” 1995. Doctoral Dissertation, Old Dominion University. Accessed January 25, 2021. https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/oeas_etds/50.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lipphardt, Bruce L., Jr. “Dynamics of Dipoles in the Middle Atlantic Bight.” 1995. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Lipphardt, Bruce L. J. Dynamics of Dipoles in the Middle Atlantic Bight. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Old Dominion University; 1995. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/oeas_etds/50.

Council of Science Editors:

Lipphardt, Bruce L. J. Dynamics of Dipoles in the Middle Atlantic Bight. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Old Dominion University; 1995. Available from: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/oeas_etds/50

University of Delaware

22. Li, Feili. A study of deep ocean convection and the sea level variability in the North Atlantic.

Degree: PhD, University of Delaware, School of Marine Science & Policy, 2014, University of Delaware

URL: http://udspace.udel.edu/handle/19716/13398

► Aspects of convection in the Labrador Sea and the circulations from the mid- to high-latitude North Atlantic are investigated using a variety of in-situ, satellite,… (more)

▼ Aspects of convection in the Labrador Sea and the circulations from the mid- to high-latitude North Atlantic are investigated using a variety of in-situ, satellite, and atmospheric reanalysis data products. Deep ocean convection in the Labrador Sea has transitioned from a period of intensification during the early 1990s into current stage of weakening with, however, higher variability in strength. Changes in hydrographic properties were used to investigate the evolution of deep convection at the monthly to interannual timescales. The atmospheric forcing characterized by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index has an important role in setting deep convection variability. On one hand, enhanced atmospheric forcing favors the extremely strong convective activity in the Labrador Sea as happened in the winter of 2008. On the other hand, over longer timescales, the cumulative NAO index is significantly correlated to the interannual variations in the heat content and mixed layer depths in the central Labrador Sea. Moreover, although ongoing warming in the intermediate layers tends to impede rigorous convection down to 1500m depth by steadily adding buoyancy, shallow convection will most likely remain active in the near future. The linkages between the horizontal and the overturning circulations in the North Atlantic were investigated in terms of sea level changes based on altimeter observations. A dipole pattern, centered between the Northern Atlantic subpolar region and the region near the Gulf Stream (GS), was observed in the linear trends of the sea surface height anomaly (SSHA). This dipole pattern is essentially associated with the interannual to decadal SSHA oscillations of the two regions. The low-frequency SSHA variability in the subpolar regions more effectively responds to the cumulative NAO forcing and leads that of the GS region by 29 months. Moreover, there is a remarkable reversal of the SSHA trends from the 1990s to the 2000s. This dipole pattern in sea level anomaly is a characteristic spatial pattern for the overturning circulation in the North Atlantic, whose changes closely relate to latitudinal coherence of different processes involved. Besides the dipole pattern in the sea level anomaly, the SSHA was used to investigate various processes at annual and longer timescales. The sea level variations in the subpolar gyre (SPG) are dominated by the annual cycle and the long-term increasing trend. In comparison, the SSHA along the GS is dominated by variability at intra-seasonal and annual timescales. The sea level rise in the SPG developed at a reduced rate in the 2000s compared to rates in the 1990s, which was accompanied by an increase in spectral energy starting from around 2002 after a period of energy loss in the system. These changes in both apparent trend and low-frequency SSHA oscillations reveal the importance of low-frequency variability in the SPG. To identify the possible contributing factors for these changes, the heat content balance (equivalent variations in the sea level) in the subpolar… Advisors/Committee Members: Yan, Xiao-Hai.

Subjects/Keywords: Convection (Oceanography) – Labrador Sea.; Convection (Oceanography) – North Atlantic Ocean.; Sea level – Labrador Sea.; Sea level – North Atlantic Ocean.; North Atlantic oscillation.; Gulf Stream.; Convection (Oceanography); Sea level.; Atlantic Ocean – Gulf Stream.; Atlantic Ocean – Labrador Sea.; North Atlantic Ocean.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Li, F. (2014). A study of deep ocean convection and the sea level variability in the North Atlantic. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Delaware. Retrieved from http://udspace.udel.edu/handle/19716/13398

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Li, Feili. “A study of deep ocean convection and the sea level variability in the North Atlantic.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Delaware. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://udspace.udel.edu/handle/19716/13398.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Li, Feili. “A study of deep ocean convection and the sea level variability in the North Atlantic.” 2014. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Li F. A study of deep ocean convection and the sea level variability in the North Atlantic. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Delaware; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://udspace.udel.edu/handle/19716/13398.

Council of Science Editors:

Li F. A study of deep ocean convection and the sea level variability in the North Atlantic. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Delaware; 2014. Available from: http://udspace.udel.edu/handle/19716/13398

Texas A&M University

23. Cohen, Robert Lester. Atmospheric influences on Gulf Stream fluctuations off Onslow Bay, North Carolina.

Degree: MS, oceanography, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1981-THESIS-C678

Subjects/Keywords: oceanography.; Major oceanography.; Gulf Stream; Oceanography.; Ocean currents.; Ocean-atmosphere interaction.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cohen, R. L. (2012). Atmospheric influences on Gulf Stream fluctuations off Onslow Bay, North Carolina. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1981-THESIS-C678

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cohen, Robert Lester. “Atmospheric influences on Gulf Stream fluctuations off Onslow Bay, North Carolina.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1981-THESIS-C678.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cohen, Robert Lester. “Atmospheric influences on Gulf Stream fluctuations off Onslow Bay, North Carolina.” 2012. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Cohen RL. Atmospheric influences on Gulf Stream fluctuations off Onslow Bay, North Carolina. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1981-THESIS-C678.

Council of Science Editors:

Cohen RL. Atmospheric influences on Gulf Stream fluctuations off Onslow Bay, North Carolina. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1981-THESIS-C678

24. Mullen, Caitlin Patrice. Flow Kinematics and Dynamics of the Gulf Stream From Composite Imagery.

Degree: PhD, Ocean/Earth/Atmos Sciences, 1994, Old Dominion University

URL: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/oeas_etds/137

► A unique set of contemporaneous satellite-tracked drifters and five-day composite satellite images of the North Atlantic is studied in order to infer the near-surface… (more)

▼ A unique set of contemporaneous satellite-tracked drifters and five-day composite satellite images of the North Atlantic is studied in order to infer the near-surface flow kinematics and dynamics of the Gulf Stream. Using fractal and spectral analyses, two kinematic models, and a potential vorticity model, detailed comparisons are made between these data sets. Fractal and spectral analyses show that the data set is not fractal, there is no geographic variability, and there is not a strong fractal scaling link between the drifter trajectories and composite temperature fronts as had been postulated by several investigators. These results indicate considerably more work needs to be performed before fractal analysis can relate surface flow characteristics with geometric properties of images. Kinematic analysis of the contemporaneous data set is used to infer kinematic properties of the flow field including flow along temperature fronts. This was achieved by using thermal field characteristics obtained from composite images in conjunction with kinematic feature models. Of the two kinematic models used for this phase of the study, it was found that Bower (1991) presents a better feature model than Dutkiewicz et al. (1993). A barotropic potential vorticity model was developed to incorporate some dynamics into the analysis of the meandering Gulf Stream. Results show that there is good correlation between the drifter data, composite images, and the model trajectories. There are two central results that have emerged from this study. The first is that considerable caution should be used in inferring fractal properties of both trajectories and images. This is a potentially powerful analysis tool, but, contrary to the claims of other scientists, there is little, if any scaling link between the flow and surface temperature fields. The other result is that composite imagery and a suitable feature model can be used to infer flow along temperature fronts. This should have major ramifications on the quantitative use of image data. Advisors/Committee Members: A. D. Kirwan, Jr., Larry P. Atkinson, Charles R. McClain.

Subjects/Keywords: Image analysis; Remote sensing; Flow kinetics; Gulf Stream; Oceanography; Spatial Science

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mullen, C. P. (1994). Flow Kinematics and Dynamics of the Gulf Stream From Composite Imagery. (Doctoral Dissertation). Old Dominion University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/oeas_etds/137

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mullen, Caitlin Patrice. “Flow Kinematics and Dynamics of the Gulf Stream From Composite Imagery.” 1994. Doctoral Dissertation, Old Dominion University. Accessed January 25, 2021. https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/oeas_etds/137.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mullen, Caitlin Patrice. “Flow Kinematics and Dynamics of the Gulf Stream From Composite Imagery.” 1994. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Mullen CP. Flow Kinematics and Dynamics of the Gulf Stream From Composite Imagery. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Old Dominion University; 1994. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/oeas_etds/137.

Council of Science Editors:

Mullen CP. Flow Kinematics and Dynamics of the Gulf Stream From Composite Imagery. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Old Dominion University; 1994. Available from: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/oeas_etds/137

North Carolina State University

25. Borkowski, Matthew Paul. The Significance of Boundary-Layer and Upper-Level Processes in Wintertime Extratropical Cyclogenesis.

Degree: MS, Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, 2006, North Carolina State University

URL: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/1002

► Winter storms along the U.S. East Coast can significantly impact the nation's economy. Despite improvement in recent decades, numerical models still produce false alarms or… (more)

▼ Winter storms along the U.S. East Coast can significantly impact the nation's economy. Despite improvement in recent decades, numerical models still produce false alarms or underestimate storm development. Operational meteorologists often seek simple analysis methods to quickly condense the wealth of meteorological information into a format that can be easily interpreted. For this reason, the Atlantic Surface Cyclone Intensification Index (ASCII) and Improved ASCII (I-ASCII) were developed. ASCII relates the pre-storm low-level baroclinicity to the deepening rate of East Coast cyclones, while I-ASCII adds a measure of upper-level forcing. Such products are meant to supplement numerical models and help forecasters quickly gauge the likelihood of a rapidly deepening cyclone. One purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of I-ASCII at the National Weather Service (NWS) office in Wilmington, NC for the winter of 2005-2006. Unfortunately, major storms did not occur during the study period preventing a statistically significant analysis from being performed. However, some useful analysis was still performed. It was found that ASCII outperformed I-ASCII for all observed cases due to the conflicting grid resolutions used for the original I-ASCII development and its operational implementation. Three quick fixes are proposed: the first to interpolate the analysis to the grids from which the real-time 500-mb absolute vorticity was originally obtained; the second to correlate the values of 500-mb absolute vorticity maxima between the two conflicting grids; the third to employ the ijskip variable in GEMPAK to effectively reduce grid spacing. Only the third solution will allow I-ASCII to outperform ASCII consistently suggesting that it is the broad net effect of the upper-level divergence pattern which is important in storm development as opposed to the fine details of the pattern. The second part of this research was to determine the source of bad I-ASCII forecasts. Two cases were chosen: December 25, 2002 in which I-ASCII performed well; and December 14, 2003 in which I-ASCII performed poorly. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, operated with a 12-km outer domain and 4-km nested domain, was used to simulate the two cases using high resolution sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) and North American Regional Reanalysis data. The most likely source of I-ASCII error is the quantification of upper-level forcing using 500-mb absolute vorticity, which is highly dependant on grid resolution. In addition, the location, timing, and orientation of vorticity maxima are essential to the evolution of the surface low, but are not included in I-ASCII. Lastly, two WRF simulations were performed for the February 12, 2006 winter storm. The first objective was to determine whether there are any fundamental differences in the development of Miller Type-A and Type-B snowstorms with respect to the performance of I-ASCII. While there were no significant differences in how well I-ASCII handles the two storm… Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Yuh-Lang Lin, Committee Member (advisor), Dr. Sethu Raman, Committee Co-Chair (advisor), Dr. Gary Lackmann, Committee Co-Chair (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: cyclogenesis; baroclinicity; model simulations; gulf stream; absolute vorticity; surface heat fluxes

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Borkowski, M. P. (2006). The Significance of Boundary-Layer and Upper-Level Processes in Wintertime Extratropical Cyclogenesis. (Thesis). North Carolina State University. Retrieved from http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/1002

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Borkowski, Matthew Paul. “The Significance of Boundary-Layer and Upper-Level Processes in Wintertime Extratropical Cyclogenesis.” 2006. Thesis, North Carolina State University. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/1002.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Borkowski, Matthew Paul. “The Significance of Boundary-Layer and Upper-Level Processes in Wintertime Extratropical Cyclogenesis.” 2006. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Borkowski MP. The Significance of Boundary-Layer and Upper-Level Processes in Wintertime Extratropical Cyclogenesis. [Internet] [Thesis]. North Carolina State University; 2006. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/1002.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Borkowski MP. The Significance of Boundary-Layer and Upper-Level Processes in Wintertime Extratropical Cyclogenesis. [Thesis]. North Carolina State University; 2006. Available from: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/1002

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

26. Piazza, Marie. Influence des petites échelles océaniques associées au Gulf Stream sur les interactions air-mer et impact sur la variabilité atmosphérique de l'Atlantique Nord : Regulation of the spatio-temporal replication program during early Xenopus development.

Degree: Docteur es, Océan, atmosphère et surfaces continentales, 2015, Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30065

► L'objectif de cette thèse est d'analyser l'influence des petites échelles spatiales de la température de surface de la mer (SST) au niveau d'un front océanique… (more)

▼ L'objectif de cette thèse est d'analyser l'influence des petites échelles spatiales de la température de surface de la mer (SST) au niveau d'un front océanique sur la variabilité du climat aux moyennes latitudes. Nous nous intéressons à l'effet du front de SST associé au Gulf Stream sur la couche limite atmosphérique marine et la troposphère libre, et sur la variabilité atmosphérique de grande échelle sur le bassin Atlantique Nord et l'Europe. L'approche utilisée repose sur la réalisation d'expériences numériques avec un modèle d'atmosphère global à haute résolution (environ 50 km aux moyennes latitudes), d'abord en configuration forcée par des SST journalières observées puis en configuration couplée avec un modèle d'océan dynamique. La première partie de cette thèse s'intéresse aux effets du forçage océanique de petite échelle spatiale et aux échelles de temps saisonnières à inter-annuelle sur l'atmosphère localement, et sur la variabilité de grande échelle sur le bassin Atlantique Nord. Deux ensembles (quatre membres) d'expériences forcées sont réalisées, l'une avec des SST globales à haute résolution (0.25°) et la deuxième où les SST sont lissées à 4° dans la région du Gulf Stream, de façon à filtrer la variabilité spatiale de petite échelle dans la zone de front. Localement, le modèle capture la réponse au forçage de petite échelle de la SST sur les variations de vent de petite échelle en hiver, mais la sous-estime d'un facteur 1/3 par rapport aux observations. L'évaluation du modèle par rapport aux réanalyses montrent que la variabilité spatiale de grande échelle (courant jet, régimes de temps) est bien reproduite par le modèle aux moyennes latitudes sur l'Atlantique Nord et l'Europe. La comparaison entre les deux expériences montre que les variations spatiales de petite échelle de la SST dans la région du Gulf Stream influencent en profondeur la colonne atmosphérique jusqu'à la troposphère libre (convergence des vents par ajustement hydrostatique en pression dans la couche limite, augmentation des flux de chaleur turbulents à la surface par la déstabilisation de la couche limite, augmentation des précipitations convectives sur la face chaude et diminution sur la face froide du front). Localement, les tempêtes extra-tropicales montrent un renforcement de la route dépressionnaire sur la partie sud (chaude) du front, et une diminution sur la partie nord (froide). Sur le reste du bassin Euro-Atlantique Nord, la réponse des tempêtes extra-tropicales aux petites échelles de SST dépend de la circulation de grande échelle. En particulier, nous montrons qu'une augmentation des tempêtes fortes sur le bassin Méditerranéen est associée à un renforcement du jet subtropical dans cette région. Nos analyses suggèrent que le déplacement et l'intensification de ce jet provient du changement d'occurrence des déferlements d'ondes de Rossby sur l'Atlantique Nord. La deuxième partie de cette thèse s'intéresse à l'effet des rétroactions atmosphériques sur les petites échelles spatiales de SST, et la sensibilité de l'interaction… Advisors/Committee Members: Terray, Laurent (thesis director), Boe, Julien (thesis director).

Subjects/Keywords: Couplage océan-atmosphère; Variabilité climatique aux moyennes latitudes; Gulf Stream; Interaction air-mer de petite échelle; Route dépressionnaire de l'Atlantique Nord; Front océanique

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Piazza, M. (2015). Influence des petites échelles océaniques associées au Gulf Stream sur les interactions air-mer et impact sur la variabilité atmosphérique de l'Atlantique Nord : Regulation of the spatio-temporal replication program during early Xenopus development. (Doctoral Dissertation). Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30065

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Piazza, Marie. “Influence des petites échelles océaniques associées au Gulf Stream sur les interactions air-mer et impact sur la variabilité atmosphérique de l'Atlantique Nord : Regulation of the spatio-temporal replication program during early Xenopus development.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30065.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Piazza, Marie. “Influence des petites échelles océaniques associées au Gulf Stream sur les interactions air-mer et impact sur la variabilité atmosphérique de l'Atlantique Nord : Regulation of the spatio-temporal replication program during early Xenopus development.” 2015. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Piazza M. Influence des petites échelles océaniques associées au Gulf Stream sur les interactions air-mer et impact sur la variabilité atmosphérique de l'Atlantique Nord : Regulation of the spatio-temporal replication program during early Xenopus development. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30065.

Council of Science Editors:

Piazza M. Influence des petites échelles océaniques associées au Gulf Stream sur les interactions air-mer et impact sur la variabilité atmosphérique de l'Atlantique Nord : Regulation of the spatio-temporal replication program during early Xenopus development. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier; 2015. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30065

Florida Atlantic University

27. Bak, Andrew Spicer. Coating selection process for Gulf Stream hydroturbines.

Degree: M.S.C.S., 2009, Florida Atlantic University

URL: http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/368607

►

Summary: The study addresses the coating selection for a proposed placement of a hydroturbine into the Gulf Stream. The turbine will generate energy in a… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Hydraulic turbines – Gulf Stream – Materials – Testing; Coatings – Thermal properties; Protective coatings

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bak, A. S. (2009). Coating selection process for Gulf Stream hydroturbines. (Masters Thesis). Florida Atlantic University. Retrieved from http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/368607

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bak, Andrew Spicer. “Coating selection process for Gulf Stream hydroturbines.” 2009. Masters Thesis, Florida Atlantic University. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/368607.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bak, Andrew Spicer. “Coating selection process for Gulf Stream hydroturbines.” 2009. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Bak AS. Coating selection process for Gulf Stream hydroturbines. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Florida Atlantic University; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/368607.

Council of Science Editors:

Bak AS. Coating selection process for Gulf Stream hydroturbines. [Masters Thesis]. Florida Atlantic University; 2009. Available from: http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/368607

University of Hawaii – Manoa

28. Ott, Mark Patrick. Sea change: The Gulf Stream and the transformation of Ernest Hemingway's style, 1932 - 1952.

Degree: 2008, University of Hawaii – Manoa

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/682

► The dissertation argues that the transformations in Ernest Hemingway's writing style and his philosophy of the natural world between 1932 and 1952 can be attributed… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: American Studies; American Literature; Biographies; Sylistic transformation; Gulf Stream; Hemingway, Ernest

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ott, M. P. (2008). Sea change: The Gulf Stream and the transformation of Ernest Hemingway's style, 1932 - 1952. (Thesis). University of Hawaii – Manoa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10125/682

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ott, Mark Patrick. “Sea change: The Gulf Stream and the transformation of Ernest Hemingway's style, 1932 - 1952.” 2008. Thesis, University of Hawaii – Manoa. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/682.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ott, Mark Patrick. “Sea change: The Gulf Stream and the transformation of Ernest Hemingway's style, 1932 - 1952.” 2008. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Ott MP. Sea change: The Gulf Stream and the transformation of Ernest Hemingway's style, 1932 - 1952. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Hawaii – Manoa; 2008. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/682.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ott MP. Sea change: The Gulf Stream and the transformation of Ernest Hemingway's style, 1932 - 1952. [Thesis]. University of Hawaii – Manoa; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/682

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

29. Yang, Xiufeng. Ocean current energy resource assessment for the United States.

Degree: PhD, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2013, Georgia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50352

► Ocean currents are an attractive source of clean energy due to their inherent reliability, persistence and sustainability. The Gulf Stream system is of particular interest… (more)

▼ Ocean currents are an attractive source of clean energy due to their inherent reliability, persistence and sustainability. The Gulf Stream system is of particular interest as a potential energy resource to the United States with significant currents and proximity to the large population on the U.S. east coast. To assess the energy potential from ocean currents for the United States, the characterization of ocean currents along the U.S. coastline is performed in this dissertation. A GIS database that maps the ocean current energy resource distribution for the entire U.S. coastline and also provides joint velocity magnitude and direction probability histograms is developed. Having a geographical constraint by Florida and the Bahamas, the Florida Current has the largest ocean current resource which is fairly stable with prevalent seasonal variability in the upper layer of the water column (~200m). The core of the Florida Current features higher stability than the edges as a result of the meandering and seasonal broadening of the current flow. The variability of the Gulf Stream significantly increases as it flows past the Cape Hatteras. The theoretical energy balance in the Gulf Stream system is examined using the two-dimensional ocean circulation equations based on the assumptions of the Stommel model for quasi-geostrophic subtropical gyres. Additional turbine drag is formulated and incorporated in the model to represent power extraction by turbines. Parameters in the model are calibrated against ocean observational data such that the model can reproduce the volume and kinetic energy fluxes in the Gulf Stream. The results show that considering extraction over a region comprised of the entire Florida Current portion of the Gulf Stream system, the theoretical upper bound of averaged power dissipation is around 5.1 GW, or 45 TWh/yr. If the extraction area comprises the entire portion of the Gulf Stream within 200 miles of the U.S. coastline, the theoretical upper bound of averaged power dissipation becomes approximately 18.6 GW or 163 TWh/yr. The impact of the power extraction is primarily constrained in the vicinity of the turbine region, and includes a significant reduction of flow strength and water level drop in the power extraction site. The turbines also significantly reduce residual energy fluxes in the flow, and cause redirection of the Gulf Stream. A full numerical simulation of the ocean circulation in the Atlantic Ocean is performed using Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) and power extraction from the Florida Current is modeled as additional momentum sink. Effects of power extraction are shown to include flow rerouting from the Florida Strait channel to the east side of the Bahamas. Flow redirection is stronger during peak summer flow resulting in less seasonal variability in both power extraction and residual fluxes in the Florida Current. A significant water level drop is shown at the power extraction site, and so is a slight water level rise along the coasts of Florida and the Gulf. The sum of extracted… Advisors/Committee Members: Haas, Kevin A. (advisor), Fritz, Hermann M. (committee member), Roberts, Philip J. (committee member), Di Lorenzo, Emanuele (committee member), Work, Paul A. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Ocean current energy; Gulf Stream system; Resource assessment; Renewable energy sources; Ocean energy resources; Ocean wave power; Gulf Stream

…4.3 4.4 Location of the selected cross-section (red line) in the Gulf Stream… …57 Distribution of the non-dimensional localized turbine drag in the Gulf Stream (… …of localized energy dissipation from the Gulf Stream by turbines. . . . . . . . 72 4.18… …flow in the western boundaries due to the Coriolis Effect. The Gulf Stream system is the… …Gulf Stream. The Gulf Stream system is of particular interest as a potential energy resource…

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Yang, X. (2013). Ocean current energy resource assessment for the United States. (Doctoral Dissertation). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50352

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Yang, Xiufeng. “Ocean current energy resource assessment for the United States.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia Tech. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50352.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Yang, Xiufeng. “Ocean current energy resource assessment for the United States.” 2013. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Yang X. Ocean current energy resource assessment for the United States. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50352.

Council of Science Editors:

Yang X. Ocean current energy resource assessment for the United States. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50352

North Carolina State University

30. Bright, Robert James Jr. A Statistical and Synoptic Investigation of Tropical Cyclone Intensity Changes Over the Gulf Stream Along the Southeast Coast of the United States.

Degree: MS, Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, 2003, North Carolina State University

URL: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/971

► Cases of unexpected rapid intensity changes of tropical cyclones (TCs) close to the coast of the United States (U.S.) such as Opal (1995), Bertha (1996),… (more)

▼ Cases of unexpected rapid intensity changes of tropical cyclones (TCs) close to the coast of the United States (U.S.) such as Opal (1995), Bertha (1996), and Lili (2002) have prompted more research into the factors that affect TC strength. It is well known that along with large-scale environmental and storm-scale internal influences, TC intensity is also influenced by interactions with the underlying ocean. In particular, warm ocean currents such as the Loop Current (LC) in the Gulf of Mexico and the Gulf Stream (GS) along the U.S. East Coast can provide these storms with extra energy through enhanced heat and moisture fluxes. However, the extent to which each of these factors is important is not as well understood. Although previous studies have investigated the potential impact of the LC and its associated warm-core eddy in helping to strengthen TCs, none have focused exclusively on what impact the GS may have. Thus, this research attempts to document the importance of the GS in influencing the strength of TCs approaching the Southeast Coast of the U.S. This was accomplished by performing a climatological study of 48 TCs that crossed the GS during the period 1944-2000 as well as case studies of three recent landfalling hurricanes in North Carolina. In addition, an empirical-statistical prediction scheme was developed to forecast the net intensity changes of TCs over the GS. The statistical analysis based on historical "best track" data suggested that the GS helped to either enhance or at least maintain the strength of most storms. In fact, 75% and 72% of TCs either intensified or maintained their strength over the GS according to maximum wind speed (MWS) and minimum central pressure (MCP), respectively. Moreover, most of these storms experienced greater intensification rates than they had prior to reaching the GS. Composite analysis revealed that strengthening of TCs over the GS was typically associated with a trough northwest of the TC similar to the results of previous studies. It is believed that the trough could contribute positively to the storm by steering it along the GS, which would allow for increased TC-GS interaction, and/or through direct TC-trough interaction. On the other hand, weakening was associated with two different synoptic scenarios. The first is a situation in which no trough is present northwest of the TC, thus allowing the storm to move across the GS rather than along it. This would essentially limit the TC-GS interaction. In fact, the climatological study revealed that the weakening cases spent less than half the time over the GS on average than the storms that intensified. The second scenario is one in which the trough northwest of the TC is stronger than for the intensifying cases. Such a setup would likely lead to increased wind shear over the storm. Thus, the negative effect of shear would likely dominate any positive contributions from the trough (e.g., increased upper-level outflow, enhanced momentum fluxes, etc.). Based on the results of the climatological… Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Lian Xie, Committee Chair (advisor), Dr. Len Pietrafesa, Committee Member (advisor), Dr. Al Riordan, Committee Member (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: climatology; Gulf Stream; hurricane intensity; tropical cyclone intensity; air-sea interaction; western boundary currents

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Bright, R. J. J. (2003). A Statistical and Synoptic Investigation of Tropical Cyclone Intensity Changes Over the Gulf Stream Along the Southeast Coast of the United States. (Thesis). North Carolina State University. Retrieved from http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/971

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bright, Robert James Jr. “A Statistical and Synoptic Investigation of Tropical Cyclone Intensity Changes Over the Gulf Stream Along the Southeast Coast of the United States.” 2003. Thesis, North Carolina State University. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/971.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bright, Robert James Jr. “A Statistical and Synoptic Investigation of Tropical Cyclone Intensity Changes Over the Gulf Stream Along the Southeast Coast of the United States.” 2003. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Bright RJJ. A Statistical and Synoptic Investigation of Tropical Cyclone Intensity Changes Over the Gulf Stream Along the Southeast Coast of the United States. [Internet] [Thesis]. North Carolina State University; 2003. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/971.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Bright RJJ. A Statistical and Synoptic Investigation of Tropical Cyclone Intensity Changes Over the Gulf Stream Along the Southeast Coast of the United States. [Thesis]. North Carolina State University; 2003. Available from: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/971

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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