subject:(Geometric Morphometrics)

University of Connecticut

1. Bishop, Jordan M. Examining Valve Shape Variation in the Freshwater Diatom Genus Eunotia over Time and Space.

Degree: MS, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 2016, University of Connecticut

URL: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/gs_theses/960

► A geometric morphometrics landmark analysis was used to investigate evolutionary shape change of Eunotia, a cosmopolitan freshwater diatom genus. Modern records from temperate and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Diatom; Eunotia; Geometric Morphometrics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bishop, J. M. (2016). Examining Valve Shape Variation in the Freshwater Diatom Genus Eunotia over Time and Space. (Masters Thesis). University of Connecticut. Retrieved from https://opencommons.uconn.edu/gs_theses/960

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bishop, Jordan M. “Examining Valve Shape Variation in the Freshwater Diatom Genus Eunotia over Time and Space.” 2016. Masters Thesis, University of Connecticut. Accessed April 14, 2021. https://opencommons.uconn.edu/gs_theses/960.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bishop, Jordan M. “Examining Valve Shape Variation in the Freshwater Diatom Genus Eunotia over Time and Space.” 2016. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Bishop JM. Examining Valve Shape Variation in the Freshwater Diatom Genus Eunotia over Time and Space. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Connecticut; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/gs_theses/960.

Council of Science Editors:

Bishop JM. Examining Valve Shape Variation in the Freshwater Diatom Genus Eunotia over Time and Space. [Masters Thesis]. University of Connecticut; 2016. Available from: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/gs_theses/960

East Tennessee State University

2. Jansky, Kyle J. Identifying Myotis Species Using Geometric Morphometrics and its Implications for the Fossil Record and Conservation.

Degree: MS, Geosciences, 2013, East Tennessee State University

URL: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1145

► Dentaries of the 6 species of Myotis that occur in the eastern United States were analyzed using landmark-based geometric morphometrics. The species could be… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Myotis; Geometric Morphometrics; Dentary; Paleontology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jansky, K. J. (2013). Identifying Myotis Species Using Geometric Morphometrics and its Implications for the Fossil Record and Conservation. (Thesis). East Tennessee State University. Retrieved from https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1145

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jansky, Kyle J. “Identifying Myotis Species Using Geometric Morphometrics and its Implications for the Fossil Record and Conservation.” 2013. Thesis, East Tennessee State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1145.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jansky, Kyle J. “Identifying Myotis Species Using Geometric Morphometrics and its Implications for the Fossil Record and Conservation.” 2013. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Jansky KJ. Identifying Myotis Species Using Geometric Morphometrics and its Implications for the Fossil Record and Conservation. [Internet] [Thesis]. East Tennessee State University; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1145.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Jansky KJ. Identifying Myotis Species Using Geometric Morphometrics and its Implications for the Fossil Record and Conservation. [Thesis]. East Tennessee State University; 2013. Available from: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1145

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Royal Holloway, University of London

3. Marr, Melissa. Faunal response to abrupt climate change : the history of the British mammal fauna from the Lateglacial to the Early Holocene.

Degree: PhD, 2017, Royal Holloway, University of London

URL: https://pure.royalholloway.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/faunal-response-to-abrupt-climate-change-the-history-of-the-british-mammal-fauna-from-the-lateglacial-to-the-early-holocene(9efc3c14-3678-4f39-ae10-bc384aeaafbf).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.792691

► Rapid changes in climate are known to be drivers of profound ecosystem change and adaptive evolution. Repetitive and abrupt switches between glacial and interglacial conditions… (more)

▼ Rapid changes in climate are known to be drivers of profound ecosystem change and adaptive evolution. Repetitive and abrupt switches between glacial and interglacial conditions are strongly associated with range shifts, isolation in refugia, extinctions, local extirpations, re-colonisation events, demographic oscillations and repeated bouts of secondary contact in both flora and fauna. This study utilises a synthesis of ancient DNA and both 2D and 3D geometric morphometrics to examine phylogenetic, ecomorphological and population-level responses to abrupt climate change in British mammals. The investigation focuses on a period of significant climatic variability; the closing stages of the last (Devensian) glaciation into the current Holocene interglacial. Four broad alternating cold and warm episodes are recognized in Britain - the end of the Dimlington Stadial, the Lateglacial Interstadial, the Younger Dryas Stadial and the Holocene Interglacial. Three species with differing ecologies and life history traits were selected in order to look for common trends or individualistic responses: common vole (Microtus arvalis), Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) and the European wildcat (Felis silvestris silvestris). Geometric morphometrics was shown to be a highly effective tool, both with which to discriminate between morphologically similar species using isolated molar teeth, and with which to identify subtle form changes in tooth morphology that can be related to climate. Whole mitogenomes and single coding and non-coding mtDNA sequences were successfully obtained, in all cases representing the oldest DNA yet sequenced from these species. A common geographical origin was identified for all species as the north-west coast of Europe. Evidence for population continuity over the Younger Dryas cold interval was uncovered for M. arvalis and C. fiber and was associated with a possible micro-refugial area in the south-west of England. Levels of genetic diversity and the degree of phylogenetic and population substructure could be tentatively attributed to the individual dispersal capabilities and ecological preferences of different species. Overall, this study uncovered formerly unknown population histories from ancient British mammal species and highlighted the huge potential of ancient DNA and geometric morphometrics for unravelling the Late and Postglacial history of the British mammal fauna.

Subjects/Keywords: ancient DNA; geometric morphometrics; British mammals

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APA (6^th Edition):

Marr, M. (2017). Faunal response to abrupt climate change : the history of the British mammal fauna from the Lateglacial to the Early Holocene. (Doctoral Dissertation). Royal Holloway, University of London. Retrieved from https://pure.royalholloway.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/faunal-response-to-abrupt-climate-change-the-history-of-the-british-mammal-fauna-from-the-lateglacial-to-the-early-holocene(9efc3c14-3678-4f39-ae10-bc384aeaafbf).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.792691

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Marr, Melissa. “Faunal response to abrupt climate change : the history of the British mammal fauna from the Lateglacial to the Early Holocene.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Royal Holloway, University of London. Accessed April 14, 2021. https://pure.royalholloway.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/faunal-response-to-abrupt-climate-change-the-history-of-the-british-mammal-fauna-from-the-lateglacial-to-the-early-holocene(9efc3c14-3678-4f39-ae10-bc384aeaafbf).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.792691.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Marr, Melissa. “Faunal response to abrupt climate change : the history of the British mammal fauna from the Lateglacial to the Early Holocene.” 2017. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Marr M. Faunal response to abrupt climate change : the history of the British mammal fauna from the Lateglacial to the Early Holocene. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Royal Holloway, University of London; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: https://pure.royalholloway.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/faunal-response-to-abrupt-climate-change-the-history-of-the-british-mammal-fauna-from-the-lateglacial-to-the-early-holocene(9efc3c14-3678-4f39-ae10-bc384aeaafbf).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.792691.

Council of Science Editors:

Marr M. Faunal response to abrupt climate change : the history of the British mammal fauna from the Lateglacial to the Early Holocene. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Royal Holloway, University of London; 2017. Available from: https://pure.royalholloway.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/faunal-response-to-abrupt-climate-change-the-history-of-the-british-mammal-fauna-from-the-lateglacial-to-the-early-holocene(9efc3c14-3678-4f39-ae10-bc384aeaafbf).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.792691

Texas A&M University

4. Carlson, Keely Britt. Developmental Simulation of the Adult Cranial Morphology of Australopithecus sediba.

Degree: PhD, Anthropology, 2014, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153581

► The present study involves the developmental simulation of the adult cranial morphology of the newly discovered species, Australopithecus sediba. Au. sediba has been the focus… (more)

▼ The present study involves the developmental simulation of the adult cranial morphology of the newly discovered species, Australopithecus sediba. Au. sediba has been the focus of considerable discussion and debate in paleoanthropology, following its announcement as a new species in 2010. The unique mosaic morphology of the Malapa hominins - with features aligning them to both earlier species of australopith as well as later Homo - has led some to hypothesize that Au. sediba represents the best candidate ancestor to the genus Homo. To date, only a single, relatively complete cranium has been recovered from the Malapa fossil site, belonging to the type specimen designated MH1. While its second molars are erupted and in occlusion, the third molars remain in the crypt, indicating the juvenile status of MH1. Some commentators have suggested that, because MH1 was a juvenile, its morphology may have changed substantially as it progressed towards adulthood. Further, these changes may have been significant enough to alter current interpretations of its morphological affinities, including traits thought to align Au. sediba with the genus Homo. As such, understanding the degree and nature of change to be expected to occur between second and third molar eruption is of crucial importance. The present study has addressed this problem using 3D geometric morphometric techniques for the developmental simulation of the MH1 fossil cranium. Landmark-based developmental vectors were acquired from three extant hominoid species, including chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), and modern humans (H. sapiens). Vectors were separated by sex to control for the influence of secondary sexual characteristics and applied to the reconstructed MH1 cranium. Six virtual adult crania were generated in total, a male and female from each of the three extant hominoid species used in simulation. In order to understand the morphological affinities of these generated adults in a broader comparative context, multivariate tests were carried out using a sample of non-robust hominin crania. The results indicate that the majority of morphological changes expected to occur between second and third molar eruption are related to puberty. Results acquired from principal components analysis (PCA) and Procrustes distance matrix analysis indicate that all simulated adult crania of Au. sediba show greater similarities to one another than to other hominin species. All simulated Au. sediba adults consistently clustered together with the original juvenile cranium in PCA, separate from other hominin taxa. Results acquired from distance matrices also indicate that variation within the sample of simulated adult Au. sediba crania does not exceed that of other extant hominoid species, regardless of the developmental vector applied. Therefore, the results of this study provide empirical support for a separate, species-level diagnosis for Au. sediba, and further indicate the need to account for sexual dimorphism in morphometric studies of developmental… Advisors/Committee Members: de Ruiter, Darryl J (advisor), Wright, Lori (committee member), Carlson, David (committee member), DeWitt, Thomas J (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Australopithecus sediba; geometric morphometrics; developmental simulation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Carlson, K. B. (2014). Developmental Simulation of the Adult Cranial Morphology of Australopithecus sediba. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153581

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Carlson, Keely Britt. “Developmental Simulation of the Adult Cranial Morphology of Australopithecus sediba.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153581.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Carlson, Keely Britt. “Developmental Simulation of the Adult Cranial Morphology of Australopithecus sediba.” 2014. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Carlson KB. Developmental Simulation of the Adult Cranial Morphology of Australopithecus sediba. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153581.

Council of Science Editors:

Carlson KB. Developmental Simulation of the Adult Cranial Morphology of Australopithecus sediba. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153581

Boston University

5. Berthelot, Carolyn M. Metric, nonmetric, and geometric morphometric methods of sex estimation using the distal humerus.

Degree: MS, Forensic Anthropology, 2014, Boston University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/15312

► Sex estimation is one of the most important, and arguably the first, parts of the biological profile that is estimated for purposes of human identification.… (more)

▼ Sex estimation is one of the most important, and arguably the first, parts of the biological profile that is estimated for purposes of human identification. This study will examine the utility of the distal humerus in sex estimation. The goal of this research is to corroborate the usefulness of the distal humerus in sex estimation and the usefulness of geometric morphometrics in sex estimation, as well as validate metric and visual methods for sex estimation using the distal humerus. Multiple methods of sex estimation are necessary because complete skeletons are rarely found, and often only fragments are discovered. Three methods of sex estimation utilizing the distal humerus are used in this study: epicondylar breadth (n=448), nonmetric traits per Rogers (1999) and Vance et al. (2011 (n=444)), and geometric morphometrics via a Microscribe digitizer and MorphoJ software (n=227). The sample was taken from the William M. Bass Donated Skeletal Collection and was primarily composed of White Americans. The male to female ratio was approximately equal. The results of the metric aspect of the study showed a classification accuracy of 88.84% with low intra-observer and inter-observer error rates. The results of the nonmetric aspect of the study showed a classification accuracy of 77% when all traits were combined with low intra-observer and high inter-observer error rates. The results of the geometric morphometric aspect of the study showed a classification accuracy of 55% for all landmarks, 57% for anterior landmarks, and 63% for posterior landmarks. The results show that not only is the epicondylar breadth a reliable and effective method of sex estimation, it is easily repeatable by other observers. The nonmetric method is useful when epicondylar breadth cannot be measured or when an observer is familiar with the method. The geometric morphometric method is not as strong as the other two methods, but with further research and modifications may become a feasible option for sex estimation using the distal humerus. The author concludes that the distal humerus is sexually dimorphic and can be used to estimate sex accurately.

Subjects/Keywords: Forensic anthropology; Geometric morphometrics; Humerus; Sex estimation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Berthelot, C. M. (2014). Metric, nonmetric, and geometric morphometric methods of sex estimation using the distal humerus. (Masters Thesis). Boston University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2144/15312

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Berthelot, Carolyn M. “Metric, nonmetric, and geometric morphometric methods of sex estimation using the distal humerus.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Boston University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2144/15312.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Berthelot, Carolyn M. “Metric, nonmetric, and geometric morphometric methods of sex estimation using the distal humerus.” 2014. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Berthelot CM. Metric, nonmetric, and geometric morphometric methods of sex estimation using the distal humerus. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Boston University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/15312.

Council of Science Editors:

Berthelot CM. Metric, nonmetric, and geometric morphometric methods of sex estimation using the distal humerus. [Masters Thesis]. Boston University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/15312

6. Zhuang, Mingna. An Integrative Analysis of Gecko Foot Morphology in Relation to the Evolution of the Adhesive System.

Degree: Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, 2018, University of California – Riverside

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2396m9zk

► The foot is a crucial component to locomotion and is greatly affected by the evolution of new functions. This dissertation examines both functional and morphological… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Biology; foot shape; gecko; geometric morphometrics; locomotion

10 more images…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Zhuang, M. (2018). An Integrative Analysis of Gecko Foot Morphology in Relation to the Evolution of the Adhesive System. (Thesis). University of California – Riverside. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2396m9zk

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zhuang, Mingna. “An Integrative Analysis of Gecko Foot Morphology in Relation to the Evolution of the Adhesive System.” 2018. Thesis, University of California – Riverside. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2396m9zk.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zhuang, Mingna. “An Integrative Analysis of Gecko Foot Morphology in Relation to the Evolution of the Adhesive System.” 2018. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Zhuang M. An Integrative Analysis of Gecko Foot Morphology in Relation to the Evolution of the Adhesive System. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Riverside; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2396m9zk.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Zhuang M. An Integrative Analysis of Gecko Foot Morphology in Relation to the Evolution of the Adhesive System. [Thesis]. University of California – Riverside; 2018. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2396m9zk

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Iowa State University

7. Baken, Erica Karin. Macroevolution of microhabitat, climate, and morphology in lungless salamanders (Family: Plethodontidae).

Degree: 2020, Iowa State University

URL: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/17970

► Biologists have long sought to understand how ecological selective pressures drive evolutionary responses. Defining how morphology, life history, and abiotic conditions interact across deep time… (more)

▼ Biologists have long sought to understand how ecological selective pressures drive evolutionary responses. Defining how morphology, life history, and abiotic conditions interact across deep time can reveal the selective pressures responsible for shaping various axes of biodiversity. I used this three-pronged framework to investigate the macroevolution of the family of lungless salamanders (Plethodontidae), well-known for its impressive ecological and geographic diversity while exhibiting little apparent morphological diversity. Employing ancestral state estimation methods, geometric morphometrics, and various phylogenetic comparative approaches, I first investigated the macroevolutionary responses of functional morphology to microhabitat-use across the clade's history. From these analyses, I estimated at least five independent transitions towards arboreality and over 60 transitions away from arboreality across the plethodontid tree of life. This suggests that arboreality may represent an evolutionarily transitory state for lungless salamanders, with a high tendency to abandon arboreal habitats to return to the ancestral terrestrial habitat. I also found no evidence of morphologically distinct body shapes or foot shapes in arboreal species, suggesting that it is unlikely that the tendency to occupy or abandon arboreal microhabitats is driven by biomechanical constraints. I next explored the relationship between microhabitat use and abiotic conditions, revealing that arboreal species occupy warmer, wetter climates than terrestrial species as measured by coarse environmental data summarized across entire species' ranges. This pattern was explicated using phylogenetic comparative methods and corroborated with a novel implementation of ecological niche modeling. From this analysis, I concluded that the availability of arboreal microhabitats is largely determined by the abiotic conditions of the species range. Finally, following our discovery of the importance of climate in determining these species' ecological patterns, I investigated the macroevolution of the morphological trait, surface area to volume ratios (SA:V), across the family with respect to climatic variation. SA:V is particularly relevant for climatic conditions as lungless salamanders display little cutaneous resistance to water-loss and are thus prone to environmentally-induced desiccation. I developed a method to estimate SA:V which strongly outperformed traditional estimates of SA:V and revealed that salamanders in less-desiccation prone climates exhibit higher and more disparate SA:Vs. This is consistent with our hypothesis that drier climates restrict the evolution of body forms conferring high SA:Vs. Altogether, these results reveal that broad climatic patterns may be the most important ecological selective pressure in shaping the macroevolution of morphology and microhabitat use for plethodontids.

Subjects/Keywords: Arboreal; Climate; Geometric Morphometrics; Macroevolution; Salamander

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Baken, E. K. (2020). Macroevolution of microhabitat, climate, and morphology in lungless salamanders (Family: Plethodontidae). (Thesis). Iowa State University. Retrieved from https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/17970

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Baken, Erica Karin. “Macroevolution of microhabitat, climate, and morphology in lungless salamanders (Family: Plethodontidae).” 2020. Thesis, Iowa State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/17970.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Baken, Erica Karin. “Macroevolution of microhabitat, climate, and morphology in lungless salamanders (Family: Plethodontidae).” 2020. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Baken EK. Macroevolution of microhabitat, climate, and morphology in lungless salamanders (Family: Plethodontidae). [Internet] [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/17970.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Baken EK. Macroevolution of microhabitat, climate, and morphology in lungless salamanders (Family: Plethodontidae). [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2020. Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/17970

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Toronto

8. Steele, Sarah Elizabeth. Body Size Evolution and Diversity of Fishes using the Neotropical Cichlids (Cichlinae) as a Model System.

Degree: PhD, 2018, University of Toronto

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/101664

►

The influence of body size on an organism’s physiology, morphology, ecology, and life history has been considered one of the most fundamental relationships in ecology… (more)

▼

The influence of body size on an organism’s physiology, morphology, ecology, and life history has been considered one of the most fundamental relationships in ecology and evolution. The ray-finned fishes are a highly diverse group of vertebrates. Yet, our understanding of diversification in this group is incomplete, and the role of body size in creating this diversity is largely unknown. I examined body size in Neotropical cichlids (Cichlinae) to elucidate the large- and small-scale factors affecting body size diversity and distribution, and how body size shapes species, morphological, and ecological diversity in fishes. Characterization of body size distributions across the phylogeny of Neotropical cichlids revealed considerable overlap in body size, particularly in intermediate-sized fishes, with few, species-poor lineages exhibiting extreme body size. Three potential peaks of adaptive evolution in body size were identified within Cichlinae. I found freshwater fishes globally tend to be smaller and their distributions more diverse and right-skewed than marine counterparts, irrespective of taxonomy and clade age, with a strengthening of these trends in riverine systems. Comparisons of Neotropical cichlid body size diversity and distribution to this broader context shows that body size patterns are largely abnormal compared to most freshwater fishes, particularly those of the Neotropics. This implies that small body size is rarer in Cichlinae, despite several independent cases of body size decrease in this lineage. I found that these small-bodied lineages are miniaturized cichlids, exhibiting strong reduction in body size, as well as paedomorphic characters and ontogenetic truncation compared to their sister taxa. Further examination of ontogenies across Neotropical cichlids found considerable shape conservatism over ontogeny and phylogeny, with cichlids following similar ontogenetic trajectories. Therefore, ontogenetic pathways do not contribute considerably to morphological divergence seen in adults, with divergence likely occurring in the larval stage or perhaps during embryology. The evolution of ontogeny, body size, and shape did not correspond to a unique adaptive peak in miniatures, or three body size optima predicted from the distribution of size across the phylogeny. Rather, it is complex and, like early trait divergence previously seen, diversifies early in the phylogeny across the major lineages of Neotropical cichlids.

2020-07-11 00:00:00

Advisors/Committee Members: López-Fernández, Hernán, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology.

Subjects/Keywords: Allometry; Cichlids; Geometric Morphometrics; Ontogeny; 0412

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Steele, S. E. (2018). Body Size Evolution and Diversity of Fishes using the Neotropical Cichlids (Cichlinae) as a Model System. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Toronto. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1807/101664

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Steele, Sarah Elizabeth. “Body Size Evolution and Diversity of Fishes using the Neotropical Cichlids (Cichlinae) as a Model System.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Toronto. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/101664.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Steele, Sarah Elizabeth. “Body Size Evolution and Diversity of Fishes using the Neotropical Cichlids (Cichlinae) as a Model System.” 2018. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Steele SE. Body Size Evolution and Diversity of Fishes using the Neotropical Cichlids (Cichlinae) as a Model System. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Toronto; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/101664.

Council of Science Editors:

Steele SE. Body Size Evolution and Diversity of Fishes using the Neotropical Cichlids (Cichlinae) as a Model System. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Toronto; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/101664

Boston University

9. Graham, Meghan. Early recognition of mandibular growth pattern using geometric morphometrics.

Degree: MSin Design, Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2017, Boston University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/26206

► OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to determine the earliest time point in growth when a difference in mandibular shape of dolichocephalic and brachycephalic… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Dentistry; Development; Geometric morphometrics; Growth; Mandibular shape

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Graham, M. (2017). Early recognition of mandibular growth pattern using geometric morphometrics. (Masters Thesis). Boston University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2144/26206

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Graham, Meghan. “Early recognition of mandibular growth pattern using geometric morphometrics.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Boston University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2144/26206.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Graham, Meghan. “Early recognition of mandibular growth pattern using geometric morphometrics.” 2017. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Graham M. Early recognition of mandibular growth pattern using geometric morphometrics. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Boston University; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/26206.

Council of Science Editors:

Graham M. Early recognition of mandibular growth pattern using geometric morphometrics. [Masters Thesis]. Boston University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/26206

University of Manchester

10. Varón González, Ceferino. Shape and phylogeny.

Degree: PhD, 2014, University of Manchester

URL: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/shape-and-phylogeny(f432d494-9755-41f9-b067-431023ad3248).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.634868

► Geometric morphometrics, the science about the study of shape, has developed much in the last twenty years. In this thesis I first study the reliability… (more)

▼ Geometric morphometrics, the science about the study of shape, has developed much in the last twenty years. In this thesis I first study the reliability of the phylogenies built using geometric morphometrics. The effect of different evolutionary models, branch-length combinations, dimensionality and degrees of integration is explored using computer simulations. Unfortunately in the most common situations (presence of stabilizing selection, short distance between internal nodes and presence of integration) the reliability of the phylogenies is very low. Different empirical studies are analysed to estimate the degree of evolutionary integration usually found in nature. This gives an idea about how powerful the effect of integration is over the reliability of the phylogenies in empirical studies. Evolutionary integration is studied looking at the decrease of variance in the principal components of the tangent shape space using the independent contrasts of shape. The results suggest that empirical data usually show strong degrees of integration in most of the organisms and structures analysed. These are bad news, since strong degree of integration has devastating effects over the phylogenetic reliability, as suggested by our simulations. However, we also propose the existence of other theoretical situations in which strong integration may not translate into convergence between species, like perpendicular orientation of the integration patterns or big total variance relative to the distance between species in the shape space. Finally, geometric morphometrics is applied to the study of the evolution of shape in proteins. There are reasons to think that, because of their modular nature and huge dimensionality, proteins may show different patterns of evolutionary integration. Unfortunately, proteins also show strong functional demands, which influence their evolution and that cause strong integration patterns. Integration is then confirmed as a widespread property in the evolution of shape, which causes poor phylogenetic estimates.

Subjects/Keywords: 576.8; Shape; Phylogenetics; Geometric morphometrics; Integration; Phenotype

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Varón González, C. (2014). Shape and phylogeny. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/shape-and-phylogeny(f432d494-9755-41f9-b067-431023ad3248).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.634868

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Varón González, Ceferino. “Shape and phylogeny.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed April 14, 2021. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/shape-and-phylogeny(f432d494-9755-41f9-b067-431023ad3248).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.634868.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Varón González, Ceferino. “Shape and phylogeny.” 2014. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Varón González C. Shape and phylogeny. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/shape-and-phylogeny(f432d494-9755-41f9-b067-431023ad3248).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.634868.

Council of Science Editors:

Varón González C. Shape and phylogeny. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2014. Available from: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/shape-and-phylogeny(f432d494-9755-41f9-b067-431023ad3248).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.634868

University of Oregon

11. Simons, Evan. Ontogeny and phylogeny of catarrhine crania: an analysis of the evolution of ontogenetic shape change trajectories using geometric morphometrics.

Degree: PhD, Department of Anthropology, 2019, University of Oregon

URL: https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/24838

► While there have been numerous previous investigations into catarrhine cranial ontogeny, these studies have often led to conflicting results, possibly due to the use of… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Allometry; Crania; Geometric morphometrics; Ontogeny; Phylogeny

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APA (6^th Edition):

Simons, E. (2019). Ontogeny and phylogeny of catarrhine crania: an analysis of the evolution of ontogenetic shape change trajectories using geometric morphometrics. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oregon. Retrieved from https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/24838

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Simons, Evan. “Ontogeny and phylogeny of catarrhine crania: an analysis of the evolution of ontogenetic shape change trajectories using geometric morphometrics.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oregon. Accessed April 14, 2021. https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/24838.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Simons, Evan. “Ontogeny and phylogeny of catarrhine crania: an analysis of the evolution of ontogenetic shape change trajectories using geometric morphometrics.” 2019. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Simons E. Ontogeny and phylogeny of catarrhine crania: an analysis of the evolution of ontogenetic shape change trajectories using geometric morphometrics. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oregon; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/24838.

Council of Science Editors:

Simons E. Ontogeny and phylogeny of catarrhine crania: an analysis of the evolution of ontogenetic shape change trajectories using geometric morphometrics. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oregon; 2019. Available from: https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/24838

East Tennessee State University

12. Shelleman, Mark. Using Geometric Morphometrics to Differentiate Lower First Molars of Microtus Species: A Review of the Clark’s Cave Bone Deposit, VA.

Degree: MS, Geosciences, 2015, East Tennessee State University

URL: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2490

► Clark’s Cave contains a large collection of late Pleistocene mammal material. In particular, it contains a sizable amount of Microtus spp. which can be… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Microtus; geometric morphometrics; Clark’s Cave; Geology; Paleontology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Shelleman, M. (2015). Using Geometric Morphometrics to Differentiate Lower First Molars of Microtus Species: A Review of the Clark’s Cave Bone Deposit, VA. (Thesis). East Tennessee State University. Retrieved from https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2490

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Shelleman, Mark. “Using Geometric Morphometrics to Differentiate Lower First Molars of Microtus Species: A Review of the Clark’s Cave Bone Deposit, VA.” 2015. Thesis, East Tennessee State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2490.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Shelleman, Mark. “Using Geometric Morphometrics to Differentiate Lower First Molars of Microtus Species: A Review of the Clark’s Cave Bone Deposit, VA.” 2015. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Shelleman M. Using Geometric Morphometrics to Differentiate Lower First Molars of Microtus Species: A Review of the Clark’s Cave Bone Deposit, VA. [Internet] [Thesis]. East Tennessee State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2490.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Shelleman M. Using Geometric Morphometrics to Differentiate Lower First Molars of Microtus Species: A Review of the Clark’s Cave Bone Deposit, VA. [Thesis]. East Tennessee State University; 2015. Available from: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2490

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

13. Josek, Tanya. A deeper look into the morphology and receptors found in the tick (Acari: Ixodidae) chemoperception structure, the Haller's organ.

Degree: MS, Entomology, 2015, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/88299

► The Haller's organ is a sensory structure unique to ixodid ticks that assists in host seeking behaviors. Presented here are the results of a detailed… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Haller’s organ; ticks; geometric morphometrics; chemoperception expression

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APA (6^th Edition):

Josek, T. (2015). A deeper look into the morphology and receptors found in the tick (Acari: Ixodidae) chemoperception structure, the Haller's organ. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/88299

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Josek, Tanya. “A deeper look into the morphology and receptors found in the tick (Acari: Ixodidae) chemoperception structure, the Haller's organ.” 2015. Thesis, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/88299.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Josek, Tanya. “A deeper look into the morphology and receptors found in the tick (Acari: Ixodidae) chemoperception structure, the Haller's organ.” 2015. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Josek T. A deeper look into the morphology and receptors found in the tick (Acari: Ixodidae) chemoperception structure, the Haller's organ. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/88299.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Josek T. A deeper look into the morphology and receptors found in the tick (Acari: Ixodidae) chemoperception structure, the Haller's organ. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/88299

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Melbourne

14. Fan, Yi. Quantification of mandibular morphological changes in 3D.

Degree: 2019, University of Melbourne

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/225588

► Accurate quantification of mandibular morphological changes is important for orthodontic treatment planning and forensic applications. Traditional two-dimensional (2D) cephalometrics are limited to linear distances or… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: geometric morphometrics; mandible; cone beam computed tomography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Fan, Y. (2019). Quantification of mandibular morphological changes in 3D. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Melbourne. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11343/225588

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fan, Yi. “Quantification of mandibular morphological changes in 3D.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Melbourne. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11343/225588.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fan, Yi. “Quantification of mandibular morphological changes in 3D.” 2019. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Fan Y. Quantification of mandibular morphological changes in 3D. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/225588.

Council of Science Editors:

Fan Y. Quantification of mandibular morphological changes in 3D. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/225588

Stellenbosch University

15. Kaleme, Prince K. Habitat fragmentation, patterns of diversity and phylogeography of small mammal species in the Albertine rift.

Degree: Botany and Zoology, 2011, Stellenbosch University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18110

►

Thesis (PhD) - Stellenbosch University, 2011.

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Albertine Rift is characterized by a heterogeneous landscape which may, at least in part, drive the… (more)

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Thesis (PhD) - Stellenbosch University, 2011.

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Albertine Rift is characterized by a heterogeneous landscape which may, at least in part, drive the exceptional biodiversity found across all taxonomic levels. Notwithstanding the biodiversity and beauty of the region, large areas are poorly understood because of political instability with the inaccessibility of most of the region as a contributing factor. The majority of studies in the Albertine Rift have focussed on charismatic mega fauna, with other taxa receiving less attention. One of the taxonomically and numerically more abundant small mammal genera is the genus Praomys, an African endemic with a wide distribution range spanning most of west, central and east Africa. Four species are typically recognized from the Albertine Rift namely P. degraaffi, P. jacksoni, P. misonnei and P. verschureni. In this study I used a combination of DNA sequence data (mitochondrial control region, mitochondrial cytochrome b and 7th intron of the nuclear ß-fibrinogen gene) as well as morphometric data (traditional and geometric) to investigate the systematics of the Praomys taxa occurring in the Albertine Rift. To allow meaningful DNA assessments and in an attempt to identify potential drivers of diversifications, other Praomys species were also included from public sequence data bases for comparisons. The main focus was on P. jacksoni (the numerically most abundant taxon; also, up to 2005, all Praomys in the Albertine Rift were mostly collected as “jacksoni”) and P. degraaffi (an Albertine Rift endemic). A surprising finding was the presence of P. mutoni; this represents a range extension for this species into the Albertine Rift. Distinct evolutionary lineages were found in both P. jacksoni (confirmed by sequence data as well as morphometrics) as well as P. degraaffi (based only on sequence data; insufficient samples precluded a full morphometric investigation). These lineages (in both P. jacksoni as well as P. degraaffi) appear to be separated along a north – south gradient; however, further investigations should confirm this. To further investigate the genetic patterns at local scales across the Albertine Rift, as well as introgression between species as revealed by sequence data, a species-specific microsatellite library was developed for P. jacksoni. Twelve polymorphic markers were identified of which nine also amplified in P. degraaffi. Introgression was confirmed between the two focal species with almost 20% of the individuals analysed being jacksoni-degraaffi hybrids. This is perhaps not so surprising given that there is considerable overlap in their ranges (between ~ 1500 m a.s.l. to 2450 m a.s.l.) as well as the relative ages of the species (the divergence time between these two species were estimated at 3.8 Mya). The presence of distinct lineages within each of these species was confirmed by microsatellite analyses (these lineages diverged approcimately at same time at ca. 3.4 Mya). As suggested by sequence and morphometric …

Advisors/Committee Members: Jansen van Vuuren, Bettine, Bowie, Rauri C. K., Bates, John M., Stelenbosch University. Faculty of Science. Dept. of Botany and Zoology..

Subjects/Keywords: DNA sequence; Phylogenetic analyses; Traditional morphometrics; Geometric morphometrics; Mammals; Small mammals; Albertine rift; Botany & Zoology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kaleme, P. K. (2011). Habitat fragmentation, patterns of diversity and phylogeography of small mammal species in the Albertine rift. (Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18110

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kaleme, Prince K. “Habitat fragmentation, patterns of diversity and phylogeography of small mammal species in the Albertine rift.” 2011. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18110.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kaleme, Prince K. “Habitat fragmentation, patterns of diversity and phylogeography of small mammal species in the Albertine rift.” 2011. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Kaleme PK. Habitat fragmentation, patterns of diversity and phylogeography of small mammal species in the Albertine rift. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18110.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kaleme PK. Habitat fragmentation, patterns of diversity and phylogeography of small mammal species in the Albertine rift. [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18110

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Univerzitet u Beogradu

16. Ilić, Marija D., 1984-, 55763209. Morfološka diferencijacija larvenih stadijuma odabranih vrsta žaba rodova Rana i Bufo na području Srbije.

Degree: Biološki fakultet, 2020, Univerzitet u Beogradu

URL: https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:22561/bdef:Content/get

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Biologija - Morfologija, sistematka i filogenija životinja / Biology - Morphology, systematics and phylogeny of the animals

Mrke žabe (Rana dalmatina, R. graeca, R. temporaria)… (more)

▼

Biologija - Morfologija, sistematka i filogenija životinja / Biology - Morphology, systematics and phylogeny of the animals

Mrke žabe (Rana dalmatina, R. graeca, R. temporaria) i obična krastača (Bufo bufo) na području Srbije mogu biti sintopne, a ulaze u vodena staništa samo tokom kratkog reproduktivnog perioda u rano proleće. Punoglavci provode duži vremenski period u vodenim staništima i lakše su uočljivi u odnosu na adulte. Analiza njihove morfologije je jedan od mogućih načina taksonomske identifikacije, naročito u slučajevima kada su genetičke metode nedostupne. Kod nekih vrsta punoglavci na ranim stupnjevima su vizuelno veoma slični, što otežava njihovu identifikaciju na terenu. Definisani su sledeći osnovni ciljevi: utvrditi osobine spoljašnje morfologije punoglavaca analiziranih vrsta žaba na osnovu kojih se može odrediti njihova taksonomska pripadnost; utvrditi efikasnost primene analiza oblika tela punoglavaca u taksonomskoj identifikaciji; razviti procedure za njihovu pouzdanu, brzu i ekonomičnu taksonomsku identifikaciju. Dodatno, izvršena je taksonomska genetička identifikacija, upoređena je upotreba metoda tradicionalne i geometrijske morfometrije u morfološkoj diferencijaciji ranih larvenih stadijuma, kao i filogenetski i fenetički odnosi analiziranih vrsta. Iz prirode su sakupljeni punoglavci R. dalmatina, R. temporaria i B. bufo na ranim razvojnim stupnjevima. Taksonomska identifikacija izvršena je DNK barkoding metodom, primenom 16S rRNK markera. Metodama tradicionalne morfometrije je utvrđeno da relativna dužina i širina glave predstavljaju karaktere za razlikovanje rodova Rana i Bufo, dok je relativna dužina repa karakter za razlikovanje dve vrste mrkih žaba. Detaljnije analize oblika i veličine laboratorijski uspešno odgajanih punoglavaca R. dalmatina, R. temporaria i B. bufo vršene su metodama geometrijske i tradicionalne morfometrije na ranim stupnjevima razvića. Oba pristupa su dala slične rezultate kada su u pitanju kvantifikacija i opis varijabilnosti veličine i oblika. Za razliku od punoglavaca B. bufo, punoglavci dve vrste roda Rana su sitniji sa manjim telima i repovima dva puta dužim od tela. Kada su poređene dve vrste mrkih žaba, utvrđeno je da punoglavci R. dalmatina imaju kraći rep i veće telo. Međutim, suptilne razlike u obliku distalnog dela repa bilo je moguće detektovati samo primenom geometrijske morfometrije.

Advisors/Committee Members: Crnobrnja-Isailović, Jelka, 1962-, 1807463.

Subjects/Keywords: brown frogs; common toad; taxonomic identification; traditional morphometrics; geometric morphometrics; shape; size

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ilić, Marija D., 1984-, 5. (2020). Morfološka diferencijacija larvenih stadijuma odabranih vrsta žaba rodova Rana i Bufo na području Srbije. (Thesis). Univerzitet u Beogradu. Retrieved from https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:22561/bdef:Content/get

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ilić, Marija D., 1984-, 55763209. “Morfološka diferencijacija larvenih stadijuma odabranih vrsta žaba rodova Rana i Bufo na području Srbije.” 2020. Thesis, Univerzitet u Beogradu. Accessed April 14, 2021. https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:22561/bdef:Content/get.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ilić, Marija D., 1984-, 55763209. “Morfološka diferencijacija larvenih stadijuma odabranih vrsta žaba rodova Rana i Bufo na području Srbije.” 2020. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Ilić, Marija D., 1984- 5. Morfološka diferencijacija larvenih stadijuma odabranih vrsta žaba rodova Rana i Bufo na području Srbije. [Internet] [Thesis]. Univerzitet u Beogradu; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:22561/bdef:Content/get.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ilić, Marija D., 1984- 5. Morfološka diferencijacija larvenih stadijuma odabranih vrsta žaba rodova Rana i Bufo na području Srbije. [Thesis]. Univerzitet u Beogradu; 2020. Available from: https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:22561/bdef:Content/get

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Virginia Tech

17. Schilling, Daniel Edward. Assessment of morphological and molecular genetic variation of freshwater mussel species belonging to the genera Fusconaia, Pleurobema, and Pleuronaia in the upper Tennessee River basin.

Degree: MS, Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, 2015, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54030

► Select freshwater mussels in the genera Fusconaia, Pleurobema, and Pleuronaia were collected primarily in the upper Tennessee River basin from 2012 to 2014 for phylogenetic… (more)

▼ Select freshwater mussels in the genera Fusconaia, Pleurobema, and Pleuronaia were collected primarily in the upper Tennessee River basin from 2012 to 2014 for phylogenetic and morphological assessments. Freshwater mussels in these genera are similar in appearance, hence the need for phylogenetic verification and morphological assessment. Phylogenetic analyses of the mitochondrial gene ND1 and the nuclear gene ITS1 revealed three unrecognized, phylogenetically distinct species. These species were separated from their closest congener by 2.85%, 3.17%, and 6.32% based on pairwise genetic distances of ND1. Gaps created from aligning ITS1 sequences were coded as fifth characters, which phylogenetically separated most closely related species. Analyses of ND1 agreed with previous literature on the phylogenetic distinctiveness of Pleuronaia species, with the exception of the DNA sequences of P. gibberum, which grouped outside this genus based on the analyses conducted in this study. Morphological variation was recorded for eight of the species to include quantitative and qualitative characters as well as geometric morphometric analyses. Three decision trees were created from quantitative and qualitative characters using classification and regression tree analyses. The best-performing tree used quantitative and qualitative characters describing shell-only scenarios and obtained 80.6% correct classification on terminal nodes. Canonical variates analysis on geometric morphometric shell data revealed large morphological overlap between species. Goodall's F-tests between pairs of species revealed significant differences (a=0.05) between all but one species pairs; however, examination of landmarks on shells concluded large overlap of landmarks between species pairs. Lack of morphologically distinct characters to readily identify these phylogenetically distinct species indicates large morphological overlap among these species. Biologists need to be cognizant that morphologically cryptic species may exist in systems often explored. Three dichotomous keys were created from classification trees to identify select individuals in the genera Fusconaia, Pleurobema, and Pleuronaia; two of these keys, one for shells and one for live mussels were tested by participants with varying mussel identification skills to represent novices and experts. Both keys used continuous (quantitative) and categorical variables to guide participants to identifications. Novices, who had no prior mussel identification experience, correctly identified mussels with a 50% accuracy using the shell key and with a 51% accuracy using the live key. Experts, who had at least three years of experience identifying mussels, correctly identified mussels with a 58% accuracy using the shell key and with a 68% accuracy using the live key; however one expert noted that they did not use the live key to correctly identify one mussel. Morphological overlap of variables between mussels likely resulted in failure to consistently identify mussels correctly. Important… Advisors/Committee Members: Jones, Jess W. (committeechair), Smith, Eric P. (committee member), Roberts, James H. (committee member), Hallerman, Eric M. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Freshwater Mussels; Fusconaia; Pleurobema; Pleuronaia; Molecular Genetics; Morphometrics; Geometric Morphometrics; Dichotomous Key

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Schilling, D. E. (2015). Assessment of morphological and molecular genetic variation of freshwater mussel species belonging to the genera Fusconaia, Pleurobema, and Pleuronaia in the upper Tennessee River basin. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54030

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Schilling, Daniel Edward. “Assessment of morphological and molecular genetic variation of freshwater mussel species belonging to the genera Fusconaia, Pleurobema, and Pleuronaia in the upper Tennessee River basin.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54030.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Schilling, Daniel Edward. “Assessment of morphological and molecular genetic variation of freshwater mussel species belonging to the genera Fusconaia, Pleurobema, and Pleuronaia in the upper Tennessee River basin.” 2015. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Schilling DE. Assessment of morphological and molecular genetic variation of freshwater mussel species belonging to the genera Fusconaia, Pleurobema, and Pleuronaia in the upper Tennessee River basin. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54030.

Council of Science Editors:

Schilling DE. Assessment of morphological and molecular genetic variation of freshwater mussel species belonging to the genera Fusconaia, Pleurobema, and Pleuronaia in the upper Tennessee River basin. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54030

18. Seneque, Emilie. Relation entre posture, bien-être et travail chez le cheval : développements méthodologiques et perspectives d’application à l’Homme : Relationship between posture, welfare and work in horses : methodological developments and perspectives of application to Human.

Degree: Docteur es, Psychologie, 2017, Rennes 2

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20060

►

Le premier objectif de ce travail de thèse était de développer la méthodologie d’étude des postures basée sur la morphométrie géométrique. Cela nécessitait un perfectionnement… (more)

▼

Le premier objectif de ce travail de thèse était de développer la méthodologie d’étude des postures basée sur la morphométrie géométrique. Cela nécessitait un perfectionnement de la méthodologie déjà existante sur la ligne du dos du cheval afin d’obtenir une méthode précise, quantifiable, objective et reproductible, permettant de discriminer des populations. Pour cela, plusieurs améliorations méthodologiques (ajout de marqueurs pour dessiner le contour de laligne du dos du cheval, analyse de contour, annulation de la rotation de l’encolure) ont été testées sur un important jeu de données et finalement retenues. Cette méthodologie retenue a ensuite été utilisée afin de valider sa pertinence, et de rechercher des postures associées à des états de mal-être et à des conditions de travail différentes. Nos résultats ont tout d’abord mis en évidence l’existence d’une posture atypique, dans l’ensemble plate, voire creuse, associée à des marqueurs de mal-être parmi les chevaux de centre équestre. D’une part des chevaux issus de différentes disciplines équestres, et d’autre part des individus entrainés pour les courses de galop par plusieurs entraineurs, aux pratiques distinctes, ont permis d’observer un effet du type de travail sur la ligne du dessus notamment sur la forme de la croupe, del’encolure et du garrot. La méthodologie ainsi validée, il était possible de proposer un protocole de mesure de la posture par morphométrie géométrique chez l’humain, pour une application à l’étude de la communication non verbale, à la constitution d’un répertoire de postures « normales », ou encore pour le diagnostic de pathologies physiques (e.g. contextesportif) ou psychologiques.

The first goal of this thesis work was to develop the study methodology of the posture based on geometric morphometrics. This required an upgrading of the already existing methodology using the upper line of the horse in order to obtain a precise, quantifiable, unbiased and reproducible method which allows to discriminate populations. To achieve this, manymethodological improvements (addition of markers for the modelling of the contour of horse upper line, contour analyses, cancellation of the neck rotation) has been tested on a very large dataset and retained. Then this adopted methodology has been used to validate its relevance, and searching for postures associated with poor welfare and different working conditions. Our results has first brought to light the existence of an atypical posture, globally flat, even hollow, related to poor welfare indicators among the population of riding school horses. On one side horses from different equestrian disciplines, and on the other side individuals trained for horseracing by several trainers with distinct practices, has allowed to observe an impact of the type of work on the upper line, notably on the shape of the croup, neck and withers. This methodology thereby validated, it was possible to propose a protocol for the measure of the posture through geometric morphometrics on humans, for an application in the…

Advisors/Committee Members: Gombert, Jean-Émile (thesis director), Hausberger, Martine (thesis director).

Subjects/Keywords: Cheval domestique; Morphométrie géométrique; Stéréotypies; Domestic horse; Geometric morphometrics; Stereotypies; 798.2

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Seneque, E. (2017). Relation entre posture, bien-être et travail chez le cheval : développements méthodologiques et perspectives d’application à l’Homme : Relationship between posture, welfare and work in horses : methodological developments and perspectives of application to Human. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rennes 2. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20060

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Seneque, Emilie. “Relation entre posture, bien-être et travail chez le cheval : développements méthodologiques et perspectives d’application à l’Homme : Relationship between posture, welfare and work in horses : methodological developments and perspectives of application to Human.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Rennes 2. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20060.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Seneque, Emilie. “Relation entre posture, bien-être et travail chez le cheval : développements méthodologiques et perspectives d’application à l’Homme : Relationship between posture, welfare and work in horses : methodological developments and perspectives of application to Human.” 2017. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Seneque E. Relation entre posture, bien-être et travail chez le cheval : développements méthodologiques et perspectives d’application à l’Homme : Relationship between posture, welfare and work in horses : methodological developments and perspectives of application to Human. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rennes 2; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20060.

Council of Science Editors:

Seneque E. Relation entre posture, bien-être et travail chez le cheval : développements méthodologiques et perspectives d’application à l’Homme : Relationship between posture, welfare and work in horses : methodological developments and perspectives of application to Human. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rennes 2; 2017. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20060

University of California – Berkeley

19. McGuire, Jennifer Lynn. The effects of Quaternary environmental changes on Microtus distribution and morphology.

Degree: Integrative Biology, 2010, University of California – Berkeley

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9v21p3qt

► Dramatic climate changes are already occurring, yet their ecological impacts remain difficult to predict as we lack both a detailed understanding of how key indicator… (more)

▼ Dramatic climate changes are already occurring, yet their ecological impacts remain difficult to predict as we lack both a detailed understanding of how key indicator species will react as well as large-scale models that are ground-truthed using paleontological data. In my dissertation, I focused on these challenges. I examine how climate change not only changes species' size and range, but can elicit evolutionary responses in phenotype and alter population variation. Detailed reconstructions of species' paleontological ranges test predictions made by species distribution models (SDMs) as well as their underlying assumptions. Population-level analyses of shifts in morphological variation through time allow the prediction of future evolutionary responses and the assessment of susceptibility to environment stress due to reduced natural variation. I focus on the how climate changes might affect California's ecosystems, developing quantitative methods to look at how morphological shape changes across space and through time in ecologically important small mammals, Microtus (voles). Looking back at their response to paleoecological transitions, I make predictions about how they might react in the future. In Chapter 1, I use geometric morphometrics of vole dentition to establish a potential new paleoclimate proxy. First, I test if Microtus morphology correlates with paleoclimate signals, using an abundant California species, Microtus californicus. Geometric morphometrics (quantitative shape analysis) and partial least squares (PLS) analyses reveal geographic signals in the shape of the first lower molar (m1) of this species. M. californicus m1s are relatively straight in the northwest, cooler, moister portion of California and more curved in the southeast, hotter, drier portion of the state. These tooth shape changes may be a result of selection related to different vegetation ultimately controlled by climate, and therefore diet, within the species' range. The pattern in m1 shape persists when phylogeographic hypotheses are taken into account, indicating that the climate signal is significant independent of intraspecific groupings. This method reveals a geographic/climatic signal linked with morphological variation across the range of M. californicus and adds an important proxy to reconstruct past climates at fine spatiotemporal scales. Another challenge addressed in my dissertation is that of species-level identification of fossils, which is necessary to maximally interpret the biostratigraphy, evolution, and paleoecology of Quaternary vertebrate localities. Microtus fossils typically are preserved only as isolated teeth, making identification difficult. In Chapter 2, I distinguish between the five species of Microtus living in California today (M. californicus, M. longicaudus, M. montanus, M. oregoni and M. townsendii) using geometric morphometrics on only their m1. Discriminant analysis on the resulting projected shapes correctly classifies extant specimens of known species 95 percent of the time, enabling vole…

Subjects/Keywords: Paleocology; Morphology; Paleontology; California; Climate change; geometric morphometrics; Microtus; morphology

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APA (6^th Edition):

McGuire, J. L. (2010). The effects of Quaternary environmental changes on Microtus distribution and morphology. (Thesis). University of California – Berkeley. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9v21p3qt

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

McGuire, Jennifer Lynn. “The effects of Quaternary environmental changes on Microtus distribution and morphology.” 2010. Thesis, University of California – Berkeley. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9v21p3qt.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

McGuire, Jennifer Lynn. “The effects of Quaternary environmental changes on Microtus distribution and morphology.” 2010. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

McGuire JL. The effects of Quaternary environmental changes on Microtus distribution and morphology. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2010. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9v21p3qt.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

McGuire JL. The effects of Quaternary environmental changes on Microtus distribution and morphology. [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2010. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9v21p3qt

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Rochester

20. Scantlebury, Daniel Patrick (1985 - ). Patterns of adaptive radiation in insular reptiles and amphibians.

Degree: PhD, 2014, University of Rochester

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1802/28900

► Life on Earth may be characterized by many patterns. The species that surround us are not only numerous, they are often phenotypically and ecologically diverse.… (more)

▼ Life on Earth may be characterized by many patterns. The species that surround us are not only numerous, they are often phenotypically and ecologically diverse. The fossil records shows that these species and their phenotypic diversity arose heterogeneously throughout history, and further inspection demonstrates species and phenotypes are nonrandomly distributed across the globe and environments. Ecology and evolutionary biology attempt to explain how these patterns emerge by identifying underlying processes. For instance, Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace recognized that there were similarities between the species inhabiting adjacent regions and proposed that organic evolution (common descent and modification) can explain these similarities as an alternative to special creation. My research explores three patterns that emerge from the examination of life, and how a single evolutionary process is capable of generating these patterns. That process is adaptive radiation. Adaptive radiation occurs as a response to ecological opportunity in a diversifying lineage. It is an interaction between speciation and adaptation that results in ecologically distinctive new species. If the ecological opportunities available to a diversifying lineage are limited, then rates of speciation and adaptation might decline during the course of adaptive radiation, potentially contributing to differential rates of diversification seen in both the fossil record and molecular phylogenies. Furthermore, if adaptive radiation produces the ecological diversity necessary for species to survive in a variety of climates and habitats, then it might also explain how and why species distribute themselves across landscapes. Although adaptive radiation has the potential to explain much about the diversity of life, current studies are limited to a few iconic clades making it difficult to identify the general elements of adaptive radiation because of vast historical contingencies. This thesis is a comparative effort that explores how adaptive radiation contributes to patterns of (1) species richness and ecological diversity, (2) macroevolutionary diversification rates, and (3) biogeography, by examining clades that radiated in similar regions, habitats, and times. In chapter 1 I focus on the pattern of species richness and phenotypic diversity: why are there groups of related species that differ phenotypically? In particular, I examine a group of predominately Caribbean geckos (Sphaerodactylus) and address whether or not the variation seen in the shape of their skulls has an adaptive origin. Sphaerodactylus geckos are remarkable because they are co-distributed with the wellstudied adaptive radiation of Anolis lizards and potentially provide an important system to evaluate the generalities of conclusions made from Anolis. I show that adaptive radiation probably contributed to variation seen in the shape of their skulls. I also suggest that Sphaerodactylus and Anolis both possess ecologically distinct habitat …

Subjects/Keywords: Adaptive radiation; Biogeography; Community assembly; Diversity dependent diversification; Geometric morphometrics; Sphaerodactylus

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APA (6^th Edition):

Scantlebury, D. P. (. -. ). (2014). Patterns of adaptive radiation in insular reptiles and amphibians. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Rochester. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1802/28900

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Scantlebury, Daniel Patrick (1985 - ). “Patterns of adaptive radiation in insular reptiles and amphibians.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Rochester. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1802/28900.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Scantlebury, Daniel Patrick (1985 - ). “Patterns of adaptive radiation in insular reptiles and amphibians.” 2014. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Scantlebury DP(-). Patterns of adaptive radiation in insular reptiles and amphibians. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Rochester; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1802/28900.

Council of Science Editors:

Scantlebury DP(-). Patterns of adaptive radiation in insular reptiles and amphibians. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Rochester; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1802/28900

Cornell University

21. Smith, Ursula. Macroevolutionary Patterns In The New Zealand Cenozoic Turritellid Genera Zeacolpus And Stiracolpus (Gastropoda: Turritellidae).

Degree: PhD, Geological Sciences, 2011, Cornell University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33638

► Gastropods have traditionally been extremely hard to construct phylogenetic relationships for because of the lack of easily coded morphological characters in their hard-parts. Many gastropod… (more)

▼ Gastropods have traditionally been extremely hard to construct phylogenetic relationships for because of the lack of easily coded morphological characters in their hard-parts. Many gastropod groups, such as the turritellids, are widespread and abundant in both the Recent and the fossil record, and other than the lack of available phylogenies are excellent candidates for addressing a wide variety of macroevolutionary questions, such as how new species occur. Here a new methodology for generating phylogenies for gastropods and other groups that have traditionally suffered the same problems is developed and applied. New algorithms implemented in the phylogenetic analysis software Tree Analysis using new Technology (TNT; Goloboff et al., 2006) allows the inclusion of continuous data directly into an analysis rather than requiring arbitrary gap coding to reduce the continuous character data to discrete character states. This method uses TNT's ability to analyze continuous characters to allow detailed descriptions of shell shape to be incorporated and analyzed as continuous characters generated from a geometric morphometric (GM) shape analysis. A test case for the methodology using Recent members of the hyper-diverse genus Conus, which has an exceptional molecular phylogeny, shows that GM-continuous characters generated from an eigenshape analysis can contribute to a phylogenetic hypothesis and allow the correct placement of taxa (such as fossils) that have only morphological data into a larger phylogenetic context. A phylogenetic analysis of the two New Zealand turritellid genera Stiracolpus and Zeacolpus carried out using suites of GM-continuous characters generated from whorl profile shape and traditional discrete characters has generated the first phylogenetic hypothesis of turritellid gastropods. These phylogenies indicate that species of both genera have significant ghost ranges. When these ghost ranges are taken into account, the pattern of species originations appears very different from the raw appearance data through the New Zealand Cenozoic, with speciation events clustering in four stages rather than occurring gradually. Paleoenvironmental data suggests that species of the two genera had different environmental tolerances, with Zeacolpus being less well able to survive in the cooler conditions that Stiracolpus appears to have thrived in during the Pliocene to Recent. Advisors/Committee Members: Allmon, Warren Douglas (chair), McCune, Amy Reed (committee member), Cisne, John Luther (committee member), Doyle, Jeffrey J (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: continuous characters; gastropoda; geometric morphometrics; fossils; phylogenetic analysis; speciation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Smith, U. (2011). Macroevolutionary Patterns In The New Zealand Cenozoic Turritellid Genera Zeacolpus And Stiracolpus (Gastropoda: Turritellidae). (Doctoral Dissertation). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33638

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Smith, Ursula. “Macroevolutionary Patterns In The New Zealand Cenozoic Turritellid Genera Zeacolpus And Stiracolpus (Gastropoda: Turritellidae).” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Cornell University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33638.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Smith, Ursula. “Macroevolutionary Patterns In The New Zealand Cenozoic Turritellid Genera Zeacolpus And Stiracolpus (Gastropoda: Turritellidae).” 2011. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Smith U. Macroevolutionary Patterns In The New Zealand Cenozoic Turritellid Genera Zeacolpus And Stiracolpus (Gastropoda: Turritellidae). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cornell University; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33638.

Council of Science Editors:

Smith U. Macroevolutionary Patterns In The New Zealand Cenozoic Turritellid Genera Zeacolpus And Stiracolpus (Gastropoda: Turritellidae). [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cornell University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33638

University of Oxford

22. Campuzano, Cesar Augusto Espinoza. Geometric morphometric exploration of the skull phenotypic matrix of Columbimorphae (Pteroclidiformes, Mesitornithiformes and Columbiformes) : allometry, heterochrony, ecological factors, modularity, biomechanics, diet, and domestication.

Degree: PhD, 2018, University of Oxford

URL: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9f7df3a9-b109-431c-b3c1-e08574568e10 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.791620

► This thesis deals with the interplay between developmental constraints and ecomorphological factors in the skull shape evolution in Columbimorphae. Columbimorphae is a group of birds… (more)

▼ This thesis deals with the interplay between developmental constraints and ecomorphological factors in the skull shape evolution in Columbimorphae. Columbimorphae is a group of birds that includes the Mesitornithiformes (mesites), Pteroclidiformes (sandgrouses), and Columbiformes (pigeons and doves). Columbiformes have a wide geographical distribution, exhibit a wide range of body sizes, and have high ecological and morphological diversity. It includes iconic species like the dodo (Raphus cucullatus), the Rodrigues solitaire (Pezophaps solitaria), and the passenger pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius). This diversity shown in Columbiformes, along with their well resolved phylogenetic relationships makes this clade a good study system to perform macro-evolutionary research. This thesis is focussed on a pluralistic view of phenotypical evolution. For this reason, I tested ecological factors (distribution, body size, centroid size, feeding strategy and biomechanical performance) and developmental factors (allometry, heterochrony, modularity, integration) to examine the skull evolution. My research sheds light into various evolutionary phenomena, showing that the dodo and the Rodrigues solitaire follow allometry and heterochrony; that modularity and integration are not sufficient to explain the columbiform skull shape; that ecomorphological factors have shaped the pigeon skull; that differences in biomechanical performance are associated with different feeding strategies; that domestication does not only increases the amount of morphological disparity using existent axes of variation but successfully explores and incorporates new axis of variation; and that different phenotypic matrices are not usually comparable and generalizable because matrices of wild Columbiformes, domestic (Columba livia) and feral individuals (C. livia) are unequal and do not share the same axes of variation. My overall results suggest that both ecomorphology and development influenced the evolution of the pigeon skull. My research also warns against the generalization of species patterns of constraints (modularity and integration) across taxonomic scales.

Subjects/Keywords: Macroevolution; Evolution; Heterochorny; Pigeons; Geometric Morphometrics; Biomechanics; Birds; Domestication

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APA (6^th Edition):

Campuzano, C. A. E. (2018). Geometric morphometric exploration of the skull phenotypic matrix of Columbimorphae (Pteroclidiformes, Mesitornithiformes and Columbiformes) : allometry, heterochrony, ecological factors, modularity, biomechanics, diet, and domestication. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oxford. Retrieved from http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9f7df3a9-b109-431c-b3c1-e08574568e10 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.791620

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Campuzano, Cesar Augusto Espinoza. “Geometric morphometric exploration of the skull phenotypic matrix of Columbimorphae (Pteroclidiformes, Mesitornithiformes and Columbiformes) : allometry, heterochrony, ecological factors, modularity, biomechanics, diet, and domestication.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oxford. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9f7df3a9-b109-431c-b3c1-e08574568e10 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.791620.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Campuzano, Cesar Augusto Espinoza. “Geometric morphometric exploration of the skull phenotypic matrix of Columbimorphae (Pteroclidiformes, Mesitornithiformes and Columbiformes) : allometry, heterochrony, ecological factors, modularity, biomechanics, diet, and domestication.” 2018. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Campuzano CAE. Geometric morphometric exploration of the skull phenotypic matrix of Columbimorphae (Pteroclidiformes, Mesitornithiformes and Columbiformes) : allometry, heterochrony, ecological factors, modularity, biomechanics, diet, and domestication. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9f7df3a9-b109-431c-b3c1-e08574568e10 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.791620.

Council of Science Editors:

Campuzano CAE. Geometric morphometric exploration of the skull phenotypic matrix of Columbimorphae (Pteroclidiformes, Mesitornithiformes and Columbiformes) : allometry, heterochrony, ecological factors, modularity, biomechanics, diet, and domestication. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2018. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9f7df3a9-b109-431c-b3c1-e08574568e10 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.791620

Texas A&M University

23. Smith, Heather Lynn. A Behavioral Analysis of Clovis Point Morphology Using Geometric Morphometrics.

Degree: MA, Anthropology, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8876

► This thesis presents an investigation into Paleoindian projectile-point morphology. A goal of this research is to determine if evidence of a normative cultural manufacturing protocol… (more)

▼ This thesis presents an investigation into Paleoindian projectile-point morphology. A goal of this research is to determine if evidence of a normative cultural manufacturing protocol can be identified on Clovis projectile points which can then be used to address research questions concerning Clovis point variability, and ultimately, the spread of this tool-form across North America. This paper addresses obstacles to behavioral investigations of stone tool morphology such as the effects of resharpening and raw material type on tool shape. I argue that a culturally normative process of manufacture was maintained throughout the life-history of Clovis projectile points which translated into a specific shape maintained to the time of exhaustion and discard. As an analytical tool, this study utilizes the geometric morphometric method to retain the geometry of each artifact throughout analysis by focusing on spatial covariation among landmarks uniformly found on each tool. This thesis investigates variability in 123 fluted projectile points from 23 archaeological sites in North America which met criteria meant to control for security of context in the archaeological record. Principle components describing the shape-variability inherent in this data-set were generated using geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistical analyses were employed to identify major factors of variability. This research concluded that Clovis projectile-point shape was determined by normative cultural behavior maintained throughout the life of the artifact and not the result of raw material type or resharpening processes. Therefore, the projectile-point variability found to be geographically patterned provided evidence of Paleoindian movement and the spread of tool form. Multivariate analysis of variance determined that a regional trend in variability was present. The distribution of within-site variance suggested that artifacts from sites in the West were very homogeneous while artifacts from Eastern sites were more variable. The multivariate cluster and discriminant function analyses also demonstrated a closer affinity between artifacts in the Southwest and Northwest than either has with the Northeast. The similarities in projectile point morphology between the Southwest and Northwest regions suggest movement beginning with a Southwest point of origin from which Pleistocene peoples may have carried their fluted point technology north and east. Advisors/Committee Members: Goebel, Ted (advisor), Waters, Michael (committee member), DeWitt, Thomas (committee member), Carlson, David (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Clovis; Geometric Morphometrics; fluted; projectile points; lithic; Paleoindians; First Americans

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APA (6^th Edition):

Smith, H. L. (2012). A Behavioral Analysis of Clovis Point Morphology Using Geometric Morphometrics. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8876

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Smith, Heather Lynn. “A Behavioral Analysis of Clovis Point Morphology Using Geometric Morphometrics.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8876.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Smith, Heather Lynn. “A Behavioral Analysis of Clovis Point Morphology Using Geometric Morphometrics.” 2012. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Smith HL. A Behavioral Analysis of Clovis Point Morphology Using Geometric Morphometrics. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8876.

Council of Science Editors:

Smith HL. A Behavioral Analysis of Clovis Point Morphology Using Geometric Morphometrics. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8876

McMaster University

24. Yousif, Mariam. Warped Ideas: Geometric Morphometrics as a Complementary Technique for Studying Gastropod Shell Morphology.

Degree: MSc, 2012, McMaster University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/12472

►

Geometric morphometrics (GM) provides a complementary method for studying morphology. Snails have been analyzed in the field of morphometrics since the 1960s because their… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Dimethoate; Geometric Morphometrics; Snail; Shell Morphology; Toxicology; Toxicology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Yousif, M. (2012). Warped Ideas: Geometric Morphometrics as a Complementary Technique for Studying Gastropod Shell Morphology. (Masters Thesis). McMaster University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11375/12472

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Yousif, Mariam. “Warped Ideas: Geometric Morphometrics as a Complementary Technique for Studying Gastropod Shell Morphology.” 2012. Masters Thesis, McMaster University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11375/12472.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Yousif, Mariam. “Warped Ideas: Geometric Morphometrics as a Complementary Technique for Studying Gastropod Shell Morphology.” 2012. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Yousif M. Warped Ideas: Geometric Morphometrics as a Complementary Technique for Studying Gastropod Shell Morphology. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. McMaster University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/12472.

Council of Science Editors:

Yousif M. Warped Ideas: Geometric Morphometrics as a Complementary Technique for Studying Gastropod Shell Morphology. [Masters Thesis]. McMaster University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/12472

Leiden University

25. Wassenaar, Simone. Sexual dimorphism in the zygomatic and zygomatic arch: Using geometric morphometrics on a Dutch population, Middenbeemster from 1829-1866.

Degree: 2017, Leiden University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1887/52556

► In this thesis, the size and shape differences between male and female zygomatic bones and zygomatic arches are examined in order to better understand and… (more)

▼ In this thesis, the size and shape differences between male and female zygomatic bones and zygomatic arches are examined in order to better understand and improve the macroscopic sex estimation methods that are currently used for these regions. These regions are used in macroscopic osteological methods of sex estimation but the exact nature of the differences is poorly understood: Is it a difference in shape, in size, or both, and where are the differences located exactly? In osteological methods, it is thought that the male zygomatic is more square in shape with a larger marginal tubercle than in females. For the zygomatic arch, the male arch is said to be thicker than that of females. For the orbit, the male orbit is purportedly more square and the female orbit more round. This thesis uses three dimensional (3D) models and geometric morphometrics to investigate sexual dimorphism of the zygomatic and zygomatic arch. Geometric morphometrics is a method that uses images, in this case 3D scans of crania. On the images, landmarks are indicated. Four sets of landmarks are examined in this thesis: All landmarks together, landmarks on the zygomatic, landmarks on the zygomatic arch, and landmarks on the orbits. These landmarks are then analyzed with a general procrustes analysis, which removes rotation, location, and size. This means that only shape remains. Two different principal component analyses (PCA) follow. The first is a normal PCA, while the second includes size to examine the form (shape with size). Differences are looked for in size, shape, and form. Because shape can change with size (allometry) the occurrence of this is also examined. The material that is analyzed is 65 crania (29 females and 36 males) from the Middenbeemster cemetery in the Netherlands, mostly from the 19th century. The results show differences between males and females in size and in form, but no clear difference in shape. Allometry is present in the zygomatic, the zygomatic arch, and orbits, but only in the orbits does allometry explain more than 10% of the change in shape. The allometry in the orbits corresponds to the differences noted by the macroscopic method mentioned above. All the differences between males and females come from a difference in size. Only for the zygomatic arch, does form work better than size in differentiating the sexes. Differences in shape do not clearly differentiate between males and females. The accuracy for the size differences for all the landmarks and the zygomatic are both 83%. The form of the zygomatic arch also has an accuracy of 83%. This thesis has contributed to our knowledge about the location of differences between males and females for the zygomatic bone, zygomatic arch and orbits. The differences are mainly in size, and for the zygomatic arch in both size and shape (form). With this knowledge we can improve upon the macroscopic methods for sex estimation. Advisors/Committee Members: Waters-Rist, Andrea (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Middenbeemster; Zygomatic; Zygomatic arch; Sexual dimorphism; Geometric Morphometrics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wassenaar, S. (2017). Sexual dimorphism in the zygomatic and zygomatic arch: Using geometric morphometrics on a Dutch population, Middenbeemster from 1829-1866. (Masters Thesis). Leiden University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1887/52556

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wassenaar, Simone. “Sexual dimorphism in the zygomatic and zygomatic arch: Using geometric morphometrics on a Dutch population, Middenbeemster from 1829-1866.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Leiden University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1887/52556.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wassenaar, Simone. “Sexual dimorphism in the zygomatic and zygomatic arch: Using geometric morphometrics on a Dutch population, Middenbeemster from 1829-1866.” 2017. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Wassenaar S. Sexual dimorphism in the zygomatic and zygomatic arch: Using geometric morphometrics on a Dutch population, Middenbeemster from 1829-1866. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Leiden University; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1887/52556.

Council of Science Editors:

Wassenaar S. Sexual dimorphism in the zygomatic and zygomatic arch: Using geometric morphometrics on a Dutch population, Middenbeemster from 1829-1866. [Masters Thesis]. Leiden University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1887/52556

Purdue University

26. Touzinsky, Katherine Flynn. Morphological Plasticity of Invasive Silver Carp in Divergent Midwestern Rivers.

Degree: MS, Ecological Sciences and Engineering, 2015, Purdue University

URL: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/1205

► In the past decade, silver carp (SC; Hypopthalmicthys molitrix) have incited a great quantity of scientific research because their establishment and success in the Midwestern… (more)

▼ In the past decade, silver carp (SC; Hypopthalmicthys molitrix) have incited a great quantity of scientific research because their establishment and success in the Midwestern U.S. has led to concerns that they could invade the Great Lakes Basin. These previous studies have identified phenotypic plasticity in SC behavior and spawning as they invade novel environments. Although divergent habitats have been shown to elicit morphological plasticity in multiple fish species, similar research has not been conducted for SC despite their observed plasticity in other traits. I examined SC collected from two hydrogeomorphically divergent rivers, the Illinois River (IR) and middle Wabash River (MWR), as examples of rivers that support SC populations at different invasion stages. I compared differences in SC body shapes through geometric morphometric analysis and life history characteristics through population demographics between rivers. MWRSC were in better condition, lived longer, attained greater total lengths, and had higher GSIs than IRSC. Morphometric analysis revealed a significant divergence in body morphology between MWRSC and IRSC, whereby MWRSC had deeper body sections and narrow, tapered heads, while IRSC had shallower bodies and deeper heads. Principle component analysis indicated that contrasts in morphology were most strongly associated with river, as opposed to other factors like sex, hybrid status, and time sampled. While I do not assert causal evidence for the difference in shape based on specific environmental characteristics of the two rivers, I speculate that IRSC and MWRSC are undergoing different selection pressures due to population demographics and environmental characteristics of the two rivers. Regardless of the specific causal factors, it is clear that body shapes were different between the two rivers, suggesting that location-based selective agents are driving phenotypic outcomes in invasive SC. Advisors/Committee Members: Reuben R Goforth, Tomas O Höök, Jon J Amberg.

Subjects/Keywords: Asian carp; geometric morphometrics; Hypophthalmichthys molitrix; invasive species; phenotypic plasticity

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APA (6^th Edition):

Touzinsky, K. F. (2015). Morphological Plasticity of Invasive Silver Carp in Divergent Midwestern Rivers. (Thesis). Purdue University. Retrieved from https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/1205

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Touzinsky, Katherine Flynn. “Morphological Plasticity of Invasive Silver Carp in Divergent Midwestern Rivers.” 2015. Thesis, Purdue University. Accessed April 14, 2021. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/1205.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Touzinsky, Katherine Flynn. “Morphological Plasticity of Invasive Silver Carp in Divergent Midwestern Rivers.” 2015. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Touzinsky KF. Morphological Plasticity of Invasive Silver Carp in Divergent Midwestern Rivers. [Internet] [Thesis]. Purdue University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/1205.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Touzinsky KF. Morphological Plasticity of Invasive Silver Carp in Divergent Midwestern Rivers. [Thesis]. Purdue University; 2015. Available from: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/1205

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Boston University

27. Toon, Celena. Sexual dimorphism at the proximal tibia: a geometric morphometric analysis.

Degree: MS, Forensic Anthropology, 2014, Boston University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/15329

► In the past few decades, an area of skeletal research focusing on shape analyses has gained popularity in the field of physical anthropology, and subsequently… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Forensic anthropology; Geometric morphometrics; Knee joint; Proximal tibia; Sexual dimorphism; Tibia

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APA (6^th Edition):

Toon, C. (2014). Sexual dimorphism at the proximal tibia: a geometric morphometric analysis. (Masters Thesis). Boston University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2144/15329

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Toon, Celena. “Sexual dimorphism at the proximal tibia: a geometric morphometric analysis.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Boston University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2144/15329.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Toon, Celena. “Sexual dimorphism at the proximal tibia: a geometric morphometric analysis.” 2014. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Toon C. Sexual dimorphism at the proximal tibia: a geometric morphometric analysis. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Boston University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/15329.

Council of Science Editors:

Toon C. Sexual dimorphism at the proximal tibia: a geometric morphometric analysis. [Masters Thesis]. Boston University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/15329

Boston University

28. Costello, Amanda. An analysis of sexual dimorphism using geometric morphometrics of the femur and tibia: the use of GM in assessing sex of fragmented remains.

Degree: MS, Forensic Anthropology, 2015, Boston University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/16027

► This project analyzes the sexual dimorphism of the femur and tibia using geometric morphometrics. The study sample includes 250 individuals of known sex and age… (more)

▼ This project analyzes the sexual dimorphism of the femur and tibia using geometric morphometrics. The study sample includes 250 individuals of known sex and age at death with complete, non-damaged, non-pathological skeletal remains from the William M. Bass Donated Skeletal Collection at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Ages range from 19-96 for males (mean=56.92 years) and 29-97 for females (mean=59.48 years). A combination of landmarks and semi-landmarks were collected on the proximal and distal epiphyses of each bone using a Microscribe, which helps capture the overall size and shape variation present in the sample. Only individuals from one population, White, where analyzed in order to eliminate population variation bias. Classification rates for males and females for the proximal femur were 80.8% and 78.4% respectively, for the distal femur 92.6% and 89.6% respectively, for the proximal tibia 80.8% and 83.2% respectively, and the distal tibia 81.6% and 80.8% respectively, all with a p<0.0001. These rates created a classification model for which epiphysis gave the most accurate assessment of sex: the distal femur, followed by the proximal tibia, then the distal tibia, and lastly the proximal femur. This study indicates the knee joint is the most dimorphic, followed by the ankle and then the hip. The results fall in line with another study indicating the knee is more sexually dimorphic in a modern White population (Spradley and Jantz 2011), though in contrast to their results this study found the distal femur was more dimorphic than the proximal tibia. This method indicates that in comparison to standard measurements, geometric morphometrics may provide a more reliable method for sex estimation when used, specifically on the knee. Certain landmarks were then selected based on the standard taphonomic process of coffin wear and postmortem damage (Pokines and Baker 2014) for exclusion to determine the usability of the method on fragmented or damaged skeletal remains. When combinations of landmarks were removed, the distal femur still possessed the highest classification rates with over 80% accuracy.

Subjects/Keywords: Forensic anthropology; Discriminant function analysis; Geometric morphometrics; Sex assessment; Sexual dimorphism

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Costello, A. (2015). An analysis of sexual dimorphism using geometric morphometrics of the femur and tibia: the use of GM in assessing sex of fragmented remains. (Masters Thesis). Boston University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2144/16027

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Costello, Amanda. “An analysis of sexual dimorphism using geometric morphometrics of the femur and tibia: the use of GM in assessing sex of fragmented remains.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Boston University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2144/16027.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Costello, Amanda. “An analysis of sexual dimorphism using geometric morphometrics of the femur and tibia: the use of GM in assessing sex of fragmented remains.” 2015. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Costello A. An analysis of sexual dimorphism using geometric morphometrics of the femur and tibia: the use of GM in assessing sex of fragmented remains. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Boston University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/16027.

Council of Science Editors:

Costello A. An analysis of sexual dimorphism using geometric morphometrics of the femur and tibia: the use of GM in assessing sex of fragmented remains. [Masters Thesis]. Boston University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/16027

University of Wollongong

29. Wibowo, Unggul Prasetyo. Walking With Indonesian elephants: attribution of isolated proboscidean femurs and tibias to genus based on morphological differences.

Degree: M. Phil., 2016, University of Wollongong

URL: 0403 GEOLOGY, 040308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology) ; https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/4803

► Direct comparison and biometric measurement analysis of homologue skeletal elements pertaining to distinct members of closely related vertebrate taxa (genera and species) can reveal… (more)

▼ Direct comparison and biometric measurement analysis of homologue skeletal elements pertaining to distinct members of closely related vertebrate taxa (genera and species) can reveal qualitative diagnostic distinctive characteristics that reflect phylogeny and that may be related to differences in functional morphology. Apart from morphological differences, size can be an important factor in distinguishing taxa, especially when considering dwarfed insular proboscideans. Dwarfed proboscideans were once present on several islands of Indonesia during the Quaternary, but their postcranial remains have hardly been studied in detail. Most studies on fossil proboscideans focus on cranial and dental elements, which are comparatively easy to distinguish. In the case of proboscidean limb bones, morphological differences may be associated with different types of locomotion and could represent specific adaptations to insular environments. In order to investigate such adaptive morphologies in detail, a first step is to assess which differences exist between closely related genera. Establishing a list of diagnostic criteria to distinguish limb bones of different proboscidean genera and species will also aid in identifying isolated specimens of these elements. This study applied biometric analysis combined with 3D Geometric Morphometric (GM) analysis of fossil and recent skeletal parts of Indonesian proboscideans. The study aimed at characterizing the morphological differences between proboscidean taxonomic groups of two skeletal elements, the femur and the tibia. These elements were chosen because complete specimens of femur (n=10) and tibia (n=10) of known identity (based on associated dental elements) are relatively common in Indonesian fossil collections and were easily accessible. The studied sample comprises a recently excavated femur and tibia of a single adult individual of the very small-sized Stegodon sondaari from Flores. This offered the opportunity for the first time to investigate if this insular dwarf proboscidean possessed specific adaptations (apart from its small size) that are frequently encountered in insular megafauna, such as shortened distal limbs.

Subjects/Keywords: Indonesia; probosccidea; elephas; stegadon; sinomastadon; femur; tibia; fossil; geometric morphometrics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wibowo, U. P. (2016). Walking With Indonesian elephants: attribution of isolated proboscidean femurs and tibias to genus based on morphological differences. (Masters Thesis). University of Wollongong. Retrieved from 0403 GEOLOGY, 040308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology) ; https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/4803

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wibowo, Unggul Prasetyo. “Walking With Indonesian elephants: attribution of isolated proboscidean femurs and tibias to genus based on morphological differences.” 2016. Masters Thesis, University of Wollongong. Accessed April 14, 2021. 0403 GEOLOGY, 040308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology) ; https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/4803.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wibowo, Unggul Prasetyo. “Walking With Indonesian elephants: attribution of isolated proboscidean femurs and tibias to genus based on morphological differences.” 2016. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Wibowo UP. Walking With Indonesian elephants: attribution of isolated proboscidean femurs and tibias to genus based on morphological differences. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Wollongong; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: 0403 GEOLOGY, 040308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology) ; https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/4803.

Council of Science Editors:

Wibowo UP. Walking With Indonesian elephants: attribution of isolated proboscidean femurs and tibias to genus based on morphological differences. [Masters Thesis]. University of Wollongong; 2016. Available from: 0403 GEOLOGY, 040308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology) ; https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/4803

Australian National University

30. Openshaw, Gabrielle Heidi. Geometric Morphometric Analyses and Cranial Shape Evolution in Monitor Lizards .

Degree: 2016, Australian National University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1885/112507

► Understanding morphological change is a central theme in evolutionary, developmental, and comparative biology. Lizard heads are well suited to analyses of morphological evolution because of… (more)

▼ Understanding morphological change is a central theme in evolutionary, developmental, and comparative biology. Lizard heads are well suited to analyses of morphological evolution because of the complexity and diversity in the feeding system that integrates the cranium, jaw, hyolingual and cervical systems. Aside from feeding, the lizard skull is functionally associated with ecomorphology and sexual selection, and is additionally responsible for housing the major sensory systems of the body. Despite being a structurally complex and integrated system with numerous functions and roles, evolution in the lizard skull is characterized by the appearance of extreme morphologies. Geometric morphometrics is a powerful tool for the quantification, visualization and analysis of morphological variation and change. This approach is being applied more frequently in a phylogenetic comparative context to assess the relative influence of size, ecology, function, and developmental constraints on morphological evolution. Geometric morphometric methods rely on homologous landmarks as the source of shape data, and the level of detail and accuracy increases with the amount of information contained in a landmark configuration. However, it may be possible to capture particular elements of shape variation by concentrating on different observation angles of a complex structure. This research article examines how observation view (dorsal, ventral and lateral) influences 2D geometric morphometric analysis of interspecific cranial shape variation in monitor lizards (Varanus, Varanidae). I recover strong phylogenetic signal in all three views and general concordance in patterns of size-corrected shape diversification within the genus. However, I also find subtle but important differences among views in analyses of evolutionary allometry and shape variation, which may reflect both landmark configuration design and adaptive functional trends of the study system. This study shows that studies restricted to a 2D geometric morphometric analysis of a complex 3D biological structure can combine carefully designed 2D landmark configurations describing alternative planes to maximize shape coverage. The original research article presented in my thesis provides the basis for addressing a wide range of questions associated with the analysis of skull morphology, dentition and biomechanical performance as it relates to diet in monitor lizards using 3D geometric morphometrics, bite force measurements and phylogenetic comparative methods. The future directions I propose examine alternative ways in which predators may optimize feeding success: through morphological adaptations (in the skull and teeth) that enhance prey capture, or through biomechanical adaptations that enable feeding on a wider variety of prey.

Subjects/Keywords: Cranium; Landmark; Observation view; Two-dimensional geometric morphometrics; Varanus

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Openshaw, G. H. (2016). Geometric Morphometric Analyses and Cranial Shape Evolution in Monitor Lizards . (Thesis). Australian National University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1885/112507

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Openshaw, Gabrielle Heidi. “Geometric Morphometric Analyses and Cranial Shape Evolution in Monitor Lizards .” 2016. Thesis, Australian National University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/112507.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Openshaw, Gabrielle Heidi. “Geometric Morphometric Analyses and Cranial Shape Evolution in Monitor Lizards .” 2016. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Openshaw GH. Geometric Morphometric Analyses and Cranial Shape Evolution in Monitor Lizards . [Internet] [Thesis]. Australian National University; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1885/112507.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Openshaw GH. Geometric Morphometric Analyses and Cranial Shape Evolution in Monitor Lizards . [Thesis]. Australian National University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1885/112507

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Open Access Theses and Dissertations