subject:(Geomorphology)

University of Oregon

1. Lind, Pollyanna. Geomorphology and sediment dynamics of a humid tropical montane river, Rio Pacuare, Costa Rica.

Degree: 2017, University of Oregon

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10194976

► Only a small body of work currently exists regarding the geomorphology of humid tropical montane rivers. The research that does exist reports rapid geomorphic… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Geomorphology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lind, P. (2017). Geomorphology and sediment dynamics of a humid tropical montane river, Rio Pacuare, Costa Rica. (Thesis). University of Oregon. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10194976

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lind, Pollyanna. “Geomorphology and sediment dynamics of a humid tropical montane river, Rio Pacuare, Costa Rica.” 2017. Thesis, University of Oregon. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10194976.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lind, Pollyanna. “Geomorphology and sediment dynamics of a humid tropical montane river, Rio Pacuare, Costa Rica.” 2017. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Lind P. Geomorphology and sediment dynamics of a humid tropical montane river, Rio Pacuare, Costa Rica. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Oregon; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10194976.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Lind P. Geomorphology and sediment dynamics of a humid tropical montane river, Rio Pacuare, Costa Rica. [Thesis]. University of Oregon; 2017. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10194976

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Portland State University

2. Keith, Mackenzie Karli. Reservoir Evolution Following the Removal of Marmot Dam on the Sandy River, Oregon.

Degree: 2012, Portland State University

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1516051

► The October 2007 removal of Marmot Dam, a 14.3-m-tall dam on the Sandy River in northwestern Oregon storing approximately 730,000 m³ of impounded sediment,… (more)

▼ The October 2007 removal of Marmot Dam, a 14.3-m-tall dam on the Sandy River in northwestern Oregon storing approximately 730,000 m³ of impounded sediment, provided an opportunity to study short- and long-term geomorphic effects of dam removal. Monitoring reservoir morphology during the two years following dam decommissioning yields a timeline of reservoir channel change. Comparison of a pre-dam survey in 1911 with post-removal surveys provides a basis from which to gage the Reservoir Reach evolution in the context of pre-dam conditions. Analyses of time-lapse photography, topographic surveys, and repeat LiDAR data sets provide detailed spatial and temporal documentation of a release of sediment from the reservoir following dam removal. The majority of morphologic changes to the reservoir largely took place during the first few days and weeks following removal. Channel incision and widening, along with gradient changes through the Reservoir Reach, exhibit diminishing changes with time. Channel incision rates of up to 13 m/hr and widening rates of up to 26 m/hr occurred within the first 24 hours following breaching of the coffer dam. Although channel position through the Reservoir Reach has remained relatively stable due to valley confinement, its width increased substantially. The channel reached an average width of 45 m within two weeks of breaching, but then erosion rates slowed and the channel width reached about 70 to 80 m after one and two years, respectively. Diminishing volumes of evacuated sediment were measured over time through quantitative analysis of survey datasets. About 15 percent of the initial impounded sediment was eroded from the Reservoir Reach within 60 hours of breaching; after one and two years, 50 and 58 percent was eroded, respectively. Grain-size analysis of terraces cut into reservoir fill following dam removal show that bed material coarsened over time at fixed elevations and vertically downward as the channel incised. Overall, these findings indicate valley morphology and local in-channel bedrock topography controlled the spatial distribution of sediment within the reservoir reach while variability in river discharge determined the timing of episodic sediment release. Changes within the Reservoir Reach shortly after dam removal and subsequent evolution over the two years following removal are likely attributable to (1) the timing and intensity of flow events, (2) the longitudinal and stratigraphic spatial variations in deposit grain-size distributions initially and over time, and (3) the pre-dam topography and existing valley morphology.

Subjects/Keywords: Geomorphology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Keith, M. K. (2012). Reservoir Evolution Following the Removal of Marmot Dam on the Sandy River, Oregon. (Thesis). Portland State University. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1516051

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Keith, Mackenzie Karli. “Reservoir Evolution Following the Removal of Marmot Dam on the Sandy River, Oregon.” 2012. Thesis, Portland State University. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1516051.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Keith, Mackenzie Karli. “Reservoir Evolution Following the Removal of Marmot Dam on the Sandy River, Oregon.” 2012. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Keith MK. Reservoir Evolution Following the Removal of Marmot Dam on the Sandy River, Oregon. [Internet] [Thesis]. Portland State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1516051.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Keith MK. Reservoir Evolution Following the Removal of Marmot Dam on the Sandy River, Oregon. [Thesis]. Portland State University; 2012. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1516051

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of California – Berkeley

3. Braudrick, Christian Arthur. Meandering in Gravel-Bed Rivers.

Degree: Earth & Planetary Science, 2013, University of California – Berkeley

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/44h8s7b2

► It is surprising that gravel-bed rivers meander. In laboratory settings using cohesionless sediment transported as bedload, braiding inevitably emerges. The easily entrained outer bank sediments… (more)

▼ It is surprising that gravel-bed rivers meander. In laboratory settings using cohesionless sediment transported as bedload, braiding inevitably emerges. The easily entrained outer bank sediments lead to relatively rapid bank erosion, the inner bank bar reaches it shallowest depth towards the center of the channel, the flow diverges, and braiding arises. These observations have led to the inference that meandering requires some bank strength to slow outer bank erosion and allow the inner bank to keep pace with outer bank retreat. Commonly it has been suggested that vegetation can provide that outer bank strength. While this view has led recently to numerical modeling incorporating vegetation strength, no studies had successfully created meandering rivers in the laboratory such that controlling mechanisms could be explored. Nor has there been an effort to delineate under what general conditions gravel bedded meanders are found in the field. These knowledge gaps are particularly important to stream restoration work because the creation of morphologically-stable gravel-bedded meanders is a common goal. This dissertation uses flume experiments and a compilation of field data to explore the conditions that support meandering in gravel-bed rivers. Using alfalfa sprouts as model vegetation, sand as scaled-down gravel, and a lightweight plastic as scaled-down sand, I created for the first time a self-maintaining, laterally migrating meandering river with cutoff loops in a 6.1-m wide, 17-m long laboratory flume. The channel, 0.4 m wide, had a sinuosity of 1.1-1.2 and transported sediment with a median size of 0.78 mm. The sinuosity of the channel increased as bends grew, decreased as the channel cut off, and was regenerated while the channel maintained a steady width. In this experiment, we found that a steady bankfull flow was sufficient to sustain a meandering planform, and that application of higher peak flows caused the channel to widen because bank erosion outpaced bar growth. Coarse sediment was exchanged between eroding banks and the next bar downstream with little net downstream flux, consequently to prevent aggradation and avulsion at the upstream end of the experimental reach required turning off the coarse sediment feed. The input of fine sediment was crucial for blocking chute channels (a locus for braiding), filling point bars downstream of the bend apex, and plugging abandoned channels following cutoff. Hence, sustained growth of bends and development of meandering requires more than just sufficient bank strength to slow the outer bank erosion rate. A compilation of 166 gravel-bedded meanders from the literature shows that gravel meanders primarily occur in lower gradient reaches extending from mountain ranges, high-elevation valleys, and in humid areas influenced by glaciation or glacio-fluvial outwash. Unexpectedly, analysis of Google Earth imagery showed that about 1/3 of the dataset lacked cutoff scars and other evidence of active migration. Gravel bedded meanders with median surface grain size> 10 mm had…

Subjects/Keywords: Geomorphology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Braudrick, C. A. (2013). Meandering in Gravel-Bed Rivers. (Thesis). University of California – Berkeley. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/44h8s7b2

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Braudrick, Christian Arthur. “Meandering in Gravel-Bed Rivers.” 2013. Thesis, University of California – Berkeley. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/44h8s7b2.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Braudrick, Christian Arthur. “Meandering in Gravel-Bed Rivers.” 2013. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Braudrick CA. Meandering in Gravel-Bed Rivers. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/44h8s7b2.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Braudrick CA. Meandering in Gravel-Bed Rivers. [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2013. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/44h8s7b2

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

4. Meyers, Matthew Armand. Fluvial Processes Affecting the Texture of a Gravel Bed with an Emphasis on Salmon Spawning Habitat.

Degree: 2017, University of California, Santa Barbara

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10600721

► Spawning salmon depend on fluvial processes to maintain the bed texture of gravel bedded rivers as suitable spawning and incubation habitat. The coarse texture… (more)

▼ Spawning salmon depend on fluvial processes to maintain the bed texture of gravel bedded rivers as suitable spawning and incubation habitat. The coarse texture of a gravel bed is maintained by flow strengths capable of moving the gravel and removing fine sediments, thereby providing loose substrate that enhances its ability to conduct flow (i.e., its hydraulic conductivity). The flow strength that corresponds to the beginning of movement (i.e., entrainment) of a grain on a gravel bed is variable and, therefore, it needs to be measured to predict flow levels capable of bed texture maintenance. Lower flows can deliver fine sediment, which may accumulate in the gravels overlying salmon nests (i.e., redds) reducing the hydraulic conductivity and impairing salmon embryo development. I examine these processes to explain the variability in (i) the rate of change in the proportion of a gravel size fraction entrained as a function of flow strength and (ii) the rate of decrease in hydraulic conductivity as a function of the cumulative transport of fine sediment that depends on flow level. I used tracer gravel and cobble grains and a two dimensional flow model to determine the flow strengths capable of gravel bed entrainment using binary plots of the occurrence or absence of tracer movement to approximate the fraction of the bed sediment entrained as a logistic function of increasing flow strength. The method provides an approximation of the flow strength capable of entraining the least resistant through the most resistant grains, thereby providing a new method to approximate the flow strength that is capable of fully entraining the bed. The results are confirmed by comparing the measurements of two study sites. To measure the resistance of individual gravel and cobble grains to downstream movement, I used force gages and a theoretical force balance model that incorporates the frictional resistance of a grain and the lift and drag forces applied by stream flow. I measured the frictional resistance of grains at six sites with different morphologies to evaluate influences on grain resistance. Grain resistance varied depending on the grain size and sorting, amount of infiltrated sand, streamwise position along a gravel bar, and degree of fluctuation in the flow strength. The force balance model predicts that the dimensionless instantaneous flow strength capable of entraining a given proportion of a relative grain size varies along a bar. I tested the force balance model predictions by comparison with the tracer measurements from the tracer study. The differences between the force balance predictions and the tracer entrainment measurements are due to the definition of the flow strength as the time-averaged value from the 2D flow model and the instantaneous value from the force balance model. Adjusting the force balance model predictions by a simple factor that quantifies their difference and that corresponds with an index describing the fluctuations of the instantaneous flow strength about its time-averaged…

Subjects/Keywords: Geomorphology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Meyers, M. A. (2017). Fluvial Processes Affecting the Texture of a Gravel Bed with an Emphasis on Salmon Spawning Habitat. (Thesis). University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10600721

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Meyers, Matthew Armand. “Fluvial Processes Affecting the Texture of a Gravel Bed with an Emphasis on Salmon Spawning Habitat.” 2017. Thesis, University of California, Santa Barbara. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10600721.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Meyers, Matthew Armand. “Fluvial Processes Affecting the Texture of a Gravel Bed with an Emphasis on Salmon Spawning Habitat.” 2017. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Meyers MA. Fluvial Processes Affecting the Texture of a Gravel Bed with an Emphasis on Salmon Spawning Habitat. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California, Santa Barbara; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10600721.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Meyers MA. Fluvial Processes Affecting the Texture of a Gravel Bed with an Emphasis on Salmon Spawning Habitat. [Thesis]. University of California, Santa Barbara; 2017. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10600721

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Boston University

5. Hayden, Alistair. Remote-sensing and field-based investigations of Antarctic landscapes: implications for cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating, regional climate change, and science outreach.

Degree: 2014, Boston University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/15408

► A primary goal of Antarctic research is to determine the sensitivity of ice sheets in a warming world. Cosmogenic nuclide exposure-age dating of ancient glacial… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Geomorphology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hayden, A. (2014). Remote-sensing and field-based investigations of Antarctic landscapes: implications for cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating, regional climate change, and science outreach. (Thesis). Boston University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2144/15408

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hayden, Alistair. “Remote-sensing and field-based investigations of Antarctic landscapes: implications for cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating, regional climate change, and science outreach.” 2014. Thesis, Boston University. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2144/15408.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hayden, Alistair. “Remote-sensing and field-based investigations of Antarctic landscapes: implications for cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating, regional climate change, and science outreach.” 2014. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Hayden A. Remote-sensing and field-based investigations of Antarctic landscapes: implications for cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating, regional climate change, and science outreach. [Internet] [Thesis]. Boston University; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/15408.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Hayden A. Remote-sensing and field-based investigations of Antarctic landscapes: implications for cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating, regional climate change, and science outreach. [Thesis]. Boston University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/15408

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of California – Riverside

6. Gentile, Christopher Ryan. A Study of Rock Avalanche Deposits in San Antonio Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, California.

Degree: Geological Sciences, 2018, University of California – Riverside

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3cx7m4bv

► The San Antonio Canyon is within the eastern San Gabriel Mountains, southern California. The steep slopes of the canyon contain mostly fractured Mesozoic plutonic and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Geomorphology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gentile, C. R. (2018). A Study of Rock Avalanche Deposits in San Antonio Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, California. (Thesis). University of California – Riverside. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3cx7m4bv

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gentile, Christopher Ryan. “A Study of Rock Avalanche Deposits in San Antonio Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, California.” 2018. Thesis, University of California – Riverside. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3cx7m4bv.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gentile, Christopher Ryan. “A Study of Rock Avalanche Deposits in San Antonio Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, California.” 2018. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Gentile CR. A Study of Rock Avalanche Deposits in San Antonio Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, California. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Riverside; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3cx7m4bv.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Gentile CR. A Study of Rock Avalanche Deposits in San Antonio Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, California. [Thesis]. University of California – Riverside; 2018. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3cx7m4bv

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of California – Santa Cruz

7. Nereson, Alexander Lewis. History and Drivers of Slow Landslide Movement at Oak Ridge Earthflow, California.

Degree: Earth Science, 2018, University of California – Santa Cruz

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/49h1j6cj

► The persistent movement of deep-seated, slow-moving landslides is a common phenomenon with important scientific and practical implications. These landslides, often referred to as earthflows, can… (more)

▼ The persistent movement of deep-seated, slow-moving landslides is a common phenomenon with important scientific and practical implications. These landslides, often referred to as earthflows, can dominate erosion in mountainous landscapes, control the long-term evolution of catchment geometry, and cause progressive damage to infrastructure and property over time. The role of earthflows in shaping landscapes is amplified by their longevity. Historical observations demonstrate that they are commonly active for decades or centuries, while geologic and geochronologic evidence further suggests that some may persist in intermittently-active states for millennia. Slow, persistent motion over these timescales requires complementary mechanisms to both repeatedly reactivate previously failed materials and to limit velocity during periods of activity. More than 30 years of robust scientific investigations into the nature of these mechanisms has yielded tremendous insights. These include the sensitivity of earthflows to rainfall-driven changes in pore-water pressure, the existence of internal feedbacks that limit earthflow velocity after the onset of motion, and the recognition that external factors, like climate and base-level, help set the periodicity of intermittent earthflow movement. A common goal of all these investigations has been to generate data and models that will allow for the prediction of future earthflow behavior, which remains challenging despite many advances. Predicting the velocity of slow landslides over multi-decadal timescales requires an understanding of the potential drivers of earthflow motion, analytical frameworks and models to connect those drivers to kinematic response, and historical records of movement with sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to test model predictions. Predicting velocity on shorter timescales, such as the onset of motion in a given wet season, requires high-temporal resolution, time-series measurements of the hydro-mechanical properties of the earthflow in question. And lastly, scaling up predictions of future velocity at one earthflow to many will require the use of high-spatial resolution, remotely-sensed imagery capable of monitoring large regions with repeat measurements. This dissertation aims to contribute to each of these requirements through an extended study of Oak Ridge earthflow, a long-lived, slow-moving landslide in California’s northern Diablo Range. In Chapter 1, we used a time series of aerial imagery to assemble an 80-year kinematic history for Oak Ridge earthflow. We find that spatial patterns of earthflow velocity were controlled largely by the slope of the underlying failure plane, whereas temporal patterns were governed largely by climate-driven changes in surface moisture balance (PDSI) at the annual-decadal scale. Declines in sediment supply acted as a secondary control on temporal velocity variations over our study period, however, the influence of this driver likely grows at longer timescales. In Chapter 2, we use 10 years of high-spatial…

Subjects/Keywords: Geomorphology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Nereson, A. L. (2018). History and Drivers of Slow Landslide Movement at Oak Ridge Earthflow, California. (Thesis). University of California – Santa Cruz. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/49h1j6cj

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nereson, Alexander Lewis. “History and Drivers of Slow Landslide Movement at Oak Ridge Earthflow, California.” 2018. Thesis, University of California – Santa Cruz. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/49h1j6cj.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nereson, Alexander Lewis. “History and Drivers of Slow Landslide Movement at Oak Ridge Earthflow, California.” 2018. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Nereson AL. History and Drivers of Slow Landslide Movement at Oak Ridge Earthflow, California. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Santa Cruz; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/49h1j6cj.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Nereson AL. History and Drivers of Slow Landslide Movement at Oak Ridge Earthflow, California. [Thesis]. University of California – Santa Cruz; 2018. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/49h1j6cj

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Arizona State University

8. Tognetti, Laurence. Investigating a Link Between Topography and Scalloped Depressions in Utopia Planitia, Mars.

Degree: Geological Sciences, 2019, Arizona State University

URL: http://repository.asu.edu/items/53934

► Western Utopia Planitia, located in the northern plains of Mars, is home to a myriad of possible periglacial landforms. One of these is scalloped depressions,… (more)

▼ Western Utopia Planitia, located in the northern plains of Mars, is home to a myriad of possible periglacial landforms. One of these is scalloped depressions, defined primarily by their oval-shape and north-south asymmetry, including both pole-facing “steps” and an equator-facing slope. Scalloped depressions are thought to have formed through sublimation of ground ice in the Late Amazonian, consistent with the hypothesis that Mars is presently in an interglacial period marked by the poleward retreat of mid-latitudinal ice. The directional growth of scalloped depressions was mapped within the region and present a correlation between topography and scalloped depression development. It was determined that topography appears to play a role in scallop development, as noted by the most-densely scalloped region residing among a lower spatial density of craters previously mapped by Harrison et al. (2019). Within this region, scallops were also observed to be absent atop crater ejecta, but present atop crater ejecta in other regions of the study area. A large majority of scallops maintain a north-south asymmetry and observed changes in geomorphology that range from predominantly smoother terrain in the northern latitudes to very hummocky terrain dominated by possible periglacial features as latitude decreases. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) Context Camera (CTX) images were primarily used, with a few images coming from the MRO High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE). Observations are consistent with previous studies showing the overall density of scalloped depressions decreases with increasing latitude, with the majority exhibiting steps facing in a poleward direction. The majority of scallops observed to have steps in a non-poleward direction occur within in ice-rich regions mapped by Stuurman et al. (2016). It was ultimately concluded that scallops demonstrating poleward-facing steps likely formed during periods of high obliquity on Mars in the Late Amazonian, while scallops within the ice-rich regions potentially formed at a greater range of obliquities.

Subjects/Keywords: Geomorphology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tognetti, L. (2019). Investigating a Link Between Topography and Scalloped Depressions in Utopia Planitia, Mars. (Masters Thesis). Arizona State University. Retrieved from http://repository.asu.edu/items/53934

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tognetti, Laurence. “Investigating a Link Between Topography and Scalloped Depressions in Utopia Planitia, Mars.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Arizona State University. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://repository.asu.edu/items/53934.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tognetti, Laurence. “Investigating a Link Between Topography and Scalloped Depressions in Utopia Planitia, Mars.” 2019. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Tognetti L. Investigating a Link Between Topography and Scalloped Depressions in Utopia Planitia, Mars. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Arizona State University; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://repository.asu.edu/items/53934.

Council of Science Editors:

Tognetti L. Investigating a Link Between Topography and Scalloped Depressions in Utopia Planitia, Mars. [Masters Thesis]. Arizona State University; 2019. Available from: http://repository.asu.edu/items/53934

Duke University

9. Ratliff, Katherine Murray. From the River to the Sea: Modeling Coastal River, Wetland, and Shoreline Dynamics .

Degree: 2017, Duke University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10161/14458

► Complex feedbacks dominate landscape dynamics over large spatial scales (10s – 100s km) and over the long-term (10s – 100s yrs). These interactions and… (more)

▼ Complex feedbacks dominate landscape dynamics over large spatial scales (10s – 100s km) and over the long-term (10s – 100s yrs). These interactions and feedbacks are particularly strong at land-water boundaries, such as coastlines, marshes, and rivers. Water, although necessary for life and agriculture, threatens humans and infrastructure during natural disasters (e.g., floods, hurricanes) and through sea-level rise. The goal of this dissertation is to better understand landscape morphodynamics in these settings, and in some cases, to investigate how humans have influenced these landscapes (e.g., through climate or land-use change). In this work, I use innovative numerical models to study the larger-scale emergent interactions and most critical variables of these systems, allowing me to clarify the most important feedbacks and explore large space and time scales. Chapter 1 focuses on understanding the shoreline dynamics of pocket (embayed) beaches, which are positioned between rocky headlands and adorn about half the world’s coastlines. Previous work suggested that seasonality or oscillations in climate indices control erosion and accretion along these shorelines; however, using the Coastline Evolution Model (CEM), I find that patterns of shoreline change can be found without systematic shifts in wave forcings. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), I identify two main modes of sediment transport dynamics: a shoreline rotation mode, which had been previously studied, and a shoreline “breathing” mode, which is newly discovered. Using wavelet analysis of the PCA mode time series, I find characteristic time scales of these modes, which emerge from internal system dynamics (rather than changes in the wave forcing; e.g., seasonality). To confirm the breathing mode’s existence, I retroactively identified this mode in observations of pocket beach shoreline change from different parts of the world. Characterization of these modes, as well as their timescales, better informs risk assessment and coastal management decisions along thinning shorelines, especially as climate change affects storminess and wave energy variations across the world. Chapter 2 moves slightly inland to examine how coastal marshes, which provide numerous ecosystem services and are an important carbon sink, respond to climate change and anthropogenic influences. Specifically, I focus on how increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO2 affect marsh resilience to increased rates of sea-level rise relative to inorganic sediment availability and elevated nitrogen levels. Using a meta-analysis of the available literature for marsh plant biomass response to elevated levels of CO2 and nitrogen, I incorporated these effects into a coupled model of marsh vegetation and morphodynamics. Although nitrogen’s effect on biomass and marsh accretion rates is less clear, elevated CO2 causes a fertilization effect, increasing plant biomass, which enhances marsh accretion rates (through increased rates of both in- organic and organic sedimentation).… Advisors/Committee Members: Murray, A. Brad (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Geomorphology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ratliff, K. M. (2017). From the River to the Sea: Modeling Coastal River, Wetland, and Shoreline Dynamics . (Thesis). Duke University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10161/14458

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ratliff, Katherine Murray. “From the River to the Sea: Modeling Coastal River, Wetland, and Shoreline Dynamics .” 2017. Thesis, Duke University. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/14458.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ratliff, Katherine Murray. “From the River to the Sea: Modeling Coastal River, Wetland, and Shoreline Dynamics .” 2017. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Ratliff KM. From the River to the Sea: Modeling Coastal River, Wetland, and Shoreline Dynamics . [Internet] [Thesis]. Duke University; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10161/14458.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ratliff KM. From the River to the Sea: Modeling Coastal River, Wetland, and Shoreline Dynamics . [Thesis]. Duke University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10161/14458

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Montana

10. Box, Samuel. Impacts of Vegetation Growth on Reach-scale Flood Hydraulics in a Sand-bed River and the Implications for Vegetation-morphology Coevolution.

Degree: MS, 2018, University of Montana

URL: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/11144

► Vegetation affects river morphology via plant effects on the flow field, sediment transport and deposition, and substrate erodibility. Changes in the flow field caused… (more)

▼ Vegetation affects river morphology via plant effects on the flow field, sediment transport and deposition, and substrate erodibility. Changes in the flow field caused by above-ground biomass mediate geomorphic response to flooding and habitat suitability for vegetation growth. Using numerical hydraulic models that incorporate drag due to spatially heterogeneous vegetation, I quantify how changes in the antecedent characteristics of woody vegetation in the active channel lead to changes in local bed shear stress, reach-average bed shear stress, and the vegetative component of reach-average total shear stress. Flood hydraulics in turn affect channel morphology and vegetation, providing a feedback mechanism by which changes in vegetation can drive channel morphology into a new steady state. Two reaches of a sand-bed river that have experienced extensive vegetation establishment and growth, geomorphic change, and associated responses to flooding in recent years were modeled at three different points in time, representative of differing strengths and directions of biogeomorphic feedbacks. The presence of woody vegetation increased hydraulic variability, increasing the shear stress coefficient of variation between 8-30%, depending on both discharge and vegetation density and extent. Vegetation establishment and growth increased the proportion of reach-average total shear stress accounted for by vegetation, with an effect that became greater at higher flows. As flow blockage due to vegetation increased, the bed shear stress decreased by over 50%. Vegetation alters reach-scale flood hydraulics in a manner that would not be predictable using either a one-dimensional hydraulic model or a two-dimensional hydraulic model without spatially heterogeneous vegetation. These findings indicate that, at a reach scale, vegetation can drive changes in hydraulic behavior, with effects on shear stress partitioning that are similar to those observed in flumes and with large woody debris.

Subjects/Keywords: Geomorphology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Box, S. (2018). Impacts of Vegetation Growth on Reach-scale Flood Hydraulics in a Sand-bed River and the Implications for Vegetation-morphology Coevolution. (Masters Thesis). University of Montana. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/11144

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Box, Samuel. “Impacts of Vegetation Growth on Reach-scale Flood Hydraulics in a Sand-bed River and the Implications for Vegetation-morphology Coevolution.” 2018. Masters Thesis, University of Montana. Accessed March 02, 2021. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/11144.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Box, Samuel. “Impacts of Vegetation Growth on Reach-scale Flood Hydraulics in a Sand-bed River and the Implications for Vegetation-morphology Coevolution.” 2018. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Box S. Impacts of Vegetation Growth on Reach-scale Flood Hydraulics in a Sand-bed River and the Implications for Vegetation-morphology Coevolution. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Montana; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/11144.

Council of Science Editors:

Box S. Impacts of Vegetation Growth on Reach-scale Flood Hydraulics in a Sand-bed River and the Implications for Vegetation-morphology Coevolution. [Masters Thesis]. University of Montana; 2018. Available from: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/11144

University of Montana

11. Welling, Robin. Influence of Large Wood on Sediment Routing in a Mixed Bedrock-Alluvial Stream.

Degree: MS, 2019, University of Montana

URL: Welling, Robin, "Influence of Large Wood on Sediment Routing in a Mixed Bedrock-Alluvial Stream" (2019). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 11336. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/11336 ; https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/11336

► Sediment storage by instream wood in forested mountain streams mediates sediment movement from hillslopes through the channel network and can alter channel morphology at… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Geomorphology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Welling, R. (2019). Influence of Large Wood on Sediment Routing in a Mixed Bedrock-Alluvial Stream. (Masters Thesis). University of Montana. Retrieved from Welling, Robin, "Influence of Large Wood on Sediment Routing in a Mixed Bedrock-Alluvial Stream" (2019). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 11336. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/11336 ; https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/11336

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Welling, Robin. “Influence of Large Wood on Sediment Routing in a Mixed Bedrock-Alluvial Stream.” 2019. Masters Thesis, University of Montana. Accessed March 02, 2021. Welling, Robin, "Influence of Large Wood on Sediment Routing in a Mixed Bedrock-Alluvial Stream" (2019). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 11336. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/11336 ; https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/11336.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Welling, Robin. “Influence of Large Wood on Sediment Routing in a Mixed Bedrock-Alluvial Stream.” 2019. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Welling R. Influence of Large Wood on Sediment Routing in a Mixed Bedrock-Alluvial Stream. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Montana; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: Welling, Robin, "Influence of Large Wood on Sediment Routing in a Mixed Bedrock-Alluvial Stream" (2019). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 11336. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/11336 ; https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/11336.

Council of Science Editors:

Welling R. Influence of Large Wood on Sediment Routing in a Mixed Bedrock-Alluvial Stream. [Masters Thesis]. University of Montana; 2019. Available from: Welling, Robin, "Influence of Large Wood on Sediment Routing in a Mixed Bedrock-Alluvial Stream" (2019). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 11336. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/11336 ; https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/11336

Portland State University

12. Mowbray, Leslie Allen. Quaternary Chronology and Stratigraphy of Mickey Springs, Oregon.

Degree: 2016, Portland State University

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1606164

► Mickey Springs in the Alvord Desert, southeast Oregon, is analogous to other Basin and Range hydrothermal systems where the requisite conditions of heat source… (more)

▼ Mickey Springs in the Alvord Desert, southeast Oregon, is analogous to other Basin and Range hydrothermal systems where the requisite conditions of heat source and permeable pathways are met through crustal thinning due to normal faulting. This study examines the morphology and lifespan of near-surface spring features through use of ground penetrating radar, thermoluminescence (TL) dating, and elevation modeling. Duration of hydrothermal activity at Mickey Springs has not previously been determined, and age determinations of sinter at the site are conflicting. The reason for and timing of this change in silica saturation in the hydrothermal fluid has not been resolved. Three morphologies of silica sinter deposition have been identified at Mickey Springs. These are (1) well-sorted, fine-grained sandstone with ripple marks, cross beds and preserved root casts, to poorly-sorted conglomerate of primarily basalt clasts, both cemented by coeval silica deposition, (2) large depressions (12-32 m diameter) rimmed with sinter, characterized by fine silt and clay blanketing a sinter apron and infilling the central depression, and (3) quaquaversal sinter mounds identified by outcropping pool-edge sinter typically surrounding a shallow depression of loose sediment. Silica-cemented sandstone and conglomerate were the first features formed by coeval hydrothermal processes at the site, and were emplaced prior to 30 kya as suggested by structural and stratigraphic relationships. Structure between two interacting fault tips may have constrained the extent of silica cementation. By 30 kya, a left-stepping fault oriented roughly north/south further constrained the near-surface permeable zone. TL dates from sediment stratigraphically below and above sinter aprons around mounds and depressions (former spring vents) indicate sinter deposition between 30 and 20 kya. Location of these features was dictated by development of the left-stepping fault. As pluvial Lake Alvord filled at the end of the Pleistocene, lake sediment filled most vents, which were largely inactive, with fine-grained silt and clay. Today, hydrothermal activity persists in two modes: (1) The current high-temperature springs, steam vents and mudpots concentrated in a 50 x 50 m area south of the sinter mounds and depressions, and (2) scattered springs and steam vents that exploit previous permeable pathways that once provided the hydrothermal fluid which precipitated the sinter aprons. Currently there is no active silica sinter deposition at Mickey Springs. Structures and stratigraphic relationships identified through this study favor a transport-limited and structurally controlled model of fluid transport. Sinter deposition is determined to have occurred before the most recent highstand of pluvial Lake Alvord. A climate driven model, where groundwater recharge from pluvial Lake Alvord circulates to a deep heat source and enhances spring discharge, is not supported by these findings, as no evidence was found for sinter precipitation…

Subjects/Keywords: Geology; Geomorphology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mowbray, L. A. (2016). Quaternary Chronology and Stratigraphy of Mickey Springs, Oregon. (Thesis). Portland State University. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1606164

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mowbray, Leslie Allen. “Quaternary Chronology and Stratigraphy of Mickey Springs, Oregon.” 2016. Thesis, Portland State University. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1606164.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mowbray, Leslie Allen. “Quaternary Chronology and Stratigraphy of Mickey Springs, Oregon.” 2016. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Mowbray LA. Quaternary Chronology and Stratigraphy of Mickey Springs, Oregon. [Internet] [Thesis]. Portland State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1606164.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Mowbray LA. Quaternary Chronology and Stratigraphy of Mickey Springs, Oregon. [Thesis]. Portland State University; 2016. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1606164

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Alaska Fairbanks

13. Mixon, Demi C. The neotectonics, uplift, and accommodation of deformation of the Talkeetna Mountains, south-central Alaska.

Degree: 2016, University of Alaska Fairbanks

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10138195

► South-central Alaska is home to many tectonic structures and mountain ranges that have experienced active uplift and deformation within the past 5 to 10… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Geology; Geomorphology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mixon, D. C. (2016). The neotectonics, uplift, and accommodation of deformation of the Talkeetna Mountains, south-central Alaska. (Thesis). University of Alaska Fairbanks. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10138195

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mixon, Demi C. “The neotectonics, uplift, and accommodation of deformation of the Talkeetna Mountains, south-central Alaska.” 2016. Thesis, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10138195.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mixon, Demi C. “The neotectonics, uplift, and accommodation of deformation of the Talkeetna Mountains, south-central Alaska.” 2016. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Mixon DC. The neotectonics, uplift, and accommodation of deformation of the Talkeetna Mountains, south-central Alaska. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Alaska Fairbanks; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10138195.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Mixon DC. The neotectonics, uplift, and accommodation of deformation of the Talkeetna Mountains, south-central Alaska. [Thesis]. University of Alaska Fairbanks; 2016. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10138195

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

14. Wicker, Cary. Tectonic geomorphology of the San Timoteo Badlands| New insights from OSL and LiDAR data.

Degree: 2014, California State University, Long Beach

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527764

► Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating and stream profile analysis were used to evaluate the main structural elements controlling the formation of San Timoteo Badlands… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Geology; Geomorphology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wicker, C. (2014). Tectonic geomorphology of the San Timoteo Badlands| New insights from OSL and LiDAR data. (Thesis). California State University, Long Beach. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527764

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wicker, Cary. “Tectonic geomorphology of the San Timoteo Badlands| New insights from OSL and LiDAR data.” 2014. Thesis, California State University, Long Beach. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527764.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wicker, Cary. “Tectonic geomorphology of the San Timoteo Badlands| New insights from OSL and LiDAR data.” 2014. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Wicker C. Tectonic geomorphology of the San Timoteo Badlands| New insights from OSL and LiDAR data. [Internet] [Thesis]. California State University, Long Beach; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527764.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wicker C. Tectonic geomorphology of the San Timoteo Badlands| New insights from OSL and LiDAR data. [Thesis]. California State University, Long Beach; 2014. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527764

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

15. Syrek, Jonathon F. Tectonic and climatic influences on bedrock channels traversing the Central Andes, Bolivia.

Degree: 2013, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1530282

► I combine rock strength variations estimated from field data and topographic analyses of 252 channels across the semiarid southern Bolivian Andes to investigate the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Geology; Geomorphology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Syrek, J. F. (2013). Tectonic and climatic influences on bedrock channels traversing the Central Andes, Bolivia. (Thesis). The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1530282

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Syrek, Jonathon F. “Tectonic and climatic influences on bedrock channels traversing the Central Andes, Bolivia.” 2013. Thesis, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1530282.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Syrek, Jonathon F. “Tectonic and climatic influences on bedrock channels traversing the Central Andes, Bolivia.” 2013. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Syrek JF. Tectonic and climatic influences on bedrock channels traversing the Central Andes, Bolivia. [Internet] [Thesis]. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1530282.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Syrek JF. Tectonic and climatic influences on bedrock channels traversing the Central Andes, Bolivia. [Thesis]. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; 2013. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1530282

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Colorado State University

16. David, Gabrielle Catherine Leila. Characterizing flow resistance in high gradient mountain streams, fraser experimental forest, Colorado.

Degree: 2011, Colorado State University

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3454592

► High gradient mountain streams dissipate energy when water flows over poorly sorted grains in the bed and banks and over bedforms such as steps… (more)

▼ High gradient mountain streams dissipate energy when water flows over poorly sorted grains in the bed and banks and over bedforms such as steps and pools, creating a constant alternation between supercritical and subcritical flow and causing energy dissipation through hydraulic jumps. Mountain streams (bed slope ranging between 0.02 and 0.19) differ from their low gradient counterparts by having large boulders that are of the same order of magnitude as the depth of flow, low values of relative grain submergence (R_h/D₈₄, where Rh is hydraulic radius and D₈₄ is the 84^th percentile of the cumulative grain-size distribution), armored beds, and wood that commonly spans the entire width of the channel. The complex interaction of the different forms of flow resistance in steep mountain streams has made it particularly challenging to quantify flow resistance, usually represented by the dimensionless Darcy-Weisbach friction factor (ff). This research focuses on studying controls and interactions among different forms of resistance in step-pool, cascade, and plane-bed reaches on two different streams, where a reach is a length of channel 10⁰-10¹ m in length with consistent channel morphology. The project is divided into three parts: (1) identify specific controls on the total flow resistance throughout the channel network using statistical analysis; (2) investigate specific variations and controls in relation to stage within each reach by analyzing at-a-station hydraulic geometry; and (3) quantify and evaluate interactions among the individual flow resistance components that contribute to total flow resistance. Detailed channel and water surface surveys were conducted on 15 mountain stream reaches (nine step-pool channels, five cascade channels, and one plane-bed channel) using a tripod-mounted Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) scanner and laser theodolite. Reach-average velocities were measured at varying discharges with dye tracers and fluorometers. Results indicate that gradient is a dominant control for both total ff and the individual components of ff, which were divided into grain (ff_grain), form (ff_step), wood (ff_wood), and spill resistance (ff_spill). A second strong control on values of ff was discharge, with values of ff decreasing with increasing discharge. Spill and form resistance contributed the greatest amount towards total ff at low flows, whereas wood contributed a larger proportion at high discharges. The contribution of grain resistance was small at all flows, but generally decreased with increasing discharge. Methods for calculating the components of resistance were found to have large sources of error. Grain resistance was typically under-estimated at lower discharges, because methods assuming a semi-logarithmic velocity profile become invalid at base flows. A new method of calculating grain…

Subjects/Keywords: Geology; Geomorphology

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APA (6^th Edition):

David, G. C. L. (2011). Characterizing flow resistance in high gradient mountain streams, fraser experimental forest, Colorado. (Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3454592

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

David, Gabrielle Catherine Leila. “Characterizing flow resistance in high gradient mountain streams, fraser experimental forest, Colorado.” 2011. Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3454592.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

David, Gabrielle Catherine Leila. “Characterizing flow resistance in high gradient mountain streams, fraser experimental forest, Colorado.” 2011. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

David GCL. Characterizing flow resistance in high gradient mountain streams, fraser experimental forest, Colorado. [Internet] [Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3454592.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

David GCL. Characterizing flow resistance in high gradient mountain streams, fraser experimental forest, Colorado. [Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2011. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3454592

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of California, Santa Cruz

17. Walter, Jacob I. The influence of small stresses on the dynamics of glaciers and subduction zones.

Degree: 2012, University of California, Santa Cruz

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3540860

► The fast flow of glaciers and rupture of earthquakes on subduction zones both occur at interfaces notoriously difficult to observe. When slip events occur… (more)

▼ The fast flow of glaciers and rupture of earthquakes on subduction zones both occur at interfaces notoriously difficult to observe. When slip events occur on such interfaces, elastic energy is radiated in the form of seismic waves. Here, we analyze these and other signals, such as continuous GPS, for two glacier systems and a subduction zone. We find that the slip events at an Antarctic ice stream, a Greenland outlet glacier, and a subduction zone in Costa Rica are all modulated by the ocean tide, however, the manifestations of the modulations vary considerably. In Antarctica, we directly measure the bidaily rupture process of the Whillans Ice Plain using broadband seismometers. The average rupture speed of these events varies by a factor of 2, which is dependent upon the recurrence interval. Based on variations of rupture near the source region, we observe that rupture speed depends on loading conditions. In Greenland, the breakup of the sea ice and iceberg mixture that forms during the winter causes changes in the flow velocity of Store Glacier, West Greenland. We measure velocity using continuous GPS 16 km away from the terminus and time-lapse photography near the terminus. We observe a step-change in velocity near the terminus in response to the ice melange breakup, corresponding to a 30-60 kPa loss of buttressing stress. Further, we observe semi-diurnal periodicity in GPS speed perturbations 16 km from the terminus, likely due to ocean tides. At the subduction zone, we identify and locate tremor events, distinct from earthquakes in their low amplitude, which occur as shear failure on the plate interface. We locate the events on portions of the plate believed to be undergoing stable sliding, adjacent to locked portions of the plate. Furthermore, we provide multiple forms of geodetic and pressure evidence of an offshore event that occurred in 2008. Observations of various behaviors that include relatively small stresses may provide insight into the unique dynamics of glaciers and subduction zones. Small stresses that drive failure suggests either a weak basal interface or a system near its critical stress state.

Subjects/Keywords: Geophysics; Geomorphology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Walter, J. I. (2012). The influence of small stresses on the dynamics of glaciers and subduction zones. (Thesis). University of California, Santa Cruz. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3540860

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Walter, Jacob I. “The influence of small stresses on the dynamics of glaciers and subduction zones.” 2012. Thesis, University of California, Santa Cruz. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3540860.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Walter, Jacob I. “The influence of small stresses on the dynamics of glaciers and subduction zones.” 2012. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Walter JI. The influence of small stresses on the dynamics of glaciers and subduction zones. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California, Santa Cruz; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3540860.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Walter JI. The influence of small stresses on the dynamics of glaciers and subduction zones. [Thesis]. University of California, Santa Cruz; 2012. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3540860

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of California – Santa Cruz

18. Klier, Rachael Emily. A Field Test Of The Influence Of Grain Size In Determining Bedrock River Channel Slope.

Degree: Earth Science, 2014, University of California – Santa Cruz

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/0nc781r7

► Interpreting spatial patterns in rates of fluvial incision from river channel elevation long profile data requires an assumption that tectonic uplift rate governs river channel… (more)

▼ Interpreting spatial patterns in rates of fluvial incision from river channel elevation long profile data requires an assumption that tectonic uplift rate governs river channel slope. However, application of the most mechanistically explicit description of river incision [Sklar and Dietrich,2004] suggests that sediment flux and sediment grain size, not rock uplift rate, control river channel slopes in many settings. Because it is usually difficult to independently constrain sediment supply, tectonic interpretations of river elevation long profiles are necessarily uncertain. Here we exploit a natural experiment in Boulder Creek, a ~ 30 km² drainage in the Santa Cruz Mountains, CA USA in order isolate the affect of grain size and relative sediment supply on river channel slope in an actively uplifting landscape along a restraining bend in the San Andreas Fault.A single prominent knickpoint exists near the midpoint of Boulder Creek, separating a 6.8 km long region of low slope(~0.8%) from a steeper(~2.6%) 4.8 km reach along the lower portion of the channel . Mapping and field observations reveal that this knickpoint does not coincide with any lithologic or tectonic boundaries; the channel cuts weak sedimentary rock for it length. In addition, longer wavelength changes in rates of rock uplift due to the bend in the San Andreas fault near Boulder Creek are negligible over the relative small size of Boulder Creek's catchment. Instead the knickpoint coincides with the location of the first tributary that taps a source of resistant, granitic sediment that is not found in the upstream reaches of Boulder Creek. Field observations indicate that coarse granitic bedload is sourced by debris flows and introduced by a series of tributaries draining into the steep lower reaches of Boulder Creek. The knickpoint marks a transition in median grain size from ~2cm upstream of the knickpoint compared to an average of ~18cm downstream of the knickpoint. Additionally, upstream of the knickpoint , Boulder Creek is characterized by potholes and sculpted bedrock, consistent with sediment-starved conditions. The observation that bedrock channel slope changes are not well correlated with patterns in rock uplift supports Sklar and Dietrich's (2006) theoretical result that modest rates of rock uplift do not significantly influence river profile slopes. Based on this result and the clear correlation of channel slope and sediment supply along Boulder Creek, we chose to ignore rock uplift rate and instead explore the relative roles of grain size and sediment flux in influencing profile slopes along Boulder Creek. Using field surveys of grain size and high flow depth, we calculate that ~10% of the slope above the knickpoint and ~30% of the slope below the knickpoint is related to maintenance of the channel at the threshold for sediment motion. This implies that ~90% of the slope above the knickpoint and ~70% of the slope below the knickpoint is due to the excess stress that is required to move the coarse sediment load. This would imply that…

Subjects/Keywords: Geomorphology; Geology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Klier, R. E. (2014). A Field Test Of The Influence Of Grain Size In Determining Bedrock River Channel Slope. (Thesis). University of California – Santa Cruz. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/0nc781r7

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Klier, Rachael Emily. “A Field Test Of The Influence Of Grain Size In Determining Bedrock River Channel Slope.” 2014. Thesis, University of California – Santa Cruz. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/0nc781r7.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Klier, Rachael Emily. “A Field Test Of The Influence Of Grain Size In Determining Bedrock River Channel Slope.” 2014. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Klier RE. A Field Test Of The Influence Of Grain Size In Determining Bedrock River Channel Slope. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Santa Cruz; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/0nc781r7.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Klier RE. A Field Test Of The Influence Of Grain Size In Determining Bedrock River Channel Slope. [Thesis]. University of California – Santa Cruz; 2014. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/0nc781r7

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Colorado State University

19. Thomas, Dai B. Island dynamics and their role in regulating sediment flux in the Middle Snake River, Idaho.

Degree: 2014, Colorado State University

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3624383

► This study was conducted to provide an improved understanding of the dynamics of river islands and to investigate the role of islands in regulating… (more)

▼ This study was conducted to provide an improved understanding of the dynamics of river islands and to investigate the role of islands in regulating sediment flux within the fluvial system. The study showed that the islands in entrenched geomorphic subreaches of the MSR form, erode, and reform in locations controlled by lateral constrictions. The geometry of the islands adjust on a decadal or even longer time scale in response to a disturbance or changes in water and sediment supply, and thus, the islands form part of a temporal and spatial continuum of bedforms. The formation of the islands regulates sediment flux through the reach. The study reach of the Middle Snake River (MSR) in Idaho contains over 300 islands within approximately 200 km between Swan Falls Dam and Brownlie Reservoir. The hydrology of the study reach has been significantly altered by upstream dams on the mainstem and dams on tributaries within the study reach. Data used in the study include: (1) historical aerial photos (1938/1939) and topographic maps (c1894-1906), (2) topographic and bathymetric survey data collected in 1997 through 1999, (3) flow measurements from 1911 to present, (4) bed material samples, (5) morphostratigraphic mapping of 194 islands and (6) stratigraphic soil profile data collected on 95 islands. The soil profile data included soil stratigraphy, soil samples (used for sediment gradations and pollen analyses), pedological descriptions, historical artifacts and charcoal fragments (used for carbon dating). A previously developed 1-dimensional hydraulic model of the study reach was used to evaluate the hydraulic conditions along MSR and to calculate the overtopping discharges of the islands. Comparison of historical aerial and topographic data with 2012 aerial photography showed evidence of the growth and erosion of islands and reworking of island chains to form new configurations, illustrating the dynamic nature of the islands over the last approximately 100 years. The historical document review also showed that the location of almost all larger islands and island groups are controlled by lateral constrictions such as tributary fans. Soil profile data, pollen analyses, historical artifacts and radiocarbon dating of soil charcoal were used to determine the approximate age of islands and to evaluate the erosional and depositional activity of the islands. The soil profile data showed an extreme range in age at some islands where the gravel platform of the islands is old (circa 7,000 years), but the overlying sediments are young (on the order of hundreds of years). Two-dimensional sediment-transport models were developed to evaluate the baseline conditions and simulate island development. Baseline conditions modeling showed the gravel- to cobble-sized material forming the core of the islands is not mobilized under the current hydrology. The islands formed in response to more recent floods from silt-sand sized sediment supply, which explains the relatively young…

Subjects/Keywords: Hydrology; Geomorphology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Thomas, D. B. (2014). Island dynamics and their role in regulating sediment flux in the Middle Snake River, Idaho. (Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3624383

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Thomas, Dai B. “Island dynamics and their role in regulating sediment flux in the Middle Snake River, Idaho.” 2014. Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3624383.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Thomas, Dai B. “Island dynamics and their role in regulating sediment flux in the Middle Snake River, Idaho.” 2014. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Thomas DB. Island dynamics and their role in regulating sediment flux in the Middle Snake River, Idaho. [Internet] [Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3624383.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Thomas DB. Island dynamics and their role in regulating sediment flux in the Middle Snake River, Idaho. [Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2014. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3624383

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Oregon State University

20. Niem, Wendy A. Drainage basin morphology in the Central Coast Range of Oregon.

Degree: MS, Geography, 1976, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/44270

Subjects/Keywords: Geomorphology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Niem, W. A. (1976). Drainage basin morphology in the Central Coast Range of Oregon. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/44270

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Niem, Wendy A. “Drainage basin morphology in the Central Coast Range of Oregon.” 1976. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/44270.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Niem, Wendy A. “Drainage basin morphology in the Central Coast Range of Oregon.” 1976. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Niem WA. Drainage basin morphology in the Central Coast Range of Oregon. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 1976. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/44270.

Council of Science Editors:

Niem WA. Drainage basin morphology in the Central Coast Range of Oregon. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 1976. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/44270

21. Redwine, Joanna R. The Quaternary history of Mohawk Valley, northeastern California.

Degree: 2014, University of Nevada, Reno

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3608776

► Mohawk Valley is an inter montane basin with a rich Quaternary record, located at the northernmost end of the Sierra Nevada Mountains in northeastern… (more)

▼ Mohawk Valley is an inter montane basin with a rich Quaternary record, located at the northernmost end of the Sierra Nevada Mountains in northeastern California. Geologic mapping of surficial deposits, stratigraphy, tephrochronology, geomorphology, and soil development were used to interpret the past 740 ky of Quaternary history of Mohawk Valley. The robust tephrochronologic record within Mohawk Valley includes twenty-six different tephras and sixty-seven tephra beds that range in age from 740 to 7 ka. Geochemical analyses and correlations with previously identified volcanic tephras have resulted in revised age estimates for tephra beds distributed within, and beyond, Mohawk Valley. The tephra beds were deposited in lacustrine deposits of Mohawk Lake. Elevations of shorelines and minimum lake-levels based on elevations of waterlain tephra beds were used to reconstruct the history of Mohawk Lake. Mohawk Lake began to fill prior to 740 ka and continued to fluctuate, but overall rise, until after 175-235 ka when the lake reached the sill elevation, began to spill to the west, then incrementally lower and empty by ~7 ka. Throughout this period, there were at least five, and up to nine, different generations of glacial deposits that extended towards Mohawk Lake. These glacial deposits have been mapped, their soil development and weathering properties characterized, and ages estimated based on stratigraphic relations with tephra beds deposited within Mohawk Lake deposits. This mostly continuous, 740 ky record of sedimentation has enormous potential to examine paleoclimate in this area from any of a number of paleoclimate proxies. The interpretation that a deep lake existed in Mohawk Valley requires a mechanism to allow for deposition and preservation of organic-rich deposits in deep water. Mohawk Lake was likely a meromictic lake, a setting that leads to an anoxic environment that can preserve organic-rich sediments such as those found in Mohawk Valley. In addition, shorelines around Mohawk Valley and across much of the Mohawk Valley Fault Zone are at consistent elevations suggesting there is not a significant vertical component of faulting since 175-235 ka, and maybe since 570-610 ka. This indicates a change from the history of subsidence since the early Pliocene.

Subjects/Keywords: Geology; Geomorphology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Redwine, J. R. (2014). The Quaternary history of Mohawk Valley, northeastern California. (Thesis). University of Nevada, Reno. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3608776

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Redwine, Joanna R. “The Quaternary history of Mohawk Valley, northeastern California.” 2014. Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3608776.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Redwine, Joanna R. “The Quaternary history of Mohawk Valley, northeastern California.” 2014. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Redwine JR. The Quaternary history of Mohawk Valley, northeastern California. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Nevada, Reno; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3608776.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Redwine JR. The Quaternary history of Mohawk Valley, northeastern California. [Thesis]. University of Nevada, Reno; 2014. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3608776

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

22. LaBrecque, Taylor S. Holocene glacier fluctuations and tephra fall inferred from lacustrine sediment, Emerald Lake, Alaska.

Degree: 2014, Northern Arizona University

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1563867

► Downcore changes in physical and biological characteristics of lacustrine sediments from Emerald Lake were used to reconstruct the Holocene glacier history of Grewingk Glacier,… (more)

▼ Downcore changes in physical and biological characteristics of lacustrine sediments from Emerald Lake were used to reconstruct the Holocene glacier history of Grewingk Glacier, which drains the Grewingk-Yalik Ice Complex on Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. Emerald Lake is a threshold lake, receiving meltwater and clastic sediment when Grewingk Glacier overtops the topographic divide that separates it from Emerald Lake. Glacier meltwater discharge is represented in sediment cores from Emerald Lake by distinct light-gray, stony mud, with high density and low organic-matter content. Sub-bottom acoustical profiles were used to locate two core sites: one with a low sedimentation rate (Core 2; 18 m depth) and one with a high rate (Core 3; 50 m depth) to maximize both the length and resolution of the sedimentary sequence recovered in the ~3-m-long cores. Bulk density, sedimentation rate, stratigraphy, organic-matter content, and chlorophyll were used to record environmental changes since ~12 cal ka, with ¹⁴C and ²¹⁰Pb for geochronology. Ages were assigned to tephra beds in Cores 2 and 3: 18 and 9 beds respectively. A diffuse transition from the basal inorganic mud to organic-rich mud ~11.4 cal ka marks the initial retreat of the Grewingk Glacier below the divide of Emerald Lake. The overlaying organic-rich mud is interrupted by stony mud that records a brief re-advance as ice overtopped the divide again ~10.7 cal ka, followed by the final glacial-interglacial transition ~9.8 cal ka. The glacier did not spill meltwater into the lake again until the Little Ice Age, from around AD 1350-1900, consistent with documented LIA advances on the Kenai Peninsula. The retreat is estimated from lichen ages on a bouldery moraine on the topographic divide and is consistent with the previously estimated age of the Grewingk Glacier terminal moraine (AD 1858). The retreat of Grewingk Glacier below the divide at 11.4 cal ka took place as temperature and productivity increased across southern Alaska; the subsequent readvance above the divide at 10.7 cal ka corresponds with cooling beginning ~11.0 cal ka in south-central Alaska. Decreased precipitation in southern Alaska from 5.5 to 4.0 cal ka lowered the level of Emerald Lake and sedimentation rate decreased. The initial LIA advance over the divide (AD 1350) and peak meltwater input into Emerald Lake (AD 1660) coincide with documented solar minima, suggesting solar variability influences Grewingk Glacier fluctuations.

Subjects/Keywords: Geology; Geomorphology

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APA (6^th Edition):

LaBrecque, T. S. (2014). Holocene glacier fluctuations and tephra fall inferred from lacustrine sediment, Emerald Lake, Alaska. (Thesis). Northern Arizona University. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1563867

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

LaBrecque, Taylor S. “Holocene glacier fluctuations and tephra fall inferred from lacustrine sediment, Emerald Lake, Alaska.” 2014. Thesis, Northern Arizona University. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1563867.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

LaBrecque, Taylor S. “Holocene glacier fluctuations and tephra fall inferred from lacustrine sediment, Emerald Lake, Alaska.” 2014. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

LaBrecque TS. Holocene glacier fluctuations and tephra fall inferred from lacustrine sediment, Emerald Lake, Alaska. [Internet] [Thesis]. Northern Arizona University; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1563867.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

LaBrecque TS. Holocene glacier fluctuations and tephra fall inferred from lacustrine sediment, Emerald Lake, Alaska. [Thesis]. Northern Arizona University; 2014. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1563867

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of South Florida

23. Brownell, Andrew T. Morphological Changes Associated with Tropical Storm Debby in the Vicinity of Two Tidal Inlets, John's Pass and Blind Pass, West-Central Florida.

Degree: 2014, University of South Florida

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1549287

► Tropical Storm Debby affected the Gulf coast of Florida in late June, 2012. The storm's southerly approach temporarily reversed the annual net southward longshore… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Geology; Geomorphology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Brownell, A. T. (2014). Morphological Changes Associated with Tropical Storm Debby in the Vicinity of Two Tidal Inlets, John's Pass and Blind Pass, West-Central Florida. (Thesis). University of South Florida. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1549287

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Brownell, Andrew T. “Morphological Changes Associated with Tropical Storm Debby in the Vicinity of Two Tidal Inlets, John's Pass and Blind Pass, West-Central Florida.” 2014. Thesis, University of South Florida. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1549287.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Brownell, Andrew T. “Morphological Changes Associated with Tropical Storm Debby in the Vicinity of Two Tidal Inlets, John's Pass and Blind Pass, West-Central Florida.” 2014. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Brownell AT. Morphological Changes Associated with Tropical Storm Debby in the Vicinity of Two Tidal Inlets, John's Pass and Blind Pass, West-Central Florida. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of South Florida; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1549287.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Brownell AT. Morphological Changes Associated with Tropical Storm Debby in the Vicinity of Two Tidal Inlets, John's Pass and Blind Pass, West-Central Florida. [Thesis]. University of South Florida; 2014. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1549287

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Queens University

24. Cassidy, Alison Elizabeth. The Effects of Recent and Relict Permafrost Disturbances on Tundra Vegetation, Cape Bounty, Melville Island, Nunavut .

Degree: Geography, 2011, Queens University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6629

► Permafrost disturbances, including active layer detachments (ALDs), have occurred both recently and historically at Cape Bounty, Melville Island. These recent and relict ALDs were studied… (more)

▼ Permafrost disturbances, including active layer detachments (ALDs), have occurred both recently and historically at Cape Bounty, Melville Island. These recent and relict ALDs were studied to determine their short- and long-term landscape effects. Six relict detachments showed altered vegetation and site characteristics, despite 60 or more years of recovery. Of the environmental variables studied, including soil moisture, soil temperature, and active layer depth, soil moisture showed the greatest changes in disturbed zones. These were attributed to the concavity of disturbance, which allows for more snow accumulation. Two vegetation types influenced by moisture regimes, polar desert and mesic heath, were compared to determine the role of moisture in recovery. The best indicators of disturbance differed in areas of different moisture regimes, with canopy height showing increases in disturbed mesic heath zones, while Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values increased in polar desert disturbances. Ultimately, the comparison of vegetation in disturbed and undisturbed zones revealed differences to be highly localized and minimal. Remote sensing was utilized to compare the effects of recent and relict disturbances as seen on satellite and airborne imagery. Vegetation was classified using NDVI, and zonal separation of these values in ALDs revealed the upper scar areas and lower toe zones contained significantly different NDVI values. The upper scar values were similar to undisturbed control areas, as blocks of vegetation in these areas often contain unmodified vegetation, which later helps with revegetation. The lower toe zone displayed both elevated and lower NDVI values, as material accumulates in these areas but often in a complex with bare soil. Remote sensing techniques also allowed for site characterization of disturbances, with physiographic factors including slope and flow properties determined through satellite imagery. Slope values ranged from 3 to 13 degrees in each disturbance, but were found to be slightly lower in relict disturbances, as recovery and revegetation have reduced these slopes. Flow paths were identified in ALDs, however similar patterns were also identified in surrounding undisturbed landscapes. Given the small scale of many ALDs, it is difficult to characterize the nature of the changes associated with these events, particularly for relict ALDs.

Subjects/Keywords: Geomorphology ; Biogeography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cassidy, A. E. (2011). The Effects of Recent and Relict Permafrost Disturbances on Tundra Vegetation, Cape Bounty, Melville Island, Nunavut . (Thesis). Queens University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6629

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cassidy, Alison Elizabeth. “The Effects of Recent and Relict Permafrost Disturbances on Tundra Vegetation, Cape Bounty, Melville Island, Nunavut .” 2011. Thesis, Queens University. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6629.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cassidy, Alison Elizabeth. “The Effects of Recent and Relict Permafrost Disturbances on Tundra Vegetation, Cape Bounty, Melville Island, Nunavut .” 2011. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Cassidy AE. The Effects of Recent and Relict Permafrost Disturbances on Tundra Vegetation, Cape Bounty, Melville Island, Nunavut . [Internet] [Thesis]. Queens University; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6629.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Cassidy AE. The Effects of Recent and Relict Permafrost Disturbances on Tundra Vegetation, Cape Bounty, Melville Island, Nunavut . [Thesis]. Queens University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6629

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

College of William and Mary

25. Gammisch, Robert A. Geological History of a Holocene Drainage System: Hack Creek, Virginia.

Degree: MA, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 1986, College of William and Mary

URL: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617562

Subjects/Keywords: Geomorphology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gammisch, R. A. (1986). Geological History of a Holocene Drainage System: Hack Creek, Virginia. (Masters Thesis). College of William and Mary. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617562

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gammisch, Robert A. “Geological History of a Holocene Drainage System: Hack Creek, Virginia.” 1986. Masters Thesis, College of William and Mary. Accessed March 02, 2021. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617562.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gammisch, Robert A. “Geological History of a Holocene Drainage System: Hack Creek, Virginia.” 1986. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Gammisch RA. Geological History of a Holocene Drainage System: Hack Creek, Virginia. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. College of William and Mary; 1986. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617562.

Council of Science Editors:

Gammisch RA. Geological History of a Holocene Drainage System: Hack Creek, Virginia. [Masters Thesis]. College of William and Mary; 1986. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617562

College of William and Mary

26. Milligan, Donna Angela. An Investigation of the Late Quaternary Morphology of Mobjack Bay, VA and Application of a Facies Model.

Degree: MA, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 1994, College of William and Mary

URL: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617677

Subjects/Keywords: Geomorphology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Milligan, D. A. (1994). An Investigation of the Late Quaternary Morphology of Mobjack Bay, VA and Application of a Facies Model. (Masters Thesis). College of William and Mary. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617677

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Milligan, Donna Angela. “An Investigation of the Late Quaternary Morphology of Mobjack Bay, VA and Application of a Facies Model.” 1994. Masters Thesis, College of William and Mary. Accessed March 02, 2021. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617677.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Milligan, Donna Angela. “An Investigation of the Late Quaternary Morphology of Mobjack Bay, VA and Application of a Facies Model.” 1994. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Milligan DA. An Investigation of the Late Quaternary Morphology of Mobjack Bay, VA and Application of a Facies Model. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. College of William and Mary; 1994. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617677.

Council of Science Editors:

Milligan DA. An Investigation of the Late Quaternary Morphology of Mobjack Bay, VA and Application of a Facies Model. [Masters Thesis]. College of William and Mary; 1994. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617677

College of William and Mary

27. Carron, Michael Joseph. Geomorphic Processes of a Drowned River Valley, Lower York River Estuary, Virginia.

Degree: MA, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 1976, College of William and Mary

URL: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617467

Subjects/Keywords: Geomorphology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Carron, M. J. (1976). Geomorphic Processes of a Drowned River Valley, Lower York River Estuary, Virginia. (Masters Thesis). College of William and Mary. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617467

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Carron, Michael Joseph. “Geomorphic Processes of a Drowned River Valley, Lower York River Estuary, Virginia.” 1976. Masters Thesis, College of William and Mary. Accessed March 02, 2021. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617467.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Carron, Michael Joseph. “Geomorphic Processes of a Drowned River Valley, Lower York River Estuary, Virginia.” 1976. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Carron MJ. Geomorphic Processes of a Drowned River Valley, Lower York River Estuary, Virginia. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. College of William and Mary; 1976. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617467.

Council of Science Editors:

Carron MJ. Geomorphic Processes of a Drowned River Valley, Lower York River Estuary, Virginia. [Masters Thesis]. College of William and Mary; 1976. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617467

College of William and Mary

28. Fall, Kelsey A. Relationships among Fine Sediment Settling and Suspension, Bed Erodibility, and Particle Type in the York River Estuary, Virginia.

Degree: MS, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 2012, College of William and Mary

URL: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617918

► In order to understand the processes controlling the temporal variability in settling velocity (Ws) and bed erodibility (ε), in the middle reaches of the… (more)

▼ In order to understand the processes controlling the temporal variability in settling velocity (Ws) and bed erodibility (ε), in the middle reaches of the York River estuary, VA, the relationships between the hydrodynamics and particle types were investigated with a near-‐bed Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) and the York River 3-‐D Hydrodynamic Cohesive Bed Model. ADV observations of the flow characteristics that occurred over a strong temporal transition period indicated that Ws and ε were characterized by two distinct regimes with contrasting sediment and water column characteristics: (i) a physically-‐dominated regime (Regime 1) which was a period dominated by flocculated muds (flocs), and (ii) a biologically-‐influenced regime (Regime 2) which was a period dominated by biologically formed pellets mixed with flocs. During Regime 1, Ws averaged about 0.5 mm/s, and ε averaged about 3 kg/m2/Pa. In contrast, during Regime 2 average Ws increased to 1.5 mm/s, and average ε dropped to 1 kg/m2/Pa. The change between these two regimes and the transition in Ws and ε were linked with the arrival and departure of a seasonal density front. Comparison between ADV observations and the results from the York River 3-‐D Hydrodynamic Cohesive Bed Model suggested that the current model version was not conducive to examining the temporal variability in settling velocity associated with the transition of the distinct sediment regimes. The existing model version estimated realistic values for current speed and concentration and resolved the daily variation associated with in current speed, bed stress, concentration, and settling velocity. However, model estimates of bed stress, current speed, settling velocity, and erodibility did not suggest the presence of two distinct sediment regimes. The model did a poor job of predicting peak bed stresses and settling velocities. Both were over estimated by a factor of 2 throughout most of the study period. Possible modifications to create a version that is able to simulate the bed stresses and sediment properties (i.e. erodibility and settling velocity) during each regime with more accuracy are: (1) define finer sediment classes in the model that are more representative of the water column and not just the seabed, (2) use a consolidation time scale of 5 days rather than 24 hours to allow more sediment to be suspended at lower bed stresses, (3) further reduce hydraulic roughness, and (4) turn on sediment induced stratification.

Subjects/Keywords: Geomorphology; Oceanography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Fall, K. A. (2012). Relationships among Fine Sediment Settling and Suspension, Bed Erodibility, and Particle Type in the York River Estuary, Virginia. (Masters Thesis). College of William and Mary. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617918

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fall, Kelsey A. “Relationships among Fine Sediment Settling and Suspension, Bed Erodibility, and Particle Type in the York River Estuary, Virginia.” 2012. Masters Thesis, College of William and Mary. Accessed March 02, 2021. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617918.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fall, Kelsey A. “Relationships among Fine Sediment Settling and Suspension, Bed Erodibility, and Particle Type in the York River Estuary, Virginia.” 2012. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Fall KA. Relationships among Fine Sediment Settling and Suspension, Bed Erodibility, and Particle Type in the York River Estuary, Virginia. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. College of William and Mary; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617918.

Council of Science Editors:

Fall KA. Relationships among Fine Sediment Settling and Suspension, Bed Erodibility, and Particle Type in the York River Estuary, Virginia. [Masters Thesis]. College of William and Mary; 2012. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617918

University of Houston

29. Feinstein, Rose 1985-. Effects of catastrophic blowdown on headwater streams of the Routt National Forest, Colorado.

Degree: MS, Geology, 2012, University of Houston

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10657/531

► My study focuses on the effects of a severe storm event on headwater mountain stream morphology. In 1997 the Routt Divide Blowdown felled 13,000 acres… (more)

▼ My study focuses on the effects of a severe storm event on headwater mountain stream morphology. In 1997 the Routt Divide Blowdown felled 13,000 acres of trees in the Routt National Forest, Colorado, causing massive amounts of large wood (LW) loading in streams. A previous study (Massey, 2000) established a 1998 baseline in three streams: Sanchez Creek (control stream with 0% blowdown, no human activity, no fire), Agnes Creek (88% blowdown, no human activity, fire-affected) and South Fork Lost Dog (SFLD) Creek (92% blowdown – past logging and road construction, fire-affected). I resurveyed the streams during the summers of 2010 and 2011. I mapped channel morphology, classified and quantified the number, location, and function of LW pieces within the stream channel, and measured pebble counts. SFLD Creek had a reach-averaged increase in cross-sectional area (1998-2010) of ~1 m2 (~90%). Agnes Creek had a reach-averaged increase of ~0.1 m2 (~25%). Sanchez Creek had a reach-averaged increase of ~0.5 m2 (~45%). SFLD Creek became deeper by ~0.25 m (~65%), Agnes Creek became shallower by ~0.01 m (~3%), and Sanchez Creek became deeper by ~0.1 m (~35%). SFLD Creek was the only stream to have a coarsening trend in particle size. Comparisons of the channel margins surveyed in planview indicated changes in channel width. Agnes Creek widened by 1.5 m (~30%) whereas SFLD Creek narrowed by ~0.4 m (~20%). The map view of the control stream (Sanchez) was not surveyed in 2011 because of high snow pack. My initial hypothesis was that blowdown-related LW was a primary control on channel morphology over the 12-13 years study period. However, statistically significant differences in changes in area, width, and depth exist between SFLD and Agnes Creeks. In contrast, changes between Agnes and Sanchez Creeks were not statistically significant. This suggests other factors such as logging and road construction (as seen only in the SFLD Creek watershed) may play a larger role in channel morphology. To assess the importance of these factors on channel morphology, further studies are needed, including discharge and bank stability data, as well as recent mapping of the control stream (Sanchez). Advisors/Committee Members: Dupré, William R. (advisor), Khan, Shuhab D. (committee member), Ryan-Burkett, Sandra E. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Geomorphology; Geology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Feinstein, R. 1. (2012). Effects of catastrophic blowdown on headwater streams of the Routt National Forest, Colorado. (Masters Thesis). University of Houston. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10657/531

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Feinstein, Rose 1985-. “Effects of catastrophic blowdown on headwater streams of the Routt National Forest, Colorado.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Houston. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10657/531.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Feinstein, Rose 1985-. “Effects of catastrophic blowdown on headwater streams of the Routt National Forest, Colorado.” 2012. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Feinstein R1. Effects of catastrophic blowdown on headwater streams of the Routt National Forest, Colorado. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Houston; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10657/531.

Council of Science Editors:

Feinstein R1. Effects of catastrophic blowdown on headwater streams of the Routt National Forest, Colorado. [Masters Thesis]. University of Houston; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10657/531

Columbia University

30. Block, Adrienne. Geophysical perspectives of subglacial settings and their influence on glacial dynamics.

Degree: 2011, Columbia University

URL: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8F47NBF

► The subglacial settings of glaciers and continental ice sheets serve as a fundamental, long term control on the dynamics of the ice but are also… (more)

▼ The subglacial settings of glaciers and continental ice sheets serve as a fundamental, long term control on the dynamics of the ice but are also obscured by the great thickness of the ice. Integrated analysis of geophysical datasets is a fundamental tool for understanding a glacier's underpinnings. Using a combination of gravity, magnetic, radar and surface elevation data, we examine the relationship between the ice and its subglacial setting in three chapters that address the question on varying scales. The first explores the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains, a region of high topography in the center of East Antarctica. This range is thought to be the nucleation site of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet despite the lack of evidence to constrain its age. The geophysical data suggest a crustal architecture which, when compared with global mountain ranges, provides insight to the age and origin of the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains. We conclude that the mountains are over crust that was thickened in the Precambrian but have been been reactivated, creating their high modern relief. In the second chapter, we explore the Recovery Ice Stream in East Antarctica. Here the onset of fast flow is more than 500 km in the ice sheet interior and is thought to be linked to periodic drainages from four large Recovery Lakes. Using new aerogeophysical data in the region, we uncover two tectonic boundaries that each play a key role in the dynamics of the ice stream. The inland boundary limits the catchment of the lakes and their potential for frequent flood events. The second boundary is a transition from rugged bedrock to smooth, low-lying sediments. We conclude that the basal sediments facilitate fast flow independent of water input from the large Recovery Lakes. In the third and final chapter, we examine Jakobshavn Isbrae, West Greenland, the fastest moving non-surge glacier. Since the loss of its floating ice tongue beginning in 1998, this glacier has accelerated and now maintains fast flow speeds throughout the year. The glacier has a known subglacial trough and high driving stresses but even these optimal conditions cannot explain the late summer velocities. We find that the geophysical signals in the Jakobshavn Isbrae region require more geophysical contrasts than the coastal outcrops suggest. Specifically, we interpret a trough-centered gravity low as evidence of sediments underlying the radar-detected trough. These sediments facilitate fast flow by reducing basal resistance. Though Jakobshavn Isbrae is a glaciological endmember, its fate is linked to the underlying geology and best demonstrates the need for continued aerogeophysical survey to constrain subglacial settings. Understanding conditions at the bed is fundamental to understanding the state and fate of the planet's ice.

Subjects/Keywords: Geophysics; Geomorphology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Block, A. (2011). Geophysical perspectives of subglacial settings and their influence on glacial dynamics. (Doctoral Dissertation). Columbia University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.7916/D8F47NBF

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Block, Adrienne. “Geophysical perspectives of subglacial settings and their influence on glacial dynamics.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Columbia University. Accessed March 02, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8F47NBF.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Block, Adrienne. “Geophysical perspectives of subglacial settings and their influence on glacial dynamics.” 2011. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Block A. Geophysical perspectives of subglacial settings and their influence on glacial dynamics. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Columbia University; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8F47NBF.

Council of Science Editors:

Block A. Geophysical perspectives of subglacial settings and their influence on glacial dynamics. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Columbia University; 2011. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8F47NBF

Open Access Theses and Dissertations