subject:(Geophysics)

Colorado School of Mines

1. Kamath, Nishant. Full-waveform inversion in 2D VTI media.

Degree: 2016, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10116167

► Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a technique designed to produce a high-resolution model of the subsurface by using information contained in entire seismic waveforms. This… (more)

▼ Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a technique designed to produce a high-resolution model of the subsurface by using information contained in entire seismic waveforms. This thesis presents a methodology for FWI in elastic VTI (transversely isotropic with a vertical axis of symmetry) media and discusses synthetic results for heterogeneous VTI models. First, I develop FWI for multicomponent data from a horizontally layered VTI model. The reflectivity method, which permits computation of only PP reflections or a combination of PP and PSV events, is employed to model the data. The Gauss-Newton technique is used to invert for the interval Thomsen parameters, while keeping the densities fixed at the correct values. Eigenvalue/eigenvector decompostion of the Hessian matrix helps analyze the sensitivity of the objective function to the model parameters. Whereas PP data alone are generally sufficient to constrain all four Thomsen parameters even for conventional spreads, including PS reflections provides better constraints, especially for the deeper part of the model. Next, I derive the gradients of the FWI objective function with respect to the stiffness coefficients of arbitrarily anisotropic media by employing the adjoint-state method. From these expressions, it is straightforward to compute the gradients for parameters of 2D heterogeneous VTI media. FWI is implemented in the time domain with the steepest-descent method used to iteratively update the model. The algorithm is tested on transmitted multicomponent data generated for Gaussian anomalies in Thomsen parameters embedded in homogeneous VTI media. To test the sensitivity of the objective function to different model parameters, I derive an an- alytic expression for the Fréchet kernel of FWI for arbitrary anisotropic symmetry by using the Born approximation and asymptotic Green’s functions. The amplitude of the kernel, which represents the radiation pattern of a secondary source (that source describes a perturbation in a model parameter), yields the angle-dependent energy scattered by the perturbation. Then the radiation patterns are obtained for anomalies in VTI parameters embedded in isotropic homogeneous media and employed to analyze the inversion results for the transmission FWI experiments. To understand some of the challenges posed by data recorded in surface surveys, I generate the multicomponent wavefield for a model based on a geologic section of the Valhall Field in the North Sea. A multiscale approach is adopted to perform FWI in the time domain. For the available offset range, diving-wave energy illuminates the top 1.5 km of the section, with the updates in the deeper regions due primarily to the reflections. FWI is tested for three model parameterizations and the results are explained in terms of the P- and SV-radiation patterns described above. These parameterizations lead to different trade-offs, and the choice of parameterization for a given data set depends on the recorded offset range, the…

Subjects/Keywords: Geophysics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kamath, N. (2016). Full-waveform inversion in 2D VTI media. (Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10116167

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kamath, Nishant. “Full-waveform inversion in 2D VTI media.” 2016. Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10116167.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kamath, Nishant. “Full-waveform inversion in 2D VTI media.” 2016. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Kamath N. Full-waveform inversion in 2D VTI media. [Internet] [Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2016. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10116167.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kamath N. Full-waveform inversion in 2D VTI media. [Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2016. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10116167

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Colorado School of Mines

2. Singh, Satyan. An inverse scattering approach to imaging using Marchenko equations in the presence of a free surface.

Degree: 2016, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10125227

► The Green's function is the impulse response of a system and is used to infer the properties of the system from surface measurements. In… (more)

▼ The Green's function is the impulse response of a system and is used to infer the properties of the system from surface measurements. In exploration seismology, imaging algorithms use estimates of the Green's functions along with surface measurements to image the subsurface, i.e. locate the Earth's interfaces and its properties, so as to identify valuable energy resources. These conventional imaging algorithms only account for singly reflected waves (primaries) in the subsurface and hence, in the subsurface image, produce false interfaces in the presence of multiply reflected waves (internal and free-surface multiples). Recent work has shown that we can retrieve the Green's function that accounts for primaries and internal multiples. Imaging with these Green's functions reduces the artifacts caused by internal multiples compared to conventional imaging algorithms. These Green's functions require the free-surface multiples to be removed from the surface measurements before retrieval and imaging. I modify the retrieval of the Green's function to account for free-surface reflections and therefore no longer require the free-surface multiples to be removed from the surface measurements. Thus the Green's function, in the method I propose, includes not only primaries and internal multiples but also free-surface multiples. These Green's functions are constructed from an arbitrary point in the subsurface (no physical receiver is required at this location) to the surface. The method I use to retrieve the Green's function does not specify the approach to image the subsurface. In this thesis I also analyze different imaging strategies using the retrieved Green's functions. Imaging with these Green's functions reduces the artifacts caused by multiply reflected waves compared to standard imaging algorithms. Significantly, the Green's function that I retrieve and use for imaging require the same inputs as conventional imaging algorithms: the surface measurements and a smooth version of the subsurface velocity. I also extend the construction of the Green's function from the subsurface to the surface to any two arbitrary points in the subsurface (no physical source or physical receiver is required at either of these locations). This Green's function is called the virtual Green's function and includes all the primaries, internal and free-surface multiples. The virtual Green's function retrieval requires the same inputs as the previously mentioned Green's functions.

Subjects/Keywords: Geophysics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Singh, S. (2016). An inverse scattering approach to imaging using Marchenko equations in the presence of a free surface. (Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10125227

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Singh, Satyan. “An inverse scattering approach to imaging using Marchenko equations in the presence of a free surface.” 2016. Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10125227.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Singh, Satyan. “An inverse scattering approach to imaging using Marchenko equations in the presence of a free surface.” 2016. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Singh S. An inverse scattering approach to imaging using Marchenko equations in the presence of a free surface. [Internet] [Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2016. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10125227.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Singh S. An inverse scattering approach to imaging using Marchenko equations in the presence of a free surface. [Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2016. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10125227

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

3. Dhar, Mahesh Singh. Station delays, their standard deviations, and event relocations in the Reno-area basin from a dense USArray flexible array deployment during the 2008 west Reno earthquake swarm.

Degree: 2010, University of Nevada, Reno

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1480794

► The seismic hazard of a sedimentary basin is high. The basin depth and its geometry control the amplification of ground motion. So from the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Geophysics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Dhar, M. S. (2010). Station delays, their standard deviations, and event relocations in the Reno-area basin from a dense USArray flexible array deployment during the 2008 west Reno earthquake swarm. (Thesis). University of Nevada, Reno. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1480794

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dhar, Mahesh Singh. “Station delays, their standard deviations, and event relocations in the Reno-area basin from a dense USArray flexible array deployment during the 2008 west Reno earthquake swarm.” 2010. Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1480794.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dhar, Mahesh Singh. “Station delays, their standard deviations, and event relocations in the Reno-area basin from a dense USArray flexible array deployment during the 2008 west Reno earthquake swarm.” 2010. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Dhar MS. Station delays, their standard deviations, and event relocations in the Reno-area basin from a dense USArray flexible array deployment during the 2008 west Reno earthquake swarm. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Nevada, Reno; 2010. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1480794.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Dhar MS. Station delays, their standard deviations, and event relocations in the Reno-area basin from a dense USArray flexible array deployment during the 2008 west Reno earthquake swarm. [Thesis]. University of Nevada, Reno; 2010. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1480794

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

4. Thompson, Mayo. Analysis of shear wave velocity measurements for prediction uncertainties in Southern California.

Degree: 2010, University of Nevada, Reno

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1480803

► With the relatively sparse number of direct V_S30 measurements in Southern California, researchers have created various proxies to estimate this predictor of ground motion.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Geophysics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Thompson, M. (2010). Analysis of shear wave velocity measurements for prediction uncertainties in Southern California. (Thesis). University of Nevada, Reno. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1480803

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Thompson, Mayo. “Analysis of shear wave velocity measurements for prediction uncertainties in Southern California.” 2010. Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1480803.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Thompson, Mayo. “Analysis of shear wave velocity measurements for prediction uncertainties in Southern California.” 2010. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Thompson M. Analysis of shear wave velocity measurements for prediction uncertainties in Southern California. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Nevada, Reno; 2010. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1480803.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Thompson M. Analysis of shear wave velocity measurements for prediction uncertainties in Southern California. [Thesis]. University of Nevada, Reno; 2010. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1480803

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Oregon

5. Beachly, Matthew William. The upper crustal P-wave velocity structure of Newberry volcano, Central Oregon.

Degree: 2011, University of Oregon

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1497098

► The upper-crustal seismic-velocity structure of Newberry volcano, central Oregon, is imaged using P-wave travel time tomography. The inversion combines a densely-spaced seismic line collected… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Geophysics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Beachly, M. W. (2011). The upper crustal P-wave velocity structure of Newberry volcano, Central Oregon. (Thesis). University of Oregon. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1497098

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Beachly, Matthew William. “The upper crustal P-wave velocity structure of Newberry volcano, Central Oregon.” 2011. Thesis, University of Oregon. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1497098.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Beachly, Matthew William. “The upper crustal P-wave velocity structure of Newberry volcano, Central Oregon.” 2011. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Beachly MW. The upper crustal P-wave velocity structure of Newberry volcano, Central Oregon. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Oregon; 2011. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1497098.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Beachly MW. The upper crustal P-wave velocity structure of Newberry volcano, Central Oregon. [Thesis]. University of Oregon; 2011. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1497098

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Oregon

6. Alba, Sequoia. ETS in tidal records.

Degree: 2012, University of Oregon

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1505095

► Uplift rates associated with 12 episodic tremor and slip events on the Cascadia Subduction Zone occurring between 1997 and 2010 have been determined from… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Geophysics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Alba, S. (2012). ETS in tidal records. (Thesis). University of Oregon. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1505095

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Alba, Sequoia. “ETS in tidal records.” 2012. Thesis, University of Oregon. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1505095.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Alba, Sequoia. “ETS in tidal records.” 2012. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Alba S. ETS in tidal records. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Oregon; 2012. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1505095.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Alba S. ETS in tidal records. [Thesis]. University of Oregon; 2012. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1505095

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

7. Frary, Roxanna. Fault Imaging with High-Resolution Seismic Reflection for Earthquake Hazard and Geothermal Resource Assessment in Reno, Nevada.

Degree: 2012, University of Nevada, Reno

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1512428

► The Truckee Meadows basin is situated adjacent to the Sierra Nevada microplate, on the western boundary of the Walker Lane. Being in the transition… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Geophysics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Frary, R. (2012). Fault Imaging with High-Resolution Seismic Reflection for Earthquake Hazard and Geothermal Resource Assessment in Reno, Nevada. (Thesis). University of Nevada, Reno. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1512428

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Frary, Roxanna. “Fault Imaging with High-Resolution Seismic Reflection for Earthquake Hazard and Geothermal Resource Assessment in Reno, Nevada.” 2012. Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1512428.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Frary, Roxanna. “Fault Imaging with High-Resolution Seismic Reflection for Earthquake Hazard and Geothermal Resource Assessment in Reno, Nevada.” 2012. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Frary R. Fault Imaging with High-Resolution Seismic Reflection for Earthquake Hazard and Geothermal Resource Assessment in Reno, Nevada. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Nevada, Reno; 2012. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1512428.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Frary R. Fault Imaging with High-Resolution Seismic Reflection for Earthquake Hazard and Geothermal Resource Assessment in Reno, Nevada. [Thesis]. University of Nevada, Reno; 2012. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1512428

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

8. Ghosh, Attreyee. Elucidating lithosphere-mantle coupling by modeling the lithospheric stress field and predicting plate motions.

Degree: 2009, State University of New York at Stony Brook

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3338160

► Even after the establishment of the plate tectonic theory nearly four decades ago, some fundamental questions have still not been satisfactorily answered. What drives… (more)

▼ Even after the establishment of the plate tectonic theory nearly four decades ago, some fundamental questions have still not been satisfactorily answered. What drives the Earth’s plates? Are plates and mantle coupled, and if so, what is the nature of that coupling? What is the role of density buoyancy-driven flow in driving the plates? These are some of the questions we try to address in our study through a joint modeling of lithosphere dynamics and mantle convection. If the initial coupling model is correct, the predicted stresses will match the observed deformation along the plate boundary zones and the predicted velocities will match the observed plate motions. We model the lithospheric deviatoric stress field from gravitational potential energy (GPE) differences and compare our modeled stress tensor field with velocity gradient tensor field along the Earth’s deforming plate boundary zones (from GSRM). The deviatoric stresses due to active basal tractions acting at the base of the lithosphere, arising from density buoyancy-driven mantle convection, are also compared with the strain rate tensor dataset from GSRM. We find that the combined stresses from lithosphere and mantle buoyancies yield the best fit to the deformation indicators, especially in areas of continental deformation. This is most likely due to driving shear tractions induced by the surrounding mantle, related to the history of subduction in those areas. We also generate plate motions in our convection models by incorporating lateral viscosity variations generated by major geological features of the Earth, such as the continent-ocean divide, the presence of cratonic roots as well as age differences in the oceanic lithosphere. For each structure, we predict the deviatoric stress field, the pattern of poloidal and toroidal flow and the partitioning ratio between toroidal/poloidal velocities. The predicted deviatoric stress field is added to the deviatoric stresses generated by lithosphere buoyancies and the total stress field is compared with strain rate tensor information from GSRM. The best-fit model has to satisfy both the constraints of matching the plate motions and the deviatoric stress field simultaneously. By using both these constraints, we are able to eliminate several types of models and narrow down significantly the set of models that fit the observations.

Subjects/Keywords: Geophysics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ghosh, A. (2009). Elucidating lithosphere-mantle coupling by modeling the lithospheric stress field and predicting plate motions. (Thesis). State University of New York at Stony Brook. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3338160

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ghosh, Attreyee. “Elucidating lithosphere-mantle coupling by modeling the lithospheric stress field and predicting plate motions.” 2009. Thesis, State University of New York at Stony Brook. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3338160.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ghosh, Attreyee. “Elucidating lithosphere-mantle coupling by modeling the lithospheric stress field and predicting plate motions.” 2009. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Ghosh A. Elucidating lithosphere-mantle coupling by modeling the lithospheric stress field and predicting plate motions. [Internet] [Thesis]. State University of New York at Stony Brook; 2009. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3338160.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ghosh A. Elucidating lithosphere-mantle coupling by modeling the lithospheric stress field and predicting plate motions. [Thesis]. State University of New York at Stony Brook; 2009. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3338160

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Stanford University

9. Gashawbeza Mengesha, Ewenet. Nature of the crust and upper mantle beneath Northwest Basin-and-Range and East Africa using passive-source seismic data.

Degree: 2009, Stanford University

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3364518

► In this thesis, I present my contribution towards the understanding of rifting processes responsible for the shaping of two tectonic environments. The first region… (more)

▼ In this thesis, I present my contribution towards the understanding of rifting processes responsible for the shaping of two tectonic environments. The first region of interest is the Basin-and-Ranges province, a region actively deforming in a wide rifting mode, and the second is the Main Ethiopian Rift, a region actively deforming in a narrow rifting mode. The Basin-and-Range Province of western North America is one of the best regions in the world for the study of processes related to continental rifting. It is a broad and elevated region of intracontinental stretching currently extending in a wide rift mode. I primarily focused on the northwest corner of the Basin-and-Range province, which is a transition zone between a highly extended region in the east to a region where there is less extension in the west. The composition and structure of the crust beneath this region and its relationship with the upper-crustal extension is not adequately understood. The Main Ethiopian Rift is part of the East African Rift System, which provides a modern analog to help us understand how continents break apart. The exact mechanism of rift formation is an on-going debate among geologists and geophysicists. Seismic characteristics of the upper-mantle and its relationship with the current rifting processes and volcanism need to be understood. In this research project I demonstrated the use of receiver functions, wide-angle refraction, shear-wave splitting, and tomographic approaches to find answers for the above outstanding questions. For the Basin-and-Range province study I used teleseismic data collected by a Stanford University seismic experiment supplemented by data from nearby USArray and Berkeley digital stations to develop insights into the characteristics of the crust in the northwest corner of the Basin-and-Range province. I combined teleseismic waveform data from a PASSCAL short-period seismic network and the USArray transportable broadband stations to study crustal thickness variations and rock properties beneath the northwest Basin-and-Range region. For the Main Ethiopian Rift study I used data collected during the EAGLE (Ethiopia-Afar Geoscientific Lithospheric Experiment) project and the EBSE (Ethiopian Broadband Seismic Experiment). I used shear-wave splitting measurements to understand the relationship between splitting parameters and interaction of Cenozoic rifting and magmatism with the older Precambrian lithosphere fabrics in Ethiopia. Upper-mantle anisotropy may be caused either by present asthenospheric mantle flow or by frozen signatures of former deformation and stress conditions in the lithosphere. We find that the mantle anisotropy beneath East Africa is more dominated by deformational events in the Proterozoic times occurring within the lithosphere than the present-day processes in the sublithospheric mantle. Consequently, the distribution and magnitude of anisotropy provided valuable data to constrain the role of the mantle in the tectonic…

Subjects/Keywords: Geophysics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gashawbeza Mengesha, E. (2009). Nature of the crust and upper mantle beneath Northwest Basin-and-Range and East Africa using passive-source seismic data. (Thesis). Stanford University. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3364518

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gashawbeza Mengesha, Ewenet. “Nature of the crust and upper mantle beneath Northwest Basin-and-Range and East Africa using passive-source seismic data.” 2009. Thesis, Stanford University. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3364518.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gashawbeza Mengesha, Ewenet. “Nature of the crust and upper mantle beneath Northwest Basin-and-Range and East Africa using passive-source seismic data.” 2009. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Gashawbeza Mengesha E. Nature of the crust and upper mantle beneath Northwest Basin-and-Range and East Africa using passive-source seismic data. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stanford University; 2009. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3364518.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Gashawbeza Mengesha E. Nature of the crust and upper mantle beneath Northwest Basin-and-Range and East Africa using passive-source seismic data. [Thesis]. Stanford University; 2009. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3364518

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

10. Goldberg, Daniel N. Numerical and theoretical treatment of grounding line movement and ice shelf buttressing in marine ice sheets.

Degree: 2009, New York University

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3365701

► Understanding the dynamics of marine ice sheets is integral to studying the evolution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet in both the short and long… (more)

▼ Understanding the dynamics of marine ice sheets is integral to studying the evolution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet in both the short and long terms. An important component of the dynamics, grounding line migration, has proved difficult to represent in numerical models, with undesirable behavior such as sensitivity to grid resolution having been observed. Most successful attempts at representing grounding line migration have made use of techniques that are only readily applicable to flowline models, such as Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian schemes. It remains unclear whether a purely Eulerian flowline model can reproduce the actual solution of the governing differential equations, as well as what the theoretical properties of that solution are. In addition, in order to capture the stress transmission involved in another important dynamic component, the buttressing of a marine ice sheet by its ice shelf, the transverse flow direction must also be resolved. Here a numerical model is developed that solves the time-dependent Shelfy-Stream equations [MacAyeal, 1989] and makes use of mesh adaption techniques to overcome the difficulties typically associated with the numerics of grounding line migration. In the special case of a flowline model, it is shown that the Shelfy-Stream equations have a unique solution provided constraints on the initial condition and the forcing are satisfied, and the convergence properties of the model are examined. Model output is also compared with a recent benchmark for flowline models. It is shown that our model yields an accurate solution while using far less resources than would be required without mesh adaption. It is also shown that the mesh adapting techniques extend to two horizontal dimensions. Experiments are carried out to determine how both ice shelf buttressing and ice rises affect the marine instability predicted for an ice sheet on a foredeepened bed. It is found that buttressing is not always sufficient to stabilize such a sheet but collapse of the grounded portion is still greatly delayed. It is also shown that the effect of an ice rise is similar to that of narrowing the ice shelf.

Subjects/Keywords: Geophysics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Goldberg, D. N. (2009). Numerical and theoretical treatment of grounding line movement and ice shelf buttressing in marine ice sheets. (Thesis). New York University. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3365701

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Goldberg, Daniel N. “Numerical and theoretical treatment of grounding line movement and ice shelf buttressing in marine ice sheets.” 2009. Thesis, New York University. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3365701.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Goldberg, Daniel N. “Numerical and theoretical treatment of grounding line movement and ice shelf buttressing in marine ice sheets.” 2009. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Goldberg DN. Numerical and theoretical treatment of grounding line movement and ice shelf buttressing in marine ice sheets. [Internet] [Thesis]. New York University; 2009. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3365701.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Goldberg DN. Numerical and theoretical treatment of grounding line movement and ice shelf buttressing in marine ice sheets. [Thesis]. New York University; 2009. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3365701

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of California, San Diego

11. Wheelock, Brent David. Electromagnetic Imaging of the Crust and Upper Mantle across the Continental Margin in Central California.

Degree: 2013, University of California, San Diego

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3546692

► Electromagnetic methods, particularly magnetotelluric (MT) sounding, are often used to detect fluids in the crust and upper mantle. Recently, MT studies on land have… (more)

▼ Electromagnetic methods, particularly magnetotelluric (MT) sounding, are often used to detect fluids in the crust and upper mantle. Recently, MT studies on land have focused on the deep structure of the San Andreas fault (SAF) in central California. One of these studies found a region of high conductivity, interpreted as a local abundance of pore fluid, southwest of the fault at depths corresponding to the lower crust and upper mantle. The study also identified a change in the connection of this deep conductor to the root of the SAF as their measurements moved along the strike of the fault. It was proposed that a change in access of fluids to the deep extension of the fault, as evidenced by the modeled resistivity of the region, is responsible for the observed change in behavior of both earthquakes and non-volcanic tremor along the central Californian segment of the SAF. As an effort to extend knowledge of the resistivity structure into the offshore environment of central California, as well as to better constrain the interpretations made onshore, the Marine Electromagnetic Research Group at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography collected marine MT and controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) data there. Our single profile of data extends an existing profile of land data. In this dissertation I interpret both profiles of MT data, land and marine, jointly. Inversions of the amphibious dataset produce a resistivity model that is similar to previous results. However, upon closer inspection it was found that the marine data and the land data solicit antithetical structures. I suspected this to be caused by distortion from bathymetry that varies in three dimensions (3D), which is a problem because our 2D models assume that the earth is uniform in the horizontal dimension perpendicular to our profile. Few numerical methods exist to calculate the effects of 3D bathymetry in the necessary detail, so I improved upon an established thin-sheet technique to allow for higher resolution models. With this method I estimated how the effects of 3D bathymetry along our profile deviate from those predicted by an analogous 2D model. The effects are significant relative to the data errors used in inversion. As a test, I created synthetic data from both 2D and 3D bathymetric models, and invert them with a 2D inversion algorithm. Surprisingly, the inversion of 2D data did not recover the simple model used to create the synthetic data. Anomalous structures were introduced that weakly resembled those found in the models derived from actual data. Inversion of the 3D data made matters worse; the same artifacts found with 2D data became more extreme and their resemblance to the features in the results from actual data was enhanced. I concluded that the results from applying the established 2D inversion scheme on the actual data cannot be trusted, as is likely the case for the work on the same data that was previously published by others. The thin-sheet modeling suggests that future interpretations must at…

Subjects/Keywords: Geophysics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wheelock, B. D. (2013). Electromagnetic Imaging of the Crust and Upper Mantle across the Continental Margin in Central California. (Thesis). University of California, San Diego. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3546692

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wheelock, Brent David. “Electromagnetic Imaging of the Crust and Upper Mantle across the Continental Margin in Central California.” 2013. Thesis, University of California, San Diego. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3546692.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wheelock, Brent David. “Electromagnetic Imaging of the Crust and Upper Mantle across the Continental Margin in Central California.” 2013. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Wheelock BD. Electromagnetic Imaging of the Crust and Upper Mantle across the Continental Margin in Central California. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California, San Diego; 2013. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3546692.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wheelock BD. Electromagnetic Imaging of the Crust and Upper Mantle across the Continental Margin in Central California. [Thesis]. University of California, San Diego; 2013. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3546692

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of California, Berkeley

12. Wiseman, Kelly Grijalva. The Far Reach of Megathrust Earthquakes| Evolution of Stress, Deformation and Seismicity Following the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Rupture.

Degree: 2013, University of California, Berkeley

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3556000

► Starting with the 2004 M_w 9.2 megathrust event, Southeast Asia has been home to an exceptional amount of seismic activity over the past eight… (more)

▼ Starting with the 2004 M_w 9.2 megathrust event, Southeast Asia has been home to an exceptional amount of seismic activity over the past eight years. The series of megathrust earthquakes have been imperfect dominoes, rupturing the northernmost section of the Sunda subduction zone in 2004, then the Nias segment next in line to the south in 2005, followed by the Bengkulu earthquake ∼750 km further south in 2007. The Bengkulu earthquake skipped over the northern Mentawai segment, which has not ruptured in a great event since 1797. However, the subduction zone has not been silent is this section. Analysis of focal mechanisms and geodetic data reveals the reactivation of the Mentawai backthrust system in the overriding plate, and a large, deep earthquake near the city of Padang in 2009 is shown through finite fault inversions and aftershock analysis to have obliquely ruptured the subducting slab. At the same time, the entire region spanning from the Indian Ocean, through the trench and forearc islands, and throughout Thailand has been aseismically deforming in response to the stress changes in the mantle following the megathrust earthquakes. Geodetic observations of postseismic deformation during the first five years following the 2004 earthquake have shown that the far-field regions of Thailand and the Malay Peninsula have moved more postseismically than coseismically, peaking at ∼0.4 m of horizontal displacement in Phuket. In 2012, the stress changes associated with this continued postseismic deformation, along with the initial push from the megathrust earthquakes, appears to have triggered the largest instrumentally recorded strike-slip earthquake. This was a complex earthquake, consisting of four conjugate fault segments, that ruptured the diffuse India-Australia plate boundary zone. Understanding how the faults interact throughout the subduction system, from the incoming plate, to the slab, to the megathrust interface, and overriding plate is an essential part of determining the future seismic hazard for Southeast Asia.

Subjects/Keywords: Geophysics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wiseman, K. G. (2013). The Far Reach of Megathrust Earthquakes| Evolution of Stress, Deformation and Seismicity Following the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Rupture. (Thesis). University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3556000

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wiseman, Kelly Grijalva. “The Far Reach of Megathrust Earthquakes| Evolution of Stress, Deformation and Seismicity Following the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Rupture.” 2013. Thesis, University of California, Berkeley. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3556000.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wiseman, Kelly Grijalva. “The Far Reach of Megathrust Earthquakes| Evolution of Stress, Deformation and Seismicity Following the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Rupture.” 2013. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Wiseman KG. The Far Reach of Megathrust Earthquakes| Evolution of Stress, Deformation and Seismicity Following the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Rupture. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California, Berkeley; 2013. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3556000.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wiseman KG. The Far Reach of Megathrust Earthquakes| Evolution of Stress, Deformation and Seismicity Following the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Rupture. [Thesis]. University of California, Berkeley; 2013. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3556000

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

13. Yang, Hongfeng. Study of earthquake fault zone structures by aftershock location and high-frequency waveform modeling.

Degree: 2010, Saint Louis University

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3419780

► In this study, I analyzed high frequency waveforms of local earthquakes to map crustal faults and to investigate fine structures of fault zone (FZ).… (more)

▼ In this study, I analyzed high frequency waveforms of local earthquakes to map crustal faults and to investigate fine structures of fault zone (FZ). In order to determine the fault plane of the 18 April 2008 Illinois earthquake, I first developed a sliding-window cross-correlation (SCC) detection technique and applied the technique to continuous waveforms recorded by the Cooperative New Madrid Seismic Network stations. The technique detected more than 120 aftershocks down to ML 1.0 in the 2 week time window following the mainshock, which is three times more than the number of aftershocks reported by the seismic network. Most aftershocks happened within 24 hrs of the mainshock. I then relocated all events by the double-difference relocation algorithm. Accurate P- and S-wave differential arrival times between events were obtained by waveform cross correlation. After relocation, I used the L1 norm to fit all located events by a plane to determine the mainshock fault plane. The best-fit plane has a strike of 292°±11° and dips 81°±11° to the northeast. This plane agrees well with the focal mechanism solutions of the mainshock and four largest aftershocks. By combining the aftershock locations and focal mechanism solutions, I concluded that the 18 April earthquake occurred on a nearly vertical left-lateral strike-slip fault orienting in the west-northwest-east-southeast direction. The fault coincides with the proposed left-stepping Divide accommodation zone in the La Salle deformation belt and indicates reactivation of old deformation zone by contemporary stresses in the Midcontinent. To investigate fine structures of the San Jacinto fault zone and the Calico fault zone in southern California, I used P- and S-wave travel times and waveforms of local earthquakes recorded by temporary arrays across the faults. In the San Jacinto fault zone study, I developed a method to determine the depth extent of the low-velocity zone (LVZ) associated with a FZ using S-wave precursors. The precursors are diffracted S waves around the edges of LVZ and their relative amplitudes to the direct S waves are sensitive to LVZ depth. I applied the method to data recorded by three temporary arrays across three branches of the San Jacinto fault zone. The FZ dip was constrained by differential travel times of P waves between stations at two side of the FZ. Other FZ parameters (width and velocity contrast) were determined by modelling waveforms of direct and FZ-reflected P and S waves. I found that the LVZ of the Buck Ridge fault branch has a width of ∼150 m with a 30–40 per cent reduction in V_p and a 50–60 per cent reduction in V_s. The fault dips 70° to southwest and its LVZ extends only to 2±1 km in depth. The LVZ of the Clark Valley fault branch has a width of ∼200 m with 40 per cent reduction in V_p and 50 per cent reduction in V_s.…

Subjects/Keywords: Geophysics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Yang, H. (2010). Study of earthquake fault zone structures by aftershock location and high-frequency waveform modeling. (Thesis). Saint Louis University. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3419780

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Yang, Hongfeng. “Study of earthquake fault zone structures by aftershock location and high-frequency waveform modeling.” 2010. Thesis, Saint Louis University. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3419780.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Yang, Hongfeng. “Study of earthquake fault zone structures by aftershock location and high-frequency waveform modeling.” 2010. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Yang H. Study of earthquake fault zone structures by aftershock location and high-frequency waveform modeling. [Internet] [Thesis]. Saint Louis University; 2010. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3419780.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Yang H. Study of earthquake fault zone structures by aftershock location and high-frequency waveform modeling. [Thesis]. Saint Louis University; 2010. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3419780

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Southern California

14. Bailey, Iain W. Heterogeneity of earthquake stress drops, focal mechanisms and active fault zones.

Degree: 2009, University of Southern California

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3368693

► Faults and fault networks are heterogeneous structures where elastic strain from ongoing tectonic motions is released in earthquakes. Three studies presented in this thesis… (more)

▼ Faults and fault networks are heterogeneous structures where elastic strain from ongoing tectonic motions is released in earthquakes. Three studies presented in this thesis aim to illustrate the importance of fault heterogeneity using numerical models and quantify fault heterogeneity using earthquake data. In the first part, a model fault consisting of a grid of discrete slip patches surrounded by a 3-D elastic half-space is used to investigate the statistics of earthquake stress drops. Predictions for stress drops on a homogeneous fault with properties constrained by experiments are an order of magnitude larger than typical observations from seismic data. In the model, heterogeneous frictional properties result in an evolving distribution of spatially heterogeneous stress. Since stress must exceed the fault strength only in the hypocenter region, lower average stress at times of rupture lead to stress drops consistently lower than predictions for a homogeneous fault. The second part of the thesis concerns quantifying the geometry of earthquake faulting for different spatial scales and magnitude ranges in a plate boundary region. We compute and compare potency tensor summations of subsets of a catalog containing ∼ 170,00 focal mechanisms for 0 < M_L ≤ 5 earthquakes from southern California. Results indicate that earthquake deformation is influenced by scales related to plate tectonic motions (∼ 700 km), large scale fault zones (∼ 50–250 km) and smaller geometric complexities (∼ 5–50 km). However, individual fault zone length-scales have distinct characteristics, indicating departure from self-similarity despite the lack of a single characteristic length-scale. In the third part of the thesis higher quality focal mechanisms are used to compare levels of heterogeneity between nine strike-slip fault zones in California. Focal mechanism heterogeneity is quantified using two measures that represent the scatter and asymmetry in faulting orientations, both computed from normalized potency tensor summations. The scatter correlates with complexity of the fault surface traces, and asymmetry correlates with the dominant fault orientation relative to plate motion directions. These observations indicate that focal mechanism heterogeneity relates both the long term evolutionary properties of the fault zone and the ability of the fault to efficiently release plate tectonic strains.

Subjects/Keywords: Geophysics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Bailey, I. W. (2009). Heterogeneity of earthquake stress drops, focal mechanisms and active fault zones. (Thesis). University of Southern California. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3368693

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bailey, Iain W. “Heterogeneity of earthquake stress drops, focal mechanisms and active fault zones.” 2009. Thesis, University of Southern California. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3368693.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bailey, Iain W. “Heterogeneity of earthquake stress drops, focal mechanisms and active fault zones.” 2009. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Bailey IW. Heterogeneity of earthquake stress drops, focal mechanisms and active fault zones. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Southern California; 2009. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3368693.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Bailey IW. Heterogeneity of earthquake stress drops, focal mechanisms and active fault zones. [Thesis]. University of Southern California; 2009. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3368693

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

15. Yano, Tomoko Elizabeth. Kinematic Earthquake Sources of High and Low Frequencies and Their Relation to Earth Structure.

Degree: 2013, University of California, Santa Barbara

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3553796

► In this thesis, we studied the earthquake process from a dual perspective: i.e. modeling the complex Earth medium and the earthquake dislocations at the… (more)

▼ In this thesis, we studied the earthquake process from a dual perspective: i.e. modeling the complex Earth medium and the earthquake dislocations at the source. These two fundamental aspects define the ground motion. Existing kinematic source models are essentially based on the low frequencies contained in the seismic signals (< 1 Hz). Due to our limited knowledge of the Earth medium, the high frequencies in the seismic signals are difficult to be modeled properly. In order to optimize our understanding of the complex earthquake rupture process, a synthesis of both the Earth medium and source model is required. For modeling the complex Earth medium, we developed a tomographic method that exploits the ellipticity of the fundamental Rayleigh wave (ZH ratio). This method enables us to constrain the shear-wave velocity in a narrower target depth range than conventional methods. The ZH ratio method has been applied to the crust and upper mantle beneath the GEOSCOPE stations. The results show that low-velocity zones exist beneath some stations near hotspots. The ZH ratio was applied to the L'Aquila basin area to constrain the shallow velocity structure prior to a kinematic source inversion of the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake. Because of differences in the slip models derived from seismological or geodetic data, we introduced a new strategy to differentiate between slip that occurs co-seismically and that occurs as early post-seismic afterslip. The results suggest that the co-seismic rupture was followed by a slow-slip event with significant moment release in the first day. Lastly, we discussed the development of a back-propagation method to map high-frequency spatial-temporal seismic wave radiation sources onto the fault plane. The new approach considers the free surface reverberations and the fault geometry while existing methods doesn't. Based on results from a synthetic test, we demonstrate that the new back-propagation method is better than existing back-projection method because it not only can locate the spatial-temporal locations of the target sources but also can fairly well recover their amplitudes.

Subjects/Keywords: Geophysics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Yano, T. E. (2013). Kinematic Earthquake Sources of High and Low Frequencies and Their Relation to Earth Structure. (Thesis). University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3553796

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Yano, Tomoko Elizabeth. “Kinematic Earthquake Sources of High and Low Frequencies and Their Relation to Earth Structure.” 2013. Thesis, University of California, Santa Barbara. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3553796.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Yano, Tomoko Elizabeth. “Kinematic Earthquake Sources of High and Low Frequencies and Their Relation to Earth Structure.” 2013. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Yano TE. Kinematic Earthquake Sources of High and Low Frequencies and Their Relation to Earth Structure. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California, Santa Barbara; 2013. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3553796.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Yano TE. Kinematic Earthquake Sources of High and Low Frequencies and Their Relation to Earth Structure. [Thesis]. University of California, Santa Barbara; 2013. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3553796

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Alaska Fairbanks

16. Habermann, Marijke. Basal shear strength inversions for ice sheets with an application to Jakobshavn Isbrae, Greenland.

Degree: 2014, University of Alaska Fairbanks

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3607054

► Satellite and in situ observations of ice sheet outlet glaciers around the turn of the 21^st century showed that rapid changes in ice dynamics… (more)

▼ Satellite and in situ observations of ice sheet outlet glaciers around the turn of the 21^st century showed that rapid changes in ice dynamics are possible and important for the evolution of ice sheets. When attempting to model these dynamic changes the conditions at the ice-bed interface are crucial. Inverse methods can be used to infer basal properties, such as the basal yield stress, from abundant surface velocity observations by using a physical model of ice flow. Inverse methods are very powerful, but they need to be applied with care, otherwise errors can dominate the solution. In this study we investigate the potentials and caveats of inverse methods. Synthetic experiments can be designed where basal conditions are assumed and an ice flow model is used to produce a set of 'synthetic' surface velocities. These can then be used to examine and evaluate inverse methods. We find that in iterative inverse methods it is essential to use a stopping criterion that will prevent overfitting the data. We introduce a new and rapidly-converging iterative inverse method called Incomplete Gauss Newton method, where the linearized problem is partly minimized in each step. In a practical application of inverse methods to the terminus region of Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland we investigate changes in basal conditions over time by performing inversions for different years of available surface velocity data. We find a decrease in basal yield stress in the lower areas of the glacier that agrees with effective pressure changes due to the changes in ice geometry. This supports an ocean and terminus driven system. The difference between the modeled and observed velocity fields, called residual, contains information about the ability to reproduce the velocities when only adjustment of the basal condition is allowed. With a properly regularized inversion the residual patterns can be used to investigate sources of error in the system. We find that the ice geometry and the model simplifications influence the ability to reproduce observed velocity fields more than the error in observed velocity does. This indicates that further progress must come from model improvements and improved capabilities to measure bedrock geometry.

Subjects/Keywords: Geophysics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Habermann, M. (2014). Basal shear strength inversions for ice sheets with an application to Jakobshavn Isbrae, Greenland. (Thesis). University of Alaska Fairbanks. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3607054

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Habermann, Marijke. “Basal shear strength inversions for ice sheets with an application to Jakobshavn Isbrae, Greenland.” 2014. Thesis, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3607054.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Habermann, Marijke. “Basal shear strength inversions for ice sheets with an application to Jakobshavn Isbrae, Greenland.” 2014. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Habermann M. Basal shear strength inversions for ice sheets with an application to Jakobshavn Isbrae, Greenland. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Alaska Fairbanks; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3607054.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Habermann M. Basal shear strength inversions for ice sheets with an application to Jakobshavn Isbrae, Greenland. [Thesis]. University of Alaska Fairbanks; 2014. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3607054

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of California – San Diego

17. Yao, Qian. Dynamic Modeling of Earthquake Sources on Rough Faults.

Degree: Geophysics (Joint Doc SDSU), 2017, University of California – San Diego

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3h37c2x5

► Surface roughness is a universal characteristic of natural faults. Roughness can be represented statistically as a random field that is approximately self-similar over many orders… (more)

▼ Surface roughness is a universal characteristic of natural faults. Roughness can be represented statistically as a random field that is approximately self-similar over many orders of magnitude in scale-length with a ratio of amplitude to length scale that typically falls into the range 10−3 to 10−2. Incorporating realistic rough fault surface into 3D numerical simulations of earthquake dynamic rupture provides guidance to build kinematic rupture generator.We have built a database of more than 1000 simulations of 3D strike slip dynamic rupture for different realizations of rough fault surfaces at different fault roughness levels. We first have explored the role of the fault roughness in influencing the 1-point and 2-point statistics of earthquake source parameters such as rupture velocity, peak slip rate, total slip, and slip rise time. Fault roughness reduces the amplitudes of rupture velocity, peak slip rate, rise time and total slip. Then, we have extended our study to assess supershear transition mechanisms that operate in 3D on rough faults and what factors contribute to the frequency of occurrence and spatial extent of supershear rupture episodes. We have reconciled the conflict that the supershear is favored by fault roughness from 2D numerical simulation (Bruhat et al., 2016) and unfavored by fault roughness from field observations (Bouchon et al., 2010) by dividing supershear into two types supershear transitions: free surface supershear transition and buried supershear transition.Finally, we have investigated how well simulated earthquake behaviors on rough fault relate to direct geological observations, such as free surface lateral slip, plastic strain, and shallow slip deficits. We have found that fault roughness in the form of a power law leads to self-affine surface lateral slip, which is in agreement with recent optical imaging observations in the 1992 Landers earthquake (Milliner et al., 2015). Also fault roughness tends to produce individual events with large shallow slip deficits, which may help explain the suggestion that has been made, based on a small number of earthquakes, that the SSD tends to be larger on immature faults.

Subjects/Keywords: Geophysics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Yao, Q. (2017). Dynamic Modeling of Earthquake Sources on Rough Faults. (Thesis). University of California – San Diego. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3h37c2x5

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Yao, Qian. “Dynamic Modeling of Earthquake Sources on Rough Faults.” 2017. Thesis, University of California – San Diego. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3h37c2x5.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Yao, Qian. “Dynamic Modeling of Earthquake Sources on Rough Faults.” 2017. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Yao Q. Dynamic Modeling of Earthquake Sources on Rough Faults. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2017. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3h37c2x5.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Yao Q. Dynamic Modeling of Earthquake Sources on Rough Faults. [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2017. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3h37c2x5

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of California – Santa Cruz

18. Avants, Megan. Effects Of Near-Source Heterogeneity On Wave Fields Emanating From Crustal Sources Observed At Regional And Teleseismic Distances.

Degree: Earth Science, 2014, University of California – Santa Cruz

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1694v6gj

► Near-source path effects imprint the wave field emanating from a seismic source and, if not well resolved, can obscure the details of source characteristics determined… (more)

▼ Near-source path effects imprint the wave field emanating from a seismic source and, if not well resolved, can obscure the details of source characteristics determined from observations of the seismic waves at regional and teleseismic distances (>200 km). These effects are particularly strong for crustal sources such as shallow earthquakes and underground nuclear explosions. First, I explore 2D effects of random seismic P-wave velocity heterogeneity resulting from volumetric heterogeneity in the upper mantle and variability of the Moho on the amplitude decay of the regional phase Pn. Results indicate that the pattern of amplitude decay due to geometric spreading for a simple Earth model is more complex than that for an Earth model containing strong heterogeneity in the mantle lid. Next, I implement the representation theorem in a method which collects displacement and strain components output from a 3D finite difference program capable of including realistic surface topography and geologic structure in a 3D velocity model, and calculates teleseismic 3D Green functions (3DGFs) to specified receiver locations. Green functions produced from a 3D source model match Green functions produced from a 1D source model for theoretical source-receiver geometries. This new method is then applied to the problem of constraining the source depth and location of the three nuclear tests conducted by North Korea, by using a realistic topography model for the mountainous test region to calculate 3DGFs for several possible locations of each event. Amplitude ratios of P and pP from 3DGFs are correlated to those in observed stacked traces. Results show a sensitivity of this method to source depth and location across the test site region with source depths slightly greater than published estimates, but relative locations consistent with other studies. Finally, I determine a rupture model of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake using 3DGFs calculated in a velocity model containing the dramatic topographic contrast in the fault area, and compare results with a rupture model produced using 1DGFs. Rupture models derived from 1D and 3D synthetic source regions are very similar to each other, and both are consistent with other studies.

Subjects/Keywords: Geophysics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Avants, M. (2014). Effects Of Near-Source Heterogeneity On Wave Fields Emanating From Crustal Sources Observed At Regional And Teleseismic Distances. (Thesis). University of California – Santa Cruz. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1694v6gj

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Avants, Megan. “Effects Of Near-Source Heterogeneity On Wave Fields Emanating From Crustal Sources Observed At Regional And Teleseismic Distances.” 2014. Thesis, University of California – Santa Cruz. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1694v6gj.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Avants, Megan. “Effects Of Near-Source Heterogeneity On Wave Fields Emanating From Crustal Sources Observed At Regional And Teleseismic Distances.” 2014. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Avants M. Effects Of Near-Source Heterogeneity On Wave Fields Emanating From Crustal Sources Observed At Regional And Teleseismic Distances. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Santa Cruz; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1694v6gj.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Avants M. Effects Of Near-Source Heterogeneity On Wave Fields Emanating From Crustal Sources Observed At Regional And Teleseismic Distances. [Thesis]. University of California – Santa Cruz; 2014. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1694v6gj

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of California – Riverside

19. Neighbors, Corrie. Investigating Seismic Hazard Through Source, Path, and Site Effects Using Various Instrumentation.

Degree: Geological Sciences, 2015, University of California – Riverside

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/08b091tf

► Societal and economic losses in earthquakes are strongly dependent on the strength of shaking of the ground. Such shaking, or ‘ground motion’ can vary widely… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Geophysics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Neighbors, C. (2015). Investigating Seismic Hazard Through Source, Path, and Site Effects Using Various Instrumentation. (Thesis). University of California – Riverside. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/08b091tf

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Neighbors, Corrie. “Investigating Seismic Hazard Through Source, Path, and Site Effects Using Various Instrumentation.” 2015. Thesis, University of California – Riverside. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/08b091tf.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Neighbors, Corrie. “Investigating Seismic Hazard Through Source, Path, and Site Effects Using Various Instrumentation.” 2015. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Neighbors C. Investigating Seismic Hazard Through Source, Path, and Site Effects Using Various Instrumentation. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Riverside; 2015. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/08b091tf.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Neighbors C. Investigating Seismic Hazard Through Source, Path, and Site Effects Using Various Instrumentation. [Thesis]. University of California – Riverside; 2015. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/08b091tf

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

20. Withers, Kyle. Ground Motion and Variability from 3-D Deterministic Broadband Simulations.

Degree: Geophysics (Joint Doc SDSU), 2016, University of California – San Diego

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/43v689gq

► The accuracy of earthquake source descriptions is a major limitation in high-frequency (>1 Hz) deterministic ground motion prediction, which is critical for performance-based design by… (more)

▼ The accuracy of earthquake source descriptions is a major limitation in high-frequency (>1 Hz) deterministic ground motion prediction, which is critical for performance-based design by building engineers. With the recent addition of realistic fault topography in 3D simulations of earthquake source models, ground motion can be deterministically calculated more realistically up to higher frequencies. We first introduce a technique to model frequency-dependent attenuation and compare its impact on strong ground motions recorded for the 2008 Chino Hills earthquake. Then, we model dynamic rupture propagation for both a generic strike-slip event and blind thrust scenario earthquakes matching the fault geometry of the 1994 Mw 6.7 Northridge earthquake along rough faults up to 8 Hz. We incorporate frequency-dependent attenuation via a power law above a reference frequency in the form Q_0fⁿ ,with high accuracy down to Q values of 15, and include nonlinear effects via Drucker-Prager plasticity. We model the region surrounding the fault with and without small-scale medium complexity in both a 1D layered model characteristic of southern California rock and a 3D medium extracted from the SCEC CVMSi.426 including a near-surface geotechnical layer. We find that the spectral acceleration from our models are within 1-2 interevent standard deviations from recent ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) and compare well with that of recordings from strong ground motion stations at both short and long periods. At periods shorter than 1 second, Q(f) is needed to match the decay of spectral acceleration seen in the GMPEs as a function of distance from the fault. We find that the similarity between the intraevent variability of our simulations and observations increases when small-scale heterogeneity and plasticity are included, extremely important as uncertainty in ground motion estimates dominates the overall uncertainty in seismic risk. In addition to GMPEs, we compare with simple proxy metrics to evaluate the performance of our deterministic models and to determine the importance of different complexities within our model. We find that 3D heterogeneity, at both the long and short scale-lengths, is necessary to agree with data, and should be included in future simulations to best model the ground motion from earthquakes.

Subjects/Keywords: Geophysics

11 more images…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Withers, K. (2016). Ground Motion and Variability from 3-D Deterministic Broadband Simulations. (Thesis). University of California – San Diego. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/43v689gq

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Withers, Kyle. “Ground Motion and Variability from 3-D Deterministic Broadband Simulations.” 2016. Thesis, University of California – San Diego. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/43v689gq.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Withers, Kyle. “Ground Motion and Variability from 3-D Deterministic Broadband Simulations.” 2016. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Withers K. Ground Motion and Variability from 3-D Deterministic Broadband Simulations. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2016. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/43v689gq.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Withers K. Ground Motion and Variability from 3-D Deterministic Broadband Simulations. [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2016. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/43v689gq

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of California – San Diego

21. Zelenak, Georgianna. Magnetotelluric Exploration of the Aleutian Arc: Mantle Melt Generation and Migration beneath Okmok Caldera.

Degree: Earth Sciences, 2016, University of California – San Diego

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5bs8b0bk

► In the summer of 2015, a geophysical survey was completed across Okmok Caldera in the Aleutian Islands. Okmok is an active volcano with eruptions every… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Geophysics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Zelenak, G. (2016). Magnetotelluric Exploration of the Aleutian Arc: Mantle Melt Generation and Migration beneath Okmok Caldera. (Thesis). University of California – San Diego. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5bs8b0bk

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zelenak, Georgianna. “Magnetotelluric Exploration of the Aleutian Arc: Mantle Melt Generation and Migration beneath Okmok Caldera.” 2016. Thesis, University of California – San Diego. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5bs8b0bk.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zelenak, Georgianna. “Magnetotelluric Exploration of the Aleutian Arc: Mantle Melt Generation and Migration beneath Okmok Caldera.” 2016. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Zelenak G. Magnetotelluric Exploration of the Aleutian Arc: Mantle Melt Generation and Migration beneath Okmok Caldera. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2016. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5bs8b0bk.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Zelenak G. Magnetotelluric Exploration of the Aleutian Arc: Mantle Melt Generation and Migration beneath Okmok Caldera. [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2016. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5bs8b0bk

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

UCLA

22. Xing, Zheng. Surface Wave Constraints on The Oceanic Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary.

Degree: Geophysics & Space Physics, 2017, UCLA

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/16s8n2qk

► The lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) is a fundamental concept of plate tectonicstheory but its origin remains elusive. The lithospheric plate thickness and its relation tocrustal age… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Geophysics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Xing, Z. (2017). Surface Wave Constraints on The Oceanic Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary. (Thesis). UCLA. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/16s8n2qk

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Xing, Zheng. “Surface Wave Constraints on The Oceanic Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary.” 2017. Thesis, UCLA. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/16s8n2qk.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Xing, Zheng. “Surface Wave Constraints on The Oceanic Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary.” 2017. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Xing Z. Surface Wave Constraints on The Oceanic Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary. [Internet] [Thesis]. UCLA; 2017. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/16s8n2qk.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Xing Z. Surface Wave Constraints on The Oceanic Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary. [Thesis]. UCLA; 2017. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/16s8n2qk

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of California – Riverside

23. Gilchrist, Jacquelyn Joan. Applications of Multi-Cycle Earthquake Simulations to Earthquake Hazard.

Degree: Geological Sciences, 2015, University of California – Riverside

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6zv6912f

► This dissertation seeks to contribute to earthquake hazard analyses and forecasting by conducting a detailed study of the processes controlling the occurrence, and particularly the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Geophysics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gilchrist, J. J. (2015). Applications of Multi-Cycle Earthquake Simulations to Earthquake Hazard. (Thesis). University of California – Riverside. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6zv6912f

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gilchrist, Jacquelyn Joan. “Applications of Multi-Cycle Earthquake Simulations to Earthquake Hazard.” 2015. Thesis, University of California – Riverside. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6zv6912f.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gilchrist, Jacquelyn Joan. “Applications of Multi-Cycle Earthquake Simulations to Earthquake Hazard.” 2015. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Gilchrist JJ. Applications of Multi-Cycle Earthquake Simulations to Earthquake Hazard. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Riverside; 2015. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6zv6912f.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Gilchrist JJ. Applications of Multi-Cycle Earthquake Simulations to Earthquake Hazard. [Thesis]. University of California – Riverside; 2015. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6zv6912f

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

UCLA

24. Grannan, Alexander Michael. Experimental and Numerical Studies of Mechanically- and Convectively-Driven Turbulence in Planetary Interiors.

Degree: Geophysics & Space Physics, 2017, UCLA

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7qv2b01m

► The energy for driving turbulent flows in planetary fluid layers comes from a combination of thermocompositional sources and the motion of the boundary in contact… (more)

▼ The energy for driving turbulent flows in planetary fluid layers comes from a combination of thermocompositional sources and the motion of the boundary in contact with the fluid through mechanisms like precessional, tidal, and librational forcing. Characterizing the resulting turbulent fluid motions are necessary for understanding many aspects of the planet's dynamics and evolution including the generation of magnetic fields in the electrically conducting fluid layers and dissipation in the oceans. Although such flows are strongly inertial they are also strongly influenced by the Coriolis force whose source is in the rotation of the body and tends to constrain the inertial effects and provide support for fluid instabilities that might in-turn generate turbulence. Furthermore, the magnetic fields generated by the electrically conducting fluids act back on the fluid through the Lorentz force that also tends to constrain the flow. The goal of this dissertation is to investigate the characteristics of turbulent flows under the influence of mechanical, convective, rotational and magnetic forcing.In order to investigate the response of the fluid to mechanical forcing, I have modified a unique set of laboratory experiments that allows me to quantify the generation of turbulence driven by the periodic oscillations of the fluid containing boundary through tides and libration. These laboratory experiments replicate the fundamental ingredients found in planetary environments and are necessary for the excitation of instabilities that drive the turbulent fluid motions. For librational forcing, a rigid ellipsoidal container and ellipsoidal shell of isothermal unstratified fluid is made to rotate with a superimposed oscillation while, for tidal forcing, an elastic ellipsoidal container of isothermal unstratified fluid is made to rotate while an independently rotating perturbance also flexes the elastic container. By varying the strength and frequencies of these oscillations the characteristics of the resulting turbulence are investigated using meridional views to identify the dominate modes and spatial location of the turbulence. For the first time, measurements of the velocity in the equatorial plane are coupled with high resolution numerical simulations of the full flow field in identical geometry to characterize the instability mechanism, energy deposited into the fluid layer, and long-term evolution of the flow. The velocities determined through laboratory and numerical simulations when extrapolated to planets allow me to argue that that the dynamics of mechanical forcing in low viscosity fluids may an important role as new and potentially large source of dissipation in planetary interiors.To study convective forcing, I have modified and performed a set of rotating and non-rotating hydrodynamic convection experiments using water as well as rotating and non-rotating magnetohydrodynamic convection in gallium. These studies are performed in a cylindrical geometry representing a model of high latitude planetary core style…

Subjects/Keywords: Geophysics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Grannan, A. M. (2017). Experimental and Numerical Studies of Mechanically- and Convectively-Driven Turbulence in Planetary Interiors. (Thesis). UCLA. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7qv2b01m

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Grannan, Alexander Michael. “Experimental and Numerical Studies of Mechanically- and Convectively-Driven Turbulence in Planetary Interiors.” 2017. Thesis, UCLA. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7qv2b01m.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Grannan, Alexander Michael. “Experimental and Numerical Studies of Mechanically- and Convectively-Driven Turbulence in Planetary Interiors.” 2017. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Grannan AM. Experimental and Numerical Studies of Mechanically- and Convectively-Driven Turbulence in Planetary Interiors. [Internet] [Thesis]. UCLA; 2017. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7qv2b01m.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Grannan AM. Experimental and Numerical Studies of Mechanically- and Convectively-Driven Turbulence in Planetary Interiors. [Thesis]. UCLA; 2017. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7qv2b01m

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of California – Santa Cruz

25. Hernandez, Stephen. The Magnitude Distribution of Dynamically Triggered Earthquakes.

Degree: Earth Science, 2014, University of California – Santa Cruz

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/29z953nq

► Large dynamic strains carried by seismic waves are known to trigger seismicity far from their source region. It is unknown, however, whether surface waves trigger… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Geophysics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hernandez, S. (2014). The Magnitude Distribution of Dynamically Triggered Earthquakes. (Thesis). University of California – Santa Cruz. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/29z953nq

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hernandez, Stephen. “The Magnitude Distribution of Dynamically Triggered Earthquakes.” 2014. Thesis, University of California – Santa Cruz. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/29z953nq.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hernandez, Stephen. “The Magnitude Distribution of Dynamically Triggered Earthquakes.” 2014. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Hernandez S. The Magnitude Distribution of Dynamically Triggered Earthquakes. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Santa Cruz; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/29z953nq.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Hernandez S. The Magnitude Distribution of Dynamically Triggered Earthquakes. [Thesis]. University of California – Santa Cruz; 2014. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/29z953nq

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

UCLA

26. Ramsay, Joseph. SKS Splitting from Ocean Bottom Seismometer Data in Offshore Southern California.

Degree: Geophysics & Space Physics, 2014, UCLA

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5bp5x3n3

► SKS arrivals from OBS data of the ALBACORE experiment (Asthenospheric and Lithospheric Broadband Architecture from the California Offshore Region Experiment) offshore Southern California are analyzed… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Geophysics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ramsay, J. (2014). SKS Splitting from Ocean Bottom Seismometer Data in Offshore Southern California. (Thesis). UCLA. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5bp5x3n3

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ramsay, Joseph. “SKS Splitting from Ocean Bottom Seismometer Data in Offshore Southern California.” 2014. Thesis, UCLA. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5bp5x3n3.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ramsay, Joseph. “SKS Splitting from Ocean Bottom Seismometer Data in Offshore Southern California.” 2014. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Ramsay J. SKS Splitting from Ocean Bottom Seismometer Data in Offshore Southern California. [Internet] [Thesis]. UCLA; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5bp5x3n3.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ramsay J. SKS Splitting from Ocean Bottom Seismometer Data in Offshore Southern California. [Thesis]. UCLA; 2014. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5bp5x3n3

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

UCLA

27. Rainey, Emma. The Thermal Conductivity of the Earth's Lower Mantle and Implications for Heat Flow at the Core-Mantle Boundary.

Degree: Geophysics & Space Physics, 2014, UCLA

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6ns1k73c

► The thermal conductivity of the Earth's lowermost mantle controls the rate of heat flow across the core-mantle boundary, and is thus a critical parameter for… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Geophysics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Rainey, E. (2014). The Thermal Conductivity of the Earth's Lower Mantle and Implications for Heat Flow at the Core-Mantle Boundary. (Thesis). UCLA. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6ns1k73c

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rainey, Emma. “The Thermal Conductivity of the Earth's Lower Mantle and Implications for Heat Flow at the Core-Mantle Boundary.” 2014. Thesis, UCLA. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6ns1k73c.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rainey, Emma. “The Thermal Conductivity of the Earth's Lower Mantle and Implications for Heat Flow at the Core-Mantle Boundary.” 2014. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Rainey E. The Thermal Conductivity of the Earth's Lower Mantle and Implications for Heat Flow at the Core-Mantle Boundary. [Internet] [Thesis]. UCLA; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6ns1k73c.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Rainey E. The Thermal Conductivity of the Earth's Lower Mantle and Implications for Heat Flow at the Core-Mantle Boundary. [Thesis]. UCLA; 2014. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6ns1k73c

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of California – Berkeley

28. Porritt, Robert William. Tracing the Farallon plate through seismic imaging with USArray.

Degree: Earth & Planetary Science, 2013, University of California – Berkeley

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/82g9q4vq

► The Farallon plate system has been subducting off the western United States since at least the middle Mesozoic. This plate has undergone virtually every subduction… (more)

▼ The Farallon plate system has been subducting off the western United States since at least the middle Mesozoic. This plate has undergone virtually every subduction process during this time including a long episode of flat-slab subduction, generation of microplates, and formation of oceanic plateaus. The shallow remains of this plate are two small microplates, the Gorda and Juan de Fuca, in the Pacific Northwest. The anomalous nature of these two small plates and the missing deeper evidence of subduction has motivated this study.The USArray seismic experiment has provided unprecedented spatial sampling of the seismic wavefield in the continuous United States. Utilizing this dataset, new imaging methods have been implemented and older imaging methods have been revitalized. This study first uses ambient seismic noise in the Pacific Northwest to extract short period Rayleigh waves which are sensitive to lithospheric scale structure. Phase velocities from this model are then combined with teleseismic delay times of body waves and surface waves to image the structure of the continuous United States from the surface through the mantle transition zone. The resolving power of this model allows tracing of the Farallon plate from the trench to the lower mantle.The seismic velocity structure of the continuous United States is broadly composed of a slow western half and fast eastern half separated by the Rocky Mountain Front. The low velocity of the western U.S. contains several high velocity anomalies. While previous work has focused on individual anomalies and suggested they represent lithospheric instabilities, a larger regional view indicates that these are the western remnants of the Farallon plate. Below the thick cratonic lithosphere of the eastern U.S., the Farallon plate contains significant topography due to a subducted heterogeneity of the oceanic plate and a viscosity contrast through the mantle transition zone. The velocity models presented herein provide a cohesive picture of Farallon subduction for the past 150 Ma.

Subjects/Keywords: Geophysics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Porritt, R. W. (2013). Tracing the Farallon plate through seismic imaging with USArray. (Thesis). University of California – Berkeley. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/82g9q4vq

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Porritt, Robert William. “Tracing the Farallon plate through seismic imaging with USArray.” 2013. Thesis, University of California – Berkeley. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/82g9q4vq.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Porritt, Robert William. “Tracing the Farallon plate through seismic imaging with USArray.” 2013. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Porritt RW. Tracing the Farallon plate through seismic imaging with USArray. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2013. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/82g9q4vq.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Porritt RW. Tracing the Farallon plate through seismic imaging with USArray. [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2013. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/82g9q4vq

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of California – San Diego

29. Sadhasivan, Mayuri. Extending Stochastic Representations of Geomagnetic Axial Dipole Evolution.

Degree: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 2018, University of California – San Diego

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2v47w40d

► Stochastic models have been developed to describe the time-varying axial dipole moment of the geomagnetic field sustained by turbulent fluid motions in Earth’s outer core.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Geophysics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Sadhasivan, M. (2018). Extending Stochastic Representations of Geomagnetic Axial Dipole Evolution. (Thesis). University of California – San Diego. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2v47w40d

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sadhasivan, Mayuri. “Extending Stochastic Representations of Geomagnetic Axial Dipole Evolution.” 2018. Thesis, University of California – San Diego. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2v47w40d.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sadhasivan, Mayuri. “Extending Stochastic Representations of Geomagnetic Axial Dipole Evolution.” 2018. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Sadhasivan M. Extending Stochastic Representations of Geomagnetic Axial Dipole Evolution. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2018. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2v47w40d.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Sadhasivan M. Extending Stochastic Representations of Geomagnetic Axial Dipole Evolution. [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2018. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2v47w40d

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Michigan Technological University

30. Arogundade, Simisola M. Numerical modeling of ambient noise seismic interferometry.

Degree: 2016, Michigan Technological University

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10125274

► CO₂ sequestration involves storing CO₂ in a deep geological formation and may help to mitigate the increasing emission of carbon. To monitor the migration… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Geophysics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Arogundade, S. M. (2016). Numerical modeling of ambient noise seismic interferometry. (Thesis). Michigan Technological University. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10125274

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Arogundade, Simisola M. “Numerical modeling of ambient noise seismic interferometry.” 2016. Thesis, Michigan Technological University. Accessed February 27, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10125274.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Arogundade, Simisola M. “Numerical modeling of ambient noise seismic interferometry.” 2016. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Arogundade SM. Numerical modeling of ambient noise seismic interferometry. [Internet] [Thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2016. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10125274.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Arogundade SM. Numerical modeling of ambient noise seismic interferometry. [Thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2016. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10125274

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Open Access Theses and Dissertations